text:
A defense ranked 28th in the NFL last season added six potential defensive starters in middle linebacker Sam Cowart, defensive tackle Pat Williams, first-round defensive end Erasmus James, linebacker Napoleon Harris, cornerback Fred Smoot and safety Darren Sharper.
"We've got a whole school of barracudas now," Cottrell says with a deep laugh.
The $40 million in salary cap savings the Vikings recouped by trading Randy Moss to Oakland enabled vice president of football operations Rob Brzezinski to sign five veteran starters to help rehabilitate a defense that allowed 395 points, seventh-most in the league last season.
With the additions of Cowart and Williams, Cottrell's revamped defense should align in a different type of zone — a comfort zone. Cottrell has been reunited with five players who played for his top-ranked 1999 Bills' unit that ranked third in 2000.
Cornerback Antoine Winfield, Minnesota's $34.8 million 2003 offseason addition, was a rookie nickel back on that '99 Bills defense that also included current Vikings cornerback Ken Irvin and linebacker Keith Newman.
Adding Pat Williams alongside Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kevin Williams gives Cottrell a run-stuffing defensive tackle tandem on a potential par with Jacksonville's inside wall of Marcus Stroud and John Henderson.
"It's the best talent I've had since I was coaching in Buffalo," Cottrell says. "It's important to get guys who are familiar with your scheme. We have the confidence we can do what we did in Buffalo."
Underpinning Minnesota's defensive transformation is a quest for redemption by Cottrell and Cowart, a team of their own with a rapport that runs much deeper than the typical coach-player relationship.
Cottrell, a 58-year-old former NFL and Canadian Football League linebacker who played briefly with the Atlanta Falcons alongside Tommy Nobis, is trying to resurrect his proud past with the on-field emissary who has been with him at his last three coaching stops.
There is a lot of Cottrell, whom his Delaware State College teammates nicknamed "The Mild-Mannered Maniac," in Cowart.
"It's a different guy who comes out on game day," Cottrell says.
It's the same deal for the quietly confident Cowart. Cottrell coached the 6-2, 245-pound linebacker for three seasons in Buffalo and two seasons with the Jets before taking the fall for an aging, disappointing defense after the 2003 Jets finished 6-10. Two weeks later, coach Mike Tice hired him to fill the void left by George O'Leary's departure to Central Florida. This offseason, Cottrell reached out for the linebacker whom he has long regarded as a surrogate son.
"You can say Sam and I are seeking redemption together," Cottrell says. "We're out to prove we can get the job done. We needed a few more veteran additions to get us over the hump. Sam is a great leader and an excellent example for the younger players behind him."
Before he was cut down by injuries, Cowart, 30, was a sideline-to-sideline force on a playmaking par with Baltimore linebacker Ray Lewis. Cowart was the Pro Bowl heart of Buffalo's defense until he was chopped down by a Tampa Bay guard, resulting in a severe ankle injury that ended his 2000 season after 12 games. Cowart also suffered a season-ending Achilles' tendon tear in Buffalo's 2001 season opener.
"He and Ray Lewis were the best linebackers in the league before Sam suffered that Achilles' injury," Cottrell says.
Cottrell awarded a first-round grade to Cowart, never thinking he'd be there for the Bills, who lacked a first-round pick in the 1998 draft. But the Florida State star with the nickname "NFL" fell to Buffalo with the 39th overall choice because of concerns about a knee injury.
The scouting report on Cowart says he has lost a step coming off a season in which he missed eight games with a sprained knee, losing his job to Defensive Rookie of the Year Jonathan Vilma. Yet he played impressively after being moved from the weak side to the middle in the two games before he went down. His anticipation and familiarity with Cottrell's 4-3 system compensate for any lost step. Rookie linebackers E.J. Henderson and Dontarrious Thomas made poor decisions and didn't tackle well, a lethal combination for the Vikings.
Cowart insists he has a lot left. Knowing Vilma was the future, he asked the Jets to trade him and was thrilled when his pro football godfather called, inviting him to visit Minnesota's Eden Prairie training complex. He cherishes how Cottrell talked the Jets into stepping up with $1.8 million in guaranteed money and bear-hugged him when the Jets finally signed him after other teams passed on a player coming off an Achilles' tendon injury.
"Ted is like a father figure," Cowart says. "We talk a lot about life. When I came in the league, he took me under his wing and gave me the opportunity to play my rookie year. I learned the things you have to do to be better prepared than your opponent, how to study game tape and game plans.
"What I learned from Ted in my early years, I'm trying to teach the young guys here. Quicker recognition in this game can make all the difference in an interception, a tackle to stop a first down, a forced fumble or a batted down ball."
Cowart wanted another opportunity to play the middle and clear his reputation.
"New York clouded people's opinion of me," Cowart says. "They were saying: 'Oh, he's old. He can't play anymore.' When I got hurt last season, people were saying I'm injury prone. I know what I can do. Ted's giving me that opportunity. But I have to earn it."
So far, Cowart has been impressive as Minnesota's much-needed maestro in the middle.
"We're all very pleased with the way Sam's performing, leading the defense, making the right calls," Cottrell says. "He's been every bit the leader we hoped."
A wrenching loss shaped Cowart's somber presence. He was 14, watching the late-night news in Jacksonville on Sept. 25, 1989, when a bulletin crushed him. Cowart's 19-year-old sister, LaShawn, and her 2-year-old son, Travis, were shot dead by the man she was dating.
Cowart assumed the role as man of the house for his mother and four brothers whose father abandoned them. LaShawn always encouraged him to play football and attended his games like the older brother he never had. When he signed a six-year, $31 million deal with the Jets in 2002, Cowart started a program in LaShawn's honor, donating reconditioned cell phones to domestic violence victims. If his sister had a cell phone to call for help, Cowart believes she might still be alive.
"I picture my sister everywhere I go," Cowart says. "We visit her grave site all the time. That's someone I'll have with me long after football and I'll pass on her memory to my son."
Cowart would like to start a similar program to help domestic violence victims in Minnesota.
"I wish my sister had an opportunity to get out of the bad situation she was in," he said in 2002. "I don't know if it was money laundering or what. But she found out the guy she was dating was involved in some bad business and was threatening to go to the police when she and my nephew were shot. If she had a cell phone, maybe she could have gotten help."
Says Cottrell: "He carries her loss deep within. He's always looking to help other people if he can. It's typical of Sam Cowart. He's a great person."
A noticeably trimmer and relaxed Tice, who has shed 24 pounds, leans back in his desk chair inside his seventh-floor dormitory suite at Minnesota State University, overlooking the Vikings' practice field.
"When we looked at our team, the one thing we felt we lacked was veteran leadership and consistency as far as playmakers on defense," Tice says. "We were still talking with Jacksonville about a trade for (safety) Donovin Darius. But it took one meeting with Darren Sharper to realize he was the guy who would fit us better.
"Fred Smoot gives us an excellent corner tandem with Antoine. And Kevin Williams was getting double-teamed at times by two-and-a-half men. We needed a beast like Pat Williams, who could hold down two guys and free up Kevin."
But Cowart was the experienced signal caller the Vikings lacked last season when Henderson and Thomas looked like bobblehead linebackers.
"To play (middle) linebacker, you have to have the awareness," Tice says. "The inconsistency we had at linebacker was going to continue to hurt us. We still think Sam Cowart has got some juice in those legs. I really like the addition of Sam. I just hope we're blessed enough to have him stay healthy."
Halfway through last season, Tice had seen enough.
"Right after the first Green Bay game, (a 34-31, Nov. 14 Vikings loss), I made us take everything out," Tice says. "We were bland and base as could be. With the veteran guys we added, we'll be able to get after the quarterback more.
"Redemption is good. All of us by nature have tremendous pride in what we do. We not only have Ted and Sam wanting to prove themselves, we have some other guys who want to prove themselves."
Tice, who apologized and paid a $100,000 fine to the league for reselling his Super Bowl tickets for more than face value, is entering the final year of a $1 million deal. New owner Zygmunt Wilf has given him everything he needs but a new deal to chase a divisional championship.
"He needs time to get to know each of us," Tice says. "This is an intelligent man who's made a lot of money who's going to decide who should be on his team and who shouldn't be. You have to respect that.
"I've made mistakes that I regretted. Hopefully, I've apologized for those mistakes and learned lessons from those mistakes. But I'm still going to make mistakes because I'm a human being. Hopefully, I've matured into this role and as a professional throughout these three years. I do know this: I love this team. We have a lot of good guys, and I love my coaching staff.
"They're on top of their game, and as hard as they've worked for me, I hope they have the success they deserve."
Cottrell and his wife were shocked to learn their son T.J., a second-year Vikings tight end allocated to NFL Europe's Frankfurt team, was badly hurt attempting to break up an altercation instigated by another player with bouncers at a German nightclub. One of the bouncers beat the players with a bat, requiring three titanium plates be surgically implanted in the younger Cottrell's face. Even if you heard the story, you'd never know to see him now.
"T.J.'s been doing pretty good in camp, and he's showed no ill effects," his father says. "I'm proud of him."
Now the elder Cottrell looks to rid the bitter taste of last season.
"Teddy is a guy you grew up with," veteran defensive end Lance Johnstone says. "He's in control, yet approachable. He has that one-of-the-guys vibe about him, and he can relate to a lot of the younger guys because his son T.J. is their age. Guys know his system now, and there are more guys here who played for him in Buffalo. That shortens our chemistry curve."
Cottrell plans a night of bowling to foster the camaraderie he knows is essential to a fast start.
"There's been a lot of investment in the talent level of this group, but talent alone doesn't make a good defense," Cottrell says. "You have to pull for each other and if you do that, we'll get to where we want to go. It's all about how fast we can get together."
If the defense accomplishes its goals, maybe the eighth time will prove the charm. Cottrell has interviewed for an NFL head coaching job seven times, the last time in 2003, when he appeared the front-runner for the 49ers' opening until then-GM Terry Donahue hired Dennis Erickson. Erickson was fired after two seasons.
"I haven't given up hope of being a head coach in this league," Cottrell says. "That's still my dream. If we do what we hope this season, hopefully, there will be another opportunity."
Says Cowart: "If we can put together a memorable season on defense, that will help his chances to get a head coaching job. Ted definitely deserves it. He's a player's coach I've followed to two teams. If I had it my way, I wouldn't play for any other defensive coordinator."


text:
Senators Urge Against Loan Fee Increase in Budget Deal
By Nick Timiraos
Sens. Tim Johnson (D., S.D.) and Mike Crapo (R., Idaho), the leaders of the Senate Banking Committee, have asked fellow lawmakers engaged in negotiations over a budget deal not to raise loan-guarantee fees charged by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to generate new revenue.
Congressional negotiators have been trying to reach a small-scale budget agreement to avoid future showdowns over fiscal issues that resulted in the government shutdown in October. Party leaders have been haggling over where to set spending levels for next year and how to pay for any spending increases.
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Why would Fannie and Freddie be involved? The companies, which the government effectively controls as a result of their 2008 bailouts, charge so-called "guarantee fees" to cover potential losses on mortgages they insure. For government accounting purposes, any increases in those fees can be considered government revenue, making them a potentially attractive way to offset other government spending. In 2011, Congress approved a short-term extension of a payroll tax cut by raising those guarantee fees by 0.1 percentage point, so there's already a precedent for tapping the mortgage-finance giants to fund other government expenses.
The real-estate industry has lobbied heavily against such fee increases because those are generally passed along to homeowners in the form of higher mortgage rates and they divert revenue away from Fannie and Freddie, meaning they aren't used for their normal purpose of covering potential loan losses. Fannie and Freddie, meanwhile, have become enormously profitable in recent quarters as loan delinquencies have slowed and home prices have jumped, which curbs losses on foreclosures.
In the letter sent Thursday to party leaders, Sens. Johnson and Crapo wrote to "express our strong opposition" to the use of those fees for offsetting other government spending. Not only would it be unfair to taxpayers and homeowners, they wrote, but it could set back efforts to overhaul the mortgage-finance giants.
Sens. Johnson and Crapo have been working to draft a bipartisan bill that would overhaul the housing-finance market and resolve the uncertain fates of Fannie and Freddie. "Any use of the guarantee fees as offsets would make that effort more expensive for taxpayers and could limit our ability to achieve real reform," they wrote in the letter.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Swapping 4.10 Gears into a Jeep CJ-7 Dana 30 Front Axle
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text:
brannigan saw that the proposal was a serious one, and his face stiffened.
Some one was telling how brannigan fixed 'em over in the Eleventh.
It is improbable that the calf had any clear comprehension of the English tongue, or even of brannigan's backwoods variant of it.
brannigan would tumble from his bunk and rush out to the rescue.
In the end it was Mrs. brannigan who found them in an old biscuit tin under some oilskins.
"Then we'll have to warm ourselves huggin' Mary," laughed brannigan.
Sweeny followed him at a little distance and spoke to the men who were sitting on brannigan's window sills.
In warm weather his endurance would have been, no doubt, equal to brannigan's.
"Then take that," yelled brannigan, aiming a terrible blow at the boy.
He felt it was good of brannigan not to have resented the suggestion as an insult.
[1903+; fr the Irish surname, for unclear reasons]


text:
It comes a week after Japan revised its defence policy to ease some of its self-imposed restrictions on military activity, including an arms export ban.
Japan and the US began joint research into a next-generation missile defence system shortly after North Korea flew a missile over Japan in 1998.
The Japanese government has also identified China as a future threat.
"Developing a missile defence is tough work, but my friend it is a noble challenge," US Ambassador Howard Baker told Japanese Defence Minister Yoshinori Ono after they had signed the memorandum of understanding.
Mr Ono told the news conference: "After joint research, we will move on to joint production.
"This is the demand of the time."
Last week's decision to relax Japan's ban on arms exports will mean it is now easier for Tokyo to co-operate on technical development with the US of its proposed missile defence shield, also known as "son of star wars".
However, the Pentagon said on Wednesday that the first test of the planned multi-billion dollar anti-missile shield in nearly two years had failed, with an interceptor missile failing to launch.
In addition to researching a new missile defence system with Washington, Japan last year bought its own missile defence system worth 700bn yen ($6.5bn) which is set to be fully operational in 2011.
Japan and the US' defence commitments are designed to address concerns about North Korea, which possesses missiles that can reach Japan, and about China's military build-up.
But there are fears among some arms control experts that the development of defensive systems could spur those same countries to bolster their offensive capabilities.


text: comments below.... On Apr 17, 2009, at 12:55 PM, Victor Gregorio wrote: > Hey Steve, > > Thanks for the reply. My comments are inline... > > On Fri, Apr 17, 2009 at 09:54:23AM -0400, Steve Young wrote: >> Hi, >> I'm not using HA on our grid but I thought I would add that I can >> restart torque/maui on the server and it doesn't effect the running >> jobs >> on the nodes. I would like to think HA would operate in the same >> fashion. > > In my configuration, the compute nodes reboot during the pbs_server > failover. Since the mom_priv folder is on persistent disk storage, I > expected rerunable jobs in the Running state to be requeued. > yea if the pbs_mom's restart your job is done... I'd expect that they *should* get re-run and in fact I believe our grid works like this (but I'm not for certain really haven't fully tested it and I'm in need of a torque upgrade soon anyhow). I do know that a recent power outage and and a bad UPS that some nodes were rebooted and those jobs did restart. But the troubling thing is I'm not sure of is why since the user didn't specify this in their batch script. I know another user's jobs did not re-start too. >> As for re-runnable jobs here's my take on it. A job that can be re- >> run is >> one that can be started over from the beginning. Meaning the >> program your >> using can't do checkpointing so if it failed part way through the >> only >> thing you can do is start it over. At least by making this job re- >> runnable >> you don't have to manually re-queue the job and loose your place in >> the >> queue. > > This is what I expected as well, but have not been able to create a > scenario where a job restarts from the beginning. Should running, > rerunable jobs restart if compute nodes are rebooted during a > pbs_server > failover? > I would think yes especially if you declare #PBS -r y. > Regards, > > -- > Victor Gregorio > Penguin Computing > >> However, some types of jobs can be set up to pick up where they >> left off >> if the job failed for some reason. This is not re-runnable since >> usually >> the user needs to change some of the files around for the job to >> make sure >> it picks up where it left off running from before. You wouldn't >> want this >> job to re-run since it would start over from the beginning and >> you'd loose >> all the computations that had already been done up to that point. >> >> I could be wrong too since some programs might be smart enough to >> know >> how to pick up where it left off when re-run, without user >> intervention. >> In this case it might be a re-runnable job since it actually can >> continue >> on from where it last left off. I hope this helps, >> >> -Steve >> >> >> On Apr 16, 2009, at 8:39 PM, Victor Gregorio wrote: >> >>> Hey folks, >>> >>> I configured the compute nodes to use persistent, disk storage for >>> the >>> mom_priv folder. >>> >>> Now, when the failover from primary to secondary pbs_server occurs, >>> running jobs marked rerunable do not abort. As hoped, they show >>> up in >>> the Running state, then Exit and Complete. But, when you look at >>> the >>> output, the job does not complete it's task. The job output is >>> truncated at the point of pbs_server failover. >>> >>> I expected these rerunable jobs to be requeued when the failover >>> occurred. When do jobs get rerun? Or am I misunderstanding what >>> rerunable jobs are? >>> >>> Reference: >>> http://www.clusterresources.com/pipermail/torqueusers/2006-August/004107.html >>> >>> Thank you, >>> >>> -- >>> Victor Gregorio >>> Penguin Computing >>> >>> On Wed, Apr 15, 2009 at 03:37:31PM -0700, Victor Gregorio wrote: >>>> Hello all, >>>> >>>> I have a Torque failover configuration using CentOS' heartbeat >>>> services. >>>> When the failover from the primary to the secondary pbs_server >>>> system >>>> happens, all running jobs marked rerunable try to restart on the >>>> secondary system. >>>> >>>> The problem is that the diskless compute nodes get re-provisioned, >>>> destroying all pbs_mom information about the running jobs. So, >>>> when >>>> the >>>> rerunable jobs try to run, they are aborted with "Job does not >>>> exist >>>> on >>>> node". >>>> >>>> Is there a way for the pbs_server to resubmit a rerunable job using >>>> data >>>> that is kept on the pbs_server? I have tried tweaking the -t >>>> option >>>> to >>>> 'hot' as well as changing mom_job_sync to False, but no luck. Any >>>> advice is appreciated. >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Victor Gregorio >>>> Penguin Computing >>>> >>>> _______________________________________________ >>>> torqueusers mailing list >>>> torqueusers at supercluster.org >>>> http://www.supercluster.org/mailman/listinfo/torqueusers >>> _______________________________________________ >>> torqueusers mailing list >>> torqueusers at supercluster.org >>> http://www.supercluster.org/mailman/listinfo/torqueusers >>


text:
The national conference was going so well for Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union national secretary Michael O'Connor, one of the labour movement's rising stars. He is the brother of Small Business Minister
The annual shindig had somehow papered over the cracks between the union's Maoist and Trotskyist wings and prickly personalities like former national secretary
One CFMEU official reflected wistfully that everyone at the dinner was otherwise well behaved, with only the odd journo imbibing too much. "It was a really good night, lots of people. Everyone spoke well, but the comedian made a big mistake." No one can be surprised that there was some rude humour at a CFMEU booze up. But timing is almost everything in politics, like it is in comedy.
The Australian Financial Review


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text:
Join as a member. There's a certificate with your name on it.
From Crell's blog post: http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/hierarchical-acls
The 'field of checkboxes' is not only complicated to use but not flexible enough for all the refined levels of permissions that may be desired. We could create a hierarchical permission system and a new permissions admin page to go with it.
|Jody Lynn
|Jody Lynn
|Jody Lynn
Comment #3Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
"Use PHP for block visibility" is probably a subset of Administer blocks, since you can't get to the form to use PHP without it.
Administer book outline should probably be something like book.admin.outline, or book.outline.
Not sure if it's appropriate for right now, but part of the goal is to kill the "administer X" permissions and replace them with much more fine-grained permissions. So comment.admin should probably be broken out into a half-dozen sub-permissions. Ibid for a couple of other places.
node.bypass seems misnamed. Shouldn't it be something like node.bypass_restrictions, or better yet node.access_all?
Revision access/reversion should probably be per-node type. It is not now. That's a problem. :-) Again, not sure if that's appropriate to fix here or not. (node.revisions.view.nodetype?)
Poll module can similarly be broken down further, I think.
search.access is probably more consistent than search.use.
Simpletest doesn't really have an "administrator". It has the ability to run tests or not. The current name is a bug. :-)
system.theme is confusing. Is that the ability to change one's personal theme, or the ability to change the site theme? Not obvious.
system.admin.access is one of those permissions that ideally would cease to exist in this model. Again, not sure if that's a now or a later.
user.account.change_own_username perhaps? Or user.account.edit.own.username? Hm...
Eventually I think all of the node.create/edit/delete permissions should be provided by node.module itself for all defined nodes; or rather, by a separate module that provides a pluggable node access mechanism based on permissions that can be replaced with another.
Subscribing. :-) Thank you for picking this up!
Comment #4dmitrig01 CreditAttribution: dmitrig01 commented
The node ones give me some trouble. node.create.X and node.X.create are good options, the first if you want to be able to be able to grant global "create everything" permissions, and the second if you want to be able to grant "do everything with X" permissions. I'm not sure which one is right.
Comment #5Dave Reid CreditAttribution: Dave Reid commented
Comment #6beejeebus CreditAttribution: beejeebus commented
@dmitrig01: that issue highlights the main limitation of the
foo.bar.baz structure - it only allows simple inheritance for a single tree.
i think we need two trees, one for the resource, and one for the action we are allowing on the resource. or, a clean way to distinguish between a resource tree and list of allowed actions, if we don't want inheritance for actions.
Comment #7Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
The question is, how do we handle multiple overlapping trees? That's non-trivial.
Alternatively, perhaps we can offer infix wildcards? node.*.create? Would that allow a way around needing multiple trees?
Comment #8beejeebus CreditAttribution: beejeebus commented
in case anyone can make it, we will be hacking on this at drupalcon: http://dc2009.drupalcon.org/node/4464
Comment #9drewish CreditAttribution: drewish commented
Comment #10greggles CreditAttribution: greggles commented
The 'field of checkboxes' is not only complicated to use
This page is infamous, but there's not much evidence that the UI is bad. I believe that all of the usability tests done on Drupal so far have shown that this page is one of the few pages that people actually understand.
They are confused by the words used in the descriptions and by the grouping/ordering, but not by the "field of checkboxes."
Comment #11yoroy CreditAttribution: yoroy commented
greggles is correct. The permissions page as it is now performs quite well in usability testing. Last weeks testing confirmed this again. The page is huge but easily understood. (Still a lot of room for improving the actual workflow for setting permissions, i.e. make them show up directly after installing a new module but I can see how that is totally out of scope here :-)
Still, tracking this for ux-team because I get the idea that this new approach might help us solve things like #301902: Allow more users to see the node admin page in a better way.
Have a good sprint for this at DCDC!
Comment #12wonder95 CreditAttribution: wonder95 commented
Comment #13EastWan CreditAttribution: EastWan commented
Comment #14sun CreditAttribution: sun commented
Wildcard-support seems the way to go.
Grant create action for a certain resource type:
Grant all actions for a certain resource type:
Grant create action for all resource types:
Grant all actions for all resource types:
The remaining question is just whether we solve this solely in the UI ("tick all"), but store all permissions expanded. Or whether we implement wildcard matching when user access is checked at run-time. I'm inclined to say it's rather an UI issue.
Comment #15Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
I disagree. It needs to be a run-time check. If I give someone node.edit.* permission ("edit any node"), then create a new node type, I should not have to go back to the admin and click submit again just to give them permission to that new node type. That should still be perfectly doable in the DB using a materialized path-like structure.
Comment #16sun CreditAttribution: sun commented
Sorry, yes, you're absolutely right. I didn't think of that, because that's one of the niceties a hierarchical permission system would finally allow.
Comment #17jstoller CreditAttribution: jstoller commented
I think I like where this is going!
Please, please, please include an "Administer everything" permission that inherits all rights. I expect that would make a lot of admins very happy.
Would there be a mechanism to exclude specific sub permissions? Could I give someone the equivalent of:
What might the UI for this look like? Adding exclusion means a simple check box will no longer work.
Would field level permission be possible for different content types?
Could I give different rolls permission to view/edit/delete specific menus? How about specific sections of a given menu (i.e. the ability to add and rearrange items only within a single branch of the Primary menu hierarchy).
This may be fodder for a separate discussion, but any thoughts about pairing hierarchical permissions with hierarchical rolls, thus allowing one roll to inherit the permissions of its children?
Comment #18Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
@jstoller: Those are very good questions, which we're trying to answer here. Please join in if you have something constructive to add to that answer finding. :-) (Hierarchical roles are a separate matter for now that I'd rather not deal with.)
Comment #20sun CreditAttribution: sun commented
Wildcards probably apply to all permissions that can (or could) be applied to a certain type only. Examples:
- Users have a type, it's just called "user role".
user.edit: Edit users
user.edit.roleA: Edit users with roleA
user.edit.roleB: Edit users with roleB
user.create: Create users
user.create.roleA: Add user with roleA
user.*.roleA: Do anything with users with roleA
- Taxonomy terms have a type (vocabulary).
Comment #21Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
Node access controls do need to be better abstracted from the permission system, but there's plenty of use for hierarchical permissions otherwise. Specifically, I'm thinking of "show this menu item if the user has this.menus.concept.*". For example, the /admin/users page would have a permission restriction of admin.users.*, which would give you access to the admin/users summary page iff you had permission to any of the sub-tasks of user administration. That makes the "access administration pages" permission pointless, and menu items behave more naturally.
Comment #23yoroy CreditAttribution: yoroy commented
It would probably be best to start a seperate issue for the UI. We found that discussing UI and functionality in one issue complicates matters real fast and makes it hard to keep track of what is actually being discussed.
But please do open one, ideally with a nice briefing of what UI should accomplish. Invite people to post mockups and screenshots etc. Let me know where it ends up and I'll try to send some UI peoples over.
Nice opportunity this, as you all are still in the early stages of hashing out the functionality, so still time to have both issues inspire eachother. Do it! :-) Thanks.
Comment #24Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
Would it be better to continue this here in the queue, or in a Group on g.d.o?
Comment #25yoroy CreditAttribution: yoroy commented
Let's try the queue. Catch wrote up a nice outline of how it could work in #411414: Module enabling / task workflow design. We've seen a lot of good brainstorming and mockups on g.d.o. but it doesn't get a lot of eyes from developers there and in general it seems hard to carry over ideas from there to here.
Comment #26jstoller CreditAttribution: jstoller commented
So if I understand this correctly, all permissions are of the form moduleName.actionName.objectName.subobjectName, with the potential to continue this down to an arbitrary level of specificity. So if I grant a user node.edit.page, then I'm really giving them node.edit.page.*. That way if I later enable field level permissions, they will automatically have node.edit.page.body and node.edit.page.title permissions.
As for wanting to use a wildcard for the actions as well, I'm wondering how much of an issue that is. Unlike objects, which are naturally hierarchical and can be subdivided ad infinitum, the actions we perform on those objects are discrete and limited in number. Basically, for any given object (or component there of) you can potentially view, edit, create, or delete it. To this we add one more option, administer, which indicates all of the above. In this context, rather than a wild card search we're really talking about a few or statements. I.e. — "Does the user have edit or administer privileges for this item?" In fact, while wildcards used in the object reference must be checked at run-time, it seems like the action wild card (or administer action) could just be a UI ploy that grants all four possible actions behind the scenes. Am I missing something?
Comment #27Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
Well I don't think we need to lock ourselves down to moduleName.actionName.objectName. There are cases where that makes sense, but nothing should be forced to be module-centric, for instance. (That only makes it harder for modules to integrate into a cohesive system.) New permissions should be able to be added anywhere they make sense to.
The level of specificity will probably have to be capped somewhere, just like it is for the menu system, in order to make decent queries possible. But otherwise yes on the nesting behavior. Which, now that I think about it, would allow for node.edit.page.$nid permissions to "just kinda work". OK, now I'm getting excited. :-)
"Administer Foo" permissions, though, need to go away and die. "Administer users" gets replaced with granting someone user.* permission. "Administer nodes" gets replaced with node.*. "Edit any page" becomes node.edit.page.*, and "administer organic groups" becomes og.*. Ideally it will lead to modules providing naturally more fine-grained permissions instead of "administer mymodule" and "the rest of you random people can't do anything", which is the norm these days and sucks royally. A lot of random module permissions would become system.mymodule.configure, or something like that, which would allow someone with system.* permission (formerly "administer site configuration") to pick up those permissions automatically, unless they were excluded from that user.
Follow? The original blog has more. :-)
Comment #28sun CreditAttribution: sun commented
Now, this simply blows me away. :)
However, the last sentence of yours made me think. Imagine modules are supposed to put their configuration permissions into system.mymodule.configure, then this means we allow and are encouraging module developers to put their permissions into "foreign" permission structures. That's awesome for this specific use-case, but could also lead to some drawbacks of unwanted wildcard permissions. I'm trying to think of a good example, but it's hard - this might do it: Consider Better Formats module, which uses permissions to control the input format selector on content-type specific node forms. So, a user with the right permissions will see additional form elements on the node form. My immediate suggestion would be: Use node.edit.page.formatX. However, wildcard permissions for node.edit or node.edit.page could then result in a) unexpected and b) unresolvable user permissions, i.e. the user would have no chance to configure permissions differently without granting permissions without wildcards.
Comment #29jstoller CreditAttribution: jstoller commented
So perhaps "module" was the wrong noun to use there. How about group.action.object, where "group" represents a logical collection of rights that share a defined object hierarchy? For instance node.'action'.'content type', or menu.'action'.'menu ID'. A module could then enhance this by expanding the defined object hierarchy for a given permission group. For instance node.'action'.'content type'.'field group'.'field', or menu.'action'.'menu ID'.'item ID'.
Of course, now I've convinced myself that infix wildcards are a necessity. What if I simultaneously want to control node permissions by user and field? I would have something like node.'action'.'creator'.'content type'.'field group'.'field'. This would be impossible to manage without using wildcards for 'creator' and perhaps 'content type'. I kinda feel like this is trying to force a direct hierarchy where it doesn't exist. Really what we're dealing with is more of a forked hierarchy, like node.'action'.('creator ID'&&'content type'&&'field group'.'field').
Comment #30sun CreditAttribution: sun commented
To advance on #28:
OTOH, we could also simply define a standard like
thing.configure. "Administer site configuration" would then equal:
Comment #31Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
- Yes, group is a much better top level logical item than module. Often that will correlate to a module, but not always.
- @sun, hm, valid point. I suppose the answer there is that either input formats should be in their own tree, or use something other than the permissions system for them.
- @#30, We want to be careful that foo.configure doesn't become the new "administer foo", as that's what we're trying to get away from. If anything, I'd prefer to see foo.configure.setThingX, foo.configure.setThingY, foo.configure.doThingZ. Extremely fine-grained.
- It occurs to me that if we allow and encourage infix wildcards then we're not really dealing with a hierarchy anymore, are we? We're dealing with an n-axis label. Of course, there's absolutely good reasons to do so as discussed above. The plot thickens...
Comment #32Berdir CreditAttribution: Berdir commented
This sounds almost too good to be true :)
An idea I just had about a possible UI is (maybe opt-in to another, more "classical" way), a simple auto-complete field, which is intelligent enough to handle autocompletion of the following things, similiar to how Code Completion works in IDE's:
- partially names: no => node
- next-level names, after a .: node. => create, delete, edit, anotherAction
- recognition of *: node.*. => page, article, anotherNodeType
- automatic validation: node.illegalAction => no corresponding permission found; back to node.
- maybe description searching, something like: Create new node => node.new.
After the new permission "thing" has been entered, the roles can be selected, optionally a description added and saved.
The saved permissions could then be displayed in a table, with the permission string, the actived roles and the description. It would allow to delete, add/remove roles or change the permission. If no description has been entered, or even additionaly, some sort of automatic description could be displayed, examples:
node.* => Administer nodes
node.edit.* => Edit all Nodes
node.*.page => Administer nodes of type page
node.edit.page.134 => Edit Node with nid 135
Of course, that's only possible for a limited and more or less hard-coded number of combinations.
Hrm.. too bad I don't have time for GSoC that summer ;)
Comment #33EmanueleQuinto CreditAttribution: EmanueleQuinto commented
Should not be better to separate explicitly "domain" and "action"? Use dot for hierarchical fine graining of the domain, slash for action and hash for conditions;
- node.136/edit
- Edit Node with nid 135
- node.page/edit
- Edit all nodes of type page
- node.page/*
- Administer all nodes of type page
- node/edit
- Edit all nodes
- node/edit#own
- Edit all own nodes
- node/*#own
- any action on own nodes
- */*
- God*
At this point user_access needs something more complex than the current isset in the $perm array test; something like
array_uintersect($string, $perm[$account->uid, "_user_access_cmp") where _user_access_cmp would perform some preg_match...
Comment #35David Latapie CreditAttribution: David Latapie commented
Hierarchical permissions is tangential with tri-state permissions (allow/inherit/disallow, made necessary by the multi-role feature).
Hope this helps.
Comment #36joachim CreditAttribution: joachim commented
One application of this would be to get something like http://drupal.org/project/node_permissions_grid into core -- this currently has to do some fiddly work with regexps in order to present node-related permissions like this:
Comment #37amc CreditAttribution: amc commented
Comment #38joachim CreditAttribution: joachim commented
How about adding more JS to the permissions page so clicking the 'administer nodes' checkbox automatically checks (and greys out) all the 'create / edit / delete' permissions?
In other words, the vertical equivalent of the authenticated user javascript.
This could be achieved fairly easily by adding a 'dependents' key to a permission's data array.
Comment #39bumblebee CreditAttribution: bumblebee commented
Maybe a single "parent" dependency will do , depending on the hierarchy, of course.
The other way round, it might be an idea to have "override" messages or visual markers to make the permission section more transparent and informative?
Comment #40lpalgarvio CreditAttribution: lpalgarvio commented
|Hierarchical Permissions System
|» Tiered and Weighted Permission & Role System V1
what about combining not tri, but quad-state permissions, WITH weighted and tiered permissions, ALONG with weighted and tiered roles?
(tier is just another name for hierarchy)
sounds confusing and uberly complex huh? i'm sure it is...
but oh well, i'm going to mix in some more things :P
* decimal-weighted permissions, because we would like increments in 0.5.
* longer-range-weighted permissions, like -99 to +99, because we like flexibility (ok, maybe not this much!)
* user one protection given with high fixed weights
* role delegation permission
* role descriptions (for 6.x, role fields for 7.x, if they can be set as entities - that way you can also add pictures);
* full node moderation queue and revision queue, on a per content type, role and user basis.
* new permissions, like user_is_blocked, imitating the user status in profile.
* treat users, roles, nodes, taxonomy, etc as entities - this way you can tie permissions to them or even create custom permissions based on Rules, Tokens or whatever APIs.
* perhaps something in those lines for Fields? of course, fields should apply to any entity, including users, roles, nodes, taxonomy, etc.
(in this sense, permissions would be like super fields that would attach to any entity, field or view - not sure though if a view will be a entity or so)
for my examples i will use the following roles:
administrator is the man in charge with all the settings, having supreme rule over the site.
designer is someone with access to theme and structure related settings, and is responsible for theming the site.
manager is the actual owner(s) of the site, the boss(es) of the company. they have full power over data and access to some configurations, but not everything, to avoid breaking the site, as most people aren't familiar with advanced settings like permissions.
moderator is someone trusted by the owner, with duties like moderating users, update stocks of products, moderate nodes, check reports and confirm orders. moderators have slightly less permissions than managers, only missing the configuration wise permissions in comparison.
publisher is in charge of creating new nodes, products, translate nodes, etc. they should not have permissions to edit nodes that don't belong (except through revisions) to them and all the content they touch remains pending review by a moderator, remaining unpublished or at latest approved revision. they can make any type of content except books.
purchasers are users who actually buy something (or an amount of something, or number of points, etc) in the site and for that, has fewer content type creation permissions, like comment, forum, poll and blog.
trusted user are users that are whitelisted and so they can make content without requiring approval. they can also make, say, the same content as purchasers.
untrusted user are users that are blacklisted, as they behave in a bad manner, like occasionally flaming, trolling or spamming, but not to the point of mandating a ban/block. this can be a probation role, with a time expiration, after which the user returns to the authenticated user pool... or not. being untrusted, they cannot make or edit comments.
blocked user has been blocked permanently (or until someone flips the switch). when used with something like Rules or Triggers/Actions, it could automatically block the user. or there could be a permission named user_is_blocked for this effect, superseding the user_block_status_or_whatever_it_called. this would effectively allow mass blocking users, through roles, while minimizing human errors and admin efforts.
authenticated user has regular access and permissions to make forum topics, comments and vote on polls.
anonymous can only view content.
weighted permissions
these would work in ranges.
say -99 to +99
or -50 to +50
or -20 to +20.
basically the idea is that if an entity has a positive value, then another entity that is being compared that has negative value, will have permission superiority over the previous entity.
this means a -25 is superior to a +30 (is bigger in drupal, although smaller in math).
tiered permissions
permissions could have a hierarchy, in which each permission has a parent and child, inheriting or not their flag.
in tiers, inheritance would work reverse.
to visualize this, take this example:
imagine the concept that a permission Administer Users, unless otherwise challenged by child permissions, is inherited by their childs.
* Administer Users (allow for admin, manager & moderator)
-----delete users (inherit admin, manager & moderator)
-----delegate users (inherit for admin & manager, disallow for moderator)
after tiers are applied, we apply weights.
* Administer Users (allow for admin -20, manager -20 & moderator -20)
-----delete users (inherit admin -20, manager -15 & moderator -10)
-----delegate users to roles (inherit for admin -20, semi-allow manager -15, disallow for moderator -10)
this means manager can delete managers and moderators, but not admins, and delegate moderators, but not admins or managers. why different for delegate? check bellow...
to organize tiers, we can make custom top-level entries, which we could call permission groups (to differentiate).
tiered roles
would work as tiered permissions, but inheriting permissions on a per role basis.
* administration
* authenticated user
----trusted user
----untrusted user
--------blocked user
again, to organize tiers, we can make custom top-level entries, which we could call role groups (to differentiate).
weighted roles
weights are applied in roles after tiers.
and now, the quad-state permissions and all that confusion about semi-allow!
quad-state permissions
quad-state permissions would be disallow, inherit and allow, as said before, but also include semi-allow.
allow - permit to entities of same or bellow (greater than or equal) the tier or weight
semi-allow - permit, but only to entities bellow (greater than) the tier or weight
inherit - inherit the permission from tier or weight bellow
disallow - negate the permission (replaces any tier or weight)
(the names could be changed to something better)
these permissions could be applied to roles, users and anything considered a entity.
like said before, permissions can be applied in tiers and in weights.
they can be applied to entities or fields.
entities can be roles, users, nodes, taxonomy, etc.
fields are cck fields, which are applied to entities.
roles have collections of permissions, sorted by weight and structured hierarchical in a tier.
permissions can be further applied to ALL ENTITIES, including roles, again sorted by weight and structured hierarchical in a tier.
weights take priority over tiers in the end.
and so do entity permissions over role permissions...
and so do field permissions over entity permissions.
example of a complex case: delete user permission
weight role permission flag
-99 root_user allow
-20 administrator: allow
+1 designer: disallow
+2 manager: allow
+3 moderator: allow
+4 publisher: inherit
+5 purchaser: inherit
+6 some_3dparty_user_trusted: allow
+6 trusted user: inherit
+7 untrusted user: inherit
+8 blocked user: inherit
+19 authenticated user: inherit
+20 anonymous: disallow
the permission system would work from bottom to top.
what happens here?
* anonymous can't delete users
* authenticated, blocked, untrusted, trusted, purchaser and publisher inherits this behavior
* some_3dparty_user_trusted user, who happens to belong to trusted users, but has this permission, can delete users from trusted role to authenticated user role.
* moderator can delete users from publisher to authenticated
* manager can delete the same users moderator can, but also moderators, as his role supersedes them
* designer can't delete any users at all, like anonymous
* administrator can delete all users from designer to authenticated user, but not the root_user.
* root_user can delete ALL users except himself.
the weight on the permission for some_3dparty_user_trusted is +6 with allow - that is why he can delete trusted users (which are +6 for the same permission). if he had semi-allow, he could only delete untrusted and bellow.
for root_user, should be a fixed/unchangeable -99 permission tied to his account, so that he can not ever be deleted.
another example: edit any page (as in node type page)
weight role permission flag
-20 root_user allow
-20 test_user allow
-20 administrator: inherit
+1 designer: semi-allow
+2 manager: inherit
+3 moderator: allow
+4 publisher: inherit
+4 some_3dparty_user_trusted: semi-allow
+5 purchaser: inherit
+6 trusted user: inherit
+7 untrusted user: inherit
+8 blocked user: inherit
+19 authenticated user: inherit
+20 anonymous: disallow
the permission system again would work from bottom to top.
and what happens here?
* anonymous can't edit pages
* authenticated, blocked, untrusted, trusted, purchaser and publisher inherits this behavior
* some_3dparty_user_trusted user, who happens to belong to trusted users, but has this permission, can edit pages belonging from purchaser role to this time anonymous role (some pages can belong to no one), but not the ones of publishers
* moderator can edit pages from publisher to anonymous
* manager can edit the same pages moderator can, but also moderators, as his role supersedes them
* designer this time can edit any pages from manager to anonymous
* administrator can edit any pages from designer to anonymous, but not those belonging to root_user.
* root_user can edit ALL pages but so can test_user. test_user can also edit root_user pages.
the weight on the permission for some_3dparty_user_trusted is +4 - that is why he can edit pages belonging to purchaser (which are +5 for the same permission), but not those of publisher, as though they have +4 like them, he has semi-allow and can't edit others on the same weight. if it was 5, he would only be able to edit the ones from trusted to anonymous.
root_user and test_users can edit everything including the ones from each other, as they share allow and -20.
but other administrators inherit the semi-allow from designer, hence they can only edit bellow their weight.
as for:
* role descriptions (for 6.x, role fields for 7.x, if they can be set as entities - that way you can also add pictures);
* full node moderation queue and revision queue, on a per content type, role and user basis.
role descriptions would be required to help admins describe the roles they make
and node queues and revisions could use the same principle of permissions
well i guess that is it.
it is highly complex and that is why i highly doubt it will be applied at all in a contrib module, much less in drupal core.
even if this idea (or other ideas in this thread) get even partially used in drupal core, 8.x ish while distant, is a long shot. a massive contrib module wouldn't be easier either.
meh, i know i'm crazy
maybe bits here and there could be used for a simpler system?
we can always have loads of roles dedicated to permissions and separate them from visible roles...
hope you enjoyed reading ;)
Comment #41lpalgarvio CreditAttribution: lpalgarvio commented
meh, btw, invest highly in UI.
like colored horizontal sliders...
meh, take a look at SMF (SimpleMachines Forum).
it has part of this sort of thing for ages.
Comment #42Crell CreditAttribution: Crell commented
|Tiered and Weighted Permission & Role System V1
|» Hierarchical Permissions System
Um. A permissions system that takes that much text to explain sounds like one that is over-engineered. I got lost part way through it. There comes a point where we need to not have a single permission system for everything but allow some systems to use some other, pluggable mechanism.
Comment #43jstoller CreditAttribution: jstoller commented
I got a little lost in #40 as well, though there are bits in there which I think sound reasonable (and have heard discussed elsewhere).
A tri-state permission system that permits both "allow" and "disallow" settings would be hugely helpful (the "semi-allow" permission suggested in #40 sounds overly complex and unnecessary to me). This was requested in #218764: Allow - Deny (ignore) - Forbid permissions.
Associating weights with roles is also a great idea (and perhaps a requirement once "disallow" is implemented). I saw a discussion of this at #228061: Usability UMN: Allow roles to be weighted.
I'm not sure if this is exactly what LPCA had in mind, but I have long wished for hierarchical roles, where being assigned to Role-A implies that you are also in Role-B. In fact, about 2.5 years ago I put in a feature request which included something along those lines (#217934: expanded user access management), but it didn't gain enough traction at the time.
Hierarchical permissions—which we're supposed to be discussing here—also sound really amazingly cool. Though the more I think about it, the harder it is to see a clear hierarchy.
Comment #44lpalgarvio CreditAttribution: lpalgarvio commented
this kind of system is always complex and hard to implement.
a good example of that would be SMF itself.
version has been in RC state for about 3 years now (2007)...
and started development around 2005
froum wikipedia SMF article:
On 8 April 2007, Simple Machines announced the introduction of their next version, SMF 2.0 [8]. SMF 2.0 has been in development alongside SMF 1.1 since December 2005.
it's version 2.0 that includes the new hierarchical system:
# Permission improvements such as group inheritance and permission profiles to further reduce the complexity of the permissions system.
it say's reduce, but it also adds complexity.
i suggest you guys install SMF 2.0-RC3 and take a look at the permissions.
you'l have to enable hierarchical permissions in the configuration to see it working.
Comment #45axel.rutz CreditAttribution: axel.rutz commented
Comment #46lpalgarvio CreditAttribution: lpalgarvio commented
Comment #47xjm CreditAttribution: xjm commented
|» Closed (duplicate)


text:
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The Written Word
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The advantages of synthetic oil for your car
If your car's owner's manual says it does, you do.
For many consumers, whether to spend extra money for synthetic oil for an oil change is a difficult question to answer.
Manufacturers of synthetic oil promise more miles and better performance when compared with conventional motor oil, but it comes at a higher cost — sometimes twice as much per oil change. Is it worth the extra money?
Typically, high-performance vehicles will be more likely to require synthetic oil, as will vehicles that have a turbocharged or supercharged engine. However, if your vehicle does not require synthetic oil, the choice is trickier – and there is no clear answer.
Synthetic oil generally resists breaking down for longer than conventional motor oil (typically 7,500 miles to 10,000 miles, sometimes up to 15,000 miles, as opposed to 3,000 miles to 7,500 miles for conventional oil). That makes the extra cost a wash, if you have half the number of oil changes, but each one costs you twice as much. Other touted benefits include cleaner engines, better flow in cold temperatures, better protection when it's hot outside and better performance with turbocharged engines.
Manual Transmissions For Repair
Manual transmissions are usually cheaper to maintain and repair than automatics because the latter are far more complex and have more parts and functions that can fail, but it may depend on your driving style.
An automatic has hundreds of mechanical, hydraulic and electronic helpers that have to work in harmony to shift gears smoothly for you. In contrast, a manual transmission is mostly mechanical gears that rely on the driver to engage the clutch and shift when needed.
The cost of replacing automatic transmission fluid generally ranges from about $100 to $200, depending on the vehicle and who is doing the work. Manual transmissions also require periodic fluid changes, but the cost tends to be about half of that.
Transmission repair costs vary widely based on the vehicle and what it needs. Repairing a leak might cost a few hundred dollars or less, but tearing apart a transmission to find the cause of problems can be much more expensive. That is why many repair shops recommend replacing a transmission instead of trying to fix internal problems — especially in the case of newer continuously variable and dual-clutch automatics, because parts are more
What do you Think About Automatic Transmission
This is a great question, but we must examine what "acting funny" means when referring to one's drivetrain before recommending a course of action. Do any of the following seem familiar to you?
When an automatic transmission seems to slip in and out of gear, or the engine revs up but the vehicle goes much slower than the engine seems to be running, it's known as slipping. Sometimes the gears reengage harshly.
This is where the whole vehicle shudders and shakes while driving, as if it's having a convulsion. It feels like you're driving over rumble strips even if you're on a smooth highway.
Neutral Drop-Out
A condition that feels similar to slipping, neutral drop-out is where the transmission drops into Neutral when the vehicle comes to a stop or while driving, typically at slower speeds. Sometimes when driving, the trans drops out of gear resulting in the engine racing up, and then either sliding — or banging — back into gear, or you step on the gas and the engine revs but the vehicle goes nowhere as if it's in Neutral.
Heavy Drivetrain Vibration
How to Beat Your Car in the Summer Heat
Regular maintenance is key to helping your car survive a hot summer. Start under the hood. Look for battery corrosion, as the heat raises the internal temperature of the battery and speeds up corrosion on the terminals. According to research by Interstate Batteries, more than 30 percent of vehicles with batteries 3 years or older experience battery failure, so get older batteries tested by a technician.
Check your vehicle's fluid levels, particularly the engine oil and coolant. You'll also want to inspect coolant hoses for wear and tear and look for leaks, which typically develop near hose clamps, the radiator and the water pump. Other levels to check include brake, transmission and power-steering fluids. Taking care of routine maintenance before a trip is a good way to avoid becoming one of the travelers this summer who will need to have their broken-down car towed for repairs, as AAA estimated 3.5 million needed in 2013.
Driving with properly inflated tires will help reduce the risk of tire blowouts and lengthen their life. An under-inflated tire generates more heat, which adds to already-hot summer temperatures and causes them to wear
How to Replace a Damaged Wheel
If it's cosmetic or superficial damage, such as from scraping a curb, the wheel is probably still round and has no bent sections or chunks of metal missing. On the other hand, if the wheel is bent, cracked or structurally weakened from hitting a massive pothole, running over a steep curb or some other mishap, it may need to be replaced, though it could possibly be repaired.
A dented wheel may not be able to maintain a seal with the tire bead, resulting in consistent slow leaks or blowouts, and will be difficult if not impossible to balance so that it doesn't vibrate at speed. A wheel with structural damage could eventually break apart. When in doubt about the severity of damage, a mechanic experienced in assessing wheel damage should inspect the entire wheel with the tire removed.
Whether to repair or replace a damaged wheel is often a judgment call, but because it involves safety issues as well as cosmetic concerns, the best course is to err on the side of safety.
Repair services that promise to restore badly damaged wheels to like-new condition might be able to remove dents and bends and make
How to Replace More Than One Tire at The Same Time
Unlike the old days, when a pair of "snow tires" would be mounted to the drive wheels only for winter use, today we recognize that a vehicle should have four matching tires: same type, same model and, yes, even same degree of wear. The reason is simple: A car with four tires that behave the same — whether accelerating, braking or cornering — is balanced and predictable. If any of these factors are different at one or more wheels, traction characteristics can vary and performance will be unbalanced.
Tread depth is measured in 32nds of an inch, and most new tires typically have 10/32 to 12/32 (5/16 to 3/8) of an inch of tread. If a car's other tires have lost only 2/32 or up to maybe 4/32 of their original tread depth, it's probably OK to replace just the damaged tire.
There can be exceptions, though. Some manufacturers of all-wheel-drive vehicles recommend that all four tires be replaced, not just one or two, because a new tire will have a larger overall diameter than the other tires. The ones that have lost just a few 32nds of tread depth will spin faster than the new
Know Causing The Smell in Your Car
If your vehicle is giving off an unusual or sickening odor instead of that new-car smell, follow your nose and find the source of the aroma. Bad smells can lead to expensive repairs or health hazards and shouldn't be ignored. Here are some common odors and their possible causes:
Musty: If turning on the air conditioner generates a musty smell, mold and/or mildew have probably formed in the air-conditioning system. Moisture naturally collects on the cold air-conditioning evaporator (a small radiator that carries refrigerant into the car's dashboard) and it may be harboring mold. Running only the fan at high speed (with the air conditioning off) can dry the evaporator.
However, that doesn't guarantee the problem won't reoccur — especially if it's being caused by a clog in the drain tube that allows water to drip out under the car. A musty smell also can be caused by carpets that get wet when water leaks into the interior.
Sweet: Antifreeze has a sweet, syrupy odor, and smelling it inside a car usually means there's a leak somewhere in the cooling system. The source may not be easy to see. For example, the leak could be
The cause of brakes squealing
If you're lucky, the squealing (or squeaking) noise that your brakes make when you first drive your car in the morning, particularly after rain or snow, is just surface rust being scraped off the rotors by the pads the first few times you apply the brake pedal, or the result of moisture and dirt that collects on the rotors, including from condensation caused by high humidity. If it goes away after a few brake applications, no worries.
If the noise persists most times or every time you apply the brakes or stays on continuously while you're driving, the cause is more serious — and the fix will be more expensive.
A continuous high-pitched squeal while you're driving is usually the sound of a built-in wear indicator telling you that it's time for new pads. As the pads wear down and get thinner, a small metal tab contacts the rotor like a needle on a vinyl record to warn you it's time for new pads. (Some wear indicators may work differently and engage only when you apply the brakes.)
Other squeals and squeaks will require a brake inspection to diagnose, and may require cleaning, lubrication or
Tire Rotation Tips
Many automakers recommend that your car's tires be rotated on the same schedule as its oil changes. In most cases, this means every 7,500 miles or six months, though some automakers have stretched the oil-change interval to 10,000 miles. Rotating your tires when you get the oil changed is good, assuming you do that at least once a year; you should do it more often if you drive, say, more than 10,000 miles annually. Unless you drive fewer than about 7,500 miles per year, you should probably rotate tires every six months or so.
The tires mounted on the drive wheels of any vehicle perform extra duty because they apply the power to the pavement. On front-wheel-drive vehicles that is amplified by the weight of the engine and transmission, and because the front tires do most of the work in turns. Rotating the tires between front and rear a couple of times a year spreads out the burden so they wear evenly. Automakers that offer all-wheel-drive cars also recommend rotating tires.
How do I know it's time to rotate my tires?
You can't tell only by looking that it's time to rotate them, so following a
Automotive Technology as a Big Tech Career
Officials with the nonprofit National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence — the independent group that tests and certifies the competence of auto technicians nationally — note that automotive service and repair has changed dramatically in just the span of a generation. High-tech systems unheard of 30 years ago are now standard equipment on much of the nation's fleet of vehicles: stability and traction control systems, adaptive cruise control and variable valve timing, just to name a few. And more changes are on the way: hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles are commonplace; hydrogen fuel cell and other alternative fuel vehicles are deployed in municipal fleets around the country; and Internet connections, voice recognition commands and GPS mapping are available in economy to luxury models.
Given the advance of technology and a richly varied automotive industry that offers an array of positions and career paths, the future is bright for talented young persons with math, science, communications and technical skills. And unlike many high-tech careers that require four, six, or even eight years of college, automotive technology careers can begin after just two years of education. As with any career, lifelong learning and continuing education is necessary, but


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He then became chief of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police.
Historically, the Puritans banned Christmas from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1659.
Characteristics of fifty-four years' government of Massachusetts Bay, under the first charter.
Massachusetts Bay is as it was when the Pilgrim Fathers first beheld it.
She was not looking at Massachusetts Bay, but at her cousin.
History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay from 1749 to 1774, p.1.
Then she stood on, through Massachusetts Bay till the long established city of Boston was reached.
It was the 12th of October when they left the shores of Massachusetts Bay.
This was what the Massachusetts Bay persecutors most dreaded.
Boston was made the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1632.


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Best Of :: Bars & Clubs
Looking for the piss-quality beer special of the night? It ain't happening at Taste of Tops, and that's completely fine by us. The casual bar and lounge, open for business since October 2009, is an incarnation of longtime fave Tops Liquors, which pretty much sells every beer ever. However, at Taste of Tops, you're not going to find Piss Lite or even Guinness and Newcastle. Instead, the bar offers an insane amount of bottled beer (more than 500 selections), so, like a vinyl nerd in a record shop, connoisseurs of fine beers can scavenge for their favorite brewski oddities and/or discover suds unknown to their palates. If you're famished, the place offers nibbles, or you can bring in takeout food from neighboring restaurants such as Thai Basil. Taste of Tops also showcases beer and wine tastings about 10 to 15 times a month, as well as hosts a monthly art opening.
So you've had a couple of drinks and someone hands you a microphone while a canned instrumental track of your favorite '80s song starts to play. You're ready to tear it up, but it's hard to feel like a rock star when you're following a bouncing dot across a TV screen. If you really want to feel like a superstar (or just a glorified drunk), get onstage at Blue Martini Lounge on a Monday night, when local cover band The Instant Classics will back you up. This solid, seven-piece band has an extensive repertoire of songs, from Lady Ga Ga and Pat Benatar to Bob Seger and Snoop Dogg. They even have a keytar player with a mohawk, so you can rock that Flock of Seagulls song. The audience at Blue Martini is generally very enthusiastic and supportive, and they'll cheer for you whether you burp into the microphone or not. And if you get up there to croon Sinatra's "My Way" and find yourself frozen with stage fright, never fear — there are three singers in The Instant Classics who'll be happy to make it sound like you're just, uh, harmonizing.
Before its unveiling in January, Revolver Lounge was hyped as one of the hottest new clubs to hit Old Town. Thanks to an air-conditioning eff-up on opening night, that literally was the case. The sheer number of tanned and toned bodies crammed inside the Western-themed Stetson Drive swanketeria caused things to get steamy. (Guess everyone had to cowboy up.) While the snafu was fixed double-quick, the place hasn't cooled off since. Formerly home to the similarly stylish SIX, it's just as in vogue as its predecessor. Conceived by owner Steve McDonald as an upscale dancehall with a Scottsdale twist (hence, antique chandeliers sharing space with posh couches), it's had packed weekends all year, hosted a SMoCA shindig in the spring, and welcomed pop star Rhianna on her 22nd birthday. Revolver's proved so popular, in fact, that Southern-style Shotgun Betty's opened up down the block mere months later. Those copycat cowboys!
There are plenty of delish cocktails we could recommend at Sens, Johnny Chu's always-fabulous Asian tapas hot spot, and we're delighted that they've finally built a bigger bar to accommodate our cravings. But if you're looking for a new twist on an old favorite, we humbly suggest the Hot and Dirty. It's got all the dirty martini basics — olive juice, vodka, ice, and a big, fat olive — but it's also got a nifty lil' addition that will blow your mind. Namely, shochu, which is ostensibly the Japanese version of vodka. At Sens, they infuse this liquor with the hottest of Thai chilis, so you get both hot and cold in every sip. If you're not a fan of hot and spicy, don't order this drink. But if you're willing to give the heat a try, just ask the bartender: He or she'll be happy to work with you by adding more vodka and less shochu. They may push the envelope at Sens, but they're not sadists.
These days, everybody wants to prettify the martini with rose petals or gold flecks or God knows what else. But what the hell is a martini except a way to convey the maximum amount of gin? And that's why we've been increasingly enjoying martinis at bars that would never dream of listing a martini as a house specialty. At an old-school watering hole like downtown's Seamus McCaffrey's, the focus may be on the Scotch, but we guarantee they'll pour you a perfect martini should you order one: icy cold, slightly dirty, and with at least three shots of gin. God bless Seamus McCaffrey.
During our probably-too-long drinking career, the bloody Mary had ranked near the bottom of our desired beverage list, hovering somewhere around a Smoker's Phlegm (Jägermeister and mayonnaise) in the gross department. That's until we hit up Carly's Bistro during its weekend brunch and ordered the eatery's version of the drink, which includes V8, vodka, balsamic vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, pickle and olive juices, various spices, horseradish, and hot sauce. And, wow, Carly's version of this hair-of-the-dog remedy actually rocks, especially when a lovely bartender by the name of Ann makes the beverage.


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Wagner Power paintermodel #315
Questions & Answers about this model powered by
garage door opener wont work
I have a a craftsman model # 139.53915d about a year old. All of a sudden it has no power. Wont do anything. No lights on control panel, door sensors, or the unit itself. Checked power at outlet and i have full 120 volts. Is there a fuse breaker or something to reset?
Posted December 19, 2012
Priscilla V, December 19, 2012
with the garage opener not working can be rather concerning. i have done some research on the manage my life website and have located a link similar to your issue. while you are waiting for a detailed reply from an expert i have attached the link below. hope this helps!
John H, December 19, 2012
thanks for contacting managemylife.com. i understand how frustrating it is having trouble with the garage door opener stopped working. we are here to help. i suspect the logic board is bad on the garage door opener. the logic board appears to have built in fuses that are not resetable. the manufacture does not sell any fuses for garage door openers. when the fuse blows on the logic board, the entire board needs to be replace. generally, when the fuse blows on a circuit board, there is a bad component on that board. the part number for the logic board is 41ab150-2. i hope this helps.
to order garage door opener parts, please visit searspartsdirect.com with the model number.
please feel free to let me know if you need further assistance. we are always here to help.
thank you for using managemylife.com.
Richard, December 20, 2012
i have just installed a craftsman 315 mhz garage door opener (3/4 hp) that i purchased at sears on december 17. everything works fine except that the trolley travels only 12 to 15 inches. i have tried adjusting the up and down travel limits with very little success. is there a defective part?
John H, December 26, 2012
richard, i sorry you are having problems with the new garage door opener. we we gladly answer your question. please submit the question with the model number, so our experts can check into this problem and answer it.


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A review of four hot issues following the Washington Redskins' 31-16 loss to the Dallas Cowboys:
It's tough to defend the clock management at the end of the first half. Redskins coach Mike Shanahan defended the way Washington handled the timeouts and play calls during that span. Shanahan knows more about coaching than I'll ever know, but in this case, there is this: The Redskins had a chance to stop the clock at Dallas' 17 with 37 seconds left. They would have had one timeout left. Conceivably, they could have run several more plays by stopping the clock at this point. They also would have been more limited to where they could throw with only one timeout, or whether they could run the ball. Still, they trailed 14-3 at the time and had a chance to gain momentum before the half. Instead, the Redskins ran three plays, including a quarterback keeper on third-and-10. They got their field goal; but they also lost a chance for more plays and perhaps more points.
Robert Griffin III regressed during the game from a passing standpoint. He completed 9-of-21 passes for only 112 yards in the second half, looking off-target on too many throws. The interception in the end zone wasn't just on him, as receiver Santana Moss slipped and fell after the ball had been thrown. Griffin was under duress often and it possibly affected his accuracy. Regardless, Griffin's passer rating got worse with each quarter, starting with a 111.5 rating in the first and finishing with a 25.0 in the fourth. He ran well; it wasn't nearly enough.
Washington's defense played its best game of the season, bothering quarterback Tony Romo enough to hurt his accuracy. Corner DeAngelo Hall did a terrific job on receiver Dez Bryant and, after a bad first series, the defense did a better job tackling. For the third straight game, they also stopped the run. For the first time this season, they did not allow a play of more than 20 yards. After a horrific start, the defense can feel better about themselves entering the Chicago game.
Bad calls occur every game. But the Redskins lost a chance to gain early momentum when the officials ruled that B.W. Webb was a passive player when he was blocked into the ball on a Washington punt. That meant it was not a fumble. But former vice president of officiating Mike Pereira told WFJK-FM's Grant Paulsen that he would have ruled it a fumble because Webb was an active blocker, extending his arms to block Washington's Jerome Murphy. The Redskins would have had the ball at the Cowboys' 24 trailing by a touchdown. They did force a punt and drove for a field goal. But they lost a chance at more points.


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"Game changer" is a term you hear often when people talk about how technology has changed their industry.
Dell agreed to pay $4 million in restitution, penalties and costs to resolve charges of "fraudulent and deceptive business practices that scammed consumers across New York State," according to a statement from New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo's office, which originally filed a lawsuit against the PC manufacturer in 2007.

 The charges centered on the way the company advertised cheap financing and warranties. The state attorney general said the Texas-based company engaged in a "classic bait-and-switch scheme" offering attractive "no-interest" and "no-payment" financing promotions. Cuomo's office said even consumers with solid credit scores were denied those deals and instead offered financing at high rates that often exceeded 20 percent. Cuomo's office also alleged that the company regularly failed to provide support services customers had paid for, leaving them with worthless warranties.

 Dell denied the charges, but last year the New York Supreme Court sustained Cuomo's allegations, leading to the settlement, announced Sept. 15.

 "Today's announcement is the final step in ensuring New Yorkers harmed by Dell's deceptive and illegal business practices are fully compensated," Attorney General Cuomo said in a statement. "Going forward, this deal means that Dell will have to clearly and fully disclose the terms and conditions of their products and services, to avoid this kind of fraud at the consumer's expense. My office is committed to ensuring a fair and honest marketplace across New York by rooting out these unlawful practices, and we encourage anyone who was ripped off by Dell to come forward and file a claim to get their money back."

 Along with the $4 million, the settlement also requires Dell to make "sweeping changes to its advertising, sales and financing practices." Among other things, Dell will be required to advise consumers, before they purchase an "at home" or "on-site" service contract, that they may be required to engage in diagnostic activity over the telephone that includes consumers themselves opening their computers to access internal components. The settlement also requires Dell to disclose in its advertisements for promotional financing the estimated percentage of consumers who will actually qualify for the promotion.

 A Dell spokesman said the company cooperated with Cuomo's office to address their concerns. "The case was based on a small number of complaints representing a very small percentage of the millions of Dell transactions in New York during the period [back to 2004]," Jess Blackburn, a Dell representative, said in a statement. "Dell had previously resolved many of these issues directly with affected customers before this settlement and, in fact, before the original lawsuit was filed."

 — Nielsen Business Media


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KAUNAS (Nov. 3)
It was ascertained today that the offices of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Warsaw functioned until the German occupation, when the organization's operations were declared illegal. Isaac Giterman, director of the office, left Warsaw on Sept. 7 to prepare for the evacuation of the headquarters to Lublin and was isolated by the German advance. Mr. Guzik and I. Neustadt, J.D.C. representatives, remained working in Warsaw, but Neustadt was injured in a bombardment and is now in a hospital.
(The correspondent of the Jewish Daily Forward in Kaunas, M. Orzech, reported that the J.D.C. office in Warsaw had been closed and its funds confiscated.)


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Today, as an introduction to the history of China, I asked my APA World History class to write a 500 word essay on a historical Chinese person. Out of a class of 18, five of them were about Mulan. FML
Today, I was caught "experimenting" with my friend at his house. His parents called mine, and my dad came to drive me home. On the way back, he tried to cheer me up by saying, "Son, don't be ashamed. When I was your age, I sucked a few dicks myself." Thanks for the info, Dad. FML
Today, I finally got to conduct my first questioning of a suspect, who had been arrested in connection with a car theft. As I recited the Miranda warning to him, my mind went totally blank, and after a few seconds, he sarcastically continued the speech for me. FML
Today, I went to a urinal next to an elderly gentleman. As I was doing my business, he zips up and begins to leave. On his way out, he leans over my shoulder and whispers in my ear, "That's nice". FML


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|From: Jacob Matthews (jacobm at cs.uchicago.edu)
Date: Tue Dec 2 12:50:04 EST 2003
Fixed. Grumble grumble stupid html auto-generators grumble grumble ... David A. Herman wrote: > That's neat! BTW, the second screenshot on the web page isn't showing > up for me. > > Dave
|Posted on the users mailing list.


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