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SOUTHERN-UNIONIST-L ArchivesArchiver > SOUTHERN-UNIONIST > 2002-09 > 1033309426
From: (Barbara Hardin Barkes)
Subject: Re: [S.Un] Fw: Candles in the Chambers
Date: Sun, 29 Sep 2002 09:23:49 -0500 (CDT)
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Subject: [S.Un] Fw: Candles in the Chambers
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A great American often shared his favorite story this way: "Nearly one hundred years ago there was a day of remarkable gloom and darkness, still known as the Dark Day... a day when the light of the sun was slowly extinguished as if by eclipse. The Legislature of Connecticut was in session and as the members saw the unexpected and unaccountable darkness coming on, they shared in the general awe and terror. It was supposed by many that the last day, the day of judgment, had come. Someone, in the consternation of the hour, moved adjournment.
Then there arose an old Puritan legislator, Davenport Stanford, who said, 'If the last day surely has come, then I desire to be found at my post of duty. I therefore move that candles be brought in so that the House may proceed with its business.'
"So my son, when in the conflict of life, when the clouds and darkness come, stand unflinchingly by your post; remain faithful to the discharge of your duty!"
Do you know who told that story and made that analogy? A man who lived his whole life by that concept of loyalty. He was a Caesar without the ambition, a Napoleon without the selfishness, and a Washington without the reward.
His name was Robert E. Lee.
To join Ancestry.com and access our 1.2 billion online genealogy records, go to:
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|Re: [S.Un] Fw: Candles in the Chambers by (Barbara Hardin Barkes)


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... perhaps
It was the final war to end all wars. That was the optimism that was spouted after the end of World War One. But after hostilities ceased, a battered war worn and decimated Europe seeking to castrate once and for all the military might of a constantly aggressive Germany, decided to bring together a number of concerned nations who had already suffered much under German domination that it never be allowed to happen again. The plan was to bind Germany into an economic treaty that would ensure the country would never again be able to provide the wherewithal to mount another foray into the lives of those nations who wanted nothing more than to live in peace and tranquility.
That proposed Treaty/Agreement became known as the Treaty of Versailles. It was literally loaded with every kind of debt and reparation imaginable, a financial straight jacket that completely emasculated the already faltering economy of a now ruined and desperate country. Germany now began its descent into Hell, further weighted down by the enormous payment of sums levied against it by the Treaty. Needless to say, anger began to rear its ugly head and riots erupted throughout the country. Frustration fueled by desperation spawned violence which, in turn, brought down the already feeble government unable to free the country from the agony it found itself in.
In 1933 the German Nation Party (Nazi) took over and Adolph Hitler was elected Chancellor of the country and, as Leader of his Party was elevated to Fuhrer, he would be in complete control of the country.
The seeds of the next war were already being shown.
In 1939 I was 11 years old when the war started and a 17 year old when it finished. To enumerate all the privations heaped upon us by these Berlin Butchers would be tantamount to a rewrite of the the Tolstoi novel "War and Peace." Passing over some of the horrors that our flesh was heir to during this time would be a blessing in itself, so I will just illuminate the more mundane atrocities these people committed.
Every night, as a hundred bombers would arrive, we would speedily seek shelter in our Andersen Shelter erected in our back yard and supposedly there to improve our chances of survival. (British Government) Between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m. they would arrive and unload land mines, rockets launched from France (our allies), with just enough fuel to get them where they were going. When that was spent they would fall from the skies and the results would be catastrophic. Along with their conventional bombs, incendiary bombs were shoveled from these aircraft willy nilly and guaranteed to incinerate anything or anyone if in the vicinity of one as was my mother's brother as he was helping to extinguish fires started by others. And so it was for an interminable length of time, until our American friends came and joined the fray and helped us to turn the tide.
Because of the scarcity of commodities themselves, not because of the shortness of money, we were allocated one egg a month, one every six weeks in winter and, if that were bad - too bad. Meat was strictly rationed, and if you were planning a sumptuous meal two ounces a week would have to be hoarded frozen, if you were lucky enough to have a fridge. Neighbors with families would surrender what they couldn't use and barter was the order of the day.
We were very much encouraged to Dig for Victory, and I shudder when I think back to those days when we had potatoes and carrots almost interminably to eek out those other vegetables that were hardest to grow. All had to be scrubbed and washed; peeling and scraping was tantamount to a betrayal and strictly taboo.
Clothes were high on the list of everyone's fashion nightmares. Make Do and Mend was considered a national pastime and entered into with zeal and enthusiasm especially when sewing bees were becoming popular and a grand opportunity for those in the know to impart the latest exclusive and shocking (mostly hearsay) piece of scandal.
Vacations were taken and restricted to those that entailed a visit within the confines of the British Isles. The Germans had the whole of Europe, compliments of the Fuhrer.
At the beginning of the war there were many rules and regulations we had to observe. Every window had to be fitted with blackout screens, doors had to be reasonably blocked so that light could not escape into the street after dark. Every street had to have its Home Guard Watch who was responsible for overseeing that all of those requirements were met. He also had the onerous duty of monitoring the poison gas detector at the end of his street. Gas masks had to be carried at all times when one ventured out into the street and it was an offense to be caught without one. All buses and trains were forbidden to display destination panels and sign posts were eliminated. We were warned not to give directions to anyone we did not know.
Fear of a German invasion began to subside after the Allies began their thousand bomber raids over Germany and there were encouraging signs that their bombing raids were gradually diminishing but German High Command still thought they could accomplish a coup-de-grace right to the very end and, finally knowing that the end was near, and it was, the German War Machine collapsed in on itself. Peace followed soon thereafter with the coming of V. E. Day.
After six long and harrowing years it was over and we were able to do and go where we pleased. There never was any thought of capitulation or compromise, just an ardent desire to prevail and rid the world of a maniacal tyrant.
March 4, 2005

subset: commoncrawl


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Careers Lab
Careers Lab aims to bridge the gap between schools and industry by getting more businesses into the classroom to deliver inspiring careers lessons side-by-side with teachers, helping young people to think more widely about their working life. It's a flexible programme for schools and businesses to work together and can be run in an hour or a whole day depending on the student needs. Read on and learn how you can get involved…
What is Careers Lab?
As young people enter the workforce many find they are chasing jobs they don't necessarily have the relevant skills for. On the other hand, businesses have vacancies and are crying out for more skilled workers. Now more than ever it's imperative for businesses to inspire and support young people moving into the world of work and to address the skills gap.
Careers Lab does this by enabling schools and businesses from a variety of industries to work together to equip young people with the inspiration, knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the UK economy.
The programme works alongside existing careers teaching to provide a modular, progressive framework of lesson and activity plans designed to enrich students' understanding of career paths and open their minds to the possibilities of the working world.
The teaching resources are all available for schools and businesses to use without any restrictions. To allow us to monitor if Careers Lab is successful we ask for two things:
- That all schools and businesses using Careers Lab register so we can keep in touch and we can support schools and businesses to develop their networks.
- All Careers Lab lessons are recorded through the online form or via your BITC contact.
Information for Businesses
If you're a business or employee find out more about Careers Lab, the benefits, and how you can get involved here.Find out more
Information for Schools
If you're interested in bringing Careers Lab to your school, find out how you can participate and what resources are available here.Find out more
Find a School or Business
For more information on how to find and connect with a school or business in your local area please contact Business in the Community.Find out more
"For the first time I've really thought about myself, what am I good at, what are my qualities, what are my skills?"Student
"I loved it. The information was easy to use, we pick it up, you have a good overview, the teachers were very enthusiastic and welcome the Business Ambassadors into the class and the kids were really curious, they asked all sorts of things"Business Ambassador
"A teacher can only do so much. We've got a textbook, we've got our own input from other areas, but actually getting first hand evidence from someone in the industry is incredible"Teacher


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Knitters in Grimsby are working hard to support Remembrance Day with a rather unusual campaign.
Launched by Kettle Funeral Directors and Monumental Masons, the Knitted Poppy Appeal is calling for people to knit and sell poppies in order to help raise vital funds for the Royal British Legion in north-east Lincolnshire.
The day is not marked until November, however the businesses are urging volunteers to take time out to remember the war dead, while also putting their woollen skills to good work, the Grimsby Telegraph reports.
Denise Rudd, administrator at Kettle, told the newspaper that they will be selling the knitted poppies for this year's appeal, however first need them to be made.
"I have the patterns and a small supply of wool to give to people if they want to get involved," she said, before revealing that the idea follows on from last year when the firm knitted hats for troops abroad.
"I wanted to do something that stood out and was a little bit different. We want to get as many made up as possible so we can make as much money as we can," Ms Rudd added.
Once the poppies are finished people can buy them with a minimum of £1 donation.
She stressed the need for local knitters involvement, explaining that the red flowers shouldn't be too difficult to make.
"The poppies are easy to create; all you need to do is knit four separate petals and sew them together and put a safety pin on the back," Ms Rudd claimed.
Anyone keen to get involved can contact the funeral directors or the New Waltham Royal British Legion for more information.
All finished knitted poppies will then be sold towards the end of October, heading into November from these sites, meaning anyone keen to support the cause can head down to make a donation and receive their hand-knitted flower brooch.


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Affordable Care Act and ProsperUS Detroit
Video duration: 26:46Video has closed captioning.
This week on American Black Journal: The Affordable Care Act is here. We'll tell you about the efforts in Detroit to make sure everyone has access to quality, affordable health insurance. Plus, we'll tell you how "ProsperUS Detroit" is helping to create minority-owned businesses in the city. Episode 4204.


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From CNN.com, a report about Pat Robertson's response to a questioner: In a submitted question, the viewer wrote that one of her biggest fears was that her children and husband would not go to heaven "because they question why the Bible could not explain the existence of dinosaurs." "You go back in time, you've got [Read More…]
Archives for Nov 29, 2012 @ 16:22
Pat Robertson on Creationism
What's Up with the Holy Ghost?
From Chris Hodges, at Charisma Mag: Invisible, unpredictable, powerful… As the years passed, I learned to dismantle my misconceptions and inherited prejudices about the Holy Spirit. One of the main reasons was because my own Christian experience—fueled mostly by my own efforts—ended up being a failure, to say the least. When I finally invited the [Read More…]
A Perfect God?
Yoram Hazony, at NYTimes, a Jerusalem Jewish thinker, weighs in on the idealism of the God of perfection: How do you deal with those passages in the Bible? Does the Bible-as-Story/Narrative relieve any of this problem? Is God perfect? You often hear philosophers describe "theism" as the belief in a perfect being — a being [Read More…]
My Bible – A Jew's Perspective (RJS)
The first essay in the new book by Marc Zvi Brettler (Brandeis University), Peter Enns (Eastern University) and Daniel J. Harrington (Boston College), The Bible and the Believer: How to Read the Bible Critically & Religiously, is by Brettler. In this essay he reflects on the development and diversity of Jewish engagement with the Scripture [Read More…]
Embracing Mystery
Theology, better yet, knowing God, is like observing the sun. You look at it and you go blind; instead, you snatch glimpses and you learn to see everything else in light of the light the sun generates. That is, "… there may be certain things that are themselves too great to understand but that nevertheless [Read More…]


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Any news on anyone porting this over to 6.1?
I've been waiting on this, as I really need those wireless drivers. If
no one has had any head way, i think im gonna jump on it and do it.
Just dont wanna start in on a 80 hour project to have someone finish it
1/2 throuhg.
Chris Flugstad


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Landscape conservation in the Greater Mekong region
These large areas support many of the rarest and most distinctive species in the region, including Southeast Asia's largest populations of tiger, elephant, and saola.
Additionally, we coordinate closely with WWF-China to ensure effective protection of the headwaters of the Mekong—high on the Tibetan Plateau.
Approximately 28% of these focal landscapes is under formal protection. WWF works through partners to extend this landscape approach to other critical conservation areas in the Greater Mekong region.
© Peter Cutter / WWF Greater Mekong
The misty mountain ranges of Kayah Karen Tenasserim ecoregion.
© Adam Oswell / WWF Cambodia
Mekong Area of Sambor, where one of the 11 mainstream dam projects ...
© WWF Greater Mekong
Forests of the Greater Annamites. By sustainably managing this ...
© © WWF / Greg Funnell
A fish farmer at one of the Hung Vuong pangasius fish farms in the ...
- Dawna Tenasserim Landscape (DTL) – KKTE: Thailand/Myanmar
- Eastern Plains Landscape (EPL) – DF/MR: Cambodia/Vietnam
- Southern Laos / Central Vietnam Landscape (SLCVL) (DF/GA/MR: Laos/Vietnam)
- Southern Annamites Landscape (SAL) ** (GA – Vietnam)
- Mekong Source Area (MSA) (China)
- Nong Khai, Nakhon Phanom, Bolikhamsay, Khammeun (NNBK) (Thailand/Laos)
- Siphandone, Stung Treng, Kratie section (SSK) (Cambodia/Laos)
- Mekong River Delta (MRD) (Vietnam)
- Nam Pouy (Elephant recovery)
- Khao Yai/Thap Lan Complex (Tiger recovery)


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- Home
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The Digital Revolution Begins at GM
Bringing powerful technology to the latest designs is what makes GM an industry leader. Right now, we're making one of the largest information technology transformations in the automotive industry – ever. Developing integrated digital platforms that are going to change how the world interacts with their vehicles, from real-time diagnostic updates to advances in software development.
Start Your GM Career Here
Explore GM Careers
Search for a career, create a profile, and start your GM journey.Explore GM Careers
Information Security & Risk Management
Defend our networks and infrastructure through incident response, cyber-intelligence, enterprise security architecture, digital forensics, applications security, and compliance.View open Info Security & Risk Management jobs
Campus Recruiting
Enrolling the brightest minds from our nation's best universities for the challenge of a lifetime – transforming GM IT systems across the world.Learn more
Software Development
Design, program, and test new solutions to complex problems while leveraging Agile techniques to maximize benefits and shorten project timelines.View open Software Development jobs
Infrastructure Design
Challenge convention and bring innovative solutions to GM's infrastructure technologies, with full elasticity, scalability, and the highest level of resilience.View open Infrastructure Design jobs
Mobility Solutions
Developing technology that fits today's life on the move. We create a new world that will fundamentally change how people engage with technology.View open Mobility Solutions jobs
Data Engineering
Responsible for the next generation of data systems designed to standardize and simplify everyday operations, improving our competitive advantage with in-depth insights that inform our business decisions.View open Data Engineering jobs
Advanced ERP techniques power our global vision for the team of SAP engineers, architects, and developers who are driving the digital enterprise of the future.View open SAP jobs
Developing the latest crafted resources and those based on industry standard COTS to customers throughout the globe. Your desire to solve complex issues and your need to surpass expectations keep GM an industry leaderView open Architecture jobs
From product concept/design through production-build, we design strategies and define solutions that enable improvements in vehicle quality and business productivity, reduce production costs and complexity, increase revenue, and support new product innovation.View open Infotainment jobs
We design and operate all network infrastructure and services globally, including Voice, Mobility, TelePresence, Internet, Wide Area Network, Local Area Network, and Virtual Private Network.View open Telecommunications jobs
Business Solutions
Business Solutions is responsible for developing strategies, defining solutions, and optimizing the IT capabilities for business customers in the following areas: Finance, HR, Legal, Communications, and others. Our team's business acumen, deep knowledge of business process, and expertise in eliciting requirements all play a key role in crafting solutions that drive greater business benefits with shorter returns on investment.View open Business Solutions jobs
Sales & Marketing IT
We are responsible for crafting strategies and solutions that empower consumers and support the dealer network throughout the entire vehicle lifecycle. Partnering with Global Marketing and Retail Sales and Service Organizations, we define innovative ways for technology to connect with prospective consumers, provide an exemplary retail experience, and create a personalized ownership experience.View open Sales & Marketing IT jobs
IT Operations
Our team has a global responsibility for operations and leading-edge infrastructure to provide mission critical services that underpin GM's global operations in Design, Engineering, Supply Chain, Manufacturing and more.View open IT Operations jobs
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The Office of the CIO is responsible for key global functions, such as Strategic Planning, Portfolio Management, Budgeting, and Communications. We are a cohesive, tight-knit team that works on CIO priorities with regular interaction across all global IT teams.View open Office of the CIO jobs
Driving Vision
Taking charge and putting the most advanced technology into everything we do. Our teams are using the latest simulations, supercomputing technology, and advanced design tools to create an unmatched customer experience. Our innovators have the creative problem-solving skills to develop real-time answers to multifaceted issues. Our team works our entire organization, from Plant Floor and Production Planning Systems to Web and Social Media for Sales and Marketing.
Building Together
Like no other time in our history, we are breaking through the boundaries of the past. Operating one of the largest IT operations in the world – working in more than 100 countries – means leveraging process efficiencies is critical. Every IT team, from our Infrastructure Design to our Infotainment areas, is core to GM's mission. Becoming more essential with every year, we're pioneering solutions that will transform the automotive industry.
Growing Forward
Reducing complexity. Clarifying processes. Eliminating redundant operations. Generating a world of integrated technology with limitless advancement opportunities that will launch your career. In addition, GM offers industry-leading training programs, tuition assistance, and rotational opportunities to learn from different teams. Bring your drive and see where your career at GM will take you.


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Posted by Beverly
Mr. Velasquez took on my case when i didn't think an attorney in California would since I am in Ohio. I was however injured while on vacation in California. My entire ankle was broken in half due to a fall at an apartment complex. He took this case without hesitation knowing the rough road that lied ahead. He went above and beyond the call of duty by coming to Ohio since I was unable to travel. He brought a videographer into my home to show how difficult everyday tasks were for me to complete such as getting out of the chair, walking to the restroom, getting in and out of my bed and getting in and out of our vehicle. He had to spend a significant amount of time in my home to accomplish this as it takes me a great amount of time to perform these tasks and I had to take regular breaks . He was very patient throughout the entire process of the video taping. He was always in touch with me about the case and how it was going. He set up depositions for me and my family to be done here in Ohio with the defense attorney present. He made it easily accessible for us to do the depositions. He even encountered the problem of me not being able to get into the one building and got the deposition moved with ease so i could have access that i needed. During the depositions he made us very comfortable and took breaks as we needed due to the fact that this was a very traumatic experience for me and my family to have to relive. He is an excellent attorney and when he has a goal in mind he goes for it and fights with all he has. He had a goal for me and I am very pleased with the outcome of the case I couldn't have asked for a more capable or qualified attorney.
Posted by Gilberto
Diego John Velazquez is such an extraordinary lawyer, he helped me a lot with my case and his work is very professional, i really recommend him for any type of case out there.He´s a very trustworthy man.
Posted by Mason
I hired John Velasquez as my lawyer for my paternity case. The case went to trial, and we won. Had I lost, I would have been spending little to no time with my daughter, and my relationship with her could have been forever jeopardized. Our case was difficult, unique, and complex, and John was prepared for anything and everything that was thrown at us. His demeanor in the court room as well as in person is respectful and confident, and what sets him apart from other lawyers I have known is that he genuinely enjoys what he does. He loves being a lawyer, and he loves helping people. I couldn't imagine any other lawyer in my corner. As a father, I am forever grateful for his hard work and dedication to helping me preserve my relationship with my daughter.
Posted by cynthia
No tiene una comunicacion constante con sus clientes, parece que tiene mucho trabajo, espero terminemos con mi caso, ya. Trabja, bien, pero le falta mas atencion hacia sus clientes. Gracias.


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I mostly read books, try to paint, and wean myself off reddit.
I can make Tiramisu cheesecake.
Seeing the best in people.
Conversely, at times i'm really bad at seeing the bad in people. I'm not naive, but I really want to give everyone the benefit of the doubt simply because that's what i want from other people.
The only athletic thing I can do better than most is swim. Im super good at not drowning!
Movies: Memento, Eternal Sunshine, Lost in Translation, The Truman Show, Moon, Fight Club, The Fall, The Mothman Prophecies, anything with John C Riley, any movie featuring a native american kicking ass, Edge of Tomorrow, Fifth Element.
Shows: Favorite: Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Legend of Korra
Current: Silicon Valley, Mr. Robot, RuPauls Drag Race
Music: Bad Religion, Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Band of Horses, Silversun Pickups, The Shins, No Doubt (Tragic Kingdom and return of saturn only), The Postal Service, Mogwai, The Wombats, Spoon, Belle and Sebastian, Amy Winehouse, R Kelly.
Food: Meats. Starches. Asian food. If I walk into a Chinese restaurant and I am the only white guy there, im in the right place.
I am also trying to predict how Game of Thrones is going to end.
Possibly cocktails.
you want to beat me at mario kart.
you think the mummy at the STL Art Museum is the creepiest thing ever.
you want to talk me into getting a dog. I would name him Dougie Fresh and he would wear a bandanna 100% of the time. EDIT: Should I name him Dog E. Fresh instead? EDIT 2: Doggie Fresh?


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ICN Special Reports by MAIL - Pain, Flares, Diet
Though the great majority of the materials on the Interstitial Cysititis Network are free via the web site, we receive numerous requests for printed information. Thus, in 2003, along with our quarterly magazine the IC Optimist, we began a new Special Report series that addresses pinpoint patient topics of interest. We want to you to find direct, immediately useful information in every edition. We hope that you find these extremely helpful! - Jill O., ICN President
ICN Guide to Managing Flares - PRINT Edition
Price: $10.00
ICN Special Report - Managing Pain
Price: $12.50


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Title: Loyola University New Orleans Special Collections and Archives Online
This is a small representation of the many photographs, manuscripts, and other materials found in the J. Edgar and Louise S. Monroe Library's Special Collections & Archives.
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Contact: Cherie Penn, Asst. Chief of Administration, Fire Department, 612-581-2146
Fire Department begins accepting applications for new firefighters
Thousands are expected to apply in person as the department takes applications for first time since 2006
WHAT: Thousands of potential firefighters are expected to turn in their applications as the Minneapolis Fire Department begins accepting applications for new firefighters for the first time since 2006.
WHEN: 10 a.m., Thursday, Jan. 31 Fire Chief John Fruetel will be available for interviews.
Applications will be accepted during the following days and times:
Thursday, Jan. 31 (8 a.m. – 4 p.m.)
Friday, Feb. 1 (10 a.m. – 7 p.m.)
Saturday, Feb. 2 (8 a.m. – 4 p.m.)
WHERE: Northeast Armory
1025 Broadway St. NE
MORE: From Jan. 31 – Feb. 2, the Minneapolis Fire Department will take applications from people interested in becoming firefighters. The last time the department opened up an applications process was in 2006, and the City received about 1,800 applications.
The fire department is seeking a diverse pool of applicants to fill future openings in the department. The department is preparing for retirements among many long-time career firefighters in the coming years. Accepting applications is the first step in creating a new firefighter eligibility list that will be used to hire fire fighters as positions open up.
Minimum Qualifications
Firefighters must meet a number of basic job requirements. They must be 18 or older at the time of application, have a valid driver's license, and hold a high school diploma or GED equivalent.
Examination process
Submitting an application is the first step in a thorough process, which includes several steps. Applicants will be asked to take a pass/fail reading comprehension exam and a scored job inventory exam in March. The top scoring applicants will be asked to then participate in a scored oral interview and pass/fail physical agility test in spring/summer. Those applicants that complete those exam components successfully will be put on the eligibility list for future hiring that is good for two years. Before an applicant is hired, the last step in the examination process is to pass a criminal background check, medical exam and pre-employment drug and alcohol screening.
About the job
Firefighters work as a team to save and protect life and property at fires or life-threatening emergencies. In addition to fighting fires, firefighters also provide:
· Emergency medical services
· Hazardous materials response
· Confined space and collapse rescue
· Water rescue
· Inspections
· Community outreach
Published Jan 30, 2013


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AURORA, Ill., Allstate Insurance Company released its 12th annual America's Best Drivers Report®, and Aurora ranked 83rd safest among America's 200 largest cities in terms of collision frequency. The report underscores Allstate's commitment to safety. Allstate's report found the average driver in Aurora will experience an auto collision every 9.4 years, compared to the national average of every 10 years.
This year Brownsville, Texas, claimed the overall top spot for the first time in the report's 12-year history. The average Brownsville driver experiences an auto collision every 14.6 years, which is 31.4 percent less likely than the national average.
Illinois Best Drivers Ranking
Joliet 55
Rockford 57
Aurora 83
Naperville 83
Chicago 133
"As Aurora drivers get on the road this summer, the results of our report are an important reminder to put safety first while on the road," said Jim Towns, Allstate agency owner in Aurora. "We encourage motorists in Aurora to continue practicing safe-driving skills that can help reduce roadway collisions, which may have unfortunate consequences, such as tragic fatalities and potentially higher insurance costs."
National safety experts say drivers are now spending more time on the road and suffering more fatal collisions than recent years. The U.S. Department of Transportation says that from March 2015 to February 2016 Americans drove 3.15 trillion miles, an increase of more than 3 percent over the previous 12 months and the largest year-to-year increase in over two decades. According to the National Safety Council, more than 38,000 roadway fatalities occurred last year, the highest count since 2008 .
Preventable human factors, like drunk, distracted or drowsy driving; speeding; and failure to use safety features contribute to 94 percent of car crashes. Allstate created its America's Best Drivers Report to facilitate an ongoing dialogue about safe driving, to help save lives.
Visit www.allstate.com/BestDriversReport for an interactive map of complete results for this year and for historical collision-frequency rankings from the past 12 years.
Allstate's report is the result of an in-depth examination of company claims data, to determine the likelihood drivers in America's 200 largest cities will experience a vehicle collision compared to the national average. This year, Allstate actuaries analyzed property damage claims reported during the two-year period of January 2013 to December 2014. A weighted average of the two-year numbers determines the annual percentages.
The report defines a collision as any auto crash resulting in a property damage claim. Allstate's auto policies represent nearly 10 percent of all U.S. auto policies, making this report a realistic snapshot of what's happening on America's roadways.
For the second straight year, the report also provides insight into braking habits in more than 100 cities across the country, using hard-braking data culled from Allstate's Drivewise® offering, an innovative technology that enables consumers to monitor their driving habits to improve safety and gain rewards on their insurance.
A hard-braking event is defined as slowing down eight miles per hour or more over a one-second period. Allstate found a correlation between hard braking and collision frequency. Cities with higher collision frequencies also recorded more hard-braking events.
Nationally, on average, a driver will experience 19 hard-braking events for every 1,000 miles driven. Drivers in these Illinois cities have the following average hard-breaking events per 1,000 miles driven:
Average Hard-Braking Events per 1,000 miles
Joliet 17.4
Rockford 15.3
Aurora 19.3
Naperville 18.6
Chicago 22.6
Driving tips for cities with high braking activity:
• Leave room between you and other vehicles. Hard-braking collisions often occur when drivers are following each other too closely causing rear-end collisions. Try to avoid rear-end collisions by leaving more space and time to react to other vehicles' actions.
• Minimize distractions while driving. Distracted driving is one of the main causes for collisions. Common driving distractions include eating, grooming, talking on a cell phone or texting, interacting with other passengers, adjusting navigation devices and playing loud music.
Driving tips for cities with high levels of precipitation:
• Be aware of road conditions. Ice, snow, fog, rain - all of these weather conditions require extra caution and slower speeds. Stopping safely in rain and snow takes greater lengths of roadway than in dry conditions.
• Maintain your vehicle to prepare for extreme weather. Headlights and brake lights are critical in low visibility situations - be sure they are consistently maintained along with other critical car functions such as brakes and windshield wipers.
About Allstate
The Allstate Corporation (NYSE: ALL) is the nation's largest publicly held personal lines insurer, protecting approximately 16 million households from life's uncertainties through auto, home, life and other insurance offered through its Allstate, Esurance, Encompass and Answer Financial brand names. Now celebrating its 85th anniversary as an insurer, Allstate is widely known through the slogan "You're In Good Hands With Allstate®." The Allstate brand's network of small businesses offers auto, home, life and retirement products and services to customers in the United States and Canada. In 2015, The Allstate Foundation, Allstate, its employees and agency owners gave $36 million to support local communities. Allstate employees and agency owners donated 230,000 hours of service across the country.
i. The Allstate America's Best Drivers Report® tabulates property damage frequency of Allstate insured drivers from 2013-2014.The report analyzes the 200 largest cities from the U.S. Census Bureau's Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places over 50,000, measured for 2014 as of July 1, 2015. In prior years, neighboring cities that shared zip codes also shared rankings. This only impacted a minimal number of cities; however, since 2014, the report used geolocation to increase accuracy and there are no longer shared rankings. U.S. Census Bureau data was used to obtain the population density factor. For the precipitation factor, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data was utilized. Allstate Drivewise® data is based on Allstate customers voluntarily enrolled in the telematics program from 2010-2015. A number of cities from the full 200 Best Drivers rankings are excluded in the Drivewise data due to the limited measurable data available, or because Drivewise was not available (California, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas). The Allstate Best Drivers Report is produced solely to boost the country's discussion about safe driving and to increase awareness of the importance of being safe and attentive behind the wheel. The report is not used to determine auto insurance rates.
ii. 2016, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/travel_monitoring/16febtvt/page2.cfm
iii. 2016, National Safety Council Motor Vehicle Fatality Estimate, http://www.nsc.org/Connect/NSCNewsReleases/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=103&var=hp4
iv. 2016, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, http://www.nhtsa.gov/About+NHTSA/Press+Releases/nhtsa-sees-roadway-deaths-increasing-02052016
v. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, www.distraction.gov
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Students from Western Carolina University's Theatre in Education program return this month for encore performances of Young Cherokee at 10 a.m. Tuesday, Sept. 19, at the Cherokee Fairgrounds Pavilion. The event, which is free and open to the public, also features Cherokee artists, storytellers and performers.
The dramatic production closes a year in which WCU students hosted theatre workshops for Cherokee students and produced Young Cherokee, an educational play that WCU students adapted to better reflect the stories and beliefs of the members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and then performed for school-age audiences.
Their goal was to promote cultural understanding through performing the story of a young Cherokee boy who accepts responsibility, overcomes fear and shows respect for all things as he battles an Underwater Panther and a Thunderbird.
The goal of the Theatre in Education program, designed by Glenda Hensley and Claire Eye, visiting assistant professors in the department of communication, theatre and dance, was to help WCU students create and perform high-quality productions that also are educationally relevant.
The program combined arts-based learning, service to the community, and the need for cultural and environmental literacy. Hensley and Eye were invited to talk about the program at multiple conferences, including the American Alliance for Theatre and Education conference this summer in Washington, D.C. Their next presentation will be Sept. 14 at a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning conference at N.C. State University.
The finale performance in Cherokee will create the bridge to this year's program as we integrate new class members and launch a new year of arts and educational learning, service and creative partnerships, Hensley said. Our many partners and friends in Cherokee helped bring this program to life.
For more information, contact Hensley at (828) 227-2469 or email@example.com or Eye at (828) 227-3961 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
| Maintained by the WCU Office of Public Relations
Last modified: Monday, September 11, 2006
Copyright 2006 by Western Carolina University


text:
I have not tested VLAN on m0n0wall yet. Before I do I have a couple of
questions for experienced users.
I have searched the FAQ and the list-archive but I did'nt find the answers.
(That I wanted ... ;)
1) Is VLAN the same as on for example a Cisco-switch?
That is, trunking with VTP and 802.1q compatible with a Cisco-net?
2) Is CaptivePortal-interface one VLAN or the physical interface?
CAN I use CaptivPortal on more then one VLAN? (Different segments.)
3) Can I use DHCP on 3 different VLANs? (Different DHCP-scopes.)
4) Any difference with more then one DHCP-scope using "internal server" or
Tanks in advance,
Chatt: Träffa nya nätkompisar på Habbo Hotel


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Robert Downey Jr.
He's always been a snappy dresser, so it's no wonder Robert Downey Jr is the front page poser for the Summer Style issue from GQ magazine.
The "Iron Man" hunk looks dapper in his snazzy photo shoot as he chats about his view of failure- "As far as straight-up failure, I don't want to talk about failure. I want to talk about moments of humility. Like when you feel suddenly sick and embarrassed but then you have to continue on to the next moment immediately in full view of others. Because it's not failure if you just recognize, I fell short, and that's okay."
Never one to hold his tongue, Robert Downey Jr opened up about his fondness for filming with his "Iron Man" costar Gwyneth Paltrow during Wednesday's (May 4) episode of "The Howard Stern Show."
The "Sherlock Holmes" stud confessed, "I guess I can dream a little bit. My free pass is — because her and [my wife] Susan are such good friends — is Paltrow. I gotta get her back in these movies so I can make out with her onscreen again."
Robert Downey Jr. told Chris Evans to "man up" when his co-star freaked out before the "Captain AMerica: CIvil War" premiere.
Chris, who portrays the superhero Captain America, has attended plenty of premieres for the Marvel franchise but that doesn't stop him being nervous ahead of certain public appearances, and Robert had to give him a pep talk ahead of the Los Angeles premiere on Tuesday (April 12) because he would not calm down.
With only eight weeks to go until "Captain America: Civil War" explodes onto the silver screen, Marvel Studios and Walt Disney Pictures is building the hype with a new preview teaser.
The next chapter of the superhero epic stars Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Anthony Mackie, Robert Downey Jr, Elizabeth Olsen, Jeremy Renner and Paul Rudd and opens nationwide on May 6th.
Fans are chomping at the bit ahead of the release of "Captain America: Civil War" and Entertainment Weekly is featuring Chris Evans and Robert Downey Jr on the latest cover.
In the interview, Evans notes, "In most of the movies, there's no question who we should be siding with. We all agree Nazis are bad, aliens from space are bad."
Adding another exciting chapter to the already-impressive film franchise, "Captain America: Civil War" just unleashed a thrilling new trailer for all to enjoy.
Starring Chris Evans, Robert Downey Jr, Scarlett Johansson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Rudd, Emily VanCamp and Anthony Mackie, the much-anticipated flick is slated to hit theaters on May 6th, 2016.
Jennifer Lawrence has been named the most valuable star in the world ahead of Robert Downey Jr and Leonardo DiCaprio.
The Hunger Games actress topped the list, compiled by editors of Vulture, which takes into account criteria including box office revenues, social media mentions and like-ability.
Kicking off the week with some media duties, Robert Downey Jr showed up at Rockefeller Center in New York City for an appearance on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" last night (April 27).
The "Judge" star was in the house to plug his new movie "Avengers: Age of Ultron," though he quickly ended up in one of Fallon's hilarious segments called "Emotional Interview." Jimmy asked, "When did you know you wanted to be an actor?" and Robert replied in his 'annoyingly philosophical' manner, "To know is to understand and the question is already answered in its asking."
He's a man of many talents, and it turns out Robert Downey Jr has a knack for having super-adorable kids.
Last night (April 23) the "Iron Man" hunk showed up on "The Late Show with David Letterman" and he brought a photograph of his daughter Avri, born back in November of 2014.
Showing some love to their British fans, the stars of "Avengers: Age of Ultron" showed up at Westfield London for the big European premiere on Tuesday afternoon (April 21).
Robert Downey Jr looked to be in good spirits as he smiled for the shutterbugs and waved to the crowd along with Chris Evans, Elizabeth Olsen, Jeremy Renner, Chris Hemsworth and Scarlett Johansson.
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Europe braced itself for the invasion. After a slow start (when the Suez war slashed transatlantic bookings by 25%), 1957 promises to topple even the lofty travel records set by wandering Americans last year. Travel agents estimate that more than 2,000,000 U.S. citizens this year will leave North America, v. 1,850,000 last year, and that they will spend $2.14 billion v. $1.86 billion in 1956. On the Atlantic run, ship lines expect to carry more passengers than in 1956, when they loaded 1,004,000. Though five additional liners (total: 76) are plying the route, it was virtually impossible last week to...
Business: Grand Tour
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I was very tempted to go to Maker Faire Africa this year, but the business I had in Nairobi fell through, and I opted to spend this weekend preparing for Burning Man instead. (Tough choice!) They've just posted a "meet the makers" short video. Looks chilly in Nairobi this week!
Maker Faire is a great event and I am pleased the momentum has carried through from the first Maker Faire Africa, held in Ghana last year (and mentioned on Bikejuju here).
As you can see, though, despite the vibrancy of the grassroots bicycle and bicycle design sectors in Africa, they are under-represented at Maker Faire Africa, especially when you compare it to the US Maker Faires, where there is always lots of bikey fun. From a distance it seems there are even fewer bicycle projects in Nairobi than last year in Accra. I have a little dream that we could use the Maker Faire Africa gathering in 2011 or 2012 as a place to bring together the African grassroots bicycle sector. What do you think?


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Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.
Nearly three years of Envisat altimetric observations over ocean are available in Geophysical Data Record (GDR) products. The quality assessment of these data is routinely performed at the CLS Space Oceanography Division in the frame of the CNES Segment Sol Altimétrie et Orbitographie (SSALTO) and ESA French Processing and Archiving Center (F-PAC) activities. This paper presents the main results in terms of Envisat data quality: verification of data availability and validity, monitoring of the most relevant altimeter (ocean1 retracking) and radiometer parameters, assessment of the Envisat altimeter system performances. This includes a cross-calibration analysis of Envisat data with Jason-1, ERS-2 and T/P. Envisat data show good general quality. A good orbit quality and a low level of noise allow Envisat to reach the high level of accuracy of other precise missions such as T/P and Jason-1. Some issues raised in this paper, as the gravity induced orbit errors, will be solved in the next version of GDR products. Some others, as the Envisat Mean Sea Level in the first year, still need further investigation.
Since its launch in March 2002, the European earth observation satellite Envisat has been providing measurements of the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice. This advanced polar-orbiting satellite ensures the continuity of the altimetric observations started with the ERS-1 satellite in 1991, but with higher precision. Among many instruments, the satellite carries a new generation of dual frequency radar altimeter (RA-2) which allows correction of ionosphere effects, a microwave radiometer (MWR) and a laser reflector and a Doris receiver which highly improve the accuracy of the orbit determination.
Extensive work has been produced during the Envisat verification phase by the Cross-Calibration and Validation Team (CCVT) to check the quality of the Envisat altimetric measurements. Since September 2003, the GDR products have been routinely produced and disseminated. Envisat altimeter system quality is continuously checked by the Quality Working Group (QWG) members. First results from GDR data have been presented during the 2004 Symposium meeting in Salzburg (e.g. Dorandeu et al. 2004 [
This paper is basically concerned with long-term monitoring of the Envisat altimeter system over ocean. Indeed continuous quality control of the altimetric data is essential. These data are used by many applications, from scientific research to operational oceanography, that require a high level of accuracy. Improving altimetric data performances should also help developing new applications.
Data from GDR cycles 10 through 38 spanning nearly three years have been used for this analysis. All relevant altimeter parameters deduced from Ocean 1 retracking, radiometer parameters and geophysical corrections are evaluated and tested. This work is routinely performed at CLS, as part of the SSALTO and funded by ESA through F-PAC activities. In this frame, besides continuous analyses in terms of altimeter data quality, Envisat GDR Quality Assessment Reports (e.g. Faugere et al. 2003 [
The work performed in terms of data quality assessment also includes cross-calibration with Jason-1, ERS-2 and T/P. This kind of comparisons between coincident altimeter missions provides a large number of estimations and consequently efficient long-term monitoring of instrument measurements. This enables the detection of instrument drifts and inter-mission biases essential to obtain a consistent multi-satellite data set. Envisat Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) are also compared to an independent dataset, a tide gauge network.
After a preliminary section describing the data used, the paper is split into four main sections: first, data coverage and measurement validity issues are presented. Second, monitoring of the main altimeter and radiometer parameters is performed, describing the major impact in terms of data accuracy. Then, performances are assessed and discussed with respect to the major sources of errors. Finally, Envisat Sea Surface height (SSH) bias and MSL issues are analyzed.
Envisat Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) from cycle 10 to cycle 38 have been used to derive the results presented in this paper. This corresponds to a nearly three-year time period spanning from September 30th 2002 to July 11th 2005. The routine production started on September 2003 with cycle 15. In parallel, a backward reprocessing of cycle 14 to 9 has been implemented. With only 7 days of available data, cycle 9 has not been used in this work. Note that cycles 1 to 8, corresponding to the in-flight calibration period, have not been disseminated by ESA. All these data have been processed in the same ground processing version except cycles 15 to 18. On November 26th 2003, the Instrument Processor Facility (IPF) version changed from 4.55 to 4.56. Consequently, from cycle 19 onwards and for the reprocessed cycles 10 to 14, the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) evaluation and the Intermediate Frequency (IF) mask correction (with slight impact on the data) have been modified.
To perform this quality assessment work, conventional validation tools are used including editing procedures, crossover analysis, collinear differences, and a large number of statistical monitoring and visualization tools. All these tools are integrated and maintained as part of the CNES SSALTO (Segment Sol Altimétrie et Orbitographie) ground segment and F-PAC (French Processing and Archiving Centre) tools operated at CLS premises. Each cycle is carefully routinely analyzed before data release to end users. The main data quality features are reported in a cyclic quality assessment report (Faugere et al., 2003 [
As for all other existing altimeters, the Envisat GDR data are ingested in the Calval 1-Hz altimeter database maintained by the CLS Spatial Oceanography Division. This allows us to cross-calibrate and cross-compare Envisat data to other missions. In this study data from Jason-1 (from GDRs cycles 27 to 129), ERS-2 (from OPRs cycles 78 to 105), and TOPEX tandem data (from T/P MGDR_B cycles 370 to 472) are used. Jason-1 is the most suitable for Envisat cross calibration as it is available throughout the Envisat mission and has been extensively calibrated to T/P (Dorandeu et al., 2004b [
Most of this work has been carried out using parameters available in the GDR products. However, a few updates have been necessary to complete the analyses. First, as Jason-1 doesn't fly at the same altitude as Envisat, and ERS-2 has a mono-frequency altimeter on-board, it is not possible to use these satellites to assess the Envisat ionosphere path delay. Thus the JPL GPS-based global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) containing the vertical ionospheric total electron content are used here. Then, another set of orbits have been tested. They have been generated by the DEOS institute at Delft Institute of technology using the Grace Gravity Model EIGEN-GRACE01S instead of GRIM5 (Doornbos et al., 2005 [
This section mainly intends to analyze the ability of the Envisat altimeter system to correctly sample ocean surfaces. This obviously includes the tracking capabilities, but also the frequency of unavailable data and the ratio of valid measurements likely to be used by applications after the editing process.
From a theoretical ground track, a dedicated collocation tool allows determination of missing measurements relative to what is nominally expected. The cycle by cycle percentage of missing measurements over ocean has been plotted in
The Envisat MWR provides nearly 100% availability of data since the beginning of the mission (Dedieu et al., 2005 [
Data editing is necessary to remove altimeter measurements having lower accuracy. The first step of the editing procedure consists in removing data impacted by the S-Band anomaly or corrupted by sea ice. During the Commissioning Phase, it has been discovered that the RA-2 data are affected by the so-called S-Band anomaly. The anomaly results in the accumulation of the S-Band echo waveforms (Laxon and Roca, 2002 [
Since Envisat operates between ±82° of latitude, sea ice is an important issue for oceanic applications. No ice flag is currently available in the Envisat products, therefore alternate sea ice detection techniques are employed in order to retain only open ocean data. A study performed during the validation phase showed that the combination of altimetric and radiometric criteria was particularly efficient to flag most of the data over ice. The method is described in detail in (Faugere et al, 2003 [
The second step of the editing procedure consists in using thresholds on several parameters., The minimum and maximum thresholds used in the routine quality assessment are given in (Faugere et al., 2004 [
The percentage of edited measurements over ocean for the main altimeter and radiometer parameters has been plotted in
It has been necessary to apply additional editing criteria on SSH-MSS differences in order to remove remaining spurious data. The first criterion consists in removing measurements with SSH-MSS greater than 2m. The ratio is plotted in
The Envisat editing ratios are significantly lower than those observed on other altimeters like Jason or T/P. In
All GDR fields are systematically checked and carefully monitored as part of the Envisat routine calibration and validation tasks. However, only the main Ku-band parameters are presented here, as they are the most significant in terms of data quality and instrumental stability. Furthermore, all statistics are computed on valid ocean datasets after the editing procedure.
As part of the ground segment processing, a regression is performed to derive the 1 Hz range from 20 Hz data. Through an iterative regression process, elementary ranges too far from the regression line are discarded until convergence is reached. The mean number and RMS of Ku 20Hz elementary data used to compute the 1Hz average are plotted in
The off-nadir angle is estimated from the waveform shape during the altimeter processing. The square of the off-nadir angle is plotted in
The cycle by cycle mean and standard deviation of Ku and S-band SWH are plotted in
The cycle by cycle mean and standard deviation Ku and S-band Sigma0 are plotted in
As performed on TOPEX (Le Traon et al. 1994 [
A neural network formulation has been used in the inversion algorithm retrieving the wet troposphere correction from the measured brightness temperatures (Obligis et al., 2005 [
One of the main objectives of the Calibration and Validation activities is to assess the performance of the whole altimeter system. This means that the quality of each parameter of the product is evaluated, in particular if it is likely to be used in the Sea Surface Height (SSH) computations. Conventional tools like crossover differences and repeat-track analyses are systematically used in order to monitor the quality of the system.
The standard SSH calculation for Envisat is defined as
The orbit and corrections used for Envisat, Jason-1 and T/P are detailed in
The Envisat SSB currently available in the GDR products has been designed during the validation phase from 3 cycles of data (10 to 12) (Labroue 2003 [
A spectral analysis has been carried out during the validation phase (Faugere et al., 2003 [
Using an along-track filtering method (Tran et al. 2002 [
SSH crossover differences are computed on a one-cycle basis, with a maximum time lag of 10 days, in order to reduce the impact of ocean variability which is a source of error in the performance estimation. The mean of crossover differences represents the average of SSH differences between ascending and descending passes. This difference can reflect orbit errors or errors in geophysical corrections. The fact that Envisat is Sun-synchronous can play a role since the ascending passes and descending passes respectively cross the equator at 10pm local time and 10am local time. Thus all the parameters with a daily cycle can induce errors resulting in ascending/descending differences. The error observed at crossovers can be split into two types: the time invariant errors and the time varying errors.
To analyze the time invariant errors, we have computed local averages of crossover differences over approximately one year (cycles 25 to 35). The map of the mean differences at crossovers is shown in
Besides the systematic ascending-descending errors, a time varying error can also be observed at crossovers. The cyclic mean ascending–descending SSH differences at crossovers shows this error in
In order to better analyze such annual signals, a sinusoidal function with a 365-day period has been fitted to mean crossover differences averaged into 10×10 degree bins:
Where t is the time in days, A the amplitude and φ the phase.
Only open ocean data are used in this analysis. Latitudes higher than 70 degree are also removed because the seasonal data unavailability at high latitudes corrupts the estimation of the annual signal. Regions of high mesoscale variability are also removed to reduce noise. After smoothing, the amplitude A of the estimated sinusoidal signal has been plotted in
The variance of crossover differences conventionally gives an estimate of the overall altimeter system performance. Indeed, it gathers error sources coming from orbit, geophysical corrections, instrumental noise, and part of the ocean variability. The standard deviation of the Envisat SSH crossover differences has been plotted in
In order to compare Envisat and Jason-1 performances at crossovers, Envisat and Jason-1 crossovers have been computed on the same area excluding latitude higher than 50 degree, shallow waters and using exactly the same interpolation scheme to compute SSH values at crossover locations. Performances at crossovers are compared, for the two satellites on
To estimate accurately the Envisat mean sea level bias and trend, two factors have to be taken into account. First, as previously mentioned, the range has to be corrected to compensate for the Ultra Stable Oscillator drift. The distributed correction is smoothed over a 1-month period to filter peaks and short period variations. The cyclic mean of the USO correction is plotted in
Envisat Mean Sea Level (MSL) estimations are plotted in
In order to compare Envisat and Jason-1 SSH estimations, 10-day dual crossovers have been computed for each Envisat cycle. The same ECMWF correction has been used for both Jason-1 and Envisat to avoid potential radiometer errors.
Finally MSL estimations from Envisat, Jason-1 and T/P have been compared. The results are obtained after area weighting (Dorandeu and Le Traon 1999 [
Tide gauges provide independent measurements of sea surface height variations. Long term altimeter monitoring using a global tide gauge network was successfully performed by Mitchum [
The same SSH calculation technique as previously is used but without applying the USO correction. The cyclic mean of the difference is plotted in
To avoid this, a long wave length error correction has been performed by global minimization of crossover differences using a 1 and 2 cycles/revolution sinusoidal model. Using this correction, less time series have been edited during the tide gauge selection, meaning that the consistency between the 2 datasets has been improved. The new estimated trend, plotted in
A statistical evaluation of Envisat altimetric measurements over ocean has been presented in this paper. With nearly three years of data now available in a homogeneous time series, Envisat altimetric measurements show good general results. A very good availability on every surface and very low editing ratios over ocean are observed. One of the major improvements of the RA-2 with respect to ERS RA is the S-band allowing range corrections due to ionospheric effects. However the so-called S-Band anomaly impacts more than 4 % of the available data on average. This ratio has been improved since cycle 31 and a method is currently under development to reconstruct the impacted S-band waveforms. The ocean-1 altimeter parameters are stable, compared to Jason-1 and ERS-2. The MWR wet troposphere correction has a small trend relative to the ECMWF model. Both high frequency and crossover analysis show that Envisat has performances similar to Jason-1. The time invariant errors, observed on the crossover mean, are mainly due to gravity induced orbit errors and are well corrected by the use of a Grace Gravity model. The time varying errors have to be analysed further to confirm the possible aliasing effect of oceanic tide components. Envisat MSL global trend is consistent to Jason-1 and T/P on the two last years of the period. However, the issue of the unexplained behavior of the first year still remains.
A new configuration will be operational in September 2005 and a reprocessing of the whole Envisat altimetric mission is expected to start early 2006. Several improvements in terms of data quality will be included in this new version of GDR products, for instance a new orbit configuration, an improved Sea State bias modeling and new geophysical corrections such as the correction of High Frequency Ocean signals. These new products will further improve the high quality level of the Envisat altimetric mission and will make easier the data fusion for multi-mission altimetry, as is essential for oceanography applications such as mesoscale current mapping and forecasting, and for climate studies.
This work has been funded by ESA through ENVISAT F-PAC activities. The quality assessment activities described in this paper are embedded in the CNES SSALTO. The authors would like to thank M. Ablain, G. Dibarboure, S. Labroue, E. Obligis and F. Mertz who contributed to this work through numerous discussions and technical help.
a) Monitoring of the percentage of missing measurements relative to what is theoretically expected over ocean. b) Envisat missing measurements for cycle 25.
Cycle by cycle percentages of missing MWR measurements.
Cycle by cycle percentages of data impacted by the S-Band anomaly.
Cycle per cycle percentages of edited measurements by the main Envisat altimeter and radiometer parameters: a) Standard deviation of 20 Hz range measurements > 25 cm, Number of 20-Hz range measurements < 10. b) Square of off-nadir angle (from waveforms) out of the [-0.2 deg2, 0.16 deg2] range. Dual frequency ionosphere correction out of [-40, 4 cm]. c) Ku-band significant wave height > 11 m, Ku band backscatter coefficient out of the [7 dB, 30 dB] range. d) MWR wet troposphere correction out of the [-50 cm, -0.1 cm] range. e) SSH-MSS out of the [-2, 2m] and edited using thresholds on the mean and standard deviation of SSH-MSS on each pass.
Comparison of Envisat edited measurement to Jason-1. Maps of rejected measurements, with the same editing procedure for: a) 10 days of Envisat cycle 38 b) the corresponding Jason-1 cycle 128. c) Percentage of edited measurements, over ocean, for the two satellites, from the beginning of the Envisat mission.
a) Cycle mean of the number of 20 Hz elementary range measurements used to compute 1 Hz range. b) Cycle mean of the standard deviation of 20 Hz measurements.
Cycle mean of the square of the off-nadir angle deduced from waveforms (deg2).
Global statistics (m) of Envisat Ku and S SWH a) Mean and b) Standard deviation. c) Mean Envisat-Jason-1 Ku SWH differences at 3h EN/J1 crossovers computed with 120 days running means. d) Mean. ERS-2-Envisat Ku SWH collinear differences over the Atlantic Ocean.
Global statistics (dB) of Envisat Ku and S Sigma0 a) Mean and b) Standard deviation. c) Mean Envisat-Jason-1 Ku Sigma0 differences at 3h EN/J1 crossovers computed with 120 days running means. d) Mean ERS-2-Envisat Ku Sigma0 collinear differences over the Atlantic Ocean.
Comparison of global statistics of Envisat dual-frequency and JPL-GIM ionosphere corrections (cm). a) Cycle mean of dual-frequency and GIM correction. b) Mean of the differences c) Standard deviation of the differences.
Comparison of global statistics of Envisat MWR and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections (cm). a) Cycle mean of MWR and ECMWF corrections. b) Mean of the differences. c) Standard deviation of the differences.
Power spectrum of (a) 20 Hz Envisat SSH, (b) 20 Hz Jason-1 SSH, (c) 1 Hz Envisat SSH, (d) 1 Hz Jason-1 SSH.
Maps of the σ[HF(SSHJason-1-MSS]]- σ[HF(SSHEnvisat-MSS]] (cm) in (4deg × 4 deg) geographical bins through a 35-day period (cycle Envisat 23) where σ[HF(SSH-MSS;] is the standard deviation of the high frequency part of the SSH–MSS signal.
Maps of the time invariant 35-day crossover mean differences (cm) for Envisat averaged in (4deg × 4 deg) geographical bins through a one year period (cycle 25-35) a) using GDRs POE orbit (GRIM5 gravity model) and b) using Delft POE orbit (EIGEN-GRACE01S gravity model;.
Time varying 35-day crossover mean differences (cm). a) Cycle per cycle Envisat crossover mean differences. An annual cycle is clearly visible. Diamonds: shallow waters (1000 m) are excluded. Triangles: shallow waters excluded, latitude within [−50S, +50N], high ocean variability areas excluded b) Map of the geographic distribution of the amplitude of the annual cycle of the crossover means shown in a) averaged in 10deg × 10deg geographical bins (after smoothing).
a) Standard deviation (cm) of Envisat 35-day SSH crossover differences depending on data selection. Dots: without any selection. Diamonds: shallow waters (1000 m) are excluded. Triangles: shallow waters excluded, latitude within [−50S, +50N], high ocean variability areas excluded. b) Comparison of the Standard deviation (cm) of Envisat (dot) and Jason-1 (diamond) 10-day SSH crossover differences.
USO correction computed from auxiliary files. The raw correction is averaged over 1 month.
Mean of Envisat sea level depending on data selection. Dots: without any selection. Diamonds: shallow waters (1000 m) are excluded. Triangles: shallow waters excluded, latitude within [−50S, +50N], high ocean variability areas excluded.
Mean of Envisat –Jason-1 differences at 10-day dual crossovers. Dots: Global. Diamonds: Northern Hemisphere. Triangle: Southern Hemisphere.
Envisat, Jason-1 and T/P global MSL trends a) over the whole Envisat mission, b) over the two first years of Envisat mission (cycle 10 to 29), c) over the two last years of Envisat mission (cycle 19 to 38).
Comparison of Envisat MSL to tide gauges. a) No USO correction applied and no long wave length error applied (dots), No USO correction applied and but a long wave length applied (diamonds); b) USO correction applied and a long wave length applied.
Description of the SSH corrections.
|CNES POE (grim5)
|Additional Range correction
|USO correction
|Non parametric SSB (GDR)
|Non parametric SSB (Labroue and Gaspar, 2002 [
|Wet troposphere
|For performance assessment: MWR
|Dry troposphere
|Based on ECMWF sea level pressure, rectangular grids
|Dual-frequency altimeter (filter 300km)
|Inverse barometer
|Based on ECMWF sea level pressure relative to global mean, rectangular grids
|Pole tide, solid earth tide, GOT00.2 ocean and load tides
|Mean sea surface


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Reader comments
On How often do you wear a seat belt?
BABBOY 4 years, 6 months ago
Well the car beeps at you if you do not........
GUMnNUTS 4 years, 6 months ago
Same here, damn Germans.
LogicMan 4 years, 6 months ago
Verrückt Amerikaners!
RaynRavyn 4 years, 6 months ago
Knew a guy once who cut the latch off the belt, clicked it in the reciever, and killed the beeping. Went along great till he got pulled over for a missing headlight and the officer saw it... THAT was an interesting ticket. Something about tampering with safety equipment or somesuch.....
gccs14r 4 years, 6 months ago
There's a seatbelt demonstrator that is used in high schools to show the kids how well they work. Anyone who receives a seatbelt ticket should have to go for a ride in the demonstrator and watch a few ejection videos.
Mike Edson 4 years, 6 months ago
Not so much in town unless there is a KU game or the students are getting back from break. Traffic can be crazy and unpredictable during those times.
gccs14r 4 years, 6 months ago
So you think 30 mph isn't dangerous? Try running into a tree on foot. Now imagine slamming your chest into the steering wheel at three times that speed.
George_Braziller 4 years, 6 months ago
Or being hit head-on from someone who is also driving 30 mph. The total impact force is close to driving 60 mph into the same tree.
George_Braziller 4 years, 6 months ago
Two identical 1982 Ford Fairmonts driving 30 mph and having a head-on collision has double the force on impact of one driving into a stone wall at the same speed.
George_Braziller 4 years, 6 months ago
Don't think it really matters what the impact speed is if you aren't wearing a seat belt and are dead after going face first through the windshield.
Liberty275 4 years, 6 months ago
"So you think 30 mph isn't dangerous?"
In a modern car, 30 MPH is not dangerous enough to warrant seat belt use. Between crumple zones and airbags, you are pretty safe.
George_Braziller 4 years, 6 months ago
Ever been rear-ended at a stoplight at that speed? Even wearing a seat belt you bounce around like a rubber ball.
optimist 4 years, 6 months ago
It's never a bad idea to wear your seat belt. I make it a point to wear mine pretty much anytime I am in the car. That said I don't approve of a law requiring adults to wear seat belts. It has no bearing on the safety of others and therefore should not be legislated. Before those of you out there make the silly point that we all pay when someone is injured I make two points: 1. if that is the standard for government to encroach on civil liberties the bar is low and there is nothing government can't do to the individual, and 2. there are some occasions, though rare, that the seatbelt may cause injury or death. The bottom line, government should stay out of our business. It's not like any of us believe those making the laws to be the most ethical or competent people on the planet. Consider that when you ask for another law.
gccs14r 4 years, 6 months ago
"That said I don't approve of a law requiring adults to wear seat belts. It has no bearing on the safety of others and therefore should not be legislated."
It does bear on the safety of others. If you're not belted in, then you're using your hands and feet to try to stay in your seat instead of using them to guide the vehicle. Worse, you can be moved completely out of your seat or even out of the vehicle, at which point the vehicle has no guidance at all, nor is it going to stop until it hits something (else).
gccs14r 4 years, 6 months ago
As a followup to this, on YouTube there is a video of Jeremy Clarkson of Top Gear trying to spin donuts in a semi tractor while not belted in. Not only did he not manage to spin a donut, he took the shift lever up his bunghole when he fell out of the seat, and he lost control of the truck.
Kat Christian 4 years, 6 months ago
Okay those who DON"T wear their seatbelt - knock that arrogance and ignorance off your shoulder and "Buckle up for Safety". Take it from someone with experience. I was hit from behind and Thank God I had my seatbelt on, because had I NOT my face would have gone into the steering wheel or better yet windshield. Most likly breaking my jaw, nose or other bones in my face or causing brain damage. That seat belt ejected me backward into the seat. Yes I did get whiplash and endured a number of years of therapy with Chiropracters and massage therapist, but I can say today after 26 years I am without severe pain (though I still see a massage therapist on occasion to keep my neck limber). Better than dealing with a scared or deformed face or possible brain damage. All because I WORE MY SEATBELT. My rule whenever anyone gets into my car is I do not start the engine until everyone is buckled up and if someone unbuckles I pull over and stop the car until they rebuckle. "BUCKLE UP FOR SAFETY."
Leslie Swearingen 4 years, 6 months ago
Excellent comment. Thank you!
koman 4 years, 6 months ago
There should be a separate lane for anyone not wearing a seatbelt in a car, or a helmet on motorcycles - then that whole thing Darwin was working on would kick in and, over a few generations, the problem would take care of itself.
LadyJ 4 years, 6 months ago
I watched the LPD giving out tickets at a local elementary school to parents that did not have their kids in seat belts. The very next day those parents showed up with the kid still without a seat belt.
gccs14r 4 years, 6 months ago
When my nephews were little, I had zero trouble with getting them to buckle up. One, we didn't move unless they were buckled in, and two, they saw that I always used my seatbelt. Leading by example and being consisten can work.
Maddy Griffin 4 years, 6 months ago
The key doesn't even go into the ignition until everyone"makes it click."
Ralph Vickers 4 years, 6 months ago
IF the sate of Kansas is so set on enforcing the seat belt law, then why did the stupid legislatore repeal the helmet law for motorcycles. Wonder wht happens to a persons head when suddenly stopping and head hits a solid object? Just drop a watermelon ten feet to a payment. SQUISH!!!!!
whats_going_on 4 years, 6 months ago
ten feet to a payment?
hehe ;-)
whats_going_on 4 years, 6 months ago
It just feels "off" if I try to drive without it.
whats_going_on 4 years, 6 months ago
pun intended
Ron Holzwarth 4 years, 6 months ago
It is now 2013, and 1978 was 34 years ago. Well over 30,000 people a year are killed in car accidents in the USA, but it used to be much higher before the new cars came with all the safety equipment. So, that makes well over one million fatalities. That's actually very conservative.
Seat belts can cut that number down by more than half at least, careful driving by even more. So, out of over 1,000,000, there were 2 that died in that crash. And I wonder, was the driver sober? Plus there's another thing - if you have your seat belt on, you're much more likely to be less injured, and thus able to unlatch your seat belt. If you don't have it on, chances are good you won't be able to get out of the car. Maybe that's what happened.
Let me guess, you play the lottery and expect to win, right? One out of 500,000, happens all the time, right? That's how you make your life choices?
Plus, you might read the newspapers closely. In so many of the fatal accidents, the deceased did not have a seat belt on.
"It can't happen to me."
Ron Holzwarth 4 years, 6 months ago
Why did you put that posting there then?
I hit a tree head on at 65 mph, and was a passenger in a flip and roll, again at 65 mph. I was uninjured in the headon collision, and I scratched my wrists on the flip and roll, that's how my choices worked out for me, thanks to the use of my seat belt.
I could write plenty of horror stories of car accidents myself it if I chose to. But what you did is typical of someone who is making excuses for not wearing seat belts based on extremely limited data.
I've been studying the subject since 1970, so I have a head start.
Ron Holzwarth 4 years, 6 months ago
And yes, I do have a burning to death story too. I was almost involved in the accident myself. Everyone consoled themselves by saying "Well, he didn't scream, and blood was coming out of his mouth, so maybe he was dead already and didn't burn to death."
He left a widow and two young daughters. I missed being involved in that accident by maybe 15 to 20 minutes, due to a premonition that there was something terrible going to happen on that road real, real soon. So, I delayed my trip by a few minutes, and then I came upon the accident scene shortly after it was over.
I have premonitions quite often, as a guess, maybe 6 to 8 times a year.
Ron Holzwarth 4 years, 6 months ago
There are a couple reasons given for why motorcycle riders don't like to wear helmets, and one is that your peripheral vision is greatly reduced with some styles of helmets, so you're not as likely to see a car approaching from the side.
The other reason given is that with a helmet on, you can't hear a car approaching, and you won't know it's there.
When I was riding a motorcycle, and I still have my motorcycle license, I used to drive on almost deserted country rounds out in western Kansas, and cross country in the dirt. I suppose I wore a helmet once in a while, but with the relatively slow speeds I rode at, the very few cars around, and none out in the cross country dirt that I liked to ride on, it just didn't seem necessary.
Of course, on the roads around here, I would never dream of riding without a helmet - if I would dare to ride a motorcycle at all. Dirt biking was so much more fun anyway!
costello 4 years, 6 months ago
I started wearing my seat belt after a guy I went to high school with was killed at 10th and Kentucky in an accident he would have walked away from virtually unscathed if he'd had his seat belt on. Come to think of it, this may be the anniversary of his death. I believe it was Super Bowl Sunday, 1984?
He was about 23, married for 5 months, just started law school. He and his wife had just left church and were driving down Kentucky Street when another driver failed to stop at the stop sign at 10th street. The impact just behind his door, caused it to fly open and he was thrown out and killed.
I've never failed to wear a seat belt since, and twice I've had occasion to be grateful for it.
costello 4 years, 6 months ago
Indeed this is the 29th anniversary of his death. I couldn't find his obit or the news stories about the accident, but I found him at the find a grave site: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=44836139
verity 4 years, 6 months ago
Probably owe my life to a seatbelt. Car t-boned by somebody running a red light. I had some damage, but walked away. Glasses were smashed on the pavement, which is probably where I would have been. I'm a believer.
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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
The staff was very friendly, I loved my room and the fact that you had a workout room and hot tub/sauna The internet was completely unreliable both nights that I stayed there.
Rooms smelled dirty/dusty and the entire place reeked of Glade to try to suppress the smell. Couldn't open windows to get fresh air and air vent system only worked partially. Blankets were so thin I got cold at night
The bed was very comfortable. It's very good value for money for the budget conscious.
Nice place for the amount of money. Was very nice
the staff were extremely accommodating and very friendly. i chose this hotel from a trip advising website and it stated that it was close to downtown. i was a little disappointed when i found out it was 25 min on the sky train which was a 10 min walk away.
It has full blown entertainment with the cable facility and the most is the unlimited supply of ice for the drink. yes! the secure parking as well. the coffee maker which doesn't work and the fridge wasn't that cold.
very best and comfortable
Very helpfull staff, quiet room and hotel, value for money Hotel was fine, internet terminals would have been nice.
staff was very nice
hotel staff cleanliness
Flexibility the booking... on arriving it appeared the booking wasn't alright
wifi was ok. basic and cheap. at first they gave us a room with heating full on, whereas it was summer, and it was broken so couldn't be turned off. so we didn't sleep well. when we complained they gave us another room it was okay. why didn't they give it to us in the first place, if it was available? and why not fix the broken heating? also, the rooms close to the front are much noisier than the ones in the back...


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There's two community events coming up in the Bay Area, both in their fourth year, and both of which I'm pleased that Adobe is participating in.
The first is Community Manager Appreciation Day – January 28th. #CMAD, as it's known on Twitter, is dedicated to highlighting the efforts of community managers – often the unsung heroes of a company.
If you're a community manager and will be in San Francisco on the 28th, Adobe, in cooperation with Altimeter, Autodesk, Yammer, Lithium, and The Community Roundtable, will be hosting a Happy Hour at District Wine Bar. Please RSVP here and we hope to see you there!
The other event is the Community Leadership Summit West, an all-day unconference on February 2nd. Community managers and unconferences are a great combination, and each year I come away impressed with the depth of discussion and the great insights displayed. Whether you are a professional community manager, or an active volunteer, CLSWest is worth your time. You'll meet some great people and learn a lot. You can sign up here.
I'll be at both events and hope to see you there!


text:
- 135 total posts
- 1 review
- 134 comments
Reviews & Stories
63 Days Post Op and doing well.
Hello, I am 42 years old, married with four wonderful children. I have wanted a tt for the last 10 years. I have just scheduled my surgery for June of 2012. I interviewed my last PS yesterday and chose him almost immediately following my interview. I have researched this particular PS for about a year along with several others. I have read every blog there is out there. To say the least, I... READ MORE
Recent comments from Mytime2shine
Thanks ladies, it's a long road to complete recovery but I am hopeful that I will get back to a normal physical state. I guess the older I am the longer it takes for me to heal. I should clarify that my lipo sites are still tender. I... READ COMMENT
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Great2BMe you are spot on from all the things I've read and with speaking to some of the physicians I know from my former employment. I am hopeful, just a minor setback but I will be ok. I will remove the packing tomorrow, not looking... READ COMMENT


text: Hi Jeff, Yes there is already a discussion on this. Best thing to do is not to use Firefox right now until the bug is fixed. I am using Chromium and or Opera right now. Best regards, Hans 2012/9/13 Jeff <dejamuse at yahoo.com> > I just upgraded the Firefox PBI to 15 and it's crashing and hanging right > and left, randomly it seems. > > Anyone else having this problem? I'm on PCBSD 9.0 > > Of course I could turn off all the add-ons since those are usually at > fault, but thought I'd check in here first. > > ...Jeff > > _______________________________________________ > Testing mailing list > Testing at lists.pcbsd.org > http://lists.pcbsd.org/mailman/listinfo/testing > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://lists.pcbsd.org/pipermail/testing/attachments/20120913/54f55a27/attachment.html>