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AEJ 99 DenhamB MAG Sexual mores in the Weider muscle building course of the 1950's
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EDUCATION FOR THE BODYBUILDER OR ALIBI FOR THE PUBLISHER?SEXUAL MORES IN THE WEIDER MUSCLE BUILDING COURSEOF THE 1950sByBryan E. Denham, Ph.D.Assistant Professor of Communication and Mass MediaSouthwest Missouri State University901 South National AvenueSpringfield, MO 65804(417) 836-4156E-mail: [log in to unmask]Paper submitted to the Magazine Division,AEJMC National Conference, August 1999, New OrleansEDUCATION FOR THE BODYBUILDER OR ALIBI FOR THE PUBLISHER?SEXUAL MORES IN THE WEIDER MUSCLE BUILDING COURSEOF THE 1950sAbstractJoe Weider has been involved with bodybuilding since the late 1930s, and todayhe operates a health and fitness empire in Woodland Hills, California. Hisorganization produces exercise equipment, nutrition supplements, books, andmagazines, such as Muscle & Fitness, Flex, Shape and Men's Fitness. This essaylooks back to the 1950s and examines the sexual mores he advanced in amail-order course designed for young men interested in weightlifting. Asdiscussed in the paper, substantial differences existed across the glossymagazines that he produced for gay men throughout the 1950s and his mainstreammail-order course, published late in that decade. The information in SexEducation for the Bodybuilder, the publication examined here, is linked on aconceptual level to contemporary queer theory, in that the normative and deviantsexual activities discussed in it seem to reflect perfectly the socialconstructs and norms of the time, while differing markedly from those of today.EDUCATION FOR THE BODYBUILDER OR ALIBI FOR THE PUBLISHER?SEXUAL MORES IN THE WEIDER MUSCLE BUILDING COURSEOF THE 1950s In the late 1940s and early 50s, a dramatic change took place in the wayscantily clad men appeared in mass-mediated publications. For the first time,magazines appeared that sought to do just one thing: Celebrate the male physiquesolely for its aesthetic appeal (Hooven, 1995; Waugh, 1996). In the decadesprior, pictures of men performing rigorous outdoor tasks and lifting weights didappear, chiefly in magazines such as Physical Culture by Bernarr Macfadden(Ernst, 1991), and Vim by Joe and Ben Weider (Waugh, 1996), but the men alwayshad a reason, or "alibi," for showing off their muscles. Not until amateurphotographer Bob Mizer of Southern California began photographing well-sculptedHollywood hopefuls did photos published almost exclusively for gay men appear. Mizer started taking these photographs in 1948, and when his attempt toestablish a modeling agency, the Athletic Model Guild, failed to materialize, hemay have assumed his stint as a talent scout was over. In fact, just theopposite occurred; the demand for his photographs increased dramatically, and by1952 he had his own magazine, Physique Pictorial (Hooven, 1995; Waugh, 1996). As Hooven (1995) explained, "It had no editorials or articles, no ads for hairrestorers or wheat germ, just images of the male physique, as near to nude asthe law would allow" (p. 32). "The question was," Hooven (1995) asked, "who would want to take or publishphotos of men for their physical attractiveness except a homosexual? In otherwords, what Mizer and the others did was all but unthinkable for that day andage-they came out" (p. 54). Indeed, with more than 100 publications appearing at one point (Waugh, 1996),physique magazines emerged throughout the 1950s. As Hooven (1995) noted,"Without presenting anything overtly homosexual, each issue was so clearlydesigned by and for gay men it was obvious to even the youngest and mostinexperienced of them" (p. 72). The magazines, in short, were not simply a partof gay culture, "they virtually were gay culture" (p. 74). Canadian Joe Weider, who had published bodybuilding magazines throughout the1940s and into the 1950s, and who continues today at the helm of magazines suchas Muscle & Fitness and Flex, observed how well publications such as PhysiquePictorial were doing. By 1952, Hooven (1995) noted, Weider had altered thephotos in his own bodybuilding magazines, specifically American Manhood, tofocus on slimmer, more handsome males in posing briefs that accentuated thegenitalia. Waugh (1996) shed light on the movement to which Weider had become attached: At its peak, between 1955 and 1965, the 'physique' movement comprised a vast international network through which circulated thousands of magazines,mail-order photographs, and films, not to mention subsidiary merchandise. The entireoperation was predicated on bodybuilding as a channel-and at the same time a camouflage-forthe sexualized male body. Despite its fundamental disavowal of our desire for thosetaut pectorals and disarming grins, the first commercial and popular incarnation ofgay culture in the age of modern mass media is a key to the formation of contemporary gayidentities, cultures, politics, and sexualities (pp. 176-177). In addition to American Manhood, Weider went on to publish magazines such asBody Beautiful, Adonis, Young Adonis, and Young Physique, all geared toward gaymen. As Waugh (1996) noted, Weider recognized early on the potential profits ingay-oriented publications, and as a publisher, he was so adept that he easilysurpassed others, bringing to light the present study. In the late 1950s, Weider offered young men interested in weightlifting amail-order course on fundamental training techniques. As part of his "MuscleBuilding Series," he produced a supplemental publication addressing humansexuality. This study explores the sexual mores advanced in his booklet SexEducation for the Bodybuilder (1958). The study reveals the disparity betweenthe glossy magazines he produced for gay men and the generic mail-order coursehe produced for young men interested in weightlifting. In the former, forinstance, editors searched for ways to make posing briefs "cling" to thegenitalia; in the latter, Weider advised that masturbating was not something ayoung man in pursuit of physical strength did. Thus, while gay men may havelooked to Weider's magazines for titillation, subscribers to the "MuscleBuilding Series" received advice that smacked of sexual repression, perhaps tobe expected given that time period (Loughery, 1998; Chauncey, 1994). Theoretically, this paper is grounded in queer theory, which, in the early1990s, grew out of scholarship addressing how normative and deviant sexualbehaviors are created through a socially constructed process (for example,Jagose, 1997). Klages (1997) provides an explanation of the theory and how it evolved: Queer theory emerges from gay/lesbian studies' attention to the socialconstruction of categories of normative and deviant sexual behavior . . . Queer theorylooks at, and studies, and has a political critique of, anything that falls intonormative and deviant categories, particularly sexual activities and identities. The word"queer," as it appears in the dictionary, has a primary meaning of 'odd,' 'peculiar,' 'outof the ordinary.' Queer theory concerns itself with any and all forms of sexualitythat are "queer" in this sense-and then, by extension, with the normative behaviorsand identities which define what is "queer" (by being their binary opposites) . . . Queertheory insists that all sexual behaviors, all concepts linking sexual behaviors to sexualidentities, and all categories of normative and deviant sexualities, are socialconstructs, sets of signifiers which create certain types of social meaning . . . For queertheorists, sexuality is a complex array of social codes and forces, forms ofindividual activity and institutional power . . . (pp. 1-2). Scholars have used similar theories in studies of normative and deviant sexualbehaviors and sexual identities among bodybuilders. For example, Gillett andWhite (1992) employed a critical feminist perspective and concluded thathypermasculine physiques among bodybuilders represent attempts by men to restoreand maintain feelings of self-control and self-worth. The authors argue that themuscular male physique is constructed by social relations etched in genderideology (see also, Messner & Sabo, 1990). An additional study by White andGillett (1994) examined photographs in Flex, a Weider bodybuilding magazine.They noted that the muscular male body was considered natural and desirable, theproduct of ideologies in gender difference. The authors concluded that theportrayal of the muscular body as ideal offered resistance to progressive changeand alternative masculinities, something Klein (1989) had observed in along-term ethnographic study of the Southern California bodybuilding culture(see also, Klein, 1993). Klein (1989) studied the practice of "hustling" among male bodybuilders,concluding that while many bodybuilders offered sexual favors to gay men, theirbehavior in the gym was anything but indicative of homosexuality. In fact, Kleinconcluded that in order to maintain perceptions of heterosexuality, bodybuildersoften engaged in homophobic behavior. In a study on the rising popularity of bodybuilding during the early 1980s,Klein (1987) observed that bodybuilders often related to members of the outsideworld in an arrogant manner in order to conceal deep-rooted feelings ofinferiority. Klein has published other studies (1986, 1985a, 1995b) that revealmany contradictions in the way bodybuilders present themselves - namely, theirsexual identities and social behaviors-and the way things really work. The term "contradiction," then, appears to be one that has characterized thebodybuilding subculture for decades. While bodybuilding has been linked withsexual fantasy for more than half a century, it has existed on disparate publicand private levels, as Klein has observed. Muscle magazines play a major role inthis ongoing disparity. From helping to pioneer gay magazines to offering very conservative advice toyoung men interested in weightlifting, Joe Weider certainly played a role inhelping to uphold, construct and solidify normative and deviant types of sexualbehavior. As the information on the following pages demonstrates, Weider ran thegamut as a publisher. Perhaps he knew how to target different audiences. Or,perhaps he knew that, if necessary, the mainstream mail order course could bewaved in the face of suspicious postal inspectors and local police officers, whowere under pressure from citizens to keep risque materials out of the mailboxesof Middle America (Waugh, 1996; Hooven, 1995). He may have known that theparents of his teenage pupils would have little interest in explaining gayeroticism to their sons. More bluntly, the parents may have revolted against afitness guru who they believed was targeting their offspring for deviantbehavior. As Hooven (1995) pointed out, it took great courage for gay men topurchase magazines such as Physique Pictorial and American Manhood at localnewsstands; for such publications to show up at the average American householdin the late 1950s may have exceeded the boundaries that mainstream, middleAmericans would accept. Weider sought expensive legal advice routinely, and under the alibis "sports,""art," and "nature," he and other producers were able to keep authorities atbay. Waugh (1996) recalled a situation in Canada in which Weider's attorney broughtinto court an image of Michelangelo, which, as an artistic alibi, cleared Weiderphotographer Jimmy Caruso of creating unlawful images. "Rather than a legalsafeguard," Waugh noted, "it seems likely that the artistic alibi was anunspoken protocol allowing producers, the U.S. Post Office, and local police anddealers to maintain the decorum of the open secret and a functional level oftolerance between periods when the heat was on" (p. 224). Chauncey (1994) provides an excellent discussion of the social atmosphere inthe early decades of this century, the point at which Weider arose both as anindividual and as a publisher. Chauncey explains: Bernarr Macfadden, advocate of physical culture and publisher ofbodybuilding magazines treasured by straight and gay men alike, could barely contain hisloathing of the men who sexualized and perverted the male gaze at male bodies. [Heinsisted] that ther e could be no relationship between the healthy youngster's adoration of abarely clad exemplar of manly muscularity and the depraved sexual desires of adegenerate . . . The overt sexual interest of the fairy in men made the possibility that normalmen's admiration of manly bodies might have a sexual component inescapable. Itrequired men whose manliness was already suspect to assert their exclusive sexualinterest in women in order to show they were not queer. The insistence on exclusive heterosexuality emerged in part, then, inresponse to the crisis in middle-class masculinity precipitated by the manlycomportment of working-class men and the subversion of manly ideals and sexualization ofmale social relations by the fairy . . . Middle-class men increasingly conceived oftheir sexuality-their heterosexuality, or exclusive desire for women-as one ofthe hallmarks of a real man. It was as if they had decided that no matter how much theirgender comportment might be challenged as unmanly, they were normal men becausethey were heterosexual (pp. 116-117) Clearly, the situation in the early decades of this century was a delicate one,and having come of age during it, Weider understood just how unsettled thingswere. The booklet addressed below, Sex Education for the Bodybuilder, may havebeen Weider's strongest representation of cultural conservatism. As its contentindicates, social codes and forces were kept in place by a booklet no morerisque than a Boy Scout Manual.Sex Education for the Bodybuilder In this publication, Weider (1958) began by discussing the need to maintain ahealthy sex life, one "free from frustration and the shackles of prudishconvention." He wrote that all too often, boys were raised ignorant of sex andwere taught that it was something evil and sinful--not the power responsible forperpetuating the human species. Sex drive, he wrote, provided strength andvigor: "This was discovered centuries ago when male sex glands were injured orremoved. Boys whose testicles had been removed developed many femininecharacteristics such as high-pitched voices, lack of hair-growth on the face,soft, flabby muscles and other weaknesses" (p. 3). Weider continued with a brief overview of puberty and the changes adolescentmales experience during this time. He provided a fundamental review of the malesex organs, and wrote of the need to avoid "the parasitical infestation known ascrabs." In addition, Weider wrote, "You must do everything in your power toprotect yourself from the insidious ravages of venereal disease" (p. 5). In 1958, the public paid considerable attention to syphilis and gonorrhea, andWeider discussed the two accordingly. He discussed only these ailments, notingthat gonorrhea was five times as common as syphilis, the more devastating of thetwo. While the former could cause sterility, blindness, crippling damage to thejoints and heart problems, Weider wrote, the latter could lead to even moresevere consequences. "Spirochetes will quietly continue their deadly attacks on the vital tissues ofyour body . . . Thus, your liver could be diseased, your arteries weakened, yourspinal cord partially destroyed, or your brain tissues damaged. You could becomedeaf, blind, paralyzed or insane. The final effects of syphilis are trulyterrible" (p. 7). In Sex Education for the Bodybuilder, discussion of sexually transmitteddiseases seems to have been reactionary in nature; that is, Weider discussed, ingraphic detail, the importance of protecting against the diseases, but madelittle mention of exactly how to do so. Perhaps the social climate of the timesdictated that he not discuss, say, the use of condoms as protection against bothdisease and unwanted pregnancy. This was, after all, a relatively conservativeperiod, one in which producers of situational comedies had to decide whether ahusband and wife should occupy the same bed. Following his section on sexually transmitted diseases, Weider discussednocturnal emissions, pointing out that under normal circumstances, an adolescentmight experience a "wet dream" once every two weeks. He wrote: If you have a 'wet dream' more frequently than once every ten days youshould empty your bladder before going to bed and refrain from drinking liquids for atleast an hour before. You should also keep your mind free from sex-stimulating thoughtsand avoid reading sex-arousing stories or looking at erotic pictures. More importantstill, you should indulge in more physical activities and increase the number, or theduration, of your bodybuilding workouts. Your body can use up the accumulated sexsecretions for building greater strength and bigger muscles (p. 8). Ironically, perhaps, Weider began to advise his pupils to fight the naturalurges whose freedom he earlier had espoused. While an individual can certainlyuse the restroom before going to bed and also refrain from drinking liquids for60 minutes, can an adolescent male really be expected to keep his mind free fromsex-stimulating thoughts? During puberty, sex-stimulating thoughts pretty muchsum up the entire process. Again, however, social forces may have dictated the generic content, linkingthe content with contemporary queer theory. As Klages (1997) noted earlier,"Queer theory insists that all sexual behaviors, all concepts linking sexualbehaviors to sexual identities, and all categories of normative and deviantsexualities, are social constructs, sets of signifiers which create certaintypes of social meaning" (p. 2). One of the last sections in Sex Education for the Bodybuilder--and one thatperhaps contains the most interesting content for studying acceptable sexualbehavior--is a segment addressing masturbation. In this section, repressionbecomes dominant, as evidenced by the passages below. The author began with areasonable discussion of "old-school" thinking, but then offered advice thatmight seem impractical, if not humorous. He began: Over the years the subject of masturbation has been kicked back and forthlike a football. Not so long ago it was considered one of the most frightful evilsof youth. We were told that masturbation could wreck your mental and physical health,sap your stre ngth, lead to nervous breakdowns, cause feeble-mindedness and even lead toinsanity. Parents, teachers, and even medical men, vied with each other in theirefforts to frighten young people out of this habit. Then came a period of reaction, where everything that had been said beforewas challenged, denied, and scoffed at. The pendulum kept on swinging, and soonnothing could be found wrong with masturbation, and some authorities were even pointingout its benef its (p. 8). Having summarized the change in thinking, he then explained the process. What is the real truth about this wide-spread disturbing habit?Masturbation consists of self-stimulation, or the manipulation of one's own sex organs,until an orgasm is reached. This is also called auto-erotism, or self-relief. Theaverage boy starts to experiment with his sex organs around 10 or 11 years of age. Hefinds the manipulation pleasant and continues it (p. 8). In the following passage, normative rulings enter the picture, and masturbation, whileunderstandable, becomes a shameful practice. There is nothing wrong, or bad about the fundamental sex urge. It is anatural hunger, like that which we possess for food or air, or water, and just asimportant. Normally, nature intended this urge to result in sexual intercourse betweena male and a female, for the purpose of perpetuating the species. Masturbation is notpart of nature's plan and may therefore be considered abnormal. The fact that the majorityof men masturbate at some time or other in their lifetimes does not justify theact, nor does it make it any more normal (p. 8). At least two concerns arise from this passage. First, there is no mention ofhomosexuality with regard to what nature intended. In recent years, there hasbeen furious debate over the cause of homosexuality (for example, Herman, 1997;Pronk, 1993). Some argue that individuals become homosexual through asociological process, while others contend that homosexuality has its roots ingenetics. Either way, and perhaps not surprisingly, it is not recognized as analternative sexual preference or orientation in Sex Education for theBodybuilder. Additionally, the author opines that masturbation is not part of nature's plan.Again, many people in contemporary society take masturbation as a given, and somust have Weider when he was publishing magazines that attracted gay men. It should be noted, once more, that much of what Weider wrote may havereflected what middle Americans considered appropriate advice in 1958. Had hecondoned masturbation, the parents of his bodybuilding pupils might haveconsidered him some sort of fitness guru with radical ideas about sex. As thefollowing passages indicate, conservative parents did not have to worry, forcontrary to his intent of freeing adolescent males "from the shackles of prudishconvention," Weider advocated the status quo with respect to masturbation. Hewrote: Excessive masturbation can lead to the depletion of nervous energy andphysical strength. For the bodybuilder, who wants to build big, powerful, impressivemuscles, superb strength, and a magnificent he-man physique, masturbation isdefinitely out (pp. 8-9). He continued with a discussion of the dangers "masturbators" risked. By far, the greatest dangers of masturbation, lie in the mental andpsychological realms. Indulging in self- relief is something that one does by himself, insecret, hidden from the eyes of others. In other words, it is considered bad andthe masturbator d evelops unhealthy psychological feelings. In addition, many masturbatorslet their imaginations run wild, or use actual photos, to create mental pictureswhile performing this act. In other words, they are escaping from reality and living in asort of a dream world, which is in itself a dangerous practice (p. 9). Did Weider not help to create this dream world in his gay-oriented magazines?Below is a final passage that demonstrates how Weider ran the gamut as apublisher. If you are the slave of the habit of masturbation then you must add stillanother negative factor, for no one can be master of himself if he is controlled bya debilitating habit. To break yourself of this habit, look at yourself asthough you were looking at some other person. Ask yourself if you honestly admire what youare doing (p. 9). Though many individuals are embarrassed to speak about masturbation, they mightquestion whether the practice is truly "debilitating." There may be exceptions,of course, but not many people have been crippled from masturbating. Perhapsmore than any other segment, then, the section on masturbation in Sex Educationfor the Bodybuilder represents a major departure from what many individuals nowrecognize as a common and natural practice. With respect to contemporary queer theory, the conservative advice onmasturbation is consistent with the notion of social constructs linking sexualbehaviors to sexual identities. Weider suggested a vital young man with apowerful physique should not masturbate, for masturbation was considered adeviant behavior. It connoted weakness, as "masturbators" became powerlessagainst a disturbing habit. Thus, if masturbation was considered deviant, notmasturbating and instead enjoying traditional, heterosexual intercourse wasconsidered normative. These ideas of normative and deviant sexual behaviors reflect the conservativeculture in which Weider wrote. Just two years after Sex Education for theBodybuilder appeared, for example, John F. Kennedy entered the White House andbegan receiving female visitors on a regular basis. Washington correspondentsknew it, but reporting such a story would have been unthinkable. In general,issues of sex were not be discussed, especially in a public forum. Following his section on "self-relief," Weider moved to a final segment, onimpotence and sterility. In this section, he discussed the fundamentaldifferences between the two, for at the time, there appears to have been someconfusion among adolescents. With respect to contrasts with present-day medicine, the Weider publicationcontained no reference to methods used to treat impotent men, largely perhapsbecause few methods existed. He also noted that men who had masturbated a lotfrequently found it difficult to have an erection for sexual intercourse,largely due to psychological factors. The best way to effect a change, he noted,was to stop masturbating. In conclusion, Weider wrote, "I hope that you will read what has been writtenhere--and above all, to use it well, sensibly and with the utmost consideration. . . For as you have been freed from the shackles of a prudish and foolishschool of thought, so should you free another from the same bondage" (p. 11). While readers in 1999 might consider the content in Sex Education for theBodybuilder to be the ultimate in "prudish and foolish schools of thought," muchof what Weider wrote may have been shaped by social forces. The details of sex,for example, were not something to be discussed, and perhaps by discussing someof them, Weider appeared progressive.Conclusions Joe Weider became interested in bodybuilding and physical culture long beforemany of today's top physique competitors were born. As a bodybuilding promoter,publisher and businessman, he has enjoyed considerable success. In terms of the sexual mores advanced in his early fitness publication, theprimary conclusion reached is that he did not free his pupils from the "shacklesof prudish convention," but rather adhered to the status quo of thetimes-something he and other publishers did not do when it came to magazinesgeared toward gay men. Readers of Sex Education for the Bodybuilder may have been hard-pressed to findthe information therein racy--even in 1958. The copy reads like a basic coursein sex education, and the section on masturbation leans more to the prudish sidethan to the free-spirited. In present-day society, masturbation is notconsidered a deviant activity, as it appears to have been earlier in thecentury. In all likelihood, masturbation was a common practice in the late1950s, but it was not something to be discussed and brought out in publications.In this regard, Weider may have been ahead of the curve; that is, by justdiscussing it, he may have moved past the writings of others. What he wrote,however, adhered largely to the status quo and smacked of sexual repression. As Hooven (1995) and Waugh (1996) explain, law enforcement officers acrossAmerica were under pressure from citizens to keep the mails free from risquematerials. Weider and his attorneys understood this, and they did not presstheir luck after enjoying tremendous success with homoerotic magazines. By anystandard, Sex Education for the Bodybuilder could be shown to a postal inspectoror police officer without hesitation. The booklet contained no risquephotography, and the copy was generic and conservative. At a time when publishers sought creative alibis for homoerotic material,Weider produced a mail-order weightlifting course with a supplementalpublication on human sexuality that not only distanced him from his gay-orientedmagazines, but made him appear perfectly in tune with the social climate of thetime. In considering this climate, one can look to popular individuals, that is,those who thousands admired and sought emulate. Dwight Eisenhower, a war hero,occupied the White House, while a rugged John Wayne appeared on the big screen.Alan Ladd saved the day as "Shane," and Paul Newman played "Brick" in Cat on aHot Tin Roof. Mickey Mantle belted home runs for the New York Yankees, while RoyRogers and Gene Autry personified chivalry. Rock Hudson emerged as a major star,bringing to light the present study. One can imagine how important Hollywoodplayers would have reacted had Hudson said publicly that he was a homosexual. Asindicated earlier, the term "homosexual" did not even appear in Sex Educationfor the Bodybuilder, keeping Weider in tune with the times. Hooven (1995) notedthat gay men who produced glossy physique magazines did the "unthinkable" bycoming out, and books that have traced the history of homosexuality in Americacertainly reflect that contention (for example, Loughery, 1998; Alwood, 1996;LeVay and Nonas, 1995). Advancing to the 1990s, one can appreciate how social forces help to determinewhat is considered appropriate sexual behavior. In the case of Hollywood, forexample, Sharon Stone played a hip bi-sexual in Basic Instinct, toying with themale police officers who pursued her as a murder suspect. Bold and attractive,she seemed virtually untouchable, and people flocked to the theaters to see themovie. In short, mediated sexual behavior has traveled quite a distance in thesecond half of the twentieth century. At a minimum, behavior considered deviantin the 1950s is not so deviant today, reflecting the notion of sexual behaviorand sexual identity being part of what Klages (1997) called "a complex array ofsocial codes and forces." As for the sport of bodybuilding, it continues to function on different levels.Weider produced magazines aimed at attracting gay men throughout the 1950s, butat the same time, he distanced himself from the homosexual lifestyle with hisgeneric publication Sex Education for the Bodybuilder. Today, Weider continuesto publish bodybuilding magazines, and the ironies continue, both in hismagazines as well as in other bodybuilding publications. As an example, themagazines feature pictures of massive bodybuilders who have used steroids foryears, yet a given issue of any bodybuilding magazine will feature editorialsdenouncing the use of drugs is sport. And, as Klein (1989) observed, thebodybuilders often find themselves existing as "hustlers" to pay the rent, butalso as homophobic, hypermasculine shouters in the gym. Indeed, bodybuilding is, and appears to always have been, a pastime withinherent contradictions, and these contradictions have appeared in mass-mediatedpublications, as well as in the lives of bodybuilders themselves.ReferencesAlwood, E. (1996). Gays, lesbians, and the news media. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press.Chauncey, G. (1994). Gay New York: Gender, urban culture, and the making of thegay male world 1890-1940. New York: Basic Books.Ernst, R. (1991). Weakness is a crime: The life of Bernarr Macfadden. New York:Syracuse University Press.Gillett, J., & White, P.G. (1992). Male bodybuilding and the reassertion ofhegemonic masculinity: A critical feminist perspective. Play and Culture, 4(5), 358-369.Herman, D. (1997). The antigay agenda: Orthodox vision and the Christian right.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Hooven, F.V. (1995). Beefcake: The muscle magazines of America, 1950-1970.Cologne: Benedikt Taschen.Jagose, A. (1997). Queer theory: An introduction. New York: New York UniversityPress.Klages, M. (1997). Course materials for Modern and Critical Thought seminar.University of Colorado.Klein, A.M. (1993). Of muscles and men. Sciences, 1993, 33(6), 32-37.Klein, A.M. (1989). Managing deviance: Hustling, homophobia, and thebodybuilding subculture. Deviant Behavior, 10(1), 11-27.Klein, A.M. (1987). Fear and self-loathing in Southern California: Narcissismand Fascism in Southern California. Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology, 10(2), 117-137.Klein, A.M. (1986). Pumping irony: Crisis and contradiction in bodybuilding.Sociology of Sport Journal, (3)2, 112-133.Klein, A.M. (1985a). Muscle manor: The use of sport metaphor and history insport sociology. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, (9)1, 4-19.Klein, A.M. (1985b). Pumping iron. Society, 22(6), 68-75.LeVay, S., & Nonas, E. (1995). City of friends: A portrait of the gay andlesbian community in America. Cambridge: MIT Press.Loughery, J. (1998). The other side of silence--Men's lives and gay identities:A twentieth- century history. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Messner, M.A., & Sabo, D.F. (1990). Sport, men, and the gender order: Criticalfeminist perspectives. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Books.Pronk, P. (1993). Against Nature?: Types of moral argumentation regarding homosexuality. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.Waugh, T. (1996). Gay male eroticism in photography and film from theirbeginnings to Stonewall. New York: Columbia University Press.Weider, J. & Reynolds, B. (1983). The Weider system of bodybuilding. Chicago: Contemporary Books, Inc.Weider, J. (1958). Sex education for the bodybuilder. Weider Distributors, Inc. Dept. C, 531 32nd Street, Union City, NJ.White, P.G., & Gillett, J. (1994). Reading the muscular body: A criticaldecoding of advertisements in Flex magazine. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11(1), 18-39.
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- The 20 most horrifying Tucker Max tweets. [Crushable]
- You can't have a "Star Wars" wedding without his and hers lightsabers, duh. [The Mary Sue]
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Adopted high-quality crocodile leather belt D buckle was stamped Omega logo buckle. -Machine called Omega art movement, engraved logo of Omega, Omega in parts.
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Senate panel clears Interior nominee
WASHINGTON — The Senate Energy Committee on Thursday endorsed President Obama's nomination of Sally Jewell to be Interior secretary, moving her nomination to the Senate floor for an expected vote next month.
The committee's 19-3 vote in favor of Jewell occurred because Interior Secretary Ken Salazar agreed to review a decision blocking construction of a gravel road through a wildlife refuge to provide access to an all-weather airport in rural Alaska.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, had threatened to hold up Jewell's nomination unless the Obama administration agreed to a land exchange that would allow the road, which would grant access to an all-weather airport for the remote community of King Cove, on the Bering Sea in southwestern Alaska.
Under the agreement, Interior will review an environmental analysis by the Fish and Wildlife Service that concluded the road could be harmful to geese and other waterfowl that fly through the refuge on their way to warmer climates. Murkowski says the report didn't adequately consider the importance of protecting human health and safety.
As part of the agreement, an assistant Interior secretary will visit King Cove and tour the site of the proposed road. If confirmed as Interior secretary, Jewell will tour the site, most likely this summer, Murkowski said.
Salazar didn't visit King Cove before rejecting the road, a point of contention for Murkowski and other Alaska lawmakers.


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text:
|Home Dr. Yuan Lin Research People Facilities Vacancies
|Selected Publications
Dr. Yuan Lin
Dr. Lin joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the University of Hong Kong in 2008 after serving a brief appointment at Brown University as a post-doctoral research associate.
Dr. Lin obtained a MS degree in Applied Mathematics in 2006 from Brown University, followed by a Ph.D. degree in Solid Mechanics in 2007.
Dr. Lin received the BS and MS degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Tsinghua University in 1999 and 2001, respectively.
T.H. Hui, K.W. Kwan, T.T.C. Yip, H.W. Fong, K.C. Ngan, M. Yu, S. Yao, A.H.W. Ngan and Y. Lin*. Regulating the membrane transport activity and death of leukemia and epithelial cancer cells via electro-osmotic manipulation. Biophysical Journal (In Press).
T.H. Hui, Z.L. Zhou, H.W. Fong, R. K.C. Ngan, T.Y. Lee, S.K. Au, A.H.W. Ngan, T.T.C. Yip and Y. Lin*. 2016. Characterizing the malignancy and drug resistance of cancer cells from their membrane resealing response. Scientific Reports. 6: 26692.
Z. Gong, R. You, R.C.C. Chang and Y. Lin*. 2016. Viscoelastic response of neural cells governed by the deposition of amyloid-ß peptides (Aß). Journal of Applied Physics. 119: 214701.
X. Wei, Q. Zhu, J. Qian, Y. Lin*, and V. B. Shenoy. 2016. Response of biopolymer networks governed by the physical properties of cross-linking molecules. Soft Matter. 12: 2537-2541 (Highlighted on journal cover).
T. H. Hui, F. Zheng, Y. Lin* and C. Fu. 2016. The linear and rotational motions of the fission yeast nucleus are governed by the stochastic dynamics of spatially distributed microtubules. Journal of Biomechanics. 49: 1034-1041.
X. Cao, Y. Lin, T.P. Driscoll, J. Franco-Barraza, E. Cukierman, R.L. Mauck and V.B. Shenoy. 2015. A chemo-mechanical model for extracellular matrix and nuclear rigidity regulated size of focal adhesion plaques. Biophysical Journal. 109: 1807-1817.
H. Jiang, J. Qian, Y. Lin, Y. Ni and L. He. 2015. Aggregation dynamics of molecular bonds between compliant materials. Soft Matter. 11: 2812-2820.
T.H. Hui, Z.L. Zhou, J. Qian, Y. Lin*, A.H.W. Ngan and H. Gao. 2014. Volumetric Deformation of Live Cells Induced by Pressure-Activated Cross-Membrane Ion Transport. Physical Review Letters. 113: 118101.
T.H. Hui, Q. Zhu, Z.L. Zhou, J. Qian and Y. Lin*. 2014. Probing the coupled adhesion and deformation characteristics of suspension cells. Applied Physics Letters. 105: 073703.
J. Lin, Y. Lin and J. Qian. 2014. Statistical Pull-off of Nanoparticles Adhering to Compliant Substrates. Langmuir. 30: 6089-6094.
Y. Lin*, X. Wei, J. Qian, K.Y. Sze and V.B. Shenoy. 2014. A combined finite element-Langevin dynamics (FEM-LD) approach for analyzing the mechanical response of bio-polymer networks. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 62: 2-18.
J. Lin, Y. Lin, H. Jiang and H. Yao. 2013. Bond formation of surface-tethered receptor-ligand pairs in relative separation. Applied Physics Letters. 103: 223702.
J. Qian, H. Liu, Y. Lin*, W. Chen and H. Gao. 2013. A Mechanochemical Model of Cell Reorientation on Substrates under Cyclic Stretch. PLoS ONE. 8: e65864.
W. Zhang, Y. Lin, J. Qian, W. Chen and H. Gao. 2013. Tuning Molecular Adhesion via Material Anisotropy. Advanced Functional Materials. 23: 4729-4738.
B. Hu, V.B. Shenoy and Y. Lin*. 2012. Buckling and enforced stretching of bio-filaments. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 60: 1941-1951.
Y. Lin* and S. Yao. 2012. Conformation and Confinement Energy of Interacting End-grafted Molecules. International Journal of Applied Mechanics. 4: 1250008.
K.Y. Ng, Y. Lin* and A.H.W. Ngan. 2011. Compression of Micron-sized Pillars of Anodic Aluminium Oxide Nano-honeycomb. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 59: 251-264.
L. Bai and Y. Lin*. 2011. Transient state model of actin-based motility. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters. 1: 014002.
Y. Lin*, V.B. Shenoy, B. Hu and L. Bai. 2010. A Microscopic Formulation for the Actin-Driven Motion of Listeria in Curved Paths. Biophysical Journal. 99: 1043-1052.
Y. Lin. 2010. A model of cell motility leading to biphasic dependence of transport speed on adhesive strength. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 58: 502-514.
J. Qian, J. Wang, Y. Lin and H. Gao. 2009. Lifetime and strength of periodic bond clusters between elastic media under inclined loading. Biophysical Journal. 97: 2438-2445.
Y. Lin. 2009. Mechanics model for actin-based motility. Physical Review E. 79: 021916.
K.Y. Ng, Y. Lin and A.H.W. Ngan. 2009. Deformation of anodic aluminum oxide nano-honeycombs during nanoindentation. Acta Materialia. 57: 2710-2720.
Y. Wu, G.L. Chen, X. D. Hui, C.T. Liu, Y. Lin, X.C. Shang and Z.P. Lu. 2009. A quantitative link between microplastic instability and macroscopic deformation behaviors in metallic glasses. Journal of Applied Physics. 106: 083512.
Y. Lin* and L.B. Freund. 2008. Optimum size of a molecular bond cluster in adhesion. Physical Review E. 78: 021909.
Y. Lin, M. Inamdar and L.B. Freund. 2008. The competition between Brownian motion and adhesion in soft materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 56: 241-250.
Y. Lin and L.B. Freund. 2007. A lower bound on receptor density for stable cell adhesion due to thermal undulations. Journal of Materials Science. 42: 8904-8910.
Y. Lin and L.B. Freund. 2007. Forced detachment of a vesicle in adhesive contact with a substrate. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 44: 1927-1938.
Y. Lin and T.C. Ovaert. 2006. Thermal distortion of an anisotropic elastic half-plane and its application in contact problem including frictional heating. Journal of Tribology. 128: 32-39.
L.B. Freund and Y. Lin. 2004. The role of binder mobility in spontaneous adhesive contact and implications for cell adhesion. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 52: 2455-2472.
Y. Lin and T.C. Ovaert. 2004. Indentation of an anisotropic half-space by a heated punch. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 71: 266-272.
Y. Lin and T.C. Ovaert. 2004. A rough surface contact model for general anisotropic materials. Journal of Tribology. 126: 41-49.
D.A. Shi, Y. Lin and T.C. Ovaert. 2003. Indentation of an orthotropic half space by a rigid ellipsoidal indenter. Journal of Tribology. 125: 223-231.
Y. Lin and J. Li. 2002. Deploying dynamics analysis of gravity-gradient stabilized satellite. Engineering Mechanics. 19: 135-139.
|Hong Kong University Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineerin © Copyright


text:
General Employee Retirement Committee Regular Meeting
City of Port Orange – City Hall
1000 City Center Circle, 2nd Floor – 2nd Floor Training Room
Monday, April 22, 2013 @ 10:00 a.m.
I. Call to Order:
Chair Donna Steinebach Vice-Chair Sonya Laney Wayne Saunders
Council Member Drew Bastian Deborah Trainor Kent Donahue
Linda Johnson
Introduce New Trustees
II. Real Estate Manager Presentations:
a. American Realty Advisors – Richelle Hayes (10:05 am to 10:35 am)
b. Intercontinental Real Estate – Peter Hapgood (10:40 am to 11:10 am)
c. Principal Enhanced Property – Rick Wilkins (11:15 am to 11:45 am)
III. Approval of Minutes:
a. March 25, 2013 – Quarterly Meeting
IV. Unfinished Business:
a. Mandatory Distributions for Approval (tabled from 3-25-2013 meeting)
· Stacie Daraio Total Withdrawal $ 4,650.33
· Steve Parnell Total Withdrawal $ 5,857.03
V. Financials:
b. Salem Trust – Cindy Farrow
· New Signature Card
· STIF Account Agreement
VI. New Business:
a. Knight's March 2013 Commission Recapture Statement
b. Review of Termination Procedures and Billing – Dave Leonard
c. Time Frame for 2013 Annual Pension Meeting
d. Michael Peace – Retirement Application for 8-18-2013
e. Donald Stuhr – Retirement Monthly Benefit Payment for Approval
f. Steven Levine – Retirement Monthly Benefit Payment for Approval
g. Years of Service Issue for Krystal Hopkins-Peace
VII. Consent Agenda:
For Approval:
Benefits USA, Inc. (Admin Fees 04/2013; INV #POG052) $ 2,500.00
Southeastern Advisory (Investment Consulting Services: INV #1301) $ 4,635.00
ICC Capital Management (2nd Qtr '13 Mgmt Fees; INV #57533091) $18,351.27
Integrity Fix Income Management (1st Qtr '13 Mgmt Fees; INV #1692) $ 2,666.92
For Ratification:
Benefits USA, Inc. (Admin Fees 03/2013 plus Postage; INV #POG051) $ 2,556.12
Integrity Fix Income Management (4th Qtr '12 Mgmt Fees; INV #1670) $ 2,652.77
VIII. Distributions:
Mandatory Plan
For Approval:
a. Luis Nunez Total Withdrawal $ 7,152.52
VIII. Reports:
a. Attorney
b. Comments from Committee Members
c. Administrator
IX. Next Meeting Date:
May 20, 2013 – Regular Meeting
X. Adjournment:
Any person who desires to appeal any decision made by the General Employee Retirement Committee will need a record of the proceedings, and for such purpose he or she may need to ensure at his or her own expense for the taking and preparation of a verbatim record of all testimony and evidence of the proceedings upon which the appeal is based.
NOTE: If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding, you are entitled, at no cost to you, to the provision of certain assistance. Please contact the City Clerk for the City of Port Orange, 1000 City Center Circle, Port Orange, Florida 32129, Telephone Number (386) 506-5563, within (2) two working days of your receipt of this notice or (5) five days prior to the meeting date; If you are hearing or voice impaired, contact the relay operator at 1-800-955-8771.


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text: 3/29/11 3/29/11 POPSUGAR Celebrity Barry Pepper Pictures of Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise at The Kennedys Premiere Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise Stick Together to Show Off The Kennedys March 29, 2011 by Allie Merriam 23 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 7 of 19 Start Slideshow ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy ← Use Arrows Keys → 7 Previous Next Barry PepperCelebrity PicturesThe KennedysGreg KinnearRed CarpetAutumn ReeserKatie HolmesTom Cruise


text:
|Trad, 1 pitch, 50'
|YDS: 5.9 French: 5c Ewbanks: 17 UIAA: VI ZA: 17 British: HVS 5a [details]
|Hank Armantrout and Mike Mead, 1993
|Page Views:
|Submitted By:
|Ryan Brough on Jun 17, 2007
|Comments on Presiding Nymph
|Add Comment
|Show which comments —
By Boissal
From: Small Lake, UT
Oct 18, 2009
rating: 5.9 5c 17 VI 17 HVS 5a
A selection of no nuts and cams from BD .4 to 3 with doubles on #2 and #3 would be more appropriate. It's a handcrack after all... Tape useful.
Helmet for the belayer who will get doused by a shower of choss.
The rap tree is dead, the massive pine tree 20' back on the ledge will force your ropes in a slot and get them stuck, rap off a small solid pine to the right. Beware of the huge dead pine and large pieces of choss ready to be dislodged when you pull the rope.
As grungy as it looks but surprisingly fun.
By Crag Turkey
From: Holladay, UT
Jun 9, 2015
rating: 5.9 5c 17 VI 17 HVS 5a
|This one is totally worth the struggle up to it. I give it 3 stars but as the previous user mentioned, get ready for some grit. I had to clear cobwebs has I climbed, and had to deal with angry flies biting my leg once I ran it out past the spike. Not to mention the shower of choss. I loved the crack, the gritty stemming, and the alpine top out. I struggled a bit because the exfoliating rock at the crux encouraged me to lunge for the jam. Don't become a victim of exfoliation, and work your way through the moves, it's thin but all there. I'd recommend a good amount of webbing for the top out. I used two #1 Camalots, one #2 and a selection of cams from a purple Metolius to a #2 Camalot, Some could probably use two #2's. Expect a alpine feel coming up to do this, if you cannot handle a bit of grit, this one may not be for you.
By Kyle Goupil
From: SLC, UT
Jun 22, 2015
The hike up to this wall a grunt and a bushwhack, in my opinion not worth it for this one climb. The route itself is pretty fun, but extremely dirty. If it saw more traffic it would get better.
The anchors at the top are terrible I would not recommend rapping off of them. Its sun-bleached webbing wrapping around a small dead tree. Very scary.


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New Mexico Telegram » Morning Word » Morning Word, 5-22-12
Morning Word, 5-22-12
Some website news that won't be all that welcome around here. Expect a little bit less of the NM Telegram that you've grown accustomed to after the past few months.
Why? Well, the website wasn't making even the bare minimum amount of break-even money that I needed to pay for basic things like rent or food. This is a common thing among state bloggers, something that I believe I would be able to overcome, perhaps foolishly. So I now have a normal job. Nothing to do with politics, just something that will pay the bills and take up 40 hours of my week.
I hope one day that this site will be something that is viable as a primary job for me. But it is rare that such a thing can happen for anyone who isn't independently wealthy or with connections with the insiders who happen to be wealthy.
To all of you who have donated, thank you a million times. Thank you for supporting real, independent journalism.
If you choose to donate, know that these donations will go towards things to improve the website. I still want to launch a podcast. I still want to get a video camera to do some video posts. And I will still do my best to cover New Mexico news and politics with as much as my new time constraints will allow.
I've never been good at asking people for money, even when it is needed. I've never been good at selling myself or putting myself out in front; I never want to make myself the story. Writing those posts asking for donations were about as pleasant as having someone do a root canal without drugs. Bugging campaigns or groups to advertise feels like just that to me — bugging. Maybe it is something that I need to do more of if something like this website is going to succeed on its own. But for now, I'm going to regroup, make some money (though not a lot) and keep this site going the best that it can.
Thank you to all the readers — and keep coming back. The site will stay alive. The Morning Word will continue to be on the site (and in your inbox for free if you want!). But things will slow down a little bit. News that breaks in the afternoon and evening will not be immediately written about, but will happen well after midnight. So keep coming back.
This isn't an end, just a different (hopefully temporary) phase for the site.
Anyway, on to the Word:
- Rep. Brian Egolf, D-Santa Fe, is starting a PAC to help Democrats keep control of the House.Egolf wrote at Democracy for New Mexico:
Democrats already lost one seat in redistricting, so we must gain seats in November or there will be a Republican Speaker of the House, and Governor Martinez will have the rubber stamp legislature she wants. We cannot risk losing control to a Tea Party-controlled Republican majority.
- Carl Trujillo says in an NMPolitics.net opinion piece that David Coss is spreading misinformation about his campaign.
My stands on the issues are clear – they've been on my website since the beginning of the LAST campaign in 2010 – and for Mayor Coss and his campaign to suggest otherwise is dishonest political posturing.
I've been a Democrat since I was first old enough to vote. And I'm proud to come from a long line of Democrats, because I believe in the values that the Democratic Party has long stood for – chief among them, fairness, honesty, social justice and inclusivity.
One word that didn't' appear in Trujillo's piece? Debate. It appears that Trujillo still refuses to participate in debates.
- Politico's Dave Cantanese tweets:
. @Heather4Senate has best shot but needs mistake free baseball RT @jimofma: @davecatanese What about #HISEN #NMSEN #FLSEN?
— davecatanese (@davecatanese) May 22, 2012
Seems about right. Wilson is a formidable campaigner, but is competing in a state that is turning increasingly blue — and in a Presidential year, no less.
- Senate District 39's Democratic primary is getting some attention, with incumbent state Sen. Phil Griego battling to keep his seat against challengers Jack Sullivan and Nicole Castellanos. The Santa Fe New Mexican wrote about it:
The challenge to Griego's hold on power comes after Senate District 39 underwent a dramatic makeover due to redistricting, the once-a-decade redrawing of legislative boundaries. Gone are precincts from Los Alamos, Mora and Taos counties. New to the district are precincts in Lincoln, Torrance and Valencia counties, giving Senate District 39 one of the larger geographical footprints in New Mexico."Forty percent of the voters are new to the district," Sullivan said. "We have a better opportunity to get a message out to voters who are willing to listen."
And NMPolitics.net as well, which highlighted the ethics complaints against Griego. Griego did not respond to requests from comment from either the New Mexican or NMPolitics.net.
- The winners in 15 primary elections in June will have no competition in the general election in November, the conservative Capitol Report New Mexico reports.
- John Fleck writes about the battle between the state government and the federal government on the state of the Rio Grande. And, of course, the silvery minnow is in the middle of all of it, although Fleck says it is more than just for the minnow. In other words, read Fleck's column.
- Torrance County Commissioners are upping their complaints about Hector Balderas in relation to the audit his office is compiling against the commission. Commissioners say he broke the law by giving an interview to a local TV news station before providing the audit to the commission. Balderas says the county commission is trying to muzzle a public official.
- A New Mexico State University researcher received a grant to map chile genetics.
- Johnny Depp was adopted into the Comanche Nation.
Filed under: Morning Word


text:
WWFO: Saki Kumagai scores the penalty to win the Women's World Cup for JapanSunday, July 17th, 2011
It's all over. After three intense weeks in Germany the Women's World Cup all came down to this. Saki Kumagai stepped up for Japan in the penalty shoot-out and fired past Hope Solo to win the shootout 3-1 and claim the title for Japan.
2 Responses to "WWFO: Saki Kumagai scores the penalty to win the Women's World Cup for Japan"
Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It actually was once a entertainment account it. Glance complex to more delivered agreeable from you! However, how could we keep in touch?
After all, what a great site and informative posts, I will upload inbound link – bookmark this web site? Regards, Reader.


text:
by Staff Writers
Paris (ESA) Jul 08, 2014
ESA has selected the Athena advanced telescope for high-energy astrophysics as its second 'Large-class' science mission. The observatory will study the hot and energetic Universe and takes the 'L2' slot in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-25 plan, with a launch foreseen in 2028.
By combining a large X-ray telescope with state-of-the-art scientific instruments, Athena will address key questions in astrophysics, including: how and why does ordinary matter assemble into the galaxies and galactic clusters that we see today? How do black holes grow and influence their surroundings? Scientists believe that black holes lurk at the centre of almost all galaxies and that they play a fundamental role in their formation and evolution.
To investigate this connection, Athena will observe X-ray emission from very hot material just before it is swallowed by a black hole, measuring distortions due to gravitational light-bending and time-delay effects in this extreme environment. Athena will also be able to determine the spin of the black hole itself.
Athena's powerful instruments will also allow unprecedented studies of a wide range of astronomical phenomena. These include distant gamma-ray bursts, the hot gas found in the space around clusters of galaxies, the magnetic interplay between exoplanets and their parent stars, Jupiter's auroras and comets in our own Solar System.
"Athena will be a state-of-the-art observatory that will provide a significant leap forward in scientific capabilities compared with previous X-ray missions, and will address fundamental open questions in astrophysics," says Alvaro Gimenez, ESA's Director of Science and Robotic Exploration.
"Its selection ensures that Europe's success in the field of X-ray astronomy is maintained far beyond the lifetime of our flagship observatory XMM-Newton." The selection process for L2 began in March 2013, when ESA issued a call to the European science community to suggest the scientific themes to be pursued by the Cosmic Vision programme's second and third Large missions.
In November 2013, the theme of "the hot and energetic Universe" was selected for L2 for a launch in 2028, with "the gravitational Universe" selected for L3 and a planned launch in 2034. Now officially selected for L2, Athena now moves into a study phase. Once the mission design and costing have been completed, it will eventually be proposed for 'adoption' in around 2019, before the start of construction.
After launch, Athena will travel to its operational orbit around the gravitationally semi-stable location in space some 1.5 million kilometres beyond Earth as seen from the Sun - a position coincidentally known as L2. ESA's Herschel, Planck and Gaia missions have also used L2 orbits.
Related Links
ESA's Cosmic Vision
Stellar Chemistry, The Universe And All Within It
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We're still in the midst of a beautiful fall, and there's still time to decorate before Thanksgiving arrives. All fall decor and gift items are 10% off between November 5th to the 10th. This includes decorative items from Raz Imports, silk arrangements and framed artwork.
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Ms Lee is moving out of her parents' home in Melbourne's south-east suburbs and says her new home, on a tram line and just 3.5 kilometres from the central business district, was more important than a lot of private space.
"I spend a lot of time at work and there's not necessarily that much time spent at home," she says.
The 160-apartment Haven development has communal areas such as an outdoor retreat with a fireplace, a dining room and rooftop pool, where Ms Lee says she can entertain friends.
"I'm probably not getting a lot in terms of real estate – it's a 42-square-metre-apartment with a five-metre balcony. If I need that bigger space to invite friends . . . there (are) those areas."
With young professionals increasingly choosing apartments over traditional detached houses for the proximity to jobs and centres of activity they offer, developers and designers are rethinking usage of the space in which we live. But it presents a challenge both to architects and the planning regimes within which they work.
Flexible space
Some designers are already doing bespoke redevelopments to permit occupants to stay in apartments and make them useful for longer – such as when a couple has children – but more flexible use of space is becoming a mainstream offering.
Ms Lee is trading off private space for communal space.
"The savvy developers are on to facilities in developments that appeal to those people that want a typical suburban home, but can't afford the commute," says
"So they're putting facilities in the development like common gardens, common dining rooms that can accommodate social activities like dinner parties, special occasions."
A separate development in Essendon in Melbourne's north offers one-bedroom apartments with a flexible wall that moves on runners to create a second bedroom, study or dining area.
"We have to try and find ingenious ways to find storage and be as flexible as we can with what we've got," says
Traditional rooms go
A willingness to forgo, for example, rooms that are traditional features of a house but are little used – can go a long way towards promoting denser living, particularly in urban infill areas. Still, regulations have discouraged much of the design innovation that makes these possible and this week's Plan Melbourne blueprint goes further down that road, says architect
Mr Jordan's firm
"It does chuck the baby out with the bathwater a little bit. Innovation along the lines of having moveable walls hasn't really been considered in these sorts of controls."
Not everyone agrees. Sydney architect
"If the architect can present serious precedents of wonderful architecture in other places that show how clever design can squeeze out more in less, then that would get through in my experience," he said.
The Australian Financial Review


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Alpacas in Illinois | Alpacas of Indian Point Hills
Alpacas of Indian Point Hills is a family run farm, committed to the success of this industry. We are members of AOBA, IAOBA, and ARI. We are very active members of the alpaca community and serve on a show committee and education committee. We attend several shows each year and have ribbon winning alpacas. One thing we have learned about the alpaca business is that as a start up farm, and sometimes even experienced farms, you need the support of other farms. We are committed to educating ourselves and others by continuing to learn and gain knowledge and by building a network of support. We will do everything we can to help other farms and if we cannot answer your questions, we will likely know someone who can.
We are pleased that you visited our Web site and hope you will visit our Alpaca Farm at 17229 Vaneman St in Petersburg IL. We look forward to your visit and sharing our Alpaca experiences and knowledge. Please call or send us a e-mail to schedule your visit.
Open house seminar and pen sale – see events page for more information
Call us at 217-632-2590 or fill out our online contact form.
© Copyright 2008 Alpacas of Indian Point Hills All Rights Reserved
Web Design and Hosting by iBizwebsite
Cities Serviced


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Kernels release 2014 Midwest League Schedule
Opening Day: April 3rd vs. Clinton
By Andrew Pantini / Cedar Rapids Kernels | August 23, 2013 1:09 PM ET
Cedar Rapids, IA - The Cedar Rapids Kernels release their 2014 Midwest League Home Schedule today with Opening Day set for Thursday, April 3rd against the Clinton LumberKings at 6:35 pm.
Starting Monday, September 23rd, the Kernels will begin taking group outing reservations for the 2014 season. Contact Andrea Brommelkamp at (319) 896-7603 (firstname.lastname@example.com) to reserve one of the Kernels many group outing areas. Areas include the Plumbers and Pipefitters Pavilion, Arctic Insulation Party Plaza, Miller Mezzanine, Cedar Rapids Area Association of Realtors Grand Slam Suite and Kernels Diamond Suites.
Season ticket packages for the 2014 season will go on sale in late-September. Individual game tickets for the 2014 season will go on sale to the general public on Monday, March 10, 2014 at 10 am.
The Kernels wrap up a seven game road trip tonight at 7:00 pm in Davenport, IA against the Quad Cities River Bandits. They return home to Perfect Game Field at Veterans Memorial Stadium on Saturday, August 24th.
Morgan Hawk brings you all of the play-by-play on the radio home of Kernels baseball, 1450 KMRY AM and 93.1 KMRY FM. Fans may listen on-line at www.kmryradio.com, or www.kernels.com.
Tickets for the seven remaining home games, plus the Kernels home playoff games, may be purchased on-line at www.kernels.com, or by calling the Kernels Ticket Office at 896-7560. Ticket office hours are 10 am to 5 pm, Monday through Friday, and 10 am to 2 pm on Saturday.
View More


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Here, we will look into the starting rotations of each club and analyze player movement across levels from the end of last season to the start of 2014.
Rotations and role changers
As has been the Cardinals' practice in recent years, the rotations for the Triple-A and Double-A squads will consist of five pitchers. For the first month or so of the season, the Class A-Advanced and Class-A clubs will have a six-man rotation and a pen with seven relievers instead of eight.
In addition, five pitchers who were starters last season have been moved to the bullpen for 2014. Do not look at that as a negative, as three of the five were promoted a level in the process. They are also noted below.
|Castro, Angel
|Blair, Seth
|Cuda, Joe
|Brookshire, C.*
|Cooney, Tim*
|Cornelius, Jonathan*
|Gonzales, Marco*
|Garcia, Silfredo
|Lyons, Tyler*
|Gaviglio, Sam
|Hald, Kyle*
|Petree, Nick
|McGregor, Scott
|Heyer, Kurt
|Helisek, Kyle*
|Reed, Jimmy*
|Whiting, Boone
|Petrick, Zach
|Jones, Cory
|Reyes, Alex
|Mayers, Mike
|Reyes, Arturo
|Starter to relief
|Ferrara, Anthony*
|Herget, Kevin
|Sherriff, Ryan*
|McKnight, Blake
|* left-handed
|Perry, Chris
The Memphis rotation is a mixed bag. There are no 95-plus mph fireballers or sure things, though lefty control artist Tim Cooney may have the most runway. Tyler Lyons is a dependable veteran whose ultimate future may be in relief. Boone Whiting and Scott McGregor will provide innings. Journeyman Angel Castro was moved off the 40-man roster this spring.
Even without injured Tyrell Jenkins, the Palm Beach rotation features three top-21 hurlers in Marco Gonzales, Cory Jones and Mike Mayers. After Gonzales, there are two more left-handers in the "Kyle Hs" – Hald and Helisek. Joe Cuda rounds out the starting six.
Number seven prospect Alex Reyes is up from Johnson City to provide star power to Peoria's rotation. Silfredo Garcia is the only returnee. The final four are up from State College's 2013 starting group – lefties Chase Brookshire and Jimmy Reed and righties Nick Petree and Arturo Reyes.
Among the converted pitchers, Ryan Sherriff started 34 games over the last two seasons. Anthony Ferrara had a head start on his new role, working in relief in the Arizona Fall League. Chris Perry is back with the Chiefs after making a total of 13 starts there and with State College. Blake McKnight and Kevin Herget were in Johnson City's and State College's rotations, respectively.
Note in the following tables that pitchers are grouped on top with position players below.
|Up one level
|Cooney, Tim*
|Billbrough, Logan
|Helisek, Kyle*
|Brookshire, C.*
|Wyatt, Heath
|Gaviglio, Sam
|Jones, Cory
|Herget, Kevin
|Heyer, Kurt
|Llorens, Dixon
|Petree, Nick
|Shaban, Ronnie
|Mayers, Mike
|Reed, Jimmy*
|Sherriff, Ryan*
|Tuivailala, Sam
|Reyes, Arturo
|Grichuk, Randal
|Popkins, David#
|Martini, Nick*
|Bosco, Jimmy*
|Mateo, Luis
|Rodriguez, Jonathan
|Valera, Breyvic#
|Castillo, Ronald
|Piscotty, Stephen
|Wisdom, Patrick
|Vargas, Ildemaro
|Katz, Mason
|Scruggs, Xavier
|Washington, David*
|Kelly, Carson
|Schulze, Michael*
|Valera, Cesar
|Young, Matthew
|Up two levels
|Donofrio, Joe
|Loraine, Zach
|McKnight, Blake
|Reyes, Alex
|Keener, Jonathan DL
|Ramos, Steven
|Bean, Steve*
|Peoples-Walls, K.
|Up three levels
|Stone, Jake*
|New additions
|Diaz, Aledmys
|# switch-hitter
Not surprisingly, the lower one goes in the system, the more promotions there are. Only six members of the 2014 Memphis Redbirds finished last season in Double-A. One, Luis Mateo, actually made his Triple-A debut earlier before dropping back down. Cooney and outfielders Randal Grichuk and Stephen Piscotty headline this group.
Among the 10 new to Palm Beach are starters Jones and Mayers plus hard-throwing relievers Dixon Llorens and Sam Tuivailala. Labeled as a two-level jumper, New York-Penn League batting champ Steven Ramos actually started with Peoria last year before being sent back.
Peoria has just six hold-overs from the close of the 2013 Midwest League season, creating opportunity for one-level jumps (from short-season State College) and two-level leaps (from the rookie-level Appalachian League). In one extreme example, a player competing last summer below level, in the Gulf Coast League, is opening with the Class-A Chiefs. That is first baseman Jake Stone.
Perhaps the most interesting prospect on the Chiefs roster is taking the big step from Johnson City. I am referring to right-hander Alex Reyes. The 19-year-old isn't the only prospect passing over State College as catcher Steve Bean and .300-hitting shortstop-turned centerfielder Kenny Peoples-Walls are joining him. Based on past numbers alone, Bean may face the steepest adjustment curve to the Midwest League.
2013 State College hitting leaders Mason Katz and Ronald Castillo are also new Chiefs as is a returnee at a new position. Of course, that is former third baseman and now catcher Carson Kelly, who started 2013 at Peoria, but finished back at State College before undertaking his defensive conversion last fall.
Down one level
With the push of players up through the ranks, several others were required to make what is hoped to be temporary moves back down to a previous level. The reason is less about performance and more about playing time – finding at-bats and innings pitched.
|Down one level
|Baker, Corey
|Barraclough, Kyle
|Miclat, Greg (TEX)
|Rasmus, Casey#
|O'Neill, Mike*
|Rodriguez, Starlin
|Ramsey, James*
|Tartamella, Travis
Three former S-Cards are now back in Palm Beach, including second baseman-turned outfielder Starlin Rodriguez on his second such cycle and catcher Casey Rasmus. The latter was bumped down by Travis Tartamella's return to Springfield from Memphis. Kyle Barraclough moved down to Peoria from Palm Beach as he works his way back from earlier shoulder problems.
More information
The team rosters here at The Cardinal Nation are as up-to-date as any source currently on the internet. To access them, click on the words "MILB ROSTERS" on the red bar to the right of The Cardinal Nation site logo.
To see the Cardinals' entire system by level and position on one page, check out the Roster Matrix at The Cardinal Nation blog. It will be updated later in the week, probably on Thursday's opening day for the minor leagues.
Look for the full extended spring training roster at the end of this week. Also ahead, Cardinals international director Moises Rodriguez will take subscribers through the Dominican Summer League players coming to EST this spring.
Brian Walton can be reached via email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Also catch his Cardinals commentary daily at The Cardinal Nation blog. Follow Brian on Twitter.
© 2014 The Cardinal Nation, thecardinalnation.com and stlcardinals.scout.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Ice Cream Lamp in Pink
I wrote about a giant ice cream lamp in white. This time I found it's partner, a GIANT PINK Ice Cream Lamp. Looks even sweeter and tastier looking. I wouldn't mind having both. ;)
eeeeuuuwwww! but bwaaaahaaahaa! Not sure who thinks of these things, but this would make a very funny gift for the breakfast lover who likes to floss between meals.Tags: teeth, random, coffee, breakfast, bacon, dental hygiene, dental floss, floss, strangeAdded 7 Years Ago from Urban Outfitters
Bring the Rubix cude back with this unique clock!
i love this. isn't just so clever?
Great for making calls to your stomach.Tags: toys, home, fashion, gifts, food, electronics, phones, movies, appliancesAdded 8 Years Ago from Amazon.com
I think I'm going to order a few dozen of these for my single gal pals this VD...especially for my BFF, Nana (does NOT rhyme with bananna). She's kissed many-a-frogs, still no prince and I suspect she's become quite jaded.Tags: toys, love, frog, Magic, funny, cute, prince charming, frog prince, gift ideasAdded 8 Years Ago from Amazon.com
A day time disco ball. Solar powered making your days that much more interesting.Tags: gifts, entertaining, home decor, bars, balls, decorations, sun, air, solar powerAdded 8 Years Ago from Urban Outfitters
Brrr! Good thing we've got this fireplace. Think warm thoughts with this decorative, 3D corrugated paper fireplace, perfect for creating a cozy atmosphere pretty much anywhere.Added 8 Years Ago from Urban Outfitters
Ahahahaha granny teeth!Added 8 Years Ago from Amazon.com
Yet another piece of functional jewelry that I love. This tiny musical necklace is sure to amuse any wearer and/ or listener!
I have an obsession with bacon, so my boyfriend bought me this as a joke. Pretty darn fanstastic if you ask me!Added 9 Years Ago from wishingfish
Check out these cute stacking utensils for yourself or the kids. Now leggo my Eggo!
Who doesn't love toast? And well, when toast loves you back it's that much tastier.Tags: gifts, food, kitchen, cooking, cookware, breakfast, kitchenware, housewares, heartAdded 9 Years Ago from Fredflare
Typewriters will forever be cool in my book. I love them! Manual only, of course.
Kiss your lame phone good byeTags: kids, home, fashion, gifts, electronics, phones, technology, office, styleAdded 9 Years Ago from Fredflare
While I don't like this quite as much as the girl in the picture seems to, I do think it will be a cute addition to my 7-yr-old's room. Available in Vanilla and Strawberry.


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Thursday, March 6th, 2014, at approximately 12:30 in the afternoon, Mike Trout may have changed the game of baseball for the better with a not so simple play. The stats didn't matter, due to it being a Spring Training exhibition game between the Los Angeles Angels and Los Angeles Dodgers that ended in a four to four tie after ten innings. However, in the first inning, Mike Trout may have made baseball history.
On a 2-0 count, Mike Trout hit a ball to center field past the diving glove of Yasiel Puig. The ball trickled to the center field wall and Trout rounded the bases in a hurry. Puig hit the cutoff man (Hanley Ramirez) and a play at the plate occured with Mike Trout being called out by third-base umpire, Patrick Hoberg, on a tag by A.J. Ellis.
Angels manager, Mike Scioscia, hustled to the plate immediately and began to talk with both Hoberg, and crew chief umpire, Gerry Davis. At the time, we believed that Scioscia had asked for a challenge, something completely new to the baseball world. However, Scioscia was beginning to explain another new concept of the baseball world, the contact at the plate rule.
As established less than a month prior to the incident, Major League Baseball established a new rule, such being Rule 7.13 which states:
"Unless the catcher is in possession of the ball, the catcher cannot block the pathway of a runner as he is attempting to score. If, in the judgment of the umpire, the catcher, without possession of the ball, blocks the pathway of the runner, the umpire shall call or signal the runner safe."
With this said, Scioscia believed that Ellis was blocking the plate without possession of the ball, not allowing Trout the proper given space to a pathway to home plate.
The umpires decided to review the play under their will and would not challenge Scioscia and the Angels with a challenge. After review, the call on the field was upheld and Trout was called out in an inside-the-park home run attempt.
The play brought attention to both new rules of 2014 established by Major League Baseball.
So, in thirty years, when you're arguing about what Mike Trout did for the game of baseball, positive or negative, this could be a defining moment in Trout's career, being the first to bring in to effect the "catcher in possession" rule and the new challenge system. Mike Trout easily could have changed the way baseball is played with an inside-the-park home run attempt, very few will ever remember.
For more updates on the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, follow me on Twitter, @TaylorBlakeWard, and make sure to follow @ScoutAngels as well while doing so.


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Swisher 16 Cubic Feet ATV Poly Dump Cart
Item # WX2-118466
Mfg. Number: 12007
Swisher 16 Cubic Feet ATV Poly Dump Cart
Item # WX2-118466
Mfg. Number: 12007
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- Details & Specs
With an extra-tough, high-density poly box and 2" tubular steel frame, this Poly Cart hauls rocks, logs and debris with ease. The large ATV tires, 20" ground clearance and extra long tow bar allow you to tow through any terrain and make sharper turns, when necessary. When you get to your destination, quickly unload your cargo by removing the release pin and tilting the tub. It couldn't be simpler! Clean-up is as easy as hosing it down and the sealed precision ball bearings mean you won't have to grease them, saving you time and money.
- Ruggedly designed to go where your ATV can go
- Extra-tough, high-density poly box with tilt bed poly tub
- Large ATV tires with 20" of ground clearance
- High speed sealed precision ball bearings
- Heavy duty 2" tubular steel frame with 2" receiver coupler
- Extra long tow bar allows for sharper turning radius, while offering more space behind ATV rack for optional rack accessories
- Powder coat paint provides durable, ultra tough finish
- Some assembly required
- 750-lb. capacity
Order today!
Please Note: This item is shipped by commercial carrier curbside. Unloading is the customer's responsibility, including off the back of the truck. Ships in 1 box: 54" x 46" x 12", 100 lbs. No expedited delivery. High-value orders require a physical street address, otherwise insurance costs will be added to the shipping total.Key Specifications
- Item Number: 118466
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- Cubic Feet: 16
- Mfg. Number: 12007
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- Bronx Banter - http://www.bronxbanterblog.com -
Welcome To My Nightmare
Posted By Alex Belth On August 4, 2013 @ 9:19 pm In 1: Featured,Game Recap,Yankees | Comments Disabled
No, we aren't talking about Alex Rodriguez. His nightmare is recurring and not likely to go away anytime soon. Tomorrow will bring official word that he's being suspended and the coming days and weeks will give us more than we can stomach.
Today's nightmare isn't even Phil Hughes, who didn't make it out of the 3rd inning today pitching in front of family and friends in San Diego. No, it's Derek Jeter who has a Grade 1 calf strain [2]:
"It's been terrible," Jeter said. "It's been like a nightmare. The whole season has been a nightmare. I really don't know what to tell you. I wish that wasn't the case and we were sitting here talking about something besides another injury. We'll see what happens. I have no idea."
The game, a bummer (Padres 6, Yanks 3 [3]) but the news is more dispiriting than that.
..with more mishegoss on deck. Buckle up.
[Photo Credit: Matt Slocum/AP]
Article printed from Bronx Banter: http://www.bronxbanterblog.com
URL to article: http://www.bronxbanterblog.com/2013/08/04/welcome-to-my-nightmare-2/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://www.bronxbanterblog.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ny_a_jeterd_576.jpg
[2] Grade 1 calf strain: http://yankees.lhblogs.com/2013/08/04/postgame-notes-93/
[3] Padres 6, Yanks 3: http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/gameday/index.jsp?gid=2013_08_04_nyamlb_sdnmlb_1&mode=box
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2011 Bronx Banter. All rights reserved.


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P.E.I. fiddling sensation Cynthia MacLeod will be the guest of Jon Matthews and Sheila FitzPatrick at the final installment of their Brackley Beach Fiddle and Song concert series this Wednesday, Aug. 27, 7:30 p.m. at the air-conditioned Brackley Beach Community Centre. All ages are welcome.
BRACKLEY BEACH – After a successful first season of the Brackley Beach Fiddle and Song series, hosted by Jon Matthews and Sheila FitzPatrick, the two plan to end the summer with a musical bang. Closing out the season this Wednesday, Aug. 27, at 7:30 p.m. at the Brackley Beach Community Centre, they will be joined by P.E.I. fiddling sensation Cynthia MacLeod.
Well known to Islanders and P.E.I. visitors, MacLeod's energy and infectious enthusiasm is present in every live performance. She has taken her music all over the world and has been a true musical ambassador for Prince Edward Island.
The air-conditioned Brackley Beach Community Centre is located at 3330 Brackley Point Road, about 15 minutes outside of Charlottetown. All ages are welcome with admission by cash only at the door. Canteen service is available along with a 50/50 draw and musical recordings for sale.


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Peggy Butkier, Mr. Ordo�ez's guidance counselor, persuaded him to ask Dartmouth for more money.Franklin was turned down by Georgetown, UPenn, Harvard, and Cornell, and has decided, "I'm going to Dartmouth, whatever."
"I sent a yellow appeal paper," said Mr. Ordo�ez, but he added that he was not willing to accept the school's offer of a federal loan. "I don't want to pay interest. They got to give me more money, they can't be stingy with the money."
Sunday, April 17, 2005
'They Can't Be Stingy With the money'
4 comments:
- Anonymous said...
According to another piece in the same series Mr. Ordonez scored 1170 on the SAT.
- April 18, 2005 3:31 AM
- Anonymous said...
Thank you for bringing this to our attention. I'm sure this will upset many of my friends who look back on our college experience fondly, not as a greedy business transaction.
- April 18, 2005 10:26 AM
- Nathan Wersal said...
1170? Isn't the new SAT for the '09s out of a possible 2400? What a champ.
- April 18, 2005 10:28 AM
- TO said...
No. The 2400 SAT is for the '10s. The Dartmouth financial aid website says that the SATs or ACTs must be taken by January of the senior year of high school
And the new SAT wasn't rolled out until March
And the College allows the '10s to submit old SAT scores.
1170 is rather shitty under either system, though. Perhaps his "business acumen" will add "diversity" to the mix of '09s. I can't fault the guy for trying to get what money he thinks he can toward his tuition. The "can't be stingy" quote makes it sound like the little twerp thinks he's entitled to it, but maybe in context it wouldn't come across that way.
- April 18, 2005 12:26 PM