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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
At a solid/liquid interface, physico-chemical phenomena occur that lead to the separation of electrical charges, establishing a zone called electrical double layer. The convection of one part of these charges by the liquid flow is the cause of the flow electrification phenomenon which is suspected of being responsible of incidents in the industry. The P' Institute of Poitiers University and CNRS has developed an original sensor called "capacitive sensor" that allows the characterization of the mechanisms involved in the generation, accumulation and transfer of charges. As an example, this sensor included in the design of high power transformers, could easily show the evolution of electrostatic charge generation developed during the operating time of the transformer and, therefore, point out the operations leading to electrostatic hazards and, then, monitor the transformer to prevent such risks.
When a liquid is in contact with a solid, a physical chemical phenomenon creates a charge separation area called the "electric double layer" which polarizes the solid/liquid interface. Electrically charged species of one sign appear on the solid surface while species of the opposite sign are distributed within the liquid. These areas are responsible for electrokinetic phenomena including the phenomenon of flow electrification. Often associated with a major risk in the industrial world this phenomenon still attracts a lot of attention. In fact, the flow electrification phenomenon could induce charge accumulation in a duct or in a tank, enough to produce catastrophic electrostatic discharges. For hydrocarbon liquids such as oils and gasoline, many accidents caused by this phenomenon have been identified [
For the last thirty years, flow electrification events have been suspected to be responsible for power transformer failures. Damage surveys revealed evidence of electrical discharges (electric "tree" paths, "worm holes", presence of carbon …) on inner pressboards [
In transformers, the electrical current circulating in the windings generates heat. The dielectric liquid ensures the electrical insulation of coils and the cooling of the transformer through its forced circulation. The oil impregnated papers and pressboards are used to insulate and to support the copper windings. The oil flow at the pressboard surface leads, on the one hand, to a space charge in the oil which can relax in contact with grounded metallic walls, and, on the other hand, to a space charge in the pressboard which accumulates. In real transformers, the phenomenon is even more complex because the pressboard is porous and not homogenous but it is a combination of several components that may induce various physico-chemical reactions with the oil impurities. More, the aging of power transformer components (pressboard, oil, copper…), due to temperature and moisture, influences the flow electrification phenomena. Indeed, it seems that flow electrification might generate a surface charge, which would induce electrical discharges at the pressboard-oil interface enhancing the phenomenon. The results showed that the space charge density was multiplied by three or four when the pressboard had been degraded by electrical discharges. This conclusion was alarming because it seemed that a chain reaction might happen inside the power transformer, until its failure [
Nowadays, the Electrostatic Charging Tendency (ECT) measurement in the Westinghouse protocol [
An experimental sensor called the capacitive sensor has been developed for ten years in the P' Institute of Poitiers University (previously known as the LEA Laboratory) with the collaboration of EDF. This sensor is based on the accident analyses in high power transformers in which electric discharges were observed on pressboard surfaces in very well insulated parts of transformers.
The origin of the charge separation at the solid/liquid interface is still not well understood. Specific adsorption, desorption, corrosion
Different models can be used to describe the electrical double layer. By likening it to a charged capacitor, one plate being associated with the solid and the other plate in the liquid, Perrin and Helmholtz [
In high power transformers, the forced oil flow leads to a charge accumulation on the pressboard surface that increases the local electrical potential. The capacitive sensor was developed for estimating the accumulated charges (directly correlated to the local potential) on a pressboard, or any other solid dielectric materials, for a given geometry and experimental protocol routinely applied. Moreover it allows one to analyze all the charge exchanges and movements, and the electric equilibrium.
The capacitive sensor has been tested in a flow loop facility developed in the laboratory [
A stainless steel loop (
The loop is made exclusively of materials inert to mineral oils such as stainless steel, glass and viton® in order to avoid any chemical reaction and oil pollution. Flow electrification phenomenon is quite sensitive to any pollution.
The dimensioning of the pipes and the heat exchanger allows limiting the velocity of the oil. It is negligible compared to the oil flow velocity in the sensor. Thus, the oil entering the sensor can be considered completely electrically uncharged.
The heat exchanger works thanks to a hot water circulation so without electrical perturbation (such as heat resistors) in the setup.
The sensor (
In order to allow a comparative analysis of all the oil/pressboard couples we studied with the sensor, the same experimental protocol is systematically applied. The loop and pressboard duct are dried by nitrogen gas flow before being submitted to vacuum (1.33 Pa) for 24 hours. The filling of the equipment is then done also under vacuum by direct transfer from commercial oil tanks. Finally oil flows in the loop for about 2 hours with a bulk pressure of 2,000 Pa to impregnate the pressboard duct. In addition, a 24 hours relaxation period is always applied before starting the experiment campaign.
The measurement sessions are planned on two or three consecutive days. They include an oil temperature cycle (20–10–20–40–60–80–20 °C) representative of different operating conditions of the transformer: start-up, operation, over-heating. More, this temperature cycle allows observing evolution of parameters after heating and cooling. For each temperature, three laminar oil flow rates (132, 220, and 308 L/h), leading respectively to mean velocities of 40, 68 and 95 cm/s in the pressboard duct are tested.
Over 100 oil/pressboard pairs have been assessed on the sensor with different objectives:
Qualification of new products ("standard pair"): oils (or, to a lesser extent, pressboards) proposed by the oil industries are constantly changing their chemical composition for economic and technical reasons. Some oils are disappearing as new products are marketed. All these developments require determining the physical properties of these oils, such as electrostatic behavior, before use in power transformers.
Monitoring the aging and maintenance of operating transformers ("standard pair"): the evolution over time of dielectric materials may require technical operations such as oil reconditioning or regeneration, topping up the oil level in the transformer or more simply to change the oil. The oil testing into the loop can then assess the impact of these operations on its electrostatic behavior.
Screening of transformers under suspicion ("suspect pair"): specific patterns of dissolved gases in oil, electric discharge activities (detected by acoustic sensors) are all factors suggesting an electrostatic hazard in a transformer. Some pressboards and oils coming from these transformers have been studied for contribution to their supervision. In what follows, an oil/pressboard couple will be qualified as "suspect pair" if at least one of the two dielectrics is coming from a suspect transformer.
Tools for studies of electrostatic behavior ("research pair"): the chemistry of pressboards and oils plays an important role in the electrostatic risk. In order to study it, pressboards whose chemistry is perfectly controlled and specially designed, and oils containing additives such as inhibitors and BTA, have been studied in the loop for the understanding of electrostatic mechanisms.
As soon as the oil starts to flow, a charge is generated at the interface. Positive charges in the oil are carried away by the flow and induce the streaming current which passes by a maximum value before reaching a steady state. In the same time, opposite charges are trapped inside the solid pressboard. The magnitude of the accumulation current increases and comes back more or less rapidly to zero. The surface potential increases, until reaching a steady state leakage current toward the grounded outlet and inlet ducts through paths along the interface. The dynamic of the transient state, the magnitude of the streaming current and the maximum value of the accumulation current depend on the oil/pressboard pair. When the oil flow is stopped, the continuous charge separation process stops at the interface and all solid charges leak to the ground. Accumulation current is then positive with negative leakage currents. It can be checked that the sum of the leakage (inlet and outlet), accumulation and streaming currents is equal to zero at all time.
Characteristic parameters considered as relevant with regard to flow electrification have been measured for several combinations of (new and used) oil/pressboard pairs. They depend on the studied pair, oil temperature and flow velocity. The principal studied parameters are:
Charge accumulation "Q", obtained from integration
Steady state streaming current.
The electrical equivalent circuit allows representing this measurement system (
Considering this circuit, the solid potential directly proportional to the solid accumulation charges depends on the generating current magnitude and the electrical properties of the solid/liquid couple.
After 10 years of tests and over hundred pairs of oil/pressboard expertise, the sensor has never allowed the production of electrostatic discharges and to reproduce the electrostatic hazards. The dimension of the sensor relative to power transformers is probably at the origin.
The potential on the surface pressboard (charge accumulation) is probably limited by the electrical insulation of the sensor, which is much lower than that encountered in practice. Anyway, the device allows comparing different oil/pressboard couples (
In the past reducing the oil flow rate has been one answer to the electrostatic hazard in high power transformers. However, its efficiency is not so evident considering the behavior of charge accumulation due to the increasing of oil temperature which inevitably occurs with flow rate reduction. And moreover, it does not also consider the premature aging of the cellulose and other materials due to higher temperature resulting of lower cooling.
Charge accumulation measurements for standard pairs and suspect pairs
Thanks to this capacitive sensor, the measurement of the accumulated charge allows assessment of power transformer behaviour towards flow electrification and electrostatic hazard. Such a sensor could be easily re-designed to be implemented on the oil circuit of a real high power transformer in order to monitor online the flow electrification hazards in the transformer.
Test loop to simulate oil flow (1: pump, 2: heat regulation, 3: flow meter, 4: oil tank, 5: relaxation vessel, 6: capacitor sensor).
Capacitor sensor and current measurements: 7: accumulation current, 8: upstream leakage current, 9: downstream leakage current, 10: streaming current (generating current).
Typical currents measured on the sensor for "low leakage impedance" configuration (flow rate 308 L/h, temperature 40 °C).
Electric equivalent circuit.
Current generator behaviors
Charge accumulation behaviors
Charge accumulation on the pressboard surface
Oil properties associated to
|Naphthenic Oil 1
|Naphthenic Oil 2
|Naphthenic Oil 3
|Paraffinic Oil 4
|Paraffinic Oil 5


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Johnsongrass Mosaic Virus (JGMV) - DAS ELISA Home Products Testing Services Supplies Contact Us
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Specificity: This test system shows no cross-reaction with maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). There is also no cross-reaction found with other potyviruses tested, such as lettuce mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus, potato virus A, potato virus Y, soybean mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus 2, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus. No cross reaction is found with healthy grasses, maize, sorghum, or sugarcane plant tissues in this test. Background is very low on all of the negative control wells including buffer well..
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Reference: 1. Ford, Tosic and Shukla, 1989, CMI/AAB Descr. Pl.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Nice short cruise out of Galveston: Carnival Triumph Cruise Review by jackson2000
Overall Member Rating
Nice short cruise out of Galveston
Destination: Western Caribbean
Embarkation: Galveston
Saturday 11/24/2012, my husband, two friends and I arrived at the Galveston cruise terminal at 11 am and boarded the Triumph 12:30 pm. We headed for the Lido deck for lunch. Everything on the salad bar was nearly frozen and the other items on the buffet were not that good. The sandwich bar was the best. At dinner, my husband and I enjoyed a good steak and escargot. My friends ordered lasagna and it was cold. The nightly show was More ok.
Sunday 11/25/2012, on our first full day at sea, the breakfast bar food on the lido deck was ok but it was really crowded. The grits were cold. The music played pool side was terrible. There was too much bass and it was so bad we did not want to hang around. The bass was finally fixed on the third day. We enjoyed playing miniature golf. The ship seemed more crowded than my other cruises. I think that was because there were fewer activities. The music at the pool area was excessively loud and it was very crowded. Lots of kids were running wild. I cannot believe they were not in school. We ate lunch in the formal dining room. The rainbow trout was tasty. We enjoyed tasty pina colada as well. Formal dinner was great. The Lobster, prime rib and stuffed mushrooms were great.
Monday 11/26/2012, on our second full day, we arrived in Progreso, Mexico at 7 am. We ate breakfast at the lido buffet. It was a repeat of items from the previous two days. My husband, two friends and I took the Carnival Uxmal Maya city shore excursion. We usually get our own excursion at the pier after we get off the ship but this long excursion took up the entire time at port and we did not want to risk being late back to the ship. The excursion cost $79 each and was worth each penny. As we boarded the nice tour bus we were given a snack lunch. It was pretty scary so we put it under the seat and forgot about it. After a 90 minute bus ride we arrived at Uxmal. A tour guide spent about 45 minutes with us then we were allowed 2 hours and 15 minutes to the tour the Maya city on our own. The architecture was beautiful and there were many structures. We were allowed to climb one of the two pyramid structures. There is a small but clean shopping area with nice restrooms. We did not eat at the restaurant but it looked nice. We have been to Tulum and another smaller Maya city in Belize. Tulum was very nice but Uxmal is a bit larger. Everyone arrived back at the ship around 3 pm. Lunch was crowded and the buffet lines were longer. There was no formal show that night.
Tuesday 11/27/2012, on our third full day, we arrived in Cozumel, Mexico. We ate breakfast at the lido buffet. It was a repeat of items from the previous three days. My husband, two friends and I took the Carnival Fury Catamaran/snorkel excursion when we were in Cozumel. The cost was $69 each. It was slow to get off the ship then get to the shore excursion on time. The Catamaran crew was friendly. We snorkeled at only one spot a short distance to the ship then took a 30 minute ride to a private beach. The nice beach area had water trampolines, kayaks, water slides, beach chairs and hammocks. On the beach they served beer, margaritas and soda (included in the excursion price). The margaritas tasted like lemonade. After about an hour at the beach we reboarded the Catamaran and headed back to the ship. The photographer (a Johnny Depp want a be) showed us a picture that he had taken of us. The picture was good and cost $20 but we decided against buying the picture. The photographer became irritated, grabbed the picture and threw it to the side. That made us very uncomfortable and put a damper on the trip. We enjoyed the excursion but next time we will do what we have done several times in the past. We will walk through the market at the pier to the highway, walk across the street and get a full two hour snorkel excursion for $30. Dinner was good in the Paris dining room. There was a good magic show after dinner.
Wednesday 11/28/2012, was full day at sea. We ate breakfast at the lido buffet. It was a repeat of items from the previous four days. We ate lunch in the formal dining room and were disappointed with our meals. We spent a little time at the World's Way lounge on the Promenade deck. While sitting at the bar, we played some trivia games and listened to some Karaoke. Another passage spilled a drink and it took several minutes to clean up the mess. I was afraid someone would slip and fall. Someone at the bar finally wiped the mess up on the floor then went back to the bar and started swiping the bar top with the same cloth. We enjoyed playing bingo but did not win.
On Thursday 11/29/2012, we debarked the ship. Debarkation went very smooth. We kept our luggage in our room on Wednesday night so we were able to leave the ship at our leisure on our own schedule. Less
Published 01/02/13
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The door glass may separate from the glass lift channel. Our technicians tell us a front door glass channel kit is available to repair the door glass. The repair involves removing the door glass from the vehicle.
Problem Description and Possible Solution
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Dallas's best kept secret is located off 2330 W. Northwest Hwy, Dallas TX 75220 and situated directly on Restaurant Row. FREE Breakfast with Eggs Cooked-to-Order, FREE Happy Hour and the most comfortable beds on the planet set us apart from all the rest. Our full-service hotel also offers FREE wifi, FREE shuttle to and from both DFW and Love Field Airports and FREE parking. Visit Website
As West Texas' only four-star hotel, you'll find all the accommodations you would expect from a premiere resort hotel, including spacious guest rooms with beautiful furnishings and the most comfortable beds on the planet. Dine at the Shrimp Boat, our full-service restaurant, or enjoy a more relaxed experience at the Oasis Bar and Grill. Pamper yourself at the Getaway Spa & Salon, or work out the stress of the day in our fitness room featuring top of the line Precor equipment. Visit Website
When we say Affordable Luxury, we mean it. At the MCM Grandé you'll receive FREE hot breakfast with eggs cooked-to-order. Relax in Toby's lounge with FREE evening drinks, including premium. And watch the kids have the times of their lives enjoying our indoor/outdoor pools, indoor playground and miniature golf. Visit Website
Located in downtown Lubbock, we are within walking distance to Lubbock Memorial Civic Center and leading business and tourist attractions. Just 1 mile from the Texas Tech University campus, our full service hotel offers FREE shuttle service from the Lubbock International Airport, FREE wifi and plenty of meeting space. Our two-room suites feature FREE breakfast with eggs cooked-to-order and FREE happy hour. Visit Website
The MCM Eleganté Suites is a full service hotel featuring all two-room suites with the most comfortable beds on the planet. You'll find all the in-room accommodations you would expect from a premiere hotel, including a wet bar and refrigerator, microwave, coffee maker with gourmet coffee, two televisions and a full size sofa bed in every room. You'll also receive FREE breakfast with eggs cooked-to-order and FREE happy hour. Visit Website
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Stop Fundamentalism, 27 September – The National Council of Resistance of Iran, NCRI, released a statement today about 36 Mojahedin members who have been in captivity of the Iraqi forces for the past two month.
NCRI explained that while an Iraqi judge for the third time has vindicated them from all charges and ordered their release, the Iraqi police still refuse to let them free.
The detainees were taken in custody by Iraqi police during a raid on an Iranian refugee camp on June 28 in which 11 members of the camp were killed and over 500 wounded. Videos of the raid that show Iraqi police using chains, axes, and bulldozers to attack the unarmed civilians of this camp were distributed on YouTube and outraged the international community.
On today's statement, the NCRI called on the US forces in Iraq to immediately take back the 36 Ashraf residents kept without any justification.
Amnesty international also release a statement today, calling on the Nuri Al-Maliki government to unconditionally release the detainees.
Legal: All opinions stated are that of the Author and not this website's and its editor. Also as a policy, we do not use copyrighted content on our website. If you notice such content, please contact us and we will remove the copyrighted material within 10 working days.


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Washington • Veterans Affairs Secretary Eric Shinseki says he is "as mad as hell" over allegations of treatment delays and preventable deaths at a Phoenix veterans hospital.
"Any adverse event for a veteran within our care is one too many," Shinseki said at a Senate hearing Thursday on the Phoenix allegations and other problems at the VA. "We can, and we must do better."
Appearing before the panel amid calls from some Republicans and veterans groups to resign, Shinseki vowed to hold employees accountable for any misconduct.
Shinseki said he welcomes a White House review of his beleaguered department after allegations the Phoenix hospital maintained a secret waiting list to hide lengthy delays for sick veterans. A former clinic director says up to 40 veterans may have died while awaiting treatment at the Phoenix facility.


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The conversion of St. Scrooge
Essay: I have the suspicion that Pope Francis is a fan of Scrooge, the crusty, mean, emotionally gnarled miser of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
Essay: I have the suspicion that Pope Francis is a fan of Scrooge, the crusty, mean, emotionally gnarled miser of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
Viewpoint: During the Year of Mercy, Catholics can become better acquainted with God's mercy by deliberately encountering Islam, another religion that takes God's mercy as its central focus.
Viewpoint: As a Catholic who teaches courses on Islam, I'm interested in Muslim-Christian relations. Which makes Indonesia my favorite place for fieldwork.
Viewpoint: I never decided to be baptized, go to Catholic school, go to confession, go to Communion, get confirmed. It was who we were.
Viewpoint: Two billion people lack access to essential medicines that would alleviate their suffering or even save their lives, resulting in 10 million deaths each year.
Bernie Sanders is a climber -- not a social climber, for sure, but a poll climber, rising steadily as his unapologetic liberalism attracts donors with money and supporters with zeal. Within hours of announcing his campaign for the presidency, $1.5 million poured in, most of that in small sums, and 175,000 volunteers signed up. Polls now show him besting Hillary Clinton, with the rest of the Democratic field gasping in the air of irrelevance.
Viewpoint: There is a case for allowing divorced and remarried Catholics, in certain cases, to continue to receive the sacraments. Valid issues on both sides need to be addressed.
Viewpoint: The United Nations' sustainable development goals seek to moderate rather than transform the economic development model that has caused potentially catastrophic environmental harm.
During the coming months leading up to the October Synod of Bishops on the family, the participants will be wrestling with the issue of denial of Eucharist to divorced and remarried Catholics. It is important that their reflection take its direction from the right starting place. Otherwise, the process and its outcome could be skewed from the outset.
I would suggest that they should begin, not from abstract concepts, nor from present canon law, but rather from evidence of a sentiment widely shared among church members around the globe.
Pope Francis has called for new ways for the journey of faith of the pilgrim people of God. By exercising the collegiality envisioned by the Second Vatican Council, he has encouraged the Synod of Bishops on the family to participate in open discussions on the various issues. As we await the second session of this synod, it seems particularly valuable to benefit from the 2014 document issued by the International Theological Commission, "Sensus Fidei in the Life of the Church."


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|From: Benjamin L. Russell (dekudekuplex at yahoo.com)
Date: Mon Feb 4 22:20:42 EST 2008
I have read part of that book as well. Somewhat similarly to SICP, CTM starts out at an elementary level, and rapidly becomes more challenging. My impression was that CTM is an updated, multi-paradigm version of SICP covering similar topics at a similar level of difficulty. It seems to assume a similar level of logical sophistication as SICP. The chapters in CTM apparently aim to be as complete as possible, at the expense of at least sometimes being quite verbose, unlike SICP, which is comparatively succinct but occasionally leaves out important details of some exercises. Some of the chapters in CTM can be very long, and the book is quite thick. The book seems to adopt the approach of leaving no academic stone unturned. The book adopts a highly academic approach, quite similarly to SICP. One difficulty that I had in following that book was the lack of a good tutorial for Oz on the Mozart/Oz Web site. Oz, unlike Scheme, has a so-called "kernel language," to which the rest of the full Oz language can be reduced. The rest of the language is just syntactic sugar for this kernel language. I witnessed at least one case in which a subtle semantic question about the Oz language was explained on the mozart-users mailing list in terms of this kernel language. However, compared to the syntactic sugar, this kernel language can be more difficult to understand. Recently, I heard that the constraint-based music composition system Strasheela (http://strasheela.sourceforge.net/strasheela/doc/) contains a significantly easier to follow tutorial than the official Oz tutorial. Benjamin L. Russell --- Mark Engelberg <mark.engelberg at gmail.com> wrote: > I have read it, and found it to be delightful. It > is my favorite "survey of > programming paradigms" textbook. I feel like I'm > relatively knowledgable > about these topics, and I still learned quite a bit. > > Things that stood out to me (keeping in mind it's > been a few years since > I've read it): > 1. Really drives home the philosophy that > programming languages should be > designed in layers, where you can write most of your > code in a layer that is > easy to understand, but perhaps somewhat limited > (e.g., functional > programming), using other layers as needed when the > extra expressiveness is > truly necessary (e.g., stateful programming). > 2. A running theme is that a designer of programming > languages should create > these layers by adding the minimum features > necessary at the kernel language > level to gain new expressiveness (I think they > actually quoted Matthias on > this language design principle). Then, once certain > ways of using the new > features becomes standard, add the necessary > syntactic sugar to the language > to support that way of doing things. > 3. I've never used a language based around so-called > logic variables. I > found it really fascinating to see all the clever > ways they can be used. > That whole aspect of Mozart was new to me. > 4. Great discussion of several different types of > concurrency. Interesting > discussion about how concurrency and state are > connected in terms of what > they can express. > 5. Nice comparison of OO vs. more functional ways of > doing ADTs. > 6. Overview of distributed programming (I wish this > part were more in-depth, > but I liked what content was there). > 7. Good illustration of declarative-style GUI > programming. Interestingly, > GUI frameworks have converged on this style since > when I read the book > (Silverlight, Flex, Laszlo), so now it's not such a > novel idea to me. > 8. I love the way Mozart does records. > 9. I liked the brief explanation of how computation > spaces can be used to do > deduction/backtracking programs. It got me > interested enough to read other > articles and books on the subject. > > --Mark > > On Feb 4, 2008 7:47 AM, Grant Rettke > <grettke at acm.org> wrote: > > > Has anyone read the book 'Concepts, Techniques, > and Models of Computer > > Programming' by > > Peter Van Roy and Seif Haridi? > > > > What is your take on it? > > _________________________________________________ > > For list-related administrative tasks: > > > http://list.cs.brown.edu/mailman/listinfo/plt-scheme > > > > _________________________________________________ > For list-related administrative tasks: > > http://list.cs.brown.edu/mailman/listinfo/plt-scheme >
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Letters to the Editor – December 2006
Need Clear Vision
Well done on the editorial this month ("Skies Cloudy All Day," October). I totally agree with you regarding the lack of clear vision for our GPS future. And I'm not saying there is not vision at the Air Force, but the GPS programs must be backed by the full Congress and its funding. We must put government funding behind that vision to make it a reality. When we as U.S. citizens say GPS is critical to our national security, and even our livelihood more and more each day, we must back that with the bucks to keep it healthy and strong as the utility that it has become.
– Ellen Hall
President, Spirent Federal Systems Inc.
NDGPS Killer App
This is in response to the October 2006 letter "NDGPS Budget" by Tim Smith and the reply by Erik Gakstatter. There will be a killer application for NDGPS, for ground vehicles to know their position precisely to the meter, especially in the urban canyon setting where satellite reception can be very poor. This effort is spearheaded by the Department of Transportation (DOT) for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In addition, the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) consortium consists of several state agencies, automobile manufacturers, and vendors to implement vehicle-to-vehicle-to-roadside communications via Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). The primary purpose is to enhance vehicle safety using communications for collision avoidance, signal violation warning, near instantaneous traffic information, and road hazard warnings. In this case accurate GPS positioning is very important and where NDGPS can fill the need. Secondary purposes are to provide a wide range of applications starting with local electronic signage, navigation aids, traveler information, electronic payments (fuel, parking, tollway), ramp metering, and a wide variety of potential consumer applications in the vehicle.
The article "Safe in Traffic" in the very same issue of GPS World describes the whole project and the use of GPS for ground vehicle transportation, but not the need for accurate GPS positioning which could be provided by NDGPS.
– Neal W. Probert
President, ProbeStar Technical Systems
WAAS in the East
Could you please tell me when WAAS will be up and running in Eastern Canada?
– Kenneth Lewis
Government of New Brunswick
Editor's Reply: There have been some changes due to geostationary satellite repositioning. See the web page of the University of New Brunswick's Wide Area Augmentation System Monitoring Station and the Federal Aviation Administration's "New WAAS GEO Status as of 11/9/06" PDF file.


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Many young stars from Africa, Asia and South America are snapped up early as local talent from domestic leagues can be expensive.
Fifa President Sepp Blatter last year condemned what he called the "social and economic rape" by European giants as they scour the developing world for talent.
And Jim Boyce, head of Uefa's youth and amateur committee, told BBC World Service's World Football programme that he believed players should be allowed to develop in the countries they live.
"The Arsenal youth team has only two or three English players, the rest of these kids are foreign players - this is the problem at the moment with national associations finding out that so many of their best players are playing abroad," he said.
"I don't think that at sixteen or seventeen these lads can handle the pressures and that's why so many of them fall by the wayside."
The pressures on young players have increased in many ways over recent years.
Top European clubs are keen to bring them in early to prevent having to pay millions for them later.
Meanwhile, many become instant media darlings should they score a good goal. This further raises their potential marketable status - and therefore cash value - in the eyes of agents, who are keen to get them the best deal.
"You have agents and parents and youngsters who are looking for the money and this has dominated the scene," he said.
He added that Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, one of the most successful had said "when I look for a young player I want a player who can come and play here every week in front of 67,000 people and like it."
"In that one statement he says everything," Roxburgh added.
"Those with weak minds in a sporting sense will never play in a champion's league final. You have to be mentally very tough."
Roxburgh also said that when asked, young players said they actually wanted a coach who was "honest" - but that he had never heard coaches talk about that.
"I've never heard anyone say the first quality is that they need to be honest with young players, but that's what young players want, someone who's extremely open and honest with them," he stressed.
"They need to be approachable, a father figure who can motivate them and stimulate them, especially when they're down."
"They desperately want a one to one relationship."
No criticism
Generally, an approach which focuses on the individual, rather than the team, has been found to be more important in youth development.
Nowhere is this more evident than in Holland, which has a long and famous tradition of grooming talent from youth academies.
"We easily forget that we are dealing with individuals so we have to treat them as individuals," Wim van Zwam - the Dutch national youth coach, told World Football.
"Maybe that's one of the main reasons that we have always produced great players - we care for the individual in Holland."
But he added that it was dangerous for young talents who too often are only given praise.
Often young footballers can be lauded as international material after one or two good games. But van Zwam said that this was counterproductive.
"In many ways people create problems with these young players because they're always giving them accolades and awards and medals," he said,
"They often get them before they're ready to cope with that. This is why I think in children's football there shouldn't be cups and medals."
The dilemma coaches face is how to build a player's sense of self confidence without creating a monster ego in the process.
"They don't like to be criticised," Roxburgh said.
"In the old days you accepted criticism, that it was there to help you, nowadays if young players are criticised, they react negatively."


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Media chiefs plot the road ahead
Page Tools
Media companies cannot hold back on the news they produce even if that impacts their business prospects in government-regulated markets such as China, Time Warner chairman and chief executive Richard Parsons says.
"I don't think you can compromise ... news either has integrity or it doesn't," Parsons said.
"It either is accurate, balanced and fair or it isn't."
Parsons was joined by News Corporation chairman and chief executive Rupert Murdoch and Sony head Howard Stringer for a panel on global media at the Clinton Global Initiative, a New York conference organised by the former US president to tackle issues including poverty and religious strife.
Parsons was responding to a question from Clinton about a case in which Yahoo was accused by a journalists' watchdog group of turning over information that led to the imprisonment of a Chinese journalist to gain favour with the government of a country that is a potential Internet usage gold mine.
Murdoch said Yahoo should have stood firm.
"Should Yahoo have betrayed a source like that? ... I think they were wrong."
The panelists' discussion was wide-ranging, from the impetus to invest in media in other countries to the long-term survival of the evening news broadcast format.
Murdoch, whose holdings include Fox News Channel, said he thought the format would be around for a while, despite the decline in viewership the US networks have suffered.
"I believe that at least there will always be a national news service on one or two networks at least," he said.
"It will take a long, long time for it to die, if it ever does."
The gathering of media moguls was not without some barbed remarks.
Parsons opened by praising CNN's global efforts, saying he thought CNN was the best-positioned company in the world.
Murdoch didn't quite agree.
"I don't think he watches CNN International and I don't think anyone else does because it is so unwatchable and it's so anti-American," he said.
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33-11631 - 2CH and 5.1 Compatible Digital to Analog (D/A) Converter
Digital to Analog Converter
Compact device accepts either TOSLINK or coaxial digital audio input, and converts it to left/right analog line level output. It's perfect when connecting televisions, DVD and Blu-ray players to audio equipment that lacks the necessary...
Mfr Name: Stellar Labs
Mfr Number: 33-11631
33-12740 - HDMI to TOSLINK Adapter - Audio Extractor
HDMI Audio Extractor
The Stellar Labs HDMI audio extractor, extracts the audio signal from an HDMI input and outputs it through a Toslink or digital coaxial output so the signal can independently be routed to a sound system.
Mfr Number: 33-12740
33-11632 - HDMI Audio Extractor with L/R Analog and Toslink Output
HDMI Audio Extractor
Compact device connects in line with an HDMI signal and provides selectable analog or digital output. It is perfect when an audio signal needs to be fed to a sound system, and only HDMI signal is available.
It is great for feeding audio fro...
Mfr Number: 33-11632
33-12705 - Toslink To Toslink And Spdif Digital Converter / Splitter
Toslink To Toslink And Spdif Digital Converter / Splitter Highly versatile device converts digital audio between TOSLINK and coaxial format. Also includes a TOSLINK repeater. to allow tapping a TOSLINK source off to a SPDIF input.
Mfr Number: 33-12705
83-14407 - Pi View - HDMI to VGA Converter - For the Raspberry PI board
A high quality, convenient and compact device that converts digital HDMI signals from Raspberry Pi into the analog signals required by the widely used VGA computer displays still commonly in use.
Mfr Name: Distributed By MCM
Mfr Number: 2133899
82-16875 - SDI to HDMI Signal Converter
Ideal video converter for public view security monitors. Use an HD-SDI camera to output the HD video signal to the HDMI input on any HD LCD/LED monitor and watch the video come alive with the same HD resolution you've come to expect from your wide screen 720p TV.
Mfr Name: Defender Security
Mfr Number: 82-16875
33-11625 - VGA Video plus L/R Analog Audio to HDMI Converter
VGA + Audio to HDMI Converter
Compact converter accepts VGA video and L/R audio signal from most PC's or laptops, and converts them to HDMI. Perfect for connecting computer to the high definition input of most televisions, monitors and projectors. Use for viewing...
Mfr Number: 33-11625
33-12700 - Digtal To Analog Converter Universal D/A Converter
Universal Digital / Analog Audio Converter
Highly versatile device will convert stereo audio signal between digital and analog formats. It accepts analog L/R line level signal OR digital audio from either coax or TOSLINK source, and provides analog L/R line level...
Mfr Number: 33-12700
33-11680 - HDMI Analog And Toslink Audio Inserter
HDMI Audio Inserter
High quality interface allows a separate audio signal to be inserted into an HDMI feed. This can be very useful in multimedia or digital signage presentations, as well as specialized home theater environments where audio is provided externall...
Mfr Number: 33-11680
80-8500 - Digital to Analog Converter Toslink SPDIF to Line Level
Digital to Analog Audio Converter
A compact and clean converter for allowing you to connect standard analog audio equipment to sources that only have digital connections.
Mfr Name: FiiO Electronics
Mfr Number: D03K
33-11685 - HDMI Audio Extractor with Toslink, Analog 2.1 and 7.1 Output
HDMI Audio Extractor
High quality interface allows a audio signal to be taken from an existing HDMI line and sent to a variety of destination input types. This can be very useful in commercial sound systems where audio may need to be taken from and HDMI feed as ...
Mfr Number: 33-11685
33-11645 - VGA Plus USB Stereo Audio to HDMI Converter
VGA + USB to HDMI Converter Compact self contained device provides high quality HDMI A/V output from most PC's or laptops. It accepts VGA video signal from the computers HD15 connector, and 2CH digital audio from the USB port, and provides HDMI signal up to 1080...
Mfr Name: Pro Signal
Mfr Number: PSG03771
33-10720 - Video Scaler 720P HDMI from Composite or S-Video.
Use your composite and S-video equipment with HDMI televisions, switches, receivers and more Converts analog signals to digital Basic up-scaling to 720P at 60 MHz Syncs audio and video channels Also works with any HDMI to DVI adapter
Mfr Number: 33-10720
33-12060 - VGA Video plus L/R Analog Audio to HDMI Scaler / Converter
VGA to HDMI Format Converter
The HSC16 converts a PC VGA and Audio to HDMI, with the benefit of
connecting the PC to a 1080p HDTV. The converter will support multiple
resolutions up to 1920 x 1080 @ 60Hz.
Mfr Name: CE Labs
Mfr Number: HSC16
83-14169 - HDMI To Composite Video with Audio Converter
Convert an HDMI® signal with supporting audio to work with legacy composite video televisions and displays.
Mfr Name: Startech
Mfr Number: HD2VID
Purchasing was easy, shipping was fast and the items were packed well.


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She is a very talented brunette actress.Click here to see Paula Abdul nude!
Paula Abdul has been (or will be) noticed in "Bratz: The Movie" (2007) as , "Less Than Perfect" (2005) as Kathleen, "That's So Raven" (2004) as Undercover Judge, "Mr. Rock 'n' Roll: The Alan Freed Story" (1999) as Denise Walton, "The Wayans Bros." (1999) as Sasha, "The Waiting Game" (1998) as Amy Fuentes, "Touched by Evil" (1997) as Ellen Collier, "Coca Cola Pop Music Backstage Pass to Summer" (1991) as Performer, "Can't Buy Me Love" (1987) as Dancer, "Junior High School" (1978) as Lori Sherry
Here they go. Some are less, some more naked. We have few more pictures, but becouse of limited server space, we could not place all of her photos. But we will do it in future! So be patient. And be careful! You never know when the most sexy photo will show up here.
Yes... we know. We wish there were more naked photos of Paula Abdul. All our hope in those paparazzi guys! Please visit us again in some time.


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Beaded Choker - Mystics Star : gilliauna - ArtFire Jewelry
A detailed five-point star in pewter engraved with tribal design hangs from a fully beaded strand of seedbeads and misty purple pearls in this handmade choker. The lobster claw clasp at the nape hooks to a matching silver plated chain that allows this handmade necklace to be worn tight enough to be a choker or loose enough to lie against the chest while a small matching bead bauble at the end of the chain gives an extra bit of a decorative touch. Length: Adjusts between 16.5" - 18.75" in length (42 cm - 47.5 cm)
A beautiful genuine amethyst meditation necklace for those of the Pagan path.Tags: jewelry, handmade, necklaces, beaded, rosary, season, amethyst gemstone, prayer beads, meditation beadAdded 7 Years Ago from Artfire
A tree of life necklace filled with pagan symbolism and detailed accentsTags: jewelry, necklaces, rosary, tree of life, prayer beads, meditation bead, pentagram pentacle, goddess charm, pagan jewelleryAdded 7 Years Ago from Artfire


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Tennessee Code Annotated
Title 65: Public Utilities and Carriers
Chapter 1: Tennessee Regulatory Authority
Chapter 2: Procedure Before the Tennessee Regulatory Authority
Chapter 3: Regulation of Railroads by Department of Transportation
Chapter 4: Regulation of Public Utilities by Authority
Chapter 5: Regulation of Rates
Chapter 6: Railroads Powers Construction and Maintenance
Chapter 7: Subscription to Railroad Stock by Counties and Municipalities
Chapter 8: Purchase and Sale of Railroads
Chapter 9: Consolidation of Railroads
Chapter 10: Liens on Railroad Property
Chapter 11: Highway Crossings
Chapter 12: Operation of Railroads
Chapter 13: Duties of Railroads to Passengers [Repealed]
Chapter 14: Terminal Companies
Chapter 15: Motor Carriers
Chapter 16: Street and Interurban Railroads. [Repealed.]
Chapter 18: Incline Railroad Companies
Chapter 19: Ridesharing
Chapter 20: Miscellaneous Provisions Relating to Carriers
Chapter 21: Telegraphs and Telephones
Chapter 22: Light, Heat and Power Companies
Chapter 23: State Rural Electrification Authority
Chapter 24: Electric Membership Corporations [Repealed]
Chapter 25: Electric Cooperatives
Chapter 26: Gas Companies
Chapter 27: Water and Waterworks Companies
Chapter 28: Pipeline Corporations
Chapter 29: Telephone Cooperatives
Chapter 30: Radio Common Carriers
Chapter 31: Underground Utility Damage Prevention Act
Chapter 32: Utilities' Cut-off Procedures Act
Chapter 33: Installment Payment of Fuel Bills
Chapter 34: Geographic Territories of Electric Utility Systems
Chapter 35: Fraud, Theft or Destruction of Property
Chapter 36: Equal Powers and Authority Act
Chapter 37: Pricing & Bundling of Telecommunications Services


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Alec Baldwin Says Suspended MSNBC Show May Not Come Back
Alec Baldwin says that his MSNBC show may not come back after the network suspended him for berating a photographer with a gay slur.
"Whether the show comes back at all is at issue right now," Baldwin wrote in a blog post on Saturday, a day after the cable network shut down "Up Late" for two weeks on the heels of a video — published by TMZ — that showed Baldwin confronting photographers camped outside his apartment. "If the show dies, its fate ends up being no different than the vast majority of start-up TV programming, and so be it."
Photo Credit: Getty Images


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FORT HOOD — Families waving banners and snapping photos packed the Bronco Youth Center on Monday to welcome home 119 soldiers from the 59th Mobility Augmentation Company, 8th Engineer Battalion, 36th Engineer Brigade.
The soldiers spent nine months in Afghanistan on a route clearance mission.
"They did an outstanding job," said Lt. Col. Kenneth N. Reed, battalion commander. "It was a remarkable performance."
Tom and Tracy Blair traveled from Pennsylvania to welcome home their son, 1st Lt. Andrew Blair. Along with them, they brought their younger son, Matthew, an Army ROTC cadet at Pennsylvania State University, and Andrew Blair's girlfriend, Sarah Losen.
"It's been tense," Tracy Blair said. This is the lieutenant's first deployment, and his parents waited anxiously for his return, fearing the worst every time they heard about a casualty overseas.
"The first thing he wants to do is make a homemade pizza," Tracy Blair said with a laugh, adding her son loves to cook.
The family plans to spend Thanksgiving together.
During the deployment, Losen took advantage of her time, pursuing her career in graphic design.
At times, it was difficult with little communication, she said. "You want to give him a little piece of home," Losen said. But now, the couple of six years is ready to settle down and make Texas their home for the time-being.
As Andrew Blair hugged his family members, his brother, Matthew, said he was following in the same path. In six months, he will be commissioned as a second lieutenant, continuing the family tradition of service.
"I feel happy ... and relieved," said Tracy Blair as she wiped away tears, delighted to have her family reunited.


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Skip navigation.
OKLAHOMA CITY - The Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education today approved the fiscal year 2014 institutional budget for Northwestern Oklahoma State University. The 2014 fiscal year begins July 1.
Dr. Janet Cunningham, university president, appeared before the Regents to outline Northwestern's budget proposal. Northwestern's governing board, the Regional University System of Oklahoma, gave its approval to the budget last week.
Northwestern's primary operating budget for next year is $25,176,787, about 4.2 percent larger than the current budget.
University officials were faced with several mandatory cost increases in next year's budget, including a 13 percent increase in health insurance premiums for employees. Other mandatory cost increases were seen in risk management premiums, unfunded pension liability and rising costs in information technology.
To produce a workable budget that provided for appropriate levels of academic and student services, a tuition increase of $9.50 per credit hour was approved, bringing the cost of tuition and mandatory fees to $173 per credit hour.
"Decisions to raise tuition are difficult," Cunningham said. "Unfortunately, operational costs continue to far outpace state allocations. In order to maintain academic quality and an appropriate level of services to students, the only option was to change tuition rates.
"We are operating today on fewer state dollars than we were in fiscal year 2007. Virtually everything needed to operate a university costs more today than it did back then. We have and will continue to look for methods to operate more efficiently. An example of that is our Rent-A-Text program that saves many students hundreds of dollars per year in textbook costs."
Despite the increase, tuition and fee costs remain well below the peer limit for regional universities. Northwestern also increased room rates on university housing by $50 per semester and approved a $40 per semester increase in its most popular meal plans to cover the rising cost of food.
In the fall of 2012, U.S. News and World Report credited Northwestern with having the most affordable campus living rates in the nation.
For the average student who enrolls in 30 credit hours of courses per year, lives in a semi-private room in campus housing, and has a 15-meal per week campus dining plan, the cost of attendance for an academic year is $9,150. Scholarships and other forms of financial aid can lower that cost significantly.
"For most families, college costs come down to a bottom line," Cunningham said. "When you compare all of the costs associated with college attendance, we are clearly a value."
MISSION STATEMENT: Northwestern Oklahoma State University provides quality educational and cultural opportunities to learners with diverse needs by cultivating ethical leadership and service, critical thinking and fiscal responsibility.


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New Coen Brothers Trailer Online
A Serious Man gets a sneak peek
There's a new trailer online for A Serious Man, the latest film from those only semi-serious filmmakers, Joel and Ethan Coen. And it's not like your normal trailer, looping sound and dialogue to give the impression that DJ Shadow cut it together. We expect the dance remix any minute.
The film's set in 1967 and tells the story of Larry Gopnik (MIchael Stuhlbarg), a Jewish academic who's up for tenure and facing a series of personal crises. His wife (Sari Wagner Lennick) wants a divorce so she can marry his colleague (Fred Melamed); his brother (Richard Kind) is living on his sofa and his children are stealing from him. He looks for advice from three different rabbis, but doesn't get exactly what he's looking for.
A Serious Man is out on November 20 here, on the same day as Soderbergh's The Informant!, making it a very good week for fans of indie filmmakers.


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The project has been
Pet Rock Star
] [
Last Update: 07:00:01 11/18/2004
Additional Info
First Fetched: 00:18:01 01/31/2004
Last Updated: 07:00:01 11/18/2004
I'm So Proud of My Boys
Just because I'm a super-slackass musician doesn't mean everyone else is -- and thank goodness for that. Brad Sucks has been blowing it up with his Outside the Inbox compilation, getting mad press and even madder traffic, I'm betting. I'm...
20:14:42 October 21, 2003, Tuesday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Suggestions Needed
The new site will be launched right around the end of them month, and there's going to be some considerable rearranging going on. Even though I know it's probably frowned upon, there will be some actual organization changes, files renamed,...
04:07:53 October 21, 2003, Tuesday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
The high point of my day was arguing with the "Sandwich Artist" at Subway about how bad their iced tea is. Me: I'll take a large iced tea... oh, nevermind, your tea is... uh, I'll take a Dr. Pepper. SA:...
18:50:32 October 20, 2003, Monday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Friday Night Fights
So, I know I haven't been around in a while. Been writing, mostly. Trying to get the new website finished. And playing on the Xbox, of course. I figured if I was gonna be gone so long, I should have...
22:54:29 October 18, 2003, Saturday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Wow, What a Bargain!
Via JWalk, this gem of a deal from amazon.com -- a million dollar Keytronics keyboard! Like JWalk, I think the user reviews are the best part: I bought one of these a while back expecting to be amazed by its...
17:08:52 September 20, 2003, Saturday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Jenna & Jackson
Apparently, guitar enthusiasts everywhere will totally be able to relate to a new ad campaign by Jackson Guitars, featuring porn star Jenna Jameson (just a biography, no boobies - and I particularly love the fact they call her a "natural...
16:25:12 September 20, 2003, Saturday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
I Get It, I Get It
D: Hey, the cigarette lighter adapter for my CD player! Me: Isn't the lighter broken in your truck? D: It's either burned out, or I need fuse. Me: Well, the lighter in my car works. D: ... Me: What? D:...
15:06:11 September 20, 2003, Saturday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Redesign in Progress
Sneak peek is here. Considering there's still work undone from the last redesign I did, I'm going to wait until everything is completely finished before I actually change anything. I'm making progress, though, and expect to be finished by the...
05:16:24 September 19, 2003, Friday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Shibby! (Whatever That Means)
click for larger view So my brother sent me this picture of himself in his Class A uniform or whatever. And now I feel like I have to go to church for the first time in like 20 years because...
23:12:32 September 15, 2003, Monday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Server Move
Okay, there's been quite a bit of weirdness 'round here, apparently due to some thing about resolving and IP addresses and Moveable Type that I don't really understand. But some entries had the same number or something and so now...
22:32:46 September 15, 2003, Monday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Phil Ringnalda: yeah, the RIAA should ban broadband, they could solve all their problems...
06:11:51 September 13, 2003, Saturday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Johnny Cash Dies at 71
There's no tribute more eloquent than Cash's own "Hurt" video. I'm not sure I'll ever be able to watch it again....
16:18:16 September 12, 2003, Friday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
2 a.m.
Scott's really starting to outdo himself....
13:27:12 September 11, 2003, Thursday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Your Crap on the Web
Call me crazy, call me elitist -- but I would never pay anyone to do anything for me if they had a site designed this badly. I just don't get it. How can someone ask for hundreds of dollars for...
13:22:26 September 11, 2003, Thursday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star
Coolest Band EVAR
For real. You have to hear this shit. 386DX, cyberpunk-rock. Songs recorded on a 386 DX with 4 MB of RAM, using synchronized text-to-speech and sythesized MIDI. If you don't pee your pants laughing while listening to their version of...
04:43:09 September 11, 2003, Thursday (PDT)
Pet Rock Star


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With our polka dots reversible double face satin ribbon, you will receive two polka dot patterns in one—the reverse pattern is on the other side. Please allow approximately 3 - 4 weeks to ship
General Shipment Timing GuidelineThis product takes about 4 weeks before we are ready to ship not including ship time to your area from JKM's facility.
(Product Characteristic: Satin Print) / (Fabric Content: 60% Nylon 40% Polyester)


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Active Tags
Click tags to the right to narrow your search. Unclick tags to remove.
Sir Bondage and the Amazons— One tale from the Adventures of Sir Bondage Grey.
Please, separate your tags with comma: anal orgasm, oral sex.
Read the Literotica Story Tag FAQ for more information on these tags.


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Kelly Rowland and Her Baby Bump Spotted Shopping in West Hollywood
Kelly Rowland and her baby bump to stun West Hollywood in all sorts of super casual, cut-off pieces of clothing.Leave it to
The former Destiny's Child, and pop star in her own right, was spotted shopping on Robertson Blvd over the weekend, making a few stops that included makeup extraordinaire MAC.
Of course, she was wearing a t-shirt featuring Marilyn Monroe and missing sleeves, which gave the world a peak at her growing belly.
The 33-year-old and her new husband Tim Witherspoon are expecting their first child together. It's the first for either of them and they've yet to officially announce when we should be expecting the bundle of joy.


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A FORMER financial director, accused of plundering almost £170,000 from company funds, fought back tears as he explained told how he had ended up in debt.
Giving evidence at Bournemouth Crown Court, Christopher Graeme Brown said he had felt pressurised to live beyond his means after his then-wife Mandy discovered he had been making gay chatline phone calls and threatened to expose his sexuality.
He said: "She took exception; I was desperate not to leave the family so I got into this financial mess."
Brown, 54, of Grafton Gardens, Lymington, denies four counts of theft from Dawsons in Poole Road, Westbourne, spanning a four-year period.
He said his "excessive spending" had included private education and university bills, hotel expenses, a Florida holiday home and dining out, adding: "I knew I was going into debt; it was impossible to discuss it with Mandy. I must sound like a terribly weak person," he said.
After the couple broke up in June 2003 Brown said he had gone to France where his male partner had bought bed and breakfast accommodation.
Brown is alleged to have paid 56 company cheques into his own account to pay off his credit card bills. After being confronted, the father-of-one resigned in November 2003.
However, he insisted that he had repaid around £120,000 over a two-year period.
Defence barrister Brian Sharman said: "You are charged with stealing money from Dawsons. Did you?"
Brown replied: "No, I borrowed the money."
Kevin Dawson, whose great-grandfather formed Dawsons in 1927, said there had been a turnover of between £1.5million and £2m in 2000.
He said: "Graeme introduced the computer system; we left it to him to tick all the boxes for an audited account at the end of each financial year and he did the banking. We were very good friends.
He had a great knack of being quite evasive, making me feel uncomfortable in my own family business."
The court heard how a European Arrest Warrant had been issued to force Brown to return to the UK.
The case continues.


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On View
Lidded box (cista)
Unknown artist, Etruscan
Lidded box (cista), late 4th - mid 3rd century BCE
Height: 29.5 cm (11 5/8 inches)
Gift of Mrs. Gustav Radeke 06.014
The frieze on this cosmetic box is reminiscent of those found on Attic oil jars of the fourth and third centuries BCE. The gesture of the frieze's main female figure, wearing only sandals and touching her veil, is associated with both marriage and death, while the bath being poured is appropriate for both bridal and funerary contexts. The presence of the god Mercury in his role as conductor of souls indicates a transition for the main figure. In the ancient Greek world, marriage was viewed as a symbolic death, and the marriage ceremony mimicked funeral rites. Thus the box may have been either a wedding gift or a burial offering.


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10 Life Lessons Kids Learn at the West Side Nut Club Fall Fest #FallFestEVV
Ahhh, the West Side Nut Club Fall Festival. It's a time and place where even the older generations can feel like a kid again. But, do you realize how many life lessons the younger ones learn from the Fall Fest? If you are a parent, and you don't teach your kids these things shhhhaaaaame on you!


text: Preparing for your appointment By Mayo Clinic Staff Print If you have signs or symptoms of a perforated eardrum, you're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or general practitioner. However, your doctor may refer you to a specialist in ear, nose and throat (ENT) disorders (ENT physician, or otolaryngologist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can doMake a list ahead of time that you can share with your doctor. Your list should include: Symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to hearing loss, fluid discharge or other ear-related symptoms Relevant events that may be related to your ear problems, such as a history of ear infections, recent injuries or recent air travel Medications, including any vitamins or supplements you're taking Questions for your doctor If you think you have signs or symptoms of a ruptured eardrum, you may want to ask your doctor some of the following questions. Do I have a ruptured eardrum? What else could be causing my hearing loss and other symptoms? If I have a ruptured eardrum, what do I need to do to protect my ear during the healing process? What type of follow-up appointments will I need? At what point do we need to consider other treatments? Don't hesitate to ask other questions you have. What to expect from your doctorYour doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, including: When did you first experience symptoms? Did you have symptoms such as pain or vertigo that cleared up? Have you had ear infections? Have you been exposed to loud sounds? Have you been swimming or diving recently? Have you recently flown? Have you had head injuries? Do you put anything in your ear to clean it? What you can do in the meantimeIf you think that you have a ruptured eardrum, be careful to keep your ears dry to prevent infection. Don't go swimming. To keep water out of your ear when showering or bathing, use a moldable, waterproof silicone earplug or put a cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in your outer ear. Don't put medication drops in your ear unless your doctor prescribes them specifically for infection related to your perforated eardrum. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic TreatmentSelf-management Nov. 10, 2016 Print Share on: FacebookTwitter References Perforated eardrum. American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/content/perforated-eardrum. Accessed Sept. 19, 2016. Evans AK, et al. Evaluation and management of middle ear trauma. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Sept. 19, 2016. Lalwani AK. Temporal bone trauma. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com. Accessed Sept. 19, 2016. Vernick DM. Ear barotrauma. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Sept. 19, 2016. Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-and-tympanic-membrane-disorders/traumatic-perforation-of-the-tympanic-membrane. Accessed Sept. 20, 2016. RelatedSymptom CheckerNausea and vomiting Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum)OverviewSymptoms & causesDiagnosis & treatmentDiagnosisTreatmentPreparing for your appointmentSelf-managementMore aboutIn-DepthMultimediaResources Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Mayo Clinic Store Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. The Mayo Clinic Diet BookMedical News From a Trusted SourceMayo Clinic on Healthy AgingA New Perspective on Alzheimer'sThe Mayo Clinic Diet Online Diagnosis & treatmentRequest an AppointmentDiagnosisTreatmentPreparing for your appointment CON-20164038 Patient Care & Health Information Diseases & Conditions Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum)


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- Description
Spice things up in your kitchen or dining room with our version of the classic salt chair. Decked out in the most vibrant of hues, it's a fresh spin on timeless tradition. Quite the colorful contrast when paired with the Bantilly table.Includes
2 ChairsDimensions
20" W x 20.75" D x 34.75" H
Floor to top 18.00"
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SKU 12002467 MPN D389-03 GTIN UPC 024052311846 Brand Signature Design Collection Bantilly Assemble Length No Assemble Width No Assemble Height No Assembly Required Yes Material Wood Finish Orange Styles Contemporary Shipping Time 1-2 Weeks Free Shipping No
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|2009-05-31, 18:12
|Link #221
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: event horizon
Two more things, I wasn't talking about Koinzell in particular and second, this is all something you would need to come to understand yourself; if you disagree (though I'm only hearing common brainwashing rather then your motives) that's fine, everything has its little positive side.
|2009-05-31, 18:35
|Link #222
I disagree with you all.
Join Date: Dec 2005
I referred to lynch mobs because they're the ultimate expression of "the common people" taking justice into their own hands.
If I had to guess, I'd say that the notion of public interest is absent of your vision of the world, which makes it easier to confuse justice and vengeance. You also completely neglect the problem of subjectivity when you say a vengeance has to be "just". Different societies have different laws, and within one society people have different opinions over said laws, because everyone's got different ideas of what's "just".
I'd like to point out that even in cultures that allow and encourage revenge, there are guidelines over when one should go for it, and how to reconcile two parties. One can't just decide on one's own to kill someone else over some real or imagined offense.
|2009-06-01, 07:58
|Link #223
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2007
Age: 28
Cats is saying that 'vengeance is wrong' is simply part of more general 'violence is bad, world peace yay' dogma.
The thing is, the point behind 'vengeance doesn't achieve anything' isn't really about the 'victim' i.e. receiver of vengeance but the avenger him/her/it-self. The idea is, if you're a generally decent person who doesn't actually enjoy inflicting pain for its own sake, then after you achieve your vengeance, you'll feel kinda empty and not know what to do anymore. Vengeance doesn't achieve anything aside from transient emotional satisfaction, so if there are great personal costs to it (i.e. vengeance forces somebody to make sacrifices they normally wouldn't) then in the end it may not feel worth it.
With regards to vengeance in Ubel Blatt, I don't think anybody's condemning Koinzell's vengeance as amoral. Destroy a country or whatever, it's clear enough that this is too much of a grey issue. However, there is nothing wrong with emphasizing that Koinzell himself recognizes the damage his vengeance will cause, and realizing that this disregard for inflicting pain on innocents makes Koinzell think less of himself as a person.
|2009-06-01, 09:22
|Link #224
Crack Head
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: T dot Ohhhhhh
Age: 30
Koinzell has stated several times that he knows what he is doing is going to screw with the country. He says that he'll receive his punishment when all the Heroes are dead...but until then don't get in his way.
It'll be interesting to see what happens if/when all the Heroes are dead and the Calamity approaches...will Koinzell even feel like he has a reason to live anymore? Or will he leave the upcoming battles to the new generation (Ifkes?)...
|2009-06-11, 09:45
|Link #228
koinzell is such a badass.
I wonder if the manga will end when koinzell kills all the heroes. somehow I see a plot twist heading our way..seeing as how hes going to the meeting of the 10 kings of the round table, along with the noblewoman.
I hope he gets rehabilitated before he dies.
Also love all the politics between the heroes. We're only just starting to get a glimpse of the friction between the heroes, firstly with barestar and now with lebelont.
|2009-06-11, 10:23
|Link #229
Crack Head
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: T dot Ohhhhhh
Age: 30
After the 7 heroes...there is still the Calamity that was mentioned in the first Volume. Everyone thought Konz was going to be the hero that stopped it...but maybe he is the Calamity? Or maybe its Ifkes...or maybe its one of the Heroes...or maybe...just maybe...
Its something we have never seen before...
|2009-06-22, 03:38
|Link #234
Never do well
Join Date: Nov 2007
Location: CENSORED
Sells well in France
Vol 9 will have standard & collector editions:
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Kyle Hyndman's Website
Kyle Hyndman's Website
Welcome to my website!
I am an associate professor at the Naveen Jindal School of Management at the University of Texas at Dallas. My main research interests are behavioural and experimental economics, though I have done research in industrial organisation, auctions, bargaining and behavioural operations management.
Please use the tabs at the top to navigate throughout my website.


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London, April 5 (IANS) Men can now find out if a woman fancies them - with a dress that goes see-through if the wearer gets aroused, a media report said Thursday.
This futuristic creation is made of smart fabrics which become clear when the heart rate increases.
Dutch designer Daan Roosegaarde is in talks to produce a high street version. He said: "It explores the relationship between intimacy and technology."
The dress, called Intimacy 2.0, has been on display in London and has won design awards.


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L.A. Times Teaches Kids About Pilgrims and Economic Freedom
A caller to Rush Limbaugh's show on Friday alerted him that on Sunday, the Los Angeles Times "Kids Reading Room" section would explain how the Pilgrims discovered that holding all their goods in common led to poverty, but economic freedom -- allowing each to keep their own crops -- led to prosperity.
Jennifer James told the story from a Thanksgiving dinner, where Grandpa explained the Pilgrim story to the children:
"Squanto taught the Pilgrims to grow corn!" Sam exclaimed. He's never going to forget that -- he played Squanto in the Thanksgiving Day play at school.
"That's right," Grandpa said. "But at first the Pilgrims were terrified of the Indians, as they called them. Then one day a tribesman named Samoset ventured into their encampment. He was tall and dark and by many accounts quite handsome. Loudly and plainly he proclaimed, 'Welcome!' in perfect English."
"The Pilgrims must have freaked!" shouted Sam.
Grandpa laughed and agreed. "I'm sure you're right. He had learned the language from English fishermen. For the Pilgrims, life was a constant battle for survival. Later, Governor William Bradford made a decision. Instead of the colonists sharing their crops equally, he assigned a parcel of land to each family and told them they could keep whatever they produced for themselves."
"Then what happened?" asked Sam.
"At last the Pilgrims began to prosper. Governor William Bradford wrote in his book 'Of Plimoth Plantation,' 'This had very good success, for it made all hands industrious, so as much more corn was planted than otherwise would have been.' "
"Shoot! If you can keep everything you make, of course you're going to work harder. Everybody knows that."
Grandpa answered, "The first seed had been planted for the American Revolution. People were free to practice their religions as they saw fit and were free to keep the fruits of their labor. This had never happened before in the history of mankind. In the words of William Bradford, 'As one small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled hath shone unto many, yea in some sort to our whole nation.' "
"That William Bradford sounds like a pretty cool guy," said Sam.
"He was a pretty cool guy," Grandpa said with a chuckle.


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This Doctor Who henna tattoo is just beautiful. It's got an Ood, the sonic screwdriver and even a fez-wearing Adipose. There are also little hatch marks to keep track of the Silence, but that might be a problem when this all finally fades away.
Send your nerdy tattoo pics to firstname.lastname@example.com.
(via Pinterest)


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President Obama said on Tuesday that Iran's diplomatic overture in recent weeks could provide a foundation for an agreement on its nuclear program, but he warned that "conciliatory words will have to be matched by actions that are transparent and verifiable".
Speaking to the United Nations General Assembly, President Obama sounded a cautiously optimistic tone about the prospects for diplomacy, saying he had instructed Secretary of State John Kerry to pursue face-to-face negotiations with Iran on its nuclear program.
"The roadblocks may prove to be too great," he added, "but I firmly believe the diplomatic path must be tested."
President Obama also called on the Security Council to pass a "strong" resolution that would impose consequences on Syria if it fails to turn over its chemical weapons. The American threat of military action against Syria, Obama said, had set in motion diplomatic efforts with Russia to take over and eventually destroy Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's weapons.
"Without a credible military threat, the Security Council had demonstrated no inclination to act at all," the president said. "If we cannot agree even on this, then it will show that the UN is incapable of enforcing the most basic of international laws. On the other hand, if we succeed, it will send a powerful message that the use of chemical weapons has no place in the 21st century, and that this body means what it says."
Barack Obama also announced that the United States would pledge an additional $US340 million ($372 million) in humanitarian aid to help refugees from the civil war in Syria. And while he praised the diplomatic initiative by Russia on chemical weapons, he also said that the continuing support of Russia and Iran for the government of President Bashar al-Assad risked leading to further extremism there.
Obama's speech came at a time of swift, almost disorienting diplomatic developments, with the White House first threatening, then backing off a military strike against Syria, and suddenly encountering a diplomatic opening with Iran on its nuclear program. The US president tried to take account of all of it, in a wide-ranging speech that echoed some of the themes of his address last spring on the changing American role in the world.
"For the United States," he said, "these new circumstances have also meant shifting away from a perpetual war-footing."
Part of the American recalculation, he said, involved restricting the use of drones in counter-terrorism operations; transferring prisoners from the military prison at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba and ultimately shutting it down; and rethinking its broad surveillance activities.
"Just as we reviewed how we deploy our extraordinary military capabilities in a way that lives up to our ideals," the president said, "we have begun to review the way that we gather intelligence, so as to properly balance the legitimate security concerns of our citizens and allies, with the privacy concerns that all people share."
But Obama emphasised three areas: the civil war and the use of chemical weapons in Syria, the prospect of diplomacy with Iran, and the Middle East peace process between Israelis and Palestinians, which has recently restarted under the prodding of Mr. Kerry.
"The time is now ripe for the entire international community to get behind the pursuit of peace," he said. "Already, Israeli and Palestinian leaders have demonstrated a willingness to take significant political risks."
The time is now ripe for the entire international community to get behind the pursuit of peace
But much of Obama's focus was on when the United States would use its power in the Middle East. Acknowledging that his reversal on Syria had prompted uneasiness in the region about American resolve, Obama insisted that the United States would still act to protect its interests and, in some cases, to avert humanitarian tragedies.
"The United States of America is prepared to use all elements of our power, including military force, to secure these core interests in the region," he said. "We will confront external aggression against our allies and partners, as we did in the Gulf War."
Speaking immediately after Obama, Turkey's president, Abdullah Gul, welcomed the Russian-American agreement to disarm Syria's chemical weapons stockpile.
But Gul, whose government has emerged as one of Assad's biggest opponents, also said the Syrian conflict had morphed into a "real threat to regional peace and security" and that the United Nations had a responsibility to help resolve the crisis, which has left more than 100,000 people dead and millions displaced.
On Iran, Obama mixed hope with wariness, saying that three decades of estrangement would not be repaired quickly.
"I don't believe this difficult history can be overcome overnight – the suspicion runs too deep," Mr. Obama declared. "But I do believe that if we can resolve the issue of Iran's nuclear program, that can serve as a major step down a long road toward a different relationship – one based on mutual interests and mutual respect."
The president spoke immediately after Brazil's president, Dilma Rousseff, who delivered a denunciation of the United States over reports that the National Security Agency monitored emails, text messages and other electronic communications between Ms Rousseff and her aides. Last week, President Rousseff cancelled a state visit to Washington to signal her displeasure with the NSA surveillance.
President Obama also sent a warning to Egypt's military-backed government that it would lose American support if it continued to crack down on dissident elements there.
"We will continue support in areas like education that benefit the Egyptian people," he said. "But we have not proceeded with the delivery of certain military systems, and our support will depend upon Egypt's progress in pursuing a democratic path."
As Obama spoke, the United Nations was crackling with speculation that he might shake hands with President Hassan Rouhani of Iran, who was scheduled to address the General Assembly later on Tuesday. There is no formal meeting with Rouhani on his schedule, but White House officials have said they are open to engagement "at a variety of levels".
Rouhani was not in the General Assembly hall for Obama's speech, though Iran's foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, was.
The last time an American president met an Iranian leader was on December 31, 1977, when Jimmy Carter and wife Rosalyn spent New Year's Eve as a guest of the Shah of Iran. As he made a toast to the shah at a state dinner, President Carter said the idea for the trip came from Mrs Carter, when he asked her with whom she would like to celebrate the holiday.
"We have no other nation on Earth who is closer to us in planning for our mutual military security. We have no other nation with whom we have closer consultation on regional problems that concern us both," Carter said." And there is no leader with whom I have a deeper sense of personal gratitude and personal friendship."
Less than two years later, an angry crowd overran the American embassy in Tehran, holding 52 Americans hostage for 444 days and plunging relations between Iran and the United States into a deep freeze from which they have not yet emerged.


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A spray-on T-shirt was demonstrated by a Spanish fashion designer in advance of the Science in Style show at Imperial College, London this week, according to an article in the Guardian.
The spray consists of short fibres that are mixed into a solvent, allowing it to be sprayed from a can or high-pressure spray gun. The fibres are mixed with polymers that bind them together to form a fabric. The texture of the fabric can be varied by using wool, linen or acrylic fibres.
The experience did not appear to be too uncomfortable, judging by the expression of gum-chewing indifference on the face of the male model in the video, although the manufacturer says that the fabric, which dries when it meets the skin, is very cold when it is sprayed on.


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Night Owl 8 Channel LTE D1 DVR - No HDD, PC/Mac, Remote Viewing, Motion Activated Recording/Email Alerts (Refurbished) - LTE-DVR8-RItem#: NIH-102406948 | Model#: LTE-DVR8-R |
Currently Out Of Stock!
You May Consider This Alternative
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Night Owl D1 8 Channel DVR (No HDD) Refurb Product Details
The terms refurbished and recertified are used interchangeable to describe products that manufacturers refurbished, inspected, brought back to original manufacturers specification then tested and repackaged for sale. Some manufacturers refurbish products themselves and others use a qualified third party refurbisher. Refurbished products represent a great value and we offer them with confidence knowing that every refurbished product was tested at least twice, once when it was first manufactured and again during the refurbishing process. Refurbished products are warranted by either the original manufacturer or the manufacturers third party refurbisher. Warranty terms applicable to refurbished products may vary; see below for specific warranty information and consider purchasing an extended service plan if you desire even more coverage.
Additional Resources: Product Manuals
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Product TagsNIH-102406948 LTE-DVR8-R Security Systems NIGHT OWL 8 CHANNEL LTE DVR (NO HDD) REFURBISHED
Manufactured by: Night Owl Security
Warranty provided by: Night Owl Security
UPC No: 855830003079
Mfg Part No: LTE-DVR8-R
Box Size:
( Length:21, Width:4, Depth:15)
Shipping Weight: 5.4000 pound(s)
Dimensional Weight: 6pounds
What is Dimensional weight?
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Night Owl Security logos are registered trademarks of Night Owl Security. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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and Express Shipping Options
Enjoy Free shipping on all orders over $99
Extreme Vaporizer Balloon System
The Extreme Vaporizer by Arizer can be used like a much more expensive Volcano Vaporizer. With a 3 speed fan system, included vapor balloons, and glass mouthpieces you can fill up a full vapor bag within 90 seconds! The purpose of the Extreme Vaporizer's three speed fan system is to provide different densities of the vapor filling your balloon depending on your preference. Once youve experienced a balloon from the Extreme Vaporizer youll never want to be without this option. It detaches from the unit giving you freedom of movement, almost necessary for groups.
Extreme Vaporizer Whip System
The 3 speed fan can also assist in the Extreme Vaporizer's direct whip inhalation method. Turn the fan on a low setting for a little help when drawing from the vaporizer tube. Arizer includes a set (2) of extra long whips made of medical grade, non-toxic tubing. Any part of the whip that touches either your mouth or your material are made of heat tested glass for best vapor taste.


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The Adobe AIR 3 Release Candidate is available, and includes this new feature: Native extensions for Adobe AIR.
Until now, native extensions were available on AIR for TV, but not for AIR on desktop or mobile devices. Now you can create an ActionScript library that can execute native code on all these devices. This means an AIR application developer, using ActionScript, can take advantage of platform-specific and device-specific native capabilities.
We'll blog here about documentation and examples as they become available. In the meantime, you can read more about it in this Adobe Developer Connection article: Extending Adobe AIR.
And get the AIR 3 Release Candidate download to get started.


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Industrial Scientific pays $5.8M for HQ land from Bayer
Industrial Scientific Corp. has purchased a 36.6-acre site along Bayer Road in Robinson, where it plans to build its new Pittsburgh-area headquarters.
The company paid Bayer Corp. $5.8 million for the property. Its Pittsburgh operations are in four locations, said Josh McElhattan, director of business development. The company's administrative, manufacturing, engineering, product development and customer service operations are spread throughout North Fayette and Findlay.
The company develops software and analytic services to detect gas leaks and other hazardous conditions.


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Revision history for Dist-Zilla-Plugin-Subversion
1.101590 2010-06-08 11:37:13 America/New_York
Minor update to tighten up dist.ini and use DZ Git plugin for release.
1.101580 2010-06-07 16:45:16 America/New_York
Updates for Dist::Zilla 4.
Recommend rather than require Alien::SVN for those who install Subversion
bindings some other way (e.g., OS package manager or from svn sources).
1.100910 2010-04-01 11:45:12 America/New_York
Many small changes for better Perl::Critic compliance.
Remove dependency on Modern::Perl.
Require Alien::SVN so that CPAN clients can install Subversion API.
1.100900 2010-03-31 13:52:03 America/New_York
Dist::Zilla 2 changes:
Don't get Subversion username/password from global DZ config, as the
interface is still unstable.
Update dist.ini to Dist::Zilla 2 plugin names.
1.100890 2010-03-30 11:16:10 America/New_York
fix: use actual plugin called when committing to Subversion
fix: change maintainer email address to @cpan.org
1.100880 2010-03-29 14:09:57 America/New_York
Refactor to a main role and separate Releaser and AfterRelease plugins.
Migrate to GitHub so others can contribute.
1.100770 2010-03-18 15:00:44 America/New_York
Change license & copyright to Perl and me, respectively.
1.100770 2010-03-18 13:59:47 America/New_York
fix: determination of tags and dists repository directories
1.100770 2010-03-18 12:27:39 America/New_York
Initial release using Dist::Zilla.


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stereo push pull amp one heater supply for power tubes
Has anyone ever encountered a problem with using 1 power supply for there stereo push pull amp output tube's heaters.
Re: stereo push pull amp one heater supply for power tubes
ok just checking
My impression, and I'm no expert here, is that as long as all your tubes' filaments combined don't exceed the amp rating of the transformer's heater supply, you should be ok. On the pre-amp sensitive stages, though, some people prefer DC, or some sort of hum-bucking circuit, as that's where you are likely to pick up more noise.
If you do have a larger circuit pull, I would get a separate trafo for just the power tube filaments.
On the other hand, my question would be that if you were making a 2-channel (stereo) unit, would it be better (considering that you have all bases covered for the filaments) to get a huge 200-300 ma HV secondary xfmr for the HV, or better off and more economical to use a separate one for each channel, thus perhaps also avoiding the extra heater supply.
If you do use a bigger one, can you get by with just one choke and dual electrolytic caps, etc., for the HV to both channels if you have enough ma to start with?
It has been said that a separate heater transformer is a good idea. Of course, you might need more than one heater winding if you have some tubes with elevated cathodes (e.g. in direct-coulped stages), so you can bias their heaters above ground to avoid exceeding cathode-heater voltage limits. Separate heater circuits for left and right channels is unnecessary - unless you're talking directly heated tubes, which is a whole 'nother story.
Well I think i will use 2 separate supplies luckly i've got a huge filament transformer that will put out 10 volt and it has 2 secondary's wound with square copper wire thats about 2 by 2 milimeters it's a monster.
I know that it's not normal to do this but I'm going to try runnig it wit a half wave rectifier into a 42000 mfd cap that should keep it fairly clean I think.
If I get hum though I will throw 2 more rec's on it.
I just dont want to put 2 of these transformers in the amp, there heavey like a 6" cube of metal thing weights about 25 pounds.
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Mayo Clinic vs IRS going to Supreme Court
Here's some from a piece I cobbled together for today's paper about the ongoing saga of Mayo Clinic's war against the U.S. government over whether medical residents are students or employees.
When Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota make their case to the Supreme Court that medical residents are students and not employees, the court's newest justice will not be listening.
Elena Kagan, who officially joined the Supreme Court this week as a justice, recused herself from the case brought by Mayo and the university to appeal a ruling by the Eighth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
As President Obama's solicitor general, Kagan filed a brief supporting the government's position that medical residents don't qualify for the general student exemption from Social Security taxes.
That was why she stepped back from hearing this case, along with 24 other of the 51 cases on the court's docket this session.
In the medical residents case, Kagan argued that the court of appeals decision was correct and a review by the Supreme Court was "not warranted."
Her brief stated that the ruling against Mayo Clinic and the U of M "resolves the uncertainty and controversy over the application of FICA taxes" and "provides an easily administratable bright-line test."
Kagen also noted that the student exemption is "an issue of significant administrative and fiscal importance to the Treasury, involving as much as $700 million annually in FICA taxes for medical residents alone."
The Social Security tax represents 12.4 percent of wages. Half of the tax is paid by the employer and half by the employee. For a medical resident earning a $50,000 stipend, that represents $3,100 paid by the resident and $3,100 paid by the hospital.


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Stunning custom Colonial, designed by prestigious architect, and built in 2009 on .31 acres surrounded by mature trees for ultimate privacy. Perfect floor plan w/ foyer leading to dining room & living room w/ 2-sided stone gas fireplace. Living room opens to family room, which is completely open to the gourmet eat-in kitchen w/ breakfast area surrounded by windows overlooking the property & a French door leading to huge maintenance-free Azek deck. Gorgeous master suite w/ cathedral ceiling, customized walk-in closet, & spa-like bathroom. Three additional bedrooms on the 2nd level & 2 additional baths, one w/ a juliet balcony. Fifth bedroom on 3rd level w/ bath. Walk out from the lower level w/ rec room, full bath, & access to 3 car garage & back patio. Whole house generator! 5 zones heat & A/C! Every amenity!
Listing Courtesy of WEICHERT REALTORS