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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
Recent years have shown the importance of tunable semiconductor lasers in optical sensing. We describe the status quo concerning DFB laser diodes between 760 nm and 3,000 nm as well as new developments aiming for up to 80 nm tuning range in this spectral region. Furthermore we report on QCL between 3 μm and 16 μm and present new developments. An overview of the most interesting applications using such devices is given at the end of this paper.
In recent years the importance of lasers in optical sensing has been continuously increasing [
Wherever rapid measurement, cost effective monitoring or miniaturization of devices is crucial, the outstanding characteristics of tunable semiconductor lasers show their advantages. In modern environmental analysis these aspects play an important role, hence tunable semiconductor lasers are the workhorse for such applications. Since simple Fabry-Pérot (FP) laserdiodes (LD) show poor tuning behavior and no monomode spectrum, they are not suited for high resolution applications. Such FP LD in an external cavity [
The key element for monomode emission and the tuning characteristics is the DFB-grating. Through a special technology, based on lateral metal Bragg gratings incorporated in the laser structure, it is nowadays possible to fabricate monomode emitting semiconductor lasers on any III/V-based material, leading to a broad accessible wavelength range from 760 nm up to 3 μm. In this part of the spectrum many industrial and environmental gas species exhibit strong absorption features [
Such devices have been used for many years in products for industrial applications, e.g., in such diverse and complicated cases as the detection of alkali atoms in combustion plants [
As there have been many good review papers about spectroscopy in the past [
There are various ways to realize monomode semiconductor devices, e.g., distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) [
The lasers presented in this paper are realized as ridge waveguide structures with a width of 2–10 μm. The feedback grating consists of Cr and is defined laterally to the ridge (see
This metallic grating structure results in complex coupling without the need for any overgrowth steps. Since the standard fabrication for DFB lasers requires at least two growth steps, the presented process simplifies the realization of the lasers and reduces defect sources. The biggest advantage of complex coupled lasers over conventional index coupled devices however is the absence of a stopband in the optical spectrum, thus allowing to directly select the Bragg-mode. Furthermore, complex coupled devices benefit from higher mode stability [
This is compensated by the large imaginary part of the refractive index of the grating metal. The additional losses introduced by the Cr grating lead to only a slight penalty in threshold current and output efficiency [
The presented DFB concept of lateral Cr gratings leading to complex coupling is also a very viable way to realize high quality widely tunable lasers for a large field of different applications. The most convenient way to incorporate the desired multitude of DFB wavelength channels into one device is the concept of binary superimposed gratings (BSG), which were first proposed by Avrutsky
A simultaneous tuning of the segment currents results in continuous tuning of the selected wavelength. The continuous tuning range is generally limited to a few nanometers. However, the capability of continuously shifting the wavelength is most important for sensing applications, since it allows for precise scanning of molecule absorption lines.
To improve the selectivity of each mode even further, four segment lasers can be realized (see
Thus widely tunable DFB BSG devices are suited excellently for multi component gas analysis since they cover a wide wavelength range which usually contains several absorption lines of the gases of interest. Therefore only one tunable device may replace several conventional DFB lasers, resulting in significantly reduced costs and compact assembly components.
Due to their improved properties in respect to conventional tunable DBR lasers [
The fundamental rotational-vibrational molecular absorption bands of most relevant smaller molecules are located in the MIR (wavelength range from 3 to 24 μm) [
Before the first demonstration of QCL in 1994 [
The coverage of such a wide spectral region with a single laser type is possible because the stimulated emission in QCL relies on intersubband transitions in heterostructures within the conduction band. Therefore the energy separation of the upper and lower laser level can be tailored to achieve lasing at a designated wavelength [
QCL DFB gratings are most often implemented as either buried gratings [
The temperature tuning rate of DFB QCL in the MIR depends on the emission wavelength and lies in the range of 0.05 to 0.18 cm−1/K. This yields about 4 to 13 cm−1 total tuning range on a standard Peltier cooler. Because the spectral gain region can be tailored to be a lot wider (up to 430 cm−1 [
Users of DFB QCL in gas spectroscopy typically operate pulsed QCL either in intra- or inter-pulse tuning mode to scan across the absorption line of interest. The former method relies on spectral tuning of the DFB mode within a long pulse (usually a few 100 ns) as a result of the current induced temperature rise in the waveguide during a single pulse (see
Especially inter-pulse tuning introduces a high heat load into the chip, which needs to be dissipated before the next ramp-cycle to get the maximum tuning range. The more efficiently heat can be dissipated, the higher repetition rates for laser pulses and ramp-cycles can be chosen in order to gain higher average output power and therefore greater signal strength.
The wavelength range from 3–4 μm is particularly interesting for several sensing applications, such as the detection of hydrocarbons. As shown in the preceding sections, several well established types of laser sources approach this wavelength range from both ends. However, decreasing hole confinement and increasing Auger recombination in GaSb-based type I interband diodes limit their usability towards higher wavelengths. Intersubband QCL on the other hand approach the mentioned wavelength range from above but suffers from fast phonon scattering losses. Due to these issues, there is a need for a more efficient laser source in the 3–4 μm regime.
The discussed issues can be circumvented by using interband cascade lasers (ICL) [
Continuous wave operation above room temperature as well as monomode lasing have been observed in ICLs [
Diode laser based sensing nowadays is a well-established technique with a wide variety of applications in many different branches of industry and science. Because the emission linewidth of complex coupled DFB LD is typically well below 3 MHz, even the fine structures of absorption features—typically exhibiting linewidths of a few GHz—can be resolved, enabling a clear distinction of different gas features or even isotopes during one measurement cycle. Some key applications are presented in the following sections.
Process control has evolved as one of the most important fields of application for LD based gas sensing. One interesting sub-category thereof is combustion control. By monitoring the concentrations of gases generated during combustion processes, such as CO, CO2, O2, NH3, NOx and SO4, precise information about the conditions inside the combustion chamber can be obtained. This information allows for a very efficient adjustment of the process conditions resulting in less pollutant emission and higher process efficiency. Usually such measurements are performed at some distance to the burning chamber, e.g., inside a chimney or an exhaust pipe. Consequently there is a time offset depending on how long the gases need from the burning chamber to the measurement setup.
Diode laser based gas sensing however can be employed directly in the combustion chamber, hence enabling zero-offset measurements resulting in very fast and efficient process adjustment. Furthermore the gas measurement itself is very fast and selective due to the monomode emission of the DFB laser diodes [
Another example that should be mentioned is plasma control. DFB LD and DFB QCL have been shown to be very useful for the in-situ monitoring of industrial etch processes [
Since standard fire detectors are point type detectors, they are not applicable inside buildings with very high ceilings or of generally large dimensions. Usually for such environments linear beam detectors are chosen. A light beam is transmitted through the relevant area and a drop in detected power indicates beam obscuration by smoke. Such systems however are also sensitive to fog, dust, small wall movements,
DFB laser based fire detection however bypasses these issues since it is possible to precisely monitor the concentrations of typical fire gases such as CO, CH4 and C2H4 [
The compactness and robustness of DFB laser based sensing systems enables their uses even in harsh environments such as outer space. The capacity of TDLS to provide unambiguous information about occurrence and amount of target species and even selected isotope ratios places them in an ideal position to supplement more conventional measurement techniques such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry [
The petrochemical industry has a high demand for reliable analyzers enabling fast and accurate measurements of various chemical compounds in order to secure the high purity levels necessary to guarantee perfect performance. Concentrations of molecules such as H2O, H2S, CO2 and C2H2 have to be monitored closely and most notably with as little time offset as possible.
TDLS enables very fast measurement cycles (<1 s) and offers very high measurement resolutions inherent to the system. Furthermore TDLS-based sensor systems require only negligible maintenance and do not need any consumables, so operating costs are very low [
Measuring the glucose level is crucial for patients suffering from diabetes. Nowadays the standard measurement procedures require a small blood drop usually drawn by pricking a finger tip each time the glucose level has to be checked, usually up to six times a day. A non-invasive alternative has been developed making use of multiple laser diodes emitting at different wavelengths [
Another major medical application of DFB laser diodes is their use for non-invasive breath tests. The best-known diagnostic test based on this measurement technique is the 13C-Urea Breath Test (UBT) used to detect
A technique which is ideally suited for this purpose is photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) [
DFB lasers offer several advantages over gas lasers often used in PAS measurements. First of all, diode lasers can be modulated directly via the injection current without the use of mechanical choppers, therefore avoiding coherent noise caused by the rotating blade. Furthermore, the frequency shift caused by a current modulation of ±1% is around ±1 GHz, relatively small in comparison with the absorption bandwidth of solids therefore eliminating window signals often deteriorating sensitivity when using a gas laser [
As mentioned above, the narrow spectral linewidth of complex coupled DFB lasers enables to resolve different gas isotopes. In the case of UBT measurements, this is taken advantage of in order to discriminate between 13CO2 and 12CO2.
Since the level of exhaled nitric oxide is an important indicator for various respiratory diseases, NO is another breath gas often associated with laser based measuring. Due to its strong absorption features in the mid-infrared region above 5 μm, several NO measurement techniques have been developed using DFB QCL devices [
Tunable DFB lasers are a key feature in a wide variety of different applications ranging from process control to medical diagnostics. Moreover, many of the concepts shown here have left the prototype stage behind and are already implemented in various high impact applications. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of areas where product development has just started, promising many interesting new applications to appear in the next few years. In particular, widely tunable monolithic DFB lasers enabling reduced costs and smaller measurement systems as well as the commercialization of DFB Interband Cascade Lasers are subjects of current development efforts, which will be published in the near future.
We would like to thank the many partners—named and not named here—we have been working with for many years in a highly trustful and effective way. Especially we would like to thank the BMBF for long years of cooperation and financial support as well as Sven Glitsch of INP Greifswald for providing the measurement data presented in
Absorption features of different gases in the 760–3,000 nm wavelength range.
SEM micrograph of a ridge waveguide structure with lateral Cr grating.
Examples of monomode spectra of laterally coupled DFB lasers with Cr gratings emitting at different wavelengths.
Mode combs of two coupled BSG segments. Lasing wavelength channels can be selected by current tuning of the mode combs and changing the position of maximum overlap.
Superimposed emission spectra of BSG LD showing a discrete tuning range of more than 80 nm (left-hand) and a 0.5 nm grid covering 13 nm (right-hand).
Four segment BSG device. The grating segments allow for wide monomode tunability. The segments without grating allow for current controlled phases.
SEM micrograph of the facet of a double channel ridge waveguide with DFB top grating and 5 μm thick electroplated gold.
Intra-pulse tuning of a DFB QCL emitting at 11.43 μm driven with 250 ns pulses at room temperature. The black line shows the raw pulse shape. A measurement using an etalon (green line) with a free spectral region (FSR) of 0.049 cm−1 indicates a chirp-rate of 0.382 cm−1 /100 ns. An absorption experiment (red line) allows for precise determination of the wavelength axis using well known absorption lines of C2H4.
Tuning range, output power and average current at various pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) of two double channel DFB QCL (15 μm ridge width, 2 mm length) at 11.43 μm. They are driven in inter-pulse tuning mode with a pulse length of 8 ns, a cycle frequency of PRF/1000, and ramp duty-cycles of 94.1% (device A) and 99.8% (device B). The heat sink temperature was 10 °C for device A and 23 °C for device B to yield the same spectral position of the DFB laser mode.
Absorption spectrum for gases generated by smoldering wood respectively brown coal fires [
Emission spectrum of a DFB laser diode emitting around 2,043 nm wavelength. The SMSR of the device is >48 dB.
Photoacoustic spectra of CO2 in natural abundance (blue line) and with −0.04% enriched 13CO2 (red line) [


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The Latest News On The API Economy
Searching: No Search Term , Filtered By API: "Stage of Life Coupon"
Today in APIs: Google Maps JavaScript v2 Shutdown Delay, Stage of Life Reaches Milestone, and 5 New APIs
Google is forced to push back the shutdown of Version 2 of the Google Maps JavaScript API. The Stage of Life Coupon API reaches a milestone. Plus: GreenButton releases a REST API and 5 new APIs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hello - I've been using Auditor for, well, a long time. Glad to see it was revitalized, thanks! A feature I'd like to request is the ability to filter funds on a realm between Alliance/Horde characters.
I ended up putting some Horde toons on the same server as some Alliance toons. While I can ignore certain characters - that's global for all characters, so I can't ignore the Horde toons while logged in my Alliance characters and then be able to see meaningful coinage when I log into my Horde characters.


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grogram was an old butler who had been in the old Earl's service for thirty years.
Time had stiffened, not softened, both her grogram and her prejudices.
He stood opposite to Amy for some moments, then said, with a smile, 'I was wrong about the grogram.
I believe Mr. Harris in Spittlefields (of whom I had the last) will let you have the grogram as good and cheap as anybody.
There must be the church, and all that; and for the rest, Amy, I don't think I shall find out whether you wear lace or grogram.'
In truth, he thought she looked very pretty in it, better than in grogram or in linsey-woolsey, although at double the cost.
"We can prove by grogram that she was told that another wife was living," said Sir William.


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By Jane R. Elgass
Implementation of the Statement on Student Rights and Responsibilities is on hold for the time being after several Regents raised concerns in a number of areas.
A draft version---revised from version 12.2 that was published in the Oct. 19 Record---was presented to the Regents for their information at last week's meeting at U-M-Flint. They were not asked to act on the item.
Vice President for Student Affairs Maureen M. Hartford had asked that President James J. Duderstadt implement the statement under powers afforded him by Regents' Bylaw 2.01. The Bylaw satates that the president "shall exercise such general powers not inconsistent with the applicable laws of the state of Michigan and these Bylaws as are inherent in a chief executive; including, without limitation, ... the maintenance of health, diligence, and order among the students."
Regents Neal D. Nielsen, Deane Baker and Veronica Latta Smith vigorously opposed implementation of the statement for a number of reasons, with both Smith and Nielsen saying they had not had enough time to thoroughly review the document. It was faxed to them the evening prior to the meeting.
Nielsen also said that the Flint campus was not the appropriate place for discussion of the statement. "It is somewhat surreptitious to bring this up at Flint. The students in Ann Arbor should have an opportunity to discuss this. We have no business doing this in Flint."
Nielsen and Smith both objected to the idea of having Duderstadt implement the policy. "It is ridiculous to tell the president to do it today, especially having gotten it last night. This is a Board matter and we have a responsibility to address it. The President has no right to adopt this under 2.01," Nielsen said.
Smith said she "found the whole thing a little daunting," and charged that the University was inviting lawsuits by applying procedures to incidents that happen off campus.
Baker, who said he "strongly opposes a code for any reasons except those required by law," called the statement "Orwellian" and said it could be expanded to control virtually every aspect [of students' lives]" and would become "a tool for behavior modification."
He also asked for "full discussion by the University community" and said any action must be taken by the Regents, not the president.
Among his concerns:
---No provision is made for representation of the accused by an attorney.
---Off-campus actions cited in the statement already are covered by city and state statutes.
---The judicial adviser may call on a number of organizations on campus, but none of the religious organizations are included in the list.
---The University is placed in the judicial role of trying murder cases.
---The statement is highly selective in the crimes it lists and doesn't include others that are in state statutes.
Baker also said that it is impossible to define expectations we have of students because "it is impossible to define the University's values except generally and to reconcile those of the students' family values with those of the University."
He said that a portion of the statement that says it is appropriate for the University to ask a student to change behavior "comes out of Orwell."
Regents Paul W. Brown, Philip H. Power and Nellie M. Varner called for implementation of the statement on an interim basis to test it out.
"This issue has come before the Board and campus for many years," Varner noted, "and this one represents more input and agreement that some code is needed, some statement of responsibilities. We should implement it on an interim basis and then we can refine it, see where the problems are and work them out."
Brown noted that although the Regents didn't hold hearings on the statement, there was ample opportunity for student input. "We'll never be able to get a code that satisfies everyone. We are mandated to have some parts in place. We have no choice but to have a process in place. It may not be perfect and [Regent Baker] raises some good objections.
"It is almost impossible for anyone to write a code that's crystal clear on every point. The easiest way to define it is to use it. We have to use our best judgment and go ahead, We must do the best we can and hope that reasonable minds will apply [it] reasonably."
Power also called for implementation of the statement, noting that it would "give a reality test to an otherwise theoretical document. The Regents' questions are appropriate. We'll learn how to perfect it if we have a code. There's no other way to do it."
Regent Shirley M. McFee also expressed concern about the availability of legal counsel, questioned the situations under which actions can be taken on off-campus incidents and asked for a clearer explanation of the timing and the University's role in cases that have pending criminal action in the public courts.
Duderstadt noted at the close of the meeting that "important issues were raised and that the statement is organic and evolutionary in its development. The Board has raised a number of good questions and we'll respond. I still have the authority to enact [the statement] but I don't intend to use [that authority] until the details and questions have been resolved."
Hartford told the Record last Friday that she "appreciates the input provided by the Regents. We will work with the Regents to modify the statement to make certain their concerns are addressed."


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Abu Sayyaf gunmen kill 21 Filipinos in road attack
Published 6:25 pm, Monday, July 28, 2014
MANILA -- - Abu Sayyaf gunmen attacked Filipino civilians traveling to celebrate the end of Ramadan with their families on Monday, killing 21, including at least six children, in a brazen road attack that was the bloodiest in recent years by the violent militant group, police and military officials said.
Eleven other civilians were wounded as the group traveled in two vans in a coastal village in Talipao town in predominantly Muslim Sulu province, where the militants have survived in jungle camps despite years of U.S.-backed Philippine military offensives.
About 40 to 50 Abu Sayyaf militants armed with assault rifles opened fire on the vans, marine Brig. Gen. Martin Pinto and other military officials said. The motive was not immediately clear, but Pinto said some of the dead belonged to a civilian security force and were engaged in a clan feud with the Abu Sayyaf.
Violent clan wars, known as rido, have complicated security worries in the country's south, which is already mired in decades-long Muslim rebellions.
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Officials said they were pursuing the militants after the attack, but there was no word if any of them had been killed or captured.
Among those killed in the attack were at least four members of a Talipao civilian security force called Barangay Police Action Team, Pinto said.
The Abu Sayyaf calls for an autonomous region for minority Muslims in the south of the largely Catholic country.


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U.S. Sen. David Vitter today offered the following amendments to the Senate's health care reconciliation bill.
The first of several amendments offered by Vitter would provide for comprehensive prescription drug reform and allow for the reimportation of prescription medicines.
"If we are truly serious about health care reform, then one of our primary goals should be putting affordable drugs within the reach of ordinary Americans," said Vitter. "It's no coincidence that the pharmaceutical industry spent millions to help pass Obamacare yet reimportation language is nowhere in this bill."
Vitter also offered legislation that would expand access to mobile mammography services.
"My amendment would help provide on-site mammograms to women in both urban and rural areas that may not currently receive screenings and preventive care," said Vitter. "This would give thousands more women a fighting chance to combat this terrible disease through early detection."
Additionally, Vitter offered an amendment that would create a stronger verification process to ensure that illegal immigrants do not receive taxpayer-funded health care. While the current bill only requires a valid Social Security to apply for health care benefits and subsides, Vitter's amendment would require a government-issued photo ID, a date of birth and a Social Security number before granting taxpayer-funded health care to individuals.
Vitter also introduced an amendment that would take away special health care privileges for members of Congress granted in the newly-signed health care law. Specifically, members would be prohibited from access to the Attending Physician or military and VA hospitals (except in case of an emergency) and would have to wait and schedule appointments like every other American.
The final amendment offered by Vitter to the reconciliation bill would repeal the law that provides automatic pay raises for members of Congress. Vitter was successful in forcing the passage of a standalone bill on this pay raise issue through the Senate last year. It is currently languishing with no action in the House of Representatives.
Source: http://www.vitter.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=976ac8b5-d767-7da7-bb60-57b243b3e767&Region_id=&Issue_id=


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Matthew McConaughey's Family Outing
Matthew McConaughey hit the beach yesterday in Malibu with his girlfriend, Camila Alves and son, Levi. The beach guru has been spotted quite frequently working out on the sand and playing with his mutts.
Matthew hit the waves for some surfing action, while Camila kept Levi company. Check out the brood's big day out on the beach!


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Here's a challenge for the open source community: Figure out how to get DRM (digital rights management) working, and working well.
Oh, I can just hear the protests now. Heresy, you say? And you, in the back -- "Information wants to be free"? Is that what I'm hearing?
Well, so what? Children want to stay up until midnight, eating candy.
Free exchange of information is a noble ideal, and it's certainly in keeping with the core principles of open source. But any sensible person should know that there's plenty of information out there that, although it may want to be free, definitely shouldn't be.
Clouding the issue is the fact that most of the ado about DRM has centered on digital media. The recording and motion picture industries are edging closer to the idea of offering their wares to consumers in network-distributed file formats, but they're terrified. Distributing files without copy protection, they figure, will only add fuel to the p-to-p fire that's already raging across the Internet. To them, it's DRM or nothing.
That idea has a lot of consumers up in arms because of what it will mean for them. Yesterday, they could walk into a music store, buy a CD, and have a physical object that they could keep. They could make a backup of it, loan it to a friend, or donate it to a library. In the DRM-enabled future, however, they won't own anything. All they'll get when they download a DRM-protected song is a license to play the media -- a license that could potentially be revoked in a month, a year, or whenever their subscription runs out.
To these consumers, DRM is a scourge. It takes away consumer rights, they say, for the sake of bolstering a flawed business model that doesn't reflect the realities of the digital age. And maybe they're right. But to that I say: Don't hate the player, hate the game. Or, put another way: Deride the business model, but don't discount the technology.
Leaving aside the digital-music issue, every business, and indeed every consumer, has information they want protected. Trade secrets are the obvious example. But closer to home, think of your employee records, your personal health care history, or the estimated 40 million credit card numbers that were exposed in the CardSystems Solutions security breach in June.
The thing about these kinds of records is that, in fact, they need to be shared, albeit in a controlled way. Your insurance information should be available to some parties, for example, but not to others. You don't want to give it out willy-nilly. You want to license it. All that's missing is a software infrastructure that would let you do that in a way that's explicit, granular, and secure. DRM would provide such an infrastructure.
Meanwhile, a few very powerful corporations are narrowly fixated on controlling DRM to corner the market for access controls on digital media. That's probably bad for consumers, but more importantly, it's bad for DRM.
This is an ideal opportunity for the open source community to step in. If we could only put aside our righteous indignation, we could start working toward a DRM technology that will benefit all of us. We've been so caught up in thinking of DRM as a tool for evil that we haven't begun to consider all the ways it could be used for good, in the right hands. Our hands, for example.


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By Diane Daniels
Sixty-three horses are set and ready to hit the track as Truro Raceway prepares to launch the 140th season of harness racing action with a nine-dash card in Bible Hill Sunday afternoon.
Post time is 1:30 p.m. with a qualifying session set for noon.
Fans will be pleasantly surprised to see changes in the Douglas Grandstand. The facility has fresh paint and new furniture, with a plan for more renovations and innovative décor to come.
Grandstand concessions are currently under new management and will be operated by the raceway. As part of a welcome to the 2014 season for both new and regular clientele, coffee and tea will be offered complimentary to all race fans.
With the upgrades and improvements, there will be a brief delay in the re-opening of the popular Turf Room Restaurant. However, the mezzanine canteen, Trackside Lounge and upstairs bar will be open and will also offer complimentary tea and coffee.
Joe Kelly, "the voice" of Truro Raceway, will be returning this weekend from a brief hiatus to his familiar post at the top of the grandstand, providing race calls.
New trainer Kyle Gillis and first time horse owner Penny Wesley will be programmed in their new roles in Sundays race card.
Kyle Gillis, 17, the son of Kevin and Julie Gillis, has been involved with the horses basically his entire life, not only on the backstretch but also as a photographer and part-time race announcer. Penny, longtime harness racing enthusiast as a fan and groom, is looking forward to experiencing the game from the unique perspective of an owner.
Kathy Clark and Ed Harvey are in the process of moving their stable onto the track for the 2014 meet. Connections Chris Covin and Steve Morton have expanded and revamped their camps with fresh stock, which will be carded on tomorrow's program.
Clarence Farm Services Ltd. is on board with sponsorship of the Hot Horse and Cool Driver awards. Gift certificates will be presented trackside to winners of each category upon the completion of the tabulation of the monthly stats.
Simulcast programming continues throughout the week with Truro offering products on Mondays, as well as Thursday through and including Sundays. Today, the show starts at 1:30 p.m. with Freehold harness racing and continues throughout the afternoon and evening with a full compliment of both harness and thoroughbred events, including Woodbine, Pimilico, Aqueduct, Gulfstream, Flamboro and Meadowlands. A detailed schedule along with Raceway updates is available on the raceway website www.truroraceway.ca.
Diane Daniels is race office supervisor at Truro Raceway. Her column appears weekly in the Truro Daily News throughout the harness racing season.


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Clarifoam EF foam
Generic Name: sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur (SO-dee-um SUL-fa-SEET-a-mide/SUL-fur)
Brand Name: Clarifoam EF
Clarifoam EF foam is used for:
Treating acne, rosacea, and seborrhea. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Clarifoam EF foam is an antibacterial and keratolytic combination. The antibacterial works by killing sensitive bacteria. The keratolytic helps to loosen and shed hard, scaly skin.
Do NOT use Clarifoam EF foam if:
- you are allergic to any ingredient in Clarifoam EF foam or to sulfonamides (eg, sulfamethoxazole)
- you have kidney problems
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Clarifoam EF foam:
Some medical conditions may interact with Clarifoam EF foam. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
- if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
- if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
- if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
- if you have eczema
- if the skin at the application site is scraped, cut, or damaged
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Clarifoam EF foam. Because little, if any, of Clarifoam EF foam is absorbed into the blood, the risk of it interacting with another medicine is low.
Ask your health care provider if Clarifoam EF foam may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Clarifoam EF foam:
Use Clarifoam EF foam as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Before the first use of a new container, you will need to prime the container. Hold the can upright and point it away from yourself and others. Press the spray button down for 3 to 5 seconds or until foam begins to appear.
- Wash the affected skin and gently pat dry with a clean towel before each use of Clarifoam EF foam.
- Shake well before each use.
- Hold the container upright. Dispense a small amount of the medicine onto your fingertips. Gently massage the foam into the affected area.
- If your doctor has told you to leave Clarifoam EF foam on, be sure to wipe off any excess medicine after you apply it.
- If your doctor has told you to wash Clarifoam EF foam off, wait 10 minutes after you apply it, then rinse with water and pat dry.
- Wash your hands immediately after using Clarifoam EF foam, unless your hands are part of the affected area.
- Use Clarifoam EF foam on a regular schedule to get the most benefit from it.
- Continue to use Clarifoam EF foam even if your condition improves. Do not miss any doses
- If you miss a dose of Clarifoam EF foam, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clarifoam EF foam.
Important safety information:
- Clarifoam EF foam is for external use only. Do not get it in your eyes or on the inside of your nose or mouth. If you get Clarifoam EF foam in any of these areas, rinse them immediately with cool water.
- Talk with your doctor before you use any other medicines or cleansers on your skin.
- Do not apply Clarifoam EF foam over large areas of the body or to open wounds or scraped, infected, or burned skin without first checking with your doctor.
- Do not use Clarifoam EF foam for other skin conditions at a later time.
- Clarifoam EF foam may be harmful if swallowed. If you may have taken it by mouth, contact your poison control center or emergency room right away.
- Clarifoam EF foam should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 12 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.
- PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: It is not known if Clarifoam EF foam can cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Clarifoam EF foam while you are pregnant. It is not known if this medicine is found in breast milk after topical use. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Clarifoam EF foam, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of Clarifoam EF foam:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Mild redness or peeling of the skin.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); fever, chills, or sore throat; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; severe or persistent skin irritation; unusual tiredness or weakness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Clarifoam EF foam may be harmful if swallowed. Symptoms of ingestion may include change in the amount of urine; nausea; vomiting.Proper storage of Clarifoam EF foam:
Store Clarifoam EF foam at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Do not freeze. Avoid temperatures above 120 degrees F (49 degrees C). Store away from heat and direct sunlight. Do not puncture, break, or burn the canister even if it appears to be empty. Keep Clarifoam EF foam out of the reach of children and away from pets.
General information:
- If you have any questions about Clarifoam EF foam, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
- Clarifoam EF foam is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
- If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
- Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take Clarifoam EF foam or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about Clarifoam EF foam. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to Clarifoam EF foam. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using Clarifoam EF foam.
Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.
More about Clarifoam EF (sulfacetamide sodium / sulfur topical)
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Google Thinks Every Rockstar is an Overrated Douche
Over the weekend, the Twitter account @Amazing_Maps shared a photo of Google autocompletes for every state. They gave us the first response you get when you Google "Why is [state] so..."
Google's responses made everybody sad about their state and/or laugh at other states.
Then, the sports website Outkick The Coverage applied a similar test to sports media figures. Google doesn't seem to like any of them.
So, we decided to apply the same idea to musicians. We considered just using bands. But, because of song lyrics, that can get confusing. For example, when you Google "Foo Fighters is," the first response is "someone getting the best of you lyrics."
It turns out that just about every musician is either overrated, a douche, or both. At least that's the way Google sees it.
We tried it with a variety of rock musicians. We threw in Jennifer Lawrence, because she's just so universally admired...or so we thought. Also, quick word to the wise. Don't Google "Adolf Hitler is" if you want to have any faith in humanity.
Think of your favorite musician (or celebrity) and Google "[favorite musican] is" and share your results.


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Spell and then define conservative
Clyde Bunt's (Feb. 11) letter was so far out ... our coffee group got exercise laughing. Quote: "I will defend my country," never talking military service. If you served, great. If you legally dodged, by college, etc., some of your sentences are dishonoring veterans.
Schools teach separation of church and state because of easier comprehensibility. Your phrase means 100 percent identical. It's amazing how some fit comic books into government text.
Jewish faith under the bus, obnoxious. Peace was there. Israel keeps stealing Palestinian land. Suppose you're from Arizona, Mexico takes your land making you Mexican. Love it?
When churches outside religious boundaries, government steps in. Gambling and medicine are government's field. Calling Obama dictatorial is "un-American," nobody's messing with the constitution except you. Republicans turned conservative into sin.
"C"atering to wealthy, Republicans. Quote: "Don't raise wealth's taxes."
"O"nly use abortion election-wise. Quote: "Bush says "abortion's a better option with today's society."
"N"ot helping poor. Quote Romney: "There's plenty programs for poor."
"S"end jobs overseas, Quote Nixon : "Companies need that cheap labor."
"E"vading danger of shale oil, recent Republican newspaper article lied. Hundreds of Ohio waterwells poisoned and some earthquakes.
"R"otating blame, Bush's two wars and overseas jobs dumped on Obama is mostly the debt.
"V"aguely informing citizens, New York newspaper. Quote: "Republicans want the pipeline to Texas instead of northern states so they can export more oil via the gulf."
"A"void fairness, corporations run America economy-wise, we thrive on bribery.
"T"hink wealthy only, tea party. Quote: "We don't care if Social Security ever gets sent."
"I"gnorant propaganda Gingerich. Quote: "Most important election in our life time" W.W. II, Great Depression, etc., don't matter?
"V"ictory anyway, Republicans have rigged elections.
"E"xpensive waste fine if Republican, year after year millions, for turning mosquitoes into fertilizer, impossible.
Our ancestors inventions and hard work handed to communists, makes as much sense as Sears selling sandpaper underwear.
Harry Mykrantz (Feb. 10) letter; Republican propaganda.
Payroll cuts, Cleveland news both (greedy) Republicans status quo Democrats quit favoring wealthy.
Americans started (important) disastrous elections with Nixon shipping our prosperity overseas. Reagan's loving China equals (10.8) unemployment. Romney slipped agreeing more jobs overseas.
Socialism ridiculous jobs gone, Republicans caused more food stamps, etc.
No choice vote Obama or (un-American). Choosing Romney is like giving skunks chiropractic treatments with Egyptian monkey wrenches.
Gary Brink
All animals should be taken care of
I am writing in reference to Jodee Miller's letter.
I, too, believe all animals should be taken care of, not just by the Humane Society. An animal has no way of letting humans know their wants or needs. We have people in all walks of life that are uncaring when it comes to taking care of an animal.
They take their stress out on the pet, tie them out in the cold or heat without shelter, water and/or food. If the human is incapable of caring for the animal(s) that have been placed in their care either by their choice or otherwise then they shouldn't have a pet or be a caregiver.
Any human who is cruel to an animal needs to be charged with cruelty to animals and be prosecuted. It makes one wonder that if a person would harm an animal would they also harm a innocent child?
I would like to see the Wayne County Humane Society be more like the Holmes County Humane Society in the fact Holmes County does not euthanize animals.
Darlene Moore


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Britton Tree Services, Inc.
We teach our employees the science behind their work, so they understand how a tree will respond to each treatment it is given, and each pruning cut. We also train them in the physical skills necessary for accomplishing their work safely, so you can be reassured that your property is safe, and that the workers are knowledgeable.
Britton Tree Services, Inc. provides the highest quality tree care services available. Our goal is to prolong the useful lifespan of every tree we care for. We do this by maintaining a tree's structural integrity and by enhancing the cultural environment in which it is growing.
Founded in 1976 by John C. Britton, the company is located in the heart of the Napa Valley. Britton Tree serves clients in Napa and Sonoma County and the surrounding regions.
Britton Tree guarantees client satisfaction. It's written into every contract. If a problem arises for any reason, we take care of it as soon as possible, in an honest, straightforward manner.
The arborists at Britton Tree are well known for their expertise in tree care. They are knowledgeable, educated and thorough. And more importantly, they care just as much for your trees as you do. They understand the environment that trees need to thrive, and can help you achieve the ideal conditions for optimal growth.


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talars is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "talars" uses 6 letters: A A L R S T.
Direct anagrams of talars:
altars astral ratals tarsal
Words formed by adding one letter before or after talars (in bold), or to aalrst in any order:
g - gastral h - hartals i - lariats latrias o - alastor s - astrals tarsals t - stratal u - austral y - astylar
Shorter words found within talars:
aa aal aals aas al ala alar alas als alt altar alts ar ars art artal arts as at atlas la lar lars las last lat lats ras rat ratal rats sal salt sat slat star ta tala talar talas tar tars tas tsar
List shorter words within talars, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in talars, plus an optional blank or existing letter
Try a search for talars in these online resources (some words may not be found):
Wiktionary - OneLook Dictionaries - Merriam-Webster - Google Search
Each search will normally open in a new window.
List all words starting with talars, words containing talars or words ending with talars
All words formed from talars by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ta al la ar rs
Browse words starting with talars by next letter
Previous word in list: talaria
Next word in list: talas
Some random words: eluant mewing igloo oaf baht mm poaceous
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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Sophisticated Comfort on Long Island
The Hyatt Regency Long Island is a stylishly casual, elegantly inviting resort resting in the midst of the Long Island action. The location is ideal for touring local wineries, relaxing on Fire Island or Jones Beach, and touring the Hamptons. The 160-acre property offers guests a host of activities including championship golf, sumptuous dining, and stunning views of the surrounding area. Each of the luxuriously appointed rooms includes a wet or dry bar, granite bath with Speakman showerhead, Hyatt iHome stereo with iPod dock, and wireless internet access.
- Wifi
- Restaurant Onsite
- Pets Allowed
- Property Size 357 units
- Conference Facility
- Kids Allowed
- Nearby City Hauppauge
- Nearby Water Lake Ronkonkoma
- Open Dates All Year
Resting at Long Island's highest point, the Hamlet Wind Watch Golf & Country Club offers challenging holes and panoramic views of the resort and the beautiful north shore of Long Island.
Edging the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island is blessed with natural beauty and a myriad of beaches, parks, golf courses, and a diversity of wildlife. Explore the local flora and fauna by snorkeling, hiking, or at a state park.
- Basketball Court(s)
- Fitness Center
- Gift Shop
- Safety Deposit Box
- Sauna
- Swimming Pool
- Tennis Court(s)
- Volleyball Court(s)
- Air Conditioning
- Coffee Maker
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Microwave
- Basketball
- Live Entertainment
- Photography
- Shopping
- Sightseeing
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Volleyball
- Wineries
- Beach
- Bird Watching
- Golf Course
- Hiking
- Wildlife & Nature
- Saltwater Fishing
- Scuba Diving
- Shuttle Service
- A/V Equipment
- Business Center
- Concierge
- Meeting Room(s)
- Room Service
Nearest Airports
- Long Island Mac Arthur Airport (ISP) / 4 miles
- Igor I Sikorsky Memorial Airport (BDR) / 24.3 miles
- Tweed New Haven Airport (HVN) / 34.5 miles
* Not all airports listed here may be open to public use, or service commercial flights
Message this property
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Copywriting Services
Brafton was built on content writing, and it is the foundation of everything we do.
The best content writing conveys your message in a voice distinctly your own. We work to ensure everything we produce captures your brand and speaks to your audience.
Brafton's in-house creative team lives and breathes their craft, and always strives to sharpen their writing and marketing skills, looking for new ways to help you stand out. We are:
Our writers do more than craft a good story. They immerse themselves in your industry to fuel their creative energy and become even more connected with your brand.
Content writing that works takes chances and explores new avenues of telling a story. We are only satisfied when our work is so engaging that your customers clamor for more.
Our process begins well before the first words hit the page. We research and design each asset we create to resonate with your audience as they move along their journey.
No two businesses are alike, so why would you want a cookie-cutter content strategy? Whether you need a series of SEO articles, eBooks, whitepapers, video scripts, copy for infographics, email campaigns or a mix of different content marketing assets, our writers are ready and fully capable of delivering the content writing you need to fuel your business.


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"The Real Housewives" Are Going On Tour!
Perhaps one of the most genius ideas I've heard all week: "The Real Housewives" are going on tour! For $50 to $170 per ticket — depending on how awesome seat you obtain in Atlantic City, Chicago, or Atlanta — you can witness firsthand what will essentially be a dream "Real Housewives" reunion special. An all-star crew of cast members from the various cities will come together for one night (in each of the three cities above) to dish about the most salacious moments from their respective seasons. After an appropriate amount of gossip is served, tables are flipped, and tears are shed, you will then have the opportunity to get wasted with the housewives at a cocktail party. I imagine they'll be serving Skinny Girl margaritas and Ramona Singer's Pinot Grigio. If you need any additional incentive at this point, LuAnn de Lesseps, Lisa Vanderpump, and Nene Leakes are a few of the players who will be there.
I bow down at the feet of Andy Cohen. I finally understand why people get all insane about the Super Bowl. This is my Super Bowl and I will attend by any means necessary.
Want to contact the writer of this post? {encode="[email protected]" title="Email her"}!


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Additional colors for Chie, Naoto and Akihiko. Each character will have 8 new colors, 2 of which can only be used offline. A total of 48 colors including each character's Persona is included. NOTE: This DLC item is included in the 'Additional Colors Full Pack.'
©Index Corporation 1996,2011 Produced by ATLUS. Persona is a registered trademark of Index Digital Media, Inc. Purchase or use of this item is subject to the PlayStation®Network Terms of Service and User Agreement. This item has been sublicensed to you by Sony Computer Entertainment America.


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Title: Bake Pancakes
Description: Bake Pancakes is very nice online cooking game. In this fun game your job is to make the best pancakes. Flip the pancakes when they're ready. Dont let them burn or you will loose the game. The more pancakes you finish the more points you will get. Look at the color of the pancakes to know when to change them. Cook the pancakes until they're gold on one side, then flip them over and brown the other side. All the best!
Get Social - Bake Pancakes


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Council on Teacher Education Agenda for February 26, 2002
I. Approval of the February 12, 2002 Minutes:
II. Communications:
1. Request (2/18/02) for Executive Action from the College of Sciences to delete the
following minors from the curriculum: Minor in Chemistry for Teacher
Certification, Minor in Geography for Teacher Certification, Minor in Earth
Science for Teacher Certification, and Minor in Physics for Teacher Certification.
2. James Kestner will speak to the Council on February 26 about the Alternative Teacher
Certification program.
III. Items to be Added to the Agenda:
1. 02-04, Student Teaching and Special Education.
2. 02-05, Revision to the Alternate Secondary Education Program.
IV. Agenda Items to be Acted On:
1. 02-03, Revision to the Communications Disorders and Sciences major.
V. Executive Director's Report:


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Learn More About Myself
How can I learn more about myself and careers?
- Make an appointment to see a career counselor by calling 973-655-5194.
- Use Focus-2, our licensed, self assessment and career research program.
- Begin self and career exploration online:
- The Holland Game Provided by the Career Center of the University of Missouri, the Holland Game helps you identify your interests and occupations that relate to those interests.
- The Keirsey Temperament Sorter Learn more about how you prefer to behave. If you find this interesting, you may want to come to Career Services to learn about the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, an instrument similar to the Kiersey Sorter.
- Career Services (BGSU) clearly shows the career development process.
- For those who love self assessment sites, check out Quintessential Careers annual review of assessment sites.


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Do you know? The answer has been elusive for many.
Find the answer now
Sunday, June 11, 2017
Sunday, June 19, 2016
Audacious Love
Despite the rampant evil in the world, God is good and loves us with an unfailing love. He loved us so much that He came to suffer, die, and redeem us. That's love.
Sunday, March 20, 2016
Right and Wrong
Intuitively, in the very fabric of our being, we all know there is right and wrong, but where does this come from exactly? Moral standards do not come from human beings because it would be my opinion vs. yours. It's my contention they were written on our hearts by God and not derived from man. The logic is simple.
1. If God does not exist moral standards (differentiating right from wrong) do not exist.
2. Evil (wrong) exists.
3. Good (right) exists.
4. God exists.
1. If God does not exist moral standards (differentiating right from wrong) do not exist.
2. Evil (wrong) exists.
3. Good (right) exists.
4. God exists.
Sunday, March 6, 2016
Sunday, January 3, 2016
Sunday, November 22, 2015
Proof that God exists
There is proof that the complex and orderly universe is God's creation and it did not just randomly or spontaneously appear from nothing.
Sunday, October 4, 2015
Bring your Bible to school
Students are being told they can't bring their Bibles to school. Why are the administrators and teachers not being tolerant? Bring your Bible to school October 8th! Spread the word.
Sunday, August 30, 2015
Shine your light
Know Jesus. Live like Him. Love others by making Him known. Shine your light for all to see.
Sunday, June 14, 2015
Did God Create Evil?
When God created the universe He said it was good not evil. Evil is not a created thing. It's the absence of good. A great analogy is light and darkness. Darkness is not a created thing. It's what happens when light is missing...
Monday, May 25, 2015
Does Evil Disprove God's Existence?
Saturday, March 28, 2015
Answers to life's most important questions
Why is there something rather than nothing? What is the purpose of my life? If the universe created us and not God, what created the universe? Is God dead? No! He's alive. Get answers.
Saturday, March 7, 2015
The Great Debate: Does God Exist?
This is the classical debate regarding the existence of God. Dr. Greg Bahnsen smoothly, methodically, and eloquently wins the debate using the transcendental argument proving that God exists.
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Phyto - Phytobaume Light Untangling Balm
Love this product and all the Phyto products. Makes my hair feel like I just had a haircut.
defrizzer that leaves hair shiny and not greasy; i think this would be great for those winter fly-aways and keeping split ends at bay $17.50Tags: beauty, conditioners, style, hair care, silk, hair, kiehls, hair products, gelsAdded 9 Years Ago from Kiehls


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Live music action plan
Live music matters
The City is seeking feedback on a new action plan to encourage live music in Sydney.
The Live Music Matters report is the work of an 11-member taskforce set up by the City to revive Sydney's live music and performance scene.
For many years, Sydney enjoyed a reputation for extraordinary live performers and bands. But poker machines, large sports screens in pubs and tough regulations have all put pressure on live venues, resulting in fewer opportunities for live music.
Now, out of 2,200 venues with liquor licences in Sydney, only 143 of them, just six per cent, have a live music licence.
This nationally significant plan aims to create new opportunities for musicians and performers.
It tackles issues such as regulatory barriers, the availability of space to rehearse and perform, developing new audiences, and providing opportunities for young people to enjoy and play live music.
The plan is on exhibition for 60 days. View the plan and give your feedback on our Sydney Your Say website.
Last updated: Thursday, 28 November 2013


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New Zealand's Big Winning Stores Revealed
New Zealand's Big Winning Stores Revealed
There's a record prize pool of $47 million up for grabs across Big Wednesday and Lotto Powerball this week. But who will sell the winning tickets?
Tonight's Big Wednesday jackpot stands at $20 million – the third highest ever seen in the game, and Saturday's Lotto Powerball draw stands at $27 million, also the third highest in this game's history.
But how many Lotto stores have sold both a Powerball First Division winning ticket AND a Big Wednesday First Division winning ticket? Only five, in Lotto New Zealand's 26-year history, according to records released today.
Two stores in Auckland have sold tickets that won the top prize in both large jackpotting games – Pakuranga Lotto in the south of the city and Hayward's Paper Power in Devonport.
Further south, Kuripuni Lotto and Post in Masterton, and Andrew Spence Pharmacy in Napier have also sold Big Wednesday and Powerball First Division winning tickets.
And if you can't get to any of these stores? You're in luck, because the fifth outlet to sell both a Powerball First Division winning ticket and a Big Wednesday First Division winning ticket is available right across the country: it's Lotto New Zealand's online retail outlet, MyLotto.co.nz.
The jackpot amounts have kept climbing, but this week could see the making of brand new multi-millionaires.
For more information on Big Wednesday and Lotto Powerball, visit MyLotto.co.nz.


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Addiction Counselor
Stacey Chernin, M.A., Psy.D., LMFT, CFT
Licensed Marriage Counselor and Family Therapist
500 Montauk Hwy., West Islip, New York
I provide a thorough therapy approach when it comes to various addictions. Often addictions are an indirect result of other life crises. I make certain that the client and I get to the heart of the addiction through establishing clear-cut short-term and long-term goals and addressing the root of the addiction itself. It is found that once you get to the bottom-line of why a person chose their specific addiction that by focusing on the causes, there can be strength found for working out the issues that may result in a person falling off the wagon- so that an individual will admit the problem, take initial steps for curing the problem, and omit the influences that feed the addiction.
00544 is a zip code located in Suffolk County and part of Holtsville, New York.


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Browse through our extensive catalog of Intruder detectors, featuring 1,251 products from 58 Intruder detector manufacturers and suppliers. You will find detailed product profiles and technical specifications from all the top brands including Optex, Bosch, DSC, Aritech and Honeywell Security. Find and compare up to 5 Intruder detectors, select the one that meets your requirements and send an inquiry directly to the manufacturer. Keep visiting SourceSecurity.com for comprehensive information on the latest Intruder detector releases.
Anixter Shares New Global Security Innovations At IFSEC 2015
IFSEC 2015 - Exhibitors Share Opinions, Feedback And Thoughts
OPTEX Group Exhibits Anti-tailgating Access Control Solutions At IFSEC 2015


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In a discovery that offers a rare glimpse of when the universe was a trifling 750 million years old, US astrophysicists have detected a tiny galaxy that is the furthest known object from Earth.
"We are confident it is the most distant known object," said California Institute of Technology astronomer Richard Ellis. The galaxy is about 13 billion light-years from Earth.
The team uncovered the faint galaxy using two of the most powerful telescopes - one in space, the other in Hawaii - aided by the natural magnification provided by a vast cluster of galaxies.
The gravitational tug of the cluster deflects the light of the distant galaxy and magnifies it many times over. The magnification process produces double images of the distant galaxy.
The Hubble Space Telescope revealed the first glimpse of the galaxy, backed up by observations made with the Keck Observatory's 10-metre telescopes on top of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
The galaxy is 2000 light-years across - far smaller than our Milky Way, which is about 100,000 light-years in diameter.
Cosmologists have predicted that early galaxies contained stars that were different from ones formed later. But the astrophysicists' analysis suggests that the type of massive stars the galaxy contains were common after the end of the Dark Ages, before galaxies starting forming.
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Laboratory Services Rotorua (LSR) is a New Zealand owned and operated pathology service delivering medical testing in the Lakes area and is an affiliate of Pathlab in the Bay of Plenty & Waikato regions, helping over 4,500 patients a day.
Information about LSR Services
Please use our website as a tool for sourcing information about our pathology services, charges, how to prepare for your tests, what services are available for businesses, and helpful information for clinicians.
Our Oncology / Molecular Gene Testing information has moved HERE.


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
We hosted the taco party on a patio and they did a wonderful job accommodating us in every way. The staff was helpful and pleasant whenever we needed anything and everyone was always friendly. The bedroom door was really heavy and slammed easily.
very small room, bathroom could have been a little cleaner
Always a good time We come every August - and this is probably our 5th or 6th time. While its always a fun time, the hotel could stand to update itself a bit. Everything is exactly the same and the wear and tear is beginning to show. I'm getting a little bored.
The selections of fine linens and toiletries, the location, the cocktails... The noise... The lack of a black out curtain on an east facing window instead using a white piece of canvas... Oh and that they had stopped serving the grits at the restaurant
The room decor was lovely. Very suitable for the desert. Excellent design elements. As bad as this sounds, but the overload of children in the pool. Ace is more young hip crowd & kids aren't relaxing to be around.
The rooms were funky (loved putting on the record player) Too much of a rave-vibe. Great place for a college kids, not so great for 30-40 somethings (and an absolute "avoid" for anyone older). Loud pool-parties from 12pm-2am + rooms that really aren't sound-proof, don't mix. Bartenders had that typical annoyed attitude of bar tending in a night-club, not the typical service-oriented demeanor one expects in a hotel. Food was either great or gross.
Restaurant and bar Pool! Spa Towels Beds, Room furniture was uncomfortable Lacking room for luggage
It was wonderful!!!!
I thought the drinks and food were wonderful and the staff was very accommodating. The room was fine. Overall, this place needs a ton of work. I know they are trying to be "hip" but it was just too dingy and unkempt. The cloth face "tents" on the lounge chairs were old, tattered and ripped. The wooden signage around the pool was weathered and cracked. Even the "pool toys" looked very old and worn out. The property sponsored a pool side party that went all day and into the night which made parking for guests a big pain. And the DJ had difficulty setting up his equipment so the guests were treated to LOUD speaker hissing, humming and other noises until the equipment was fixed. There are definitely nicer places in the area that are cheaper. Didn't hate my stay but nothing would draw me back to stay there again.
Room was very modern and clean. Lots of comfortable seating around pool. Room was small. Listed bikes for loan weren't available.
This was my first time in Palm Springs and thankfully my experience was a positive one. The entire staff is super friendly and VERY helpful. They have bicycles that you may borrow to ride around town. They also have a water yoga class, which we took advantage of, and a meditation class. Overall, our stay was pleasant and relaxing. Overpriced pool drinks :( Hopefully they don't increase once the entire hotel is up and running. Also, it's a little noisy, not the hotel's fault, but if you're trying to sleep in, will probably not happen. They let dogs stay in the hotel, I don't like that either. I am not a pet owner and I like to get away to get away from my noisy, dog barking 24/7 neighborhood for some barking peace and quiet. While there was not excessive barking, I was awakened by a large dog's bark. :(
Beautiful modern room, USB ports, cement floor (no carpet), cushy bed with down comforter, cozy terry robes, private patio (a bit austere), central pool and fire pit. Comfy outdoor seating with a great view of the mountains. Interesting bar food, reasonably priced and e exulted adequately. Very friendly, accommodating staff. Techno music piped loud til 10pm. No sign outside, hard to find in the daytime, there's a dogleg turn to make off the main road to get into the parking lot. A big V lights up at night, easier to see. Full restaurant isn't open yet. Watch out for extra resort fee on booking. Mine was all included in the kayak and getaroom rates, but I've seen other complaints.
My Fiancé and I had a wonderful 2 night stay at V Palm Spring, March 13 - 15. The staff, from reception to Elixir (the pool bar) to housekeeping were wonderful. Bruce at Elixir deserves a special mention for his passion for mucilage ans terrific customer service. Try the Small Sombrero and Bloody Mary/Maria.
Loved our stay and enjoyed the modern appearance and design of the grounds and rooms. Fabulous pool and lounging area with bar and fire pit. Excellent service received from all the staff. Would recommend! Nothing!
The V Palms Springs Hotel was a great experience. Everyone was more than helpful, cool room decor and had a DJ for the 10-5 frame. Will definitely stay there again.
We loved everything about this hotel. The beds were one of the best beds I've ever slept on while traveling. The pool area is intimate and great DJ. The drinks and food were over priced for what it was. They told us they would call when our room was ready but we never got a call and had to follow up ourselves. They ran out of towels at the pool.
Main pool area, staff friendliness, bar by pool, good concept and should be a nice place once completed. Nostalgic. Under construction, unorganized, trying to do too much all at once. Toilet and shower issues, had to move rooms, they did upgrade us for the hassle.
The staff was excellent. Nice modern lobby. Upgraded older hotel. I believe pets are allowed here. There was dog feces on the walkway but staff cleaned once they were made aware of it. There was also broken glass on the stairs. The parking was limited.
Location and facilities, price reduction promotion. Cute style for an old&small size room. Nice bathroom with direct outside light. They have night lamps that are high and heavy given that is an earthquake zone that can topple and hurt the bed occupants. The large pool water temperature was a bit to chilly for December.
Formerly Howard Johnsons. Remodeled and rebranded. Not much of a change from before. Pool and patio furniture by lobby are nice. Second pool could use some landscaping. Great location. Good parking.
The staff made it more than worth it. Very clean, good food and drinks. Useless gym
the pool was great, the room was clean, staff friendly, nice to have restaurant on site. you could tell the facility was quite old.
Clean. Comfy beds. Slow wifi, pool closed too early.
We stayed at the Quality Inn Palm Springs, CA and the front desk staff for the check in and check out and housekeeping were awesome, however that was the best part of our stay. The King size bed was extremely uncomfortable, the wallpaper was pealing off, the tub and tub drain were very worn out and we killed a cockroach in the bathroom. Very disappointing. We have stayed at several Quality Inn hotels in the past (Sierra Vista and Safford Arizona) and have had great experiences, which is why we chose to stay at the Quality Inn in Palm Springs. The Palm Springs hotel just seems like it has not been maintained like the ones we have stayed at in the past.
Room was clean Check in took a long time
Nothing at all ... I just wished we stayed else where , even in our car would have been better Place is a run down dump, the rooms were like a sex hotel that people would use for an hour and check out, the room had green carpet if that was a warning! The bed was a $60 bed they paid at a flea market for $25.00, bedding was old nasty brown looking cover and pillows were 1/3 size normal and were square. Horrible horrible dump....the pool was 90 degrees, avoid this place, went to check out in the morning , the office is closed, the pictures shown on web site is deceptive, STAY AWAY!!!!!!
we have been here many times and was not disappointed. we especially love the pool area and spend a lot of time lounging there.
It was quiet Run down, bathroom was old, no elevator to second floor...
When we checked in we were given a 1 bed room. They were able to accommodate us to a room with 2 beds. They charged us again for the room. Once I challenged the charge, they were able to refund the charge. When we checked in. the room had not been cleaned. There were used towels and trash with both beds not made. It made it quite uncomfortable. After talking to the front desk, they sent over a cleaning crew to clean the room and make the beds and put fresh towels.
Great location, convenient to Downtown and Uptown Palm Springs. No frills, but clean and overall good stay.
Service was great, and what I would expect. The staff was nice and friendly. I loved the pool area, glad that was designed well so all could enjoy and also the landscaping around it. The rooms could be updated but they were nice and clean and again, what you would expect. Thank you.
I thought the value was not good at this hotel. They charged me $170 for what I would think would be not more than $80 worth of value. this is a standard two star hotel or motel in a good location. It's not a resort. The room is somewhat small but had all of the apartments is that you would expect including a small refrigerator coffee machine and microwave. Bathroom in joining area was also small. They did have a way ironing board and iron and us in room safe. Parking was right in front of the room. Didn't try the swimming pool or fitness center. The Carrows in the parking lot was closed permanently but you could drive down the street to Elmers restaurant which is the same thing as Carrows maybe even a little bit better.. Too expensive for what received. Would be happy and given high marks if the price was half what I paid.
Good if you're looking for an affordable no frills place to stay and have a car (it's a drive to downtown). Like a motel, the doors face the streets and are accessible to the public from the outside. (Not a hotel where there's a lobby and inside facing doors for security.)


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If you're into the world's most dangerous places, chances are Kenya's at the top of your "must visit" list. The State Department has advised Americans to stay away from the violence-plagued East African country. So where does that leave people with nonrefundable airline tickets to Nairobi?
That's what Richard Brooks wanted to know. Last November he booked a ticket on British Airways for a Feb. 1 flight from San Francisco to Kenya. "With the political turmoil in Kenya after the elections, I decided it was no longer safe for me to travel there and wanted to cancel the flight," he says.
He continues:
I called British Airways and was notified that they were offering refunds for persons traveling up until Jan. 11, initially, which was then extended to Jan. 25. There is a travel warning for Kenya on the U.S. State Department Web site dated Jan. 11 which continues to Feb. 12. When I called the airline on Jan. 25 to find out if they had extended their policy for refunds, I was informed that their policy had instead been retracted. I therefore postponed the flight to Feb. 22, at least hoping to avoid losing the entire $1,400 I spent on the ticket.
But the situation in Kenya didn't improve.
Today, I read in the newspaper that 19 people were burned to death in a town not far from Nairobi. I find it hard to believe that British Airways considers it safe to travel there despite the ongoing violence and the continued warnings from the State Department. I have contacted them numerous times, yet they stand by their policy. They have no way of contacting customer relations by phone and instead require contact by e-mail, which I have done and am awaiting a reply. I appreciate your advice.
I asked British Airways for its policy and reviewed Brooks' itinerary. But I noticed a problem with the timing. The State Department issued its first travel warning Oct. 18, almost a full month before Brooks made his reservation. If there was a travel warning that the passenger should have been aware of, does British Airways still owe him a refund?
It would be a nice gesture, but I'm not sure if it's not something I could ask British Airways to do.
Late yesterday, British Airways revised its Kenya policy:
Following a deterioration of the situation in Kenya, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office have updated their advice for travel to Kenya. They are now advising against all but essential travel to parts of Kenya, including Nairobi.
Due to this change in advice, the options for customers due to travel to/from Nairobi have been re-instated for travel up to and including Friday 08 February 2008. As previously, the situation will be continually monitored and any updates communicated as appropriate.
Advice for customers
Customers holding a ticket who are due to travel to/from Nairobi up to and including Friday 08 February 2008 who want to change their travel plans or no longer wish to travel, are covered by the following options:
Rebook on a British Airways flight to the original destination
– On the closest available flight to the original flight, provided that a seat is available in the cabin originally booked or
At the passenger's convenience:
– Up to 2 weeks after the original flight, provided a seat is available in the cabin originally booked
– Up to 2 weeks prior to the original flight, where applicable, provided a seat is available in the cabin originally booked
– At any time outside of the above periods, provided a seat is available in the same fare class and same cabin as originally booked
a) Any changes to the booking (PNR) must take place no later than two weeks after the original flight.
b) The passenger will be booked into the same booking class, or where applicable, the lowest available class within the same cabin of travel.
c) Travel must be completed within ticket validity or within three months from the original flight, whichever is longer.
d) The return flight, if applicable, can be rebooked at the same time, and no extra fare is payable. Rebook on a British Airways flight to an alternative destination, with any additional fare to be paid by the customer
a) Any changes to the booking (PNR) must take place no later than two weeks after the original flight.
b) Travel will be governed by the new fare rules.
Refund of the original British Airways flight, plus any parts of the journey not made which are on the same ticket as the original flight
– The refund will be provided to the original form of payment.
Brooks received a full refund.
Lesson learned: Always check the State Department site before booking a ticket to a country where security is iffy. Next time, British Airways might not be so generous.


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|Core Material:
|Top Material:
|Foam, EVA
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|Manufacturer Warranty:
|1 Year
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JC Goal of the Week: the contenders - Nov 11
WINNER: - Ryan Cole (Glenthorne Utd B) - GOAL 2 - no matter what's nominated it won't beat his second, a free-kick from full on 30 yards in a central position he stepped up and left-footed hit it with power and curl over the wall and into the top right corner. Absolutely superb and a whole team of keepers wouldn't have saved it!
- Ryan Cole (Glenthorne Utd B) - GOAL 1 - cut inside from the right beating two players before striking a sweet left-footed shot over the Redbridge keeper from 20 yards
- Byron Watkins (Loughton Orient) - 25 yards out with outside of the foot
- Nick Haringman (Norstar C) - GOAL 1 - stunning overhead kick leaving the keeper no chance and the defence stunned
- Jonny Cutter (Lions B) - this goal personified the Cutter we see week in week out. Great footwork allowed him to take on two players on the right wing, before cutting into his favorite left foot. Then, from 30 yards out, he unleashed a powerful curling shot that found the top left hand corner leaving the keeper with no chance
- Bobbie Cousins (Oakwood A) - produced a piece of magic good enough to win the game, any other game, the charity shield - and even the grand national. Collecting the ball on his chest from 25 yards he thumped it on the volley with his left peg into the top corner with dip and swerve
- Conor Perlmutter (Southgate Harmen) - a delicate chip against UJIA
- Richard Silver (Camden Park) - GOAL 1 - a low drive from the tightest of angles
- Richard Silver (Camden Park) - GOAL 2 - a curled effort right into the top corner
- Rob Hershkorn (Camden Park) - broke the dealock against Chigwell with a great solo goal after leaving three men for dead
- Matt Geey (Oakwood B) - long-range thunderbolt
- JC MSFL Matchday 11 review
JC MSFL Matchday 11 review
- JC MSFL Team of the Week contenders - Nov 4
JC MSFL Team of the Week contenders - Nov 4
- Shahar Peer bids farewell to tennis
Shahar Peer bids farewell to tennis
- New Labour Livingstone investigation
New Labour Livingstone investigation
- Londoner and son hailed for stopping terrorist
Londoner and son hailed for stopping terrorist
- Momentum statement on Haringey protest
Momentum statement on Haringey protest
- Charity watchdog's concern over Lubavitch
Charity watchdog's concern over Lubavitch


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出典: GotenWiki
Electrical Screening Spelled out
Electrical testing - how do we do it?
Electrical tests is a specialized method that can be fairly baffling to the untrained. In this article follows some quick data to enable the unfamiliar recognize what its all about. Tests is a competent spot all of its personal and this is not intended to be an exhaustive manual. It is undoubtedly not supposed to instruct you to 'do it by yourself.' Fairly the intention is to dispel some of the mystery.
Why Test at all?
Testing is essential to create the problem and protection of an installation. A pre buy inspection is frequently advisable by surveyors and can build regardless of whether any huge bills are on the way. Insurance coverage companies could insist on it. A large cause of house fires in the United kingdom is faulty wiring.
Its a good concept to get tested if you system on executing any function which will limit entry to cables. For example laying parquet flooring, replastering, redecorating or even recarpeting. Its in the nature of energy that its possibly working or its not. There are often no warning symptoms prior to any failures. Its a whole lot simpler to fix and renew just before floors and ceilings are sealed and adorned.
N.B. It is worth noting that it is generally not doable to examine an installation in its entirety. Cables are normally buried in the material of the developing in partitions and floors and its is neither possible, or appealing, to carry flooring and remove plaster to check out every little thing visually. Examination instruments are utilized to examination the integrity of circuits even in inaccessible places.
What happens?
There is a typical exam technique making use of devices as well as a visual inspection. Circuits are tested to see that they are shielded by the correct product and that they have an earth to protect them (and you) in situation of faults. The earth conductor is there to take any stray electrical power absent very promptly and activate the security device (fuse, MCB, RCD to identify a few). This indicates that the circuit will 'turn off' as an alternative of supplying you a shock.
The insulation of the cables is tested as very well as the procedure of RCD security gadgets.
There are exclusive guidelines for dangerous parts like loos (you are soaking moist with no apparel on). Until lately it was not permitted to have sockets in loos. It now is on new installations (or outdated ones that have been upgraded) and you can have a washing machine in the bathroom like they do on the Continent.
At the conclusion of the exam you will be introduced with a Certification. This will be marked as either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. In the event of an unsatisfactory test you will be offered a list of failures and a quote of the functions needed to carry the installation back again up to the common necessary to create a satisfactory certification.
A take a look at is only as great as the particular person conducting it. BS 7671 calls for testers to be 'competent'. In follow this signifies that they should be qualified and experienced.


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I am using the standard free version and it is outstanding. Super simple to create custom forms on every page if desired, this plugin form maker is a delight to find and use. My major issue however is that the form is set always to the left side of page and it is impossible to center. I've tried css codes, html codes etc. to change the location to center and nothing but nothing works to change the form location from left to center! Also the font color is fixed to a medium gray. It cannot be changed even in the edit page since the page is "inactive"…A real pain but I can live with medium gray since the form and the email/submit funtion is so exceptionally well done. I can only imagine how great the pro version must be…but for my site it would be overkill.
- The topic 'Outstanding…but' is closed to new replies.


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Regional Navigation
Historic U.S. Highway 60
Historic Routing
Until 1964, U.S. 60 generally followed what is today the current Interstate 10 corridor, connecting downtown Los Angeles with San Bernardino and the desert cities of Palm Springs, Indio, and Blythe. U.S. 60 entered Arizona at the Colorado River bridge east of Blythe and west of Quartzsite. The combination of Interstate 10 and California 60 freeways was built in stages through the 1960s, and signage for U.S. 60 was gone by 1972. A portion of old U.S. 60 is today part of the California 60 freeway between San Dimas and Beaumont; the California 60 freeway west of San Dimas was never signed as U.S. 60. The route was cosigned with U.S. 70 from Beaumont east to the Arizona State Line near Blythe and with U.S. 99 from Beaumont east to Indio.
|Eastbound U.S. 60-70-99 meets the onramp to Interstate 10/Redlands Freeway west (and U.S. 70 west and U.S. 99 north). Photos taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70 and U.S. 99/Sixth Street east (Beaumont)
|After the Interstate 10 interchange, U.S. 60-70 east and U.S. 99 south enters the city of Beaumont (population 11,384 as of 2000 Census; incorporated on November 18, 1912). At Beaumont, California 60 will meet Interstate 10; this is the historic junction point for U.S. 60 to join U.S. 70-99 for the journey southeast toward Indio and the Coachella Valley. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|Before Interstate 10 was built as a freeway bypass, Sixth Street was the major east-west corridor through Beaumont. This once-busy highway now functions as a business loop, even though it is not an official business route. Here eastbound U.S. 60-70-99/Sixth Street (actually traveling southeast) meets Wellwood Avenue. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|Eastbound U.S. 60-70-99/Sixth Street meets California Avenue and Grace Avenue at this five-way intersection (governed by a stop sign). Sixth Street curves from southeast to east at this point. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70 and U.S. 99/Ramsey Street east (Banning)
|After the intersection with Highland Springs Avenue, eastbound U.S. 60-70-99 shifts from Sixth Street onto Ramsey Street. The former U.S. highway leaves Beaumont and enters the city of Banning ("Stagecoach Town USA"; "Proud History, Prosperous Tomorrow"). Located in San Gorgonio Pass, Banning had a population of 23,562 as of the 2000 Census and incorporated on February 6, 1913. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70 and U.S. 99/Ramsey Street west (Banning)
|At the intersection between westbound Ramsey Street and Second Street in downtown Banning, this Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC) guide sign is posted for Reppelier Park. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70 and U.S. 99/Sixth Street west (Beaumont)
|Westbound U.S. 60-70 and northbound U.S. 99 prepare to split between Interstate 10/Redlands Freeway west and California 60/Moreno Valley Freeway west. Historically, U.S. 70-99 exited right to join Interstate 10 west to San Bernardino, while U.S. 60 split away toward Moreno Valley and Riverside. The three routes used to reconverge in Pomona. Today, however, all three routes have been eliminated from California. The overhead sign here is old enough to have a green cover where U.S. 70 and 99 shields used to be posted alongside Interstate 10. Photos taken 07/15/07 and 07/03/04.
|A Interstate 10 west freeway entrance shield is posted at the western end of Sixth Street in Beaumont at the Veile Avenue intersection. U.S. 70 west and U.S. 99 north follow this ramp to continue west to Yucaipa and Redlands. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|The back of the overhead guide sign includes the date code of "California Division of Highways 60-8DL 59." This type of date stamp was commonly used in the 1950s and 1960s, but fell out of use since then. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|Another freeway entrance shield is posted on the left side, separating the traffic between California 60 west to Riverside and Interstate 10 west to San Bernardino. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70 and U.S. 99/Ramsey Street scenes
|This old, porcelain-enamel, button-copy stop sign dates to the era when the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC) used to maintain and add signs, including route markers and traffic control. Rarely found still in use today, this stop sign was still in use in Banning. Photo taken 07/15/07.
|U.S. 60-70-99/Whitewater Cutoff Road east
|A narrow concrete bridge carries Whitewater Cutoff Road over Interstate 10 at Exit 114. An old bridge crosses the Whitewater River around the bend ahead. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|This ramp connects to Interstate 10 west toward San Bernardino and Los Angeles. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Now passing through the town of Whitewater, Old U.S. 60-70-99 features twin-slab concrete as the old road approaches the Whitewater River bridge. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Wind turbines from the San Gorgonio Pass wind farm dominate the view as eastbound U.S. 60-70-99 pass through the small settlement of Whitewater. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|U.S. 60-70-99 used to cross this bridge over the Whitewater River. The Whitewater River drains from Mount San Gorgonio, and during the winter and spring months, water flows through from the high country down toward Palm Springs, the Coachella Valley, and the Salton Sea. Much of the old road standards still remain here, including the banked roadway and approach onto the bridge. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|The bridge railings and supports are all made of concrete, just like the bridge deck. This bridge was built in 1925, just before it was signed as U.S. 99 in 1926. According to Casey Cooper's Finding U.S. 99, "The piers [of the bridge] actually are set 20 feet below ground and are anchored to bedrock below the riverbed." This monumental bridge has withstood many floods since it was built so well. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|With only two lanes in width, the Whitewater River bridge is fairly narrow and would not be sufficient to meet today's larger vehicles. A replacement pair of bridges were built in 1952 (opened in 1953) as part of the new U.S. 60-70-99 expressway. These bridges are is now part of the Interstate 10 bridges that span the river. (The bridges were widened to eight lanes in 1967.) Photo taken 02/25/06.
|At the east end of the bridge, the old U.S. 60-70-99 roadway banked to the south, with white wooden fencing still in place to act as guardrail. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|The shoulder of this old road was widened a bit with concrete and again with asphalt. At one time, this road was striped. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|After making the banked turn to the south, the old road reverts from concrete to asphalt. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|The fence guardrail has certainly seen some better days, especially considering the baking sun in the desert. However, it is still used today, and it is in fairly decent condition considering the age of the road and bridge. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|U.S. 60-70-99/Whitewater Cutoff Road west
|Now looking westbound, U.S. 60-70-99 prepare to cross over the Whitewater River, which was built in 1925. The concrete road leading to the bridge was also built during this time frame. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|The bridge railings and supports are all made of concrete, just like the bridge deck. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|For a bridge that is 80 years old, it is in remarkably good condition. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|A few expansion joints such as this one separate out the sections of the bridge as U.S. 60-70-99 cross over the Whitewater Bridge. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|On the other side of the Whitewater River bridge, U.S. 60-70-99 continues west toward the settlement of Whitewater. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|This section of old road retains its concrete, which is uncommon for much of old U.S. 60-70-99 in the desert. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Originally, the concrete road continued straight ahead over the freeway. It was realigned in the early 1950s when the new U.S. 60-70-99 expressway was built. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Returning to Interstate 10, the first ramp connects to westbound en route to Los Angeles. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|After crossing over Interstate 10, the next ramp connects to eastbound Interstate 10 en route to Indio, Blythe, and Phoenix, Arizona. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Whitewater Cutoff Road transitions directly onto Tipton Road, which carries former U.S. 60-70-99 along the south side of Interstate 10. Tipton Road connects with California 111 (Palm Canyon Drive) southwest of here. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|After merging back onto Interstate 10 eastbound, this freeway entrance sign advises of the transition from Whitewater Cutoff Road onto the freeway. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|U.S. 60-70-99/Whitewater River Bridge
|The Whitewater River bridge carries Old U.S. 60-70-99 over the Whitewater River near Whitewater, which is northwest of Palm Springs. This bridge is visible to motorists driving by on Interstate 10. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|Wind turbines that grace San Gorgonio Pass hover above the Whitewater River bridge. Photo taken 02/25/06.
|U.S. 60-70/Box Canyon Road east
|Former U.S. 60-70-99 used to follow California 86/Indio Boulevard from Indio into Coachella, where Indio Boulevard becomes Grapefruit Boulevard. The two east-west routes divided from U.S. 99 at the intersection of Harrison Street and Grapefruit Boulevard. While U.S. 99 turned south on Harrison Street, U.S. 60-70 continued southeast along Grapefruit Boulevard to Thermal and ulimately Mecca, where U.S. 60-70 turned east. U.S. 60-70 crossed the railroad via 4th Street (shown here) into the unincorporated community of Mecca. Upon crossing the railroad tracks, U.S. 60-70 turned south onto Hammond Road. Photo taken 03/14/09.
|After a few blocks, U.S. 60-70 turned east from Hammond Road onto 66th Avenue east toward Box Canyon. Photo taken 03/14/09.
|Former U.S. 60-70 travels east through Mecca toward Box Canyon, which sits between the Mecca Hills and Orocopia Mountains. Photo taken 03/14/09.
|Eastbound U.S. 60-70/66th Avenue (former California 195) meets Johnson Street at this stop sign. Citrus orchards abound on all corners at this intersection. Photo taken 03/14/09.
|A lonely palm tree rises above a vineyard east of Mecca. Photo taken 03/14/09.
|A high voltage power transmission line crosses over U.S. 60-70/66th Avenue briefly before the former U.S. route enters Box Canyon. Photos taken 03/14/09.
|Eastbound U.S. 60-70/Chuckwalla Road meets Interstate 10 at the Ford Dry Lake interchange. Turn right here to merge back on the freeway and proceed east to Blythe. Photo taken 03/14/09.
Page Updated January 21, 2011.