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When I first used Microsoft Office Professional 2007 I had noticed several changes which were to do with both the user interface and the performance of the programs that are part of the suite.
The user interface has been improved and modernised on all the programs and look rather similar to what Windows Vista and Windows 7 looks like. It takes a little while getting used to at first but when you've found everything, it's really easy and nice to use. It makes a change from the old 'File, Edit, etc.'
Performance wise the programs have been renovated and have had the security updated, as well as the addition of different features. The programs now run nicer and faster, which makes it more of a joy to use than it used to be.
Some of the programs that are part of the suite I had never used before, for example; Microsoft Groove, which is like a workspace where you store information, and you can retain this information on a different PC, as long as the two PC's are part of the same Groove network. It's quite a nice addition, as it's really useful if you don't have any flash media at hand.
Microsoft have also added some new fonts, which is a bonus as some of them are really nice and make writing on Microsoft Word a joy.
Overall, I believe this is the best Office to date, and Microsoft are definitely going the right way in business. I would recommend anyone who is still using older versions of Office to upgrade now, as it is well worth the extra money. Good work Microsoft.
5/5 here.
The chances are that anyone using a Windows based PC has come across a version of Microsoft Office over the years. I remember installing Office 4.3 back in the 90's from 32 floppy disks. Then came Office 95 which was launched to coincide with Windows 95. This version was fairly buggy in my opinion and was quickly followed by Office 97 which was possibly the most popular version of the office suite to date. Microsoft continued to release a new version every 2 to 3 years with the arrival of Office 2000 and then Office XP in 2002. The next version, Office 2003 was released almost immediately after. This seemed a strange decision as Office XP seemed to behave perfectly well to me. There then followed a four year gap to Office 2007 which is currently the latest version of the suite. This version saw the most radical changes since the transition from Office 4.3 to Office 95. We will go into the details shortly.
Working for an educational establishment, I was able to pick up an original version of this software for the great price of £15 under our campus agreement. If you are not a student or a member of staff at a college or university, you will be paying around the £100 mark for this software.
The software comes on two DVD disks, the first one is the Microsoft Office2007 software itself, the other is Office Communicator 2007 which I have not installed and will not be discussed in this review.
To install the software, insert the main Office disk into your DVD drive and let it start up automatically. At the beginning of the installation, you will need to provide the 25 digit serial number to confirm that you are using a legitimate copy of the software. After you have done this, sit back for around 10 minutes depending on the speed of your machine and let the computer do the rest.
Once the installation has finished, you will need to activate the software with the Microsoft online servers within the first 60 days of use to complete the registration. Failure to do this will mean that you can now only view documents and will be unable to create new ones.
==The Office Suite==
Microsoft Office 2007 is a collection of programs (this is the correct spelling for a computer program) which serve to aid users in their day to day business operation. Many of these programs will be familiar to frequent computer users but some of the lesser known programs will still be a mystery to a lot of users. I am not intending to write a full review on each program as this review would be unbearably long and boring. It is intended to give an insight into all of the programs that make up the suite.
Microsoft Word has now been the industry standard word processor for over a decade, since the demise of WordPerfect in the mid 90's Word has been left pretty much unchallenged for this crown.
If you have used any of the previous versions of Word then you are in for a real surprise with the 2007 offering. This now looks completely different to its predecessors, buttons have now moved from their normal positions in the tool bar and instead are on panels supposedly grouped together with other items of similar functionality. For example, if you want to spell check your document, the ABC icon is no longer visible on the main screen and it is not really obvious where you will find it. After a few seconds of rummaging around the menus, you'll eventually find it under the review heading.
All these visual changes in my opinion are unnecessary and only serve to confuse the user. As someone who still uses Office 2003 at work, it is a nightmare trying to find something that is easy to do in 2003. In fact, I have been using Word 2007 at home now for 18 months and still cannot get used to it. I can type a standard document but a lot of the more advanced features are beyond me.
What I do like about Word 2007 is that you can now save your document as a PDF file without the need for a dedicated PDF writer installed on your PC. This is great for emailing documents that you do not want people to have the ability to change.
It is worth noticing that the standard file extension for Word 2007 is now docx as opposed to doc. This means that any file with a docx extension will not open in a previous version of Word. If you need to do this (and you will if you are circulating a document to multiple recipients) you will need to force Word to save the file as a Word 97-2003 .doc file.
Excel 2007 is a spreadsheet application which allows the analysis and manipulation of numerical data. As with Word, the interface for Excel has had a drastic rework from the earlier versions. Strangely though, in my opinion, this change has made Excel easier to use as now, things like graphs and pictorial representation of the data has its own enhanced section and some of the things you can now do look just as professional as a proper reports package such as Crystal. There is now more emphasis on third party data with connections to other systems like Microsoft Access and Microsoft SQL Server meaning you can seamlessly interact with data from these heavy duty database applications. If number crunching is your thing then you can't fail to be impressed with Excel 2007, it really is a massive step forward from anything that we have seen before.
As with Word, Excel now uses a new file format, namely xlsx. To produce spreadsheets in a format readable by Excel 97-2003 you will need to manually select this format when saving the document.
Now, as someone who has developed software over the years, I've often found myself using Microsoft Access a lot. Access has always been the one Office application that has had problems being backward compatible with previous versions. Whereas Word and Excel would quite happily open in older versions, you have to implicitly tell access which version you want your database to be compatible with. This can lead to all kinds of problems when you want to share the database with other users who all have different versions of Access.
The Access interface has stayed pretty consistent for the past 15 years but Access 2007 presents the user with perhaps the biggest change in the entire office suite this time around.
Key operations such as table, query, form, report and module design are no longer the main focus of the interface. In my opinion this is a bizarre decision from Microsoft as without using these operations, there is no database, end of story. In their wisdom, Microsoft has decided to hide this content under the Create menu. When you finally get to this menu, things start to look familiar again and anyone familiar with Access should now be able to start work in earnest.
The main enhancement in Access 2007 is its close links with Microsoft SQL server. In previous versions, it was possible to make this link via something called an ODBC link. Access 2007 now makes it easier to connect to third party databases.
There is undoubtedly a steep learning curve to using Access, loosely speaking it's a form of programming at a very high level and this fact puts a lot of people off using it. As Access is very particular about versioning, I have also installed Access 2003 on my PC so that I cover all bases. This is the only Office program where I have had the need to install two different versions.
PowerPoint is one of my pet hates. I have lost count of the number of times that I have had to sit through slide after slide of constant drivel. In my opinion, PowerPoint is responsible for allowing presenters up and down the country to produce the same unoriginal presentations, if you've sat through one PowerPoint presentation, you've sat through them all!!. PowerPoint 2007 is actually very similar in layout to PowerPoint 2003. The menu items along the top are much more obvious than those in Word and because of this, the navigation is simple. As a limited user of PowerPoint, the only real noticeable difference from earlier versions is the inclusion of SmartArt. SmartArt basically allows you to group images together on a slide. This could actually be accomplished by creating the images individually but SmartArt does seem to do this in a much more efficient way.
To summarise, PowerPoint 2007 seems to have very few changes in it since PowerPoint 2003. If your main reason for upgrading to this version of Office is for PowerPoint then I would advise you not to bother as you will not be getting anything extra that you cannot already do.
If you have a business email client on your office PC, the chances are that it will be Outlook (not to be confused with Outlook Express that used to get installed with Internet Explorer prior to Windows Vista). Outlook is an excellent piece of software for organising your appointments and task list as well as being the home for your email. As with PowerPoint, the 2007 version of Outlook offers very little in terms of enhancements from previous versions. I don't really see this as a bad point though as I don't think it actually needs enhancing. I find that Outlook gives me everything I need from an organiser/email client.
When you create appointments with Outlook, you are able to set reminders that will pop up a set time before the event, you then get the chance to dismiss this reminder so that it will never appear again or you can snooze it for a user defined duration. If you have a busy lifestyle this really is a godsend as it almost seamlessly manages your schedule and warns you if you double book. If you use Outlook in a business environment, you can even share calendars with your colleagues but as this requires Microsoft Exchange Server, it is not really a function the home user can make use of. If you use a web based mail provider such as hotmail or googlemail, you can still make use of Outlook although I would say that web based mail is best left on the web where you can retrieve it from anywhere. Once mail is downloaded into Outlook, then it is only available on that one computer.
Microsoft Groove 2007 is a new product in the Office suite. It is mainly aimed at business users who share a specific job role. With Groove you can share files, hold discussions and/or meetings in the form of a chat room style scenario. As I only use Office 2007 at home, I have never had any use for this software although, I can see its use and it would be a very valuable tool for our department which is based over several sites.
Infopath is an electronic form designer. These forms can then be published either in infopath itself or via a web browser. This is a very powerful tool for capturing any data an organisation deems necessary. Data is captured in the industry standard XML format meaning that it can be analysed in almost any data driven application on the market today. Of course, Microsoft really want you to do this analysis in either Excel or Access so there are automatic integration options with these programs. I have dabbled with Infopath for a short time and whilst it is a very good way of capturing data for the everyday user, as an IT professional I prefer to write my own systems for performing this task as it gives me more control and scope to do exactly what I need.
I have always seen Microsoft Publisher as a nice application for the home user. If you want to make invites for a party, thank you cards for Granny or a calendar filled with your kids photos, you won't find a better application than this. There are however, a million and one other things you can do with publisher if you have the time and patience to sit and play around with it such as actually producing a professional looking flyer or newspaper.
Publisher 2007 actually feels completely different to the rest of the office suite. Just as you have got used to the new menu structure and the zones, Publisher goes back to the traditional menu approach which leaves you asking the question 'What exactly has changed from the previous version'. This is a very valid question as I am still struggling to spot any differences. Even the file extensions still appear to be compatible with previous versions, again leaving me to question whether this is actually Publisher 2003, just with a new name. Saying that however, this is still a fun package to use and one that I always have a mess around with at Christmas time for example, just to see if I can come up with the perfect Christmas card although I always fail miserably due to my lack of creativity rather than any problem with the software.
Obviously at over £100 not everyone is going to want to pay for Microsoft Office, so what are the alternatives? Well you will be pleased to know that there is a very good competitor on the market called Open Office by Sun Microsystems (http://www.openoffice.org/). Open Office is a free alternative and contains most of the applications that Microsoft Office does (Word Processor, Spreadsheet, Database, Presentations and Graphics), it is also Microsoft Office compatible which means that if someone sends you a document created in Microsoft Office, then it will open perfectly in Open Office. With over 100,000,000 downloads worldwide, Open Office is probably more popular than the Microsoft version and with the current cutbacks that companies are making, a lot of them are now turning to Open Office as there corporate software suite.
There is no denying the quality of Microsoft Office 2007 but is it worth buying. The simple answer is yes, the more in-depth answer will depend on your own personal taste and requirements. Office 2007 represents a massive change from anything that you have seen before in the Office family and this change may not be everyone's cup of tea. Some users will like it due to its intuitive grouping of functions whereas others will hate it as things have moved off the main toolbar and they are not always easy to find. The new document extensions will also catch a lot of people out. I have received so many emails with docx files attached but because we do not use Word 2007 at work I cannot open them. In my opinion, Microsoft have tried to be too clever with this change and it is going to annoy a lot of people now they have to keep remembering to change file formats.
There is a lot of software in this version that I will hardly use, if at all. For the home user, Microsoft Office 2007 Standard Edition will be a better choice, this contains all of the core applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook) but doesn't include the more specialised ones. Obviously, if you can get this software as part of a student or faculty agreement like I did then it becomes an absolute bargain.
Microsoft Office is the latest upgrade of Microsoft's hugely popular Office Suite. It contains Word 2007, Excel 2007, Powerpoint 2007 and Access 2007 programs. Microsoft has really delivered in the upgrade of Office from 2003 to 2007. The whole office suite now has a clean, contemporary feel to it and the programs within the suite have really progressed. One of the major changes has been the interface, which at first may seem rather confusing and difficult to use. However, persevere for a few minutes and you will quickly find that all the features have been placed in intuitive little sections which can be accessed much quicker than you would normally by having to trawl through endless menu items. Microsoft also look like they have overcome so of the annoying bugs that were associated with 2003. For example the drawing tools in Word are very easy to use and actually do as you ask!
WOW what a product. I have been using Office 2007 since March 2008 and at first I disliked the ribbon. The new package completely threw me out of my comfort zone. I was used to navigating the menus in Microsoft Office 2003 and did not much like having to re-learn over 5 years of using Office products.
After a month though, once I explored the possibilities, I loved the interface. The new ribbon makes things alot easier to find and the big pictures say it all.
The most used of all of the programs is Word and Microsoft really have come up trumps in terms of designing a word processing package that not only word processes by desktop publishes as well. The mass of aesthetic features to improve your documents making it look professional but not taking you ages to do. You can add headings, funky title pages and more plus the themes create specific colour and fonts together to create a project for school or a report for work in the same format everywhere.
The second most used is Outlook, I've always wanted Outlook to organise my emails and now I've got it I kind of take it for granted. Unlike Word, Outlook has the same interface as that of previous versions. The Outlook connector add-in allowing connection to Windows Live provides the ideal way of keeping up with my personal emails plus if I want to receive emails from work (as if I'd want to) I can utilising Microsoft Exchange. Outlook also effortlessly organises your contacts, meetings and appointments which can be synced to your phone or mobile device.
I can't tell you about every product featured in this suit as it would take forever and I do not use them as often.
Overall the most popular Office package got a whole new facelift and if you want to maximise your business potential or get that school project looking top notch Office 2007 is for you.
Many companies have launched their Application softwares which are used to help in various applications in offices as well as organizations.These applications help in making the work easier and completing tasks easier and faster.One of the most used and successful application software is Microsoft Office developed my Microsoft Co.This is an application software which is widely used in offices and other places.
Microsoft has launched many versions of this application software till date with Windows office 2003 being the most successful one and the most used one till date.
The newest one on the block is the Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate.It has many features which were not available in the previous versions.With user interface being the USP of the product as it provides a better user interface than the previous versions.
Some of the features that are new in this version are -
Office Button - A round in shape office button has been provided which has eased of the usage time as not there is no need to use a toolbar and find options to open,new and print.It has provided us with a
rather easier and a better looking button than the previous one.
Ribbon - Ribbon is nothing what is conveyed from the word " Ribbon".Ribbon here is the bas that opens below the button when you click on button like home,design etc.Here you get all the options related to the choice.
Live Preview - I think this is one is the best feature provided in windows vista.This helps you to see the preview of the option using without even clicking on the option.This helps while changing fonts,colors etc.You can see the change on the text without even clicking on the option.
Quick Access Toolbar - A mini toolbar with option like save,open,new has also been provided to users who are accustomed to the previous versions
Mini Toolbar - This toolbar gets displayed automatically when you put the cursor on the text.Firstly its a little bit transparent but becomes visible after you put the cursor there for some seconds.
This version also has the features that were there in the previous version like-
Microsoft Office Word - It is the word processing application which help you in editing and formatting of texts.
Microsoft Office Outlook - this features helps in forming mails and other documents which are required to be sent via net.
Microsoft Office Excel - this helps in forming spread sheets and other tables which are required in offices and organizations.
Microsoft Office Power Point - this is one of the most important applications of the Microsoft Office as it helps in forming presentations which are required in every field while giving some lecture to students,during counseling or while promoting your product in front of as audience.
Microsoft Office Access - this helps you to form records in tabular form through which you can maintain large chunks of data.This is mainly used in Schools,libraries,organizations to maintain records of employees,students etc
Some other applications are
Microsoft Office One Note
Microsoft Office Publisher
Microsoft Office Info Path
Microsoft Office Visio
Microsoft Office Project
Microsoft Office Share Point Designer
==My own experience -==
I am a student so using Microsoft Office is a common thing to me.I have to is to form projects,presentations and spread sheets.It compulsory for us to understand the minutest of things available in this.Before its launch I was using Microsoft Office 2003 and was accustomed to all its options and usage requirements.I used to use the software very easily but then one day I Heard about Microsoft Office 2007 being launched.Then I had it installed on my laptop.Initially I had a little problem finding options.It took me helluva time to find the option required by me.It took me time because Microsoft Office 2007 is a drastically changed than the previous product.Due to those drastic changes it was little difficult for me to find the option.
SO I just decided to give extra time to understand its features.That thing paid off and now I can easily use it.The best features I liked about it are -
Office Button
Mini Toolbar
Live Preview.
The live preview option is the best thing that has ever happened to any Application software according to me.
So I will just advice you to have it installed on your laptop and I guarantee that you will have awesome time working with it.
'''Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate'''
Microsoft Office Word:
When I got Microsoft Office 2007, firstly I opened Microsoft Word, and checked out changes. Biggest change was surely design. Toolbar is totally changed. Maybe toolbar outlook is better than older versions have, but if you are accustomized with older version, then using this version might be really hard work. Every toolbar is actually sorted and if you click on that, then instead of some stripe, what runs down, arise wide board and on that you can see all options what you can use.
Anyway, design and toolbar formatting is essential change, and I haven't find any other changes. It's very useful to write your essays and story's in Microsoft Word, because there is also Spell Checker, and there are a lot of languages to choose from. Also you can translate your article to other language. Changing page layout and paragraph settings is really easy. Also there are some Add-Ins; Open In Contribute, Publish to Website and Post To Blog. I have used Post To Blog once, and It's really easy to use it. If you write article for your webpage, you can also check out as it would look as a Webpage. In summary, Microsoft Word 2007 is really useful, and Microsoft have done many changes.
Microsoft Powerpoint:
Microsoft Powerpoint is biggest dissapointment for me. Outlook is absolutly same as Microsoft Office as, but using Microsoft Powerpoint is really inconvenient, and creates a lot of difficultys. But also there are many advantages; there are many new layouts, what you can use, while you design your slideshow. As Microsoft Office, also Powerpoint has Spell Checker. Almost everything is really nice, but I don't understand why It's so hard to find various options, I really don't like it.
Last year, in school, I had to complete my Powerpoint Slideshow. It was really easy to do it in the school, but at home it was really hard, and I just didn't find options, what I needed to use. It took almost 5 hours, before I completed that. Fortunately, I completed it, but after in the school came up new problem. In my school, there was Powerpoint 2003, and It didn't read my layout, so my powerpoint was without layout, It has single white backround.
Microsoft Outlook:
Microsoft Outlook is really important and useful in my opinion. Also Microsoft Outlook have changed, but It's not so hard as Microsoft Powerpoint has. So It's much easier to check out your E-Mails, so you don't have to go to internet all the time. You just have to open Micrsoft Outlook and you see all your E-Mails what you have got. Also It has calender, where you can mark all events, what you need to mark. Also if you have marked some event, then always Microsoft Outlook remind you if It's not done yet.
Also It's much more secure, than example Hotmail or yahoo e-mail. It defends you for junk e-mails and you don't have to spend so much time to delete these mails. In my opinion, Microsoft Outlook is really useful to everyone.
Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate is really useful to everyone, there are many different and useful files, like Microsoft Word, Microsoft Powerpoint and Microsoft Outlook. Also there are other files Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Publisher, but I haven't use them yet. If we compare Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate with Microsoft Office 2003, then biggest change is outlook and design. Also there are many advantages, but biggest disadvantage is finding different options in my opinion. In conclusion, Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate is really useful, and everyone should buy it, regardless of high price.
After recently adding Ms Office Proffesional 2007 to my computer, as with all upgrades i am not sure, what the point way!
Yer its got some little extra, but noting what is worth over £300. I have to confess i do only use Outlook Express, Microsoft work and excel- and rarely publisher.
I personally noe find some things more tricky to so as the menus are not as they were previosuly./
Such as the File button no long exists and is replaced by a round MS Logo, which infact is exactly as the File button was.
Asl there are some new bits on the tool bar in the Word programme.
Outlook Express, seems much the same as before- i dont think i have found any extra things at the moment.
Overal i think i would havesaved the extra cash and stuck with the previous MS office.
But i guess if you want all the extras- this is a good programme
Office 2007 is a great package for all your word processing, spreadsheets, databases etc, but does cost a fair amount to purchase.
Lucky I brought this through an education provider at a discounted rate or it would have set me back a small fortune. I have been using this for all my study as I don't have the 2003 due to the disc breaking, therefore I have had to learn how to use the package but Google is your friend and very useful for finding the different functions within the package.
I'm still trying to make the transition from Office 2003 though as 2007 is slightly complicated to understand as they have not kept to the standard menus and now you have all sorts of things all over the place and much emphasis is placed on the ribbon up the top which is an array of tabs an options in place of the standard menus in Office 2003, so if you don't have the time to learn this just yet then I wouldn't recommend upgrading as you could get pretty confused.
Just simple things like finding options are very difficult which really annoys me in all honesty. But overall the package is very clean and sleek and works like a charm, plus there is less bugs than there was in Office 2003.
Microsoft Office Pro 2007 features Word, Excel, Access, Outlook, PowerPoint and Publisher. If like me you are a student get this software on an academic license and you can save hundreds of pounds. Otherwise this will set you back approximately £300.
My reason for buying Microsoft Office was simple its industry standard, and has been for a long time, and I really don't think that will ever change. This software has all the same features of Office 2003, so it is probably simply not worth taking the plunge with this unless you are buying a new computer. But, there are things about this piece of software that hugely annoy me....
Firstly as a default it save files in a special Office 2007 format, and therefore this means when sending files to other people they need to have Office 2007 to actually be able to open it. This is hugely surprising, and considering my coursework submissions are electronic a huge problem if your assessor doesn't have Office 2007.
Secondly, Microsoft seem to think a toolbar is simply too difficult for people to use, so instead have introduced this huge version of a toolbar which places tools in ridiculous places meaning the software is basically unusable until you learn where everything is! I have spent half an hour before looking just to put something into subscript.
All in all, it's not an improvement, in fact I'd say it is worse than Office 2003 because of the issues! And considering OpenOffice is free, and this is £300, given the decision I know which I'd buy.... stay well clear.
Overall, Microsoft Office 07 pro is a very good package, supplying a significant number of updates since the old Office 03. Firstly there is the new ribbon style, and Microsoft globe in the corner, in replacement of the original file menu system. From this you are provided with the same tools as before, except in a much more manageable way... On first using office 07, I constantly found myself to be looking for what I wanted to do (such as change inserting a table for example), but then over time you start to get used to the new working, realising that everything is where you would expect, and so making everything much easier to work with, whilst also giving your screen much more 'eye candy'. The only problem the ribbon provides is the amount of screen space it uses, although this has never really been a problem since I have quite a high resolution screen.
The windows globe in the corner also provides access to the save, save as, new, open, print ... Basically all the options from the old file menu. One problem I have read about Office 07 is its incompatibility with previous versions of office, due to the new file extension used for saving files (such as .docx in word). However, all my old Office 03 files open perfectly fine in Office 07, and also when saving files, you have the option to save the file as the old Office 03 file extension anyway, and so has never been a problem; Even if, by mistake, you save the file as the new extension, there are tools to convert it into the old format.
I have found the biggest change in Office 07 been made to Access, which uses a very different UI (user-interface) to previous versions. I haven't, however, tried to use Access yet, as I use alternate Database solution software.
I own Microsoft Office Pro 2007 which includes the following:
Access 07
Accounting Express 07
Excel 07
Outlook Express 07
PowerPoint 07
Publisher 07
Word 07
This version costs around £400 from various retailers such as Amazon, PC World, Play...
Other versions include Office Standard, Home and Student, Mobile, Small Business, Pro Plus, Enterprise, and Ultimate. Each different version contains different utilities, and range in prices. To view what each version includes go to the following website:
office.microsoft.com /en-us/products/FX100 487411033.aspx?pid=CL10 0571081033
Overall I would definitely recommend Office 07 to any type of computer user, although obviously only if you have the money to spare. Previous versions of Office work as effectively, but without the eye candy and the extra tools which make creating your spreadsheets and documents much more quickly.


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* This is the Consumer Version. *
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
- Digestive Disorders in Children
- Introduction to Digestive Disorders in Children
- Gastroenteritis in Children
- Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
- Peptic Ulcer in Children
- Hernia in Children
- Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
- Intussusception
- Appendicitis in Children
- Meckel Diverticulum
Gastroesophageal reflux is the backward movement of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus and sometimes into the mouth (see Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)).
Reflux may be caused by the infant's position during feeding; overfeeding; exposure to caffeine, nicotine, and cigarette smoke; a food intolerance or allergy; or an abnormality of the digestive tract.
Infants may vomit, spit up excessively, have feeding or breathing problems, and also appear irritable.
Tests that help doctors diagnose the disorder include a barium study, an esophageal pH probe, a gastric emptying scan, and endoscopy.
Treatment options include thickened or hypoallergenic formula for feedings, special positioning, frequent burping, histamine-2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and, in certain cases, metoclopramide and surgery.
Nearly all infants have episodes of gastroesophageal reflux, which are characterized by wet burps, burping up, or spitting up. Wet burps typically occur shortly after eating and are considered normal. Gastroesophageal reflux becomes known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it
Healthy infants have reflux for many reasons. The circular band of muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach (the lower esophageal sphincter) normally keeps stomach contents from entering the esophagus. In infants, this muscle may be underdeveloped, or it may relax at inappropriate times, allowing stomach contents to move backward (reflux) into the esophagus. Being held flat during feeding or lying down after feeding promotes reflux because gravity is no longer able to help keep material in the stomach from flowing back up the esophagus. Overfeeding and drinking carbonated beverages predispose to reflux by increasing pressure in the stomach. Cigarette smoke (as secondhand smoke) and caffeine (in beverages or breast milk) relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing reflux to occur more readily. Caffeine and nicotine (in breast milk) also stimulate acid production so any reflux that does occur is more acidic. A food allergy or intolerance also can contribute to reflux, but this is a less common cause.
Anatomic abnormalities, such as narrowing of the esophagus, partial blocking of the stomach (pyloric stenosis), or abnormal positioning of the intestines (malrotation), can initially mimic reflux. However, these abnormalities are more serious and can progress to vomiting and other symptoms of obstruction, such as abdominal pain, listlessness, and dehydration.
The most obvious symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in infants are vomiting and excessive spitting up. Reflux typically worsens in the first several months of life, peaks around 6 to 7 months of age, and then gradually lessens. Nearly all infants with reflux outgrow it by about 18 months of age.
In some infants, reflux causes complications and becomes known as GERD. Such complications include irritability due to stomach discomfort, feeding problems that can result in poor growth, and "spells" of twisting and posturing that may be confused with seizures. Less commonly, small amounts of acid from the stomach may enter the windpipe (aspiration). Acid in the windpipe and breathing passages may result in coughing, wheezing, stopping breathing (apnea), or pneumonia. Many children with asthma also have reflux. Ear pain, hoarseness, hiccups, and sinusitis also can occur as a result of GERD. If the esophagus is significantly irritated (esophagitis), there may be some bleeding, resulting in iron deficiency anemia. In others, esophagitis can cause scar tissue, which can narrow the esophagus (stricture). Heartburn, a common symptom among adolescents and adults with GERD, is more commonly expressed as chest pain or abdominal pain among young children.
Tests are often not needed to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux in infants who simply have mild symptoms such as frequent spit-ups. However, if symptoms are more complicated, various tests can be performed.
A barium study (see X-Ray Studies) is the most common test. The child swallows barium, a liquid that outlines the digestive tract when x-rays are taken. Although this test can help the doctor diagnose gastroesophageal reflux, it more importantly helps the doctor identify some of the possible causes of the reflux.
An esophageal pH probe is a thin flexible tube with a sensor at the tip that measures the degree of acidity (pH). Doctors pass the tube through the child's nose, down the throat, and into the end of the esophagus. The tube is usually left in place for 24 hours. Normally, children do not have acid in their esophagus, so if the sensor detects acid, it is a sign of reflux. Doctors sometimes use this test to see whether children with symptoms such as coughing or breathing difficulties have reflux.
In a gastric emptying scan (milk scan), the child drinks a beverage that contains a small amount of mildly radioactive material. This material is harmless to the child. A special camera or scanner that is highly sensitive to radiation can detect where the material is in the child's body. The camera can see how rapidly the material leaves the stomach and whether there is reflux, aspiration, or both.
In upper endoscopy (see Endoscopy), the child is sedated, and a small flexible tube with a camera on the end (endoscope) is passed through the mouth into the esophagus and stomach. Doctors may perform upper endoscopy if they need to see whether the reflux has caused an ulcer or irritation or if they need to obtain a sample for a biopsy. Endoscopy can also help make sure the symptoms of reflux are not due to something else such as an allergy, infection, or celiac disease. Bronchoscopy (see Bronchoscopy) is a similar test in which doctors use an endoscope to examine the voice box (larynx) and airways. Bronchoscopy can help doctors decide whether reflux is a likely cause of lung or breathing problems.
Treatment of reflux depends on the child's age and symptoms.
For infants who just have wet burps, doctors may recommend no treatment or may suggest measures such as thickening formula for feedings, special positioning, and frequent burping. Formula can be thickened by adding 1 to 3 teaspoons of rice cereal per ounce of formula. The nipple may have to be cross-cut to allow the formula to flow. Infants with reflux should be fed in an upright or semi-upright position and then maintained in an upright position for 30 minutes after eating.
Infants with a food intolerance or allergy may benefit from a hypoallergenic formula.
The head of the bed can be raised 6 inches (about 15¼ centimeters) to help reduce nighttime reflux. Infants should be secured in a sling fitted over the mattress or wedge to keep them from rolling or sliding down to a horizontal position on the lower end of the crib. Older children also should avoid eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime, drinking carbonated beverages or those that contain caffeine, taking certain drugs (such as those with anticholinergic effects), eating certain foods (such as chocolate), and overeating. All children should be kept away from tobacco smoke.
If changes in feeding and positioning do not control symptoms, doctors may prescribe drugs. Several types of drugs are available for reflux:
Antacids are drugs that neutralize gastric acid. These drugs work quickly to relieve symptoms such as heartburn.
For children with more severe disease, acid-suppressing drugs are required. By reducing stomach acid, these drugs lessen symptoms and allow the esophagus to heal. There are two types of acid-suppressing drugs, histamine-2 (H2) blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)—see see Acid-reducing drugs. H2 blockers do not suppress acid production quite as much as PPIs.
Promotility drugs stimulate the movement of contents through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. These drugs (such as metoclopramide) may help increase the strength of the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the speed at which the stomach empties. Improved gastric emptying should decrease gastric pressure, making reflux less likely to occur. Doctors used to prescribe these drugs frequently for reflux but now think they are helpful only for certain children.
Rarely, reflux does not respond to nonsurgical treatment and is so severe that doctors recommend surgery. The most common surgical procedure is a fundoplication. In fundoplication, the surgeon wraps the top of the stomach around the lower end of the esophagus to make that junction tighter and decrease reflux.
Drugs Mentioned In This Article
Generic NameSelect Brand Names
nicotineCOMMIT, NICORETTE, NICOTROL
- Digestive Disorders in Children
- Introduction to Digestive Disorders in Children
- Gastroenteritis in Children
- Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
- Peptic Ulcer in Children
- Hernia in Children
- Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
- Intussusception
- Appendicitis in Children
- Meckel Diverticulum
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As we enter the Holiday Season, kick your shopping off right by visiting MLUShop.com and finding the perfect gift for the ultimate fan in your life!
Today through Monday, use the code "THANKS15" at checkout and enjoy a 15% discount on your entire order, picking up all your Nighthawks gear, discs, Friction Gloves, Point6 Socks and more!
Looking for an even better deal? Sign up now for our MLU Shop newsletter and we will email you an exclusive code good for an additional 10% off your order.
Head on over to MLUShop.com now!


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High marks from independent labs. Antivirus protection. Web protection.
No firewall tools. No parental control.
Bottom Line
Sophos brings strong virus protection and Web protection to Mac.
Your computer is filled with your personal information, and if your computer is a Mac then it was also probably a significant investment. To protect your machine and your information there are antivirus products like Sophos Anti-Virus for Mac (Free), which puts antivirus and Web protection on your Mac. We look forward to testing it soon.
//Compare Similar ProductsCompare
Unlike most Mac antivirus apps, Sophos is completely free. This puts it in the same category as avast! Free Antivirus for Mac and Avira Free Mac Security. Sophos has a clean interface, but one that might look a little dated on newer versions of OS X. The app runs on OS X 10.6 or later.
Antivirus Protection
Sophos provides three modes for virus protection: on-demand, on-access, and scheduled scans. The first simply means that Sophos scans your machine when you push a button. No fuss, no muss. For even less fuss and muss, you can schedule scans to be performed automatically.
Sophos provides on-access scans for continuous protection. In this mode, Sophos scans files as you access them, efficiently protecting you from malicious files.
You can also configure Sophos to scan inside archived and compressed files, files stored on your network, and exclude certain items from scans as well. Suspicious files are automatically moved into a quarantine section where you can easily remove them.
Though protecting your own Mac is of primary importance, Sophos goes further and searches for Windows malware sitting on your machine. While these files probably can't harm your Mac, they probably aren't doing it any good either. Some sophisticated malware can even lay dormant in your Apple until it has the chance to jump to a Windows machine. With Sophos, you keep your friends and other computers safe, too.
Independent labs AV-Test Institute and AV-Comparatives recently released their own surveys of OS X antivirus software. AV-Test found that Sophos detected 96.6 percent of the lab's malware samples during on-demand scans and 97.6 percent during on-access scans. The report from AV-Comparatives was even more glowing; their results showed that Sophos detected 100 percent of the Mac and Windows malware used in the evaluation.
Web Protection
Malware is scary, but the Web is a more dangerous vector for attack. Most malware has to target the victim's operating system, but Web-based attacks operate in the browser, opening up the number of victims.
To combat Web threats, Sophos scans URLs for known malicious threats. Sophos also scans websites you visit, looking for malicious code. This blocks threats you encounter online before they have a chance to run on your computer.
What's Missing
A handful of Mac antivirus apps include parental controls for concerned parents of young children and teenagers. This lets you filter Web content that might not be appropriate for young eyes, and in some cases actually prevents your children from sharing personal information online. Parents seeking these features should look at Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac, ESET Cyber Security (for Mac), and Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac. Be sure to read our reviews of Parental Control and Monitoring softwareand our roundup of the best free porn filters.
Though viruses and malicious software are very visible concerns, network connections are ripe for attack. That's why a handful of Mac antivirus companies include firewall tools to control the flow of information into and out of your computer. In some cases, these tools can even prevent unrecognized malware from communicating with its nefarious masters. If you need these tools, consider Norton Internet Security 5 for Mac, F-Secure, ESET, and McAfee Internet Security 2014 for Mac. For more on firewalls, see our firewall reviews and our roundup of the best free firewalls.
We look forward to fully testing Sophos Anti-Virus for Mac in the labs soon. For more on Mac antivirus products, be sure to check out our roundup.


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Reviews | Short Takes
Alger Hiss' Looking-Glass Wars: The Covert Life of a Soviet Spy. By G. Edward White '63. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 320 pp. $30 hardcover.
For decades, a great number of Americans saw Alger Hiss as an innocent victim of McCarthyism—a distinguished diplomat railroaded by an ambitious Richard Nixon. And even as the case against Hiss grew over time, his dignified demeanor helped create an aura of innocence that in many minds outshone the facts. White draws together the countless details of Hiss' life to paint a portrait of a man whose life was devoted to perpetuating a lie. He catalogs the evidence that proved Hiss' guilt—from Whittaker Chambers' famous testimony to copies of State Department documents typed on Hiss' typewriter to Allen Weinstein's groundbreaking investigation in the 1970s—and offers a compelling analysis of Hiss' denial in the face of growing evidence of his guilt. White is a professor at the University of Virginia Law School and the son-in-law of John F. Davis, the man who served as Alger Hiss' counsel during a 1948 appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
Jews and the American Soul: Human Nature in the 20th Century. By Andrew Heinze '77. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004. 456 pp. $19.77 hardcover.
What do Joyce Brothers and Sigmund Freud, Rabbi Harold Kushner and philosopher Martin Buber have in common? They belong to a group of pivotal and highly influential Jewish thinkers who altered the face of modern America in ways few people recognize. So argues Heinze, who reveals in rich detail the extent to which Jewish values, often in tense interaction with an established Christian consensus, shaped the country's psychological and spiritual vocabulary. Jews and the American Soul claims to be the first book to recognize the central role Jews and Jewish values have played in shaping American ideas of the inner life. It overturns the widely shared assumption that modern ideas of human nature derived simply from the nation's Protestant heritage.
Medical Management of Glaucoma. By Max Forbes and James C. Tsai '85. West Islip, N.Y.: Professional Communications, Inc., 2004. 254 pp. $21.95 paperback.
Tsai, the director of the Glaucoma Division and associate professor of ophthalmology at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, presents a comprehensive overview of glaucoma, including its diagnosis and treatment options.
PhB—The Professional Human Being—Profiting from Purpose. By John M. Bean '69. Edina, Minn.: Beaver's Pond Press, Inc., 2004. 128 pp. $15 paperback.
In PhB, Bean aims to help general readers and visionary organizations use humanity as a strategic advantage. Drawing on his experience as a management consultant and motivational speaker, he provides the tools that he says can help anyone become a professional human being. This, he says, will help individuals, large and small companies and entrepreneurs achieve personal fulfillment and more sustainable profitability.
Rainbow Green: Live-Food Cuisine. By Gabriel Cousens '65. Berkeley, Calif: North Atlantic Books, 2003. 544 pp. $30 paperback.
Medical researchers have found that a high-fat, high-sugar diet, combined with environmental pollutants and stress, can lead to a buildup of toxins in the body collectively known as chronic degenerative disease. In his book, Cousens provides a dietary regimen that may help reverse this process by introducing whole, natural, organic and raw foods into the diet. These restorative "live" foods, he says, can reverse chronic disease and bring back health and vitality. This eclectic cookbook shares 250 vegan recipes from chefs at the Tree of Life Cafe. International entrees, juices and aromatherapeutic remedies also are featured. Cousens is the founder and director of the Tree of Life Rejuvenation Center in Patagonia, Ariz.
The Renaissance Perfected: Architecture, Spectacle and Tourism in Fascist Italy. By D. Medina Lasansky '90. University Park, Pa.: Penn State University Press, 2005. 560 pp. $85 hardcover.
Anyone acquainted with the beauties of Tuscany will be surprised to learn that architects, planners and administrators working within fascist programs fabricated much of what today's tourists admire as authentic. Public squares, town halls, palaces, gardens and civic rituals (including the famed Palio of Siena) all were "restored" to suit a vision of the past shaped by fascist notions of virile power, social order and national achievement in the arts. Ultimately, Lasansky forces readers to question long-standing assumptions about the Renaissance even as she expands the parameters of what constitutes fascist culture. Lasansky is an assistant professor of the history of architecture and urbanism at Cornell University.
A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. By Allen F. Roberts '67. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington Press, 2003. 284 pp. $45 paperback.
Drawing on the long history of Islamic arts in sub-Saharan Africa, A Saint in the City investigates in depth the vibrant and sophisticated arts of urban Senegal. Underscoring the interconnectedness of art and life, it provides insight into the visual culture of the Mouride Way, a Sufi movement steeped in the mystical teachings of Sheikh Amadou Bamba (1853–1927). This way of life, grounded in Bamba's teachings about the dignity and sanctity of work, is observed by more than 4 million Senegalese—half the country's Muslim population—and by thousands more around the globe. Roberts focuses in particular on the ways in which sacred images work for people as powerful acts of devotion and prayer. The remarkable proliferation of arts in the city of Dakar, from bold street murals to virtuosic calligraphy and intricate, colorful glass paintings, offer vivid examples of the potency of Mouridism. Roberts is a professor in the Department of World Arts and Cultures at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the director of the James S. Coleman African Studies Center.
Writing and Holiness: The Practice of Authorship in the Early Christian East. By Derek Krueger '85. Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. 298 pp. $59.95 hardcover.
One of the thorniest problems facing early Christian writers was the conflict between the pride implicit in authorship and the Christian ideal of humility. In this book, Krueger draws on comparative literature, ritual and performance studies and the history of asceticism to show how writers resolved this dilemma by coming to view writing as salvific— worship through the production of art. In exploring this history, Writing and Holiness uncovers Christian literary theories with implications for both Eastern and Western medieval literatures. Krueger is a professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
—Compiled by Samuel Masinter '04


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One year into its twelve year journey to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta mission will make a "close" flyby of Earth on Friday 4th March. UK scientists involved in the mission are hoping for a glimpse of the spacecraft which should be visible in the UK with the use of a telescope.
Image: Artist's impression of the Rosetta orbiter and lander approaching Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Credit: ESA
Whilst it has been visible to large amateur telescopes since 26th February, the best opportunity to view the spacecraft in Europe will be on Friday 4th March when it makes its closest approach to Earth. At a distance of 1900 km or 1,180 miles (the equivalent of a journey between Edinburgh and Rome) even the 32 metre solar panels on Rosetta are expected to be visible!
After sunset the spacecraft will appear to travel south east to south west, moving from the constellation Sextans towards the setting Sun, crossing the complete sky. As it heads west it will move faster and disappear below the horizon around 22.00 GMT. From Europe it will only reach a magnitude of +8 or +9 on the brightness scale used by astronomers. This is dimmer than a typical faint star and whilst not readily apparent to the eye will be able to be viewed and photographed (weather permitting) by a decent amateur telescope with digital imaging equipment. See notes to editors for details about ESA's "Rosetta Up Close" photographic competition.
UK scientists, who are involved in 7 of the instruments/experiments on the orbiter and 4 on the lander, are eagerly awaiting a brief look at the spacecraft as it swings by. Professor Ian Wright from the Open University is Principal Investigator for the Ptolemy instrument on the Philae lander. He will be looking out for Rosetta from his back garden near Olney in Buckinghamshire.
"It's amazing to think that on Friday night this spacecraft, which left Earth a year ago on a truly epic voyage, will be just a few thousand miles above our heads. Not only that, with luck (i.e. no clouds!), it should be visible in the night sky - I will be outside, around 10 pm, trying to observe it with my telescope and binoculars."
Dan Andrews, a Phd student from the Open University, who works on Ptolemy adds,
"This is just the second step on Rosetta's journey, after Friday we will be heading towards a Mars flyby (26th February 2007), having robbed energy from the Earth as we slingshot towards our target comet."
This is the first of four planet swing-bys (three with Earth and one with Mars) which Rosetta will make before reaching Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. Swing-bys are necessary to accelerate the spacecraft using the planet's gravity, enabling it to reach the correct orbit once near the comet.
During the swing-by a number of activities are planned including a tracking test in preparation for the spacecraft's flyby of two asteroids later in its journey (Steins in September 2008 and Lutetia in July 2010). This test of the asteroid tracking mode, will be carried out using the Moon, rather than an asteroid, as a target.
The Rosetta Plasma Consortium instruments, which UK scientists contributed to, are being switched on during the flyby. RPC team member Chris Carr from Imperial College explains more,
"The Earth flyby gives us an excellent opportunity to calibrate the sensors, for example, the magnetometer can be checked against the very precisely known Earth-field at the low altitude closest approach point. In addition, Rosetta's approach to Earth gives us a unique opportunity to do global magnetosphere studies with other operating missions such as Cluster and Double Star."
As the oldest and most primitive bodies in the solar system comets provide the key to unlocking the secrets of the Universe. Comets have remained unchanged in comparison with other bodies within our solar system and provide the earliest record of materials in a pristine form.
On arrival at the comet, in around May 2014, the spacecraft will edge closer to the nucleus before deploying the Philae lander in November 2014. Once on the surface of the comet a whole range of scientific studies will be conducted in situ with the 10 instruments on board.
Source: PPARC
Explore further: Rosetta 'Alice' spectrometer reveals Earth's ultraviolet fingerprint in Earth flyby


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It's practically summer -- that means fruit, fun and flip-flops. You'll have to find your own flip-flops, but Bennigan's, Seventh and Adams streets, can help with the fruit and the fun. They've got a Wildberry Martini that could knock your socks -- or your flip-flops -- off. And hey, its got juice in it, so it has to be good for you, right?
How to make it
Start with a 9 oz. martini glass. Mix in a shaker:
1 ¼ oz Stoli Razberi vodka
1 oz Island Oasis Wild Berry Mix (or substitute any berry puree)
1 oz cranberry juice
1 oz sweet 'n' sour mix
Shake over ice and strain into martini glass.
Story published Friday, May 1, 2009 ( Volume 4, Number 3 )


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I am a laid back and loyal guy and I tend to say random things to break the ice when meeting new people. I like to have some what intelligent conversations about random views on things just for the hell of it. I love watching basketball(knicks, nuggets, and bulls) and football(college team Alabama/pro teams Saints and Raiders), I am firearm lover, and I plan on getting few older cars to make projects out of in the future once I getting to where I need to be in life.
I will say as a warning to all who maybe interested in talking to me, due to some past and more recent incidents that have happened to me, I have some big trust issues at first when I first meet someone and start talking to them. I am open with a lot things and I will let you know when I feel something isn't right.
I would like to have a relationship that could possible lead to something long term, but I am fine with dating around and the such.
I will watch almost any kind of movie so choosing a favorite is kind of hard for me.
I am an avid hiphop listener, I love to listen to lyrics and figure the meaning by the words that flow to effortlessly. I also love Reggaeton and reggae. Depending on what mood you catch me in I may even listen to fora classical songs or some rock.
I love Chinese and Mexican food.
2. My xbox
3. My cell phone
4. My tv
5. My friends
6. My pc
1. Think I am cute
2. Want to possibly have relationship
3. Need a new friend
4. Want to game online with me
So let start talking and have a good time I don't bite...much lol


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We are a Resurrection People
By: Rev. Dr. Jerry S. Maneker
"Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband to them, saith the Lord: But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity and I will remember their sin no more. (Jeremiah 31:31-34)
After the death of the King of Judah, Josiah, it got very rough for Jeremiah, who faced constant opposition from the prevailing political and religious leaders of his day. He preached repentance, and capitulation to the hoards of Babylonian soldiers invading Judah, and the leaders didn't want to hear such talk. He was proven correct, nevertheless, and Judah was taken captive.
Amidst all the tumult, Jeremiah represented a resurrected life, in that He heard and obeyed the voice of God, despite seemingly insurmountable challenges from others who were given far more credibility than was given to him. People don't like to hear things that fly in the face of their feelings of self-importance; don't want their worlds rocked or their comfort zones threatened; don't like to see a life lived that largely transcends the values and norms of the day.
As Christians, we, as was Jeremiah and all of God's people in the Bible, are called upon to be a resurrection people! We are to live our lives in such a way that those lives wouldn't make any sense if God didn't exist! The wonderful preacher, Peter J. Gomes, the minister at Harvard University, in his book, Strength for the Journey, that I strongly recommend you read, wrote the following: "Indeed, the greatest argument for the validity of the Christian life is the life of a Christian: we are the arguments for the resurrection; we are the living roots for the existence of God." (p. 281)
Now, it must be understood up front that Christians harbor the same "old man" that non-Christians possess! We are no different in that way, and to assume and preach that we are does violence both to the truth and to people's perceptions of Christianity. We are no better, not necessarily more "moral," and no more worthy than anyone else in the eyes of God! It must always be remembered that God imputes "worthiness" to us! That fact is what is meant by the term "grace!" The fact that He has imputed that "worthiness" to us from the foundation of the world (e.g., Ephesians 1:4) is called "prevenient grace!"
"Grace" means God's unmerited favor to those whom He has chosen before the worlds were formed to be sanctified, to be set apart to do a work for Him. In that sense, all Christians, LGBT and Straight, are called upon to be Apostles, "sent out ones," to spread the good news of the Gospel of grace, faith, love, peace, reconciliation, inclusiveness, and liberation to all those who have the ears to hear and the "antenna" to receive that good news. In order to succeed in fulfilling our ministries, we must not only reckon ourselves to be, but actually realize that we are, a "resurrection people."
By "resurrection" I mean transcendence from worshipping the many idols that this world offers us and that separate us from the knowledge that God has given each of His children a work to do. These idols take many forms: drugs, sex, alcohol, work, etc. It's certainly ok to indulge in many of the delights that this world offers, but it's not ok to worship or idolize them or have them in any way usurp the role of God in our lives. Indeed, when it comes to the hostile attitudes, rhetoric, and actions and, equally as egregious, the silence and inaction, of most in the institutional Church in regard to LGBT people and same-sex love, we can see the idols of "condemnation," "discrimination," and "self-righteousness," which no Christian is allowed to worship or even "indulge" in!
Gay or Straight, when we listen to God and obey His call on our lives, despite what others, including other professing Christians, say about our obedience to God's call on our lives, we show ourselves to be a resurrection people! When we love amidst hate; stand up for justice amidst cruelty and violence; when we speak truth to power amidst cowardice that frequently masks itself as "Christian"; when we care for "the least among us" amidst the world's glorification of "success"; when we give of ourselves to others amidst an era of unbridled greed; when we remain faithful amidst people many of whom "sell out" in order to be liked and accepted; when we remain peaceful (to the degree possible) amidst uncertainty and tumult, we show ourselves to be a "resurrection people!"
We are a resurrection people when we have and show an implacable faith, an abiding trust, in a God Who doesn't make any mistakes and, taking that knowledge, translating it into doing good, fighting for justice, seeking peace, and also translating our own life-experiences, and especially our sufferings, into ministries that comfort the afflicted!
Resurrection people make manifest to others the reality and meaning of the Christian life!
Copyright © by the author All Rights Reserved


text:
|Gummed envelopes require moisture to seal. Seals tightly and keeps contents secure.
|Self-sealing envelopes require no moisture, simply close flap to seal.
|Strip Removal
|Strip removal envelopes require no moisture, simply pull the strip and seal.
|Clasp envelopes are made with a durable double prong for temporary closure. Reusable clasp with gummed closure for additional security.
|Button and String
|Button and string envelopes are reusable. Some offer gummed closure for additional security.
|Commercial flap envelopes are the most commonly used flap for business envelopes. Great for auto insertion machines.
|V-flap envelopes have a traditional flap used for basic business envelopes.
|Square flap envelopes are traditionally used for envelopes with self-sealing or pull and seal closure. All catalog and clasp envelopes have a square flap.
|Diagonal-seam envelopes provide extra-strong seams for bulky or heavy items. Generally found on all commercial and V-flap envelopes.
|Side-seam envelopes allow easy insertion of materials. Generally found on square flap envelopes.
|Center-seam envelopes provide extra security and strength. Generally found on clasp and catalog envelopes.
|Single, Left
|Standard window envelopes have a single window on the left for mailing addresses. Fits standard formats.
|Double, Left
|Double-window envelopes have two windows on the left to display mailing and return addresses.
|Single, Right
|Right-window envelopes have one window on the right. For use with insurance forms or other special forms.
|Business Envelopes
|Most common sizes: #9, #10, #6 3/4, #8 5/8, Coin Size.
#10 envelope accommodates an 8 1/2" x 11" sheet folded in thirds.
|Large Envelopes
|Most common sizes: 6" x 9", 9" x 12", 10" x 13".
9" x 12" envelope is perfect for 8 1/2" x 11" letterhead.
|Specialty Envelopes
|Most common sizes: A9, 4 7/8" x 5" and interoffice envelopes.
A9 envelope is most commonly used for invitations or greeting cards.
|White Wove
|White wove envelopes are made of smooth, bright white stock. Available in 20 lb., 24 lb. and 28 lb. Generally used for commercial and catalog envelopes.
|Tyvek® envelopes are made from durable material that provides extra protection from punctures, tears and moisture.
|Padded Envelopes
|Padded envelopes contain bubble padding or paper padding that protects important documents from damage during shipment.
|Kraft (Brown, White, Gray)
|Kraft envelopes are made with heavyweight material that protects against rugged handling. Available in 24 lb. and 28 lb. Typically used for catalog and clasp envelopes.
|Manila envelopes provide more durability. Available in 32 lb. Used for catalog envelopes.
|Eco Friendly
|Eco-friendly envelopes are made with 100% recycled/100% post-consumer material. Available in 26 lb.
Generally used for catalog and clasp envelopes.
|Plain envelopes have no inside printing, commonly used to send letters, invoices, etc.
|Security-tint envelopes have inside printing with pattern design. Provides extra security and confidentiality.
|Watershed envelopes are made from uniquely formulated paper that resists moisture. Water-resistant material can be written on with pen, pencil and marker.
|Recycled envelopes are made from paper that contains recovered fiber, which may be preconsumer and/or post-consumer


text:
Tea Pack-It
The Tea Pack-It is a must for every tea-drinker or organizer! This handy wallet lets you compactly store your drink accessories or small items you want to keep handy.
- 4¼" x 5¼" (11 cm x 13.5 cm).
- Use it to store tea packets, powdered drink mixes, sugar, stirrers, and other drink accessories.
- You can also turn it into a portable first-aid kit, sewing kit, kid's entertainment pack, coupon holder, travel organizer…anything you want!
- The interior has two large and four small pockets.
- The elastic band keeps everything in place.
- Easily fits into purses, backpacks, diaper bags, and car consoles.
- Wipe clean.
Use & Care
Use & Care
Use & Care
Spot clean with damp cloth
Made in China
Use & CareSHELL: 100% POLYESTER EXCLUDING DECORATION
Spot clean with damp cloth
Made in China
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Scarlett Johansson Pulled the Trigger
Despite my obsession with inserting Blake Lively into every post, Scarlett Johansson is apparently the one who decided to bail on Ryan Reynolds and not vice versa as most normal people would've assumed on account of all the Blake Lively. (I need help.) Us Weekly reports:
"Ryan has been reaching out to an ex the past few months," a Reynolds pal tells Us.
Yet it's purely platonic, the insider insists: "He is seeking comfort, but not in a romantic or sexual way."
Suddenly single Johansson, meanwhile, has "confided in friends."
… "She's been unhappy for a while," the source says, noting that the busy actors were force to spend too much time apart.
While all this "too much time apart" talk sounds like a convenient cover story for Scarlett's rumored promiscuity, I can't help but think there's side boob in these photos. And now I can't even do that. Or make sentence pieces and then you so much hahas come out. Cinnabon?
Photos: Getty


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About us
The Office of State Revenue (OSR) is a division within the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation.
As NSW's principal revenue agency, OSR fairly administers State taxation and revenue for, and on behalf of, the people of NSW. OSR manages fines and administers grants and subsidies to provide valuable assistance to families and enterprises across NSW. The Office also recovers debt to provide an equitable outcome for the community.
Our ABN is 77 456 270 638.
Our vision
An excellent organisation of professional people proudly delivering community value and contemporary service.
Our purpose
We contribute to a prosperous, safe and fair society by collecting revenue, resolving fines, administering grants and recovering debt.
Our values
We have five key values:
- collaboration
- achievement
- service
- integrity
- innovation.
Our pillars
Our pillars are:
- Client Experience - make it easy for clients to do business with us.
- People and Culture - capable and engaged workforce.
- Compliance - maximise compliance.
- Processes and Systems - processes and systems meet the needs of our stakeholders.
- Growth and Innovation - innovate to renew services and processes and expand our service offering.
Our strategic plan
The OSR Strategic Plan sets out our future direction and goals to June 2021.
Our year in review
The 2015-16 Year in Review outlines our performance and key achievements of the past year.


text:
About the Book
This book is uniquely designed as a resource for parents of children with both NF1 and learning disabilities. Whether your child is just entering kindergarten, or is in their high school years, parents will find relevant material and strategies in this guide to help their student excel with their education. Inside you will find information on:
Explaining NF1 to Teachers, Social Challenges Common to NF1, Attention Deficit Disorders and NF1, Psychological Implication of Learning Disabilities , plus much more. Order a copy for your child's classroom teacher too!
Author website
Features & Details
- Category Reference
8×10 in, 21×26 cm
48 Pages
- Softcover: 9781320177382
- Publish Date Oct 21, 2014
- Language English
- Tags NF, neurofibromatosis, learning disabilities
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Planning for your career
Don't wait till graduation to think about your future career. Make the most of opportunities at Calvin beyond classes to help you prepare for a job after Calvin.
Get to know your advisor
Your academic advisor has a wealth of knowledge and experience in the field of physics and astronomy. He or she will be your best resource as you choose a career track, select courses, and apply for research and internships. In addition to your assigned advisor, feel free to chat with any professor in the department about careers.
Learn about types of careers
Physics majors typically pursue one of three main career paths: industry, secondary education, or research. Be sure to see our overview of these paths and Calvin-specific advice for each one.
To learn more about physics career options, see these sites:
- Career Resources provides advice about careers, profiles of physicists employed in a variety of jobs and other information.
- What can I do with this Major describes the sub-fields of physics and job opportunities in each.
- The Sloan Career Cornerstone offers much information on careers in physics and other science & technology areas, including forecasts on which fields are growing.
- The AIP Statistics office gives Career Guidance for Students, including information on starting salaries and which companies hire physics majors after college.
- The American Astronomical Society offers numerous career resources.
- Frequently asked questions about careers in astronomy and astrophysics can be found at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory website.
- The National Academy of Sciences offers several resources on careers, including Careers in Science and Engineering: A Student Planning Guide to Grad School and Beyond.
Plan your courses wisely
Talk with your advisor about the best type of physics major, and appropriate minor(s), for the career(s) you are interested in. Then select courses carefully. Many courses are offered only once every two years and have multiple pre-requisites, so plan ahead. Check out our sample 4-year course plans, then write a plan of your own. If you are interested in education, your core courses (not just technical courses) also need to be chosen carefully to meet education requirements.
Build your connections
Even while you're an undergraduate student, expanding your network of contacts within your target career field will help you make your way after graduation. Chat with professors outside of class. Contact physics alumni working in your area(s) of interest. Attend seminars and introduce yourself to speakers. Do an internship at a company or a summer of research, and keep in contact with people you meet there. Through these connections, you will develop contacts who can write recommendation letters, refer you to employers, and let you know about openings.
Search job listings
- The American Physical Society is a great resource to learn more about jobs available to physics graduates.
- Search jobs, post your resume and find job fairs at Physics Today.
- The AIP's Career Services "is dedicated to assisting physics educated individuals in their search for jobs", and includes a list of open job opportunities for physicists.
- High school physics teachers: jobs are listed by Christian Schools International, the National Association of Independent Schools and the Southern Teachers Agency. If you did not complete a Calvin secondary ed degree, consider programs like Teach for America, Match Eduction, or the University of Michigan 12-month Master's certification program.
- Astronomy: The American Astronomical Society offers a Job Register for jobs in astronomy and planetary science.
- Industry: A list of companies that hire physicists with bachelors degrees, and a list of companies that hire lots of physicists. MIT Lincoln Laboratory is an example of an employer that recruits physicists with bachelor degrees.
- The federal government offers many jobs in the physical sciences. Usajobs.gov lists jobs at all government agencies that may hire physicists.
- Research & academia: Listings of academic jobs and grad school assistantships from Nature . This site can help you compare graduate school programs GradSchoolShopper.com


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Rios receives life plus 23 years
Ex-cop killed MU student in 2004.
Published Friday, January 16, 2009
For the second time in less than five years, former Columbia police Officer Steven Rios today was sentenced in connection with the slaying of a University of Missouri student with whom he was having an affair.
Rios, 31, was ordered to serve a life sentence for second-degree murder plus 23 years for armed criminal action in connection with the 2004 slaying of 23-year-old Jesse Valencia.
Rios did not make any statements to the court during a more than hourlong hearing in front of Senior Judge Frank Conley.
A Clay County jury last month convicted Rios of second-degree murder and armed criminal action during a weeklong retrial and recommended the sentence Conley today implemented and ordered to be served consecutively.
Valencia, 23, was found June 5, 2004, with his throat slashed near his East Campus apartment. Rios and Valencia had been having an affair for months before his death after Rios arrested the student while responding to a loud party complaint.
The victim's mother made a brief statement to the court during today's hearing and said her son was a wonderful and compassionate person.
"Steven, you knew him," said Linda Valencia of Perryville, Ky. "You knew what he was like.
"Just being without Jesse is the most devastating part," Linda Valencia said. "No matter how many times it goes to trial, no matter what happens after today, Jesse is gone, and we're never going to get him back."
Rios remained quiet during today's hearing, at times with his head down. Responding to a question from Conley, Rios said he was satisfied with the representation by his attorney, Gillis Leonard of Moberly.
Before Conley addressed sentencing, Leonard argued for a judgment of acquittal or new trial. Leonard complained to the court that testimony ran late into the night during the retrial and alleged juror misconduct because two jurors went to a bathroom together and discussed the case separate from the other 10 jurors during deliberations.
Conley overruled the motion and did not find that the jurors were separated because the bathroom was inside the jury deliberation room, which is inaccessible to any other person.
Special Prosecutor Morley Swingle mentioned to the court the defense never objected to the late nights during the trial. Testimony routinely continued until 9 or 10 p.m.
Swingle recommended consecutive sentences consistent with the jury's recommendation, but the defense asked for more lenient sentences, citing Rios' lack of criminal history and work as a police officer.
"He performed extensive service to his community," Leonard told Conley.
Unlike Rios' first sentence imposed after his 2005 conviction, he could eventually be paroled from prison. He would be eligible for parole after about 30 years.
An appeals court last year overturned Rios' previous sentence of life in prison without parole because of hearsay testimony admitted during the first trial.
Reach Joe Meyer at (573) 815-1718 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Copyright © 2009 The Columbia Daily Tribune. All Rights Reserved.
The Columbia Daily Tribune


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Alternate timeline
(covers information from an alternate timeline)
(covers information from an alternate timeline)
In an alternate future, Sabrina was the daughter of Naomi Wildman, and granddaughter of Samantha Wildman and Greskrendtregk.
In 2404 Sabrina attended, along with her mother, the ten-year reunion of the USS Voyager's return to the Alpha Quadrant at Admiral Kathryn Janeway's apartment. Harry Kim remembered seeing her as an infant at an earlier reunion. (VOY: "Endgame")
Sabrina was played by Ashley Sierra Hughes.


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COAL MINE FATALITY - On Saturday, October 5, 2013, a 47-year-old laborer with approximately 15 years of mining experience, was killed when the battery powered personnel carrier he was driving overturned and pinned him underneath the vehicle.
Best Practices
This is the 16th fatality reported in calendar year 2013 for the coal mining industry. As of this date in 2012, there were 16 fatalities reported in the coal mining industry. This is the 4th fatality classified as Powered Haulage in 2013. At this time in 2012, there were 3 fatalities in this classification.
The information provided in this notice is based on preliminary data ONLY and does not represent final determinations regarding the nature of the incident or conclusions regarding the cause of the fatality.
For more information:
MSHA's Fatal Accident Investigation Report


text: If you need to set up a website for your business, you can do so using 123 Reg. You can register a domain and get your business online today with one call to the 123 Reg contact number. Offering a huge range of web hosting services, marketing tools and more, 123 Reg is the perfect service to make your business online-ready.