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UC student assisting Tait with emergency communications
UC student assisting Tait to develop better emergency communications system
December 6, 2012
In light of the Canterbury earthquakes, the importance of robust communication systems has become very clear.
A University of Canterbury (UC) student engineer is working over summer at the largest private-sector employer in Christchurch – Tait Communications – to help research and develop better communication systems.
Tait is at the forefront of critical communications and is set to deliver high-availability, long term evolution (LTE) broadband solutions for public safety customers in the future.
UC electrical engineering student Wayne Laker is working at Tait over summer on a project that will enable access to cutting-edge technology such as video streaming via broadband in the field, even if the public 3G or 4G system is overloaded during an emergency.
Laker has just completed the third year of a four-year electrical engineering degree at UC and as part of his honours degree, is required to complete two periods of practical work in the industry totalling 800 hours.
Tait primarily develop, build and deliver critical communication systems for public safety customers, such as police, fire and ambulance, and also utility organisations. Laker's role at Tait is within the testing team.
``It is a technically challenging and rewarding role. My project involves developing a new computer application that is capable of communicating with a number of radio devices and servers simultaneously.
``It will enable the efficient analysis of complex log files by providing a live summary. The application will be used by Tait employees to develop and test radio equipment now and in the future.
``The project involves working closely with the testing team to gain an understanding of which user interface design will be most productive for them. It also involves working with software engineers to ensure a technically sound and maintainable application is delivered. The application must fit within the existing software framework and is being developed using the Python programming language.
``My time at UC so far has provided a great learning experience and I am looking forward to my final year of study. The opportunity to work directly within the professional industry is invaluable and may provide a pathway to future employment. My experience at Tait will enable me to build on my theoretical knowledge and apply it in the workplace,'' Laker said.
Frank Owen, Tait Communications' chief executive, said Tait and UC had a long-standing and in-depth relationship built on a commitment to world-leading research and innovation.
``As a sponsor of the Department of Electrical Engineering at UC, Tait is a strong supporter of industry-specific, degree-level tertiary education. We hire 15 to 20 graduates from the course each year and employ a similar number through our summer-school programme.
``Tait is also a founding partner of the NZ ICT Innovation Institute (NZi3) and continues to provide funding and oversight of the university's Wireless Research Centre."
Mr Owen said UC continued to make a significant contribution to Tait's global export success.
``Our technologies are driven by customer insight, continued learning and a commitment to world-class innovation. Tait's partnership with UC allows us to bring together leading academic researchers from around the world, technology and communication-based companies, students and government to undertake ground-breaking research in wireless communication.''


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Nice accessory, but need to work to get it set up
I'm getting really annoyed reading online reviews about how this product isn't accurate. I will tell you from personal experience that the gun is VERY accurate and the button layout as very easy to use. It's very easy to navigate with through the game. However, dumb gamers will more than likely hook up the sharp shooter, play for 10 min. and then put it away. You have to spend a lot of time both syncing and familiarizing your self with the sharp shooter. You must re-calibrate your move controller AND calibrate the sharpshooter in game. For most gamers, the sensitivity is going to be far to high right away, simply turn it down (I recommend 0). Then, try playing the campaign for a couple hours and you'll get use to it. Do all of these things, and I PROMISE you that the sharp shooter is a VERY valuable product. I've gotten so use to it, I actually prefer it for online play. Keep it mind it will take hours upon hours before most gamers get that familiar with it. Don't let dumb consumers who NEED instant gratification try to tell you this product is bad. PROS: * Very well contructed. * Incredibly accurate. * Helps provide previously unexperienced levels of immersion. * Tons of fun to play with. * Works well with MAG. (though pump-action & magazine reload buttons don't work) * Works okay with Resident Evil 5. * Works great with Dead Space Extraction. CONS: * Can take a couple minutes to calibrate perfectly * May need recalibration during game. * Nav Controller foregrip makes it easy to accidentally reload. * Impractical for multiplayer.
Was this review helpful to you?YESNO

subset: commoncrawl


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Aldiss, Brian Wilson
|born on
|18 August 1925 at 18:00 (= 6:00 PM )
|East Dereham, England, 52n41, 0e56
|GDT h1e (is daylight saving time)
|Data source
|Astrology data
|25°12' 15°57 Asc. 07°32'
English writer and anthologies editor, best known for science fiction novels and short stories. His byline reads either Brian W. Aldiss or simply Brian Aldiss, except for occasional pseudonyms during the mid-1960s. Greatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss is a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society. He is also (with the late Harry Harrison) co-president of the Birmingham Science Fiction Group. Aldiss was named a Grand Master by the Science Fiction Writers of America in 2000 and inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2004. He has received two Hugo Awards, one Nebula Award, and one John W. Campbell Memorial Award. His influential works include the short story "Super-Toys Last All Summer Long", the basis for the Stanley Kubrick-developed Steven Spielberg film A.I. Artificial Intelligence.
Source Notes
Taeger quotes Astrological Association via The astrological Journal 2/1968 with another birth time of 14.50 via Revell.
- Vocation : Writers : Sci-Fi/ Fantasy/ Horror


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Physical assessment is taking an educated, systematic look at all aspects of an individual's health status utilizing knowledge, skills and tools of health history and physical exam.
Method: The history is done first, then the physical examination focuses on finding data associated with the history.
** A complete assessment is not necessarily carried out each time. A comprehensive assessment is part of a health screening examination. On admission, you will do an admission assessment (not necessarily including everything presented here) and document it on the admission form. You will do a daily shift assessment (patient systems review). And, if client has a specific problem, you may assess only that part of the body (focused).
Data Collection:
Information is organized into objective and subjective data:
** To obtain data for the nursing health history, you must utilize good interview techniques and communications skills. Record accurately. DO NOT ASSUME.
D. Frameworks for Health Assessment
There are two main frameworks utilized in health assessment:
Interview Process:
Health History Collection:
The General Survey:
Overall state of the client. Begin your observations of the client from the first moment you see him and continue throughout the examination. Focus on:
BMI http://nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmicalc.htm
The Physical Exam
A. Techniques:
The following techniques are used in physical examination of each specific area of the body.
**Physical exam always in order of: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation except on the abdomen; then inspection auscultation before palpation and percussion.
B. The Integument
Assessed by inspection and palpation.
Plaque: raised solid lesion.
Head and Face
Assessed by inspection and palpation.
Eyes and Vision
Assessment can include external structures, ocular movement, visual fields, visual acuity and fundus.
External Structures
The Ears
Exam includes inspection/palpation of external parts; inspection of canal and drum with otoscope and auditory acuity.
The Nose and Sinuses
The Mouth and Oropharynx
The Thorax and Lungs
Chest landmarks:
Posterior Thorax:
Anterior Thorax
Auscultation: To assess breath sounds that occurs as a result of the movement of air through the trachea, bronchi and alveoli. Use of diaphragm; have client breath through mouth, more deeply than usual. Avoid hyperventilation. Remember the right lung is divided into 3 lobes, the left into 2 lobes. Try to visualize each lobe. Apex is at the top; base at the bottom. Sounds are compared side-to-side, top to bottom; anterior and posterior. The middle lobe is best assessed on the right side under the arm.
Normal Breath Sounds: depending on where you listen, sounds may be different. Sounds may be decreased when client fails to breath deeply or is obese.
Adventitious (abnormal) breath sounds occur when air passes through narrowed airways filled with fluid or mucus; superimposed over normal breath sounds.
Crackles- fine, high pitched crackling sound; best heard on inspiration at the base caused by reinflation of the alveoli.
Rhonchi- low pitched, gurgling; moaning, snoring quality; heard between scapula and lateral to sternum; clear with coughing.
Wheeze- high pitched, squeaky; best heard on expiration; heard anywhere.
Documentation: Clear, if normal breath sounds are heard in all areas. Document: Clear breath sounds throughout all lung fields. Otherwise, state the abnormal sounds you have heard and where you heard it.
The Heart
Function can be assessed to a large degree by findings in the history: shortness of breath (SOB), edema of ankles/legs, pain, pulse rate and rhythm; vital signs, signs and symptoms of oxygen deficit.
Location: Heart lies behind and to the left of the sternum. The upper portion or atria (BASE) lies to the back; the ventricles (APEX) points forward, the apex of the left ventricle actually touches the anterior chest wall near the left midclavicular line at or near the 5th left ICS. Known as point of maximal impulse (PMI) and is where apical beat is assessed. Impulse is a good index of heart size.
Landmarks for assessment: The precordium is the area on the anterior chest overlying the heart. Hearts sounds are heard throughout the precordium, but there are 4 major areas for examining heart sounds. Each area corresponds to one of the hearts 4 valves.
Techniques of Assessment:
Heart Sounds
Other heart sounds
Murmurs should be identified as systolic (S-1) or diastolic (S-2). Murmurs are common in children and occur often in the elderly. Try to identify grade of murmur: Grade I (barely audible) to Grade VI (loud and may be heard with the stethoscope not quite on the chest or barely touching the chest).
Documentation: Normally, you should be able to note that S-1, S-2 heard without extra sounds.
Peripheral Vascular System
The Abdomen
Description: Done by dividing the abdomen into quadrants or into 9 sections.
Visualize contents of each quadrant:
Techniques of examination: Use of inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion. General guidelines:
Auscultation: To assess bowel sounds, vascular sound; in pregnancy, FHT's are heard.
Percussion: To identify organ size and detect fluid, gas or masses.
Palpation: To detect tenderness, distention, ascities, flatus), presence of masses, bladder distention;
The Musculoskeletal System
Approach: The completeness of the exam depends to a certain extent on the needs and problems of the client.
2. Inspection
The Neurological System:
Includes (1) mental status; (2) level of consciousness; (3) cranial nerves; (4) motor system; (5) sensory system; (6) reflexes. Most of this is advanced work but you should have a general idea of what it covers.
Level of consciousness—a continuum from alert to coma. Note if your patient is awake? Alert?
Drowsy, Lethargic? Responds to verbal stimuli? Comatose? Coma? Reacts to painful stimuli?
Mental Status: reveals general cerebral function including cognitive (intellectual) and affective (emotional) function.
Cranial Nerves:
Reflexes: Automatic response to stimulus- common one is knee jerk; biceps; triceps; reported in plusses. Babinski- normal: toes down going (plantar flexion). Babinski positive: dorsiflexion of great toe with fanning of other toes indicates upper motor neuron disease.
Motor Function: Motor pathways, corticospinal, extra pyramidal & cerebella maintain our equilibrium; mediate muscle tone and voluntary movements.
Sensory Function: Sensory pathways, lateral spinothalamic, anterior spinothalamic, & posterior column, conveys crude and fine touch, pain and temperature and position and vibration.


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Pacific Rim Bureau (CNSNews.com) - Proposed legislation to outlaw "spamming" in Australia has drawn support from groups campaigning against unsolicited junk email, but a leftist party fears exemptions in the law will give an unfair advantage to pro-life groups and "the religious right" to promote their views.
Civil libertarians also have raised concerns about some aspects of the measure, including "entry, search and seizure" powers granted to government inspectors and police.
The government wants to get tough with those who use the Internet to inundate email in-boxes with unsolicited messages promoting anything from pornography to weight-loss programs.
The proposed legislation, expected to take effect next year, will ban software that is used to generate mass email address lists for the purposes of sending spam.
It also empowers a body called the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) to issue injunctions, formal warnings, and apply for warrants to investigate and monitor suspected offenders.
Exemptions in the bill allow political parties, churches and charities to continue to send unsolicited emails.
The bill last month passed the lower House of Representatives - where the governing coalition has the majority -- but is now before the Senate, where the minor Australian Democrats party holds the balance of power.
The Democrats issued a statement Tuesday, complaining that the exemptions give special rights to religious groups and others who will take advantage of this by pushing their agendas.
A party senator made it clear what the Democrats regard as the biggest danger.
"It is outrageous that fundamentalist church groups be allowed to spam the entire country with campaign messages opposing such things as abortion, contraception or homosexual law reform," said Senator Brian Greig.
At the same time, he continued, "family planning organizations, gay and lesbian lobby groups or women's organizations would be prohibited from countering these messages with an alternative view."
The senator cited several examples of what he was worried about. Exempted groups may use mass emailing "to promote creationism and debunk evolution" or to argue that "the adoption of children by same-sex couples is harmful to those children," he argued.
Greig, who is an activist on homosexual issues, said there should be no exemptions if the legislation was going to be effective.
Asked what had prompted Greig's concerns, Democrats spokeswoman Di Graham said Wednesday that "fundamentalist church groups" and others "have been known to send that sort of material out in hard copy, and it's only a matter of time before they transfer to an electronic version.
She could not say, however, whether such groups had actually proposed doing so.
Margaret Tighe, president of Right to Life Australia, sounded taken aback when asked Wednesday whether the organization had any plans to flood Australians' in-boxes with pro-life messages.
"The thought has never occurred to us," she said. "We might email something to politicians, but that's different. No, we've never contemplated this.
Tighe scoffed at the notion that the government would move to give special rights to pro-life campaigners.
"We've never had any form of protection from government and we don't expect any either," she said.
"If they're going to help anybody, they're more likely to help the people whose views Senator Greig espouses, rather than us."
Greig 'plainly wrong'
Communications Minister Daryl Williams, the cabinet minister responsible for the anti-spamming legislation, took issue with Greig's complaints, saying the senator clearly did not understand the government's bill.
The legislation under consideration only applies to commercial email, he said in a response sent to CNSNews.com .
"Commercial spam comprises the bulk of the unwanted and unsolicited electronic mail plaguing email users around the world, as spammers seek to profit from the attention of email users," Williams said. "This nuisance mail is what is targeted by the government's legislation."
There was nothing in the bill to prevent anyone from sending out non-commercial emails.
"Senator Greig's claim that exempted groups could spam Australians with 'campaign' messages, with their opponents unable to respond, is plainly wrong," Williams said.
"The government values free speech and has been careful not to intrude on religious, political or general free speech in this legislation."
He added that the legislation, including the exemptions, would be reviewed two years after the law comes into effect.
Meanwhile, the proposed law has drawn mixed reaction from other quarters.
The official opposition Labor Party wants the exemptions to include trade unions and other non-profit groups.
Williams' response, given in parliament last month, was that, unlike trade unions, religious groups and charities "commonly reach beyond their congregations or membership to deal with broader elements of society" and were thus being exempted.
A civil liberties group called Electronic Frontiers Australia raised several issues, including concern that ACA representatives will be able to carry out "search and seizure" actions.
In a submission to a Senate committee, Electronic Frontiers Australia also complained about the proposed exemptions for religious, political and charitable groups.
"If such bodies wish to promote or advertise their goods and services by electronic messages, they should be required to obtain the recipient's prior consent," it said.
But other groups support the bill, including the Australian Direct Marketing Association, which said in a statement earlier the law would "restore confidence in e-commerce because spam is strangling the Internet and e-mail as a channel for on-line business and marketing."
Also behind the bill is a campaign group called the Coalition Against Unsolicited Bulk Email, Australia, which said while there was room for improvement and adjustment, the legislation, as drafted, was "suitable for enactment."
Australian e-commerce experts point out that the vast majority of spam received by Australian computer users originates abroad.
Williams has acknowledged that local laws will not solve the problem by themselves.
Canberra is also hoping to sign bilateral and multilateral agreements with other countries to cooperate in combating spam.
Last month, Australia and South Korea signed a memorandum agreeing to share information and intelligence about spam-related activities.
Since South Korea introduced anti-spam laws in 2001, the level of spam there fell from 90 percent of all email traffic to just over 70 percent, according to Williams' ministry.
In the U.S., the Senate last month passed what's known as the CAN-SPAM Act (Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003), designed to reduce spam by imposing heavy penalties on offenders. Similar legislation must still be passed by the House of Representatives.
According to a poll released by the Pew Internet and American Life Project last month, 70 percent of U.S. email users surveyed said spam has made being online unpleasant or annoying.
\sb100\sa100"Our new data from a national survey suggest that spam is beginning to undermine the integrity of email and to degrade the online experience," the project said in a report on its website.
Send a Letter to the Editor about this article.


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Carsyn's First Ice-Skating Experience [PHOTOS]
I've always loved watching any type of ice skating and love watching it on TV. Now, I'm a terrible ice skater myself, but it's so much fun! I had some family in this weekend, because they wanted to come in for our Denim & Diamonds fundraiser show on Friday night. My 14 year-old twin nephews were here and as soon as I mentioned that we had an ice rink here, they were all about it! So, on Saturday night, me, my Mom and a three year-old, a five year-old and two teenagers laced up our skates and checked out The Edge Ice Center!


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Internet Marketing Summit
Is your social media and content marketing strategy feeling a little thin? Put some meat on your Internet marketing bones at the Fox Valley Internet Marketing Summit Feb. 20!
Social media, content marketing and a knowledge of Google are imperative to growing your business in a competitive marketplace. This summit features 12 choices of breakout sessions representing four different tracks: Social Media Tools, Content, Google, and Social Media Management. Each session offers strategies and tips that you can use in your business.
To learn more or to register for the Feb. 20 event, visit the official Fox Valley Internet Marketing Summit Web page.


text: Goodbys Creek Preserve Home > Departments > Recreation and Community Services > Where Do You Want To Play Today? Goodbys Creek Preserve 9145 San Jose Blvd. Mapit Jacksonville, FL 32257 Acres: 34.14 Park Type: Undeveloped Council Person: Lori Boyer History: Goodbys Creek is a tributary of the St. Johns River, roughly dividing the Jacksonville communities of San Jose and Mandarin. When surveyed in 1792 for Francis Goodwin, the stream was known as Azza Creek, later to be known as Goodmans Lake, Goodbys Lake, and Goodbys Creek. During the latter twentieth century, tremendous residential and commercial development occurred around the creek, prompting the City and its non-profit partner, The Trust For Public Land, to seek preservation of the site. In January 2002, the Trust acquired 39 acres along the southernmost point of Goodbys Creek, and later that month deeded it to the City, which purchased the property with Preservation Project funds. It has a conservation easement on the property preventing future development.


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I've had backgroud checks done before. I've worked at a couple different banks. Only denied once. I need to know how I should answer this question? My shoplifting arrest shows up. But it was dismissed. I took a shoplifting class and told it was expunged. This was almost 10 years ago. Do I need to answer yes to "have you plead guilty?"
Regardless of whether or not the background would show your plea, it is usually best to answer the question honestly.
You should probably check with criminal attorney in the jurisdiction where you pled guilty, as to the legal effect of the expungement. Some states equate expungement with not pleading guilty and never having been arrested; other states do not. It is the legal effect and treatment in the subject jurisdiction that matters the most.
I would make that consultation, and then consult with an employment attorney. Good luck!
If you found this Answer to be helpful, please mark it as such. Remember, however, free advice is worth every penny you paid for it. This is only generalized commentary on your question. It is not to be taken as legal advice. I am a lawyer – but not your lawyer! Even "in person" interviews leave attorneys with plenty of questions – the Internet makes it crazy! Thank you Chuck Watson 217.544.6165Ask a similar question
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METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On September 22, 2012, a 34-year old contract laborer with 6 days of experience was killed when he fell through a 6 ft. X 8 ft. hole that was partially covered with 2" X 4" boards and ¾ " thick plywood. He fell into a chute landing on a belt conveyor 30 feet below. The victim was assigned fire watch duties on a welding/cutting operation that was taking place on the floor above him.
Establish and discuss safe work procedures. Identify and control all hazards. Train all persons to recognize and understand safe job procedures before beginning work. Always use fall protection when working where a fall hazard exists. Protect openings near travelways through which persons may fall by installing appropriately designed railings, barriers, or covers. Keep temporary access opening covers secured in place at all times when the opening is not being used. Replace deteriorated floor plating and grating. Ensure that areas are barricaded or have warning signs posted at all approaches if hazards exist that are not immediately obvious.
|Submit your own suggestion for a remedy to prevent this type of accident in the future.
Please specify if you wish your submission to be anonymous or whether your name may be used. Please include the year of the fatality and the fatality number.
This is the 13th fatality reported in calendar year 2012 in the metal and nonmetal mining industries. As of this date in 2011, there were 10 fatalities reported in these industries. This is the 3rd Fall of Person fatality in 2012. There were 2 Fall of Person fatalities in the same period in 2011.
The information provided in this notice is based on preliminary data ONLY and does not represent final determinations regarding the nature of the incident or conclusions regarding the cause of the fatality.
For more information:
MSHA's Fatal Accident Investigation Report


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Authority and Leadership
Savage, when discussing a concept Kousez and Posner, stated, "Leadership is a process, not a position. It involves skills and abilities that can be applied to a variety of situations."
When establishing authority and leadership, Savage (1999) defines five different types of authority a teacher may establish. These are as follows: legitimate authority, reward authority, coercive authority, expert authority, and referent authority.
1. Legitimate authority: Authority that comes with a position and is therefore ascribed or assumed. This is best used at the beginning of the year to establish respect, but is best when followed by a different form of authority.
2. Reward authority: Authority that is based on giving incentives and rewards, which is due to the given position of authority.
3. Coercive authority: Authority that is based on administering punishment.
4. Expert authority: Authority that is based on the group viewing the individual as an expert, or views them as having superior knowledge about the subject. This type of authority is not one that can be forced; rather it is based on respect, and it is earned.
5. Referent authority: Authority that is given because the person is perceived to be ethical, concerned for the welfare of others, and trustworthy. This type of authority, like expert, is based on respect, and it is earned.
These five different types of authority can be categorized in two main types of authority: positional and personal. The positional authorities are the first three: legitimate authority, reward authority, and coercive authority. The personal authorities are expert authority and referent authority.
Positional authority is temporary in that once students get comfortable with the teacher, or the teacher shows a lack of consistency, the respect level could go down. For this reason it is best to have personal authority, because personal authority is authority that is given based on merit, it is not likely to be discredited.
The concepts of authority, as well as understanding the different forms, are very significant for teachers in understanding the flow of their classroom. The teacher needs to understand the importance of the five different types of authority, as well as understand that positional authority is usually temporary and to strive for personal authority. The teacher needs to understand how and why each type of authority works and when to use each type. This is because if the students do not accept the type of authority the teacher chooses, little will be accomplished.
Authority and leadership can be applied in a ninth grade Algebra class because, like any other math class, for a multitude of reasons. First, in general students do not like math. If the teacher shows referent as well as expert authority, it may not make them like math any more than they did before, but it can show them that it is doable and even fun. When a teacher has this type of personal authority, even if a student struggles with math; they will come to find a respect for the subject and the logic behind it. This is all weighted upon the teachers knowledge of the subject and ability to present it well.
Spiritual Application
"When Jesus had finished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at his teaching, because he taught as one who had authority, and not as their teachers of the law" (Matthew 7: 28-29).
This verse is comparing the loving and trustworthy teachings of Jesus to those of the Pharisees and Sadducees. When the Pharisees and Saducees taught they focused so much on the law and rules and regulations. Jesus was the ultimate example of personal authority, radiating expert knowledge as well as being referent in every situation. In the classroom we need to teach as Jesus taught. We need to use the correct type of authority, not just be teachers who mindlessly lay down the law.


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Hi Colleagues
Although it is a beautifully written proposal and I applaud those responsible for their efforts, KNP has never allowed such a thing before. The last applicant was Michelle Garsforth-Venter (whose proposal was similar, only she guaranteed coverage on her programme) and not even she could get it right, and there were many who tried before Michelle tried.
Kind regards
Raymond Travers
Statistics: Posted by DinkyBird — Fri Oct 15, 2010 1:34 pm
Statistics: Posted by joekin — Fri Oct 15, 2010 12:04 pm


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I have always been slightly superstitious.
I am not excessively superstitious, but I try not to allow a black cat to cross my path. That isn't to say I will turn around if a cat crosses in the direction I am trying to go, but I may consider taking a left turn and trying to outrun the cat.
There is a good chance that I could be quite wealthy if I weren't as superstitious as I am. The phrase "Find a penny, pick it up, and all day long, you'll have good luck" just makes sense. Who wouldn't pick up money?
Well, I don't if it isn't heads up. I have probably passed up hundreds of dollars in pennies because I don't want to be cursed for picking up a tails-up penny.
I do make exceptions for dimes and quarters, but the verdict is still out on nickels. I guess it depends on the day. If I see a tails-up nickel on a day like Friday the 13th, then I will probably leave it where it lays. That's a double whammy.
I don't get into too much of a frenzy on Friday the 13th, but the thought of bad luck does cross my mind. I usually forget that is the date by the end of the day though.
Just to be on the safe side, I avoid walking under ladders. Not that doing so is a major inconvenience, I very rarely see ladders leaning up against something as I walk my normal route (trying to avoid black cats).
However, when I was in college, I was painting the top level of my parents' home and the ladder I was using slid and I fell to the ground. I bounced three times and lived to tell the tale.
It's possible that I walked under the ladder while refilling my paint bucket. I may have even picked up a few upside-down pennies that day. I know that I didn't break any mirrors.
A broken mirror is the apex of all superstitions. That is seven years of hard times.
I often wonder if I am unfortunate enough to break a mirror, if my cosmic sentence could be lessened by good behavior. Could I get shock time and then serve a probationary period that I always have my fingers crossed (one set, not two), and carry a lucky neon pink rabbits foot?
I have always found it strange that rabbits feet are brightly colored, but the bunnies I see in my yard are grayish brown. Are the lucky rabbits from relatives of the Easter bunny? How lucky are those feet if a rabbit has four of them and at least one is lopped off?
A superstition I inherited from my father requires me to close all cabinet doors. Apparently, he felt it was bad luck to leave kitchen or bathroom cabinet doors open. I guess my other family didn't subscribe to that superstition, because I would often see my dad close cabinet doors that had been left open.
Then again, that may not have been a superstition, but done out of safety. Maybe my father had left a cabinet door ajar, leaned down to pick something up and smacked his head.
Some people believe that if you step on a spider it will bring rain. I guess that could be either good or bad. Last summer I stepped on every spider I could in hopes to bring relief. I wonder if spiders thrive during threats of a flood?
While I don't encourage the killing of innocent creatures, I do go out of my way to kill spiders and then make sure they are dead. That usually requires gasoline and a flame thrower.
One more common superstition that many people follow is not opening an umbrella inside. Even though it is much easier to open the umbrella indoors and then cover myself before going outside, I won't have any of it.
It takes an acrobatic feat to time the umbrella opening with the first step out the door to avoid getting drenched during a downpour. But what about being in a vehicle? Is it cool if I close an umbrella once I am halfway into my car?
I'll just knock on wood and hope that the car/umbrella combination doesn't carry as harsh of a sentence as breaking a mirror.


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Looking to do more camping this year's as well. I'm putting together a stocked backpack that I can grab and go in a heartbeat if the weekend looks nice.
You tell me?
Movies, Tarantino movies, comedies, romantic comedies, not into sci-fi. I love documentaries, dark days, exit through the gift shop, methadonia, skid row, infamous, ECT
Shows, breaking bad, UFC fights, and NFL football, home improvement shows
Music, whoa, I'm all over here, Patsy Cline to Pantera, Muddy Waters to Manny Fresh, Black Keys to Beastie Boys, gritty blues, rock, outlaw country, I just can't love jam bands, I like to know where the song is going, not some drift off 45 min guitar bongo solo.
Food, I'm not nuts about Thai, lima beans, or cilantro. Other than that, I'm good.
A chef knife kit
Chap stick
A garden
Caffeinated beverages
Don't have a mountain of food rules, bonus if you enjoy cooking too.


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Despite the fact that General Motors has already pulled the wraps off of the highly anticipated Chevrolet C7 Corvette Stingray – in both coupe and convertible forms – there's still a lot we don't know about The General's new halo car. When it first launched, GM stated that the 'Vette's new 6.2-liter LT1 V8 would put out an estimated 450 horsepower and 450 pound-feet of torque. But some PDF scans found by the folks at the Corvette7 forum site show that the Stingray coupe might actuall
- Photos
- May 25, 2013
2014 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray Specs
- 2018 Mustang GT does 0-60 in under 4 seconds
- How dealers are price-gouging Dodge Demon
- New Car Buying Guides
- 2018 Honda Accord is sleeker, more efficient
- Mercedes X-Class pickup truck revealed
- Find and compare 2017 Models


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Milk Crate (Yellow) is rated out of 5 by 95.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Fran831 from Great color and sturdy Bought this as Christmas present and the boys loved it
Date published: 2016-12-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by Fran831 from Great color and sturdy Bought as Christmas gift and the boys loved it
Date published: 2016-12-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by Fran831 from Great color and very sturdy Bought as a Christmas present- kids loved it
Date published: 2016-12-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by CBiz from So bright and cheerful! This crate feels substantial and solid; it takes daily abuse from my little yet still looks new. It's adds a little old school charm but in a bright beautiful color.
Date published: 2016-06-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by ORiley from Love them! I bought 10 of these and am thinking of ordering more. They look exactly as the picture and are sturdy and stack well on their sides, which is how I am using them. Very happy with the product and the prompt service.Thank you!
Date published: 2016-06-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by Rvamama2 from Nice and sturdy Bought two of these a couple months ago to use as a nightstand/bookcase in my toddler's room. They're very sturdy and I love the pop of color.
Date published: 2016-05-17
Rated 5 out of 5 by Cameka from Great Quality Crates are above expectation for me, well made, sturdy, and a nice add to our playroom!
Date published: 2016-03-15
Rated 5 out of 5 by CharlesMama from Sturdy Storage I could basically stand on this it's so strong! I put two in my son's playroom and use one for my magazines and the other for blankets, the color is a bright yellow, the material is strong, and they're stackable, too.
Date published: 2015-08-26
Rated 5 out of 5 by BashysMomma from Fun Storage for Playroom Love the turquoise color! Plan on getting more to stack. Great for storing building blocks, animal toys, etc.
Date published: 2015-08-26
Rated 5 out of 5 by Rbryner from Popping colors I bought this for my classroom library. The handles make it easy to carry and the crates are stackable!
Date published: 2015-08-14
Rated 5 out of 5 by AllieSimon from So useful! I bought these for my son's books and it has worked out great. So neat and tidy, yet my don can safely grab them. He's 2! Thanks L of N!
Date published: 2015-08-14
Rated 5 out of 5 by saragail from nice crate We're very happy with the crate. We stick all our daughter's stuffed animals in it.
Date published: 2015-08-14
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mommyof9 from Great sturdy toy storage!! I bought 2 of these to store baby toys in my cabinet. They are so sturdy, and the color is great! I purchased the aqua. You can't beat the price! A beautiful, durable place to store toys! Definitely buy, you won't regret it.
Date published: 2015-08-14
Rated 5 out of 5 by amz11 from Bright & Sturdy! I love these. I use them to store books. They look great as a mini bookshelf. If you can't grab one side you can grab the other side. They stack easily. The colors are beautiful. I only wish they had more colors.
Date published: 2015-06-11
Rated 5 out of 5 by Motherofmen from Cute Crate! I love this sturdy crate and so does my son! Its light weight, fits lots of toys and the little one likes to turn it upside down and use it for a table, stool, seat... whatever he can think of. The bright color is beautiful and pops in his play room. Can't wait to buy more!
Date published: 2015-03-19
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Everything you need to know
We will accept returns and exchanges of non-furniture items if items are returned within 90 days of customer receipt with a valid proof of purchase. We also offer free returns on all furniture. To arrange a return or exchange of an item delivered by freight, please call us at 800.933.9904 and ask for a Furniture Team Specialist.


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North-South-East-West: American Indians and the Natural World
The Three Sisters: Sustainers of Life
Sister Corn
For centuries, corn was the staple grain
of the Americas,
and it has sustained generations of Iroquois people.
Iroquois women raised several colors and varieties of
corn, including flint, flour, pod, pop, and sweet.
Every part of the ear of corn was used. Women braided the husks for
rope and twine and coiled them into containers and mats. Shredded
husks made good kindling and filling for pillows and mattresses. The
corncobs served as bottle stoppers, scrubbing brushes, and fuel for
smoking meat. Corn silk made hair for cornhusk
Today corn continues to be an important part of Iroquois life. Many
families have small gardens where they cultivate enough white corn
for their needs, and some raise surplus corn for ceremonial use.
For many Iroquois people, corn remains a sustainer of life.
Corn in the Americas
When Europeans arrived in 1492, fields of corn grew throughout the
Americas. Corn had been an agricultural staple for more than 8,000
years and represented one of the most remarkable plant breeding
accomplishments of all time. In the cold regions of Canada and
South America, American Indians developed rapidly maturing
varieties. Inca farmers of Peru grew it on the terraced hillsides
of the Andes, and Hopi farmers irrigated extensive fields in the
dry heat of the Southwest. Corn, in its many varieties, was the
foundation upon which the great civilizations of the Americas were
Archaeologists believe that corn traveled north
from Mesoamerica, where it was first domesticated. The first ears
of corn, descended from a wild grass called teosinte, were very
tiny. However, over the centuries, the Native peoples of the
Americas developed varieties of corn that could sustain them.
As varieties of corn adapted to different environments were developed, corn
spread across the continents, becoming the staple of the majority of
American Indian people and transforming life in the Americas.
Cornhusk Dolls
Iroquois women have a lengthy tradition of creating dolls from
cornhusks. In the past, they made the dolls for girls to play with or
for use in rituals. Today women also make them for sale to non-Native
The dolls generally have no facial features. An old story tells that
once the cornhusk people had beautiful faces. However, they spent so
much time admiring their own reflections in pools of water that they
forgot they should be entertaining the children. As a consequence,
the Creator took away the cornhusk people's faces and turned them
into dolls.
Image: Cornhusk Dolls
Iroquois, ca. 1950s
Cornhusk (Zea mays), commercial cotton and wool,
glass, Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) feathers,
commercial leather, plastic, male Red-winged Blackbird
(Agelaius phoeniceus) feather; female,
L 4.3 x W 10.5 x H 25.0 cm; male, L 4.3 x W 12.0 x H 31.5 cm;
34606-12 & 13, gift of Dr. Betty J. Meggers


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ASSC16 Keynotes & Symposia
|Presidential Address : Victor Lamme (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands). BioSketch
18:00-19:00 Monday July 2
Title: You have Conscious Sensations without Knowing it
Summary: Consciousness has always been defined from introspective and behavioral intuitions. This has gotten us nowhere. What we need is a radical redefinition of what consciousness really is, from a convergence of introspective, behavioral and neural arguments. The criterion for success should be whether such a new definition explains what there is to explain about consciousness, not whether it fits our intuitive notions. From such an approach (Lamme, 2006; 2010), it emerges that it makes sense to acknowledge that we have conscious sensations (in the phenomenal, qualitative sense) without attention, without access, and hence also without thought. In this talk, I will present further arguments that impose such a far reaching conclusion.
Our latest experiments show that vision without attention is rich, detailed, precise, integrated, and - most importantly – shows perceptual inference i.e. goes beyond the retinal image towards a perceptual interpretation of that image. Moreover, we show a further dissociation between various forms of cognition (categorization, control) and consciousness, while the association between integration-segregation and conscious experience is strengthened.
In sum, there is now overwhelming evidence showing that neural representations outside the focus of attention, and outside the realm of access or thought possess all the key properties of conscious representations, except – of course – reportability. Moreover, these properties do all the explaining towards the phenomenal nature of conscious experience. The absence of access does little to explain that away. The proper conclusion is that we may have conscious sensations even when we don't know it.
Lamme, V.A.F. (2006) Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci, 10: 494-501; Lamme, V.A.F. (2010) How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 204-235
|Keynote Lecture 1: Tim Bayne, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. BioSketch
9:00-10:00 Tue July 3
Title: The Unity of Consciousness
Summary: Some theorists maintain that consciousness is necessarily unified; others maintain that although consciousness is typically unified, the unity of consciousness can break down on occasions; and still others argues that the apparent unity of consciousness is an illusion, and that consciousness is typically disunified. This talk provides an overview of the debate between these three approaches to consciousness. I distinguish different forms that the unity of consciousness can take, and I provide some tentative reasons for thinking that there is a sense in which consciousness is necessarily unified. I conclude with a discussion of how debates about the unity of consciousness might inform the development and evaluation of theories of consciousness.
Tim Bayne is a member of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St. Catherine's College. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Otago and his doctorate from the University of Arizona. He has published widely in the philosophy of mind and consciousness studies. Bayne has co-edited Delusion and Self-Deception: Affective and Motivational Influences on Belief Formation (Psychology Press, 2008), The Oxford Companion to Consciousness (2009, OUP), and most recently Cognitive Phenomenology (OUP, 2011). His own book, The Unity of Consciousness (OUP, 2010) draws on philosophy, psychology, psychopathology and cognitive neuroscience to provide a comprehensive treatment of the unity of consciousness. Writing in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Sydney Shoemaker described it as "the most thorough discussion of the unity of consciousness there is, and anyone interested in the topic should read it."
|Keynote Lecture 2: Geraint Rees (University College London, UK). BioSketch
9:00-10:00 Wed July 4
Title: Decoding Consciousness
Summary: Everything we know about the world comes to us through our brain. Yet for each of us our own conscious mental world of thoughts and feelings is isolated and private. Despite several centuries of research on the brain, communication through language or gesture remains the only way we can discover the conscious thoughts and experiences of others. This makes it difficult to compare our conscious experiences and discover whether we all experience the world in the same way. In this talk I will discuss recent work using non-invasive brain imaging showing that not only does our conscious perception of the world differ across individuals, but also that these individual differences are correlated with the structure and function of primary visual, parietal and prefrontal cortices. I will explore the implications of these findings for both neuroscience and society.
Geraint is Director of the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Deputy Head of the UCL Faculty of Brain Sciences. Funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Fellowship, his work seeks to understand the neural basis of consciousness, and has resulted in over 160 papers including eight in Science or Nature. He has been awarded the Royal Society Francis Crick Medal, the Experimental Psychology Prize and the Young Investigator Medal of the Organisation for Human Brain Mapping. His work is widely covered in the print and broadcast media. He is passionately committed to developing clinical academic training in the UK and contributes widely to public policy and engagement with brain imaging technologies. In 2010 he was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.
|Keynote Lecture 3: Tania Singer (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany). BioSketch
9:00-10:00 Thurs July 05
Title: Social Emotions from the Lens of Social Neuroscience: Modulation, Development and Plasticity
Summary: With the emergence of social neuroscience, researchers have started to investigate the underpinnings of our ability to share and understand feelings of others. After a definition of concepts, I will shortly revise the main results of neuroscientific studies investigating empathic brain responses elicited by the observation of others in pain and show how these empathic brain responses are modulated by several contextual and stimulus intrinsic factors such as perceived fairness or ingroup/outgroup membership. Furthermore, I will present data from a novel paradigm on empathy for pleasant and unpleasant touch allowing the investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying affective egocentric bias in adults. These data will be complemented with developmental findings showing age-differences in egocentric bias, social emotions such as envy and Schadenfreude as well as strategic decision making during childhood. Finally, I present evidence of affective brain plasticity based on mental training of social emotions. These data will be discussed in lights of their relevance for recent models of social cognition.
Tania Singer received her PhD in Psychology from Free University in Berlin in 2000. She became a Post-doctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin until 2002, then at the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience and later at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in London, in 2005. She accepted a position as Assistant Professor at the University of Zurich in 2006 and later as Inaugural Chair of Social Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics as well as Co-Director of the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research. Since 2010, she is the Director of the Department of Social Neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, where she investigates the foundations of human social behavior and, social cognition and emotions (empathy, compassion, fairness), and social decision making.
|Keynote Lecture 4: Josef Perner (University of Salzburg, Austria). BioSketch
09:00-10:00 Fri July 06
Title: Infants' Sensitivity to Others' Belief: Unconscious Theory of Mind?
Summary: At Sussex we (Clements & Perner 1994) discovered a dissociation. A majority of three year old children anticipate in their looking that an agent, who didn't witness an object's unexpected transfer to a new location will mistakenly return to the object's original place. In contrast, when these children are asked where the agent will go to get the object, they adamantly claim that she will go to where the object actually is. Subsequent studies indicated that the dissociation is not one of explicit considerations between certain and uncertain possibilities (Ruffman et al 2001) and that not one between verbal and nonverbal measures. It also affects action responses that are given spontaneously and those that are given hesitantly. These results provided an analogy to the availability of unconscious (implicit) and conscious (explicit) knowledge in studies with blindsight patients and healthy adults with illusory stimuli and, thus, evidence for unconscious knowledge of a mistaken agent's future action.This dissociation has gained new relevance with reports that infants as young as 14 months (Onishi & Baillargeon 2005, and many studies since) or even 7 months (Kovács et al 2010) show similar sensitivity to belief in their looking and other spontaneous responses. Although the dissociation between spontaneous and deliberate responding has affinity with the distinction between unconscious and conscious knowledge, we have no good understanding what leaves the one un- and makes the other conscious. I will elaborate the idea that spontaneous responding is based on abstraction of behavioural regularities, which may be causally shallow (behaviour rules) or deep (belief formation), while deliberate responding is based on understanding the agent's reasons for acting.
JOSEF PERNER received his PhD in Psychology from the University of Toronto. He was Professor in Experimental Psychology at the University of Sussex and is now Professor of Psychology and member of the Centre for Neurocognitive Research at the University of Salzburg. He is author of "Understanding the Representational Mind" (MIT Press, 1991) and over 150 articles on cognitive development (theory of mind, executive control, episodic memory, logical reasoning), consciousness (perception versus action), simulation in decision making, and theoretical issues of mental representation and consciousness. He served as President of the European Society for Philosophy and Psychology, is a Fellow of the British Academy, the Academia Europaea, the Leopoldina, the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, the Association for Psychological Sciences, and holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Basel.
|Special Lecture: Christof Koch (Caltech). BioSketch
18:00-19:00 Wed July 04
Title: Studying the Murine Mind using Large Scale Observatories
Summary: Mice are a promising model system for studying the neuronal correlates of consciousness. Their brain structure is similar to that of the human, they display complex behavior, their underlying neuronal responses can be measured using optics and silicon probes at cellular level of resolution and the underlying neuronal networks can be modeled. In contrast to the blunt and edentate tools available to probe the human brain, optogenetics allows scientists to delicately, transiently, and reversibly control defined events in defined cell types at defined times in mice with millisecond resolution. That is, unlike the vast majority of human studies, experiments in mice move from correlation to causation, from observing that this circuit is activated whenever the subject is perceiving something to inferring that this circuit is necessary for a particular behavior or a conscious perception. I shall report on the ten year, large-scale (several hundred scientists and engineers) and high throughput efforts to build brain observatories to understand the mouse visual system that are ongoing at the Allen Institute.
Born in the American Midwest, Dr. Christof Koch grew up in Holland, Germany, Canada, and Morocco. He studied Physics and Philosophy at the University of Tübingen in Germany and was awarded his Ph.D. in Biophysics in 1982. After 4 years at MIT, he joined the California Institute of Technology, where he is the Lois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology. In 2011, he became the Chief Scientific Officer at the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle, where he leads a ten year, large-scale, high through-put effort to build a series of brain observatories to analyze and understand the visual system of the mouse. He loves dogs, Apple Computers, climbing, biking and long-distance running.
SYMPOSIUM 1: Consciousness Fading
Chair: Andreas K. Engel (Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany)
Manipulating consciousness by anesthetic agents is everyday clinical practice. However, the key mechanisms underlying pharmacologically induced breakdown of consciousness are still largely unresolved. Unraveling the neural determinants of loss of consciousness, apart from its obvious medical advances, may shed new light on brain processes relevant for the emergence of consciousness. The presentations of this symposium will discuss complementary findings that suggest convergent conclusions and highlight the implications of anesthesia research for understanding the neural mechanisms of consciousness. The first and the second presentation will focus on propofol anesthesia as a model of drug-induced loss of consciousness, and discuss recent experimental evidence suggesting that propofol anesthesia induces hypersynchronous ongoing activity leading to a brain state during which information processing is severely compromised, and functional integration across different areas is strongly reduced. The second presentation will also highlight potential similarities between the neurophysiological changes induced by propofol and those observed during sleep. The third presentation of the symposium will, in addition to discussing recent modeling work on the mechanisms of propofol anesthesia, provide a broader framework for understanding changes in neural dynamics under general anesthesia.
Andreas K. Engel (Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany)
Talk 1: "Block of intracortical communication by propofol-induced neural hypersynchy"
Gernot Supp (Dept. of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany)
Abstract: Manipulating consciousness by anesthetic agents is everyday clinical practice. However, the key mechanisms underlying pharmacologically induced breakdown of consciousness are still largely unresolved. Unraveling the neural determinants of loss of consciousness, apart from its obvious medical advances, may shed new light on brain processes relevant for the emergence of consciousness. The presentations of this symposium will discuss complementary findings that suggest convergent conclusions and highlight the implications of anesthesia research for understanding the neural mechanisms of consciousness. The first and the second presentation will focus on propofol anesthesia as a model of drug-induced loss of consciousness, and discuss recent experimental evidence suggesting that propofol anesthesia induces hypersynchronous ongoing activity leading to a brain state during which information processing is severely compromised, and functional integration across different areas is strongly reduced. The second presentation will also highlight potential similarities between the neurophysiological changes induced by propofol and those observed during sleep. The third presentation of the symposium will, in addition to discussing recent modeling work on the mechanisms of propofol anesthesia, provide a broader framework for understanding changes in neural dynamics under general anesthesia.
Talk 2: "Is propofol-induced loss of consciousness a sleep-like state?"
Melanie Boly (Coma Science Group, University of Liege, Belgium)
Abstract: Mechanisms of propofol-induced fading of consciousness, as well as the relationship between propofol anesthesia and sleep remains poorly understood. We will review recent neuroimaging studies investigating neural correlates of loss of consciousness during propofol sedation and non-REM sleep. We will then highlight some commonalities as well as observed differences in terms of spontaneous EEG, or functional and effective connectivity (using high-density EEG, functional MRI or TMS-EEG) between propofol and non-REM sleep. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these results for neural correlates of consciousness and for their use as clinical tools to detect awareness during anesthesia, and in other altered consciousness states.
Talk 3: "The neural dynamics of loss and recovery of consciousness under general anesthesia"
Emery Brown (Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, USA)
Abstract: General anesthesia is a drug-induced, reversible condition comprised of five behavioral states: unconsciousness, amnesia (loss of memory), analgesia (loss of pain sensation), akinesia (immobility), and hemodynamic stability with control of the stress response. The mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs induce the state of general anesthesia are considered one of the biggest mysteries of modern medicine. We have been using three experimental paradigms to study general anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness in humans: combined fMRI/EEG recordings, high-density EEG recordings and intracranial recordings. These studies are allowing us to establish precise neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and behavioral correlates of unconsciousness under general anesthesia. Combined with our mathematical modeling work on how anesthetics act on neural circuits to produce the state of general anesthesia we are able to offer specific hypotheses as to how changes in level of activity in specific circuits lead to the unconscious state. We will discuss the relation between our findings and two other important altered states of arousal: sleep and coma. Our findings suggest that the state of general anesthesia is not as mysterious as currently believed.
SYMPOSIUM 2: Bringing the in-depth body to the surface: interoception, awareness and prediction
Chair: Manos Tsakiris (Department of Psychology, University of London, UK)
Interoception is a ubiquitous information channel used for the central representation of internal bodily states. A renewed interest in the functional role of interoception has emphasized its primary role for the representation of an integrated sense of self. At the same time, current models of perception have been largely influenced by a Bayesian approach that underlines the role of internal predictive models for the processing and interpretation of incoming exteroceptive information. Could the functional role of interoception be understood in terms of predictive coding, and if yes what are the implications for interoceptive awareness? Interoceptive awareness (i.e. the awareness of the physiological state of one's body) is assessed by quantifying interoceptive sensitivity (IS), usually in the context of heartbeat detection tasks. Behaviourally, the sensitivity to the perception of internal states of the body has been shown to modulate a range of cognitive, affective and sensory processes. The three talks of this symposium will focus on how sensitivity to internal bodily states comes to awareness and how it modulates emotional processes (Critchley), self-other representations (Tsakiris) and internal conflicts (Hopkins) via predictive internal models. Across three disciplines (e.g. neuroscience, psychology and philosophy), the three talks provide a timely debate of interoception as a model of predictive coding.
Talk 1: "Visceral afferent signaling, interoceptive awareness and predictive coding: Impact on emotional processes"
Hugo Critchley (Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK)
Abstract: The experience of emotions as subjective feeling states arguably reflects the cognitive appraisal of information about changes in bodily state in conjunction with the inferences about the causes of those changes, consistent with a predictive coding framework. Moreover, individual differences in physiological responsivity influence the experience of emotions and people can be categorized according to their accuracy in judging physiological processes including heartbeats. Studies of good and bad 'heartbeat detectors' confirm a relationship between enhanced interoceptive ability and intensity of emotional experiences. Mechanistically, central signalling of cardiovascular arousal occurs via the activation of baroreceptors at cardiac systole that signals the occurrence and amplitude of individual heartbeats. We have shown this interoceptive stream differentially influences automatic processing and intentional evaluation of emotional stimuli including facial expressions. Nevertheless, cognitive and physiological dimensions of interoception can be dissociated experimentally, endorsing a model of interoceptive predictive coding which we have recently developed.
Talk 2: "Interoception and the Problem of Consciousness"
Jim Hopkins (Department of Philosophy, King's College, UK)
Abstract: Recent studies have shown that "unconscious" processing can be surprisingly powerful (cf work in the labs of Lamme, Dijksterhuis, Mattler, Haynes, Dehaene, Bargh, myself, etc). I had taken these results to be a challenge to the notion that sensory awareness has special functional power. Here I criticize my previous arguments. A useful analogy: People without legs can move around (albeit poorly), but we all agree that legs are for locomotion. Likewise, although certain higher cognitive functions can be performed without awareness (just barely better than chance), it does not mean that awareness has no functional advantage. A different approach is to create conditions where subjects are equally good at detecting and discriminating the stimulus, but they report different subjective levels of awareness. Under these performance capacity‐matched cases, we observed functional advantage for awareness only in some specific tasks. These results give powerful constraints for theorizing about sensory awareness in general.
Talk 3: "Just a heartbeat away from one's body: interoceptive sensitivity and malleability of self-representations"
Manos Tsakiris (University of London, UK)
Abstract: Body-awareness relies on the representation of both interoceptive and exteroceptive percepts coming from one's body. However, the exact relationship and possible interaction of interoceptive and exteroceptive systems for body-awareness remain unknown. Based on recent models of self-awareness that consider the insula as a convergence zone linked to the representation of the bodily self, we examined the interaction between interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness of the body. Across three experiments, we combined measures of interoceptive sensitivity with experimental manipulations of body representations. Consistent results suggests that interoceptive sensitivity predicts the malleability of body representations, that is, people with low interoceptive sensitivity experience stronger illusions of embodiment ("rubber hand illusion") and identification ("enfacement illusion"). In one final experiment, we manipulated interoceptive sensitivity by mirror self-observation. Overall these findings suggest that interoceptive sensitivity modulates the integration of multisensory information and predicts the strength of self-representations.
SYMPOSIUM 3: Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access
Chair: Ned Block (Departments of Philosophy, Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA)
The most basic issue concerning the foundations of conscious perception is whether perceptual consciousness is rich or sparse. The overflow argument uses a form of iconic memory to argue that perceptual consciousness is rich, i.e. has a higher capacity than cognitive access: we are conscious of more than we can report or think about. However, there is also evidence that iconic memory is fragmentary and that it may involve "gists" or generic representations. These points have been used to argue that the informational resources that are the basis of "partial report superiority" in iconic memory experiments are really unconscious, and so the overflow argument is mistaken. A further alternative is that the debate between rich and sparse views of perception is not empirically decideable. This issue is one of the most thoroughly interdisciplinary of all theoretical issues concerning consciousness and accordingly this symposium has two philosophers and two scientists.
Talk1: "The fundamental methodological problem of consciousness research "
Ned Block (Departments of Philosophy, Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA)
Theories of consciousness are ultimately based on what we and other people report (or better: think) about their conscious states in various experimental paradigms. Some approaches—mine for example—claim that on the basis of such evidence we can conclude that cosciousness is richer than cognitive access and in particular there are experimental setups where inevitably reports and other cognitive processes will not reflect all of the specific details of conscious experience. But how can we know about the unaccessed conscious detail when being unaccessed would seem to preclude such knowledge? A similar problem arises in knowing about the conscious experience of unattended stimuli, since reporting requires attention to the stimuli or to memory traces of them, and attention is known to alter conscious experience. This talk proposes a solution to this problem.
Talk 2: "Kinds of access and phenomenality"
Jérôme Sackur (Department of Cognitive Studies, Ecole Normale Supérieure, France)
The science of consciousness seems to face a recurrent dilemma: either accept a non fully reportable phenomenal quality of conscious contents or repudiate phenomenality altogether. In this talk I will argue that this dilemma seems to arise only because of the delusive simplicity of the notion of cognitive access. I will show that access is more diverse than commonly acknowledged, and that it can be probed in many ways. Cognitive access is not uniform: for one given stimulus, it may vary in completeness, and also in regards to levels of processing. Therefore, any report of a conscious state must integrate an array of disparate fragments of accessed information, and take into account prior knowledge of the context. I argue that with this richer notion of access, we can aim for a functional construal of consciousness which obviates the need for a special kind of phenomenal consciousness.
Talk 3: "Making perceptual consciousness accessible"
Ilja Gabriël Sligte (Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
In recent years, we have published several papers showing the existence of a high-capacity (up to 15 objects) and long-lived (up to 4s) form of sensory memory that can be clearly dissociated from pure iconic memory (Sligte, Scholte, Lamme, 2008) and from working memory (Sligte, Wokke, Tesselaar, Scholte, & Lamme, 2010; Vandenbroucke, Sligte, & Lamme, 2011). However, all these results were based on partial-report experiments where subjects had to choose between change and no-change responses. This fact has triggered the criticism that subjects were just guessing (Phillips, 2011) on the basis of unconscious representations, as in blindsight. To explore this alternative explanation of our findings, we tested how subjects performed on a partial-report task with continuous response options (see Zhang & Luck, 2008; Bays & Husain, 2008 for examples of the task; we added retro-cues to this paradigm similar to Sligte, Scholte, & Lamme, 2008). We observed that subjects could report 7 objects (out of 10) with high precision on pure iconic memory conditions, about 6 on retro-cue (long-lasting and fragile form of iconic memory) conditions, and only 4 on postcue, working memory conditions. This suggests that all our previous studies validly make perceptual consciousness available for cognitive access.
Talk 4: "Indeterminate perceptual consciousness and cognitive access"
James Stazicker (Department of Philosophy, New York University, USA)
Does perceptual consciousness require cognitive access? Those who think it does often appeal to 'inattentional blindness' experiments to confirm their view. Those who think it doesn't often appeal to partial report experiments to confirm theirs. I'll argue that these experiments seem to provide this sort of evidence about perceptual consciousness and cognitive access, only because of an assumption about the determinacy of perceptual consciousness. To assess this assumption, we have to face up to a more ancient philosophical controversy about the difference between perception and cognition."
SYMPOSIUM 4: Balancing the self: Vestibular contributions to self-consciousness
Chair: Dr. Christophe Lopez (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Provence France)
Recent developments in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy of mind have highlighted some of the bodily foundations of the subjective experience of being a self (bodily self-consciousness). Yet, past research has focused on the convergence of visual, tactile and proprioceptive signals for aspects of bodily self-consciousness such as the sense of body ownership, self-identification, and self-location. However, recent work suggests a fundamental importance of vestibular signals for bodily self-consciousness. The fact that the vestibular system has been neglected until recently is surprising because this sensory system encodes one's body position with respect to gravity as well as translations and rotations of the body in space. We will present data from cognitive neuroscience, neurology and neuroimaging showing the importance of the interactions of vestibular signals with visual and somatosensory signals to reflect bodily self-consciousness, including the first-person perspective. Bigna Lenggenhager will describe recent data on experimentally-induced changes in self-location and first-person perspective that were induced via visuo-vestibular and tactile conflicts. The importance of vestibular signals in perspective taking, self-other and self-environment distinctions will be discussed by Christophe Lopez. Gabriella Bottini will demonstrate the possibility to manipulate bodily consciousness, and various bodily deficits of neurological origin, using vestibular stimulation. The three speakers will discuss the convergence of vestibular signals in brain areas underpinning body representations. The convergence of the data presented during this symposium should stimulate the inclusion of vestibular signals into current models of body representations and pre-reflective forms of bodily self-consciousness.
Talk1: "Vestibular contribution to multisensory mechanisms underlying the sense of self"
Bigna Lenggenhager (Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Department, Sapienza University, Italy)
Abstract: Data in neurological patients with disturbances in the bodily self suggest an important role of vestibular processes in global aspects of the self such as self-location and first-person perspective. We used mental imagery and multisensory bodily illusions to simulate aspects of such neurological conditions in healthy participants to investigate underlying functional and neural mechanisms. In these experiments both vestibular stimulation as well as visuo-vestibular conflicts interfered with global aspects of the self, confirming a contribution of vestibular processing to a stable sense of self, localized at a specific position in space with a single perspective on the world. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) activity reflected experimental changes in self-location and first-person perspective due to multisensory conflicts. This finding relates again to data in neurological patients that suggest integration of vestibular, somatosensory and visual signals in the TPJ are crucial for a stable sense of self.
Talk 2: "Vestibular and multisensory foundations of self-location and self-other distinction"
Christophe Lopez (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Provence, France)
Abstract: The vestibular system provides concurrent signals about gravity and one's body position and motion in space. I will argue that vestibular signals play a crucial role in unifying bodily and extracorporeal signals necessary for self-location and self-other distinction. The core vestibular cortex overlaps with the temporo-parietal region, insula and intraparietal sulcus, three brain regions involved in self-processing. First, I will show that artificial stimulation of the vestibular system (caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation) can interfere with these brain regions and modulate self-location and the conscious experience of the body (mental representation of the body shape and size, body ownership). Finally, I will present psychophysical data showing that, by distinguishing self-motion from other- and environment-motion, vestibular signals contribute to the subjective experience of being a self.
Talk 3: "Is there a vestibular-somatosensory interaction? Evidence from brain-damaged patients and healthy participants"
Gabriella Bottini (Psychology Department, University of Pavia, Italy)
Abstract: Signals from the vestibular system make a crucial contribution to everyday behaviours. No primary vestibular cortex has been identified, rather several multimodal areas integrate vestibular, visual and somatosensory signals. Functional imaging results revealed a clear anatomical overlap of vestibular and somatosensory projections in a number of parietal areas. Moreover, clinical evidence suggests a direct functional link between these sensory systems: a temporary remission of tactile imperception has been observed after left cold caloric vestibular stimulation in right and left brain-damaged patients. Further, psychophysical studies showed that vestibular stimulation improves detection of touch but, intriguingly, it also dramatically increases the threshold for detecting pain. These results lead to the suggestion that specific cross-modal perceptual interactions occur between vestibular and somatosensory systems. Successful interaction with the environment involves constant adjustment and updating of multisensory inputs. The vestibular system seems to play a crucial role in influencing processing within other individual sensory channels.


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email@example.com (Vidyasankar Sundaresan) wrote: I am only addressing the relevant section of the post here -Manish :let me close by quoting the BrhadAraNyaka upanishad to you. In the last :portion of the Maitreyi Brahmana, Yajnavalkya says, : :"yatra tu dvaitam iva bhavati, tatra itara itaram jigrati, paSyati, :sprSati. yatra sarvam AtmA eva abhUt, tatra kena kam paSyet, kena kam :jigret, kena kam sprSet? .... vijnAtAram are kena vijAnIyat?" : :Note the use of the words iva and eva. : :yatra tu dvaitam iva bhavati - where there *seems* (iva) to be duality, :tatra itara itaram paSyati,... - there one sees, smells, touches the :other. : :yatra sarvam AtmA eva abhUt - where the Atma *alone* (eva) is :everything, :tatra kena kam paSyet,....... - there how is one to see, smell, or touch :whom? :........ :vijnAtAram are kena vijAnIyat? - How is the Knower to be known? : :Please note the categorical description of all duality as *iva* - a :seeming thing only. Note the complete absence of duality of all duality in :the state of moksha - "yatra sarvam AtmA eva abhUt". We know very well that seeing, smelling, touching, etc. as in this verse refers to these actions of the body. Since we are spirit souls, obviously, in the liberated state (of moksha) we will not engage in/experience these mundane material senses. The verse "yatra sarvam AtmA eva abhUt" doesn't says ONE bit about the existence or non-existence of paramatma, cunning advaitans would however like us to believe that it does. Meanwhile, here is more from the Upanisads: (1) Mundaka Upanisad (3.2.9) "paramam brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati" One who knows the Supreme Brahman attains Brahman (thanks Vijay) (2) Gopal-tapani Upanisad (1.1) sac-cid-ananda-rupaya krashnayaklista-karine namo vedanta vedyaya gurave buddhi-saksine "I offer my respectful obeisances unto Krishna, who has a transcendental form of eternity, knowledge, and bliss. I offer my respect to Him because understanding Him means understanding the Vedas and He is therefore the Supreme spiritual master." (3) Mundaka Upanisad (3.1.2)/ Svetasvatara Upanisad (4.7) samane urkse puruso nimagno 'nisaya socati muhyamanah justam yada pasyaty anyam isam asys mahimanam iti vita-sokah "Although the two birds are in the same tree (body), the eating bird (jivatma) is fully engrosed with anxiety and moroseness as the enjoyer of the fruits of the tree. But if in some way or other he turns his face to his friend (paramatma) who is the Lord and knows His glories - at once the suffering bird becomes free from all anxieties." (4) Gopal-tapani Upanisad (1.24) yo brahmanam vidadhati purvam ya vai vedams ca gapayati sma krshnah "It was Krishna who in the beginning instructed Brahma in Vedic knowledge and who disseminated Vedic knowledge in the past." (5) Narayana Upanisad (1) atha puruso ha vai narayano 'kamayata prajah srjeyeti "Then the Supreme Personality Narayana desired to create living entities." (6) Svetasvatara Upanisad (6.7-8) tam isvaranam paramam mahesvaram tam devatanam paramam ca daivatam patim patinam paramam parastad vidama devam bhuvanesesam idyam na tasya karyam karanam ca vidyate na tad-samas cabhyadhikas ca drsyate parasya saktir vividhaiva sruyate svabhaviki jnana-bala-kriya ca "The Supreme Lord is the controller of all other controllers, and He is the greatest of all diverse planetary leaders. Everyone is under His control. All entities are delegated with particular power only by the Supreme Lord; they are not supreme themselves. He is also worshipable by all demigods and is the supreme director of all demigods. Therefore, He is transcendental to all kinds of material leaders and controllers and is worshipable by all. There is no one greater than Him, and He is the supreme cause of all causes." "He does not posses bodily form like that of an ordinary living entity. There is no difference between His body and His soul. He is absolute. All His senses are transcendental. Any one of His senses can perform the action of any other senses. Therefore no one is greater than Him or equal to Him. His potencies are multifarious, and thus His deeds are automatically performed as a natural sequence." (7) Svetasvatara Upanisad (6.23) yasya deva para bhaktir yatha deve tatha garau tasyaite kathita hy arthah prakasante mahatmanah and last but not least (actually there are many more) (8) Kalisantarana Upanisad hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare hare krishna hare krishna krishna krishna hare hare I am sure it will take more than just fudging between logic and some dogma(s) to explain with the advaita philosophy - how can one attain liberation (moksha - your favourite word) simply by reciting mere symbols as you would like to call them. [Upanisadic quotes 2-7 from Bhagavad Gita As It Is by His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada] yes in the state of moksha, atma alone is for *you*, but 1. what about the Supreme Brahman "paramam brahma" - (1)? 2. what about the two birds - (3)? 3. what about the Supreme Lord "isvaranam paramam" (6)? 4. what about the other jivatams (or atmas/atmans - pick your favourite word)? please note that Yajnavalkya (in the quote you gave) is talking specifically to the Maitreyi Brahmana, but the point about "atma alone is" applies to all the jivatmas. Since the nature of atma is brahman (i.e. sat-cit-ananda) how can there be only one Giant atma and others join in that blob as they liberate and consequently accuire the nature of sat-cit-ananda? "sat" means truth and/or eternity. If jivatmas are brahman, they shall remain to be so, if they are not than they cannot become sat either. Either something is eternal or it is not. Period. On the Absolute platform, either something is truth or it is not. That was the simple point of my post. The quote from Brhadaranyaka upanishad actually only supports what I had said in my original post. Care to tell us why you continue to evade that point? aham brahmasmi (and tat tvam asi) when taken literally implies oneness, but the same when seen closely also implies duality (aham sat-cit-ananda). My original post very elaborately described that there certainly is oneness (qualitatively) and difference, since "aham brahmasmi" is true not for just one soul but for all, and as they are all eternal, they shall always be. Obviously S. Vidyasankar missed that. Tell me how can you explain oneness and difference w/o acintya bheda-abheda Also, here you proved beyond doubt that you are not capable/interested in talking logic either. :Note that this is exactly what the advaita interpretation of the Vedanta :upholds. Which is *exactly* what I adressed. I will be very interested to have an independent person read my article and decide whether that was the impression of advaita they got from my article or not. :S. Vidyasankar Hari Bol! Manish ---------------- End Article ----------------------
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|Home > Rivka
♀ Rivka
What does Rivka mean?
Rivka [riv-ka]▲ as a girls' name has its root in Hebrew, and the meaning of the name Rivka is "to bind". Rivka is an alternate spelling of Rebecca (Hebrew). Biblical: Rebekah. Rivka is also a derivative of Riva (Hebrew).
ALTERNATIVE FORMS VIA REBECCA, RIVA Becka, Bekka, Reba▼, Rebba, Rebeka, Reeba, Reeva, Reva▼, Reveka, Revekah, Revekka, Rheba, Rifka, Rivah, Rivekka, Rivi, RivyCREATIVE FORMS
(female) Rivla, Rivra, ..
(male) Rivgan, Rivnan, .. MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
Rivka Madalynn (R.M.), ..
How popular is Rivka?
Rivka is a somewhat popular first name for women (#3418 out of 4276, Top 80%) but a unique last name for both adults and children. (2000 U.S. CENSUS)
Rivka was first listed in 1970-1979 and reached its top position of #876 in the U.S. in the year 2015. (TOP BABY NAMES, 2015)
Which version is better?with its source forms and related girl names. Rebecca (#188 IN 2015), Rheba, Rebeka, Reba and Reva are the popular alternative forms of Rivka (#876). These relations of Rivka reached the apex of their popularity during the years 1970-1979 (USAGE OF 1.3%) and have become much less popular since (USAGE 0.1%, DOWN 90%). Rebecca is the all-time favorite, although Rivka seems to be gaining popularity too, while versions like Reba are now less popular.
Similar NamesSuggested similar names are Cilka, Mika, Milka, Mirka, Nika, Rezka, Ria, Riana, Rica, Ricca, Ricka, Ricki, Ricky, Rida, Rieca, Riecka (see Rica), Rieka, Riesa, Rieta, Rika, Riki, Rikke, Rikki▼, Rikky, Rilla▼, Rima, Rina, Riona, Riqua, Risa, Rita▼, Ritsa, Ritta, Sitka, Tinka, Vavka (see Varvara), Vika, Vitka, Viveka, Vivika, Yevka and Zivka. These names tend to be less frequently used than Rivka.


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Site Home » Reptiles » Lizards » Species » Crested Gecko » Housing
Most captive crested geckos are housed in a standard glass aquarium, with a 10-gallon size being large enough for one adult. Obviously, the more geckos you are housing together, the more space you will need to provide. The aquarium should have a tight-fitting lid, and the kind with small doors work well, as they allow an easy way to feed without the potential for escape during feeding time.
The bottom of your gecko's cage should be covered with a substrate, which can be peat moss, dried leaves, soil, newspaper, or a variety of other choices. The cage should also include hiding areas. Since crested geckos are nocturnal, they will need places to hide during the day. Hiding places can be made out of many different things, such as a box with a hole cut out of it, a section of PVC pipe, or a cardboard paper towel roll.
Crested geckos prefer temperatures between 72° and 80°F. Temperatures that are any higher or lower will quickly stress your pet. Most rooms that are heated in the winter and air conditioned in the summer will suit a crested gecko just fine, with no additional heat source required.
The humidity is an important factor to consider in your crested gecko's housing. If the humidity is not adequate, your gecko may experience dehydration or shedding problems, which could eventually be fatal. The relative humidity of the enclosure should remain between 70 and 80 percent. You can keep track of the humidity by using a hygrometer, and if the levels fall too low, mist the sides of the tank with a spray bottle to bring up the humidity level.
To avoid the risk of certain health problems, your crested gecko's enclosure should be cleaned regularly. On a daily basis, you should remove any uneaten food and make sure he has enough clean water. Every week or so you should change or clean the substrate, clean the walls of the cage, clean any accessories in the cage, and sanitize the water bowl. Every single month, the cage should be broken down completely and thoroughly sanitized with a 10 percent bleach solution.
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