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U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-08-073
Date: September 2009
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Problem Statement
Asphalt concrete pavement, one of the largest infrastructure components in the United States, is a complex system that involves multiple layers of different materials, various combinations of irregular traffic loading, and various environmental conditions. Therefore, a realistic prediction of the long-term service life of asphalt pavements is one of the most challenging tasks for pavement engineers. The performance of asphalt concrete pavements is closely related to the performance of asphalt concrete. In order to predict the performance of asphalt concrete with reasonable accuracy, a better understanding of its deformation behavior under realistic conditions is urgently needed.
Asphalt concrete is a viscoelastic particulate composite that consists of aggregate particles and an asphalt binder matrix. When the asphalt-aggregate composite is subjected to repeated traffic loading at low temperatures, distributed microstructural damage occurs primarily in the forms of microcrack nucleation and growth due to the embrittled binder and high-stress concentrations along the aggregate-binder interfaces. Therefore, the role of the binder and the variables that influence the properties of the binder (e.g., aging, adhesion, etc.) become important to the study of this type of damage. At high temperatures, the asphalt binder becomes too soft to carry the load, and thus, the principal type of damage is permanent deformation due to volume change (i.e., densification) and rearrangement of aggregate particles. Therefore, a reliable performance prediction model should account for the effects of various constitutive factors that affect the aggregate-binder and aggregate-aggregate interactions.
With the goal of accurate pavement performance evaluation, researchers at North Carolina State University (NCSU) have been developing advanced models for asphalt concrete under complex loading conditions. Over the past decade, they have successfully developed material models that can accurately capture various critical phenomena such as microcrack-induced damage, which is critical in fatigue modeling, strain-rate temperature interdependence, and viscoplastic flow, which is critical for high-temperature modeling. The resulting model is termed the viscoelastic continuum damage (VEPCD) model. While the initial development of the VEPCD model focused on uniaxial tension behavior, the accurate performance prediction of an asphalt mixture in a pavement structure requires a multidimensional model.
To predict the performance of real pavement structures, it is also important to incorporate the material model in a pavement model that considers the vehicle and climatic loads as well as the boundary conditions. The finite element method is best suited for this purpose due to the nonlinear material behavior. The group has an in-house finite element code (FEP++) which can analyze general nonlinear dynamical systems. FEP++ is a research code and requires several modifications in order to be used for routine pavement modeling.
1.2. Objectives
The long-term goal of the asphalt pavement modeling research at NCSU is to develop a mechanistic asphalt pavement performance prediction methodology that can be used by State highway agencies. This research focuses on the following objectives to accomplish this goal:
1.3. Research Scope
This research includes four of the mixtures used in the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Accelerated Load Facility (ALF) current study that is funded through the pooled-fund study, TPF-5(019). Three of the mixtures contain asphalt binders modified with polymeric additives; the remaining mixture contains an unmodified asphalt binder. Material behavior under both tension and compression is addressed in this research. For the current research in multiaxial model development, only the unmodified mixture is being used.


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The Central Ohio Alumni Chapter serves the Greater Columbus area along with more than 6,700 Kent State alumni who reside there. A variety of events and programs are hosted by this chapter including monthly happy hours, new student send-off picnic, wine tastings and basketball game watch parties. Additionally, the chapter continues to grow the Central Ohio Scholarship Fund (give to the scholarship).
For more information or to connect with other alumni from the Central Ohio Alumni Chapter, please visit the Central Ohio Alumni Chapter Facebook page.
The alumni association hosts many events in your area. From happy hours to formal dinners, there is always something going on in your area that allows you to connect with other Kent State alumni. Please view the alumni association event page for upcoming Central Ohio events.
Are you interested in becoming an area representative or want to learn more about the Central Ohio Chapter? Please contact the alumni association at firstname.lastname@example.com or the following chapter leaders:
Dennis Ginty, '84
Annual Member

subset: commoncrawl


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Ethiopian Airlines Increases 787 Dreamliner Order by Five Airplanes
Boeing and Ethiopian Airlines today said the airline has increased its firm orders for the 787 Dreamliner to 10 airplanes by exercising purchase rights obtained with its initial order announced Feb 4. The airline is the first 787 customer to exercise purchase rights or options for the rapidly selling new Boeing jetliner.
Ethiopian Airlines and Boeing also said they have completed the contract for the airline's 10 Dreamliners, valued at US$1.6 billion at list prices.
"Having been the first to bring jet service to the African continent, Ethiopian Airlines is excited to once again be the first by launching operations in Africa with this revolutionary airplane," Ethiopian Airlines CEO Ato Girma Wake said. "The 787, represents the future—one in which Ethiopian Airlines will play a major part—and we view this airplane to be a cutting edge solution to bolster our passenger service, improve our efficiencies and add to the airline's bottom line."
Ethiopian Airlines moved quickly to secure its five additional delivery positions for the 787 following a series of recent order announcements for the airplane, which is essentially sold out for its first three years of production. Its first 787 is scheduled for delivery to its Addis Ababa home base in 2008.
"The market appeal for the 787 continues to grow," said Alan Mulally, president and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes. "We're proud to strengthen our long-standing partnership with Ethiopian Airlines through the 787, which will help airlines all over the world operate profitably while flying people directly where they want to go, with exceptional comfort and with unmatched economic efficiency."
Ethiopian Airlines will be the first Africa-based operator of the technologically advanced and rapidly selling jet and one of the first anywhere to receive the Dreamliner.
Developed as an entirely new airplane and incorporating composite technology that lends to operating efficiencies and performance characteristics exceeding conventional airframes, Boeing's 787 continues to gain ground with airlines worldwide.
Boeing now has 266 orders and commitments from 21 customers for the 787. The Ethiopian Airlines order will be booked on Boeing's Orders and Deliveries Web site, pending final documentation of U.S. Ex-Im Bank guarantees.
Boeing's partnership with Ethiopian Airlines dates back some 50 years. Today, it operates an all-Boeing fleet of 737 and 767 airplanes.
Top Headlines
- RJ receives its 5th Dreamliner; concludes the introduction of the first group of the 787 order
- Boeing, Oman Air announce order for six Boeing 787 Dreamliners
- Boeing Invites the World to View the 787 Premiere
- Boeing and Royal Air Maroc complete 787 Dreamliner order
- Qatar Airways Dreamliner back in the sky


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In the park, there is a memorial: two black granite towers in the shape of the twin towers, with a plaque naming those from the area who died.
This is a scarred community - not only because of the eight who died but because so many people who live here work in New York.
Everybody seems to know somebody who was involved.
Brian Gillen commuted to his fire station in New York and was called to the site after the attacks.
For a time, he was unaccounted for.
"I helped organise 40 funerals - funerals for friends. At first it was physically exhausting, and then it became mentally exhausting, very taxing on people.
People in Warwick get on with their lives quietly.
You get no sense of anger in Brian Gillen - just a sense of anxiety, particularly as he has one son who's just followed into his fireman's boots, and two sons with the Marines.
New phase
Different people have different ways of dealing with their grief.
Mary Williamson lost her husband, a firefighter, and is determined to look forward.
"My children are growing up. It's a new phase of my life. My new friends know nothing of 9/11. I don't introduce myself as a participant of 9/11.
"My husband was a wonderful man. We had 20 years together - but there are many, many good things yet to happen. I don't want to live in fear."
There is a more pervasive, general effect of the attacks in Warwick, according to Catholic priest Michael McLoughlin.
"Before, when you wanted to organise a trip to Manhattan you would have the parents just sign off the paper and off you'd go.
"Now we have some parents tell us 'I don't want my child to go on a trip to Manhattan' - they are afraid.
"There's a raised awareness of security, we've had to put security systems on all of the doors of the school, just to take away the nervousness and the fear of parents.
"Life has changed. There is always the sense that maybe it could happen again."
Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now.";


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Category Archives: Work from home attempt
AdWords and PPC Coach
So this is my second week trying to work this full time. It didn't really worked as I hoped it since there were still distractions (minor) and sometimes it still struck me that I've done my daily task and there … Continue reading
A Life Change
These past few months have been hectic enough that I can't afford to spare time for posting, but basically the September and October earning were massive enough that I considered something more drastic – a life change. I weren't able … Continue reading
September Earning
Here's September Earning: This month's payment is huge enough that I start thinking of doing something drastic, but some particular circumstances prevent me from doing it right away. The cleansing post panda The "cleansing" seemed to work good. I deleted … Continue reading
August Earning
So here we are at the end of August. Here's August earning: Following the drop of visitors on all my sites after the Panda update, the CB sales suffered heavy blow. Well, can't expect much from 20 visitors/day anyway. I've … Continue reading
July Earning
Here's July earning. CB: Paypal:


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Mayor urges residents to fight migrant flights
MURRIETA, Calif. (AP) — A Southern California mayor is urging residents to fight a plan to fly migrant families from Texas for processing at a border patrol facility in his city.
Murrieta Mayor Alan Long said Monday that a hotline to field community questions is being prepared, and police will be ready for any security issues, though he acknowledges the migrants won't be released locally and don't have criminal records.
Long says border officials told him a flight carrying 140 people is expected Tuesday. He says migrants will be processed at a Murrieta border patrol facility and turned over to immigration authorities.
Border Patrol officials in San Diego could not immediately confirm a date for the migrants' arrival.
Border agents say another flight is expected to take migrants to El Centro for processing.


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I came across an old entry today on CSOonline.com. It is dated 2002. It's titled "The Top Five Concerns for a CSO" and lists what, at the time, were the five areas of focus for security leadership.
From the article:
1. Access
Control to the enterprise and basic functions of the enterprise should be high on your list.
2. Assets
Consider information as well as operations. Protecting them is your raison d'être.
3. Employee mobility
Think about how assets can be moved around.
4. Human capital
Pay attention to the telltale signs that could predict an employee threat.
5. Perception
You need to make employees feel safe without going overboard. Knee-jerk reactions won't gain any ground or achieve a competent effect.
My take: It's interesting that in all that has changed, in all of the advances we've witnessed in technology over the last decade, that the core concerns of a security leader still remain about the same. Sure, trends such as BYOD may have turned the concept of "employee mobility" on its ear, but the principal issue remains constant.
What would you change about this list? What would you add to it?


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|Home > Lourdes
♀ Lourdes
What does Lourdes mean?
Lourdes [lour-des]▼ as a girls' name is pronounced LOOR-des, LOORDZ. It is of French origin. Place name. Miracles of healing are attributed to the place in France where the Virgin Mary reportedly appeared in 1858 to a young girl, later honored as Saint Bernadette. Actress-singer Madonna chose the name for her first-born daughter. Ballerina Lourdes Lopez.
VARIANTS Lourdecita, Lourdetta, Lourdette, LurdesCREATIVE FORMS
(female) Loudes, Lourden, ..
(male) Lource, Lourre, .. MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
Lourdes Eva (L.E.), ..
How popular is Lourdes?
Lourdes is a very prominent first name for women (#549 out of 4276, Top 13%) and a slightly less prominent surname for both adults and children (#115489 out of 150436, Top 77%). (2000 U.S. CENSUS)
Lourdes was first listed in 1930-1939 and reached its apex rank of #559 in the U.S. in the 1960s, but is not in the Top 1000 currently. (2015 BIRTH Statistics)
Which version is better?with its variant forms and related girl names. The only other prominent related form of Lourdes ranked in the Top 2000 is Bernadette (#1492 A YEAR AGO). These relations of Lourdes were at the apex of their popularity in the 1960s (AVERAGE #416) and are now much less conventional, with versions such as Lourdes becoming somewhat outmoded.
Similar NamesSuggested similar names are Laure, Laureen, Laurel, Lauren▼, Laurie▼, Lauriel, Laurnea (see Laura), Loire, Loree, Loreen, Lorel, Loren▼, Lorey, Lorie▼, Loriel, Loris, Lorne, Lorrae, Lorree, Lorren, Lorrie▼ and Louise▼. These names tend to be less frequently used than Lourdes.


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Do some 3D Modelling
I need someone to quickly use already existing 3D models to build a scene quickly and send it to me FBX. I need a toilet, stairs, living room & kitchen. No need to render or do any shading. Just geometry.
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Hi, i am ready for this project. i will do it within deadline. Please check my portfolio:- https://www.dropbox.com/sh/armg522a4aunb98/AADtGTJL7nAZqK6wIHF7JpGZa?dl=0#/ thanks
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Hi, i am available for this project. i will do your project according to your requirements. i will send you regular updates and will do it in fair cost... portfolio:- https://www.dropbox.com/sh/e7xm3lm66fjapqo/AAA77 เพิ่มเติม


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Does Self Tanner Clog Your Pores?
A friend of mine just fessed up to a recent bout of facials. I say "fessed up" not only because she is not making a dent in her student loans, but because she needs these facials to combat a problem she herself has caused. Apparently, some facial self tanners congest pores and are almost impossible to get out. If you've spent a Summer slathering it on only to find yourself breaking out now, this may be why. A sunless summer is the best option for your skin long-term, but a summer of self-tanning can also take a toll on your skin.
"Self tanners themselves do not clog pores however they can be put into formulations that can clog pores," explains Dr. Doris J. Day, a Manhattan dermatologist. "You should exfoliate before applying to make sure the skin is smooth and the product penetrates evenly, and look for products that say non-comedogenic or non-acnegenic on the label. This means they have been tested to not clog pores. Generally this would be gels, lotions, or wipes. "
The best way to remedy the aftermath at home? Once you're close to your normal skin color (because you don't want to end up streaked) try a peel, like Neutrogena Advanced Solutions Facial Peel ($25.99), to encourage skin cell turnover.


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rows attribute | rows property
Sets or retrieves the frame heights of the object.
<element rows="p" ... >
Property values
Type: Integer
Integer that specifies the frame height, in pixels.
Integer, followed by a %. The value is a percentage of total available height.
Integer that specifies the frame height as a relative value. After allocating pixel or percentage values, the remaining space is divided among all relative-sized frames.
The number of comma-separated items is equal to the number of frames contained within the frameSet, while the value of each item determines the frame height.
This example defines a two-row frame, with the first occupying 40 percent of the available height and the second occupying the remaining 60 percent.
<frameset rows="40%, 60%">
This example defines a four-row frame. The first is 50 pixels high and the fourth is 80 pixels high. The second occupies two-thirds of the remaining height, while the third occupies the final one-third of the remaining height.
<frameset rows="50, 2*, *, 80">
See also


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Let's TalkZapaday, Verrijn Stuartlaan 7, Rijswijk, Netherlands.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Head of the Catholic Church, Pope Benedict XVI, resigns due to health reasons.
"After having repeatedly examined my conscience before God, I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise of the Petrine ministry," the Pope announced on February 11.
Visit the Official Website


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TOP STORY >>Funds will run out for for improving area roads
Leader senior staff writer
The collapse in Minneapolis of the I-35 West bridge Aug. 1 into the Mississippi River could be both a harbinger of things to come and a metaphor for the future of central Arkansas and its infrastructure unless local communities chip in to pay for the expense of maintaining and expanding roads and services, according to Metroplan executive director Jim McKenzie.
In rapidly growing areas like Cabot, expansion will slow, then stop without a massive and unanticipated infusion of money, and bridges, highways, roads and water and sewer lines throughout the area could eventually disintegrate, choking off economic development as well as residential growth, McKenzie predicted.
Theres no money to sustain new growth, according to McKenzie.
Speaking to the Metroplan board of directors Wednesday, McKenzie said there are three kinds of moneyfree money, easy money and real money.
McKenzie told the board that the era of free highway moneythat is, money from the federal governmentis about over.
He said federal highway fundingknown as SAFETEA-LUis two years late, increased funding is illusionary and inadequate, the highway trust fund is in jeopardy and the federal role in funding highways and transportation is increasingly unclear.
SAFETEA-LU stands for Safe, Accountable, Flexible and Efficient Transportation Equity Act.
We sit and wait on the federal government at our peril, he warned. If we want to continue to grow, we need to take care of our own infrastructure. Those who do will succeed in the future.
McKenzie added that state moneyhe calls that easy moneyis clearly insufficient.
He said the state Highway Department had conservatively identified $19.1 billion worth of needs over the next 10 years, but only $4.1 billion in anticipated funding.
Thats a $15.1 billion shortfall.
Just to fix and maintain existing roads and bridges will cost more than twice the $4.1 billion anticipated.
Real money, on the other hand, is money that a city or region can generate by taxing itselfmoney it could count on and use to solve its own problems.
He said former President Reagan did the nation a disservice when he popularized the idea you could get $1.50 worth of services for $1.
The Apian Way, a 500-mile road that sustained the Roman Empire, is still in use because its been maintained, according to McKenzie.
Building a road is the cheap part, he said. Maintaining it is the expensive part.
Much of this nations interstate bridge and highway system, begun when Eisenhower was president, is aging and crumbling.
Stuff wears out, McKenzie said.
If we want to continue to grow, we have to take care of our own needs, he said.
I prefer not to go softly into the 21st Century and cede the future to China and India, McKenzie said in a Thursday interview.
He said that two years ago, the General Assembly created Regional Mobility Authorities, and this year it empowered those authorities to propose regional sales or gasoline taxes to pay for highway expansion and maintenance and even mass transportation.
Energy independence is a critical issue, he added. Even if we raised taxes on petroleum, we must develop solar, wind, tidal and geothermal power.
McKenzie identified four scenarios for the next Transportation Equity ActTEA. Those are:
Re-TEAreauthorization as usual by Congress.
Post-TEAfundamental reform.
Ideologyfunding responsibility devolves to the states.
Green TEAbuilt around energy independence and global warming issues.
McKenzie said the trucking industry has proposed a tax to fund trucks-only roadways that would allow triple trailers and increased allowable axle weight.
The General Assembly authorized Regional Mobility Authorities in 2007. Central Arkansas could establish one this year and next year it could develop a program of projects.
Then, the 2009 General Assembly could authorize a taxing authority, including a one-half cent temporary sales tax to organized and the authority for a 5-cent local gas tax approved by a majority of the quorum. Another 5-cent per-gallon tax could be referred to the public for adoption.
McKenzie said hed like to see a tax program passed in 2010.
I have some concerns that when you try to pass a regional tax, its difficult because of adjoining cities and counties, said Jacksonville Mayor Tommy Swaim. If we formed (a mobility authority) in central Arkansas, it would add to our gas or sales tax, but a lot of the traffic here comes from outside the area. I dont think there is an easy solution.
We need to continue to work with senators and congressmen to get as much federal funding as possible.
Locally, a 5-cent per-gallon tax gasoline tax could raise $9.2 million in Pulaski County, $2.4 million in Faulkner, $1.5 million in Lonoke and $2.3 million in Saline.
A halfpenny dedicated sales tax in those counties would raise $32.5 million in Pulaski County, $5 million in Faulkner, $2.1 million in Lonoke and $3.8 million in Saline County.


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Hey folks. The people in the Creative Suite marketing unit have completed the CS4 Print Guide. This is a good, solid resource to help you understand how to successfully print from the CS4 applications (or at least create file that will print). We at the Adobe Education Technologies blog thought you might want to give it a look-see. Check it out by following this link: Link to the CS4 Print Guide.
By Timothy Plumer, Jr.
Comments (0)
December 3, 2008


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The Gunners look to bounce back from opening-day defeat by visiting Craven Cottage but do so without several key players, while Scott Parker and Darren Bent could debut at home
Arsene Wenger's men made a dreadful start to their league campaign, suffering a 3-1 home defeat to a Villa side who only just avoided relegation last term but the Gunners recovered strongly on Wednesday, posting a terrific 3-0 win at Fenerbahce in the first leg of their Champions League play-off.
Theo Walcott starred for Arsenal, creating two of the goals, and feels that his side can beat anyone at their best.
"If everyone works hard for each other, we can get the results," the forward told the club's official website. "I think at the weekend that probably wasn't the case and we knew how disappointing it was. You don't want to start a season like that.
"We've forgotten about that and we're concentrating on Fulham. And if we perform like [Wednesday], with that intensity, we can beat anyone."
|Bet365 offer 7/1 for Theo Walcott to score first and Arsenal to beat Fulham
Midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (knee) is sidelined for up to three months, leaving Wenger short of midfield options with Abou Diaby (knee) and Mikel Arteta (thigh) not expected back any time soon.
Left-back Nacho Monreal has recovered from a back problem, though, and featured against Fenerbahce.
Fulham enjoyed a far better opening day to the season as they claimed a 1-0 win at Sunderland thanks to Pajtim Kasami's second-half strike.
New signings Scott Parker and Darren Bent could make their debuts on Saturday. Parker joined from Tottenham for an undisclosed fee on Monday, while Bent, on a season's loan from Villa, did not feature from the bench at Sunderland.
Fulham will be without goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg (shoulder) and Kieran Richardson (hamstring), who both limped off at the Stadium of Light, but attacker Alexander Kacaniklic has a chance of returning from a hamstring problem of his own. David Stockdale is likely to deputise in goal for Martin Jol's side after coming off the bench for Stekelenburg.
Fulham have enjoyed a good record against Arsenal in recent times, losing just one of their last five fixtures, but Arsenal did win the most recent meeting as Per Mertesacker scored the only goal in a 1-0 away win in April that saw both sides end the match with 10 men.


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Welcome to Cliff House Holiday Park, specialists in Suffolk holidays. We offer lodges and caravan holiday homes for sale here in Dunwich, Suffolk. We also have a range of self-catering apartments and cottages for rent. You may prefer to stay in one of our 120 clifftop camping and touring pitches.
Cliff House is a David Bellamy Gold Award Park. We also won Holiday Park of the Year for the East of England, decided by East Anglia Tourist Board Judges in 2006/2007. Cliff House was also a recent runner-up in the Tourism in Suffolk awards.
Latest News
20 Jul 2017 - Cliff House Golf Day 2017 - 19th August
The battle for the Cliff House Golf Cup will be held on the 19th August 2017. All those w...More Info
Don't forget like the infamous series 'Open all Hours' that we are! Cliff House benefits from campin...More Info
The 12 Lost Churches, our contemporary Bar and Restaurant is open every day from 10am - close. It is open all year round serving food, drinks, for parties, functions and parties giving the Park and the local area a fabulously versatile facility to use. Come and visit it now and see, there really is nothing like it in the whole of Suffolk!!
To find out what the 12 Lost Churches' can do for you please telephone 01728 648986 and make an appointment for a guided tour. The project took just over 2 years to build after almost 5 years of planning. The interior has been professionally designed and the whole area is heated by an eco friendly ground source pump.
Cliff House Holiday Park from the Air - Easter 2015
Published on 14th Apr 2015
One of our lovely customers at Cliff House came with his Drone over the Easter Weekend 2015. Have a look at these stunning videos and pictures, it really shows what a stunning site we have here on the Suffolk Heritage Coast
WHAT MAKES CLIFF HOUSE HOLIDAY PARK in SUFFOLK SO POPULAR?
The answer is simple we have the LOCATION! Ideally situated on the Suffolk Heritage Coast with beach access we are surrounded by the most beautiful heathland and woodland walks, an ideal place to visit and spend your well earned leisure time relaxing, with our team ensuring you recharge your batteries! We have lodges and caravans for sale here with luxury second home ownership definitely being in vogue and whether you own a house abroad and wish for a UK base to pop over to, just want a place to escape to the Coast for you and your family or want to invest in our buy to let opportunity we have something to offer all. Camping and touring is extremely popular here as is our superb self catering so we have something for all.... RING NOW ON 01728 648282 to find out more NOW!


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Digital Research Library - News
subscribe to news updates with our rss feed
Dec 13, 2001
Historic Pittsburgh announces a new component to the website: an online chronology. The chronology, consisting of over 3,100 entries from 1717 to 2000, is drawn from the fifth edition of Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City by Stefan Lorant, renowned photojournalism pioneer and author. The chronology can be browsed by decade and year, or searched by keyword and date.


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Weather Forecast
Weather Maps
Weather Radar
Sponsor the Sea Coast Echo Weather! Call Jace at 228-467-5474
Rockin' the Boats: Bay Harbor officially opens with 2nd annual festival
By Geoff Belcher
Jul 25, 2014, 21:01
There will be a special ribbon cutting ceremony for the harbor on Saturday at 11 a.m.
With nearly two years of construction and two decades of planning behind it, the city of Bay St. Louis will officially celebrate the grand opening of its new municipal harbor and pier today.
The city will host a ribbon cutting ceremony at 11 a.m. today as part of the Bay Harbor Fest 2014 events.
"The harbor has been on the city's wish list for a long time," Mayor Les Fillingame said Thursday. "I think the original vision of a downtown marina was in the Sand Beach Master Plan. There was a huge desire at that time to develop our waterfront ... but there was never the funding in place."
Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent federally-funded rebuilding efforts changed all that.
"The possibility is now a reality ...," Fillingame said.
"It's going to be a significant attachment to downtown Bay St. Louis and will forever change the way we do business. We know that opening that harbor has forever changed Bay St. Louis in a very, very positive way.
"That harbor is going to be the hub of Bay St. Louis' recreational activity from now on."
A lot of people and companies contributed to the dream project, Fillingame said, including city employees like Buz Olsen and Paula Fairconnetue; Gill's Crane & Dozer Service of Slidell, the general contractor; Dale Partners of Biloxi, the architectural firm; Simpkins & Costelli, Structural Design Engineers of Gulfport; Canon Engineering, Electrical Design Engineers of Gulfport; BMI Environmental Services of Gulfport, which did the environmental permitting; and Brown, Mitchell & Alexander, Inc., the consulting engineers.
"It's not every day you get to work on a nice harbor that is a new project for a community like Bay St. Louis," Dax Alexander of Brown, Mitchell & Alexander said Thursday. "We've done a lot of improvements and renovations for existing facilities, but ... for us, this was a special project to be involved in."
Alexander gave a lot of the credit to BMA's Jason Chiniche, the project manager; and Marty Dove, who did much of the design work and managed a lot of the field work and details.
"Jason did a great job managing the schedule and the budget with the needs of the city and Marty did a great job working with the contractor together to get the details we were looking for," Alexander said.
"It's been a real honor to be a part of this project," Leigh G. Jaunsen of Dale Partners said. "We love Bay St. Louis and really admire the tremendous effort by the community to rebuild from Katrina in a thoughtful and deliberate way. "
"It was nice working out there with everybody," Brett Audibert of Gill's Crane & Dozer said. "I think everything went well, It was designed really well. I think it's real strong.
"And, we finished a month early on the whole project, with no accidents."
Myrna Green, executive director of the Hancock County Tourism Development Bureau, said the harbor has already become a huge tourist draw.
"It's incredible," she said Friday. "It has already been more successful than even we possibly could have dreamed."
"The biggest lesson of the whole harbor to the community is the fact that it has come to fruition without having spent a dime of local money," Fillingame said. "We opened that harbor with full ownership and no liabilities."
Harbor Fest continues today with a Kids Fishing Rodeo from 8 a.m.-2 p.m.; live music; a juried art market; food fair; custom kite demonstrations and building by Kewl Kites; a 5K Fun Run, 2 Mile Run and 2 Mile Kayak race; Boaters' Rendezvous; classic restored boats; kayak rentals; and a special tribute to Jerry and Melva Fisher, owners of the popular Dock of the Bay, which was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.
There will also be Mitchell Bros. carnival rides, a classic tugboat, and a Mardi Gras sculpture of Poseidon by Studio3 on site during the festival.
More information on this year's event can be obtained at bayharborfest.com, and look for the complete schedule on page 5A of today's edition of the Sea Coast Echo.
Copyright © 2004 - present seacoastecho.com


text:
Home Improvement
Home Improvement Questions? Ask a Handyman for Answers
Hello there and welcome to Just Answer. My name is XXXXX XXXXX I will be assisting you today. I am an engineer with over 30 years of electrical and electronic training, repair and installation experience. I will try and answer your question accurately and precisely so that we can get you on your way.
I need some additional information from you in order to fully understand the situation.
Can you tell me the nameplata data on the heater, specifically voltage, wattage, amperage etc?
Please let me know so that we can continue.
18.8 amps
GE low boy model 30 gallon
Ok, that's great info. Thanks.
Now, what size is your breaker and wiring to this heater?
You should have a 2 pole 30A breaker and #10 wiring. Is that correct so far?
There is a two pole 40 amp breaker. Two pole meaning a double breaker?
The wire is questionable. It comes out of the side wall with no conduit. I think it is aluminum wiring. There is two wires, black insulated. The ground wire is 15-20 thin wires so when you tie them all together is looks like a rope :-). When I first wired the heater and it blew the main breaker the grounding was questionable. I watched the next time we turned the breaker back on and it sparked at the point where the ground was attached to a screw on the heater. I tried to better secure the ground with a metal washer. It still trips the main breaker.
Is this a brand new heater?
Do you have a multimeter or better still, an insulation tester or 'Megger'?
Yes it is a brand new heater. No multimeter :-(.
I have read on-line that maybe it could be the reset on the upper t-stat?
How many wires do you have at your junction box? I assume you have a black and a red and a ground? Is hat correct? Do you have a white neutral?
Junction box meaning on top of the heater? There is a black and red wire coming up from inside the heater. I did not see a ground wire there. no white neutral. The wire leading to the heater has two black and the many smaller ground wires as explained before.
Ok, I am going to opt out of this question which will allow other electrical experts to chime in. I'm not quite sure I understand the situation. I'm sorry.
Hold on and someone should be along.
For you or others the situation is that every time I turn the breaker on for the hot water heater it trips the main breaker for the townhome. It is a brand new hot water heater and this was not happening with the old heater. The old heater was replaced because it started leaking. Thanks.
Welcome. My name is XXXXX XXXXX would be glad to assist
I have read the information and postings so fairly familiar with what you have going on at the moment.
Your cable for the water heater sounds like an older SEU cable installation as used in the 70's-80's or even earlier.
It has 2 wires black and the ground is just a group of wires that actually wrap around the other 2 when the cable is unstripped.
That is aluminum and probably #8 awg.
If you can read the outside of the cable insulation it will tell what it is.
#8 should be on a 30 amp breaker and not the 40.
Needless to say, that doesn't trip one so lets look at what the problem may be.
If it sparked at the ground screw, that is a bad sign that wires are shorted somewhere.
So, please do this and post back the results.
Remove the entire cable from the water heater wiring compartment.
The separate the 2 blacks and the ground from each other.
The turn on the breaker and see if everything is fine while it is disconnected.
Do not just unwire the heater, remove the cable from the top where it is connected to the heater going into the wiring section.
Will await the info.
Just to make sure because this is at a rental unit 15 min away. You want me to disconnect the wires from the hot water heater and flip the breaker on to see if anything happens. Correct?
How is the cable connected to the water heater?
Water heaters have a whole in the top above the wiring compartment for a connector, then the cable is installed in the connector to get the wires into the wiring area.
How is yours done?
Yes sounds similar. The main wire with the 2 black wires and ground runs to the opening at the top of the heater. The ground is attached to a screw outside the compartment and the 2 black wires run into the compartment where they are attached to a black and red wire with wire nuts.
Ok, thanks.
Yes, remove the entire cable up and out of the water heater.
Completely out of the way and separate the wires so they do not touch each other.
Then turn on the breaker and see if it is fine?
What happens with this large cable:
It gets cut by the sides of the entrance hole going into the water and causes a direct short in many cases.
The wire is too big.
Normally what is done, is set a box, then put that large cable in the box and run a smaller #10 copper cable out of the box and into the heater.
That way, there is more room and less chance of a short.
Water heaters are designed for #10 wire, not a SEU cable such as yours.
It is too hard to make connections inside plus the ground on the big cable cannot be made properly to the screw.
The smaller wire is suggested to use by installing the junction box.
Also, you need split bolts for the connection of the big wires and not wire nuts.
Hope that explains it well enough, let me know


text: Penny Gadget is the adorable, precious and tomboyishly beautiful niece of Inspector Gadget and is basically Gadget's aid in the series, she goes on her uncle's casses without him knowing and is the true hero of Metro City, she helps her clumsy uncle through missions behind his back while the incompetent inspector bumbles on his cases and is unable to actually complete the mission himself his niece Penny does it for him along with Brain (Penny's loyal pet dog). Often Penny snoops around MAD agent hideouts and is caught by them, she is then either locked away or tied up tight having either Brain rescue her or she sometimes escapes herself, Penny has blue eyes(sometimes green!), blonde hair tied into two pigtails and wears a red short-sleeved T-shirt with a white stripe going over the middle and has olive green patched up trousers with cuffs on them, Penny is right handed and is very intelligent. Like her uncle, she is also equipped with a numerous amount of gadgets such as Her computer Book and watch. For screenshots of Penny see: Penny Gadget:gallery!


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General Considerations on the Problem of Coca-Leaf Chewing
In preparing the "Annotated Bibliography on the Effects of Chewing the Coca Leaf",1 general conclusions were reached which ha Bulletin on Narcoticsve not so far been published. Consequently, the offer to include them in the is accepted with pleasure.
Author: P. O. Wolff
Pages: 2 to 5
Creation Date: 1952/01/01
RUINS OF MACHU PICCHU Photo: Martin Chambi
General Considerations on the Problem of Coca-Leaf ChewingM.D., Ph.D., M.A P. O. Wolff
Chief, Addiction Producing Drugs Section, World Health Organization
In preparing the "Annotated Bibliography on the Effects of Chewing the Coca Leaf",1 general conclusions were reached which ha Bulletin on Narcoticsve not so far been published. Consequently, the offer to include them in the is accepted with pleasure.
Although this paper was written three years ago it is felt that the observations figuring therein are still valid today. These observations have, moreover, been confirmed in the meantime by the important statements formulated by the Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf of the Economic and Social Council. We therefore publish the text unchanged.
1 Report of the Commission of Enquiry on the Coca Leaf, Economic and Social Council, Special Supplement No. 1, E/1666, 1950, pp. 119-160.
The numerous works cited in the above-mentioned bibliography bring out, in our opinion, the great importance of the subject under consideration, namely "the terrible problem of the intoxication", as it was so aptly termed by Carlos Enrique Paz Soldán, Director of the Social Hygiene Institute, University of Lima. With the aim of improving the position, Paz Soldán and some of his compatriots have waged an incessant war on coca-leaf chewing. Among those who have helped in this praiseworthy effort we may mention in particular Luis N. Sáenz, to whom we owe an encyclopaedic work on the question; Carlos A. Ricketts, who attempted, unfortunately without success, to have the necessary legislative measures adopted; and, more recently, Carlos Gutiérrez Noriega and his co-workers, who defined the basic pharmacological and clinical factors of the problem.
The accounts of scientific travellers, especially those of the first half of the eighteenth century, contain information which sometimes should be used only with caution, since despite their remarkable general culture and their extensive knowledge of the natural sciences, and despite their experience in the art of observation, these travellers were not always free from error. Thus the fits of hallucination caused by coca-leaf chewing and described by a traveller as eminent as the archaeologist J. J. Von Tschudi (1832-1842) are "relatively very rare", as observed by Luis N. Sáenz and as recently confirmed by Gutiérrez Noriega.
Such caution is in agreement with the views formulated by H. W. Maier, the Zurich psychiatrist, whose competence as regards cocainism is generally recognized. In his monograph on the question (1926), he states that he encountered so many unsatisfactory features in Tschudi's clinical descriptions that he found himself unable to draw conclusions of a medical nature.2
Despite these authoritative criticisms, certain authors never fail to refer to Tschudi's description, considering them an essential source for the discussion of the effects of coca-leaf chewing.
It is, in fact, only within the last few decades that the concepts "habit formation" and "drug addiction" have become more clearly defined, although we still have not thorough knowledge of the mechanism by which they develop within the organism.
It will therefore be understood that observations on coca-leaf chewing recorded about a century ago-including those due to physicians-were relatively vague, since even members of the medical profession could base their opinions only on the scientific knowledge of their period. We would like to stress this point, so as to avoid the mistake made by certain contemporary authors who believe they can gauge the present position on the basis of observations made at the time of the Conquest or during the following three centuries.
This same criterion of judgment should be applied to a work which has often been quoted, the thesis of the famous Peruvian physician, Dr. Hipólito Unanue, entitled "Dissertation on the appearance, cultivation, trade in and virtues of the famous plant of Peru known as Coca".3 Already in 1913, Hermilio Valdizán, the eminent Peruvian psychiatrist and medical historian, affirmed that this was "an agronomical study and that considerations concerning the effects of coca on the degeneration of the indigenous races should not be sought in it". Consequently. we deem it unfortunate that today the supporters of the continued use of coca by the Indians rely principally on the evidence of Unanue, thus making abusive use of the solid and perfectly well-justified reputation enjoyed by the founder of the Peruvian school of medicine.
2 "Im Uebrigen sind die Krankheitsbilder zu wenig gut geschrieben, als dass sich medizinisch Weiteres daraus ableiten liesse."
3 "Disertación sobre el aspecto, cultivo, comercio y virtudes de la famosa planta del Perú, nombrada coca" (Lima, 1794).
For the same reasons, the research carried out and the opinions expressed during the second half of the last century have also been rendered relatively obsolete by present knowledge of drug addiction and the related problems, and are of little use in a modern study of the question, although their authors showed themselves to be already more aware of the nature of addiction. The difficulties encountered in this respect have been very well expressed by H. W. Maier in the monograph previously mentioned, where he declares: "Unfortunately, I have found no modern medical work on the pathological symptoms which develop among coca leaf chewers, no doubt since this addiction is found, above all, in regions which even today are little civilized. Our knowledge of these states is consequently based on the accounts of travellers, and this will continue until such time as these gaps in medical literature are filled by clinical and morbid anatomical studies made on the spot."4
However, since this period the position has greatly improved, thanks to research carried out above all by Peruvian workers, who have succeeded in considerably clarifying this problem from the experimental, clinical and social viewpoints.
On the other hand, relatively little is known of the work of Bolivian authors, as is noted, for example, by Aliaga Suárez. Nevertheless, certain distinguished physicians of that country have since expressed their views, and it may be concluded therefrom that they are seriously concerned with this problem.
Articles and reports which do nothing but exalt the "virtues" of the plant represent a factor contributing greatly to increased consumption of coca leaves and the development of the consequences thereof. Certain coca planters went so far a few years ago as to recommend, for example, under the pretext that the leaf contained vitamins, "that exportation be extended to... Europe and other countries where famine is rampant among the inhabitants". It is hardly necessary to say anything further with respect to such an attitude.
4 "Leider fand ich keine moderneren medizinischen Arbeiten uber die pathologischen Erscheinungen bei den Kokakauern, was wohl daran liegt, dass diese Sucht ihre starkste Entwicklung in Gegenden hat, die auch heute noch wenig kultiviert sind So sind wir einstweilen fur die Kenntnis dieser Zustande auf Reisebeschreibungen angewiesen, bis diese Lucke der medizinischen Literatur einmal durch klinische und pathologischanatomische Studien an Ort und Stelle ausgefullt sein wird."
Luis N. Sáenz points out, for example, that "it is precisely...the owners of coca plantations...who have in all periods brought to nothing the campaigns aiming at the liberation of the Indian from this addiction, even before these efforts commenced, or at their very outset". He recommends, consequently, that "indispensable" measures be taken, insisting that "the State, independently of measures of all kinds adopted to diminish consumption, also intervene to limit production and to submit the producer to strict control..., in order to avoid the coming to pass of what has been observed as concerns other forms of drug-addiction in countries where the drug producers have spread propaganda in favour of narcomania and advocated their baleful industry, defending it in such a way that Legrain was led to say of them, that 'they had, in fact, no heart other than their purse'".
In this connexion mention should be made of the remarkable Colombian Decree of 17 November 1948, forbidding the sale of coca leaves in markets and in establishments of any kind, with the exception of pharmacies and druggists. In our opinion, this is the first step - an excellent and decisive one - towards remedying and improving the present position.
On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that for the worker in mountainous regions who chews coca, the leaves of that plant have a value much greater than that of money as a constituent element of his wages. It is believed that the Peruvian Indian devotes 25 per cent of his income to purchasing coca leaves. "The whole life of the mountain dwellers", says Sáenz, "circles around coca."
Furthermore, the evil custom of paying part of the wages in coca-sometimes even the greater part-is a special feature of the exploitation of the Indian worker. One of those most familiar with the Indian and his inmost being, the Peruvian writer, Henrique López Albújar, goes so far as to say, "perhaps it is coca which makes the Indian resemble the donkey; but it is also coca which makes this human donkey work without complaint . . .".
Among the extensive investigations which have been carried out there are some which in our opinion are particularly important, namely those involving observations confirmed by control experiments, so that the results obtained can be compared-in so far as this comparison is possible in dealing with biological phenomena-with the reaction produced in normal persons. In the field of experimental science such a method represents the best, if not indeed, the only way of arriving at the most accurate and precise conclusions possible on biological questions.
It is clear that scientific problems cannot be decided by vote-despite examples of this which may be found in history-and that the opinion of a single worker, although opposed to that of the majority, may in the end be recognized as the correct and true one. Nevertheless, in the present case one fact appears significant to us: the great number of authors who hold the chronic chewing of coca leaves to be harmful as compared with the small number of those who consider it as being harmless. This is shown in the following table:
Opinion expressed
Physicians Number Of works Of authors 5
Non Physicians Number Of works Of authors 5
Harmful effects...
Harmless effects...
The social aspect of coca-leaf chewing has been intentionally taken into consideration. According to personal observations which we made in a region where the coca leaf is chewed, as well as according to the results of discussions which we had with physicians born in those regions and practising there, we feel justified in saying that the problem of coca-leaf chewing, considered as a whole, constitutes nothing more than the last link in a chain, unfortunately all too long, of social and medico-social scourges, which include pauperism, bad housing conditions, deficient nutrition, rudimentary or completely absent education, alcoholism, tuberculosis, venereal disease and other infections, and promiscuity, to mention only the worst calamities and miseries.
Furthermore, it is evident that the chewing of these leaves for pleasure is incompatible with the regular and normal taking of meals. We are convinced that coca-leaf chewing is a social evil; the chronic consumption of these leaves constitutes a social poison which undermines the physical and mental health of the population and lowers its moral and economic level.
In our opinion, the essential measure making effective suppression of cocaism possible is to be found in the improvement of general living conditions, the raising of the primitive population which chews the coca leaf and whose condition very often borders on extreme destitution. Suitable education of Indian youth would certainly yield good results and would reduce the large number of "infra-socials" produced by chewing the coca leaf. The results which have been obtained in evangelized Indian settlements and which have been described by Ricketts and other authors, afford a particularly striking example of this. Christianized Indians, in fact, no longer live in the former wretched conditions and thus show themselves physically and mentally capable of freeing themselves from coca-leaf chewing.
Our ideas are supported by the statement of Huamán Poma de Ayala, "the most extraordinary intellectual of the Indian race" (Gutiérrez Noriega), who affirms that "by providing the population with abundant supplies of fruit and vegetables the vice of coca leaf chewing could be abolished".
5The main author of each work has been considered as the sole author, without taking his co-workers into account.
We hope that we have shown that the coca problem cannot be considered by itself, but that it is intimately connected with the social state of the peoples in question, so that it should be considered against a background much more extensive than that represented by the plant alone.
History shows us that coca-leaf chewing was formerly known and practised in much more widespread areas than today, even as far as Central America (Nicaragua). It is worth while considering more closely the reasons which, in Ecuador for example, have led the Indians, who live at the same altitude as those chewing coca in Peru and Bolivia, to give up this vice.
In the last issue of América Indigena (vol. 12, no. 1, 7-32) there is an article by Luis A. León entitled "Historia y extinción del cocaismo en el Ecuador. Sus resultados" (History and abolition of cocaism in Ecuador and its results). He emphasises the fact that even in pre-Colombian times almost all the inhabitants of Ecuador chewed coca leaves, although this practice has now practically disappeared.6
In considering this subject, we must also take into account a question the study of which is still in full course of development, i.e., changes in certain functions and reactions of the organism at high altitudes. There are already numerous observations on this subject, particularly those made by F. Verzir as well as by A. de Muralt, and their respective co-workers in Switzerland. They have studied, in particular, the general functional reaction of the organism, thermal adaptation, etc., changes in the endocrine and vegetative functions, bearing in mind the fact that our therapeutic methods are based in large part on modifications of neurovegetative equilibrium. Many phenomena of great interest have been confirmed in this way: increased sensitivity, intensified reflexes, excitation of animal functions, etc., all observations which can only be mentioned in passing here, but which suffice to illustrate the importance of high-altitude physiology. Furthermore, Carlos Monge, who directs the Andean Institute of Biology in Peru, Alberto Hurtado, Professor of Physio-pathology at the University of Lima, and their co-workers, are actively investigating this same subject and have published papers of great value on the question.
6Editor's note: see below page 21.
We are not yet in a position to evaluate the repercussions which observations of this nature may have on the subject with which we are concerned here. In any case, we feel that the systematic pursuit of studies similar to those which the above-mentioned research workers are carrying on is of the greatest interest. Indeed, certain of these investigations have already reached an advanced stage, particularly as concerns the effects of coca.
We confess to optimism in scientific matters, an optimism which alone, we believe, makes progress possible. Criticism is necessary but, on the other hand, hyper-criticism often kills a seed which should be left to develop. If it has been possible to abolish from the cordilleras of Ecuador the urge to chew the coca leaf, why cannot the same result be obtained in countries so greatly affected by this scourge? The social improvement of the life of the Indian will no doubt open the way to attaining this objective. This is a worthy task -to aid the former masters of the South American continent to attain conditions of life better than those they have so far endured.
For the time being, however, the problem of cocaleaf chewing remains unsolved, like that of the Sphinx which defied the centuries. When will he appear, the Oedipus able to solve the riddle set us by the Kkoka, a word which signifies in the Aymara language, the plant par excellence, the plant above all others?


text:
Bobby Peschel finally has enough gold, silver and bronze saved up that he can retire comfortably.
The Salado golf coach plans to retire from coaching after 10 years at Salado and 42 overall and he has more than earned the right.
He's arguably the most decorated coach in Central Texas. But, of course, few people know his name.
He isn't Bob Shipley or Todd Dodge. The Brownwood and Marble Falls football coaches might be the most known coaches in the state.
But even Dodge, with his run at Southlake Carroll, might not have as much cachet as Peschel.
He led the Salado boys and girls golf teams to five total team championships — two with the boys and three with the girls. And there have been four individual golds and three silvers.
"For Salado golf, (competing at state) is a way of life — this state tournament is what we live by," Peschel said. "(And) you never turn medals down."
It started with Ryan O'Rear. The current Baylor senior won three straight individually and led Salado to back-to-back team championships in 2008-09.
It continued with Taylor O'Rear and Rachel Van Hoozer, who both took home the individual silver medals and team gold in their time playing for the Lady Eagles.
Now, it was Meredith Ward and Dane Hankamer's turn.
And just like those who preceded them, they delivered.
Ward took home the silver and the Salado girls won their program's sixth Class 2A state golf title with a two-day 719 (355-364) to finish 30 strokes ahead of state runner-up Sonora.
After bogeying seven of the front nine holes, Hankamer was only 1-over-par on the back nine, including parring his final three holes Friday to shoot a two-day 156 (77-79) and win the individual Class 2A state golf championship.
Ward earned her silver medal the hard way — in a playoff.
Both Van Hoozer and O'Rear got their silver medals after losing a playoff for first place.
Ward got hers by winning it. It may not have been pretty, but it got the job done.
Ward, Howe's Emily Taylor and Alpine's Rashae Skillem each teed off out of bounds. Ward and Taylor's hooked left and into the woods and Skillem's went into the lake to the right of the green.
But from there, Ward hit out of it. The others could not.
For that, she changed her metal from bronze to silver.
"Bogey golf is always good, and I've always told myself that — (it's) whatever it takes, and I'm not going to complain about winning it on a bogey," Ward said.
Golf is a sport of individuals. You are out there by yourself. It is you versus the greens, the pins and the hazards.
But Peschel has always found a way to make it a team sport.
As the lone senior and the only member to actually win a state championship, Ward took a motherly approach to helping lead the Salado girls golf team, helping them and cheering them on as needed. Teaching them what Peschel taught her years ago.
Ward was well ahead of her teammates Friday, but they were there making their share of bogeys and pars to ensure the Lady Eagles sent Peschel out with a gold medal. Ward shot a two-day total of 156, Kate Goldsmith carded a 187 (92-95), Sarah Colley finished with a 188 (94-94), junior Rachel Ray shot 190 (89-101) and freshman Molly Rodeffer a two-day 199.
It was a fitting end for the coach, who in 10 years has accomplished it all. The wins gave Peschel even more gold to go out with — and a bit of bronze and a dollop of silver.
Even without Peschel, though, the Eagles will continue to pile up medals.
Because, in Salado, winning golf tournaments is just a way of life.


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When I joined I was given to the care of a senior mataji. She introduced me to Srila Prabhupada the way people do when they want two persons to have a relationship. She was expert at bringing Srila Prabhupada alive in my life. She taught me how truly and comfortably I could go to Srila Prabhupada in any of his manifested forms for shelter. I brought anything to him; mental problems and speculation, shame and desire. He taught me and cared for me from the very beginning. He has been present in my life ever since and I can always count on him. He won't disappoint me.
My attachment for Srila Prabhupada and for following his instructions grew and I had no particular desire to take initiation from anyone, although I understood that it was part of the protocol. When the external pressure to be initiated became strong I approached Srila Prabhupada on the topic and prayed for his guidance. I believe that his answer was that I needed to take initiation. Although I was asked and somewhat pushed to take shelter from a particular influential "ISKCON guru", I listened to my heart and asked someone else, from whom I was getting the most inspiration, to give me formal initiation. At the time of my request for initiation this pure Vaisnava acknowledged that he and I did not have a deep relationship but that he was confident giving me formal initiation because of my attachment for Srila Prabhupada. For the three following years I mainly stayed under the shelter of my mataji well-wisher and continued hearing from and about Srila Prabhupada. I thank her and she will always hold a special place in my heart.
As years passed I learned to understand and follow this Vaisnava Guru who gave me initiation. His mood in service, attitude towards other Vaisnavas, and his genuine compassion are a great inspiration for me. I thank him very much for his guidance and for having placed Srila Prabhupada in the center of our relationship. All his letters give me direct quotes from Srila Prabhupada and the instruction to follow what Srila Prabhupada gives. Basically my perception is that he trained me to see Srila Prabhupada as the prominent link to the parampara. This is the greatest gift one can give, and it demands a great deal of humility and advancement to take this position.
From the time I joined the Hare Krsna movement, my ultimate point of surrender has been Srila Prabhupada. This understanding has not negated for me the importance of surrender to other Vaisnavas. For example, when I was a bhaktin, I fully submitted myself to the temple president. Simultaneously I was submissive to the spiritual authority and shelter of the senior mataji mentioned above. A person who is sincere about advancement in spiritual life will naturally seek the shelter and guidance of others who are more advanced on the path, and who can cut the bonds of material entanglement. In the one who gave me initiation I found a person whom I could trust to guide me in Krsna consciousness. Naturally I submitted to him and surrendered to his compassionate guidance. This does not conflict with my realization that Srila Prabhupada is my ultimate point of surrender, and my primary connection to the disciplic succession.
That Srila Prabhupada is my main guru and direct link to the parampara does not minimize my love and connection with the Vaisnava who performed my initiation ceremony. The advancement and glory of this Vaisnava is in no way minimized by Srila Prabhupada's preeminent position in my life.
When in contact with other "second generation devotees" who were manifesting a different experience from mine, some doubts developed. What they seemed to express through their actions or words was that the most important relationship is the one with the initiating guru. How that could be, I did not know, but I felt alienated because I did not fit in. I tried and even faked it at times, and then I would find myself performing painful mental gymnastics at guru-puja. I would be looking at Srila Prabhupada's mürti and saying "The lotus feet of our spiritual master are the only way by which we can attain pure devotional service. . . ." and my mind would be doing acrobatics, attempting to adapt the meaning of this offering to the model I was thinking I needed to follow. I would think: '"It must be that I'm not supposed to be saying the prayer directly to Srila Prabhupada. I must say it to my initiating guru. I need to bring a picture inside my head and sing to my initiating guru." But then doubts came again. "If I'm here in front of Srila Prabhupada, then am I a hypocrite, or impersonal, if I'm speaking those words of praise to someone else? It doesn't make any sense!" Certainly something was wrong with me to think like this. Either I was deceptive or I was truly, personally speaking those words to Srila Prabhupada, and acknowledging his position as my spiritual master above all spiritual masters, and as the Vaisnava who is directly giving me the most transcendental knowledge. If the Prominent Link Model is not acceptable, then I suggest that we be true to ourselves and remove guru-puja to Srila Prabhupada from the morning program.
Reading the essay Srila Prabhupada: The Prominent Link helped me to put everything in place and become faithful to my experience and to myself. It helped me understand my relationship with my Guru Maharaja and with Srila Prabhupada. Before that I had doubts and I had to constantly adjust my mind to fit into the generally accepted model. It wasn't complete or realistic to me. I remember years of mental exercises at guru-puja and maěgala-arati. Now I'm peaceful in my practice and genuinely grateful for the one special Vaisnava who performed my initiation. I deeply appreciate his dedication to helping other Vaisnavas and I on the path back to Godhead. My realization of his position in my life seems more authentic since I have read The Prominent Link.
Initiation is a process (e.g., SB3:33:6 purport; 4:12:48 purport) that begins when one contacts with the Holy Name of Krsna, given by the spiritual master directly or through his devotees. In my case Srila Prabhupada made the arrangement that I met some devotees in a remote, tiny island in the Caribbean. One continues the process by hearing through lectures, association, and reading. Naturally one gets a taste and the desire to take shelter of a bona fide spiritual master. I desired to take shelter of Srila Prabhupada and his representatives. This stage is manifest by the need to follow the instructions of the spiritual master, and I became increasingly enthusiastic to follow Srila Prabhupada's instructions. By continuing hearing and following instructions one may come to be ready to receive formal initiation. The formal initiation ceremony is an important event that is a part of the process of initiation. At the initiation ceremony the initiate commits to following vows and to adhere to the process of Krsna consciousness, and this is done in front of the Deities, Srila Prabhupada, an officiating acarya who acknowledges the vows, and the assembled Vaisnavas. Initiation is not merely a ceremony or an event, it's a process. With this understanding we can clearly see who is the spiritual master. The main spiritual master is the Vaisnava in whom we take primary and direct shelter, and for me that has always been Srila Prabhupada.
The main person from whom I receive transcendental knowledge is Srila Prabhupada. He is my ultimate point of surrender. If this is not so, then, I ask, "What am I doing at 7:20 AM, singing in front of Srila Prabhupada's mürti?" I sing "He opens my darkened eyes and fills my heart with transcendental knowledge. He is my Lord birth after birth." An essential, tangible reality for me is the knowledge that, if I again take birth, Srila Prabhupada will be available to continue to directly guide me in spiritual life. I will have the opportunity to again take shelter at his lotus feet and continue to serve him.
Please look inside, beyond your accepting and rejecting mind, beyond your social status and philosophical conditioning. Look in your heart, where you, Krsna and all knowledge reside. See if you have the knowingness of Srila Prabhupada's direct and primary presence in your life. Do you experience Srila Prabhupada as the spiritual master who is your ultimate shelter, the ultimate point to resolve your doubts and direct you on your path of Krsna consciousness? If so, then let's agree that Srila Prabhupada is the prominent link to the parampara. And let's accept that the model proposed by The Promninent Link compensates the instituted model that may even be burdening the movement.
This article appears in the second printing of Srila Prabhupada: The
Prominent Link. To discuss this article or to order a copy of Srila
Prabhupada: The Prominent Link, please write to firstname.lastname@example.com


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5 Physical Deal Breakers For Women
Men have their deal breakers and they usually go something like this: overweight, underweight, out of shape. Most men are looking for the perfect woman with the perfect face, the perfect abs, and the perfect perky breasts. My question to them is quite simply, "Have you looked in the mirror lately?"
Women can be just as particular when it comes to physical deal breakers in a prospective partner. While we may be able to deal with little love handles or a receding hairline, there are some things we just cannot look past. Here are the top five physical deal breakers for women and how to fix them:
1. Bad Breath: Bad Breath is the number one thing women find repulsive in men, and 50-65% of people suffer from it. To keep her kissing you, use a Sonicare toothbrush to clean those hard to get places between teeth and under the gums, floss daily and brush within 20 min after eating EVERY time to avoid plaque and tartar build up. Use a tongue scraper with Breath RX or toothpaste to kill bacteria. Avoid mouthwash—it contains alcohol (alcohol=sugar=bacteria breeding ground). Quit smoking. If you're doing all the above and still have problems, they could be coming from your stomach. Eat parsley before a date. The oils will neutralize bad breath. Also try taking a once-a-day acid reflux medication.
2. Greasy Skin: Excessively shiny skin can be a major turn off. No woman wants to rub her face up against an oil slick. Keep blotting papers handy to absorb oil and reduce shine or use a tissue. Use an oil-free toner after you wash your skin and exfoliate regularly. Consider monthly facials, maintain a healthy diet and drink plenty of water. If all else fails, consult your dermatologist—a little Botox might help reduce sweating.
3. Nasty Feet: Being manly doesn't mean having feet that look and smell like moldy cheese. No woman wants to play footsie with rough, calloused, cracked feet. Toenails looking gnarly, cracked and raised? The likely cuprit is toe fungus. Even if you've never had a pedicure (tragic in itself), you can still have toe fungus. The good news? A 3-month antibacterial regime can clear it up. For nails, drugstore clippers are not enough. Monthly pedicures will exfoliate and soften dry calloused skin and tame your toenails so you don't scratch her in bed. Combat smell with charcoal anti-odor shoe inserts and soften calloused heels by rubbing Aquaphor all over your feet before you put on your socks and sneakers or use before bedtime.
4. Ugly Hands: Your hands are important to a woman (in more ways than one). She does not want you snagging her silk blouse or her stockings with your rough cuticles and jagged nails. Instead of chewing your cuticles, keep a cuticle oil/cream at your desk or in your car and apply regularly to keep the skin soft. Keep nails filed short so as not to look like an Asian drug lord. Heavy lifting at the gym? Use workout gloves at to avoid callouses. Get a manicure once or twice a month and try a paraffin treatment to soften skin. Just be sure to opt out of the buffing/polish finish, unless you want to look like Tony Soprano.
5. Excess Body Hair: Women abhor excess body hair on men as much as they do on themselves. If your chest hair extends to your back, consider laser hair removal or waxing. No woman wants to be the human weedeater when she's going downtown. Every girl appreciates a little manscaping below the belt. Use an electric beard trimmer or if you're bold, wax it off for that porn star look. It will make you more sensitive and more appealing and might just result in porn star sex! According to a famous Sex and the City episode, it will also make you look bigger. Don't forget to invest in an electric nose/ear trimmer—only $14.99 at Bed Bath & Beyond. It takes one AA battery and the handle could double as a vibrator!
Beauty treatments aren't just for women anymore. Do yourself a favor and give yourself a little beauty makeover before going out on the market.


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The name's Bond…
Bond, James Bond is spotted in Barbour in the 007 film, Skyfall.
If you've seen the Bond Film Skyfall, you may have spotted Bond in Barbour!
Daniel Craig features again as Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 in Skyfall, the 23rd adventure in the longest running film franchise of all time, our Beacon Heritage Sports Jacket takes a starring role in the incredibly exciting Scotland scene. (You might also be able to spot Albert Finney wearing the Dunmoor Gilet from the Barbour Sporting collection in this scene too…)
The increasingly popular jacket, the Beacon Heritage Sports Jacket is available online and in many of our UK stores. To complete the look, add the simple yet smart Liam Slim Fit Shirt and maybe even a statement scarf such as the Tootal Spot Silk Scarf to make the outfit stand out.
If you're looking for a stockist, you can find the jacket in Barbour stores in London in Carnaby Street, Spitalfields and Covent Garden and online at the following retailers:


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Small NYC companies and entreprenuers to watch
These small NYC companies are making a big impact, thanks to the innovative entrepreneurs behind them. Read on for their success stories and advice.
Getting set up on a blind date feels very 1950s, but trying to gauge the sanity of a stranger via online profile alone may as well be rocket science—especially in NYC. Frustrated by his own experiences in the NYC dating scene, 26-year-old Michael Waxman was determined to bridge the gap between the old and new schools. "I was weirded out by networking events, dating sites and even the typical bar scene," he says. Knowing other people shared his grievances, Waxman devised Grouper (joingrouper.com), an online dating system that matches you based on preferences expressed in your Facebook profile. The algorithm he created finds you a suitor discreetly (no photos, names or info are shared ahead of time), and you both bring along two friends. Everyone on the triple date pays $20 in advance to secure their spots and cover the first round of drinks, then Grouper reps make a reservation for you at a hip locale, such as Stanton Social or Flute Gramercy.
It only took Waxman a week to build the prototype for Grouper in 2011, and by the end of that month, it had made enough money to pay his rent on his apartment, which also functioned as the company's office headquarters for 13 months. Grouper now employs 20 people and has expanded to 20 cities. Total meetups arranged—including the one where Waxman met his current girlfriend—number in the hundreds of thousands. "Learn to code," advises the entrepreneur. "Then take something that really bothers you and fix it. If you solve a real problem for yourself, then there are probably others who will appreciate your solution too. Now you have a business."
Chelsea's art scene is coming to a laptop near you, thanks to Tze Chun, 29, who brought personal curation to the digital sphere when she founded her online gallery, Uprise Art (upriseart.com), in 2011. "Most of my friends are busy young professionals who have empty walls in their apartments," she says of her inspiration. "Today, people have so many choices, and big sites like Etsy and Amazon can be overwhelming." Members, of which there are currently 600, apply by filling out a short application that covers basic vitals and a query about their artistic leanings. Once approved, they receive gratis access to limited-edition works and one-of-a-kind contemporary pieces ($300–$9,000) from 45 hand-picked artists, plus a one-on-one consultation with one of Uprise's curators.
Chun and her West Village–based staff of four consider themselves art consultants anyone can afford. "We treat every new member with the attention galleries usually reserve for seasoned collectors," she says. The best part? You can buy works in installments of as little as $50 a month, and Uprise manages everything, including the custom framing, delivery and installation. In addition to choosing pieces and growing sales, which have increased 400 percent this year, the Uprise crew engages other aesthetes on their blog and hosts studio visits and pop-up exhibitions. Chun encourages young companies to foster team harmony by rewarding employees, no matter their budget: "You may not have Ping-Pong tables and beer on tap, but you can take your brainstorming outside and work from the High Line or have a picnic at Bryant Park and stay for the summer movie. Both parks have Wi-Fi!"
When 27-year-old Kathryn Minshew began her job hunt after leaving consulting powerhouse McKinsey & Company in 2010, she found herself sorting through seemingly endless text-only lists that cataloged thousands of positions without any context. She wished there were a more relatable site that offered postings while also touching on company culture and savvy career advice. A year later, she unveiled The Daily Muse (thedailymuse.com).
The 14-employee-strong site—now known as The Muse (themuse.com)—attracts 1 million job seekers a month and has some companies willing to pay more than $60,000 a year for to have their listings featured, but the start-up's beginnings were far more humble. "In the early days, I went for over a year without a paycheck!" says cofounder and COO Alex Cavoulacos, 27. "Scrappiness has been one of our biggest assets, but we learned it while dining on ramen and stretching every single penny." Her advice to newbie techies is to launch your product ASAP: "You can spend six months on an idea you think will be the best thing since sliced bread," she says, "but until your product is in the hands of its first users, you don't really know what they want and which 'key features' are really bells and whistles you don't need yet."
Smorgasburg better watch its back. This June, Mouth.com launched with 600-plus artisanal foods made by 150 indie makers hailing from more than 20 states. Gastronomes can score such exclusives as Chef Marc Murphy's handcrafted caramels, along with monthly subscriptions ("Pickles Every Month," $140–$560) and gift packages ("Grin and Beer It," $80). The site enables users to sample gourmet foods from far-flung pockets all over the States and culinary artists to grow their business while focusing on their craft. Like most company founders, Craig Kanarick, 46, functions in multiple capacities: "You have to be willing to jump in and do anything and everything, from raising money and answering customer e-mails to emptying the garbage," he says.
Another word to the wise from Kanarick: Do your best to set aside personal time to relax and unwind, despite the temptation to work around the clock. "Start-ups often require a 24/7 mentality," he acknowledges. "You may not be 'working' in the shower, but you're probably thinking [about work], so dedicate one day a week to unplug and recharge."
Pinterest may be all the rage these days, but how many times have you clicked on a product you love only to realize you can't actually buy it? Joe Einhorn, 30, aims to end that predicament with Fancy (fancy.com), an online catalog that's entirely crowd-sourced and image-driven. The site also has a new monthly subscription service similar to Birchbox, but curated exclusively by A-listers, including Ashton Kutcher and Coco Rocha. "We operate the most chaotic shop in the world," says Einhorn, who runs a 50-person team out of a low-key Soho office. "By the end of each day, millions of people will decide what we will be selling, and then we have to source the products from all around the world and send them out all around the world. That is a big challenge." But numbers prove that Einhorn & Co. are already excelling: The site has amassed 8 million registered users and makes $100,000 a day in revenue. What's more, Bloomberg (the news site, not our outgoing mayor) recently reported that the start-up raised $53 million from American Express, actor Will Smith and others, valuing the company at around $600 million.
Despite his youth, Einhorn has been in the tech industry for 15 years. If you want to follow his lead, he suggests aligning interests with your shareholders (especially if, as in his case, they're as notable as Twitter cofounder Jack Dorsey and Facebook cofounder Chris Hughes). "That should help you navigate and prioritize all of the opportunities and challenges that come up as your company grows," he says.
We're always obsessed finding with what's new and cool, including the NYC companies that'll be the next big things in their respective niches. Whether you have a brilliant idea for a nouveau pastry hybrid (we're looking at you, cronuts) or you just want to get out of the trenches and change your career from finance, the first step in your quest to find a better job should start by reading these entrepreneurs' stories and advice.
RECOMMENDED: The coolest NYC companies to work for


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The sound of a softball hitting a mitt and the sharp metallic noise that a bat makes when it connects just right are starting to be heard again at Dawson County High School. Yes, softball season is almost here and for the Dawson County Lady Tigers games will begin soon.
With the annual preseason scrimmage this week, the Dawson County Tiger football team prepared with an inter-squad scrimmage game Saturday.
Football is back. Despite the hot and humid days of July and August, head coach Jeff Lee and his 70-plus football players began practice at midnight Monday.
The excitement was in the air as the Tigers football coaches ran the players through conditioning and drills early Monday morning.
Summer break is coming to a close for Dawson County High School students, but the school's cross country program has yet to take a break. Both the boys and girls teams have used the summer months to prepare for the upcoming season beginning this month.
Runners have trained at least two days a week to prepare themselves for the 3.1 miles they must run in each meet.
The Dawson County High School Lady Tigers softball team will hold tryouts from 9 a.m. until noon Aug. 1.
Tryouts will be held for all girls interested in playing either junior varsity or varsity softball at the school.
The Dawson County High School varsity boys and girls basketball teams will play a game at Philips Arena during the upcoming season.
Both teams will play Towns County before the Hawks game at a date to be determined once the National Basketball Association schedule is released in August.
As July heats up so does preparation for the upcoming 2011 Dawson County High School football season.
The Tigers started training last week after a week off during the GHSA state imposed "dead week."
All sports activities came to a standstill last week.
There was no bouncing of balls in the gym, no weight lifting, no 3-mile runs, no conditioning of any kind, as the Georgia High School Association's "dead week" was honored by schools throughout the state.
Practices for the Dawson County High School cross country teams recently resumed following the Fourth of July break.
Head Coach Brian DeRose is busy preparing his team for the upcoming season.
A busy summer of basketball came to an end last week when the Dawson County High School Tigers finished playing in a Fellowship of Christian Athletes team camp at Fellowship Christian High School in Roswell.
A very tired Thad Burgess, head boys basketball coach, was pleased with the effort and hard work his team put in this summer.
The Dawson County High School Cross Country Team is busy conditioning for the upcoming season.
The team has been practicing since June 14 at Tiger Stadium. Practices usually begin around 6:30 p.m.
Dawson County High School Head Basketball Coach Thad Burgess' boys' basketball team just completed a camp at Birmingham-Southern College in Alabama.
The Tigers came away with an impressive 6-1 record at the camp.
Two Dawson County High School baseball players were named honorable mention All-Area by the Gainesville Times last week. Seniors Jacob Anglin and Kaleb Holbrook were named to the team that is loaded with college-bound seniors.
Joining Anglin, at second base, on the team are Whit Bowen of North Hall, Drew Carson of Jefferson and Jonathan Woodring of East Hall.
The Dawson County High School Lady Tiger basketball team participated in a camp for the second week in a row at Pickens County High School in Jasper last Monday through Wednesday.
Head Coach Steve Sweat and his team played a very competitive schedule against some of the top teams in the state.
Head Coach Jeff Lee has been pleased with the turnout for summer football conditioning so far this summer.
Lee said that more than 70 players have shown up during the first two weeks of the conditioning program.
Page 54 of 84
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Giovanni Elsner
Street War
After being dismissed for use of excessive force, former cop Murri (Maurizio Merli) soon finds himself back on the job as the only man who can stop a brutal crime spree. When a mob boss escapes from prison and re-forms his gang, Murri is called on to organize a crackerjack team to put an end to the gang's reign of terror. Fueled by vengeance, Murri stops at nothing to finish off the boss once and for all. Cyril Cusack and James Mason also star.


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Melungeon-L ArchivesArchiver > Melungeon > 2000-08 > 0965823469
Subject: Re: [Melungeon] Tuckahoe Indians
Date: Wed, 9 Aug 2000 08:17:49 EDT
Dear Two Waters,
Yes, thank you very much! I would like some help. You kind of surprised me
when you said "Algonquian". Although I was born in the Appalachian
Mountains, (Virginia/Kentucky border line), I grew up in the north (New York)
and if my
memory serves me correct, the names I remember from history classes
covering New York State, were Iroquois (sp?), Mohawks and Algonquian.
Of course, I'm getting on in age, and may be wrong. If I am correct, the
Algonquian must have been a very large tribe?
My Mary "Cole" (her last name in dispute was born about 1760 in Yancey
County, NC. Many from this line of David Cox and Mary Cole say she was Native
and some say she was Cherokee. However, the post on one of the forums, that
I had put the most store by (because they talk of having a family bible, and
oral tradition) says " Mary told her children that she was of the Tuckahoe
of the Cherokee Indian Nation. Tradition has it that she was Tuskeege" I
a search on Tuskeege, just I did on Tuckahoe, and absolutely nothing! Now,
reading your post I am beginning to wonder if I have any chance of
discovering the
truth.... or even the most likely possibility.
I started doing this family research because it is so interesting, and a lot
fun. But it has become more than that now. I would like to be able to leave
this history for my children and grandchildren. I don''t have much in the way
of wealth to leave them, but I would like to leave them this family history;
and hopefully one of them will continue project (adding information, and I;m
sure correcting some of mine :-)
Again, thanks.
> Dear Anne and List,
> The reference to being a 'Tuckahoe Indian' is
> an old Native American inside joke. Sort of an
> inside the family insult.
> There is no tribe called Tuckahoe, it refers to all Algonquian speakers
> of the Blue Ridge Mountians.
> The Algonquians in the West ate different foods than the ones in the East.
> The ones in the West considered the ones in the East rather backward and
> a little bit stupid. The word 'ptuckweoo' in Western dialects means 'it is
> round', ie bread. When you refered to an
> Eastern Algonquian speaker and said he is ptuckweoo, your are refering to
> him as an eater of something round, ie mushrooms,fungus, mushrooms grow in
> poop, etc.etc.
> When White people asked an individual "what tribe is that person over
> , if the person being asked didn't care much for the other person, she's '
> ptuckweoo', White guy hears 'Tuckahoe'.
> 150 years later it's still a pretty good joke.
> If you need to find the true tribe of your ancestor, find out which
> Algonquian speaking tribe was in the immediate area at the time or
> post the area to the list and I'll help you out.
> Regards,
> Two waters
This thread:


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Docket Management
Docket: 02N-0209 - Request for Comment on First Amendment Issues
Comment Number: EC -36
Accepted - Volume 1
Comment Record
Dr. James Zeller
2002-05-28 23:17:09
Dr. James Zeller
Comments for FDA General
1. Are there arguments for regulating speech about drugs more comprehensively than, for example, about dietary supplements? What must an administrative record contain to sustain such a position? In particular, could FDA sustain a position that certain promotional speech about drugs is inherently misleading, unless it complies with FDA requirements? Does anything turn on whether the speech is made to learned intermediaries or to consumers? What is the evidentiary basis of such a distinction?
It should be obvious that drugs created by chemical reactions are inherently more complex in their reactions in our bodies and thereby more dangerous. Some investigation into claims made is therefore justified. But even here the government needs to exercise caution so as to continuously build on its reputation as the defender of truth and right. When it comes to supplements it is difficult to see the government's basis for involvement. Agressive action by the government will only result in the citizen viewing the government as the propagator of corporate interests. The government should act only when the evidence for its acts are CLEAR AND PERSUASIVE.
2. Is FDA's current position regarding direct-to-consumer and other advertisements consistent with empirical research on the effects of those advertisements, as well as with relevant legal authority? What are the positive and negative effects, if any, of industry's promotion of prescription drugs, biologics, and/or devices? Does the current regulatory approach and its implementation by industry lead to over-prescription of drugs? Do they increase physician visits or patient compliance with medication regimes? Do they cause patient visits that lead to treatment for under-diagnosed diseases? Does FDA's current approach and its implementation by industry lead to adequate treatment for under-diagnosed diseases? Do they lead to adequate patient understanding of the potential risks associated with use of drugs? Does FDA's current approach and its implementation by industry create any impediments to the ability of doctors to give optimal medical advice or prescribe optimal treatment?
The whole series of questions above flow from the presumption that government should involve itself into the private lives of its citizens. The government's role is to PROTECT its citizens of CLEAR AND EVIDENT DANGERS. This is in line with fire and police functions. Doing more than that will only result in the government's language becoming just another voice. When the policeman yells STOP it should be clear to every person that they must STOP!!!! Leave all other language to other aspects of society. Government must RESTRICT ITSELF lest its communication becomes viewed as just another opinion.
3. May FDA distinguish claims concerning conventional foods from those relating to dietary supplements, taking into account limits on claims that can be made about foods in the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, 21 U.S.C. 301, 321, 337, 343, 371? What must an administrative record contain to sustain or deny claims on food labels? How can information best be presented in a succinct but non-misleading fashion? To what extent do assertions in claims need qualifications or disclaimers added to the label to avoid any misconceptions that consumers may draw? Is there a basis to believe that consumers approach claims about conventional foods and dietary supplements differently?
Get out of the business of general judgement. Get involved only when there is clear and evident DANGER TO THE CITIZEN. Grant to the states the powers claimed by the FDA. With time the states that do the best job will be emulated. The federal government is taking on too many responsibilities. With responsibility should come liability and the law is presently written so that a citizen can't sue. Be involved only when there is a CLEAR AND EVIDENT DANGER TO THE CITIZEN, and not one iota more!!
4. Should disclaimers be required to be in the same (or smaller or larger) size of type and given equal prominence with claims? Is there any relevant authority or social science research on this issue?
When the danger is evident the type should be large and unmistakable, but be sure that there is danger.
5. How can warnings be made most effective in preventing harm while minimizing the chances of consumer confusion or inattention? Is there any evidence as to which types of warnings consumers follow or disregard?
You create confusion and inattention when there is too much detail. Note the number of details a driver can absorb while driving. Adding too many words, words, words will only cause the citizen to regard the government as a busybody........
6. What arguments or social science evidence, if any, can be used to support distinguishing between claims made in advertisements and those made on labels? Does the First Amendment and the relevant social science evidence afford the Government greater latitude over labels?
Getting involved in detail, detail, detail again!! Leave these powers to the states as the constitution directs.
7. Would permitting speech by manufacturer, distributor, and marketer about off-label uses undermine the act's requirement that new uses must be approved by the FDA? If so, how? If not, why not? What is the extent of FDA's ability to regulate speech concerning off-label uses?
Stay out of the business of regulation. Act only when you have PROOF OF DANGER!!!
8. Do FDA's speech-related regulations advance the public health concerns they are designed to address? Are there other alternative approaches that FDA could pursue to accomplish those objectives with fewer restrictions on speech?
The FDA like much of the Washington establishment is developing the reputation of big brother. In the end all of its good intentions will find disassociation.
9. Are there any regulations, guidance, policies, and practices FDA should change, in light of governing First Amendment authority?
All policies should be restructured so as to find persons who CLEARLY AND EVIDENTLY have harmed others. Such persons have yelled FIRE in a crowded theater. Now ACT and not before.....