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ELECTION 2017: Where to vote in Collie-Preston
Nathan Hondros Collie-Preston goes to the polls on March 11. Here's our round-up of the campaign.
A big fight for upper house seats
Andrew Elstermann A record field of 48 candidates will contest the six South West Upper House seats at Saturday's election.
A battleground bush seat
Andrew Elstermann This weekend the people of Collie-Preston will decided which one of the eight candidates they would like to lead them this weekend.
Labor pledge Eaton Urgent Care Clinic
Labor have thrown their support behind a plan to develop a suburban Urgent Care Clinic in Australind if they win the March election.
Collie-Preston candidates debate renewable energy future
Andrew Elstermann Seven of the eight candidates for Collie-Preston debated the future of Collie and renewable energy in the South West on Wednesday morning.
Labor propose $500,000 historic walking trail
WA Labor have pledged $500,000 for a historic walking trail between Eaton and Australind that focuses on local history.
It's time for daylight savings: Upper house candidate
Bunbury upper house candidate Brett Tucker hopes to win a parliamentary seat in March to push for daylight savings in WA.
Zyggi Uchwal to run for the upper house
Andrew Elstermann Bunbury's Zyggi Uchwal to run for the South West upper house as an independent candidate.

subset: commoncrawl


text: I like it but rusty. also really busy in learning department until late Dec. Strongly prefer study groups to gurus. As far as my expertise I worked through a couple chapters in Advanced Perl book a few years back. Have code examples. Have some limited license professional code packages I would like to work with that have been sitting for too long on my hard drive. Brian On Fri, Nov 4, 2011 at 6:02 PM, Ronald Cotoni <setient at gmail.com> wrote: > I am interested in learning Perl. I am not very good but I think a study > group could be useful especially if we have someone who is actually good at > it already. Anyone else interested? > > -- > Ronald Cotoni > Systems Engineer > > > _______________________________________________ > Noisebridge-discuss mailing list > Noisebridge-discuss at lists.noisebridge.net > https://www.noisebridge.net/mailman/listinfo/noisebridge-discuss > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.noisebridge.net/pipermail/noisebridge-discuss/attachments/20111104/aed6c963/attachment.htm


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carldoespics Photographer
Tamar-CharmaineModel Female Elmont, New York, US
My Website: http://www.belladolcelife.blogspot.comMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/tamarcharmaine
Mayhem # 1126942
About Me
Right now I am hungry to live my dreams and I'm serious. I won't stop at anything . I'm energetic, hard working, bubbly and friendly. I'd love to do print work and music videos. I would like to do classy and respectable music videos. Comprimising morals and values is not an option .I have a pretty open mind meaning I am willing to do any kind of shoot whether it be 1940's to 1960 pin up, experimental , bohemian, urban,preppy, barbie, or lady gaga inspired. I'm easy to work with and fun to be around and I hope this site will give me the correct networking tools i need and want for me to achieve my dreams. Currently I am a full time college student majoring in Media Studies/Communications....My ultimate goal is to become a T.V. host or news anchor.
I can do all things through christ, who strengthens me Phillipians 4:13
Have you worked with Tamar-Charmaine? Add Credits for Tamar-Charmaine! >>
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An old heirloom that has a nutty and slightly spicy flavor! This radish is making a comeback! Firm flesh that holds up well in meals.
Champion is a bright red, crisp, round radish with large tops. A good choice for early or late plantings.
The earliest maturing radish. Garden standard. This radish is an early mature that retains fine eating quality all season.
China Rose radish is one of the oldest heirloom radishes around. A very hardy type that can be grown year round. Roots are about 5 inches long, and a rose color.
Comet radish has a ruby red skin and crisp snow white flesh, with a globed and almost perfectly round shape, making it a popular super market variety for years.
One of the largest radishes that can be grown. This can grown up to 4 times a normal sized radish!
Early Scarlet Globe is a great bunching beet. Produces 1" globes with bright red skin and white flesh. Great for spring and fall planting.
Easter Egg Radish is a bright color blend of red, white, rose pink, purple, and bi-color (red top, white bottom) that is perfect for salads and relish trays.
The French Breakfast radish is an attractive uniquely shaped radish. It's roots are elongated with red tops and white tips.
Quick growing, suitable to both spring and fall planting. Begin harvesting radishes when nearly an inch across.
The Minowase, a Daikon radish, produces long tapered white radishes. The radish has a mild taste that is excellent for Oriental dishes.
Small round shape and early to harvest make it great for home and market growers.
Watermelon as excellent flavor and looks just like a watermelon inside! The watermelon radish has round root that is 4" in diameter.
The White Icicle radish is an heirloom variety of white radish which has a warm flavor.


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The Online Teacher Resource
Receive free lesson plans, printables, and worksheets by email:
- All About Plants
- From cells to biomes.
- Clear Visuals
- Fun Activities
Plants can carry out the process of photosynthesis. This is a chemical reaction that provides food for plants. Could you imagine if we could activate the process of photosynthesis within our bodies? It would bring a whole new meaning to dining outdoors! These worksheets help students understand key vocabulary and concepts within the plant family.
- 30+ Printables
- Crazy Weather
- Super Fun
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MIX Onlineby Ismael Burciaga | Web Tools | No Comments »
- Website: http://www.visitmix.com
Who Designed this Killer Website?
- Designed by: Unknown
My Thoughts On This Design
When I first visit MIX Online, I am drawn by the simplicity of the site mainly because of the colorful dots laying around above the top fold. Secondly, I like how the borders of each module, or section, do not fully expand all the way to each end, but stop before reaching the gutter. It gives the module more of a design element rather than just a plain border.
I am a big fan of print design. I actually started my career as a print designer, but then soon evolved to a web designer. In MIX Online, I like how the designer tried to bring in elements from print design to the website by the use of borders, spacing, headline typography and serif fonts to display content within a module. Another interesting element are the two-tone color images used for the authors pictures. Sometimes just using regular images can get boring and these guys went outside of the box.
The one thing I am NOT a big fan of are the icons used for the social networks on the homepage. I think they could have chosen better icons that don't have a lot of shadows and apple reflections. I can't stand when a designer has a nice website, but then decides to throw in crappy social icons. Here are 33 amazing icons that you can choose from just don't pick the grassy ones or the beverage shaped ones. Overall this site is beautiful.
If you know who designed this website, please let me know. Thanks


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UPDATE: See My Review of the Nespresso Pixie Espresso Brewer.
UPDATE: The Nespresso Pixie has Launched in the US with a Pre-Sale at Williams Sonoma. I'll have a Nespresso Pixie in for Review in the coming days.
Nespresso is launching the new Nespresso Pixie Brewer "This Spring" according to a confirmation I received today detailing the new product and its features. The surprisingly small Pixie will no doubt take up a minimal amount of room on your countertop brewing up a classic Nespresso shot without taking up much real estate. Of course it will run on Nespresso capsules allowing buyers to choose from over a dozen blends and seasonal and limited edition blends that liven up the overall coffee selection.
The sides of the Pixie are colored aluminum, with an ABS case, stainless drip tray and an alloy handle to make for a pretty stout, and attractive piece.
"The sleek and compact new design of the machine features side panels in anodized aluminum inspired by industrial, minimalist design. Pixie, available in six bold and vibrant colors, projects a daring new look for Nespresso." Those colors are: Electric Indigo, Electric Red, Electric Titan, Electric Lime, Electric Aluminum and Electric Steelblue.
Espresso and Lungo; Auto Shut Off, Low Water Alert
The machine will have Espresso and Lungo settings brewing up 1.35 ounces and 4.75 ounces of espresso respectively. Like other automatic Nespresso machines, the Pixie's settings can be customized by the user. The Pixie will also feature an automatic shut-off much like the Nespresso Citiz brewer, so that it saves energy. The Pixie will automatically shut off after 9 minutes of non-use, which can be changed by the user up to a maximum of 30 minutes. My Nespresso Essenza does not do this, and I have left it on all day on occasion.
There will be a new Nespresso brewer launched in 2011, and a new marketing firm (Brando) has been brought onboard to help launch it this year. Coming off the buzz generated by the Kazaar Limited Edition, they have a high bar to get over when it comes to creating market demand. After the Citiz brewer, it will be interesting to see what design direction they take their newest unit it. Will it be an all-in-one unit, or a new stand alone espresso only style unit?
Update: Well the first signs of the Pixie are out from none other than Nespresso USA with its recent appearance on a morning news show. The Pixie looks to be about 6-7-inches high and about 3-4 inches wide. At that size, it would be dwarfed by the seemingly small Citiz at about 3-inches (body) wide and about 12 inches high. - Thanks Josh
It appears that the launch is in Q1 2011, but if the agency is just coming on board now, and has the responsibility for a global campaign, they need some time; maybe the end of Q1? They could follow the Citiz launch pattern; The Citiz unit was sent out for pre-launch reviews in March, leading to a springtime lunch somewhere on the Globe.....
We'll keep you posted.....
A new single serve espresso machine has debuted from a coffee shop retailer with a footprint in several US states and several countries around the world. The CBTL brewing system is a capsule based espresso machine that offers the ability to not only brew espresso, but also regular coffee and tea; four varieties each for a total of twelve capsules currently.
The new line includes two machines the Contata and the Kaldi, which both include a twin pressure system allowing for 15-bar brewing of espresso and a lower pressure, 3.5-bar brewing of tea and coffee. The cups sizes are pre-programmed giving you the option of a short and long espresso or a regular 8-ounce coffee brew size.
The Kaldi (shown above) comes in 3 colors (blue, red and white), and retails for $149, while the Contata (below) comes in the one color and retails for $129.
Sara Lee is making the news lately with its success and expansion of their L'OR EsspressO capsules that are compatible with Nespresso machines. The pitched battle has Nespresso crying foul, concerned that the capsules violate the layered product patents covering Nespresso design and functionality, while Sara Lee see opportunity in selling a capsule that they must believe lie outside that patent barrier.
In a recent conversation with company spokesman Ernesto Duran, I learned that Sara Lee is pleased with their sales so far of the L'OR EspressO capsules in France and their recent launch is the Netherlands is on track to perform very well too, as results are exceeding expectations. In France, Sara Lee has sold over 100 million L'OR EspressO capsules, while reaching over a million households there since April 2010.
In the Netherlands, the capsules are sold online and through the company's Douwe Egberts corner café-stores that allow for quick and broad distribution. The result is that the L'OR EspressO capsules are already one of the best selling products in those stores cafes. Douwe Egberts was founded in the Netherlands, and with that strong distribution channel it is easy to see why Sara Lee chose the Netherlands for their second market. If you can't reach a café-store, Sara Lee opened up an online market, allowing consumers to get the capsules shipped directly to their homes.
No Current Plans for US Launch
While Sara Lee's the L'OR capsules "have the potential for global success, it would be premature to talk about any specific plans beyond the existing markets," according to company spokesman Ernesto Duran. So while we can hope to have more variety of capsules here in the US, there are no public plans to launch them here just yet.
A quick update on the saga of companies trying to sell Nespresso Compatible Espresso Capsules; a court ordered the supermarket chain Denner SA to stop selling their own version of the compatible capsules because they violated Nespresso's patented technology. The supermarket is reconsidering their options and indicated that they believed that they could still sell them legally.
Recall that Sara Lee is selling four varieties of Nespresso Compatible coffee under the L'Or Espresso mark. There were rumors about the Sara Lee L'Or capsules coming to the US, but I have not heard any more new on this rumor.
In other news, Sara Lee just announced that they are selling the L'Or espresso capsules via mail order in the Netherlands. In a recent press release they indicated that they had 40% penetration into French homes with a Nespresso machine. Now if I were Nespresso, I'd be worried if nearly half of may user base had tried my competitors product that had been on the market since April of 2010. They claim to have sold over a million capsules already. The Sara Lee L'Or Espresso Press Release was put out in English which to me means that they are targeting English speaking countries with the news..... like potentially seeding the US market for a similar launch. I'd like to try them; bring it on.


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Towel Warmer - Regent by Warm Rails
Item #: 695936635497 Stock Status: May Ship From Manufacturer
Rated 4 of 5
The Towel Warmer - Regent is a must-have accessory in the bathroom. This item makes towels toasty warm when you get out of the shower or bathtub.Wouldn't it be great to feel like somebody special every morning? With the Regent style towel rack, you're sure to feel like royalty. The Regent style towel rack warms your towel to toasty perfection for your use, and efficiently dries it when you are done. A staple in European homes, a towel warmer can warm and dry not only towels, but quickly dries delicate clothing as well. Even those wet scarves, gloves and sweaters that seem to pile up during the rainy season will be safely dried by this towel warmer. Economically practical, this towel warmer runs on only pennies a day, and by drying your wet towels quickly and preventing them from becoming musty, it reduces the need to constantly wash and dry towels - saving you time and money. Easy to mount to your bathroom wall.
Product Dimensions Additional Product Info
- Important Product Information:
- Ground shipping only.
- Items may be drop-shipped from the manufacturer. Please allow an extra week for delivery.
- Gift wrapping not available for this item.
Product Dimensions Additional Product Info


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Originally posted by Inactive UserOriginally posted by Inactive Useryes. and we can go all day on why.
can anyone even tell me what a derivative is? an NGO? does anyone even know what a binary acid or the formula for acetic acid? or more simpler - methane without needing to google? I am really interested to know who I am dealing with..
says someone with a pokemon avatar...im clearly dealing with adolescents. why did i even come in a OF thread, i don't even give a fuck about these wackos.
Yeah, got a pokemon avatar and you scrape the plaque off other niggas teeth for a living
and why everything OF related always turns into fights LMFAO i remember when tyler had his fb regular, every status people would be arguing on it


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First Cruise with Royal Caribbean: Enchantment of the Seas Cruise Review by richcrow
Overall Member Rating
First Cruise with Royal Caribbean
Destination: Canada & New England
Embarkation: Baltimore
We started with a great time in Baltimore capped off with a wonderful pre-cruise dinner at G&M Seafood Restaurant. There were a total of 12 Cruise Critics at the dinner where we all had top notched Maryland crab cakes.
We booked one night before and one night after the cruise at Comfort Inn Airport. Hotel was just ok, but the price was reasonable which included a full breakfast and a shuttle to the cruise terminal.
Arrived at the cruise terminal at 11:00 am and was on-board having lunch around 11:45 am. Boarding and departing the ship in Baltimore was the easiest of any cruise terminal we have experienced.
Weather for our cruise was great except for Boston where we had rain and fog. Bar Harbor had a record high of 90 deg. while we were there. We enjoyed all of the ports, but Halifax was our favorite. In Halifax we had booked a More private tour with Your Cabs. Our driver was Jonathon Duru who has to the best tour guide we have ever booked. His knowledge of the history of Halifax, the Titanic and Peggy's Cove was outstanding.
As for the Enchantment, Like I have stated, this was our first cruise with RCI and we were very pleased. When comparing the Enchantment to most of the Carnival ships that we have sailed with, I would have to say that RCI's style is more to our liking. Food was as good or better and entertainment was comparable. Our stateroom was smaller than on Carnival but had much more storage available. Now for the negative. I'm sure that I am not the first to observe this, but RCI must do something about the overcrowding of the public rooms such as the theater and the Market Place buffet. I understand that this was caused by the addition of staterooms during the last refit. I would hope that RCI will address this during Enchantment's next refit. Less
Published 10/20/11
Cabin review: H3124 Large Ocean View Stateroom
Small as compared to like stateroom on Carnival but adequate. Much more storage than other cruise lines we have sailed with.Read All Large Ocean View Stateroom (H) Reviews >>
Port and Shore Excursions
Read Cruise Critic's Enchantment of the Seas Review >>
3 Night Full Moon Cruise
An overall great cruise
Exceeded expectations
OLD OLD OLD Boat
Positive Cruising Experience!
Family vacation
Sorry to report
Do not choose this cruise unle...
My first cruise!
Sponsored Links


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R K Photoelectronics & Colour Lab
Address: 48-50, Mint Rd, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka, 400001
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by Staff Writers
San Diego CA (SPX) Feb 05, 2013
Following the recent announcement of a strategic Teaming Agreement, Envision Solar International and Horizon Energy Group have announced that they had executed a Memorandum of Understanding, dated November 20, 2012, and the commencement of design work on a Solar Forest in North Carolina. The Solar Forest will be comprised of approximately 2300 Solar Tree structures and will generate approximately 35 megawatts of clean renewable Solar energy when completed scheduled in 2014.
The Memorandum of Understanding is an exclusive agreement in place between Horizon Energy Group, an undisclosed property owner in North Carolina and Envision Solar.
Under the terms of the agreement Horizon Energy Group will be the Solar Forest developer and financier, the property owner will be the host and Envision Solar will be the exclusive provider of solar design, fabrication and delivery of its proprietary and patented Solar Tree structures. Installation of the Solar Tree structures is expected to commence in the 2nd quarter of 2013 and be completed by the end of 2014.
"This is a massive and exciting deployment of our products," said Desmond Wheatley, CEO of Envision Solar.
"We are thrilled to be working with Horizon on this installation which is ideally suited to our highly engineered Solar Trees. Now we really get to see the value of bringing a modularized and scalable product to market. Our Drag and Drop capabilities make it possible for us to deliver the very high quality that Horizon demands in a highly efficient and scalable manner keeping costs in check but never at the expense of quality. This will be by far our biggest deployment to date and we are ready for it."
Envision Solar and Horizon will work with Green Energy Corp and McKim Creed Green, who, together will comprise the lead development and delivery team for the project.
"We are delighted to be leading this project with a great team," said Steve Pullins, CEO of Horizon Energy Group.
"North Carolina has proven to be a prudent renewables development state where the people, utilities, and policy-makers are aligned to reduce dependence on finite energy resources. This installation will be a great benefit to all stakeholders. The skills of our team are unique in the industry, and we believe that this Solar Forest, as the anchor of our microgrid plan, will be the model for future installations. We are creating a sustainable and reliable renewable energy generation plant which will serve the region for decades."
Envision's Solar Tree structures will be assembled locally and installed at the site by local resources contributing to employment in green industries in North Carolina.
Related Links
Envision Solar International
All About Solar Energy at SolarDaily.com
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Yet more tourists going to New Zealand in February.
I am looking for a posh romantic restaurant in Queenstown/Arrowtown or Christchurch. I also welcome reccomendations for restaurants that highlight local NZ ingredients in Christchurch, the West Coast and Marlborough. For the romantic dinner, I am thinking of the The Postmaster's House in Arrowtown, but welcome other suggestions.
Any wineries in Central Otago or Marlborough that one shouldn't miss? So far, we plan to see Amisfield, Mount Edward and Wairau River.
On a different note, is the Indonesian restaurant in Napier worth a visit?


text: I would like to ask if it would be possible that reported members (reported through the button on the profile), can be blocked from making from updates in the travel guide, until the report is handled. I know this is going against the open wiki format of the guide, but at the moment I am revering post a jameel10 is making in all the South African cities, which is frustrating as well. If such a person can be blocked for 1 hour, I guess it would be sufficient enough, to make him go away.


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335d Torque/BT data collection
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Officially Welcomed to the 'Fest
Location: Midwest
Join Date: Sep 2010
Posts: 429
Mein Auto: 4 diesels
View My Garage
A couple more pulls were performed after getting some local fuel back in the tank (~1/2 tank added after long drive the previous night). Think the other fuel was less than optimum based on these results.
Temp was more than 10F warmer than previous testing. Below shows comparisons of the remap stacked with JBD at 0 and ~65%. The "Main" and Run 1 are 0%, Runs 2/3 are 65%. Again, was being careful not to give full fuel at low rpm's . . .
Also showing some of the "speed" data which is interesting. For these 3rd gear pulls the full fueling is occuring between ~45-75mph. The 50-70 times are thus right in the main thrust of the test. The reported times are nice.
Also, still not seeing any engine parameters that are over stressed. Although the pulls happen so fast that this is somewhat expected. If you were continuing this kind of stress (towing or racing for example) it would likely be a much different story.
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On August 9th we were arriving back in Santa Fe after a vacation excursion to the Grand Canyon, Monument Valley and mesa Verde National Park. Michael Brown was being shot and killed in Ferguson, Missouri by police officer Darren Wilson. Riots broke out throughout the St. Louis area as news broke that Brown had his hands up when the cop shot him. The killing of unarmed Black men by police has become epidemic in America as racism rears its ugly head in opposition to a Black President.
I wasn't able to watch the television coverage of the riots because the casita where I was staying didn't have a TV but I did follow it on social media and through the New York Times. Yesterday a grand jury decided no charges were to be filed against the police officer and more unrest followed. Confronting violence with violence runs counter to everything Ghandi and martin Luther King Jr. have taught us. Sometimes tempers flare however and great injustice demands civil disobedience. That should never include violence though. Looting, shootings and theft of other's property won't win any converts to one's arguments.
We know we live in an era of The New Jim Crow where mass incarceration fueled by unconstitutional stop and frisk harassment by police is funded by federal government grants. Growing up in America as a Black man is dangerous to one's health and well being even in the 21st century. America hasn't really come very far in terms of race relations. The virulent statements and deeds by the KKK regarding Ferguson amidst other threats to the President and other African Americans is ample evidence.
Speaking of evidence the grand jury decision came as no surprise to many. There simply aren't any consequences when white cops shoot African American men. The testimony was taken by a grand jury which worked in secrecy with no cross examination of witnesses. The lack of transparency makes it all suspicious which will only feed the sense that justice was denied. If the prosecutor really wanted to pursue justice in this case he should have filed charges against Darren Wilson and let an open and public jury trial determine the evidence and render a verdict. The Brown family, the people of Ferguson and the Black community nationwide was denied such justice.
Why is it we hardly ever hear of unarmed White men being gunned down by cops? The militarization of police became a national issue because of Ferguson. Many community activists and leaders have questioned the wisdom of such tactics following the vast over reaction seen on televisions by millions. This may be the only good that comes from Ferguson. Yesterday "verdict" was a shame.


text: Depth Gate is a Berlin based Dj and runs Dub Isotope. His strongly influenced by Dubby & Bass Music in the 70 - 180 BPM range. He often bridges deep and ruff Sounds together and moves between the borders of Drum N Bass, Dubstep, Dubtechno, House Music . With a background as a Turntablist he tries to integrate skills during Live Dj Sets. He is also involved with 90 Bpm Sound especially with atmospherical Hip Hop Instrumentals and underground Hip Hop and plays under the Name of Djeez.Depth Gate's biography Depth Gate Musician


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When Rebecca Crescenti decided to move out of her career as an administrative manager she realized that what she really wanted to do was go back to college and finish what she had started after high school - before marriage and children took her on a different path.
With her children now firmly planted on their own paths - one in the Air Force, one a 2009 graduate from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo on her way to law school in Chicago, and one a student at Merced College who plans to transfer to UC Merced to major in anthropology - Crescenti has returned to student life.
After earning her associate degree with high honors at Fresno City College, she
transferredto UC Merced in Fall 2009 to major in
literature and cultures, and minor in
Finding her way back to student life after decades focused on career and family has brought Crescenti face-to-face with the unique challenges and culture shock that non-traditional students deal with on campuses across the country.
"As a non-traditional student it has been very difficult learning how to maneuver through the school system and the social system without taking it personally," Crescenti said of the differences in age, experience and interests. "During (new student) orientation I was told that as a parent I should go to another room."
Crescenti says every day she grapples with not fitting in, but the pros of being at UC Merced outweigh the cons.
"I chose to be in the situation, so it's up to me to make the best of it," she said. "I have to keep in mind that I'm not the only one, so I want to get people together to talk about what they're dealing with and use it as a strength instead of feeling isolated."
Determined to make the situation work, and recognizing that she is not alone in her struggle to find a niche for herself; Crescenti contacted other schools in the UC system to find out how they reach out to non-traditional students. From there, she was able to weed out what has worked and what hasn't. As a result, she is working to establish a re-entry club for students who are returning to college life after a long hiatus.
"The group is made up of people who listen to you when you need to talk," she said. "They're going through it with you."
For now, the meetings are informal. Members get together for dinner, walks and occasional hikes in Yosemite, which encourages conversation and connection.
"We're in the process of becoming a formal club, but first we have to get all the members in the same room at the same time," Crescenti laughed. "It's difficult with non-traditional students because we all have jobs, families, and well, non-traditional lives."
Crescenti is back where she wants to be and has the advantage of experience reminding her of that every day. This deep understanding is the driving force behind reaching out to other non-traditional students.
"There is no such thing as instant gratification," she said of the road to graduation, "and there is no guarantee at the end of the process. But it is worth it."


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Epidemiologic field units on narcotic-related problems
Concept of epidemiologic field unit
Characteristics of an epidemiologic field unit
Areas of inquiry
Elaboration of areas
Components of a field unit onnarcotics
Exiting data bases
Continuous file
Periodic surveys
Follow-up studies
Qualitative studies
Types of field units
Author: A. RICHMAN, I. ROOTMAN
Pages: 17 to 28
Creation Date: 1982/01/01
Epidemiologic field units on narcotic-related problemsA. RICHMAN Professor, Training and Research Unit in Psychiatric Epidemiology, Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
I. ROOTMAN Chief, Health Promotion Studies Unit, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Much more understanding is needed of the epidemiology of narcotic-related problems. This paper describes a research strategy which is responsive to the heterogeneous nature of such problems. It is suggested that it is feasible and useful to establish, for defined geographic areas, epidemiologic field units which would have continuity be comprehensive and develop programmatically relevant information on a timely basis. The possible areas of inquiry and the components of such a unit are discussed.
A task force on the epidemiology of heroin and other narcotics sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) concluded that: "Heroin use is not a homogeneous phenomenon across the nation: it exists in enclaves; it thrives in certain neighbourhoods, communities and regions, and these enclaves are only partially defined by demographic factors such as age, sex and race. Although a great deal of public attention centres on national prevalence estimates, there is a growing realization that such estimates tend to conceal the clustering characteristic of heroin use" [ 1] .
While there is general agreement with this conclusion in the research community, there is some uncertainty regarding the most appropriate research strategy to deal with it. The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach which seems to us to have considerable merit in resolving some of the problems created by the phenomenon noted by the task force.
Specifically, we suggest that it may be desirable to establish what might be called epidemiologic field units to carry out long-term geographically-based studies of narcoticrelated problems in order to produce programmatically-significant knowledge. This paper will describe the characteristics and functions of one such field unit.
Concept of epidemiologic field unit
The concept of an epidemiologic field unit (EFU) for the study of narcotic-related problems is new. No existing units can be used as models upon which to build. There are, however, some models in related areas including agricultural research stations, epidemic field units, monitoring and surveillance programmes and epidemiologic field units for mental disorders.
Agricultural research stations have been established in many countries in order to bring theory and practice together, to hasten the application of science to current problems of agriculture, to speed up the implementation of new findings and to reduce the gap between basic and applied research. These stations are finely attuned to the immediate needs of its clients, have a proven record of achievement and are considered an instructive example for scientific policy-makers.
Epidemic field units have been located in many parts of the world which have endemic infectious diseases. They were intended to assist in the early identification of change in problems, to develop specific interventions as well as to enhance understanding of basic disease processes.
Monitoring and surveillance programmes have been established to provide prompt warning and early intelligence of changes in the extent and characteristics of specific disorders. These programmes have been based either on the use of existing vital statistics or on specially created systems. Colonies of animals have been used for assessing the spread of viral diseases. In the substance abuse field, information systems such as the drug abuse warning network (DAWN) system in the United States have been developed and used for monitoring the experience of intervention programmes with which substance abusers might come into contact.
Finally, epidemiologic field units have been established in the mental health field. The idea for such units grew out of large-scale community research studies where it became apparent that there was either a need to collate different sources of data, or to assess community changes over longer periods of time.
These examples, none of which alone is sufficient to provide a prototype for a field unit on narcotic-related problems, do provide some clues as to what such a unit might look like.
Characteristics of an epidemiologic field unit
While, in our opinion, it is possible to argue about the desirable characteristics of an epidemiologic field unit on narcotics, among its essential characteristics are: defined geographic area, continuity, comprehensiveness, programmatic relevance and timeliness.
As noted by the NIDA task force [ 1] , there is considerable diversity in patterns of heroin use across the country. This diversity is difficult to capture using standard approaches such as national surveys. Thus, it seems to us that one of the necessary characteristics of a field unit on narcotics is that it focuses on a defined geographic area. Such an area should be of manageable population size--less than a large metropolitan area, yet of sufficient size to have the range of substance-related problems to justify continuing scrutiny. It is not realistic to attempt to select an area on the basis of represen- tativeness or "typicality" since no such "Middletown" exists from which data can be generalized to the national scene.
Since there are relatively rapid changes in patterns of narcotic use over time in communities, continuity is a necessary characteristic of a fled unit on narcotic-related problems. Such continuity allows for the assessment of transitions between stages of drug use and problems that the NIDA task force felt were important in the development of our knowledge of narcotic-related problems [ 1] .
Comprehensiveness is also a necessary characteristic of an epidemiologic fled unit on narcotics because of the increasing observation that the "typical" pattern of narcotic use involves the use of many other types of drugs. It is therefore essential for a field unit to consider the interrelationships of substances used by particular groups, factors which affect patterns of usage over time and the chronology of these patterns of use and problems.
A fourth, but necessary, characteristic of a field unit on narcotics is programmatic relevance. The knowledge obtained through such a unit must be of use to people who have to make policy or programme decisions in the drug problem field. Thus, a major objective of an epidemiologic field unit on narcotics would be to provide information that can assist planners in establishing priorities, targeting populations and groups for interventions, developing intervention strategies and providing feedback to enhance the efficacy of intervention activities.
Finally, timeliness is an essential characteristic of a field unit on narcotics. This is an aspect of programmatic relevance as decision makers often require up-to-date information in order to make the right decisions. Current approaches to epidemiologic research often do not result in such timely information.
Areas of inquiry
Programmatic relevance is an important characteristic of an epidemiologic field unit on narcotic-related problems. This leads to the question of what programmatically relevant questions should such a field unit address. There are eight such questions, or areas of inquiry, which a group of epidemiologists and social scientists working in the drug problem field felt were programmatically relevant [ 2] . Although originally stated in terms of "drug-related problems" the questions could be stated in terms of "narcotic related problems". The areas of inquiry are:
What is the extent and distrbution of narcotic use and narcotic-related problems?
How can changes in the extent, distrbution and pattern of narcotic use and related problems be measured and assessed and monitored early, reliably and efficiently?
What are the factors and processes involved in person-to-person or place-to place spread of narcotic use and related problems, and to changes over time?
What are the programmatically relevant characteristics of persons with various types of narcotic-related problems?
What is the course and outcome of narcotic-related problems of various types and severity?
What are the social, behavioral and biological correlates of narcotic-related problems?
What are the relationships between institutional arrangements and narcoticrelated problems?
What is the impact of policy and programmes on the incidence and prevalence of narcotic-related problems?
These areas are certainly not the only ones that might be specified, but they seem to be sufficiently comprehensive to provide a reasonable framework for the work of an epidemiologic field unit on narcotic-related problems, and they will, therefore, be described in more detail.
Elaboration of areas
Extent and distribution of narcotic use
This questions fundamental to any epidemiologic inquiry, for epidemiology is the study of the distribution of a disease or health condition in a population and of the determinants of that distribution [ 3] . The former is critical to the latter because, as noted by Richman [ 4] , the study of the causes of things must be preceded by the study of the things caused. In addition, simply knowing where conditions are located socially and geographically and their magnitude is useful in determining points of intervention for prevention or treatment. Thus, the question is one that should be pursued on an ongoing basis by researchers in the field of narcotics epidemiology.
The question of what is a narcotic-related problem is, of course, critical to this enterprise; the objective of most national, regional and local organizations working in the field is to prevent or reduce these problems. Defining what is a narcotic-related problem in a totally satisfactory manner is, however, not a simple task. What is defined as a problem depends as much on who is doing the defining as it does on the nature of the phenomenon under consideration.
It is unlikely that we will ever have complete agreement on the definition of "narcotic-related problems". If, however, we were to take prevailing medical and social standards as benchmarks, it would be possible to make reasonable judgements regarding what constitutes a "narcotic-related problem" today, if we consider such problems in terms of "physical, mental and social damage associated with narcotics use". What is being talked about, to use the terminology of the LeDain Commission of Inquiry in to the Non-Medical Use of Drugs [ 5] , are the "dangerous" or adverse consequences of narcotics use. This might include consequences such as death, various forms of illness such as hepatitis, and crime required to maintain an adequate supply of narcotics.
Extent refers to the amount of narcotic use and problems which exist in the population. Measurements of the amount can change because of additions to, or subtractions from, the group who are using or who have problems. The rate of addition or increment is best measured by incidence. Trends or projections of change in extent are crucial for problem definition, for monitoring high-risk groups and for determining points for intervention.
The extent of narcotic use or problems may be assessed in terms of the following indices of morbidity:
Point prevalence (now)
Period prevalence (e.g. 12 months)
Incidence (onset for first time in an individual's life during a specified time period)
Lifetime prevalence (ever use)
Distribution refers to the location of use or problems in personal, social or geographic terms. Distribution includes:
Demographic (e.g. age, sex)
Societal groups (e.g. ethnic, religious)
Special populations (e.g. arrestees, school, military)
Medical treatment or other high-risk groups with social or psychological problems
Region, suburban and urban
Ecological relations (e.g. census tract, micro-geography)
Changes (indirection, amount and rate) over time in incidence and prevalence of use of various types of drug-related problems within the above person and place classifications
Early, reliable and efficient monitoring of changes in the extent, distribution and pattern of narcotic use and related problems
It is essential to have reliable methods for early, rapid provision of valid information on changes in the extent, distribution and types of narcotic use and problems in the community. Such information is important to the local community and to regional and national organizations as it facilitates effective responses within a reasonable period of time and may even permit forecasting of future trends. This information might be provided through direct monitoring or surveillance, or through the use of indirect indicators.
Factors and processes involved in person-to-person or place-to-place spread of narcotic-related problems, and in changes over time
Spreading is one of the most striking features of narcotic-related problems with rapid changes in time and diffusion to new groups and places. The dynamics of this spreading is a crucial area for study because of the implications for prevention which may flow from better understanding of this phenomenon. Mathematic and geographic models of the diffusion of this form of innovation may be particularly helpful in unravelling the mechanisms involved in the spread of narcotic-related problems from person-to person, place-to-place or time-to-time.
Programmatically relevant characteristics of persons with narcotic-related problems
In order for intervention programmes to be effective, they must have accurate and relevant information on certain characteristics of the persons or groups to whom they are directed. Such programmatically relevant characteristics might include previous treatment experiences, sex, social networks, employment status, marital situation and patterns of previous and current use of substances. Identifying these characteristics can give programmes valuable assistance in matching individuals with the most effective approaches as well as in altering programme effort in the appropriate directions.
Included under this area of inquiry would be the development of methods for systematic comparison of the similarities or differences in the personal, clinical or social characteristics of groups with narcotic-related problems.
Such methods are essential for assessing the generality of treatment results or programme intervention, for ensuring that research findings can be compared from time-to-time and from place-to-place and for evaluation of clinical experience in non-experimental situations.
Course and outcome of narcotic-related problems of various types and severity
This area refers to the natural or life history of narcotic-related problems. Knowledge of the course and the outcome can be useful to treatment and prevention programmes by helping to predict in advance the likely sequence and timing of events. This should considerably improve programme planning. Questions such as whether or not persons whose narcotic-related problems are ascertained by treatment entry have different courses and outcomes from those identified by other means are particularly crucial for such purposes. Information on course and outcome is also critical in the identification of possible causal factors.
Correlates of narcotic-related problems
Although "correlates" are not the same as "causes" the study of the former in and of itself is extremely useful both in terms of providing clues about causes and suggesting reasonable courses of intervention. In using our knowledge of correlates for these purposes, however, we must be extremely careful to avoid reaching unwarranted conclusions. For example, correlations of poverty and its manifestations with narcotic dependence did not demonstrate that poverty causes narcotic dependence, nor that reduction in poverty would reduce narcotic-related problems. It is also possible that the method of ascertainment may result in persons with narcotic-related problems having characteristics which are due to the method of identification rather than the cause or consequence of narcotics use. These correlates of ascertainment may not be amenable to intervention, or if they are, the problem may persist unchanged. Nevertheless, if we exercise caution in interpreting correlations there is considerable merit in carrying out systematic studies to determine the social, behavioural and biological correlates of narcotic-related problems, especially in view of the difficulty of conducting the types of prospective studies with random assignment which are required to demonstrate that a correlate is probably a cause.
Relationships between institutional arrangements and narcotic-related problems
Improved understanding of how institutional arrangements are related to the extent and distribution of narcotic-related problems is important because of possible policy implications. For example, research directed at unravelling the relationships of narcotic related problems to law enforcement practices and social values and concerns should be useful.
Impact of policy and programmes on the incidence and prevalence of narcotic related problems
Epidemiologic research techniques and methods frequently lend themselves to assessing the effects of programmes and policies. But it would be a mistake to overlook its potential in the field of narcotic-related problems. As a result, this area of inquiry has been explicitly included. Research in this area might profitably deal with such questions as: What is the impact of legislation on narcotic-related problems? To what extent has intervention resulted in the target population being reached? And what impact have particular programmes had on the extent of narcotic-related problems in the community?
Components of a field unit onnarcotics
The specific activities of a field unit on narcotics, in our opinion, would merit consideration in modular form. Specifically, we suggest that an epidemiologic field unit on narcotics might include the following components or modules:
Analysis of existing data bases;
Maintenance and analysis of a continuous unduplicated file of contacts with intervention agencies;
Periodic surveys of the population and of persons in contact with official agencies;
Follow-up of persons identified in the continuous file or agency surveys;
Qualitative studies of the narcotics scene;
Assessment of interrelations of above components.
Exiting data bases
Work in this module would focus on areas of inquiry (a), (d), (f) and (g).It would involve the analysisandenhancementofavailablestatisticsonnarcoticuseandproblems in the selected community. These data bases might include existing data on morbidity, mortality, homicide, reported crimes, arrests, motor-vehicle accidents and poisonings. The field unit would be concerned with input, regional analyses and enhancing the methodology of data utilization.
With respect to input, the unit would focus on procedures used to obtain, record and check reports at the source. Attention would be directed to the reliability of the data, coverage (gaps and overlaps) of the reporting universe, and variability between agencies in definition, completeness and quality. It would attempt to resolve problems along these dimensions and thereby improve the quality of the data.
The field unit would also attempt to develop regional analyses that are specific for the local community. These analyses would also differentiate sub-populations (for example, school age populations, homeless people etc.). Their interest would be to reduce the distortion and bias produced by aggregating diverse data from diverse sources.
Attempts would also be made to enhance the analyses of data by differentiating events from individuals and developing new methods of presentation which are readily understood but not overly simplified. These attempts may result in collaborative studies with data sources, statistical agencies and potential users.
Useful references in the development of such a module might be World Health Organization (WHO) publications on "Drug abuse reporting systems" [ 6] and "Guidelines for investigating alcohol problems and developing appropriate responses" [ 7] .
Continuous file
This module would focus on all areas of inquiry with the possible exception of (f). It would primarily involve agencies specifically directed to the treatment and rehabilitation of narcotic-dependent persons. It may also involve services where the volume of narcotic-related problems is relatively high and ascertainment of these cases is relatively reliable.
The file itself would consist of an accumulation of records of contacts of narcotic dependent persons with the selected agencies. It would be continuous in that it would include all contacts with the source agencies on a regular basis. It should record at least the following data:
Personal identifying information so as to be able to identify various events reported for an individual over time from different agencies and to provide analysis based on individuals (rather than on events);
The social and demographic characteristics of the individual should include the basic census questions as well as some type of address coding to permit analysis of geographic distributions;
The characteristics of the clinical disorder for which treatment is being given. In treatment agencies this should include diagnosis, type of substance use, frequency, intensity and duration of consumption, correlates or complications of the disorder and history of previous types of intervention:
The nature and type of intervention, referrals elsewhere, and use of clinical or social resources.
The file should be able to accomplish the following objectives:
Provide a picture of treatment utilization in the community, a longitudinal perspective of repeated contacts with one or more agencies overtime;
Identify the extent of resource absorption and characteristics of resource absorbed (i.e. recidivists);
Characterize the relationship between agencies and patients; particularly patient flow within and between agencies;
Identify persons who might be followed in other communities.
Emphasis should be placed on the quality, reliability and validity of the data. Computerization is not necessarily an asset and should not delay the development of tabulations and analyses. Generally, this continuous file would provide substantial information on the small proportion of narcotic-dependent persons who enter treatment agencies. The WHO publication "Core data for epidemiological studies of non-medical drug use" [ 8] may be helpful in designing this module as well as the publication "Drug abuse reporting systems" [ 6] .
Periodic surveys
This module would focus on all areas of inquiry except (e)and (f). It would consist of systematic surveys of intervention agencies not included in the continuous file, as well as population surveys. Its purpose would be to supplement the epidemiologic picture obtained of the "visible tip of the iceberg" with data from sources which allow assessment of the "non-visible" part. The surveys might be repeated to enable trends to be identified.
Perodic surveys of agencies would provide a systematic, cross-sectional perspective of a broader range of agencies (including emergency rooms, in-patient wards, education or welfare agencies) than would the continuous file. The treatment needs of those identified may be quite different from those in treatment in continuous file agencies.
Other WHO publications would be useful in developing this module. These include: "Review of general population surveys of drug abuse" [ 9] , "A methodology for student drug use surveys" [ 10] , and "Drug use among non-student youth" [ 11] .
Follow-up studies
This module is directed primarily to area of inquiry (e)(course and outcome) but also bears on area of inquiry (f)(correlates). Follow-up studies permit people in the community to consider the natural history of disorders, to assess the significance of data obtained from intervention agencies and to form a panel of former patients whose need and use of intervention can be studied intensively and directly.
The primary follow-up studies consist of a first-hand follow-up of groups currently or recently in contact with intervention agencies. This could be done using interviews, postal questionnaires or similar techniques. This follow-up could be initiated at the time of the first contact of the person with the intervention agency. Cohorts could be stratified to include an adequate number of women. Secondary follow-up studies would consist of a follow-up of a group in contact with intervention agencies in the past through contacts recorded in various files. The continuous file of contacts might be one such source.
It should be noted that ethical and confidential requirements must be maintained in such studies. Informed consent permitting later contact for health research could be sought at the time of initial contact with treatment agencies.
In developing this module, WHO publication "A methodology for evaluation of drug dependence treatment and rehabilitation" [ 12] might be useful.
Qualitative studies
This module would focus primarily on area of inquiry (b)but also on areas (g)and (h). It includes the development of a "spotter-sentinel network" and participant observation studies.
The spotter-sentinel network would consist of knowledgeable persons in key locations in the community who would be periodically surveyed regarding characteristics of narcotics use and users. The network might include persons in health, correction facilities, welfare agencies, pharmacies, morticians as well as former users. This widespread network would rapidly provide gross or impressionistic answers to specific questions on drug users with whom the observer may come in contact, and on the nature of the "drug scene".
Participant observation studies would involve systematic observations of the drug scene by persons trained in techniques of ethnomethodology.
The WHO publication "Guidelines for investigating alcohol problems and developing appropriate responses" [ 7] might be useful in developing this module.
This module bears on all of the areas of inquiry and is perhaps the most difficult of the activities of the field unit. It represents an attempt to integrate the other five modules to produce a more systematic, coherent account of the chronology and manifestation of various types of narcotic-related problems in the community. It would involve identifying which part of the spectrum of narcotic problems is described by which module, the leads or lags in data from different modules, and the time sequence and interrelations of the phenomena described in the different modules.
In the city of New York the number of new intensive users began to decrease before a reduction in supply and before a reduction in demand [ 13] . This module would assess the meaning of such interrelations, and attempts might also be made to develop approaches different from those enumerated here [ 14] , [ 15] .
Types of field units
It is not essential that all epidemiologic field units on narcotics are alike. One advantage is that this permits variability depending on local needs, organizational circumstances and funding contingencies.
Field units vary in terms of coverage and intensity of activity. In this respect, a field unitcouldencompassallofthemoduleswhichhavebeendescribedoronlysomeofthem. Similarly, it might conduct all analyses itself or transmit data to a central point for such analyses. Three possible types of field units could:
Collect basic data set material under the supervision of a data manager and transmit it to another centre for analysis;
Collect the data, carry out data analyses within the unit by a researcher with some epidemiologic skills. In addition to collecting basic data set material, this field unit might he involved in enhancing data quality and analyses at the local level;
Encompass all six modules and engage in the full analysis of these data. Such a field unit would develop, pilot and improve the basic data sets and analyses used in the above-mentioned types of units. In addition, this field unit, which requires a well-trained and fully experienced epidemiologist, would develop research projects focused on specific areas of inquiry and would provide the technical knowledge and leadership for the study of narcotics in other field units.
Field units could also vary in organizational relationships. They could exist in dependently of existing agencies, they could be units within an existing agency or they could consist of people drawn from existing agencies. They could also obtain funds from a single source or from numerous sources.
In any particular community, the exact nature of a field unit on narcotics will require assessment of local needs and circumstances. It is important, however, that epidemiologic field units on narcotics be structured so that their technical and research activities have long-term stability and are protected from perodic cruses in organization and management of intervention programmes.
The above description of the possibilities for epidemiologic field units on narcotic related problems is certainly not exhaustive and does not pretend to present a specific, rigid blueprint or action. It is simply intended to suggest that it may be both desirable and feasible to develop such units in some circumstances and to outline some of the considerations which might be involved. The decision to establish such units must then be made after carefully weighing the benefits and costs involved.
The main benefit is that it should help to unravel the complex and changing nature of narcotic use and its consequences and thereby lead to the development of more effective interventions. The costs would vary depending on the number of personnel required, the area to be covered, the mandate and scope of the unit. We would suggest that in most circumstances where there is a serious, ongoing narcotics problem, the benefits would outweigh the costs.
The assistance of National Health Research and Development Program Award Number 6603-1115-48 is acknowledged.
The Epidemiology of Heroin and other Narcotic, J. D. Rittenhouse, ed., National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 16 (Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1977), p. 247.002
I. Rootman and others, A Canadian Strategy for Epidemiologic Research on Drug-Related Problems, Non-Medical Use of Drugs Directorate, Internal Report Series 160 (Ottawa, Health and Welfare Canada, 1975),pp. 2-3.003
D. Wigle, "The epidemiological approach ", in Epidemiology of Drug-Related Problems in Canada, Non-Medical Use of Drugs Directorate (Ottawa, Health and Welfare Canada, 1975), pp.1-26.004
A. Richman, "Critical concepts in the epidemiology of drug-related problems ", in Epidemiology of Drug-Related Problems in Canada, Non-Medical Use of Drugs Directorate (Ottawa, Health and Welfare Canada, 1975), pp. 29-46.005
G. LeDain and others, Final Report: Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs, Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs (Ottawa, Information Canada, 1973), pp. 12-22.006
I. Rootman and P. Hughes, "Drug abuse reporting systems ", World Health Organization Offset Publication No. 55 (Geneva, 1980).007
I. Rootman and J. Moser, "Guidelines for investigating alcohol problems and developing appropriate responses ", Division of Mental Health, unpublished draft report (World Health Organization Geneva).008
P. H. Hughes and others, "Core data for epidemiological studies of non-medical drug use ", World Health Organization Offset Publication No. 56 (Geneva, 1980).009
L. Johnston, "Review of general population surveys of drug abuse ", World Health Organization Offset Publication No. 52(Geneva, 1980).010
R. Smart and others, "A methodology for student drug use surveys ", World Health Organization Offset Publication No. 50 (Geneva, 1980).011
11. R. Smart and others, "Drug use among non-student youth", World Health Organization Offset Publication No. 60 (Geneva, 1981).012
12. J. Klett and others, "A methodology for evaluation of drug dependence treatment and rehabilitation", World Health Organization Offset Publication, in press (Geneva, 1981).013
13. D. C. des Jarlais and G. S. Uppal, "Heroin activity in New York city 1920-1978", American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse ,vol. 7, Nos. 3 and 4 (1980), pp. 335-346.014
14. W.J. Riley, M. O. Wagenfeld and S. Sonnad, " Triangulated investigating: an approach to the estimating of the extent of heroin use ", International Journal of the Addictions, vol .16, No. 1 (1981), pp. 97-108.015
15. A. Richman and H. Abbey, "Heroin epidemics-decline and fall of epidemiologic research ", in Proceedings of the Social Statistics Session, Part II, of the American Statistical Association, Boston, Mass. 1976 (Washington, D.C., American Statistical Association, 1976), pp. 711-714.


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By MITCHELL BROWN
(WARRENSBURG, Mo., digitalBURG) — The door opens, and the sound of Jerry Cantrell's power chords cuts through the air as Alice in Chain's "Man in the Box" blares from a radio.
A young man, appearing to be in his early 20s, dressed in blue jeans and a black fleece and a backward Hurley hat, stands facing a countertop that is decorated with a neatly arranged stack of fliers and a disheveled collection of receipts. He orders some burritos to go. About 15 minutes later, two young men in Army fatigues do the same.
The scene is a late Friday afternoon at Chego Burritos, one of Warrensburg's newest homegrown restaurants, which opened in early December 2013. The eatery is anomalous in that it's a lone food business nestled amongst a strip of commercial properties in which clothing boutiques dominate.
"I probably should have started a juice bar or a smoothie operation, given that I am surrounded by women's retail stores," said Chris O'Hearn, manager of Chego Burritos.
O'Hearn is not new to the restaurant business – his family members are restaurateurs by trade, for almost 20 years. They own Oriental Cuisine in Warrensburg, which O'Hearn also manages.
The word "Chego" is not Spanish, but Korean – it translates to "awesome." O'Hearn said the creation of Chego Burritos happened due to his family looking for new challenges and opportunities. One challenge is getting people to notice the new restaurant.
"It's tucked into a corner, so it gets less drive-by traffic," O'Hearn said.
Ricky Brooks, Warrensburg resident and Chego Burritos employee, said the location hinders business. But he said he also noticed more customers coming in now that UCM is back in session. Brooks commented that some customers have just wandered in, not knowing about the place, and then ordered.
Brooks said a lot of the restaurant's clientele are military personnel and college students, which he attributes to low prices and large portions.
When commenting on how Chego Burritos' food ranks alongside national chains, Brooks said it stacks up somewhere between Taco Bell and Chipotle.
"It's not junk food," he said. "The meat gets cut in the back, we grill it, we make all our own sauces, so it's not like you're going to get processed crumbs."
Chego Burritos recently launched a breakfast menu, and the restaurant will soon offer deliveries, which will be during regular hours. The crew at Chego Burritos has yet to rev up a full-scale advertising blitz, but Brooks said he does promotion through word of mouth and Facebook.
An unorthodox method of promotion is utilized via Brook's band, Fuzz Beater, which often plays at the Bay on Pine Street. The words "sponsored by Chego Burritos" are sprawled across a flier for an upcoming Fuzz Beater gig.
O'Hearn said Brooks is a defacto second-in-command at the restaurant because of his years of previous food service experience. Brooks said for the time being he plans to stay with Chego Burritos.
"You'll see more of our (Fuzz Beater) fliers here, and I'll continue rolling burritos," Brooks said.
Chego Burritos is located at 320 E. Young Ave. and is open daily from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m.


text:
Family Practice
California Physician Opportunities, Inc
Empire, California
Full Time
Family Medicine for So Cal Community Health System, located in the So Cal's famous Inland Empire, just an hour to Los Angeles, or San Diego, 20 minutes to International Airport. Numerous universities, large Suburban /Metro, easy drive to all of Southern California locations and activities from Disneyland to Palm Springs
Outpatient Primary Care for Federally Qualified Health Center, well established Community Health System with "State of the Art" clinics located in the Inland Empire and North San Diego County. Current open locations are: Riverside, Bloomington and Moreno Valley Clinics, All outpatient, all ages, Primary Care – to include walk-ins, EMR, Spanish skills are a plus, Mon – Fri - 40 hours per week, skilled and experienced staff, No Call, H1B & J-1 Visas will be considered
Salary is $170K-$180K DOE All overhead, Admin, equipment and office staff, Competitive Benefits Package: Malpractice, Health, dental, life and disability Insurances. Professional Fees and Publications Also includes, Paid Vacation, Sick Days and Holidays CMEs both days and $2K stipend, Qualifies for the NHSC Loan repayment program


text:
Health and Medical Care
|Health Police (mugging, traffic accident)
|Fire brigade, fire and accident
|Emergency doctor (Sat. Sun. and public holidays)
Marburg-Cappel, Raiffeisenstr. 6
|Tel.: 1 92 92
|Johanniter (transport for the disabled)
|Tel.:96 95 10
Health Insurance
All students must belong to a health insurance scheme. On registration and on re-registration every student must present proof of membership in the General German Health Insurance System (AOK) or with some alternative health insurance scheme. The addresses of the AOK and alternative health insurance schemes are to be found in the "Yellow Pages" telephone book.
The insurance premium for all health insurance schemes amounts currently to DM 94,65 per month (including 14.37 DM per month for the nursing insurance). The Federal Republic of Germany has a reciprocal agreement on social insurance with all EU countries as well as with Liechtenstein, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland. Students covered by family insurance and who come from the countries named will be exempted from compulsory insurance on presentation confirmation of family insurance to the relevant health insurer. If no confirmation of family insurance is brought from the home country, then the student is obliged to submit provisionally to compulsory insurance; the premiums will be refunded at a later date following presentation of confirmation of family insurance.


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A loose fit sleeveless shirt dress with collar and button down front. Featuring an all over print designed exclusively by Shona Joy and gathered skirt with pockets.
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Quick Links
Registration is Now Open for the 2010 PBL Summer Institute!!DallasYear 1 Foundational StrandJuly 12-15, 2010Year 2 Content Deepening StrandJuly 12-14, 2010
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T-STEM Community
3rd Annual I-SWEEEP Olympiad a Success! T-STEM Centers Coalition Offer Summer Professional Development T-STEM PBL Institute and Learning Community SiteCenter for Space Research at UT, Austin is offering "Internships" for teachers and studentsNews December NewsletterScience Nation: A New Weekly Online Science Magazine from NSF
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Esher boss Mike Schmid believes his side's defence will decide the outcome of Saturday's crunch visit of fellow strugglers London Scottish.
Both sides are set to be involved in the Championship relegation play-offs in March and need wins – which are worth an extra point each in the end of season competition – to give themselves the chance of survival.
Esher, who lost 41-24 at Doncaster Knights last week, avoided the drop via the same route last season but have just one win this term.
The Scottish exiles, who signed three new players last week to beef up their squad, have five already.
And Schmid admitted it was vital they do not add to their tally this weekend.
"It is a big game and a win will mean one extra point to take into the play-offs, which could be absolutely crucial," he said.
"It is the sort of occasion every player looks forward to and our guys know the importance of this one.
"Scottish have threats all round the park and their forwards are aggressive.
"We have played some excellent attacking rugby this year, but our defence has to make sure we stay in games because we haven't had a problem scoring points."
Ex-Esher winger Dougie Flockhart was the executioner in chief as his hat-trick of tries – in a 26-point haul – condemned his former club to defeat, although Phil Mackenzie, Geoff Griffiths and Shawn Renwick all crossed for the visitors on Saturday.
Schmid expects Ian Kench and Arran Cruickshanks to return to action this week although that will be tempered by the continued absence of Harlequins' dual-registered players Will Collier, Charlie Walker and Ross Chisholm.
But Schmid is not worried.
"It is nice to have the Quins boys. They enhcance our team, but they don't define it," he added.


text: James Dennin, Kapitall: We looked for investing deals based on analyst ratings and P/E ratios, to find you 6 stocks under 5 bucks. Micro-caps are riskier than many other stocks. The first concern is the fact that they're usually younger, more volatile companies. And since price changes are likely to be incremental, it's hard to make very much money investing in them without buying a lot of shares. But that means these stocks are also usually high-risk, high reward. Biotech stocks in particular can be risky, because the success of their stock price often hinges on some sort of FDA approval – a process that can take years. But then, a blockbuster new drug with FDA approval and exclusive access to consumers can send prices soaring. That being said, while the bargain bin is usually stuffed with more trash than treasure, we at Kapitall Wire are never wary about diving in for a closer look. We decided to revive a popular stock screen from Kapitall Wire looking exclusively at stocks that are trading for less than $5. However, to be sure we were looking for bargains and not diving into dumpsters, we decided to add a couple more parameters this time around. The most obvious one? Analyst ratings. Analyst ratings are released by the major firms who compile data on different securities and weigh the information into ratings. Ratings can refer to whether a stock is a 'buy' or a 'sell' or whether it's expected to 'outperform' its sector or not. However, since the major banking firms are also in the business of getting their clients to actually buy these stocks – they have a tendency to be inflated. If every stock with a 'buy' rating was sure to go up, playing the stock market wouldn't be that hard at all. So we screened for stocks under $5 with multiple 'strong buy' ratings. To do this we only looked at stocks that had been rated at least five times, and from at least two different firms.


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Following are some questions that museum conservators are frequently asked. The answers will give you some ideas about how to care for your object.
Q: The object I am researching is my mother's 42-year-old teddy bear. Its limbs have been sewn back on a number of times (from when my mother was a baby!) It was transported from London, England by ship. How can I keep the teddy dust free? Also, the teddy is currently kept at room temperature - is this ideal?
A: It is a very good idea to keep the teddy bear dust free. You could do this by keeping it in a box or a bag. It is fine to keep your object at room temperature. However, when storing special objects the important thing is to keep the temperature constant. The best place is usually inside a cupboard, away from sources of heat such as sunlight and heaters.
Q: My object is a 3-d picture of a doll's head. It is about 47 years old and it is from Germany. How should I store it?
A: It is important to protect your object from being damaged by putting it in a protected place. A box would probably be the safest for it, as this would prevent it from being bumped as well as protecting it from dust and dirt. As light causes objects to fade, a box would also protect it from sunlight and electric lights.
Q: My object is a model of a house from Timor. It has a carved bottom and a glued coconut fibre roof. How can I protect the fibre roof?
A: The glue holding the coconut fibre is probably the most vulnerable part to damage. As it breaks down over time it will become less effective, and the fibres will become loose. Rather than using more glue, I would suggest tying cotton of a similar colour to the fibre right across the roof to form two or three parallel lines. This will only work if there is a space to pass the cotton through under the roof. You can slow the chemical breakdown of the glue by keeping the model out of the sun. Otherwise watch out for insects and mould. Mould growth can be prevented by keeping the model away from the damper areas of the house such as the kitchen and bathroom.
Q: I have a photo to research. How should I store and look after it?
A: I recommend that you put your photo between two pieces of stiff cardboard and place it inside a plastic envelope. This would keep it flat, as well as protecting it from dust and dirt. The cardboard would also stop light getting onto the photo, as this can make it fade.
Q: My object is a silver plated Britannia metal teapot. It is over 85 years old. How should I look after it?
A: Silver plated teapots can become tarnished if they are exposed to the air. To stop this happening, try putting your object in a clean plastic bag and sucking all of the air out of it and then sealing the top. You can buy special bags of silver cloth that work well, but the trick with the plastic bag is cheap and handy! If you want to clean your teapot, museum conservators recommend that you don't use commercial polishes, even those that are sold especially for silver. They are too abrasive, and a little bit of the silver comes off each time you use them. Try washing it in clean running water. You can use a little dishwashing liquid, but make sure you rinse it off carefully.
Q: How could I keep a wedding certificate safe without breaking the bank?
A: It is important to keep the wedding certificate flat so that it doesn't fold or tear, and also to protect it from dust or dirt. It is also necessary to prevent it fading, so it is best to store it away from direct light (either sunlight or electric lights). I would suggest putting it between two pieces of stiff cardboard and then in a plastic sleeve or box.
Q: My item is an 18 carrot (sic) gold fob-chain that belonged to my great, great Grandpa, who wore it on his waistcoat. The gold has slightly tarnished, how can I restore it?
A: Gold is an extremely non-reactive metal, so it is not likely that the "slight tarnish" is doing the object any harm. If you like, you could wipe some methylated spirits on a cotton bud (on a stick) over the surface, which would remove greasy deposits. Don't rub hard, as gold is a very soft metal and will scratch easily.
Q: My object is a Birth Certificate from Egypt, 1927. It is made out of paper and is a little bit ripped at the sides. I would like to know if I was to laminate it whether it would wreck the paper?
A: At the museum we always recommend that people don't laminate special objects. Once something is laminated it will be that way forever, and we like to keep objects in as close to their original form as possible. However, it is a very good idea to protect the birth certificate from tearing any further. To do this you could put it between two pieces of cardboard and then put it in a plastic sleeve. This would keep it flat and protect it from damage.
I travelled on ship Patris from Sydney to Pireu Greece on the 17th December.I think it was Friday. We left Sydney Harbour at 21,00 PM. We were from Yugoslavia a...
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I have just been browsing through my daily diary I kept at the age of 13 of my voyage on the caste felice . I sailed from Southhampton on July 31st 1968 arrivin...


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Today the Rudy Martinez cheerleaders at the rightie blog MayorSam published campaign-sensitive polling documents from Councilman Jose Huizar's re-election effort.
Or did they?
They certainly weren't fresh docs--over two months old, in fact--and...
A close look at the docs reveals that some headers on some pages have the letter "B" substituted in table heads. For instance, on page 3, "Boters" appears instead of "Voters" and "Buizar" replaces "Huizar." E.g...
Why the "B", the consistent typo on page 3?
I would guess that the docs, long ago worthless to the Huizar camp, but still unseen by all but a few, were altered and recently sent to the same distribution list that was sent Mike Trujillo's notorious happy hour memo of a month ago--maybe this time by snail mail. And I would guess that each doc sent out was coded slightly differently to each recipient, with a different erring letter identifying each.
Giving all suspects a slightly-differently modified document is one way to locate a mole: whichever altered doc surfaces, there's your mole. In this case a doc coded "B" on page 3 surfaced.
There were over twenty recipients of the original happy hour memo; neatly, one for nearly every letter of the alphabet.