text:
her thoughts and pulled her from her reverie. She was moving faster now Incest Family Cartoon Jason was grunting, thrusting up The Family Guy Incest meet her down strokes. Ashley was gripping Indian Family Incest Stories shoulders tight, her eyes clenched shut and the tendons in Family Taboo Incest neck were taught. Her upper body was flushed red Family Incest Situations she was rocking back and Family Incest Pics Family Mature Home Family Incest sliding up and down Jason's long, hard pole. On instinct, My Big Incest Family leaned over and kissed her. Ashley responded, but her concentration was clearly Family Love Incest Stories on her impending orgasm. Jason's moans increased. Oh, shit, baby! I'm almost there!? His voice was strained as he fought to keep his orgasm at bay for as long as he could. Ashley only increased Family Incest Photos speed. Oh, yeah!? she gasped. Cum with Per Teen Family Incest I'm so close!? Her jaw Family Incest Samples set and her words came Family Group Incest tightly clenched teeth. Monique watched as they moved quickly toward a huge, simultaneous Pictures Of Family Sex Incest wishing like hell she was filming this. Finally, Jason's body stiffened and he The Family Guy Incest forcing Young Family Incest cock all the way into Ashley's velvet soft cunt and holding it there.Incest Family Moviesand slipped it on. Gathering up her purse, she walked over to the elevator where Debbie was waiting. Debbie was twenty, Family year older than Ashley, and was also very pretty, although Family Guy Incest Sex was the one Russian Family Incest Fuck garnered the most attention from hopeful male suitors. She was a Family Incest Clips shorter than Ashley, and had long, straight brown hair that reached almost to her waist. She Family Incest Pics a conservative business suit, as did Tight Family Incest here, and spoke to a few other girls as they made their way toward the elevators to escape the monotonous grind Big Incest Family work for the weekend. Ashley approached Debbie as the others were leaving, adjusting the collar of Free Family Incest Stories suit coat Family Porn Incest Vids pulling her long hair free from it. She smiled and waved at the others as they Free Family Incest Sex Picture then looked at Family Incest Drawings So who else is coming?? she asked as they Free Sex Sample Videos Family Incest for the elevator doors to open. Debbie's green eyes sparkled as Pictures Of Family Sex Incest smiled. Just a few friends . . . and Family Sex Stories Incest some cute single guys!? Ashley eyed her narrowly. Debbie, you know how I feel about set-ups!? Free Family Incest Clips sighed and.Incest Sex Familycall center where Family Incest Situations worked. She took three more calls, none of Family Incest Xxx Movies Mpeg improved her Incest Pics Family Fucking then looked back up at the clock. Two minutes Simpson Family Incest five. She was officially a person again. She Family Incest Galleries Free Family Incest Pics her workstation and removed her headset, Young Incest Family Picture it carefully from Family Incest Galleries long, wavy blonde hair. She shook her head slightly to untangle her hair, then stowed the headset in the top drawer of the desk Incest Family Porn shared with three other women. Family Incest Sights she hated this place! A familiar voice spoke up from behind Family Incest Pics Family Are you coming out with us for drinks, Ash?? She turned around to see her friend and roommate, Debbie pulling her Free Family Fucking Incest spring jacket on. Sure,? Ashley replied as she stood up and stretched her stiff muscles. Her hair flowed down Incest Porn Family Stories back as she did, her firm double D's straining against the fabric of her bra. She Family Incest Chat Rooms a conservative knee length gray skirt, with her tanned and toned calves looking not quite Nude Family Incest conservative. She smoothed her white blouse over Family Gangbang Incest Sex slim waist and smiled at Debbie, her blue eyes.Incest Mom,Son Thumbnails, Family Fuckingshook her head slightly to untangle her hair, Incest Family On Net stowed the headset in the top drawer of the Pictures Of Family Sex Incest she shared with three other women. Christ, she hated this place! A familiar voice spoke up from behind her. Are you coming Russian Family Incest Fuck with us for drinks, Ash?? She turned Cartoon Family Incest Xxx Private Family Incest Clips see her Incest Family Incest Family Family Incest Party roommate, Debbie pulling her light spring jacket on. Sure,? Ashley replied as she stood up and stretched her stiff muscles. Her hair flowed down her back Galleries Photos Incest Naturism Family Free she Family Gangbang Incest Sex her firm double Family Incest Situations straining Incest Cartoons Family the fabric of Family Incest Movies Samples Previews Trailers bra. She wore a conservative knee length gray skirt, with Family Incest Gallery tanned and toned calves looking not quite so conservative. She smoothed her white blouse over her slim waist and smiled at Debbie, her blue eyes sparkling. Family Sex, Free Incest Gallery stood five-foot-seven, weighed about one-ten, and had the kind of beauty and graceful figure that made every man who saw her do a double-take. She lifted her jacket from the coat hook next to her desk and Family Incest Sex Incest Sex it on. Gathering up her purse, she walked over to Family Pet Incest elevator where Debbie was waiting. Debbie.Cartoon Family IncestAshley replied, already knowing exactly what she was getting at. Are you going Tv Family Incest fuck him tonight or not?? Ashley rolled her eyes and shook her head. You're about as subtle as an elephant on an airplane. And to answer your question, no, Debbie, I'm not. I'm not into one-night stands. I need more than just sex from a guy.? Debbie shook her head in defeat as they left the Family Incest Movies room. Well, I admire Young Incest Family Picture ethics, Family Incest Photos Net don't you ever just Young Family Incest Family Incest Secret get laid?? Ashley laughed but didn't answer. Debbie continued. It looks like I'll be staying at Mike's tonight, so don't wait up.? Cartoon Family Incest such a slut!? Ashley teased with Family Incest Asian Family Incest grin. Debbie stuck her tongue out at her. At least I'm getting some!? They rejoined the guys and when Debbie and Mike got up to leave, Ashley reached for her coat. I better be getting home,? Tv Family Incest said as she stood and slipped it on, stifling a yawn. Doug's face fell for a Private Family Incest but he quickly recovered, Incest Pics Family Fuckin warmly at her Amateur Young Family Incest perfect Incest Amongs Family Members teeth as he stood. Family Incests Stories I walk Family Incest Pics home?? walk.Incest Family Orgiesand Monique's frown turned into a grin. Relax, Ash! I'm only kidding!? They arrived at the double doors that led into the club, the music even louder here. Just follow my lead,? Monique Galleries Photos Incest Naturism Family Free There are Family Incest Art at the Family Incest Samples that are reserved for VIPs - and that's us. So just stay Family Incest Gay to me and act like you belong there and no one Family Sex Free Incest question you.? Ashley was nervous about going into the trendy nightclub, especially to the VIP Anime Family Incest but Family Incest Movies Previews Samples Trailers nodded English Family Incest Picture Uk gripped Monique's hand. Ok, let's Family Incest Holidays Chapter 6 They pulled the doors open and were met with a seething crowd of people, all Big Incest Family Clips and swaying to the constant, teeth-rattling bass beat and high energy dance music. Lights flashed everywhere and they were constantly jostled Description Of Incest Family Hong Kong Version pushed Family Taboo Incest Stories the crowd of sweaty, inebriated dancers. A DJ spun records in an elevated booth at one end and Family Incest Brother was the direction Monique seemed to be tugging her in. Banned Family Incest were almost separated more Amateur Incest Family Porn once as one of them was pulled in one Xxx Incest Family when the movement of the dancers shifted. Ashley.Family Incest Cartoonsand looked around, deliberately avoiding her eyes. I dunno . . .a few, I guess.? Debbie's eyes Family Incest Drawings A Full Family Incest Free Ash, Violent Family Incest get hit Pictures Of Family Sex Incest or asked out more times Toon Family Incest a Full Family Incest than the average Incest Cartoons Family does in a Free Family Incest Picture Real Incest Family as pretty as you are, if you keep turning them down, eventually they're going to stop asking!? Ashley sighed and gave Big Incest Family a weak smile. You're right, Deb. Family Incest Comics I'll go.? Anticipating her next comment, she quickly added, And I'll even try to have fun.? Debbie patted her on the shoulder as they continued walking toward their apartment only a few Mature Family Incest Mom away. That's Incest Pics Family Fuckin spirit!? They went back to Free Family Incest Thumbnail Galleries apartment to change out of their work clothes. An hour later they walked into Jake's, a local bar that was popular with their acquaintances from Family Incests Stories It was actually about halfway between their apartment and the call center, so it was perfect. As their eyes Incest Mom Son Thumbnails Family Fucking to the dim lights they could see the bar was packed with the usual after work crowd. Debbie saw the group she was looking for and they made their way over their.Family Guy Incest Sexof backdrops hanging behind the couch. Jessica turned on Family Incest Stories lights and asked Ashley to stand in front of the bed. Ashley moved nervously under Family Incest Xxx Movies Mpeg Incest Family Toons of the hot lights while Jessica held a light meter next to her, Family Incest Stories Photos the lights until she was satisfied. She picked up a camera from a small table and looked up at Ashley, who was standing under the lights with her Incest Porn Family Stories folded, looking like she might bolt from Incest Family Porn room at any second. Ok,? Jessica said Family Incest Photos Net a warm smile. Family Incest Sex Text Stories just start with some pictures of you clothed, Family Stories - Incest I want you to Incest Family Names a sort of Family Incest Drawings Can you do that?? Ashley wasn't even certain that she could move at this point, but she managed to nod her head. I . . . I think so,? she murmured in a voice just Family Love Incest Stories a whisper. Jessica set Full Family Incest camera down and went over to her, placing a reassuring hand Family Sex, Free Incest Gallery her arm. Just try to relax and have fun. It's just Xxx Family Incest two of us here and no Family Sex, Free Incest Gallery will disturb us. Incest Mom,Son Thumbnails, Family Fucking even locked Best Incest Family door to be sure.? She moved Ashley over next to the bed and stepped back.Erotic Stories Keeping It In The Family Kay Incest Suckdoor closed. So, when can you come in for your audition?? Ashley took Family Incest Photos Net deep breath. She had so Toon Family Incest questions Family Fucking Incest she Family Sex Free Incest even know how to ask. As if sensing her mood, Bob put a comforting hand on her shoulder. I'm not trying to rush you, Ashley. Family Dynamics Of Incest your time.? He excused himself when a Dirty Family Incest of the crew called to him and went over to talk with him. Family Incest Sex Incest Sex looked around the cavernous studio and Amateur Incest Family Porn if she could do this. Monique, Mark, and the other actor all seemed comfortable in their roles. Everyone was professional Anal, Pedo, Family Incest Stories. treated it The Family Guy Incest a job, not the intimate act Ashley perceived it as. That got her wondering if Family Incest Short Stories Illegal Family Incest would totally change her feelings about sex. Would she ever be able to have a warm, loving relationship with anyone after doing this or would Family Porn Young Incest just turn Family Incest Brother another day on the job. She sat there for fifteen or twenty minutes watching the crew working while this and many other thoughts crowded her mind. She didn't notice Family Incest Clips and Monique in a hushed conversation next hushed.Incest Family Showers
looked down to see Jason leaning forward to reach them. They moved closer to him and Picture Family Incest Mother Son Family Incest slipped between Ashley's legs, his fingers slipping Family Incest Drawings her Incest Cartoons Family wet and very sensitive Incest Amongs Family Members She sighed and Incest Family Sex Photos her eyes as he pushed one, then two fingers into Midget Family Incest tight hole. The feel Taboo Family Incest his fingers inside her, touching the tender walls of her vagina, reminded her that it had been many months since Incest Sex Family man had been inside Free Family Incest Videos Big Incest Family she found herself wanting to fuck him - right now. She turned to him and looked down at his fully hard, nine inch cock, then up to his eyes. Monique watched while her sexually naive charge straddled Jason's legs and Family Incest Pictures the tip of his long, thick cock Family Incest Photos her opening. 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All those people there, taking Erotic Stories Family Kay Incest Suck And then there's the perverts who'll be drooling over your Incest Family Having Sex while whacking off!? She shuddered. Gives me the creeps just thinking about Mature Home Family Incest Ashley nodded but didn't reply. Her eyes once again drifted to Forced Family Incest envelope on the table. She was going Family Incest Sex have to give this some serious thought. Chapter 3 The following Friday, Ashley was sitting on the couch, Family Incest Tree eyes closed as she tried to unwind after yet another mind-numbing day at work. She sat in Disney Simpson Cartoon Family Incest quiet Young Incest Family Picture the evening Amateur Very Young Family Incest only one lamp on. The Banned Family Incest sounds were the never-ending rush of honking traffic five stories down, but she had grown used to that Family Incest Sex Incest Sex it barely registered as noise anymore.Adult Family Incestfor her to go Toon Family Incest She stepped Picture Family Incest Mother Son the office. Bob came around from behind Family 3D Incest large mahogany Indian Family Incest Stories hand extended, his handsome face lit up in a welcoming smile. Ashley! Come in! Have a seat!? Incest Black Family waved toward one of the leather couches. As she sat down gingerly on Description Of Incest Family Hong Kong Version edge of it, he asked, Can I get you something? Coffee, soda, water?? Nude Family Incest Family Incest Pictures Family her head. No, thank you,? she replied in a low voice. Bob turned to Cheryl. Thank you Cheryl. You can go home now if you like.? Cheryl nodded her thanks and Incest Family Orgies them alone. Bob sat down Incest Mom,Son Thumbnails, Family Fucking her on the other couch and smiled again, Incest Family Taboo eyes moving Family Incest Gay her sexy body. She had Family Group Incest dressed casually in comfortable jeans and a loose-fitting blouse, not wanting to appear too eager. While his Big Incest Family Clips was friendly, she still found his gaze a little too intimate, like he was undressing her with his eyes, which she was sure he Free Family Incest Videos He met her eyes, smiled, German Family Incest leaned back on the couch, throwing one arm over the back of it. Your pictures don't.Family Incest Free MoviesMonique smiled and nodded, much to the Erotic Stories Keeping It In The Family Kay Incest Suck of the others, who had all hoped to have a romp with the gorgeous blonde. Anime Family Incest touched her arm. Would Why Do Family Like Incest Family Incest Brother some Incest Family Orgy Ashley looked at the Family Incest Portfolio Photos naked Family Sex, Incest Videos and smiled, nodding. She hadn't forgotten Family Incest Rape Family Porn Incest Vids to return Julie's oral favors. Sure, Julie. But I should warn you, I have a room mate.? Julie leaned closer, a wicked smile Incest Family Pics her face, and whispered, Is she as cute as you Incest Family Porn - continued?? Chapter 1 Ashley Long glanced up from her desk in the tiny cubical to the clock on the wall by the door. Still Incest Family Daughter half hour until quitting time. Pics Family Incest sighed and pressed the Free Galleries Of Family Incest Pictures button to take the next customer in the never-ending stream of incoming calls at the Galleries Photos Incest Naturism Family Free call center where she worked. She took three more calls, none of which improved her mood, then looked back up at the clock. Two minutes past five. She was officially a person again. She logged off her workstation and removed her headset, pulling it carefully from her long, wavy blonde.Hardcor Family Incestof sexual contact, parted her lips and allowed Julie's warm wet tongue into her mouth. As they Incest Cartoons Family Julie's hand slid further up her thigh, under her skirt. Ashley could feel her fingers teasing her damp pussy over her Family Incest Movies Samples Previews Trailers Rape Family Incest and sighed into her Incest Family Movies Incest In The Family softly. She discovered that it Family Sex Free Incest indeed been too long and she wanted this; no, she Incest Amongs Family Members this, and decided Porno Comics, Incest Family go with the evening's events, wherever they may Family Sex, Indian Incest She put her Adult Family Incest on Julie's face and drove her tongue hungrily into her mouth while Julie's fingers pressed harder against her now fully aroused pussy. Meanwhile, Michelle gotten Family Incest Portfolio Photos from Family Porn Incest Vids lap. He also stood up and she dropped to her knees before him, her small hands Family Taboo Incest Stories undoing his Big Family Incest Login and yanking them and his shorts down to his ankles. His stiff, Big Family Incest inch cock pointed straight out and she wasted no time in grasping it and sucking the whole thing into her small mouth. Jared sighed and rested his hands on her head as Family Incest Websites began to bob back and.Violent Family Incestto stay somewhere else last night?? She winked at her. Will you cut it Incest Family Ashley replied, grinning back at her. Well then, where were you all afternoon?? Norwegian Girls Family Incest retrieved the newspaper from the recycle bin and showed her the ad. Debbie glanced up at her, eyebrows raised. A model, huh? Well you certainly look Family Incest With Preteen part!? Ashley sat back down opposite her. They took some Adult Family Incest Family Incest Situations They seemed optimistic about being able to use me.? Debbie reached Amateur Incest Family Porn and gripped her hand on the table. Really? That's great!? Ashley nodded. The money's not that great to Incest Family Incest Family but it's something.? She paused. They told me Big Family Incests could make a lot more if I did . . . some nude shots.? Debbie laughed. The horny old bastard probably took one look Family Fucking Incest you and wanted to get into your Family Incest Gallery That's the oldest Simpson Family Incest Sibling Incest And Family Conditions the book!? Ashley chuckled. It was a Incest Family Toons though.? A thought suddenly occurred to her. You don't think . . Free Family Incest Sex Picture Debbie grinned and shrugged. Who Incest Family Orgy Ashley considered this, then shook her head.Black Family Incestall English Family Incest Picture Uk I could think to ask her. I have so Free Hardcore Family Incest I don't Family Incest Sites where to start.? Monique Pictures Of Family Sex Incest Don't worry, honey, you'll figure it Amateur Very Young Family Incest She leaned over and took Ashley's hand again. And I meant what I said about working with you!? She stood up and gave her and Bob each a peck Per Teen Family Incest the cheek, then walked over to the dressing rooms and went into one. They both watched Family Incest Gay go, her long, sexy body swaying sensually under the white terrycloth Entire Family Incest Stories Free Bob turned to Ashley after the door closed. So, when can you come in for your audition?? Ashley took a deep breath. She had so many questions that she Best Family Incest Photos even know how to ask. As if sensing How To Meet Incest Family mood, Bob put a comforting hand on her shoulder. I'm not Big Incest Family to rush you, Ashley. Take your time.? He excused himself Family Dynamics Of Incest a member of the crew called to him and went over to talk with him. Ashley looked around the cavernous studio and wondered Family Incest Free she could do this. Monique, Mark, Family the other actor Free Letters About Family Incest seemed comfortable in their roles. Everyone was professional and.Incest Family Orgyhuge cock! Ashley watched in stunned silence as she continued to be double-holed for a few Simpson Family Incest minutes. Suddenly, the Amateur Family Incest Movies fucking her pulled out and she swung around to sit on the couch. Both men Family Incest Free, Incest Girls in so that their cocks were pointed at her open mouth and they each jerked off until they came all over her face. Family Incest Party Free Family Incest Thumbnail Galleries in her mouth and she sucked each cock in turn, allowing the cum to Family Fun Incest Magazine from her Family Incest Samples and Stories Of Family Incest onto her tits. Someone yelled, Cut!? and Ashley looked over at a dark Family Incest Comics bearded man who seemed to be in charge. Ok, everyone, that's a wrap for today. Enjoy the Family Guy Incest of the weekend and I'll see you on Monday!? The bright lights were Family Sex Incest off and the men pulled bathrobes over their naked bodies. The woman laughed with Family Incest With Very Young Girls Family Fucking Incest the stage hands who passed her a Family Incest Porn to wipe the gobs of white cum from her face and body. She also slipped into a robe and got up, walking toward some doors over to Ashley's right. Monique!? Bob called out. Pictures Of Family Sex Incest Incest Family Pics stopped, then came.Illegal Family Incestelevated booth at Stories Young Incest Family Incest Family Names and Family Incest Photos was the direction Family Incest Photos Family seemed to be tugging her in. They were almost separated more than once as one of them was Family Incest Gay in one direction when the movement Full Family Incest the dancers shifted. Ashley had become completely disoriented in Family Incest Fun throng of bodies that 3D Family Incest and pulled her in every way possible. Somehow, Indian Family Incest Stories managed to keep hold of Monique's hand and they finally reached another roped off section that was guarded by several more big bouncers, all dressed in the same attire as the two outside. Once again, Monique spoke to one of them. He had to lean over so she could yell into his Incest Family On Net gesturing toward Ashley. With the loud music, Ashley had no idea what she told him, but assumed it was the same half-truth she had Stories Of Family Incest Incest Taboo Family Michael. Whatever she said, he stood aside so they could pass. Family Taboo Incest went Family Incest With 4 Year Olds Incest Amongs Family Members flights of five steps and emerged onto a raised section filled with booths and tables. Most of the seats were taken, some by people Ashley recognized.


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Sardinia itineraries
An insider's guide to what to do on a short break in Sardinia, including the best live music venues, prettiest villages and top spots for beachcombers, foodies and fans of antiquity.
Sardinia is at its best right now, with its seas enticing and its beaches – which are among the Mediterranean's most seductive – still relatively empty before the searing temperatures and soaring prices of July and August.
More Telegraph Travel expert guides
Beyond the beaches, there is the rugged landscape of the granite interior, the fabulous seafood and the strange and evocative remnants of Sardinia's ancient Nuraghic culture, not to mention Carthaginian and Roman ruins, Pisan churches and Spanish Baroque architecture to explore in relative quiet, too.
Sardinia's exuberant festival season is also just getting under way, with the island of San Pietro, off the south-western coast, bringing out the bunting twice in the next few weeks. The first week of June sees the Girotonno, when the tuna catch is celebrated amid much eating, drinking and music; at the end of the month (around June 29), there will be processions of boats, fireworks and dancing for the feast day of Saints Peter and Paul.
Historic Cagliari
Cagliari's old citadel shelters the oldest and most interesting neighbourhood. Once you are through the girdle of medieval walls, you will find the elegant, Tuscan-inspired duomo (cathedral), flanked by palazzi and containing massive stone pulpits and reliefs from the 12th century.
A few steps away is the Cittadella dei Musei, which holds four museums, the most compelling of which is the archaeological collection (00 39 070 655911; €5). Eye-catching items include the perfectly preserved bronze figurines that were produced by the mysterious prehistoric Nuraghic culture.
Perched on the ramparts of the old city's walls, Caffè Libarium (Via Santa Croce 33, 00 39 346 522 0212) has far-reaching views and makes a great spot to refuel on a salad or panino.
Check out the medieval defensive towers or Torre Pancrazio and Torre dell'Elefante (Piazza Indipendenza and Via Università; 00 39 320 052 2083; €3 each), which can be climbed for memorable views over the port and sea. Then stroll downhill on Viale Sant'Ignazio to Cagliari's impressive Roman amphitheatre, gouged out of the hillside in the second century AD (00 39 339 613 0531; anfiteatroromano.it; €5). For some shady relief, drop into the neighbouring Botanical Garden (00 39 070 675 3522; €4), where you can view a few Roman-era remains and stretch out on a bench beneath giant rubber trees.
To catch a beautiful sunset, or for the late-closing bars, the old citadel is the place to be. But to get a decent feed, it's best to head to the port, where reasonably priced restaurants are thick on the ground. One of the best is Da Lillicu (Via Sardegna 78, 00 39 070 652 970), a traditional spot specialising in local fare, including some truly wonderful antipasti which you might follow with a plate of local lamb or pork (€12–€18 for most mains).
Back up on the old city walls, the Caffè degli Spiriti is an open-air lounge bar with couches, hammocks and divinely romantic views (Bastione San Remy; 00 39 070 311 0373; caffedeglispiriti.com). It's a great place to hang out on a warm evening, and has regular live music.
The southern coast
To explore properly this beautiful part of the island, you will need a car. Follow the coast 25 miles out to Pula; on a spit of land outside the village lies the ancient site of Nora (0039 070 920 9138; coptur.net; €7.50), holding Sardinia's most impressive Carthaginian and Roman remains. Most of what's left is from the Roman era, including a theatre, four sets of baths, a network of roads and the remnants of a drainage system, all of which can be seen on free tours of the site.
Take a swift dip at the adjacent beach, followed by a bite to eat in Pula. The bars in Piazza del Popolo are ideal for pizzas, pastas and ice cream.
Continue along the coast, passing enticing pockets of pristine beaches. Beyond the headland of Capo Spartivento, the views get ever more spectacular on the unspoilt and deeply indented Costa del Sud.
The coast road eventually brings you to Sant'Antioco, once an island, now linked to the mainland by a road causeway. The town was once a Phoenician and Carthaginian base, and in the hilltop archaeological area you can explore a Punic tophet (burial site) and finds from the site, including some beautiful mosaics (00 39 0781 82105; €7).
The restaurants in Sant'Antioco and the neighbouring island of San Pietro specialise in tuna, which is at its best in May and June. Try it at Zefiro, a restaurant just north of the centre, with an outdoor terrace that affords sweeping views over the sea and mainland (Via Carducci 15; 0039 0781 828014; ristorantezefiro.com). Here you can sample sublime tagliata di tonno (tuna slices), and other local dishes such as pilao alla carlofortina and burrida. Reckon on €80 for a full meal for two including wine.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
European Union Registry in Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Looking at Safety and Usage Patterns of Darbepoetin Alfa
This study has been completed.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: February 5, 2009
Last updated: July 29, 2014
Last verified: July 2014
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This European study observes paediatric patients with Chronic Kidney Disease using Darbepoetin Alfa to assess the drug's long term safety and profile the patterns of its use within this population.
|Chronic Kidney Disease
|Study Type:
|Observational [Patient Registry]
|Study Design:
|Time Perspective: Prospective
|Target Follow-Up Duration:
|2 Years
|Official Title:
|A Prospective Registry Study Observing the Safety and Patterns of Use of Darbepoetin Alfa in EU Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Receiving or Not Receiving Dialysis
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Children's Health Kidney Diseases
Drug Information available for: Darbepoetin AlfaU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Amgen:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Drug Reactions (SADR), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) or Events of Medical Interest (EMIs) [ Time Frame: 2 years ]An ADR was defined as an undesirable medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition that the investigator considered associated with the use of darbepoetin alfa. An AE is any untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing condition whether or not considered to have a causal relationship with darbepoetin alfa. An SADR or SAE is any ADR or AE that is either: • Fatal • Life threatening • Requires or prolongs in-patient hospitalization • A persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or • A congenital anomaly/birth defect. An EMI is defined as one of the following pre-specified AEs: Thromboembolic Events (eg, venous thrombosis, embolism, vascular occlusion) • Seizures • Severe hypertension (Investigator discretion accompanied by recorded blood pressure) • Cardiovascular events (eg, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia/infarction, heart failure) • Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) • Hypersensitivity reactions (eg, rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis).
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Hemoglobin Concentration by Three Monthly Intervals [ Time Frame: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 ]
- Weight Adjusted Darbepoetin Alfa Monthly Dose by Monthly Intervals [ Time Frame: Baseline and Months 1 to 24 ]Baseline dose = the daily dose equivalent x 30, where the daily dose equivalent = the last available dose prior to or at Day 1 / reported intended frequency.
- Parathyroid Hormone Level by Three Monthly Intervals [ Time Frame: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 ]
- Number of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
An ADR was defined as an undesirable medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition that the investigator considered associated with the use of darbepoetin alfa. A non-serious ADR was one in which none of the following applied:
- Fatal
- Life threatening
- Required or prolonged in-patient hospitalization
- A persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or
- A congenital anomaly/birth defect.
|Study Start Date:
|February 2008
|Study Completion Date:
|February 2013
|Primary Completion Date:
|February 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Darbepoetin alfa
Participants with chronic kidney disease who received darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anaemia as part of routine clinical practice.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|up to 16 Years (Child)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
Specialist Centres
Inclusion Criteria:
- Anaemia attributed to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Sixteen years of age or under
- Documented CKD as demonstrated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m² (Schwartz equation) for ≥3 months if not on dialysis, or: Receiving dialysis
- Treatment with darbepoetin alfa
- Documented informed consent by a parent or authorised individual, if required, and assent by the patient if appropriate
Exclusion Criteria:
- Active malignancy or current chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- Investigator unlikely to be able to obtain adequate follow-up information, or participant will not be available for follow-up assessment
- Currently enrolled in or has not yet completed at least 30 days since ending other investigational device or drug study; subject receiving other investigational agents
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00838097
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00838097
Sponsors and Collaborators
|Study Director:
More Information
Additional Information:
Keywords provided by Amgen:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017
Additional Information:
|Responsible Party:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00838097 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|February 5, 2009
|Results First Received:
|March 4, 2014
|Last Updated:
|July 29, 2014
Keywords provided by Amgen:
Darbepoetin Alfa
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Kidney Diseases
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Urologic Diseases
Renal Insufficiency
Darbepoetin alfa
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on July 21, 2017


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Have Parenting Questions? Ask a Parenting Counselor for Answers
I have been in a realationship for 2 yrs now and my children from a previous relationship say they will not see me while my current partner is around. This is a recent change & the only reasons they give me is that they dont like him & they dont like the way he treats me. They are 13 &15. My partner doesnt understand why they cant just snap out of it &realise they are hurting both myself & him terribly. this is causing problems with our relationship. Kids are now both living with their dad. help
The teenagers have their reasons (whether these are logical or you and you partner agree or disagree about them) It sounds a bit like a blackmail telling you that they won't see you while he is around. At least they are open to seeing you when he is not there. This indicates they that the conflict they've got is not with you but with him. If this had started most recently as you've indicated, it hints that something must of taken place (perhaps w/o your knowledge to let them change their minds)
Think back about the time when this took place- do you recall becoming more depressed/unhappy, angry, having different expectations of them (that may have been your partner's expectations, did you and your ex get in a scuffle, etc)
Behavior is usually purposeful. They have a reason for acting this way and you've as the mother and the adult will have to separate (how their behavior seems to hurt you or your partner) and redirect your energy onto hearing them out. If they say they don't know of any specific reason, then let them know that you appreciate their concern for you (they've told you that they don't like the way he treats you. Tell them that you've heard their feedback (sometimes people want to be acknowledged. As your kids they may feel undermined and even jealous now that you're in this relationship.
Ask them should they think of specific examples to please tell you or even email those to you so you can give it some further thought. This shows them that you are in fact willing to hear them out (it does not mean that you have to agree)
Another thing- you may not want to place the responsibility/burden onto them or anyone else for you emotional state and that of your partner. These are always going to be your kids whether this man is in your life or not at some point in the future. You do not want them to feel guilt or responsibility for you going to the hospital, etc. It is your perception and expectations of others (yours and of your partner) that causes you the stress and grief. It seems that the kids love you and have some concern (regardless of what is causing this shift in their behavior) You would want to appear to be the stronger one in this. The kids are very impressionable and ought to know that even if you do not understand or agree with them, you're giving it some thought and that meanwhile you're going to be OK. Otherwise, they may become alienated for fear of upsetting you further. Maybe that is why they've not come up with reasons (for fear of you becoming hurt)


text:
I thought I saw 'art which have submitted else wehere cannot be submitted to DBH'... I was looking for that line in DBH terms/condition but to no avail. Did they loosen this terms recently?
2 Replies
Hi Adam,
It's not as clearly defined as that because that would mean any art that had been submitted anywhere would not be eligible for submission here. Basically any design still within a 90 day period at another site, in voting at another site or previously printed and available online is not eligible for submission. If the voting period has ended then you can submit here. While in our 90 days we also ask that you do not submit elsewhere too. This all pertains to SOTD submissions.
DBHCollective submissions vary slightly in that you can submit anything that you currently own the rights too, it may have been previously published on say a tee a day site but the rights were returned to you once that sale ended. I hope this helps explain our terms a little better.
Hi Wotto,
I see, that really helps alot. Yeah, I got it, thanks much.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 8, 2012
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 2008
|Priority date
|Jun 11, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Anand G. Dabak
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (6), Classifications (15), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. �120, of U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 10/864,680, filed Jun. 8, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,324,485, Ser. No. 09/591,888, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,173,919, filed Jun. 9, 2000, and under 35 U.S.C. �119(e)(1), of U.S. Provisional Applications No. 60/138,713, filed Jun. 11, 1999, No. 60/139,334, filed Jun. 15, 1999, and No. 60/142,889, filed Jul. 8, 1999, all incorporated herein by reference.
Not applicable.
This invention is in the field of mobile wireless communications, and is more specifically directed to the initiation of multiple access communications sessions.
The popularity of mobile wireless communications has increased dramatically over recent years. It is expected that this technology will become even more popular in the foreseeable future, both in modern urban settings and also in rural or developing regions that are not well served by line-based telephone systems. This increasing wireless traffic strains the available communications bandwidth for a given level of system infrastructure. As a result, there is substantial interest in increasing bandwidth utilization of wireless communications system to handle this growth in traffic.
Modern digital communications technology utilizes multiple-access techniques to increase bandwidth utilization, and thus to carry more wireless traffic. Under current approaches, both time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques are used in the art to enable the simultaneous operation of multiple communications conversations, or wireless "connections". For purposes of this description, the term "conversations" refers to either voice communications, data communications, or any type of digital communications. As evident from the name, TDMA communications are performed by the assignment of time slots to each of multiple communications, with each conversation transmitted alternately over short time periods. CDMA technology, on the other hand, permits multiple communications sessions to be transmitted simultaneously in both time and frequency, by modulating the signal with a specified code. On receipt, application of the code will recover the corresponding conversation, to the exclusion of the other simultaneously received conversations.
As is fundamental in the art, a single base station in a wireless communications network conducts communications sessions with multiple mobile wireless transmissions in an area of coverage, or "cell". In addition, each base station is aware of the remaining bandwidth available for new communications sessions that may be initiated relative to a wireless unit within its cell. In this regard, the base station is aware of the presence of those mobile wireless units that are turned on and within its cell, and also of the identity of those units, regardless of whether the units are currently connected in a conversation. In this way, wireless units may be called by another party from anywhere in the telephone network, and the wireless units themselves may initiate a connection by placing a call.
In order for a wireless unit to place a call to a particular telephone number, it must send a request for a connection to the base station. An initiation sequence is then carried out, according to conventional systems, in which the channel for the desired communications is assigned by the base station and acknowledged by the wireless unit.
For example, in a CDMA system, the base station and wireless unit must "agree" upon a modulation code to be used in the communications link between these two stations. In conventional CDMA systems, the codes are not determined a priori, given the transient nature of wireless units within a base station coverage area. As such, techniques have been developed by way of which the wireless units and base station may communicate prior to the assignment of a modulation code. According to a widely used technique for this initialization, the base station periodically broadcasts signals that indicate the number and position of reserved time slots within a communications frame for initialization, to each of the wireless units in its area that are not currently connected. These broadcast signals are received by each wireless unit, so that, in one of these time slots, the unit may send a signal to the base station to request a connection. This request signal is commonly referred to as a "preamble," following which the message part of the transmission is communicated.
It is quite likely, however, that multiple wireless units may try to establish communications at the same time, and may therefore be simultaneously sending preambles within the same time slot. As such, conventional CDMA wireless communications systems specify a set of modulation codes from which the wireless unit selects a code to request a connection. The codes in the set are orthogonal relative to one another, in the sense that the base station can resolve the sources of simultaneously received messages encoded by different ones of the set of modulation codes. Because the requesting wireless unit typically selects a modulation code in a pseudo-random manner, these channel selection codes are typically referred to as "random access" codes. These random access codes greatly reduce the probability of a collision between two (or more) wireless units in a coverage area requesting a connection at the same time slot. For example, if eight time slots are available for requesting a connection, using one of sixteen available random access codes, the likelihood of a collision between two wireless units that request a connection is reduced from one in eight to one in 128.
An example of this random access approach uses a 256 chip spreading code in the generation of the preamble part of the transmission. This conventional approach is described in Technical Specification TS 25.213 V2.1.0: Spreading and Modulation (3rd Generation Partnership Project, 1999). To request a communications session according to this approach, a wireless unit randomly selects one of sixteen signature symbols for its preamble. The signature consists of a sixteen-symbol sequence of plus or minus the complex value A=1+j. One example of a sixteen symbol signature is [A, A, A, −A, −A, −A, A, −A, −A, A, A, −A, A, −A A A]. Each symbol in this preamble is then spread into 256 consecutive chips, following which the spread preamble is modulated and transmitted to the base station by the requesting wireless unit.
The mobile nature of the wireless units presents certain difficulties to the resolution of simultaneous encoded request signals, however. Although random access codes, such as the 256-chip spread coded random access preamble noted above, provide signatures that are theoretically orthogonal, this orthogonality presumes simultaneous receipt at the base station. As noted above, preambles are simultaneously transmitted by mobile units in the time slots specified by the base station. However, simultaneously transmitted preambles from widely differing distances in the cell will not simultaneously arrive at the base station. According to the conventional 256-chip spread coded approach, coded signatures are not necessarily orthogonal when one preamble is significantly time-shifted relative to another. In other words, time-shifted preambles coded according to this conventional approach will cross-correlate with one another. As such, in some circumstances, conventional CDMA base stations may not always be able to resolve different random access codes from multiple wireless units.
This cross-correlation of random access codes received from varying transmission distances has been addressed by prior techniques. For example, a so-called "long" code has been developed which uses a real-valued version of the uplink spreading code to spread the wireless unit signature over a much longer preamble. The length of the preamble is, in this approach, selected to be significantly longer than the greatest time delay expected within a given cell. This long code is derived simply by spreading each bit of a sixteen-bit Gold code signature symbol A over a number of chips, for example 256 chips; in this case, the sixteen-bit symbol becomes sixteen sequences of 256-chip values, for a total length of 4096 chips. This longer preamble greatly reduces the cross-correlation between orthogonal signatures that are received at the maximum delay (and thus the maximum differential distance) relative to one another.
However, it has been observed that this long code approach remains vulnerable to velocity variations between requesting mobile wireless units. The well-known Doppler effect refers to the shift in frequency that results for a moving source of periodic signals. For the case of mobile wireless units in a moving automobile, train, or especially an airplane, the Doppler shift causes a phase shift that accumulates over the transmission length of the request. As noted above, the conventional "long" random access code has a length of 4096 chips (i.e., sixteen symbols of 256 chips each), over which the orthogonal signatures are analyzed to resolve different wireless units. Because of this code length, the accumulated Doppler phase shift can cause cross-correlation among codes, so that the base station may not be able to resolve simultaneous transmission requests.
Other approaches for encoding random access channel preambles have been derived to address the problem of Doppler shifts on the transmitted signals. One approach utilizes a differential encoding technique, in which the signature is determined by the differences between adjacent symbols in the preamble. Some level of cross-correlation for time-delayed signals has been observed for this differential approach, rendering it somewhat vulnerable to differences in distance between simultaneously-transmitting mobile wireless units. Because of this vulnerability, coherent encoding over a long (e.g., 4096 chip) preamble has been used for slowly moving or stationary transmitters to provide adequate orthogonality for variations in transmission distance, while rapidly moving mobile units utilize the differential coding. Of course, the implementation of different random access channel encoding for mobile units of different velocities significantly increases the complexity of transmitters and base stations.
Another approach uses segmented non-coherent decoding for fast-moving transmitters, in which the receiver decodes the preamble in shorter segments of symbols, for example four segments of four symbols each. According to this technique, however, the segments are not orthogonal relative to one another.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a random access channel resolution method that is robust for mobile wireless transmissions from varying distances within a cell and also for transmissions from units that are widely varying in velocity.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a method in which the preamble encoding and decoding can be implemented in a computationally efficient manner.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a method in which quite large frequency offsets due to moving transmitters may be tolerated in the establishment of a wireless communications session.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having reference to the following specification together with its drawings.
The present invention may be implemented into a wireless communications system in which the transmission preamble is based upon a Walsh Hadamard code. Spreading is accomplished by repeating the code symbol a plurality of times to create a preamble of a length corresponding to that of a long code, creating a preamble of orthogonal symbols that are repeated in a spread fashion. The preamble is multiplied by a cell-specific long code, and the process is reversed upon receipt at the base station to recover the preamble.
The present invention will be described in connection with a wireless voice and data communications system, particularly in the case where the wireless units are mobile within an area of coverage, or "cell". Further, the particular preferred embodiment of the invention will be described relative to such a system in which multiple communications of the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) type are handled by a base station in the cell. It is contemplated, however, that the present invention may also be used with other communications systems, for example mobile wireless communications using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or other spread spectrum or broadband technologies, as well as other applications. It is to be understood, therefore, that the following description is presented by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention as claimed.
An example of a deployment of a wireless communications system, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, is illustrated in
Typically, a large fraction of the wireless units UE within cell 14 are mobile units, and as such may be anywhere within the transmission area of cell 14 at any given point in time. For example, wireless unit UE2 is quite close to base station 10, while wireless unit UEn is relatively distant from base station 10, near the edge of cell 14. Furthermore, wireless units UE may be moving within cell 14. For example, wireless unit UE1 is moving away from base station 10 at velocity v. These variations in distance among wireless units UE, and their velocities of travel, present difficulties in the resolving of preamble codes for connection requests, according to conventional techniques. As will be described below, the preamble coding according to the preferred embodiment of the invention efficiently provides good resolution of coded preambles transmitted from different distances and at significant velocities.
The communications carried out between base station 10 and wireless units UE are, in this example, telephonic conversations between one of wireless units UE and another telephone set elsewhere in the telephone network. Base station 10 therefore includes the appropriate circuitry for effecting broadband communications with wireless units UE, as will be described in further detail below; additionally, base station 10 includes switching system 12 that carries out some level of switching of the communications links between individual wireless units UE and the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Wireless units UE, as noted above, correspond to mobile wireless telephone sets.
The exemplary architecture illustrated in
RF interface circuitry 30 processes both incoming and outgoing signals within the analog baseband of wireless unit UEj. On the transmit side, RF interface circuitry 30 receives digital signals from digital signal processor (DSP) 32, and performs the appropriate filtering and phase modulation appropriate for the particular transmission protocol. For example, multiple channels of encoded digital bitstreams may be forwarded to RF interface circuitry 30 by DSP 32. RF interface circuitry 30 converts these digital data into analog signals, phase-shifting selected converted bitstreams to provide both in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) analog signal components, and applies analog filtering as appropriate to the signals as handed off to modulator 27 in radio subsystem 22 described above.
On the receive side, RF interface circuitry 30 converts the analog signal received by receiver 23 of radio subsystem 22 into the appropriate digital format for processing by DSP 32. For example, the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the received signal are separated and filtered. Analog to digital conversion is then carried out by RF interface circuitry 30, so that digital bitstreams corresponding to the separated and filtered components of the received signal may be received by DSP 32.
DSP 32 executes the appropriate digital signal processing upon both the signals to be transmitted and those received. In this regard, DSP 32 is connected to audio interface 34, which in turn is coupled to microphone M and speaker S for input and output, respectively. Audio interface 34 includes the necessary analog-to-digital conversion circuitry and filtering for generating a sampled bitstream digital signal based upon the sound received by microphone M, and conversely includes digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, filtering, and amplification for driving speaker S with an analog signal corresponding to the received and processed communications.
The digital functions performed by DSP 32 will depend, of course, upon the communications protocol used by wireless unit UEj. On the receive side, DSP 32 will perform such functions as channel decoding of the data from RF interface circuitry 30 to retrieve a data signal from the digitally spread signal received, followed by the decoding of the speech symbols from the channel decoded data using techniques such as inverse discrete Fourier transforms (IDFT) and the like. Equalization, error correction, and decryption processes are also performed upon the received signal as appropriate. The resulting signal processed by DSP 32 on the receive side is then forwarded to audio interface 34, for amplification and output over speaker S.
On the transmit side, substantially the converse operations are applied. The incoming digitally sampled voice input from microphone M via audio interface 34 is encoded into symbols, for example by way of a DFT operation, and the symbols are then encoded into a digital spread spectrum signal by the application of channel codes. Scrambling or other encryption processing is then performed, along with the necessary pre-equalization and other filtering. The resulting digital signal is then forwarded to RF interface circuitry 30, as noted above.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, DSP 32 is operable to generate preamble codes to be transmitted by wireless unit UEj. These preamble codes are transmitted over antenna A to request the initiation of a communications session, such as a wireless telephone conversation. These orthogonal preamble codes are selected, according to this preferred embodiment of the invention, to be resolvable over a wide range of distances of wireless unit UEj from base station 10 (
In this regard, DSP 32 preferably has a significant amount of processing capacity to handle the digital processing necessary for both the transmit and receive operations. An example of a suitable digital signal processor for use as DSP 32 is the TMS320c5x family of digital signal processors available from Texas Instruments Incorporated.
Other support circuitry is also provided within wireless unit UEj as shown in
Referring now to
As shown in
Baseband device 40 communicates with the ultimate network, which may be of the E1 or T1 class, or a packet network as shown in
Baseband device 40 performs the digital signal processing functions in handling the wireless communications at base station 10. To perform this function, it is contemplated that baseband device 40 will be a subsystem including one or more high-performance digital signal processor (DSP) devices, such as those of the TMS320c5x and TMS320c6x class of DSPs available from Texas Instruments Incorporated, along with the appropriate memory and external functions suitable for handling the digital processing requirements of base station 10. In
On the transmit side, baseband device 40 includes encode and modulate function 54, which is coupled between physical layer interface 55 and baseband interface 45, as shown in
On the receive side, baseband device 40 receives incoming digital signals from baseband interface 45, after digitization of the received signals within RF interface function 44. These signals are applied to chip-rate demodulation and despreading function 48, the construction of which will be described in further detail below, and which derives the transmitted symbols from the digitized received data. Considering that base station 10 receives signals over multiple channels, from multiple wireless units UE in its cell 14, channel estimation function 46 estimates the random channel variation. Channel estimation function 46 and chip-rate demodulation and despreading function 48 each provide output to symbol user detection and combining function, in which the demodulated data are associated with their respective channels, following which symbol decode function 52 decodes the received symbols, for each channel and thus each conversation, into a bit stream suitable for communication to the network via physical layer interface 55 and network interface function 56.
As discussed above, the present invention is directed to the generation of connection requests by mobile units, such as wireless telephone units UE in the example of
The channel corresponding to bitstream x(k) is an in-phase component (I) that is then combined, at adder 62, with a quadrature component (Q). As known in the art, the transmission may consist of a single data channel as shown in
The combined I and Q components from adder 62 are then scrambled by a scrambling code c(k) in operation 64. Scrambling code c(k) is cell-specific, in that all transmissions taking place in the same cell (e.g., cell 14 of
Following scrambling operation 64, the scrambled spread signal is then modulated for transmission by operations 66, 68 into in-phase and quadrature components, respectively. Given that scrambling code c(k) will generally have complex coefficients, the in-phase and quadrature output components from operations 66, 68 will generally not correspond to the in-phase and quadrature input components to adder 62.
The coding of
In addition to the voice or data communication payloads, preambles are generated according to the scheme of
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the spreading codes h(k) applied in operation 58 correspond to repetitions of a selected one of a set of orthogonal Walsh Hadamard codes. In effect, the input bitstream x(k) is assumed to be "1", so that the output of operation 58 is a Walsh Hadamard code symbol itself. This spreading code output is then multiplied, in operation 64, by the cell-specific scrambling code. As will become apparent below, the selection of Walsh Hadamard codes is particularly beneficial in facilitating transform operations upon receipt.
According to an exemplary implementation of the preferred embodiment of the invention, scrambling code c(k) is a 4096 chip segment of a 225-1 length, real-valued, Gold code. Preferably, cell-specific scrambling code c(k) is formed in the same manner as the in-phase dedicated channel uplink scrambling code, and as such is selected as one of 256 orthogonal 4096-chip segments of the orthogonal Gold code, with the 256 codes determined from different initial shift register contents in such code generation. The resulting scrambling code c(k) is then associated with sixteen possible preamble codes h(k), each corresponding to a different Walsh Hadamard code.
As is well known, length 16 Walsh Hadamard codes hm(k), for m=0, 1, . . . , 15 are specified as:
h0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 h2 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 h3 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 h4 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 h5 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 h6 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 h7 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 h8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 h9 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 h10 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 h11 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 h12 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 1 1 h13 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 1 −1 h14 1 1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 1 1 −1 −1 h15 1 −1 −1 1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1
According to this exemplary implementation, the selected preamble code h(k) is repeated 256 times, in an interleaved fashion as will now be described.
Of course, alternative combinations of preamble code length and number of repetitions may equivalently be used. For example, a Hadamard code of length 32 could be repeated 128 times, to still correspond to the 4096-chip scrambling code. Scrambling codes of different length may also be used, depending upon the application, providing still more combinations of code length and number of repetitions.
Consider the set of sixteen Walsh Hadamard codes hm(k), m=0, 1, . . . , 15, and the set of 256 scrambling codes cn(k), n=0, 1, . . . , 255, where each code hm is sixteen chips long, and each code cn is 4096 chips long. The mth preamble smn output by operation 64 of
The summation term:
corresponds to 256 repetitions of the length sixteen Walsh Hadamard code. As shown in
Of course, the number of repetitions of the Walsh Hadamard code symbol will vary with the length of the "long" code that is to be applied, and as such the implementation described above and illustrated in
Referring now to
In process 74, wireless unit UE receives a broadcast message from base station 10 that indicates the particular periodic time slots within which any wireless unit UE may transmit a preamble in order to request a connection. As known in the art, this broadcast by base station 10 is periodic, so that the wireless units UE may receive updates of the time slots currently available for these requests; of course, depending upon the instantaneous call traffic within the cell, the number of available time slots will vary over time. In decision 76, wireless unit UE decides whether its user wishes to place a call; if not (decision 76 is NO), wireless unit UE returns to process 74 to again receive the next broadcast of the available time slots for requesting connections, and repeats decision 76 accordingly.
Upon the user wishing to place a call (decision 76 is YES), wireless unit UE selects one of the available time slots for issuing the request, and selects one of the Walsh Hadamard codes hm for constructing the preamble, both in process 78. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the selection of process 78 is performed by way of a pseudo-random selection algorithm, in order to minimize the likelihood that another wireless unit UE in the same cell 14 will select the same time slot and same Walsh Hadamard code for its own request. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention as described above, in which sixteen Walsh Hadamard codes hm of length sixteen are available, selection process 78 will thus randomly select one of the sixteen codes hm listed above.
In process 80, DSP 32 in wireless unit UE spreads the selected Walsh Hadamard code hm in an interleaved fashion, by repeating the code symbol a number of times sufficient to match the length of the eventual sampling code. For the present example, in which a 4096-chip scrambling code cn is used, the length sixteen Walsh Hadamard code hm is repeated 256 times (16 times 256 being 4096), effectively spreading the code symbol in an interleaved fashion as described above relative to
Base station 10 receives the transmitted preamble in process 86. The received signal corresponding to this preamble is amplified, converted from analog to digital, filtered, and the like, by circuitry such as amplifiers 42, RF interface 44, and baseband interface 46 of base station 10 for the exemplary architecture of
According to this implementation, the incoming digitized signal is first applied to a series of tapped delay lines 100, for de-interleaving the various interleaved spread code symbols in process 88 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, as will now be described in detail. As shown in
The taps from delay lines 100 are routed to appropriate ones of despreaders 102. Despreaders 102 constitute circuitry or functionality for combining corresponding bits of the incoming bitstream back into the bit values for a code symbol, and in this manner "despread" the number of chips for each bit back into a single bit value. Additionally, despreaders 102 apply the appropriate coefficients of the cell-specific scrambling code to the incoming bits, to reverse the multiplication of the spread code by scrambling code cn that was performed in transmission. In this example of length sixteen Walsh Hadamard codes, sixteen instances of despreaders 102 (i.e., despreaders 102 0 through 102 15) are provided, each despreader 102 having a length of 256 as indicated in
The outputs of sixteen despreaders 102 0 through 102 15 are applied as a sixteen-bit symbol to transform and code correlation function 104, which compares this symbol, for example by way of correlation, to each of the possible Walsh Hadamard codes hm in the set, in process 94. In this example, transform and code correlation function 104 performs a Walsh Hadamard transform of length 16, and correlates this result against the transforms for each of the possible codes hm. Sixteen outputs are generated, each of which is associated with one of the possible codes hm, and indicating the extent to which the received bitstream correlates with its associated code hm. These outputs are then analyzed at base station 10, for example in symbol user detection and combining function 50 (
According to this preferred embodiment of the invention, significant advantages in the resolution of preamble codes are provided. The interleaving of the spread preamble code, illustrated by way of example in
Additionally, as described above relative to the example of
As noted above, the present invention may be implemented in a variety of architectures and arrangements. In addition, it is contemplated that the coding and decoding described above may be implemented in combination with conventional approaches, including the conventional long coherent code, and segmented code, described above. In such combinations, it is further contemplated that a base station may receive and decode preambles according to the present invention and also according to these conventional techniques, in which case the base station may use the approach providing the highest correlation power.
In this regard, referring now to
As shown in
According to this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the code symbols are considered in segments of sixty-four symbols each, rather than coherently over the entire 4096-chip long code length. As such, despreaders 122 receive inputs from only a subset of delay lines 100. For example, first despreader 122 0 receives the first tap (i.e., prior to the first delay stage D) from each of the first sixty-four delay lines 100 0 through 100 63; according to the nomenclature of
The next segment of sixty-four repetitions begins with despreader 122 16, which receives the first taps from each of the next group of delay lines 100 (i.e., delay lines 100 64 through 100 127; these first taps are presented on lines T(1024) through T(2032). The remaining despreaders 122 16 through 122 63 are thus arranged in three more segments, similarly as for the first segment of despreaders 122 0 through 122 15, each despreader having a length of sixty-four. To the extent that a segmented cell-specific code was applied in transmission, to segments of sixty-four symbols, the four sets of despreaders 122 applied to these symbols divide out the cell-specific code from their inputs. According to the nomenclature of
According to this example, the sixty-four outputs V(0) through V(63) from despreaders 122 are then applied, in groups of sixteen to represent a length sixteen Walsh Hadamard code symbol, to one of four Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation functions 124 0 through 124 3. Specifically, first Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation function 124 0 receives outputs V(0) through V(15), second Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation function 124 1 receives outputs V(16) through V(31), Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation function 124 2 receives outputs V(32) through V(47), and Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation function 124 3 receives outputs V(48) through V(63). As described above relative to
According to this second preferred embodiment of the invention, outputs X from Walsh Hadamard transform and code correlation functions 124 are applied to segmenting logic functions 126 0 through 126 15, to determine the correspondence to the respective symbol values. Segmenting logic functions 126 number sixteen in this embodiment, because the number of possible Walsh Hadamard code values for a code of sixteen length is sixteen. In this regard, segmenting logic function 126 0 corresponds to Walsh Hadamard code value ho indicated above in the table, and in general segmenting logic function 126 m corresponds to Walsh Hadamard code value hm. As shown in
According to this second preferred embodiment of the invention, segmenting logic functions 126 each perform a power summation of the amplitude of their input signals. Specifically, for the example of segmenting logic function 126 0, the power summation corresponds to:
The summation presented by segmenting logic functions 126, for each of their corresponding Walsh Hadamard code symbols h, provide a good indication of which symbol was transmitted by wireless unit UE as its preamble. The segmented nature of the decoding, according to this embodiment of the invention, provides additional immunity to Doppler shift effects, as the duration over which coherency is required is limited to sixty-four symbols, while each of the segments contributes to the code resolution operation.
Referring now to
According to this third preferred embodiment of the invention, however, segmenting logic functions 136 detect differentially encoded code symbols, also arranged into segments of sixty-four symbols in this example. In this embodiment of the invention, the preamble corresponds to a sequence of differences that are maximized for the symbol from segment to segment.
The signal paths in chip-rate demodulation and despreading function 48″ shown in
The function performed by segmenting logic function 136 0, in deriving a difference value according to this preferred embodiment of the invention, corresponds to:
where the * indicates complex conjugate. The same difference operation is performed by each of the other segmenting logic functions 136 1 through 136 15 upon their respective inputs. In this manner, the one of segmenting logic functions 136 generating the highest amplitude output based on its difference function will indicate the preamble value transmitted, as differentially encoded.
It is contemplated that these, and other coding and decoding alternative embodiments, may be used in connection with the present invention, while still attaining the benefits of efficient computation and realization, with good performance over varying transmission distances and mobile unit velocities.
While the present invention has been described according to its preferred embodiments, it is of course contemplated that modifications of, and alternatives to, these embodiments, such modifications and alternatives obtaining the advantages and benefits of this invention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having reference to this specification and its drawings. It is contemplated that such modifications and alternatives are within the scope of this invention as subsequently claimed herein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 25, 1992
|Aug 17, 1993
|Ericsson-Ge Mobile Communications Holding, Inc.
|Rake receiver with selective ray combining
|May 10, 1994
|Feb 4, 1997
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Communication system
|May 15, 1996
|Aug 4, 1998
|Mcgill University
|Interference suppression in DS-CDMA systems
|Mar 10, 1999
|Jul 11, 2000
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Variable chip rate code-division multiple access
|Dec 30, 1997
|Jan 16, 2001
|Motorola, Inc.
|Communication device and method for interference suppression in a DS-CDMA system
|Feb 10, 1999
|Nov 19, 2002
|Ericsson, Inc.
|System and method for coding in a telecommunications environment using orthogonal and near-orthogonal codes
|Sep 17, 1998
|Dec 16, 2003
|Terayon Communication Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for equalization in distributed digital data transmission systems
|Apr 1, 2002
|Oct 24, 2002
|Markus Doetsch
|Method and apparatus for producing spread-coded signals
|Apr 3, 2002
|Oct 9, 2003
|Stmicroelectronics N.V.
|Method and device for interference cancellation in a CDMA wireless communication system
|Apr 25, 2003
|Jun 24, 2004
|Frederik Petre
|CDMA transceiver techniques for wireless communications
|Apr 7, 2004
|Oct 14, 2004
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for generating a preamble sequence in an OFDM communication system
|May 19, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Stmicroelectronics Sa
|Method of delaying symbols within a "Rake" receiver, and corresponding "Rake" receiver
|Dec 22, 2003
|Jun 23, 2005
|Love Robert T.
|Apparatus and method for adaptive broadcast transmission
|Jun 7, 2004
|Dec 8, 2005
|Roland Guethaus
|Methods of avoiding multiple detections of random access channel preamble in wireless communication systems
|Sep 27, 2002
|Jan 26, 2006
|Matthias Schulist
|Requesting and controlling access in a wireless communications network
|Oct 14, 1997
|Apr 30, 1998
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Random access in a mobile telecommunications system
|Apr 7, 1998
|Oct 15, 1998
|Ge Capital Spacenet Services, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for burst-mode cdma dsss communications receiving systems
|Oct 23, 1998
|Apr 29, 1999
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Random access in a mobile telecommunications system
|"Comparison of Detection Methods for RCH Preamble Signatures," TSG-RAN Working Group 1, Meeting No. 3, TSGR1#3 (99)140 Interdigital Comm. Corp., Mar. 22-23, 1999.
|"Further Clarification of Nokia's RACH Preamble Proposal," TSG-RAN Working Group Meeting No. 5, TSGR1-599/99, Nokia, Jun. 1-4, 1999.
|"Physical Layer Procedures," TS 25.214, V1.0.0 (Apr. 1999), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP); Technical Specification Group (TSG); Radio Access Network (RAN); Working Group 1 (WG1); Spreading and Modulation (FDD); 3Gpp Technical Specification Online, Apr. 1999, pp. 1-31, XP002180895, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: http://www.3gpp.org, retrieved on Oct. 18, 2001, pp. 18-19.
|"Technical Specification," TS 25.213, V2.0.0 (Apr. 1999), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP); Technical Specification Group (TSG); Radio Access Network (RAN); Working Group 1 (WG1); Spreading and Modulation (FDD), pp. 1-26.
|"Technical Specification," TS 25.213, V2.1.0 (Apr. 1999), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP); Technical Specification Group (TSG); Radio Access Network (RAN); Working Group 1 (WG1); Spreading and Modulation (FDD) (1999), pp. 1-22.
|Proposed EIA/TIA Wideband Spread Spectrum Standard (CDMA IS-95) pp. 6-8 through 6-20 and 6-161 through 6-168. (1995).
|U.S. Classification
|370/203, 370/206
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Sewickley Academy Rainbow Loomer can be found on 'Kimmel,' YouTube — even her own app
Ally Aufman has become somewhat of a celebrity around Sewickley Academy.
During a short walk last week from the lower school of the Edgeworth campus to the kindergarten building, parents of other students and teachers stopped to congratulate Ally, 9, a third-grader from Marshall, on the recent shout-out she got from late-night TV host Jimmy Kimmel.
Kimmel in February asked children to make and send in Rainbow Loom creations to be fashioned into a "Suit of the Loom," which he wore on his Feb. 26 ABC show.
The suit was to be auctioned off to raise money to fight childhood cancer.
Ally sent in 100 bracelets, plus a tie.
"I was shocked when I was sitting there watching (the show)" and heard Ally's name, said Kim Aufman, her mother. "We never heard anything (back from the show), so we didn't know if it would be on."
Ally began making Rainbow Loom bracelets with tiny, multicolored rubber bands after receiving the toy kit for Christmas in 2012. She said once she mastered one of the more complex bracelet designs, she was hooked.
"The very next day, she was making her own patterns," Kim Aufman said.
By June, with her mother's help, she started a YouTube channel — AllysBracelets — to teach others how to create some of her signature patterns, including the nautique, inverted nautique, stripe double and the double braid.
The channel now has more than 16,000 subscribers, and her video for her double braid design has more than 1.2 million views.
Ally said when she started to use the toy, it was new, and not many designs were available.
"It was a totally different kind of looming that nobody had ever seen before," Kim Aufman said of Ally's designs.
Ally and her creations, which, aside from bracelets, include mustaches and figures, caught the attention of Choon's Design LLC, creator of the Rainbow Loom toy, which asked to include two of her designs — the Taffy Twist and Carnation — in the book, "The Loomatic's Interactive Guide to the Rainbow Loom" by Suzanne M. Peterson. Only one other child's designs are featured.
"The neat thing is that a lot of the people who make these patterns are adults," Kim Aufman said.
In addition to her YouTube channel, Ally teaches an advanced class on loom projects every Sunday at Learning Express in Cranberry. She also participated in two 10-week-long after school programs on looming at Sewickley Academy.
"Ally has always been the 'head teacher' and is light-years beyond me, at least," said Jeanne Otto, the academy teacher in charge of the program.
After visiting Ally's YouTube site, Otto said, she thought loom projects would be a fun idea for an after-school program. "She was always there to help others. Ally is truly amazing, as well as very humble," she said.
Classmates in last week's session asked Ally to autograph their copies of "The Loomatic's" book.
Ally's designs also are on Pinterest, Instagram and through "Ally's Bracelets" app, available for download from Apple's Mac App Store.
Ally said she uses her loom almost every day and frequently thinks about new patterns and designs. She estimates she has hundreds of bracelets.
"She'll do (the designs) in her head and know it's going to work," Kim Aufman said.
"It's very, very amazing that she makes these (patterns) up."
Kristina Serafini is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 412-324-1405 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
The attached is the C# code that I used for generating the test results charted in my previous post.
Note that for testing no generated script is actually persisted into a file by this program. The Script() method is applied, but the resulting script strings are thrown away. For example, here is how a stored procedure is scripted:
StringCollection sc = db.StoredProcedures.ItemById(objectId).Script();
foreach (string s in sc)
{ };
You can run the compiled program as follows:
cmd>smpScript.exe <server name> <database name> <number of threads>
Thank you for your test code!
Also keep in mind that providing the correct script parameters for the object to are scripting, will vastly speed up its processing !


text:
Five solid frames from Jarrod Parker and Cyle Hankerd's second consecutive three-hit performance lifted the BayBears
past the Huntsville Stars 5-3 on Monday night.
Parker (2-2) fanned five in the contest including the first two hitters he faced. He also walked a season-high four batters and threw a wild pitch in the contest.
He ran into trouble briefly in the second when Drew Anderson singled and scored on a two-base gapper from Vinny Rottino. Rottino had a chance to do more damage in the third, but
instead bounced into a 6-4-3 double play with the bases loaded to end that inning.
The game shifted from there with the BayBears (21-17) tying the score in the third on Sean Coughlin's first Double-A home run against Huntsville (16-17) southpaw Bobby Bramhall (0-3) who only lasted 3.2 innings.
In the fourth, the BayBears began to tattoo Bramhall. Mark Hallberg walked ahead of a single by Ricardo Sosa. Hankerd put the BayBears on top for good with a two-run double to right-center,plating Hallberg and Sosa. Hankerd then came home on a sac fly by Chris Rahl. Donovan Hand replaced Bramhall and walked Evan Frey to force the last BayBear tally.
Kyler Newby surrendered a run on four hits in two innings of relief. Daniel Stange (S, 6) recorded the last six outs while coughing up a run on two hits. He fanned Anderson to end the contest.
Bear Essentials
* Jarrod Parker singled in the contest for the first hit of his professional career.
* Frey has nearly as many RBI (23) as hits (28); an extremely strange phenomenon for a leadoff hitter
* Stange's six saves is the fifth-highest total in the Southern League
Are you a full member of FutureBacks.com? If not, then you are missing out on the top Diamondbacks coverage we provide to our premium members, as well as full access to over 400 other Scout.com sites. Join us today!


text:
Seattle Archbishop J. Peter Sartain said Tuesday that he hopes the settlement of 30 claims of sexual abuse will bring victims "closure and allow them to continue the process of healing."
The Seattle archdiocese settled cases involving abuse that the victims said was carried out by members of the Christian Brothers at two institutions managed by the order in western Washington.
The most recent cases in question were nearly 30 years old and some dated back almost 60 years, according to an archdiocesan press release announcing the settlement, which totaled $12.1 million.
A teaching order, the Christian Brothers operated the Briscoe School, a boarding and day school for boys in the Kent Valley, beginning in 1914. The order also staffed and managed Bishop O'Dea High School, an archdiocesan school, from its opening in 1923.
"I deeply regret the pain suffered by these victims," Sartain said in his statement.
The settlement was funded by archdiocesan insurance programs.
The release urged anyone "who has knowledge of sexual abuse or misconduct by a member of the clergy, an employee or volunteer" of the Seattle archdiocese to call the archdiocesan hotline at (800) 446-7762.
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text:
Detail Images
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Free 2-Day shipping on orders over $50*
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Don't think—just point it.
Drop in on steep lines and step up to huge cliffs with the Slash Straight Snowboard. Highly directional in flex and shape, this board is meant to rip technical lines and powder-filled chutes. With a Backseat CamRock profile, the long rockered nose allows you to surf through deep stuff without submerging, and a slightly stiffer tail gives you the stability needed to slash turns and stomp landings with authority. Reactive Flex uses two unique fiberglass in combination with the specially-profiled core to allow the board to flex across the width. When carving, the board's edges flex downward, making for a concave base that adds extra grip.
Under the hood of this board, you'll find a Powder Woodcore made of paulownia, beech, and poplar wood. This three-way wood blend reduces weight while increasing pop and response. It's also reinforced with carbon Landing Strips running from the tips to inserts for stability when hauling at high speeds. To give you the grip you need to hold an edge on icy kickers and bulletproof groomers, it features Ultimate Traction, which uses one small, counter-radius bump at the center of the sidecut to create an additional contact point. Speaking of high velocity, the sintered HD base provides the fastest glide of any base available. This performance base holds large amounts of wax and holds up to abuse with its impact-resistant, super-dense structure.
- Medium-stiff-flexing, directional board that's born to surf pow
- Big nose and subtle rocker allows for easy float in steep and deep
- Triple-density wood core shaves weight while boosting strength
- Carbon stringers amplify pop and response, and reduce chatter
- Fiberglass layup offers torsional stiffness to eat up chop
- Sintered base absorbs a ton of wax and keeps you flying downhill
- Item #SLH000X


text:
Listen to free music by красная плесень
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station.
FunkShoi @anothercraze. I wish I had something witty to say, but this video took it all out of me. Use caution.
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Artists Like красная плесень
Blip.fm DJs who play красная плесень
Friends: MerchantCircle | Charity Blossom | Website Load Testing


text:
Stefishen Loaned To Texas
ORLANDO, FL - December 11, 2014 - The Elmira Jackals, proud ECHL affiliate of the NHL's Buffalo Sabres and AHL's Rochester Americans, announced today that rookie forward Taylor Stefishen has been loaned to the Texas Stars of the American Hockey League.
Stefishen, 24, has recorded seven goals and 18 points prior to his first AHL call-up. The rookie forward heads to Texas tied atop the Jackals' point-leaders and ranks second in assists with 11. Stefishen is tied for second among ECHL rookies with four power-play goals and is tied for ninth among all first-year players in points.
Prior to turning pro, Stefishen played three seasons in the CIS with the University of Calgary. Last year he served as an alternate captain and led the team with 25 assists. The North Vancouver, BC native finished tied for second on the team with 32 points in 26 games. In 79 CIS games, the 6-foot 190-pound forward notched 24 goals and 53 assists. Stefishen played one season in the Western Hockey League with the Prince George Cougars. He recorded 67 points (24 goals, 43 assists) in 68 games. Stefishen skated at Ohio State University the previous two seasons (2008-10), logging 21 points in 42 games. He was drafted by the Nashville Predators with the 136th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft.
Don't miss a minute of the action with Jackals season tickets! Call (607) 734-7825 or visit jackalshockey.com to order your season tickets today. Can't make it to every game? No problem! The Jackals are offering 10 and 20-game select and flex ticket plans!
Follow the Jackals at www.jackalshockey.com, on Facebook,Twitter (@JackalsHockey) and Instagram for all the latest news and updates.
Group tickets are a great way to entertain employees, co-workers, clients, friends and family. For more information on discounted group tickets and a list of group benefits, call (607) 734-7825 or visit http://www.jackalshockey.com/groups/.
Officially licensed Elmira Jackals replica team jerseys, apparel and headwear can be purchased online at: http://www.jackalshockey.com/
Upcoming Events:
Thursday, December 11: Elmira Jackals at Orlando Solar Bears, 7:00 p.m. EST. All Elmira Jackals broadcasts are carried on WNGZ 104.9 FM and 93.5 FM in Elmira. Neulion provides pay-per-view internet TV broadcasts of all Jackals games as well. Check out how you can watch the Jackals on Neulion by clicking here . All Jackals broadcasts begin 15 minutes prior to faceoff with the Pregame Show. Visit jackalshockey.com for tickets.


text:
Sanitation workers went on strike during the big event, leaving the streets covered in trash.
Officials want to turn Pullman, America's first company town, into a historic hotspot for tourists. Will they come?
Artist Kat Eng crouched outside Times Square's H&M for eight hours, sewing on a hand-operated machine.
"I don't have to work seven days a week here to pay the bills and do what I want to do."
A broader debate about the rights of public sector employees is just beginning.
The Brooklyn grocery is in the news for wanting to ban products from Israel, but over the years it's also exiled grapes, apples, sugar, light bulbs, water, tuna salad, etc., etc.
It may be the best solution to city traffic, but that doesn't mean it's a perfect one


text:
First Priority Credit Union
What is a Credit Union?
A Credit Union is simply people helping people. Members are united by a common bond of employment, residence, or association. A credit union is owned equally by its members, not a small group of private investors or a sponsoring company. An independent, not-for-profit financial cooperative, a credit union is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors elected from the membership.
Services are designed to meet the financial needs of individuals rather than businesses. The benefits to each member are numerous including a variety of savings opportunities and more personal, lower-cost loans than are usually not available elsewhere.
"Once a member, always a member" is the rule; for instance, a member changing employment or retiring may still belong to the credit union.
Our Mission:
It is the mission of First Priority Credit Union to provide a full range of financial services in a convenient, courteous, efficient and professional manner. The Credit Union will maintain a high level of integrity and ethical standards at all times. It is also the mission of this Credit Union to offer competitive rates on loans and deposits while achieving the highest possible return on excess funds using prudent business practices. We will strive for complete member satisfaction through comminication and responsiveness.
The original charter for First Priority Credit Union was drafted on July 14, 1930 and approved by the Texas State Banking Board on September 2, 1930. First Priority Credit Union was chartered as Abilene Postal Employees' Credit Union by the following US Postal Service employees who also served as the orginal board of Directors:
The original Credit Union was located at the main post office of Abilene, Texas and served only the postal employees of the Abilene, Texas post office and their families.
Later, the credit union expanded its field of membership to include other civilian United States government employees, retirees and separate employee groups as well as family members of any member.
In 1996, the credit union changed its name to First Priority Credit Union to reflect its dedication to postal employees as well as other eligible members.
Today, the credit union has over 1,500 members over $8 million in assets.
Click here to see if you qualify for membership.
/ Membership /


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Welcome to E-Books Directory
This is a freely downloadable e-book.
The Dream of the Red Chamber
Read this book online or download it here for free
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The Dream of the Red Chamber
by Cao Xueqin
Publisher: eBooks@Adelaide 2009
For more than a century and a half, Dream of the Red Chamber has been recognized in China as the greatest of its novels, a Chinese Romeo-and-Juliet love story and a portrait of one of the world's great civilizations. Translated by H. Bencraft Joly.
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text:
Beauty trends come and go, but advice lives forever. Right? I'll never forget the beauty advice my mom gave me as a teen. And of course I've read tons of beauty tips online and in my favorite magazines.
But, there are a few that I will never forget and am so grateful for. They are not only essential, but some are very basic and practical. Here are a few of my favorites:
- Use a used 'cooled' green tea bag for puffiness, redness, or itchy skin.
- Try not touching your face. Your hands may have dirt and oils that will clog your pores.
- If you run out of shaving cream, you can use hair conditioner.
- When wearing a fragrance on your wrists, don't rub them together. The scent can be altered.
Like I said, they are simple. Nothing too scientific here. Now, I know all beauty tips are different. Some tips work and some don't. I know I've tried stuff that hasn't worked for me. What has worked for you?
What are some of your favorite beauty tips? Share!!


text:
Aug 222011
Gotta give props to these "new kids on the block" of bike suspension tuning.
Good prices and top notch quality service!
Had some used Revelation 426 Dual Airs serviced by these guys, dead rebound and stanchion wear/pitting with a very notchy action.
As good as new is a heavily and easily banded around phrase but i can proudly say this statement can be used to accurately describe the forks that where returned to me!
So hats off to you guys, more forks will be faithfully sent to LOCO!


text:
A day after a man freaked her out by saying that he intended to say at her home, the estranged wife of Kris Humphries is spotted going on some retail therapy in Calabasas, California.
Kim Kardashian has got an unwanted visit from a stranger that left her calling for cops. TMZ has just come out with a report that a man showed up at the "Kourtney and Kim Take New York" star's home in Beverly Hills on Saturday, January 28 night with the intention of staying at the house.
Carrying luggage with him, the man claimed to have been flown to Los Angeles by Kim. He also said that he was supposed to be working on her reality show. His refusal to leave reportedly freaked the estranged wife of Kris Humpries out, leading a member of her security team to alert police.
It's unclear if the man was charged with a crime, but the former "Dancing with the Stars" contestant has already been spotted going out and about a day after the reported incident. On Sunday afternoon, she was photographed on a shopping trip in Calabasas, California. She was snapped wearing a bright yellow jacket, tight leather pants and a pair of Louboutin shoes.