text:
By William Shakespeare
Directed by Fontaine Syer
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Preshow Lecture »
November 13-14, 17-21 at 7:30pm
November 21 at 2:00pm
Ruth N. Halls Theatre
Welcome to our study guide for As You Like It. We prepared these resources for professors, teachers, students, and anyone who would like to learn more about As You Like It.
Enclosed in these pages you will find scenic designs, costume designs, and essays about elements in William Shajkespeare's As You Like It. Frequently you will find images that are too small to see on most monitors. Just click on the image to see a larger view.
There are categories of literature, music, or drama called genres, and "the pastoral" genre was quite popular in Shakespeares time. In Hamlet, the kings advisor Polonius announces that a troupe of actors has arrived to entertain the court, and he lists all the dramatic genres with which he is familiar. As usual, Polonius goes overboard:
The actors come hither, my lord. The best actors in world, either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical, historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene undividable, or poem unlimited; Seneca [Roman writer of tragedies] cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus [Roman writer of comedies] too light, for the law of writ and liberty: these are the only men.
The pastoral is a genre of literature that takes place in the country and depicts life there in a romanticized and highly idealized way. The genre fits in the logical progression from tragedy to comedy: the pastoral would be the next link in the chain. In the classical tradition, tragedy focuses on nobility and takes place at court (Macbeth is king, Hamlet is a prince, Othello is a general, and Romeo is the son of a nobleman). Comedy, meanwhile, usually focused on people who were not nobles, but everyday citizens whose comic situations were worked out in the public sectors of town.
In contrast, the pastoral drama or poem or romance depicted life far from the city in a countryside that was both idyllic and ideal. The shepherds and shepherdesses in a pastoral poem lived an almost perfect existence; their lives were closer to ideal than those of their well-bred cousins in the city and at court, whose existence, in contrast, was tedious and hypocritical. In a pastoral poem, romance, or drama, the shepherds write poems and live with a nobility that far exceeds their lineage or education.
Here is a pastoral poem that illustrates these qualities: "The Passionate Shepherd to his Love," written by the poet, playwright, and spy Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593). Notice how the speaker in the poem describes life in the country, how he views rural existence as a wonderful, luscious way to spend ones time:
Come live with me and be my Love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dale and field, And all the craggy mountains yield There will we sit upon the rocks And see the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers, to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals. And I will make thee beds of roses And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle [a woman's gown] Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle; A gown made of the finest wool Which from our pretty lambs we pull; Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold; A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs: And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with me and be my love. The shepherds' swains shall dance and sing [country youths] For thy delight each May morning: If these delights thy mind may move, Then live with me and be my love.
Pastoral poems first appeared in English in the early 1500s. An incredibly popular pastoral poem, Edmund Spenser's The Shepheardes Calendar, was published in 1579, establishing the genre in poetry and building a basis for the popularity of the pastoral play. The Shepheardes Calendar was written in dialect and consisted of twelve sections, one for each month of the year. Here is a link to a PDF of the poem, if you'd like to read it.
It may be difficult for us to imagine how popular these pastoral romances, poems, and plays were with almost everyone in Shakespeare's time. But popular, they were, indeed. Pastoral dramas first appeared in Renaissance Italy, according to scholar J. E. Congleton, with Agostino de'Beccari's Il Sacrificio (1554) leading to "the heyday of pastoral drama in Italy during the last quarter of the 16th century."
Here's an indicator of how successful these plays were, and not just in Italy: In 1545 the Italian architect Sebastiano Serlio (1475-c.1554) published a volume of woodcuts in Paris which included scenic designs as part of a series books about perspective drawing. In his Second Book of Perspective he includes a illustration of a stage set for tragedies, of a set for comedies, and another one for pastorals. The pastoral was produced with enough regularity that Serlio thought it necessary to provide a model scenic design for his readers, people who would be designing perspective sets for plays.
The point is this: by 1600, the time we think Shakespeare wrote As You Like It, the pastoral play was established on the stages of Europe and England and would continue in popularity into the seventeenth century. Some of the notable English pastoral plays include Ben Jonson's The Sad Shepherd (1637), Sir Philip Sidney' The Lady of May (1598) and John Fletcher's The Faithful Shepherdess (1608-9).
In her study of Shakespeare's plays, Shakespeare After All, Professor Marjorie Garber notes the characteristics of the pastoral drama and how Shakespeare employed these features in his comedy. The pastoral, she notes, "enjoyed a tremendous vogue in Elizabethan England [and they] were a favorite with audiences and readers, high and low on the social scale." In pastoral narratives, city dwellers retreat to the countryside, which turns into a "fantasy paradise" where shepherds spend their time composing poems to their sweethearts. "From its earliest appearance," writes Garber, "pastoral had been used as a mode of social critique: under the guise of merely talking about shepherds, poets could write critical and satirical accounts of government, politics, and religion." Recognizable conventions include: shepherds who are also poets, writing poems and playing upon pipes; the good old shepherd, poor but eager to give hospitality to strangers and to those in need; the "savage" man or men who lacked courtly upbringing but possessed an innate gentleness and gentility ; the beautiful shepherdess; the pastoral elegy, mourning the death of a shepherd or shepherdess who was often also a poet; the pastoral debate, on topics like nature versus nurture, or country versus city, a leisurely rhetorical break from the action in which shepherds discourse learnedly with one another about these philosophical topics. These conventions of genre, and others, too, were so well known to Shakespeare's audience (as the conventions of the Western are to modern audiences) that the playwright could use, mock, and tease them with the confident expectation that his point would quickly be understood. (439)
Shakespeare makes use of almost all of these conventions in As You Like It, a play he adapted, by the way, from pastoral romance Rosalynd, written by Thomas Lodge and published in 1590. (Shakespeare often uses and adapts other sources for his plays; he takes others' plots and characters and turns them into quite something else.) Let's look at Garber's list of the characteristics of the pastoral and see how Shakespeare employs them:
As Garber notes, Shakespeare's audience was very familiar with the above conventions, and the playwright used that familiarity both to construct his play and to have fun with the established practice. He utilizes the strengths of the form to reveal the baser nature of court life and politics in the middle of so-called educated society, and debunks the notion of country life being nothing but poetry and love outside the city walls. Silvius is constantly humiliated and spurned as he tries to court Peter (Phoebe). And Corinne is not a "poor shepherdess" in the poetic sense: no, Shakespeare gives her speeches that reveal how difficult it is to be impoverished. Corinne would like to help the hungry and tired Celia (disguised as Aliena), but she cannot offer much in that way: "I wish, for her sake more than for mine own, / My fortunes were more able to relieve her; / But I am shepherdess to another one / And do not shear the fleeces that I graze: / My mistress is of churlish disposition / And little recks [takes no care] to find the way to heaven / By doing deeds of hospitality." Life in the country, as we see from Corinnes speech, can be a hard life.
When Mel Brooks created Blazing Saddles, he followed the conventions of the Western, while having a good time sending up those same conventions. In doing so, Brooks was following in the steps of Shakespeare, who both utilized and satirized the pastoral when he created his comedy As You Like It.
Here are some online sources related to the pastoral and As You Like It:
Humourism is an ancient medical theory, first adopted by Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers about the makeup and workings of the human body. This idea of how the body worked dominated thinking until modern medical research in the 19th Century. The theory maintained that the body contains four liquids, called humours, which control the body and human behavior. When the four humours were in balance inside the body, a person was in generally good health. It was when an imbalance occurred in the humours that sickness, deficiency and disability or aberrant behavior occurred.
The four humours were phlegm, blood, black bile and yellow bile. And they have a specific link to temperament in ancient medicine. Someone who was amorous, hopeful or brave was considered to be sanguine, a disposition caused by an influx of blood. And an influx in the three other humours also created distinct dispositions. Too much yellow bile made one choleric, as noticed by one being prone to anger, ill-tempered or violent. Too much black bile made one melancholic, marked by despondence, sadness, sleeplessness, irritability and listlessness. Finally, too much phlegm made one phlegmatic. A phlegmatic person was usually calm, even-tempered and stoic.
An imbalance in the humours could be caused by any number of things. Feeling an emotion too strongly could lead to a build up of one humour. Excess or lack of physical activity could alter the balance of the humours in the body. Even dietary habits contributed to the notion of the balance of humours in the human body, as different foods were of a certain humoural natures (mutton for instance, was considered to be very highly choleric).
Remedies for sickness or misbehavior included leeches and bloodletting, which were used to drain the body of excess fluids that had built up in a person and caused an imbalance in that person. The belief in humours was so fundamental and basic, in fact, that many believed that a severe enough lack in any of the four humours would lead to death.
While we likely view this hydraulic theory of health as quaint and sometimes amusing, it is important to remember that — for both physicians and patients — the theory of humours described the way the body really worked. People took the existence of the humours and their effects on life for granted. If someone wanted to be cured of a disease or disorder, they would change their diet (in order to increase the quantity of a healthy humour) or, one is sorry to note, submit to being bled, which was supposed to release an excess of the offending humour and bring the body and spirit back into a healthy balance. Of course, the loss of blood often weakened the body, to serious effect. In December 1799, for example, George Washington caught acute laryngitis while riding through the snow at Mount Vernon. A believer in bloodletting, Washington ordered his doctors to bleed him back to health. Over a period of ten hours on December 14, 1799, his doctors drew 124 ounces of blood from Washington, and medical writers have since suggested that the loss of more than half his blood volume led to profound hypotension and shock, which resulted in the death of the first President. (V. V. Vadakan. "The Asphyxiating and Exsanguinating Death of President George Washington." Permanente Journal. 8:2 (2004))
In As You Like It, as in many of Shakespeare's plays, the humours can provide some explanation or insight into the behavior of certain characters. In As You Like It, Jaques is frequently considered melancholy by others. Using the idea of the humours, one can find insight into Jaques's temperament, its cause and the potential cure for what ails him. As a contemporary audience, we may read As You Like It and wonder, "What's Jaques' problem?" or "Why's he being like that?" To an Elizabethan theatergoer that question would never even pop into their mind. They would recognize the signs of a melancholic disposition instantly and would need no explanation about his behavior.
Carle: Where are you from?
Hyunsuk Shin: A small town in the southern part of South Korea.
C: When did you first come to America?
H: 1997, to learn English, then I graduated from the University of Utah. Then I returned to Korea for five or six years, and then came back here for the MFA.
C: Why did you originally come to America?
H: To study set design. I think that theatre is really strong in the U.S.A., but at the time, 10 years ago, there weren't a lot of theatre programs in major universities.
C: What were you doing in Korea between Utah and Indiana?
H: Actually I studied fine art first in Korea, but while I was studying fine art I really wanted to work in theatre. So I did some research, but never found a school with a really good theatre program. So I talked to my professor and said I love fine art but I really want to study theatre and set design. And we have theatre programs in Korea, but they're really at a beginner level, so if you want to study set design you should go to the U.S. And he really helped me and after I finished by degree in Korea, I came to the U.S. to study set design.
C: When you return to Korea, do you work?
H: I had an internship last year. I had a friend who was working in film and I came on and did an internship with them.
C: Was that design work?
H: It was design work, mostly in set decoration.
C: In Korea do you mainly do film, or do you do theatre as well?
H: We don't have a lot of theatre in Korea, so I will usually work in film, but I do some theatre work if I have time. But I don't make money doing theatre work in Korea, it's more I just help them with whatever they need.
C: As You Like It is your thesis design, so has the process been different from previous designs?
H: I tried to do it differently. I think so yes, I tried to use a little different style of research.
C: Where did the design for As You Like It come from?
H: As You Like It is kind of like a comedy, but it is also a love story. So I started from a human heart. From the image of a real human heart. Then the next step, I made a simplified version of the human heart, and then from the image of the heart I generated trees based on the human heart. A lot of As You Like It happens in the forest, so I tried to design trees based on the human heart. If you love somebody, it comes from your heart, not from your head, and so I wanted to make the forest based on the heart. Then I found some images of the heart cut in half. So I took these graphics of the inside of the heart, and to me they really looked like a forest, so I made some sketches from these research images. And then I simplified them. We cannot put all the literal details in theatre, so I tried to make it simplified. And so I straightened out the lines and just simplified the design. Then I took this basic design and put in the Halls and the hills became platforms and the tree trunk became columns and the leaves became made out of straight lines. And the leaves can be flown out for the court scenes. So the set is a really simple set, but it has a lot of texture. So the whole design came from a very basic idea, the real human heart.
C: How did Fontaine's vision of the play affect the design?
H: I love Fontaine's work because she already has some ideas, but she doesnt come to me and tell me what she wants, she asks me first what my ideas are. And even though she already has some ideas she asked me which way I wanted to go first. So I shared with her some of my literal human heart ideas, and shared some of my personal experiences with love. Then I came back to her in the next meeting with some of the research images and she said, "Where did this design come from?" and I showed her the images and told her I wanted to find lines from the human heart and she didn't understand: "So you want to find lines from the human heart? How do you find lines in the human heart?" And at first it was hard to explain to her, but I went through it in a lot of detail and said, "This is where I got this line, and this line becomes this one." And I took all these lines from the human heart and made them into lines for my set. And Fontaine said "Huh, that's really different." So it was really fun, and so she asked me how I got to the design, and after I explained it to her, she accepted everything. She didn't say "I want this, I want this, and I want this," she just accepted my design from the beginning of the process. Sometimes it's really easy for the director to say, "I want this." And I can give it to them, but when you have a director that just wants to know what you are thinking, it's totally different. And so for this I am very thankful to Fontaine. Because I put a lot of my imagination in this design; and when I first presented this human heart idea, I was really hesitant. I was not sure when I told her about it if she would accept it or not because my designs sometimes come from really weird things. But she totally accepted it and totally understood. So I am really happy with the design. It is really simple, but at the same time really strong I think.
C: Is the color palette also comingfrom the human heart?
H: The color palette has changed a little bit, because at first the palette was really dark. But then I decided I wanted to put a lot of colors on the set. Because, this is kind of like a fantasy of love, you know? And people have really different experiences with love. Because everyone's heart, you know, is essentially the same, they're different sizes, but other than that theyre pretty much the same. But this is about love, and especially in Shakespeare's comedies, everyone's experience with love is different. And because everyone's love is different the colors needed to be really different. So later I added a lot more different colors. I started with a lot of earthy colors, but I had doubts as to whether it really worked for Fontaine and me. I thought maybe it was too earthy. And then I talked to Fontaine, and she said to me, "Suk, how about we take out some of the earth tones." And I really agreed with her and ended up adding a lot of colors. I wanted to put in every different color of love. Because this is theatre, and emotionally, every love is different; and so the colors of love will be different. So your love is red and my love is going to be pink, you know what I mean? So I added a lot of colors later, and it works really well and Fontaine likes it. And also it's a comedy, so it works really well I think.
C: How did the others designers influence the set designer?
H: I think the costume and set designs work together really well. I had all these colors, so I asked the costume designer to stop by the shop to look at paint samples. I was really worried because I had all these colors and I didnt know how they were going to work with the costume design. But every time when she stopped by to look at the colors, they were already in the costume design. So it ended up really matching well. So I think the costumes are really going to be beautiful on the set.
C: In As You Like It a big deal is made about the difference between the forest and the city. You have this grid of leaves that flies in and out. Is that the only way the set shows that difference?
H: Yes, because I wanted to keep it really simple, but with a really big impact. One of the first things Fontaine told we was, "Suk, I really want to have big changes between the court and the forest." And at the time I already had the concept for the trees and columns. So I had to figure out how I could make the audience's eyes see the difference. So I already had the basic set, so I thought, "what is the biggest difference between the court and the forest." And I thought of the leaves in the forest. And so when I was thinking how I could keep the very simple set but have a big difference between the two settings, I wanted something that could fly in and out. So the leaves became the major element for making that big change. And we ended up changing the material we used to make the leaves to masonite so it would have a bigger impact than the materials we were going to use. So by making the leaves the way we did they had a made a bigger impact on the set and made the change bigger. If it had been thinner, the audience's eyes may not have caught it. So even though it's really simple, theres a big difference between the court and the forest.
C: So you will be leaving IU at the end of the year. Will you be returning to Korea?
H: I think I am going to stay here for a while, and then return to Korea, but not right after IU.
C: Do you have plans for what you will do after you finish here?
H: I want to work in theatre and do some film too. Film and theatre are totally different. To me, theatre is more artistic impressions, and I am able to put all my artistic skill into the theatre but not in film. Film is much better money, but I am able to put much more emotion into theatre, I am able to put more of myself into it. So because of that I want to stay in the US for a little while after I graduate, to get more experience in the theatre. And if I have a chance, at the same time, to work in TV or film, I'd like to do that too. And I consider myself really lucky to be in America. Because I have friends in Korea who really want to work in theatre or film, but they don't have a chance to work in those areas. But I have been able to come here and work and study in the theatre with all these theatre people, and I consider myself very lucky. So I really do want to stay here and work in theatre for a little longer, but after a few years I think I will return to Korea. But I really want to work in both places.
C: Is there a specific place where you want to go?
H: I think I really want to go to California, to L.A., but I want to go to Japan as well. Because I've become really aware of Asian theatre. I am Asian, but when I lived in Korea, I wasn't that interested in Asian theatre. I almost ignored it. But when I came here and studied here, and took theatre history classes, I really began to feel that I should be working in Asian theatre. I felt that I cannot ignore where I came from. So my perspective has been changed a little bit.
As a designer, I try to find a link into the world of my characters--something to inspire and launch the design. When I think of Shakespeare's Rosalind, of her playfulness, strength and sense of humour, I am reminded of Katherine Hepburn.
This was one of the main inspirations for the costume design. Starting with her, I researched 1940s fashion and used the lines and silhouette of that period to give the design structure. This is a contemporary Shakespeare, with the characters in current clothing, but there are little 1940s details and allusions in mostly the court scenes and the final wedding scene.
The court is very structured in its dress code. Golds, tans, and creams make up most of the palette. the only exceptions are Rosalind, Celia and Orlando. They have both a different softness in silhouette and sense of color.
Once the characters are in the forest, there is more color, pattern, and variety in the clothing. The foresters are layered and the shepherds slightly simplified. Comfort for the actors was important and we played with the manipulation of their costumes. The foresters are much more of an eclectic style than the tailored and coordinated courtiers.
Jennifer Sheshko, Costume Designer
As You Like It


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- 184.108.40.206
Notice Overview
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Notice Resolution Actions Research
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Section 3201(d) of RRA 98 requires the Service to (whenever practicable) mail duplicate notices separately to each individual
filer of a joint tax return. This process is referred to as dual notice issuance. Systemic generation of dual notices began
in calendar year 2001.
Dual notices are issued as follows:
All notices are sent dual if Service records indicate filers live at different addresses.
If Service records indicate filers live at the same address, then any notice required by statute must be sent separately to
each spouse. In addition, certain other notices that contain elements of notices required by statute must be sent separately.
For examples of notices that are sent separately, see IRM 188.8.131.52.8, Separate Notice Requirements for Joint Returns, and IRM 22.214.171.124, Contact Letters.
Notices that do not need to be sent separately include Submission Processing pipeline notices (including Math Error notices)
and Collection installment agreement monthly reminder notices. Most of the dual notices include language to explain why the
Service is sending seemingly duplicate notices.
If taxpayers have questions concerning notices of deficiency, direct them to call the number on the notice, or write to address
shown. Advise of the following:
If they choose to petition Tax Court, they have 90 days from the notice date.
A telephone call or written communication does not extend the time for filing a petition with the Tax Court.
The last date to file a petition is included in the header information of the letter.
The most common notices are listed below and divided into four categories:
IMF Individual Master File (IMF) notices
Business Master File (BMF) notices
Non-Master File (NMF) notices
Submission Processing Notices
Notice CP 05, Information Regarding Your Refund, is issued to taxpayers with Criminal Investigation – Fraud Detection Center (CI-FDC) Z or P- freezes on their refunds. The
notice informs the recipient their refund is being held pending additional review.
See IRM 126.96.36.199.43, Notice CP 05, Information Regarding Your Refund, Issued to Taxpayers with CI-FDC Z or P Freeze, for additional information.
A CP 08, You May Qualify for a Refund From the Additional Child Tax Credit, is issued to notify a taxpayer of potential eligibility to claim additional Child Tax Credit. The notice is issued when
the taxpayer:
Computes an amount for the Child Tax Credit, has zero tax liability, and fails to use the remaining portion of the credit
to claim the Additional Child Tax Credit, or
Indicates eligibility for the Child Tax credit (by checking the boxes on line 6c) but does not claim the Child Tax Credit
due to zero tax liability and does not claim the Additional Child Tax Credit.
See IRM 126.96.36.199.2.8.3, CP 08, Additional Child Tax Credit, for procedures on working CP 08 notices.
Notifies taxpayer of possible eligibility for Earned income Tax Credit (EIC).
Answer questions concerning eligibility and how to claim the credit. If the taxpayer qualifies, advise as in b through d.
Advise the taxpayer to provide the qualifying childs Social Security Number (SSN) and sign the notice.
Inform the taxpayer that if the EIC is allowed and the taxpayer has more than three children, the additional Child Tax Credit
may be affected. Advise the taxpayer to complete Form 8812, Additional Child Tax Credit. Publication 972, Child Tax Credit, has more information.
Instruct the taxpayer to submit the completed and signed CP 09 in the envelope provided.
Refer to IRM 220.127.116.11.2.7.8, EIC – CP 09/CP 27.
Notifies taxpayer that an overpayment applied to the next years tax as a credit-elect was reduced due to an error on a 1040-series
Research IDRS.
Explain reason for notice.
Take actions indicated in the following table.
If And Then Taxpayer agrees A refund is due 1. Advise taxpayer to correct his/her copy of the return.
2. Taxpayer should receive refund in six weeks of the notice date if no other Federal taxes or obligations are owed and a
refund amount remains.
3. Explain a Treasury Offset Program (TOP) offset to taxpayer.
Taxpayer agrees A balance is due 1. Advise taxpayer to correct his/her copy of the return.
2. Request full payment.
3. See IRM 126.96.36.199.2, Can Full Pay Balance Due Now (Payoff.
Taxpayer does not agree A refund is due 1. Adjust account using oral statement if applicable.
2. Request documentation only if necessary.
3. Advise taxpayer he will receive the refund in six weeks if he owes no other taxes.
4. Advise and explain a TOP offset to the taxpayer.
Taxpayer does not agree A balance is due 1. Refer to IRM 21.5.4, General Math Error Procedures, for information on working math errors.
2. Advise taxpayer to pay balance due if applicable.
Issued as a first notice. Notifies taxpayer of an error in the math on an individual return that results in a balance due.
Refer to table in IRM 188.8.131.52.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit, above for required actions and IRM references for full instructions.
During processing a Letter 12C is sent to IMF taxpayers requesting information missing from the return.
Returns are not returned to the taxpayer. The return is suspended awaiting response from the taxpayer.
Check IDRS for the following Information:
If Then Code and Edit sends the request for information See IDRS for a dummy module with the information Letter 12C. Error Resolution sends the request for information Use Command Code (CC) ERINV to view the ERS status code information. See IRM 21.4.1−1, Error Resolution System (ERS) STATUS CODES . The taxpayer has received the Letter 12C Advise the taxpayer to respond to the letter supplying the requested information.
Issued as a first notice to inform the taxpayer of an error in the math on an individual return that changes the refund amount.
Refer to table in IRM 126.96.36.199.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit, above for required actions and IRM references for full instructions.
Issued as a first notice when:
EITC was claimed on a return and there is a math error
There is an invalid SSN (primary or secondary) on the return.
The notice informs taxpayer of an error in the math on an individual return that changes the refund amount. Refer to table
in IRM 126.96.36.199.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit, above for required actions and IRM references for full instructions.
Informs taxpayer that:
An error occurred in the math on an individual return.
Payment is not required if the balance due on the notice is less than $5.00.
An overpayment of less than $1.00 is not refunded without a written request from the taxpayer. Refer to the table in IRM
22.214.171.124.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit, above for required actions and to IRM references for full instructions.
Issued as a first notice to taxpayer of a balance due when no math error or ES discrepancy exists. Do the following:
Research IDRS.
Explain reason for balance due. It may be the result of a missing payment or the assessment of a penalty.
If taxpayer agrees with the notice, request payment in full (see IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due).
If a payment is missing, research IDRS for payment (see IRM 21.5.8, Credit Transfers).
Check for pending installment agreement (IA), the taxpayer may have requested an IA.
Notifies taxpayer a civil penalty was assessed and why it was assessed.
If Then Taxpayer agrees with the notice Request payment in full. See IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due. Taxpayer disagrees 1. Advise taxpayer to send documentation to assessing function.
2. See IRM 20.1, Penalty Handbook and LEM 20, Penalty and Interest.
When a civil penalty with Penalty Reference Numbers (PRN) 565 or 648 is charged against taxpayers who filed a married filing
joint return, the entire amount of the penalty will be assessed against each spouse individually; i.e. the full amount will
be separately assessed against both the primary and secondary taxpayers TINs. The Internal Revenue Service can collect the
penalty from either taxpayer in any combination. However the total amount collected shall not exceed the single amount assessed
against either taxpayer individually. See IRM Exhibit 20.1.1−5 , Penalty Reference Numbers (500 Series), and IRM Exhibit 20.1.1−6, Penalty Reference Numbers (600 Series) for a complete listing of PRNs.
Notifies taxpayer a trust fund recovery civil penalty was assessed.
If Then Taxpayer requests a payment plan Establish an installment agreement (IA). Refer to IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due. Taxpayer disputes assessment. Explain that he/she was identified as a responsible officer of a corporation that owes trust fund monies. Taxpayers claims he/she is not a responsible officer. Refer taxpayer to the Advisory group that handles the address where they reside. Refer to IRM 184.108.40.206.4 , Trust Fund Recovery Penalty Issues.
Issued as a first notice to inform taxpayer of an error in the math on an individual return resulting in an overpayment that
was applied to another IMF tax liability.
Explain offset process if requested to do so.
See IRM 126.96.36.199.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit, above for resolution of math error notices.
Notifies taxpayer of a refund of unfrozen estimated credits.
Advise taxpayer no action is required.
Tell taxpayer that he/she will receive refund within six weeks of the notice date if no other Federal taxes or obligations
are owed and a refund amount remains.
Notifies taxpayer a portion of the refund was withheld due to an unallowable item on the return. Advise taxpayer that he/she
will receive an explanation of the adjustment by the date stated on the notice.
Notifies taxpayer of one or more unallowable items on the return and of a balance due. Advise taxpayer that a response is
If Then Taxpayer agrees with notice Advise taxpayer to sign and return notice. Taxpayer requests a payment agreement See IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due. Taxpayer disagrees with notice Advise taxpayer to return bottom portion of notice along with supporting documentation or explanation.
Notifies taxpayer of one or more unallowable items on the return as well as an overpayment. Advise taxpayer this notice requires
a response.
If Then Taxpayer agrees with tax increase Advise taxpayer to sign, date, and return bottom portion of notice. Taxpayer disagrees Advise taxpayer to submit documentation with bottom portion of the notice. Taxpayer has returned notice and a refund is due Advise taxpayer that refund will be received in four to six weeks if no other tax is due. Also advise of possible TOP offset.
Informs taxpayer of a DP tax adjustment resulting in a balance due when account is in Taxpayer Delinquent Account (TDA) Status.
Research IDRS.
Explain the reason for the notice.
For resolution, follow the table below:
If And Then Taxpayer agrees with notice A refund is due 1. Advise taxpayer that a refund will be issued within two weeks if no other Federal Taxes or obligations are owed and a refund
amount remains.
2. If two weeks have passed, see IRM 18.104.22.168, Refund Inquiry Response Procedures.
Taxpayer agrees There is an even balance Advise no action is necessary. Taxpayer agrees A balance is due 1. Request payment in full. See IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due. Taxpayer indicates a payment was made Has not been credited 1. Research for missing payment.
2. Transfer the payment if needed.
3. See IRM 21.5.8, Credit Transfers.
Taxpayer disagrees Adjustment resulted from a DP tax adjustment Make necessary corrections with oral statement, request written documentation if needed. Adjustment resulted from examination of the return Taxpayer disputes deficiency assessment Advise the taxpayer that under certain conditions, you can request an audit reconsideration. See IRM 4.13, Audit Reconsideration. Adjustment resulted from return executed by the service under IRC 6020(b) Taxpayer disputes deficiency assessment Advise taxpayer that he or she can request an audit reconsideration if:
The taxpayer has information that was not previously considered which, if timely submitted, would have resulted in a change
to the assessment.
An original delinquent return is filed by the taxpayer after an assessment was made as a result of a return executed by the
IRS under IRC 6020(b) or other substitute for return procedures.
There was an IRS computational or processing error in assessing the tax. See IRM 220.127.116.11, Acceptance of Request.
Informs taxpayer of a discrepancy between estimated tax credits claimed on the return and credits posted to the account, resulting
in a balance due of $1.00 or more.
This notice also notifies taxpayer of a math error.
Review payment amounts and dates.
If Then A payment or credit-elect is missing 1. Research for missing payment.
2. Transfer credit if appropriate.
3. Refer to IRM 21.5.8, Credit Transfers.
Taxpayer agrees with the notice 1. Request full payment of balance due. See IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due.
Informs taxpayer of discrepancy between estimated tax credits claimed on return and credits posted to the account, resulting
in an overpayment of $1.00 or more. In addition to a discrepancy in estimated tax payments, a CP 24 may advise taxpayer that
his/her return contained a math error or that the statute for refund has expired.
If Then This is an estimated tax discrepancy Review payment dates and amounts shown on the notice. Taxpayer indicates a payment is erroneously credited to account 1. Research IDRS to locate account where payment belongs.
2. Apply to correct account, or
3. If you cannot locate correct account, transfer to Excess Collection or Unidentified File.
4. See IRM 21.5.8, Credit Transfers.
Taxpayer received a refund of an erroneously credited payment See IRM 21.4.5, Erroneous Refunds. Taxpayer agrees with notice 1. Advise taxpayer a refund will be issued within six weeks of the date on the notice.
2. Advise taxpayer of a possible offset.
Notice contains math error information See math error notice resolution in IRM 188.8.131.52.4, CP 10, Math Error, Overpaid Credit.
Informs taxpayer of a discrepancy between estimated tax credits claimed on return and credits posted to the account, resulting
in an overpayment of less than $1.00, or a balance due of less than $5.00.
This notice also informs taxpayer that no refund is issued for less than $1.00 unless he/she requests it in writing, and no
payment is necessary of a balance due.
See table in IRM 126.96.36.199.18, Estimated Tax Discrepancy Balance Due, above for resolution.
Informs taxpayer without children of possible eligibility for the EITC.
Answer questions about eligibility.
Advise how to claim the credit.
If the taxpayer qualifies, advise taxpayer to sign the notice and return in the envelope provided.
See IRM 220.127.116.11.2.7.8, EITC – CP 09/CP 27.
Issued to request information if an amended return posts and no original return was received.
See IRM 184.108.40.206.7, E— Freeze instructions.
Informs taxpayer all or part of an overpayment has been applied to an estimated tax penalty. Advises taxpayer all or some
of required estimated tax payments were not timely.
If Then Taxpayer indicates a payment was not credited to account Research for missing payment. Overpayment was to be applied to next years estimated tax Advise taxpayer to increase payments on remaining vouchers. Taxpayer qualifies to have part or all of penalty removed Advise taxpayer to complete Form 2210, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Individuals, Estates and Trusts, and submit to Customer Service.
Notifies taxpayer that Form 2210, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Individuals, Estates, and Trusts, was incorrect, resulting in a refund.
A response is not required unless taxpayer disagrees.
If Then Taxpayer disagrees Review Form 2210 and explain how amount was computed. Taxpayer still disagrees Advise taxpayer he/she may either:
1. Return the voided check with a written explanation of why they disagree, or
2. Keep check and pay penalty if he/she receives notice that a penalty has been assessed.
See IRM 21.4.3, Returned Refunds/Releases, for more information on returning refund checks.
Informs taxpayer a refund was returned as undeliverable. The notice asks taxpayer to supply the correct address.
If Then Taxpayer states he/she has not moved and gives address that exactly matches Master File (MF) Refer to IRM 21.4.3, Returned Refunds/Releases for procedures before allowing interest to compute. There is a new address 1. Input address with CC CHK64.
2. See IRM 21.4.2, Refund Trace and Limited Payability Overview.
Issued when an original refund check is not cashed within one year. The CP 32 is sent and the refund reissued. The CP 32A
informs taxpayer we will not reissue again without a request from the taxpayer.
If Then Taxpayer has moved Correct address. More than 30 days have passed since the notice was issued and taxpayer has not received the refund See IRM 21.4.1, Refund Research.
Informs taxpayer of a delay in processing a return (in the unpostables unit).
See IRM 21.5.5, Unpostables, for resolution of unpostables.
Advise of appropriate processing time.
This is an internal notice issued when there is a duplicate filing condition on the module, the duplicate filing case is controlled
on IDRS and assigned for review. See IRM 126.96.36.199.4.1 , CP 36 — Control, for more information.
This is an internal notice issued when a Transaction Code (TC) 150 with Document Code 05, 07, 09, or 11, posts with blocking
series 920–929 (indicating that Form 8379, Injured Spouse Claim and Allocation, was filed). The original return and claim are sent to Customer Service for processing.
Informs taxpayer an overpayment for a return on which the taxpayer is the secondary SSN has been applied to the balance due
on a joint return for another year, which is the return identified in the heading of the notice. The notice explains that
a joint filer is responsible for paying the tax due on the return as originally filed and any tax resulting from subsequent
adjustment (e.g., an examination). Advise taxpayer this is an information notice and a response is not required.
A CP 41, an internal notice, is generated when:
An unresolved manual refund freeze (—X Freeze) is present on the Master File for more than seven cycles.
The account is not in zero balance because an adjustment did not post within the seven cycles.
The notice shows the manual refund created the balance due condition.
A TC 840 in Blocking Series 600–609 suppresses the CP 41 for 20 cycles. A TC 840 in Blocking Series 9XX with a Julian date
under 400 bypasses the —X Freeze and issuance of the CP 41.
The CP 41 is forwarded to the Files function. The manual refund document is pulled and the case is forwarded to Customer
Service to be worked.
See IRM 188.8.131.52.39, —X Freeze for procedures for working an —X Freeze.
Informs taxpayer of an offset of an overpayment for the return that is the subject of the notice to satisfy a Federal tax
obligation for a joint return for another tax year on which the taxpayer was the secondary SSN. Be aware of disclosure criteria. See IRM 188.8.131.52, General Disclosure Guidelines.
If And Then Taxpayer agrees with notice An overpayment remains; Advise the taxpayer he should receive a refund within six weeks, if he owes no other taxes.
Note: Advise taxpayer of a possible TOP offset for child or spousal support, Federal non-tax debts, or state income tax.
Six weeks pass the taxpayer does not receive his refund check; Advise the taxpayer to check and see if he owes other taxes (e.g., state or are they behind on child support).
If not; see IRM 21.4.2, Refund Trace and Limited Payability.
Taxpayer agrees with the notice. The balance due remains on a prior year account. Request payment in full.
See IRM 220.127.116.11.3.2, Adjusting Tax for a Balance Due.
Taxpayer indicates he sent in a payment There is no payment (TC 670) posted on the account Research to locate the missing payment.
See IRM 21.5.7, Payment Tracers.
Taxpayer disagrees Taxpayer states spousal obligation is not correct 1. Request taxpayer to supply justification to the Account Management function.
2. Request written documentation only if the issue cannot be resolved with oral statement.
Taxpayer disagrees Balance due arose from a return filed by one spouse 1. Advise the spouse who is not liable to file Form 8379, Injured Spouse Claim and Allocation.
2. See IRM 126.96.36.199.3, Injured Spouse Inquiries.
For an audit reconsideration, see IRM 21.5.10, Examination Issues. For a Substitute for Return (SFR), see IRM 5.19.2, Liability Collection—Return Delinquency.
Issued when there is a refundable credit of ≡ ≡ ≡ ≡ ≡ or more on a tax module and there is a TC 130 present in the entity
module. This is a three part notice; Part 1 is sent to the taxpayer and Parts II and III are generated to the Service.
Informs the campus that an IMF overpayment is available for application to a non-IMF outstanding liability, or of an overpayment
available to use in an Offer-in-Compromise.
Informs taxpayer an available overpayment was applied to an outstanding balance on another account.
After application of credit, remaining overpayment is refunded.
Advise taxpayer to allow six to eight weeks on a non-individual account for IRS to determine if a tax liability exists.
If more than eight weeks have elapsed and taxpayer has not received any information, prepare Form 4442, Inquiry Referral and send to collection function in the Atlanta campus. Include taxpayers day and evening telephone numbers.
Informs taxpayer the overpayment on an individual return was applied to a prior year's unpaid IMF liability.
If And Then Taxpayer agrees with notice A balance due remains on prior year Request full payment. See IRM 5.19.1, Balance Due. Taxpayer agrees with notice An overpayment remains 1. Advise taxpayer that refund will be issued within six weeks if no other Federal taxes or obligations are owed (TOP offset
for child or spousal support, Federal non-tax debts, or state income tax) and a refund amount remains.
2. See IRM 21.4.1, Refund Research, if six weeks have passed.
Payment was made Was NOT properly credited to the prior year account 1. Research IDRS to locate payment (e.g. TC 670.)
2. See IRM 21.5.7, Payment Tracers.
Taxpayer disagrees with notice Supplies supporting information 1. Adjust the account as appropriate.
2. If the adjustment results in a balance due, see IRM 184.108.40.206.3.2, Adjusting Tax for a Balance Due.
3. Send the taxpayer a notice explaining the adjustment to tax.
4. Advise the taxpayer about Penalty and Interest that are charged until the account is paid in full. See IRM 20.1, Penalty Handbook, IRM 20.2, Interest and LEM 20, Penalty and Interest.
Notifies taxpayer the IRS computed his/her tax and gives balance due. Interest or penalty for late payment is not charged
if amount due is paid within 30 days of notice date or by due date of return.
Publication 967, the IRS Will Figure Your Tax, explains the criteria for IRS computation of tax for taxpayer.
If Then Taxpayer agrees with notice Request payment in full per IRM 5.19.1,Balance Due. Payment was not properly credited to account Research IDRS for missing payment per IRM 21.5.7, Payment Tracers. Taxpayer disagrees Request taxpayer supply justification to Customer Service. Request written documentation only if issue not covered by oral
Taxpayers disagreement involves an item not reported on original return Advise taxpayer to file amended return, Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return.
Informs taxpayer the IRS computed his/her tax and also provides refund amount. Advise taxpayer that refund should be received
within 2 weeks of the date of the notice if no other Federal taxes or obligations are owed and a refund amount remains.
If Then Taxpayer agrees with notice No action is necessary. Taxpayer disagrees with notice Follow instructions for CP 51A above.


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The 'The Treaty of Limerick' between King William and King James II was signed on this stone in 1691. After the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, the remainder of James II's defeated army retired to Limerick under the command of Patrick Sarsfield 1st Earl of Lucan, where they held out a siege for over a year. When they surrendered, they were given the option of safe passage to France with their wives and families. Most took this option along with Sarsfield in what became known as the Flight of the Wild Geese. Once in France they formed the Irish Brigade of the French Army. Under the civil articles, Jacobites who remained in Ireland were to be left in peace as long as they pledged allegiance to King William. They were allowed to keep their estates and property. Catholic noblemen were also permitted to carry arms under the Treaty. Despite this, the Penal Laws came in a few years later (in the mid-1690s). Under these laws, Irish Catholics were deeply persecuted, and the Treaty of Limerick was ignored. The Treaty Stone was erected on its pedestal in 1865.
Curious Ireland images make interesting wall art, meaningful wedding presents or simply a thoughtful gift for someone who is living far away…….If you prefer COLOUR CLICK HERE or B&W CLICK HERE. (beautifully printed & packaged by the Irish Photo Archive)
If you are planning to explore this area CLICK HERE for the best available deals for nearby hotels, hostels, B&B's and castles.


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Democracy Now! is a non-profit organization funded through individual donations and foundation
grants. We do not accept any corporate underwriting, advertising, or government support. Your support is vital to
sustain and grow Democracy Now!
Headline Information for Tuesday April 22, 1997
Earth Day: Talks on Environment
Anniversary of Death of Che Guevara
Anniversary of Death of Che Guevara, continued
Anniversary of Death of Che Guevara (continued)
Democracy Now! is a 501(c)3 non-profit news organization. We do not accept funding from advertising, underwriting or government agencies. We rely on contributions from our viewers and listeners to do our work. Please do your part today.


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The Providence Friars moved to 4-0 with a hard earned victory against the Southern Jaguars by a score of 59-53. Yeah, remember when I said this game was going to be a cupcake? Well, there will be no more of talk like that, as this team can't afford to take anyone for granted. Except maybe Boston College. They can't beat anyone.
PC students left campus today for the holidays, and apparently they took the Friars shooting skills with them. The team shot a woeful 26.5% from the floor, but shockingly only took 4 3-pointers! So there's that. Despite the shooting problems, Providence held on and head into the Holidays and toTexas for the remaining games of the South Padre Invitational as an undefeated team.
Why the Friars Won: As bad as the Friars were shooting, Southern had their own problems turning the ball over, missing long range shots, fouling the crap out of the Friars (PC took FORTY SEVEN foul shots), and generally not rebounding. Gerard Coleman had a great overall game with his first career double-double (20 points, 11 rebounds), and really took over towards the end of the game with big buckets while continuing to get to the line.
Play of the Game: Goldy gets it again! When everyone was throwing bricks all over the Dunkin' Donuts Center, Lee Goldsbrough took matters into his own hands and drove the line for a nice layup in the 2nd half. Yep, it was that kind of game where a layup by a white dude was the play of the game.
Fun Stat: In another close game, The Providence Free Throws Attempts lost a close one to the Providence Field Goal Attempts 49 to 47.
Fun Stat II: The Friars had only 4 3-point attempts. After a quick scan over at StatSheet.com, the Friars least amount of threes taken in a game during the Keno Davis era was I think 11.
Bryce Comes Crashing Down: After a great first three games, Bryce Cotton threw up a stinker with a 1-9 shooting performance. The opposing coach either devised his whole defensive scheme to stop Cotton, or the BIG EAST Honor Roll award got to his head. I'll just chalk it up to a bad shooting night.
Cooley Quotable: "Six assists is a telling story," Cooley said. "Three blind mice could have six assists in 40 minutes. Today we were horrible." – Yeah but when you can't even hit open layups, assists will be hard to come by.
Visitors: Highly touted recruits Nerlens Noel and Goodluck Okonoboh were in attendance with the signed Friars Ricardo Ledo and Kris Dunn, who were all seated behind the Friars bench. Noel was probably all "Wait, I thought this team needed me for DEFENSE?!"


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Portsmouth v Derby Live
Watch live Premiership action on free-football.tv as Portsmouth welcome Derby County to Fratton Park this weekend determined to erase memories of their 2-0 loss to Sunderland last time around. Pompey have had a good Premier League season so far and look to be in contention for a European place come May.
However their inability to score goals at home has crippled their campaign in recent weeks. In their last league match at the Stadium of Light, Portsmouth were undone by a brace from Kieran Richardson.
The loss saw Pompey slip to the 9th spot in the league table with 34 points from 22 games. Portsmouth boss Harry Redknapp is the subject of interest from Newcastle United following the sacking of Sam Allardyce. These rumors are sure to affect the team as they prepare for a hectic schedule ahead.
On top of this Pompey are without key players who have all received African Nations Cup call-ups. Sulley Muntari, John Utaka, Papa Bouba Diop and Kanu are absent from the line-up, but Redknapp will still be hoping to have enough resources to overcome Derby.
This season looks doomed for Derby County what with meager success in the last four months. In their last game, 10-man Derby went down 1-0 to Wigan at home. Antoine Sibierski gave Wigan their first away win of the season as Derby slipped further into the abyss with just 7 points from 22 games.
Manager Paul Jewell appears resigned to life in the Championship next season. Watch Portsmouth vs Derby live on free-football.tv, the number one online source for live football feeds.
Tags: Watch live Premiership, Derby County, Pompey, Portsmouth, Sulley Muntari, Derby, Derby live, live football feeds


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Travel Photography Photos tagged as hanuman
7 photos | Tags: hanuman Show as stream
There are grey or 'Hanuman' langurs, big family of them. They didn't mind my presence and allowed me get close, walk between them. Actually, they hardly turn the head to my direction :-)
Photoreport Java (2011)
You can find many tall statues like the same of many Gods in India not just that you can see great spiritual powers in people tooo.. amazing spiritually


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Bee is an ingredient in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. It can be used to make potions at an alchemy lab as part of alchemy.
Bees are one of many insects found living in Skyrim.
- Hovering around trees with a hive in them (also in the beehive)
- Honeystrand Cave entrance contains large numbers of them.
- Goldenglow Estate
- Around Riften
- Exits of Riverwood
- Bleakwind Basin
- A short way west of Tolvald's Cave
- Some mages carry bees.
- Can be found in some Apothecary's Satchels.
- At Fisherman's Island, an unmarked location in Lake Ilinalta with more than twenty bees and a beehive.
- A short way northwest of Halldir's Cairn.
- At the Bandit Camp: Helgen Cliffs, an unmarked location. There is a beehive in a tree nearby.
- Can be found in the Apiary and the Greenhouse once furnished.HF
- Main article: Potions (Skyrim)
|Restore Stamina
|Ravage Stamina
|Regenerate Stamina
|Weakness to Shock
† multiple effects


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2007 GMC Canyon Values
A carry-over from 2006, the Canyon is a mid-size pick up truck offered in WT, SL and SLE trim, all with a 2.9Liter inline four-cylinder producing 185HP linked to a five-speed manual transmission with a four-speed automatic as an option, or the SLE 2 and SLE3 with a 3.7Liter inline five-cylinder that puts out 246HP. Available in regular, extended and crew cab configuration, in either two or four-wheel-drive.Read more Read less
GMC increased the displacement and power of the Canyon's engine lineup for 2007. Instead of choosing between a 2.7L or a 3.5L powerplant, a 2.9L 185-horsepower four-cylinder or a 242-horsepower, 3.7L in-line five are available. In addition, a tire pressure monitor is now standard, and three new colors--Sport Blue, Midnight Blue Metallic, and Sonoma Red Metallic--update the Canyon's look. Warranty coverage is increased for 2007, with a new five-year or 100,000-mile powertrain warranty that's fully transferable and includes roadside assistance for the full period.
Solid, powerful, and comfortable; diverse lineup with distinctive visual cues.
The 2007 GMC Canyon midsize pickup continues as a solid alternative to smaller compact models and full-size pickups. Two- and four-wheel drive are offered, as are a number of cab types and bed lengths, meaning the Canyon can be tailored to a variety of purposes. The Canyon's pricing is especially competitive, with the 2WD Regular Cab WT starting at $14,235 and the 4WD Regular Cab WT starting at $17,635.
Select a 2007 GMC Canyon trim level
CANYON PICKUP-1/2 Ton-5 Cyl.
Crew Cab SLE
Crew Cab SLT
Extended Cab SL (4 Cyl)
Extended Cab SLE
Extended Cab SLT
Regular Cab SL (4 Cyl)
Regular Cab SLE


text:
But most of the shortfall comes from funds invested in GM and funds obligated to help banks modify mortgages.
Bloomberg Matches Grant Supporters were quick to pony up to help Planned Parenthood with its $700,000 shortfall.
Its obligations that month would be $306 billion, a shortfall of $134 billion.
New York Mayor Mike Bloomberg was so dismayed that he donated $250,000 to Planned Parenthood to ease the shortfall.
As the House Oversight Committee holds a hearing on the vacancies, Daniel Stone reports on the shortfall.
The agency is also facing a shortfall for the next budget year as high as $5 billion, even without including Irene's expenses.
Since pension accounting of any sort weights near years more heavily than later years, we get an "average" shortfall of 16%.
In addition, there was talk of reducing the 75-year shortfall with a "balanced package of tax and benefit changes."
The GAO attributed much of the shortfall to the fact that the pools required people to have been uninsured for six months.
Congress currently does not have the authority to use general revenue to cover the shortfall.


text:
Tiny's Black Adventures Shy Stone - Wet black pussy plowed on couch
Added: Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Loading Tiny's Black Adventures Shy Stone - Wet black pussy plowed on couch Video
Tiny's Black Adventures Shy Stone - Wet black pussy plowed on couch
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text:
|Linux XFS Mailing List <linux-xfs@xxxxxxxxxxx>
|chacl questions
|Federico Sevilla III <jijo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
|Tue, 17 Jul 2001 21:29:01 +0800 (PHT)
Hi everyone, I wonder what's wrong with the way I'm doing things. I create a directory "test", owned by root, group root, perms u=rwx,g=,o=. I want to allow user "jijo" to access this, too, but to only read it, I try the following: chacl u::rwx,g::,o::,u:jijo:r-x,m::r-x test But it says: chacl: "u::rwx,g::,o::,u:jijo:r-x,m::r-x" is an invalid ACL specification. 'chacl -l test' output: test[] which (I think) verifies that ACLs are enabled and work. What am I doing wrong? Also, is it possible to just add an ACL? Let's say I already have ACLs set up, and just want to enable someone else to read and access this file, how do I do this? Do I have to list everyone else? Or if I want to revoke access from someone? It's my first time to handle ACLs. I hope you guys can be patient with this newbie. :) :) --> Jijo -- Federico Sevilla III :: jijo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Network Administrator :: The Leather Collection, Inc.
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text:
Find a Doctor
Request an Appointment
BIDHC Family Medicine of Needham Heights is a family practice that offers a comfortable, small general practice setting. Our highly regarded primary care physicians (PCPs) are experienced in diagnosing and treating newborns, teenagers, and adults. The practice offers sufficient free parking at its facility.
BIDHC Family Medicine of Needham Heights is open Monday - Friday 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Extended hours are available. Calls that are received outside of our business hours will be answered by an answering service, and if necessary the on-call medical doctor will be paged for assistance 24 hours a day. The lab is open daily for any blood drawing. Please note that appointments must be scheduled and that the lab is not a walk-in facility. This family medicine practice cares for patients of all ages, specializing in teenage health and preventative care for women. Dr. Kogan speaks Russian for individuals whose first language is not English.
Individuals looking to find a new PCP or doctor of internal medicine in the Needham Heights area are encouraged to contact our medical center. In order to expedite the registration process, please have health insurance information available when you call. If possible please send your medical records prior to your appointment; otherwise bring them with you on your first visit. Partnerships with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital-Needham and Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital-Milton mean that you will have access to world renowned specialty care when you need a referral.
If you feel you need to see a specialist and have not discussed the referral with your primary care provider (PCP), please first call your PCP, as they may need to see you prior to referring you to the specialist. Please note the following responsibilities are managed in the practice:
Please call 617-754-0560 to have your insurance referrals processed for specialty care.
Referral requests for specialty care must be submitted a minimum of seven (7) days prior to your appointment to allow for processing, unless the visit is scheduled within seven days of the appointment.
For continuity of care, and the best coordination of care amongst your providers, your primary care provider will refer you to a Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center specialist. There are important benefits when you see specialists within the Beth Israel Deaconess system:
BIDHC Family Medicine of Needham Heights is located at 817 Highland Ave., Needham, MA 02494
BIDHC-Needham Heights Family Medicine
817 Highland Avenue
Needham, MA 02494
Calls are accepted during the lunch hour.
By appointment only.
A secure way to communicate with your Primary Care Practice
© 2017 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
617-667-7000 | TDD: 800-439-0183 | Maps & Directions


text:
On April 20, thousands of students will remain silent for part of the school day to call attention to anti-gay bullying and harassment. Called the Day of Silence, the event is sponsored by the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network.In 2008, some Christian right organizations called on parents to keep their kids home on the Day of Silence. This is happening again this year.The Day of Silence brings out some really odd statements from those opposed to it. One would think that … [Read more...]
What kind of dialogue will we have?
Focus on the Family's revised Day of Dialogue seems to be a kinder, gentler version of the former Day of Truth. On the new website, the group comes out strongly against bullying:Any form of bullying and harassment of others is always wrong, including making fun of others, speaking down to them and saying things that hurt people. Christian students in particular should be bold in speaking up to oppose that kind of behavior because it goes completely against the model Christ gave us and that is … [Read more...]
Golden Rule Pledge dayz
The Day of Truth is today and the the Day of Silence is tomorrow. In some places, on both days, students are passing out Golden Rule Pledge cards. There does not seem to be as much media interest as last year but things are happening. Charisma Magazine has a brief review of the different efforts taking place.The unofficial them song of the GRP is Hero by Superchick. I say unofficial because the band has not authorized that but I like it and so here it is again.Don't walkout, walk … [Read more...]
The Days are coming…
After March Madness - which I am looking forward to - the month of the Days will be here. April 15 (or 12th if you listen to the PSA on the website) is set as the Day of Truth with April 16 being the Day of Silence. The boycotters will also be pursuing their mischief. This week, the Illinois Family Institute sent out an email asking for supporters to find out if their local school would be taking part in the Day of Silence. Soon after, Exodus sent out an email promoting the Day of Truth.In … [Read more...]


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Peter Parts Electronics is a different kind of parts source. We travel directly to the sources in Asia and throughout the world to ensure that you get the highest quality at the lowest price. We personally inspect manufacturing facilities, manage the supply chain and work closely with you to provide the best solution for your parts sourcing. And we offer custom R&D and manufacturing for special applications. To learn more about what we do, watch our brief
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text:
Wim Bertels wrote: > > --user2 > SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION user2; > \pset format latex > \echo ECHO queries > \o report/test_user2.tex > \i structure/test_user2.sql > " > > This doenst seem to work, > as the ECHO queries output isnt written to the file (test_user2.tex) Actions are performed as they are encountered so put the \echo *after* the \o, like this: SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION user2; \pset format latex \o report/test_user2.tex \echo ECHO queries \i structure/test_user2.sql HTH, Bosco.
Next: From: Steve Crawford Date: 2011-02-02 21:08:57 Subject: Re: Why does a normally fast query run so slow when the table is in a partition? Previous: From: Richard Broersma Date: 2011-02-02 20:39:09 Subject: SCALE: seeking booth attendees


text:
Latest question:
How do you think the new GigE standards will influence the machine vision industry?
Respond or ask your question now!
The flexibility and programmability of H.264 shows up in another Euresys application�police cars. The video surveillance in the cars is connected to central dispatch via a 3G network line. The bandwidth is low, 300 kb/second, so you have to compress it more. Two streams of video are needed. One is high-resolution, high bit rate, high frame rate, and the other is low resolution, bit rate and frame rate.
�They store the image locally at high resolution and high bit rate, but they also have the very low stream transmitted wirelessly, so they get both the image stored [at central dispatch] and the one stored in the police car,� Damhaut explains.
According to its web site, the Stretch Scalable Video CODEC (SVC) uses a layered approach to video compression in which a base layer of minimum resolution, frame rate and quality is compressed first. Additional layers of incrementally higher frame rate, resolution, or quality are then encoded using only the information needed to enhance the previous layer to the desired degree. At the decoder, layers can be sequentially decoded, resulting in video of progressively higher frame rate, quality, or resolution. Decoding can be terminated when video with the desired characteristics is achieved.
The layered structure of an SVC stream means that truncating it to remove higher order layers reduces the frame rate and/or resolution of the encoded video. The lower order layers and base layer can still be decoded in the normal way to generate viewable video. To change the frame rate or resolution of a conventional AVC stream, the stream would need to be decoded to recover the video. The video could then be resized or re-sampled and then would have to be re-encoded. Simply truncating the stream as with SVC would result in a corrupted stream that could not be decoded.
The ability to truncate SVC streams means that they can easily be managed after they are stored to disk. A simple file operation is all that is required to remove unwanted layers, reduce the resolution or frame rate of the video, and recover valuable storage space. Similarly, an SVC stream can be truncated to reduce its bit rate in order to transit a network of limited bandwidth. SVC streams can be sent further out into the network and can be monitored by remote personnel more easily. Truncated streams with reduced resolution and bandwidth also require less compute bandwidth to decode. SVC streams can not only be sized according to the network characteristics, but also according to the decode capabilities of the decoding device.


text:
DIRECTV's TV Service is Recommended by CableTV.com
According to independent consumer surveys that look at the performance and ratings of cable companies and other television services available in your area, DIRECTV is rated as the best TV service provider in Otter Rock. That's right. DIRECTV outpaced all other satellite TV and cable companies in Otter Rock, OR.
Major networks are typically available nationwide, but TV packages in Otter Rock may offer a different selection of smaller channels compared to even similar packages in the next town over. This means that channel selection is as important to consider as affordability when it comes to choosing the best cable company in Otter Rock, OR. If you can't live without all the Seattle Seahawks and games, for instance, you'll be more likely to get what you need with a premier package that offers more channels. We provide information on channels, extra features, and prices for all the highest rated providers in Otter Rock, so you can be sure you're getting the service that you want at a price you can afford.
Choosing the right TV provider is partly about getting full access to your favorite channels, but customer service and reliability are important points to consider, too. That's why these factors are taken into consideration when CableTV.com rates TV providers. When we recommend a cable company in Otter Rock, OR, you can rest easy, knowing you're getting a highly rated provider that offers both premium TV packages and great customer service.


text:
When a woman boards a plane with a crying baby in her arms, the aircraft swells with the collective wish of every other passenger on board: Please don't sit near me. Sally feels their stares as she follows Rick's hulking frame and stubby ponytail past the wings to seats 21A and B.
This is always the way when Meggie fusses. Rick, who may have spent the entire morning catching up on videotaped episodes of Dallas, would hear the child wail, and be struck by the timely need to head to the office.
"You're marrying your father," her mother had said the night before the wedding.
Rick was anti-establishment, even for a pro-bono lawyer. The man wore Doc Martens and a thrift-store blazer to the ceremony. He didn't own a car until he was 33. He was nothing like Don.
Rick stows all but the diaper bag in the overhead and folds himself into the aisle seat, holds out his arms for Meggie. Happy now, the baby stands on her father's lap and looks around. A Muzak version of Michael Jackson's Billy Jean wafts through the PA system and Meggie steadies herself with Rick's beard and bobs to the beat.
"My God. I didn't think that song could get any worse." Rick pins his legs to one side so his wife can climb over them. "So, what do you think? Will your dad bring her?"
Seated now, Sally runs a hand through her messy layers and shrugs. "Trying not to think about it." When Megan was born, Don showed up at the hospital with two things: a Cabbage Patch doll not yet available in stores, and an Elizabeth Arden sales rep at least half a decade younger than Sally. They lived in L.A. now with their three-month-old son. Meggie's younger uncle. Katy had been fairly quiet. All she said after the initial introduction was that Meghan was a pretty name. Sally couldn't help but look for the reaction: Don buried his face in his granddaughter's neck.
A stewardess – no, they're called flight attendants now – leans over with a smile, revealing an airplane-shaped nametag that says Ana. Her perfume is L'Air du Temps. Sally used to spray it on herself back in the old house when her mother went out. "You want to smell like her," Carla had said when she came in with an armload of clean towels. Sally never touched the bottle again.
"The captain is preparing for takeoff," says Ana. "I'll have to ask you to put your seat in the upright position."
Rick adjusts his. Sally doesn't. "I will," she says, unbuttoning her blouse. "As soon as I get the baby settled."
Ana tightens her mouth and moves away.
"She's not a threat," Rick says. "He isn't even here."
Sally offers Meggie the breast and waits for the prickled relief of letdown. "It's not the time, okay?"
"I'm just saying. We all had our shit." He opens his magazine.
"Welcome to Flight 726 from Boston to Westchester …" A tiny male flight attendant at the front of the plane has begun the safety announcement. Ana holds a detached seatbelt between her fingers with such pomp, she could be presenting a diamond choker on The Price is Right.
"Insert the metal fittings one into the other," the man says. "And tighten by pulling on the loose end of the nylon. To release, simply lift the upper portion of the buckle. We suggest you keep your seatbelt fastened throughout the flight, as we may experience …"
Ana holds up an oxygen mask, stretches the elastic straps toward the back of her head without messing her hair. "If you are travelling with a child or someone who requires assistance, secure your own mask first, and then assist the other person. Keep your mask on until a crew member …"
Rick leans close. "Remember? Your therapist said it's best to normalize –"
"Well, don't!"
Surrounding passengers turn to stare and Rick presses a finger to his lips to shush Sally. Unperturbed, she traces the curve of her daughter's cheek with one finger. Meggie's every swallow finishes with a determined sigh. It's a sound Sally adores. For a one-year-old, the girl takes her bliss seriously.
"A life vest is located beneath your seat. Should there be an emergency, you will be instructed to reach under …"
Sally rubs Rick's knee. "I'm sorry, baby. I'm a lousy wife."
"No. It's my fault. It was wrong to stress you out. You have complete immunity until this is behind us."
"I was thinking; let's take Meggie to Rye Playland tomorrow afternoon."
He stares at her. "Sally, tomorrow morning is the –"
"I don't want to talk about that."
Between the sun pouring through the window and Meggie sprawled across her lap in milk-drunk slumber, Sally is drenched in sweat. The mid-flight hush has stilled the cabin. There doesn't seem to be any air at all, and Sally doesn't dare reach up to redirect the overhead vent lest she wake her daughter and be forced to entertain a bored toddler until they land.
"Rick?" She nudges him with her shoulder. "Baby? Can you get me a cup of ice water? I'm melting here."
He sits up with a jolt, stretches. Looks around for the beverage cart.
"No one's come by in a while," she says. "Just walk to the back. They'll give you a drink."
"No problem. I'm on it." He yawns. Unbuckles. Staggers down the aisle like a newborn Clydesdale.
The plane bucks with unexpected turbulence. An aircraft bumping across chaotic eddies in a cloudless sky always unnerves her. The wrongness of it. Like having a fever in summer.
She cranes her head around Rick's seat to motion for him to return. There he is, talking to Ana, plastic cup in hand. They're sharing a cigarette. He points toward something on her uniform, her airplane nametag, maybe. Ana grins. Reaches for a pen. Writes something down.
He slips it into his pocket.
Sally turns around. Staring at the Exit sign a few rows ahead, she bites down on her lip and waits for the dirty metal taste of blood to fill her mouth.
Slowly, carefully, so as not to wake Meghan, Sally pulls a note out of her bag. Unfolds it.
Sally, I'm so sorry to hear about your mother. I'll look for you at the funeral.
Hugs, Glenn
P.S. Is it wrong that I can't wait to see you?
P.P.S. Don't answer that.
She sits back in her seat and tries not to smile.
Special to The Globe and MailReport Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeArts


text:
For the latest updates, follow us on Twitter,
Our thanks and dedication go to Richard Garriott, also known as Lord British,
for his consent and support, and for all those hours we spent in Britannia...
For questions or feedback please email firstname.lastname@example.com,
or visit his Google+ Page.
Akalabeth - World of Doom is a Quantum Toast Production.
|Akalabeth is back to the Apple world!
Experience the origin of a whole universe!
Akalabeth, World of Doom - was developed in 1978 by Richard Garriott, creator of the famous Ultima series.
It marks the beginning of computer role playing games, and is one of the first programs featuring 3D graphics on a home computer. This app is an accurate replica of that genre defining classic, bringing the feeling of a true legend to your iPhone or iPod Touch.
You can't get more retro than this!
This explanation of the overview map will help you getting started in Akalabeth. Read the full original game manual at oldgames.sk
|towns: the adventure shops - buying equipment
|castle: to win the game it is necessary to visit the castle.
from this point one may embark on a quest by which the game is won.
|trees: landmarks
|mountains: non-passable obstacles. the 20x20 map is bordered with mountains
|dungeons: where the evil things lurk
- Exact recreation of the original Akalabeth - World of Doom for Apple II
- Find the castle of Lord British and enter extensive 3D dungeons on your quest to become a knight
- Become a fighter or a mage and increase your stats during your quest
- Fight increasingly dangerous monsters the deeper you advance into the dungeons of Akalabeth, until you finally encounter the legendary Balrog
- It's still as immersive and fun as it was 30 years ago!
- Exact recreation of the unique Apple II look and feel, using an original (and amazingly still working) Apple II
- Elegant readjustment of the original keyboard controls to fluent iPhone / iPod Touch gameplay
- Original retro graphics and sound take you back to those glory days...
A few helpers have been carefully added in consultation with Lord British himself, to make the Akalabeth experience more enjoyable on your iPhone. If you are after the authentic experience, deactivate them.
- Autosave - re-enter the game where you left it
- Start near castle - have a quicker start into the game
- Minimap - find your way through the dungeons
- No secret passages - don't get confused by hidden doors
- More food - don't starve to death all the time
- Search for Lord British's castle to receive a quest
- Buy lots of food in the beginning
- Beware of Gremlins, they will steal your food
- Press the upper right corner for advanced settings


text:
Publicize Your Screwups
Get bad news out there and out of the way
If something goes wrong, tell people. Even if they never saw it in the first place.
For example, Basecamp was down once for a few hours in the middle of the night. 99% of our customers never knew, but we still posted an "unexpected downtime" notice to our Everything Basecamp blog. We thought our customers deserved to know.
Here's a sample of what we post when something goes wrong: "We apologize for the downtime this morning — we had some database issues which caused major slowdowns and downtimes for some people. We've fixed the problem and are taking steps to make sure this doesn't happen again...Thanks for your patience and, once again, we're sorry for the downtime."
Be as open, honest, and transparent as possible. Don't keep secrets or hide behind spin. An informed customer is your best customer. Plus, you'll realize that most of your screwups aren't even that bad in the minds of your customers. Customers are usually happy to give you a little bit of breathing room as long as they know you're being honest with them.
A side note about delivering news, bad and good: When bad news comes, get it all out in the open at once. Good news, on the other hand, should be trickled out slowly. If you can prolong the good vibes, do it.
Be Swift, Direct, and Honest
It may sound strange, but the best-case scenario is when the company itself reports the bad news. This is proactive and prevents your company from being put in a weakened, defensive position.—Greg Sherwin, Vice President of Application Technology, CNET, and Emily Avila, Principal, Calypso Communications (from A Primer for Crisis PR)


text:
Kwizgiver posts things that bug her on Thursdays. I've been crazy-busy today, so I'm stealing her idea. Today, I'm bugged by the fact that my personal things have been vandalized and generally disrespected at school lately. Over the last six months, the leaves of my plant have been stapled, an ugly epithet was carved into the table that my mother gave me before she died, and the disc that contains the driver for the printer I bought with my own money to keep in the classroom was gouged to destruction. The latest discovery happened today; I found that the Cambridge SoundWorks speakers I brought in to use at school had been removed from my room and brought to the theatre space, where I found them in a broken tangle on the floor.
I've submitted a tersely written letter requesting that the speakers be replaced. Part of my summer work is to secure my personal belongings in a lockable cabinet.
I am saddened.


text: The Marine, assigned to Multinational Force West, died from wounds suffered while operating in Anbar province. The Marine's name is being withheld pending notification of next of kin. Meanwhile, DoD released the names of five servicemembers who died recently supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom: -- Army Spc. Eric R. Sieger, 18, of Layton, Utah, died Feb. 1 in Buritz, Iraq, of wounds suffered when his Bradley fighting vehicle rolled over. Sieger was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Hood, Texas. -- Army Pfcs. David C. Armstrong, 21, of Zanesville, Ohio, and Kenneth T. Butler, 21, of East Liverpool, Ohio, died Feb. 1 in Baghdad in a vehicle accident. They were assigned to the 57th Military Police Company, 8th Military Police Brigade, 8th Theater Sustainment Command, U.S. Army Pacific, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. -- Army Sgts. Corey J. Aultz, 31, of Port Orchard, Wash., and Milton A. Gist Jr., 27, of St Louis, died Jan. 30 in Ramadi, Iraq, of wounds suffered when an improvised explosive device detonated near their vehicle. They were assigned to the 1st Battalion, 77th Armor Regiment, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, Schweinfurt, Germany. (Compiled from Multinational Corps Iraq and Defense Department news releases.)


text:
Zojirushi Rizo Micom Fuzzy Rice Cooker & Warmer
This rice cooker definitely stands out with its spaceship like aesthetic. But that's not all because it also comes with Micro computerized Fuzzy logic technology and a direct button menu selection of rice, sushi, risotto, or steam cook. Plus a steaming plate and a spherical inner cooking pan and heating system. That's pretty incredible.


text:
Tallahassee, FL - A strong stance and a few loud words is all a kid might need.
"So you can keep your body safe," said first grader, Jacob Parrish.
It's all a part of the RADkids program hosted by Tallahassee Police.
It's a four day class that teaches children how to react during dangerous situations, including bullying, fire and gun safety or preventing abduction.
On the first day, Parrish had fun, but learned valuable skills.
"Blocking, kicking, punching," he said
Kids Learn to 'Block, Kick, Punch' and Protect Themselves
Current Status: Published (4)
Seeded on Tue Dec 18, 2012 6:32 PM
keyboard shortcuts: V vote up article J next comment K previous comment


text:
Here's how you can download the Parkmobile app free for your iPad, iPhone, iPad mini or iPod Touch.
1. Go to the Parkmobile app preview page in iTunes (or tap the link on your iOS device to install the app directly).
2. Click the View in iTunes button.
3. Click the Free button to download the app.
4. Sync your iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad mini with iTunes to install the app.
Parkmobile lets you use your iOS device to pay for parking. You can change your license plate number if you are using a different car, and transactions take just a few seconds. You can also get push notification reminders before your parking expires. With Parkmobile you won't need coins, and you won't have to worry about messed up parking meters.
This article is published as part of the IDG Contributor Network. Want to Join?


text:
India -dangerous place to be a woman(3 Posts)
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OctopusPete8 Sun 30-Jun-13 10:24:08
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