text:
Japanese stuff
甲 Kinoe is voiced by 合田 絵利 Gōda Eri. I'm pretty sure that's young Yamato. 甲 kinoe is the first sign of the chinese calendar, btw. Seelentau 愛議 13:21, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- Are Tenzō or Yamato signs too? --OmegaRasengan (talk) 13:27, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- No. Yamato probably comes from 大和, the old name for today's Nara prefecture (and for the old Japan in general), tenzō is no special term or anything, but it can mean heavenly creation and is a Japanese family name. Seelentau 愛議 13:32, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
Oh, and just in case you (maybe munchi?) want to create the articles for the other two: 乙 Kinoto is the second sign and 丙 Hinoe is the third sign in the calendar. (The fourth being 丁 Hinoto, just in case such a guy (maybe Kakashi?) comes up.) Seelentau 愛議 13:37, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
I see it, the mask and size, that is a young Yamato. --OmegaRasengan (talk) 13:39, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- I'm quite confused, why is Yamato in Root? Or was Root supposed to be a "legal" part of ANBU back then? --kiadony --talk to me-- 13:45, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- It suddenly all makes sense. Danzo was weirdly ok with Yamato overlooking Naruto and it seemed as if almost he wanted to make sure Tsunade picks him. Not to mention in one manga chapter, there's Yamato written on a pillar during Root underground meeting. Conspiracy time--Elveonora (talk) 13:50, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
Ok, I'm at a loss here. Why exactly is Kinoe probably Yamato? I didn't catch anything that would imply that in the episode. Or is this something that can be deduced by comparing the character to some of that concept art about this arc that was released a while back? Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 21:43, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
I'm an idiot beyond belief. It can't be Yamato, because he was Kakashi's kohai, meaning he was under Kakashi. I think it means that he joined the ANBU later, too. Seelentau 愛議 11:48, February 8, 2014 (UTC)
- Considering Yamato is stated to appear in the arc and this guy was credited, he has to have some importance. I think we should wait--Elveonora (talk) 16:01, February 8, 2014 (UTC)
- Young Yamato wears a Root jacket thingy in the promotional artwork. Nothing in the manga ever indicated that he was ever in Root. That's why it's confusing and may create some plot holes (unless Kishimoto was involved in this filler arc somehow). --kiadony --talk to me-- 16:43, February 8, 2014 (UTC)
Characters present
I was wondering whether or not Kitsuchi appears during the Third Tsuchikage's meeting or if it is just a shinobi that looks like him?--Tzao (talk) 18:49, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
Fourth Kazekage
Don't know if I should ask this here or at the Kazekages page, but here goes: I always thought that it was the Third Kazekage who was the Sunagakure leader during this war? Since the war takes place approximately 10 years before the start of the series, and Sasori kidnaps him approximately 18 years before the start of the series. Or am I wrong here? --Kasan94 (talk) 21:27, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- Uh, you sure you said what you wanted to say? Because the way your question is worded, Third Kazekage was kidnapped before the Third War, meaning Fourth Kazekage would be Suna's leader during it, as shown in the episode. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 21:40, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
The Sandaime Kazekage was abducted after Naruto's birth... so... yeah, it makes no sense that there's already a Yondaime Kazekage... or does it? Seelentau 愛議 22:06, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
- Well, there was the 3rd Hokage, then the 4th only for the 3rd to resume his position again, so something similar could have happened.--Elveonora (talk) 22:20, February 6, 2014 (UTC)
You are right Omni.... Don't know where my mind was with this, sorry for the inconvenience. By the way, the information I got came from the individual pages. --Kasan94 (talk) 22:49, February 6, 2014 (UTC)


text:
Promotional price valid on web orders only. Your contract pricing may differ. Interested in signing up for a dedicated account number?
Learn More
Learn More
Wheaton Trypsinizing Flasks with Side Arm
Manufacturer: Wheaton 355804
SpecificationsDescription & Specifications
- Sidearm allows easier decanting of contents while retaining large particles behind the dam
- Sidearm caps are 20-415 size
- Caps have white styrene-butadiene rubber liners
- Flasks made from Wheaton 33 low extractable borosilicate glass that conforms to USP Type I and ASTM E- 438 Type I, Class A requirements
|Used for forming cell suspensions through trypsin digestion of connective proteins
|20-415 Sidearm cap and top cap have white Styrene Butadiene Rubber liner
|Style: Erlenmeyer Trypsinizing
|Borosilicate Glass
Provide Content Correction
We continue to work to improve your shopping experience and your feedback regarding this content is very important to us. Please use the form below to provide feedback related to the content on this product.
Product Title
Thank You!
Your feedback has been submitted. Fisher Scientific is always working to improve our content for you. We appreciate your feedback.Ok

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Do you have a question about the Chesapeake Bay? Explore our list of frequently asked questions to learn more about the Bay and its watershed, habitats and wildlife. You can browse the FAQ by category, or explore the answers to some of our most common questions below.
If you have a question that hasn't been answered in our FAQ, ask us by filling out the form below.
Poor water clarity does not allow sunlight to reach bay grasses growing at the bottom of shallow waters. These underwater grasses provide food and habitat for many animals, including fish, crabs and birds. Without bay grasses, these animals may not have the food and habitat they need to survive.
Water clarity improves when less pollution washes off the land and into streams, rivers and the Chesapeake Bay. You can help improve water clarity by fertilizing your lawn less and planting a buffer of trees and shrubs around your property. Also, when boating, make sure you obey wake laws so you don't stir up bottom sediments in shallow areas.
Scientists use a device called a Secchi disc to measure water clarity. A Secchi disc is a simple, black-and-white circle attached to a rope. The Secchi disc is lowered into the water until it disappears, then pulled up until it can just barely be seen. Scientists note the water line on the rope and measure the distance between the Secchi disc and the water line. The measurement is the water's clarity: the depth that sunlight is able to penetrate through the water.
Nutrient and sediment pollution are the main causes of the Chesapeake Bay's poor water clarity. Nutrients fuel the growth of water-clouding algae blooms, while particles of sediment can float in the water. Weather also plays a role in water clarity: rain storms wash dirt and pollutants into the Bay, muddying the water.
Can't find your question in our FAQ? Ask us by filling out the form below. We'll do our best to answer your question in a timely manner. We may even add it to our FAQ!


text:
LEOPARD syndrome is a very rare inherited disorder in which there are problems with the skin, face, and heart.
LEOPARD syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. This means the person only needs the abnormal gene from one parent in order to inherit the disease.
LEOPARD stands for the different problems (signs and symptoms) of this disorder:
- Lentigines – large number of brown or black freckle-like skin markings that mainly affect the neck and upper chest but can appear all over the body
- Electrocardiograph conduction abnormalities – problems with the electrical and pumping functions of the heart
- Ocular hypertelorism – eyes that are spaced wide apart
- Pulmonary valve stenosis – narrowing of the pulmonary heart valve, resulting in less blood flow to the lungs and causing shortness of breath
- Abnormalities of the genitals – such as undescended testicles
- Retardation of growth (delayed growth) – including bone growth problems of the chest and spine
- Deafness – hearing loss may vary between mild and severe
Exams and Tests
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and listen to the heart with a stethoscope.
Tests that may be done include:
- ECG and echocardiogram
- Hearing test
- CT scan of the brain
- Skull x-ray
- Blood tests to check certain hormone levels
Symptoms are treated as appropriate. A hearing aid may be needed. Hormone treatment may be necessary at the expected time of puberty to cause the normal changes to occur.
Laser, cryosurgery (freezing), or bleaching creams may help lighten some of the brown spots on the skin.
Possible Complications
Complications vary and include:
- Deafness
- Delayed puberty
- Heart problems
- Infertility
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your provider if there are symptoms of this disorder.
Call for an appointment with your provider if you have a family history of this disorder and plan to have children.
Genetic counseling is recommended for people with a family history of LEOPARD syndrome who want to have children.
Martínez-Quintana E, Rodríguez-González F. LEOPARD syndrome: clinical features and gene mutations. Mol Syndromol. 2012;3:145-57. PMID: 23239957 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239957.
Porciello R, Divona L, Strano S, Carbone A, Calvieri C, Giustini S. LEOPARD syndrome. Dermatol Online J. 2008;14(3):7. PMID: 18627709 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627709.
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B. LEOPARD syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008;3:13. PMID: 18505544 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505544.
Review Date 4/14/2015
Updated by: Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.


text:
Dion Agius gives us a tour of his North Bondi bohemian bat cave.
By Kai Neville
SURFING Magazine: You've lived in Sydney for around Six months, how has your lifestyle changed?
Dion Agius: My liver has felt a rather dramatic change in lifestyle. I've gone from 1 -2 nights out a week to 1-2 nights staying in. Its impossible not to go out here because there is something fun on every single night of the week. The waves here aren't so bueno though, so a little less surfing has been going down. But it's been cool. It's given me more time to get back into doing some art and photography and other fun shit that I'd been lagging on a little.
What are you loving about Bondi?
Just that there is constantly so much fun stuff to do — never a dull moment. And the most hot chicks I have ever seen anywhere in my life. It's crazy.
Hate about Bondi?
The surf. The crowds. That's about it.
Your local watering hole?
White Revolver. Midway along the beachfront of Bondi. Wednesday night there is the craziest thing I have ever seen. All our friends party there and then all the models come there from the city to party as well. I've never seen anywhere bring in that quality of babes before. Considering the fact that I'm a 4-foot greasy little midget, I have no chance, but its fun to look at and a pretty good spot to call home for a night.
Do you still surf?
I do still love surfing, and living here makes me so excited to go and find uncrowded waves again. Its helped me to realize how fun it is to travel and discover uncrowded fun waves.
Any unforgettable experiences from your crib that you can share?
Every few nights something funny or amazing seems to go down here. A few of my friends are out here staying from California so that's been wild for like 3 weeks now. It's been non stop since they got here because we've wanted to show them the best time we possibly could. The last 3 weeks is honestly one giant blur now.
I'm seeing a lot of collage in your house, how would you describe your art currently?
Yeah I'm loving the collages right now. I can't seem to stop them. I love the work of Lou Beach, so I've been kinda biting his style. Something about composing stuff in collages, its more like graphic design than painting and I've always been fascinated by great design. So I'm having a blast. Getting weird and sticking shit down.
You may not have a trophy case but you have walls of deeper personal experiences, Do you think surfing will ever choose creativity over competition?
I think it already has to an extent. It just seems like surfing has two different kinds of audiences at the moment: those who love the contests and then those who dig the whole freesurfing and non-conformity side. Which is rad. I feel like surfing has definitely become a lot more accepting of self expression and freesurfing over the past few years
Most valued possession?
My life.
Describe your dream home?
Something tucked away in the hills au natural Turnbull Griffin Haesloop style. Or a fucking huge penthouse in the Meat packing district with polished concrete floors, all white everything and walls adorned with Listers', Beachs', Basquiats' and Zawadas.


text:
Fall in jobless works for Howard campaign
Page Tools
Only four federal electorates now have double-digit unemployment - compared with 45 in 1996, when the present Government won power - underscoring the political value of the strong job market to the Coalition in the coming election.
The seats of Wide Bay in central Queensland (10.8 per cent), Wakefield in rural South Australia (10.8 per cent ), Chifley in western Sydney (10.4 per cent) and Batman in Melbourne (10.2 per cent) are the only ones with an unemployment rate above 10 per cent, out of 150 federal electorates.
The figures, made public yesterday by Minister for Employment and Workplace relations, Kevin Andrews, show the unemployment rate has more than halved in many electorates during the past eight years.
A swag of marginal seats, likely to determine the looming federal election, have had significant falls in the jobless rate.
Unemployment in the seat of Parramatta, held by the Liberal Ross Cameron by a 1.2 per cent margin, has fallen from 10.1 per cent in 1996 to 4.1 per cent - well below the national jobless rate of 5.6 per cent.
In another seat on a knife edge, Dobell, on the Central Coast, held by a Liberal, Ken Ticehurst, unemployment has dropped from 11.6 to 7.9 per cent in the past eight years.
In the marginal Queensland seat of Hinkler, held by the Nationals' Paul Neville, the jobless rate has plunged from 15 to 8.9 per cent.
In Adelaide, another Liberal seat being targeted by Labor, unemployment has drop from 10.8 to 6.9 per cent.
The Prime Minister, John Howard, has highlighted the Government's economic record, especially low unemployment, while campaigning in marginal seats recently, and this theme will feature strongly during the election campaign expected.
The electorates with the biggest falls in unemployment since 1996 include three safe Labor seats - the western Sydney seats of Fowler, (down from 16.3 to 7.2 per cent) and Reid (15.7 to 5.9 per cent), and the Melbourne seat of Gellibrand, (15.8 to 8 per cent).
The four electorates with the lowest unemployment were held by the Liberals in Sydney.
Hughes, centred on Sutherland Shire, had the lowest rate, 2.6 per cent, followed by the adjacent electorate of Cook and the northern beaches electorate of Mackellar, both with 2.7 per cent.
Warringah had a jobless rate of 2.9 per cent.
The jobless rate in Mr Howard's electorate of Bennelong is steady at 5 per cent. In Werriwa, south-western Sydney, held by the Opposition Leader, Mark Latham, the jobless rate has dropped from 10.2 per cent to 7.5 per cent since 1996.
The figures showing unemployment rates by electorate as at March this year were prepared by the Federal Parliamentary Library.
Mr Andrews said the figures highlighted the Coalition's strong record of economic management. "When the Howard Government was elected, in March 1996, the unemployment rate was at 8.2 per cent," he said. "Since then more than 1.3 million new jobs have been created, and the national unemployment rate is now 5.6 per cent."
The economy has added more than 200,000 jobs in the past year, and further solid employment growth is expected to continue.


text:
Bateman, Day & Sudeikis Reunite in 'Horrible Bosses 2' Teaser Trailer
by Ethan Anderton
July 1, 2014
Source: YouTube
Following the comedy hit of 2011, Horrible Bosses 2 is on the way now with Jason Bateman, Jason Sudeikis and Charlie Day back together, this time working for themselves with a new business. However, we don't get a hint of that in the first teaser trailer. Instead, we get to see the trio visiting Bateman's boss (Kevin Spacey) in prison after being arrested at the end of the first film. And also the return of Day's boss (Jennifer Aniston), who is still keen on getting some action, but this time of a certain bathroom variety. One thing we do learn is there's a kidnapping involved and Motherfucker Jones (Jamie Foxx) is helping again. It's a great tease for the new comedy coming this fall, with a hint of Chris Pine freshness. Watch!
Here's the first teaser trailer for Sean Anders' Horrible Bosses 2 from Warner Bros. & New Line:
Horrible Bosses 2 is directed be Sean Anders (That's My Boy), who also co-wrote the script with John Anders (both writers of We're the Millers).Fed up with answering to higher-ups, Nick (Jason Bateman), Dale (Charlie Day) and Kurt (Jason Sudeikis) decide to become their own bosses by launching their own business. But a slick investor soon pulls the rug out from under them. Outplayed and desperate, and with no legal recourse, the three would-be entrepreneurs hatch a misguided plan to kidnap the investor's adult son and ransom him to regain control of their company. Chris Pine, Christoph Waltz, Kevin Spacey and Jennifer Aniston also star in the sequel which Warner Bros. Pictures releases on November 26th. Funny stuff?
Follow Alex's main profile on :


text:
Big Story
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Outpost' started by Modeeb, Dec 13, 2012.
BMI is crap.
BMI is a joke for the most part. It doesn't take into count different body types. People with a small build like Tali will be 'normal' at a much different weight. Mo is a good example on the other end. 48" chest and 38" waist with a 29.8 BMI is a lot different than someone with a 38" chest and a 48" waist and a 29.8 BMI. It isn't the raw weight, it is the make up of that weight.
Same for anyone who does serious exercise and weight lifting since muscle is a lot more dense than fat.
I'm considered 'normal' at 6' and 170 with a 23.1BMI, but I still could stand to lose about 10 pounds since I have a small build as well. Body fat percent is a lot better stat to determine if you are overweight or not.
I'm so jacked, I'm almost 'obese'
BMI is a simple guideline but as people are pointing out it is not always suited for certain body types. It can give you a general idea of where you sit in terms of a healthy weight to body size ratio but as I said it is only a simple guideline. A better way to do it is to use callipers to measure body fat and measure waistline etc..
If this guideline slated you as obese and you don't feel you really are then perhaps this is one of those cases where it cannot apply or you simply are a fat fuck in denial..
I have no body mass
the wii fit says im 25.1
You have no icon either. Noob.
these things are beyond stupid....its stupid "general estimate" is that i'm .1 into overweight.....
i have 5% body fat
i will go with.....body fat as an accurate determinate of if i'm overweight or not
Man, some of you turds don't understand what an estimate is apparently. Also, you're all fat.
i could lose a little
but im far from overwheight.
we expect estimates to be somewhat realistic....not like the numbskulls that "estimate" jobs numbers every month
You're trolling, right? Puff puff pass dude, you can't be that stupid.
the point was weight is a terrible measure of obesity...especially considering muscle weighs significantly more than fat....
while .1 is very small....i'm nowhere near anything anyone would consider overweight...much less being overweight by .1. Hell I wouldn't be anywhere near overweight if I had 12% bodyfat
BMI as currently figured is useless ....according that stupid calculation i'd have to weigh 148 pounds to be "normal". I weighed 148 once when i was poor....I was a skeleton. Normal my ass
fat ratio is the best method for determining if someone is obese
here is an npr interview about why it's absurd
You're lying. Or you don't know how to use decimals, I'm not sure which is worse.
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5–24.9
Overweight = 25–29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
If you have to weigh 148lbs to be normal, you're 5'5? That gets you a BMI of 24.6. If you're 5'6, it gets you 25.4, which would put you in the "overweight" category, and it continues from there. Ok shorty, lets pretend you're 5'5, with 5% body fat. If you haven't weighed 148lbs since you were poor, then there's not much of a chance you weigh 151lbs, which would put you at .1 over on the BMI index. Why lie?
Like I said: fatty.
Maybe BMI hurts weightlifters' feelings, but it's a lot easier than dunking every patient in a tank or doing current resistance testing on everyone who walks into the ER. And it correlates reasonably well with cardiovascular risk etc especially at the higher ranges.
Those of you saying it sucks may be misunderstanding its proper application as a metric. It isn't supposed to be an ego booster for primadonnas, like how much you can bench press. It's a quick and straightforward measurement of mass to surface area, which in extreme examples can tell a healthcare professional reading a chart whether someone is cachectic or morbidly obese.
I'd bet if some man walked into the ER with fifty pounds of man tits and hasn't seen his feet in ten years that you wouldn't need a chart.
193, 95, 25.5
Wow, you're almost as much of a midget as muffin_king. That or you just don't know how to do math.
Been from Japan, Yuki seems to have a lot of knowledge about midgets and genocide...probably tentacles too
Is your goat on strike or something? You seem to be posting less lately and seem crabbier.
This match shows why BMI is important!
Did you just spend 10 minutes looking for a video of a croatian competing with a japanese person?
Didn't have to watch too hard, he had 17 matches with people from Japan and won them all
All are on Youtube for your viewing pleasure, btw
WTF are you babbling about? while i did misread I'm not .1 i'm .2 according to the website (25.1) I'm 6'0 tall and weigh 185 pounds.....
put in 6'0 and 148 lbs.....what do you get?! omgooses you get normal!
learn to logic
im 6'0 190
theres no way in hell i could even get to 170, let alone 148.
i have far too much muscle mass to get much below 185
and that thing calls me fat, which i am not.
at 185lb my six pack starts showing nicely
i weighed in just the other day at 196 with 2 pairs of socks, long johns, blue jeans, long sleeve tshirt, short sleeve tshirt, light hoody, lined zipper hoody, and a heavy winter coat.
You said you'd have to weight 148 pounds to be normal.
I think we've established your problem. It isn't that you're a midget or can't do math. You just can't speak English.
Haha, thank you Yuki. I was just going to post that.
Again though, with "5% body fat" ( ), it makes sense you would not be considered "normal." I'm only surprised that you're so close to it.
a post that was made after midnight can be forgiven for mistyping
and i'm not sure what the joke about 5% body fat is....care to explain instead of being a hyena?
26.1 but I'm working on it. I'm at the same weight I retired from the Marines with. When I entered the Marines I was 17.2. My current goal is 22.
Yes, it is not a great gage as different people can be fit but read fat. I know some who had a body-fat in the single digits but BMI had them obese. Others were fat but their BMI had them fit. A lot depends on where the weight is, fat or muscle. Age is also a factor. As a SGTMajor once told me, "God plays a joke on you when you reach 40, he makes you fat."
If you can lose some weight, that means by the very defn of it you're overweight. 25 is the start of overweight so you're not that far over. 30 is obese.
if i lose 5lb my sixpack is showing
at 185lb im fairly ripped, like grounds keeper willy
and still at 25.1
i would have to remove muscle to get below 185
im not going to be healthy below 185 @ 6ft tall with my muscle mass
yet that scale says im still 25.1, or overweight.


text:
Meet Allie and Sarah, sisters from Connecticut who now live in downtown Manhattan. Allie works as a stylist, dreaming up the perfect outfits for photo shoots for major magazines and celebrities, so we were thrilled when she agreed to share her expertise and style her favorite Tuckernuck items for this shoot. Sarah works for the morning news show, Good Day New York, and had been up since 4 AM the day of our photo shoot. We were extra grateful to her for being such a fabulous model.
Their unconventional work schedules allow these two to hang out during the afternoon between photo shoots and after work, so we met up with the girls at Allie's apartment, where Allie mixed items from her own closet with Tuckernuck pieces to pull together original, inspiring outfits for herself and Sarah. We then took a stroll through the West Village to catch some late spring sunshine.
Allie added a cool edge to our Manuel Canovas Bonnie skirt by pairing it with white Converse high tops, a chambray shirt, and our Sorbet Stud necklace. Sarah dressed down our Allover Lace dress with a neon cross body bag and adorable smoking slippers for a feminine, casual afternoon look.


text:
The LPI will convene a workshop on martian meteorite ALH 84001, and the broader issues surrounding its possible evidence of ancient martian life on November 2-4 at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas.
The talks and anticipated discussion will revolve around five themes: "Allan Hills 84001"; "Signs of Life: Biomarkers and Biogenicity"; "Key Research: Life on Earth"; "Key Research: Meteorites and Planetary Geology"; and "Search for Life on Mars." There will be three invited talks on each theme and much time for learned discussion; yours truly has the lead-off talk. All "non-invited" contributors will bring a poster to share their thoughts.
All the talks and posters at this meeting are relevant in one way or another to ALH 84001 and the controversies it has started. All abstracts of talks and posters are on line. I've summarized the abstracts that focused most tightly on ALH 84001. My apologies if your abstract (or your favorite abstract) is not summarized. To read a full abstract from the conference, double-click on the highlighted title, which will connect you to the online abstract in PDF format. To view the abstracts, you need the Adobe Acrobat Reader, which can be downloaded from Adobe.
Abstracts are summarized in the order they appear in the program. References are listed after the summaries. Summaries and a few comments (in italics) are by Allan H. Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Invited Talks
Treiman A. H. Ancient martian life in Allan Hills 84001? Status of some current controversies.
There is no agreement about the formation temperature of the ALH 84001 carbonates, hosts to possible signs of martian biota. Estimates range from ~700°C to ~0°C, with identical data commonly interpreted to mean both high and low T. Treiman feels that the bulk of evidence suggests T < 400°C, with little evidence of whether T was cool enough for life as we know it. McKay et al. (1996) reported organic matter, PAHs, in ALH 84001; that finding has been confirmed. It is not clear, however, if these PAHs are martian or are terrestrial contaminants; most or all of the other organic matter in ALH 84001 is terrestrial. If the PAHs are martian, they could have formed without biology. Bacteria-shaped objects (BSOs) were identified as possible fossilized martian bacteria (McKay et al., 1996), and that claim is disputed. Various BSOs have been claimed to be magnetite crystals, mineral surface irregularities, and artifacts of sample preparation. In addition, Earth bacteria and fungi are now known to inhabit martian meteorites (Steele et al., 1998). The hypothesis that ALH 84001 contains traces of ancient martian biota has not been proved or disproved at this time.
Harvey R. P. Formation of carbonates in Allan Hills 84001 by impact metasomatism: Cooking with gas.
The carbonate globules in ALH 84001, hosts to possible evidence of martian biota, actually formed at ~675°C during the aftermath of an asteroid impact onto Mars (Harvey & McSween, 1996). This impact event produced fluids rich in CO2, which then permeated ALH 84001, deposited the carbonate globules, and cooled within a few minutes or seconds. On entry, the CO2-rich fluid stripped Fe and Mg from olivine and pyroxene in ALH 84001, leaving pyroxene and silica in their stead. Iron and Mg in the fluid then produced the carbonate globules. The carbonates have complex textures at submicrometer scales and show thermal and mechanical effects of shock. Magnetite grains in the carbonates also formed at high temperatures, possibly in the same event that formed the carbonates. The carbonate-forming event was "nearly instantaneous" and does not represent a process at chemical equilibrium.
McKay D. S. Evidence for ancient life in Mars meteorites: Lessons learned.
The controversy and continuing research about ALH 84001 teach important lessons for Mars sample return and the search for life in the solar system. (1) Martian meteorites can be extraordinarily complicated, and there is no reason to suspect that returned martian samples will be less so. Robotic instruments landed on Mars could not have found or collected any of the evidence presented on either side of the controversy. (2) Our understanding of biomarkers is inadequate. (3) Our ability to determine ages for secondary events in rocks is inadequate. (4) It is difficult to prove or disprove a hypothesis built on circumstantial evidence. Proposers of a hypothesis may have the moral obligation to prove (or refute it), but not necessarily the responsibility to do so.
Allan Hills 84001 Posters
Bodnar R. J. Fluid inclusions in Allan Hills 84001 and other martian meteorites: Evidence for volatiles on Mars.
One of the critical issues in formation of the carbonates in ALH 84001 (and their putative signs of martian life) is the composition of the fluids that formed them. In ALH 84001, Dr. Bodnar has found inclusions of fluid that appear to have formed early in the rock's history. The inclusions consist of clear liquid and vapor bubbles, which are in rapid Brownian motion. By optical examination the liquid and vapor appear to both be CO2. This inference is consistent with scenarios in which the ALH 84001 carbonates form at high temperatures from fluid rich in CO2 (Harvey and McSween, 1996).
Borg L. E., Nyquist L. E., Shih C.-Y., Wiesmann H., Reese Y., and Connelly J. N. Rubidium-strontium formation age of Allan Hills carbonates.
Rubidium-strontium age dating of carbonate minerals in ALH 84001 shows that they formed 3.90 or 3.85 + 0.04 billion years ago (depending on which half-life one uses for radioactive Rb). The authors derived this age by acid leaching a sample of ALH 84001 in successively stronger acids, dissolving the carbonates in order of their susceptibility to acid attack (dolomite, siderite, magnesite). Analyses of the purest of these leaches gave the age date. The carbonates formed ~600 million years after ALH 84001 crystallized from magma, and at about the same time as the impact event dated by K-Ar and some Rb-Sr analyses. The similarity in the timing of impact and carbonate formation suggests they may be related, but not necessarily that the carbonates formed at high temperature during the impact.
Brearley A. J. Rare K-bearing mica in Allan Hills 84001: Additional constraints on carbonate formation.
This is the first confirmed sighting of a martian, water-bearing mineral in ALH 84001; earlier reports of clay minerals did not show that they were martian (Thomas-Keprta et al., 1997). Using transmission electron microscopy, Dr. Brearley found small grains of a layer silicate mineral (water bearing) inside a fragment of a carbonate globule. The grains are martian because they are cut off by, and decomposed against, the silicate glass that encloses the carbonate fragment. The silicate glass formed on Mars, so the water-bearing silicate must have also. Dr. Brearley identifies the mineral as illite, a mica mineral, and suggests that it grew at the same time as the surrounding carbonates. Illite forms only at temperatures below ~300°C, and the structural perfection of the ALH 84001 illite grains suggests that they formed above ~100°C.
Flynn G. J., Keller L. P., Jacobsen C., and Wirick S. Organic carbon in carbonate and rim from Allan Hills 84001.
To supplement their previous observations of organic carbon in the ALH 84001 carbonate globules, the authors prepared another sample of globule for XANES analysis (X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure). XANES allows estimation of the abundance of carbon-bearing and organic matter, and determination of how the carbon atoms are bonded. As before, X-ray absorption features can be ascribed to organic carbon (confirmed by infrared spectroscopy). Globule rims have more organic carbon (compared to carbonate) than do the globule cores -- the rims' organic carbon is concentrated in hot spots but never without carbonate. So, the organic carbon and carbonate are intimately mixed on scales of ~100 nm in the rim. The same XANES absorption feature are seen in the rims and cores of globules, indicating that both contain the same type(s) of organic matter. A different type of organic matter is seen in areas rich in feldspathic glass and chromite.
Ksanfomality L. V. The structure of findings in the Allan Hills 84001 may hint at their inorganic origin.
Dr. Ksanfomality suggests that some of the bacteria-shaped objects (BSO) cited by McKay et al. (1996) in ALH 84001 may have inorganic origins. The swarm of BSOs in McKay's Figure 6b [I think this is the figure they refer to] are all the same size, which terrestrial bacteria are not. The fossil "worm" in another McKay et al. image is similar to abiogenic mineral structures found in granitic pegmatites -- a purely igneous, high-temperature environment.
Scott E. R. D. Biogenic or abiogenic origin of carbonate-magnetite-sulfide assemblages in martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001.
Dr. Scott compares the carbonate globules of ALH 84001 with terrestrial analogs, and concludes that "Arguments for a biogenic origin . . . are absent or weak." Of the submicron magnetite grains in the ALH carbonates, all but the bullet-shaped grains are known to form inorganically. Whisker magnetites (with central screw dislocations) and ribbon magnetites are unlikely to be bacterial. Dr. Scott sees no reasonable explanation for finding magnetite from magnetotactic bacteria in an igneous rock like ALH 84001, and concentrated uniformly into double shells at the edges of carbonate globules. Sulfide grains found in the ALH 84001 carbonates cannot be distinguished from inorganic precipitates, and are not found in magnetotactic bacteria. Nor are the ALH 84001 carbonate globules comparable to bacterially precipitated (or induced) carbonate aggregates.
However, abiogenic low-temperature precipitates of carbonate-magnetite-sulfide in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites are not comparable to those in ALH 84001. Dr. Scott favors a high-temperature origin, with globules crystallizing rapidly from carbonate-rich melts.
Scott E. R. D. and Krot A. N. Origin of carbonate in martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001.
The authors argue that the ALH 84001 carbonate globules formed as crystallized carbonate-rich magma, originally produced in a high-temperature impact event. (1) The carbonates and feldspathic glasses in fractures have essentially the same shapes and spatial distributions, and so they likely formed in the same way. As the glasses reflect melting at T > 1200°C, so were the carbonates melted. (2) The carbonates cannot have formed by replacement of earlier minerals, involving either gas or water, because replacement cannot explain the lack of aluminosilicate replacement minerals and the association of carbonate and feldspathic glass. (3) In addition, carbonate masses in cracks are actually lenticular, not pancake-shaped, which can be explained as the fractures closing during carbonate growth. Before being melted, the original carbonates in ALH 84001 were probably formed at low temperature, perhaps as evaporite deposits. This model does not explain the chemical zoning of the globules, but experimental data on relevant systems are lacking.
Shearer C. K. and Adcock C. A comparison between sulfide assemblages in martian meteorites Allan Hills 84001 and Governador Valadares.
The authors are studying the forms and S-isotopic compositions of the sulfide minerals pyrite and pyrrhotite in martian meteorites ALH 84001 and Governador Valadares (GV; a nakhlite). Pyrite is dominant in ALH 84001 and occurs as inclusions in pyroxene (also pyrrhotite), large aggregates (with pyrrhotite), small irregular grains with carbonates, very irregular grains in shock glass, and submicrometer grains in carbonate. This wide range of textures and equally wide range of S-isotopic compositions suggests that the ALH sulfides formed in a number of separate events, modified by post-magmatic heating/impacts. In contrast, sulfides in GV are present only as minute grains in and among pyroxene crystals; the pyrrhotite is probably magmatic and has restricted range of S-isotopic compositions.
Shearer C. K. and Brearley A. Evidence for a late-stage thermal overprint in Allan Hills 84001 and implications for biomarkers.
Allan Hills 84001 has had a complex history that must be properly decoded to evaluate putative evidence for possible martian life. The authors document evidence for a high-temperature thermal pulse after formation of the carbonate masses. (1) The globules are disrupted and veined by feldspathic shock glass. Carbonate globules are commonly broken along their cleavage planes and transported in the feldspathic melt. (2) Olivine grains in the meteorite's orthopyroxene are only found near carbonate globules and fractures that contain disrupted carbonate globules. This suggests that the olivine is related to the carbonates, yet it preserves chemical and isotopic compositions indicating high-temperature equilibrium with the surrounding orthopyroxene. (3) Sheet silicates in the carbonate globules are truncated and decomposed at their boundaries with feldspathic glass (Brearley, this meeting). The authors suggest that orthopyroxene, olivine, and chromite achieved chemical equilibrium at 850°-900°C in this post-carbonate event. Injection of feldspathic melts into carbonates requires even higher temperatures, >1000°C. This high-temperature history explains the presence of elongate "whisker" magnetites in the carbonates, and may explain the range of O-isotopic compositions of the carbonates through progressive decarbonation. [Much of this evidence for a late shock has been given elsewhere, and the proposed timing of the high-temperature equilibration is at variance with earlier theories. I suspect this poster will be controversial.]
Stephan T., Rost D., Heiss C. H., Jessberger E. K., and Greshake A. The lateral distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Allan Hills 84001: Implications for their origin.
Among the lines of evidence cited by McKay et al. (1996) for martian biologic activity in ALH 84001 was the presence of organic molecules, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), associated with the meteorite's carbonate globules. The authors continue their analyses for PAHs in ALH 84001 by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), which has much tighter spatial resolution than McKay's method. The authors find that the PAHs are nearly everywhere in ALH 84001 at low abundance levels, but they are less abundant in the carbonate globules! Polished sections (as they use) are inherently more susceptible to contamination, but the authors found that no detectable PAHs on a polished surface of a different meteorite prepared with the same methods. It seems likely that the authors are seeing the same mix of PAH molecules as did McKay et al. (1996), but not the concentration in carbonate globules. The organic material detected by Flynn et al. in the carbonate globule rims may not be PAHs.
van der Bogert C. H. and Schultz P. H. High strain-rate deformation and friction melting as a possible origin for "shock" features in Allan Hills 84001.
Allan Hills 84001 experienced a complex history of deformation and thermal events, all of which have been ascribed to shock metamorphism from asteroid impacts on Mars. The authors make a distinction between the high pressure of shock metamorphism and intense deformation, which can occur without high pressure. ALH 84001 contains few direct signs of the high pressure of shock metamorphism (> 20 GPa). ALH 84001 contains no high-pressure minerals (e.g., ringwoodite, stishovite); its feldspathic glass is not the high-pressure maskelynite but a "normal" glass. Lacking firm signs of high shock pressures, the authors suggest that rapid ("high-strain-rate") deformation caused many of the textural features in ALH 84001, like signs of shearing and folding and finely broken mineral grains (i.e., cataclasis). Identical textures are found on Earth in fault zones and around impact craters. [I think the point here is that asteroid impacts can cause intense deformation without extremely high pressures, and the intense deformation is not "shock metamorphism."]
Warren P. H. The common ion effect in deposition of martian (e.g., Allan Hills 84001) carbonates.
"The most plausible model for origin of the carbonates in ALH 84001 involves deposition from a playa lake or zone of groundwater . . ." (Warren, 1998). A problem for this type of model is the absence of sulfate minerals in ALH 84001. In solutions dominated by cations Mg+2 and Fe2+, carbonates are less soluble than sulfates, and common ion effects would delay the precipitation of sulfate minerals even further. Thus, only carbonate minerals should precipitate from moderately concentrated solutions (e.g., groundwater in pores in rock), and sulfates would not precipitate until the waters became extremely concentrated, as at the martian surface in a playa lake.
Wentworth S. J., Thomas-Keprta K. L., and McKay D. S. Alteration products and secondary minerals in martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001.
The authors examined ALH 84001 to characterize its weathering products, both terrestrial and preterrestrial, aside from the carbonate globules. ALH 84001 was weathered very little inside or outside. The fusion crust shows traces of typical Antarctic minerals: Ca- and Mg-sulfates, NaCl, and silica. However, these minerals are not present inside the meteorite (farther than 200 µm). The most abundant weathering effects inside ALH 84001 involve dissolution, pitting of carbonates and etching of pyroxene. Traces of smectite clay are associated with pyroxene. Blade-shaped crystals of an Mg-carbonate [hydromagnesite or nesquehonite?] and patches rich in Fe and S (weathered pyrite?) are also present. It is not known if these interior effects represent terrestrial or pre-terrestrial weathering.
Signs of Life: Biomarkers and Biogenicity Posters
Friedmann E. I., Wierzchos J., and Ascaso C. Chains of magnetite crystals in Allan Hills 84001: Evidence of biological origin.
Previously, submicrometer-sized magnetite crystals in ALH 84001 have been likened to crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria on Earth. These bacteria produce chains of magnetite crystals to help them align themselves with the Earth's magnetic field. The authors report having found numerous chains of magnetite crystals in ALH 84001, similar to those chains formed by Earth bacteria. The authors imaged polished sections in back-scattered-electron mode in a scanning electron microscope. Chains of magnetite crystals occur in the carbonate masses; chains comprise up to 15 magnetite crystals in a row. Individually, the crystals are parallelepipeds or irregular grains 30-90 nm long and 20-50 nm wide. These shapes and sizes are common among terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria. In one chain, the individual magnetite crystals are >200 nm each in length. The authors suggest that the dead remains of martian magnetotactic bacteria were suspended in carbonate-rich fluid, on Mars, flushed into the rock, and deposited with (and in) the carbonate masses. All terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria are anaerobic, which would be consistent with their survival on early Mars.
Garcia-Ruiz J. M. Biomimetic but abiotic carbonates: New geochemical markers for primitive environments.
Interpretation of morphological features in ALH 84001 as biogenic structures relies on the idea that inorganic mineral deposits do not form in shapes, sizes, and symmetries like those produced by life. However, complex inorganic shapes that look like biological structures can be made in the laboratory without any life present. Carbonate minerals grown in silica-rich alkaline brines form unusual, bizarre shapes that seem to mimic biology (thus 'biomimetic'). Similar biomimetic shapes of silica can grow under alkaline conditions, such as might have been possible in the early histories of the Earth and Mars.
Gibson E. K. Jr., McKay D. S., Thomas-Keprta K., Westall F., and Romanek C. A. How do the properties of Allan Hills 84001 compare with accepted criteria for evidence of ancient life?
The authors give eight criteria which should be met for general acceptance of evidence for past life in a geological sample. (1) The geological context of ALH8 4001 is compatible with life, as it comes from a place (Mars) where liquid water was present. (2) The age and geologic setting of ALH 84001 are known well enough; its carbonates formed 4.0 billion years ago in the martian highlands, which are known to have hosted liquid water at that time. (3) ALH 84001 contains evidence of cellular mophologies. Although nonbiological explanations have been offered for some of bacteria-shaped objects, many are consistent with a biological origin. (4) ALH 84001 may contain evidence of biotic colonial or community structures in its possible biofilm structures (McKay et al., 1997). (5) ALH 84001 contains possible biominerals and evidence for biogenic chemical disequilibria) in the form of the magnetite crystals in its carbonate globules. These magnetites are indistinguishable from biogenic (magnetotactic) magnetites. (6) ALH 84001 contains isotopic signatures suggestive of biologic activity, in that its carbon-isotopic compositions are "in the direction of known biogenic carbon signatures." (7) ALH 84001 contains organic biomarkers in the form of its PAHs. [8] The above signatures are truly indigenous to the meteorite.
Some of the criteria are close to being satisfied ([5], [7], [8]) and others are not completely satisfied ([1], [4]). No one of these criteria has been completely violated by published data.
Thomas-Keprta K. L., Bazylinski D. A., Wentworth S. J., McKay D. S., Golden D. C., Gibson E. K. Jr. and Romanek C. S. Mineral biomarkers in martian meteorite ALH84001?
The authors extracted thousands of submicrometer magnetite grains from ALH 84001 by dissolving carbonate globules in acid. The magnetites come in three shapes: whiskers, irregular grains, and elongate prisms. Only 6% of the magnetites were whiskers, with length/width >3.67% of the magnetites are irregular (including cuboidal and teardrop grains). 27% of the magnetites are elongate hexagonal prisms with length/width <2.6, and nearly all have length/width between 1 and 2. The elongate prism magnetites are identical to those produced by some specific terrestrial bacteria: size, high chemical purity, length/width ratio, elongation along crystallographic direction (111), hexagonal cross section, and rectangular outline when viewed perpendicular to the elongation. No known inorganic magnetites share these features, so the elongate prism magnetites are viewed "...as likely evidence for primitive life on early Mars."
Zolotov M. Yu. and Shock E. L. Abiotic synthesis of hydrocarbons on Mars: Theoretical modeling of metastable equilibria.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in ALH 84001 by McKay et al. (1996) and inferred to be traces of martian biota. Anders (1996), however, suggested that the same PAHs might have formed inorganically. Here the authors evaluate Anders' idea by modeling chemical equilibria among likely gases and organic molecules at temperatures and pressures relevant for Mars. Under highly oxidizing conditions in fluids (HM buffer) or with martian soil/regolith, organic molecules are not stable. Under reducing conditions like those in the martian meteorites (QFM buffer), hydrocarbons can form at temperatures below about 180°C. Lower temperatures and lower abundances of oxygen gas (higher pressures of hydrogen gas) increases the yield of hydrocarbons, both PAHs and alkanes (non-aromatic hydrocarbons). In addition, higher temperatures and slightly higher abundances of oxygen favor production of PAHs from other hydrocarbons. On Mars, the abundance of basaltic rocks would favor low oxygen abundances and high hydrogen abundances in groundwater and in volcanic systems. Under these conditions, PAHs could readily be formed without the action of biology. However, the oxidizing conditions observed in the martian soil do not favor formation of PAHs.
Key Research: Life on Earth Posters
Thomas-Keprta K. L., McKay D. S., Wentworth S. J., Stevens T. O., Taunton A. E., Allen C. C., Gibson E. K. Jr. and Romanek C. S. Mineralization of bacteria in terrestrial basaltic rocks: Comparison with possible biogenic features in martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001.
Little is known about the preservation of micro-organisms in igneous rocks. Rocks from the Columbia River Basalts (CRB) do contain indigenous bacteria, so the authors studied their preservation and mineralization (fossilization) by growing some under controlled conditions. Chips of fresh basalt cultured in sterile solutions showed no bacteria-shaped objects or possible cellular appendages. However, chips of the same basalt inoculated with CRB bacteria had bacteria-shaped objects of three types: (1) oval forms with smooth surfaces, 1-2.5 µm long, made mostly of iron, manganese, and oxygen with a little phosphorus; (2) oval forms of the same size with rough surfaces of thousands of thread-like filaments of the iron hydroxide hydrate mineral ferrihydrite, with some detectable phosphorus; and (3) tubular forms 0.3-2.4 µm long with a single filament at one end, composed mostly of carbon, oxygen (and hydrogen), and sodium, with traces of phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur. In addition, objects like type 3 filaments were found - they are made of ferrihydrite. Type 3 objects are cells. Types 1 and 2 objects are hollow, 'fossilized' bacteria with no sign of internal structures. These results suggest that bacteria in basaltic rocks can become mineralized rapidly and lose detectable internal structures on the timescales of laboratory experiments. Although these experiments do not show that bacteria-shaped objects in ALH 84001 are fossilized bacteria, they do show a plausible way of forming the observed features from bacteria.
References: See the ALH papers Web site for more on most of these references.
Harvey R. P. and McSween H. Y. Jr. (1996) A possible high-temperature origin for the carbonates in the martian meteorite ALH 84001. Nature 382, 49-51.
McKay D. S., Gibson E. K. Jr., Thomas-Keprta K. L., Vali H., Romanek C. S., Clemett S. J., Chillier X. D. F., Maechling C. R., and Zare R. N. (1996) Search for past life on Mars: Possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH 84001. Science 273, 924-930.
McKay D. S., Gibson E. K., Thomas-Keprta K., Romanek C. S., and Allen C. C. (1997) Possible biofilms in ALH 84001. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXVIII, 919-920.
Steele A., Goddard D. T., Toporski J. K. W., Stapleton D., Wynn-Williams D. D., and McKay D. (1998) Terrestrial contamination of an Antarctic chondrite (abstract). Meteor. Planet. Sci. 33, A149.
Thomas-Keprta K. L., Romanek C. S., Wentworth S. J., McKay D. S., Fisler D., Golden D. C., and Gibson E. K. (1997) TEM analysis of fine-grained minerals in the carbonate globules of martian meteorite ALH 84001 (abstract). Lunar. Planet Sci. XXVIII, 1433-1434.
Warren P. H. (1998) Petrologic evidence for low-temperature, possibly flood evaporitic origin of carbonates in the ALH 84001 meteorite. Jour. Geophys. Res. 103, 16759-16773.


text:
4 Comments
Editor rating : 8
Price: 34,999
Editor rating : 8
Price: 30,990
Editor rating : 7.5
Price: 12,999
Editor rating : 8
Price: 336,000
Editor rating : 8
Price: 27,980
Tech2 Rating
At the Made by Google event which took place in October, Google announced two new phones. Unlike their regular Nexus phones, these were two phones made completely by Google – the Pixel and Pixel XL. While HTC is the OEM for the Pixel devices, the hardware and software control lies with the Mountain View company.
Pixel signifies a new chapter in Google's phone history. So far, Google had the Nexus line which was made in collaboration with partners such as HTC, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Huawei. Google had limited or no control over the hardware and had to optimise its Android OS to suit the hardware in order to provide the best stock Android experience. But something always seemed amiss.
Pixel's birth also meant the end of the road for the Nexus line. Also with Pixel, Google has departed from the mid-range segment and entered the premium segment. A rarefied atmosphere where the likes of Apple iPhones and Samsung Galaxies rule. Or do they? Let us find out with the Pixel XL.
Build and Design: 7.5 / 10
First things first. Yes, the Pixel XL does resemble an iPhone on first glance. This was reiterated by every other person who first set eyes on the sleeping Pixel XL. But considering it is made by HTC, some resemblance with the HTC 10, when you see the edges, is also noticeable. It comes in three colour colour variants which have interesting names: Quite Black, Very Silver and Really Blue. I am testing the Very Silver variant.
iPhone resemblance aside, it doesn't take away from the fact that Pixel XL is a good looking phone which feels sturdy. The phone's metal frame is flat, but the corners have a rounded edge. The ribbed power standby button and the plain volume rocker buttons are on the right and the nano SIM card tray is on the left. There isn't any sort of sharp edge on the phone as such, apart from the very minor drop off from where the display meets the frame. Google has gone with a glass and metal design on the rear side, instead of having a unibody design, as is the norm in the premium segment. The only reason I can think of is that the glass top gives a better grip than the slippery metal back. Online forums speculate that it is meant for better signal reception and also assist with NFC. Visually, I don't find it that appealing. Your opinion may differ.
The pearly white glass section on the rear side is slightly raised from the plane of the metal. It ensures that there is no camera bump, as the 12MP camera on the top left hand corner is flush with the surface. There is a circular finger print scanner in the lower half of the glass area. The antenna line is visible on the lower metallic half as well as three in the top half.
From the front, there is nothing extraordinary about the design. The rear does make the Pixel XL recognisable. Maybe that was Google's idea. The design is functional. It measures around 7.3mm thick around the base and 8.6mm at the top and weighs around 168 gm, making it lighter than the iPhone 7 Plus. It is IP53 certified. That means there is dust protection but it's not waterproof.
Features: 8 / 10
Google has kept the internals of both the Pixel and Pixel XL intact. The phones run on Qualcomm's flagship Snapdragon 821 chipset – which is also the chipset required to ensure the phone is Daydream VR ready. The Snapdragon 821 chipset houses a quad-core processor with two custom Kryo cores clocked at 2.15GHz and two Kryo cores clocked at 1.6GHz. These are paired with Adreno 530 graphics solution. There is 4GB of fast LPDDR4 RAM onboard. In terms of storage you get two variants – 32GB and 128GB. We got the 32GB variant for testing out of which the available storage space was 29.7GB.
It runs stock Android 7.1 Nougat OS which we will discuss in detail in the software section. There is a 5.5-inch display with QuadHD resolution which gives a respectable pixel density on the phone. In terms of connectivity, you get a single nano SIM card tray. There is support for 4G VoLTE, Wi-fi 802.11ac, Bluetooth 4.2, GPS with A-GPS and GLONASS, NFC. It lacks FM Radio. As for sensors, you have the proximity sensor which is conspicuous by its presence under the earpiece speaker on the Very Silver's white front portion.
The Google Pixel XL sports a 12.3MP rear camera with f/2.0 aperture and a front-facing shooter with f/2.2 aperture. The PixelXL comes with a 3450mAh Li-ion non-removable battery. It is accompanied with a 5V/3A or 9V/2A adapter which has a USB Type C input.
Publish date: November 8, 2016 9:18 am| Modified date: November 9, 2016 9:36 am
Android 7.1 Nougat, Android Nougat, assistant, Google Assistant, Google Pixel, Google Pixel XL, Google Pixel XL battery, Google Pixel XL camera, Google Pixel XL India launch, Google Pixel XL India price, Google Pixel XL performance, Google Pixel XL Review, Google Pixel XL value for money, Pixel, Pixel XL, Snapdragon 821
Find More Products
Google Pixel XL review: Elevating the Nexus experience; but dearly priced
Rate This Product
LATEST Reviews
Huawei Honor 8 Pro review: A feature packed mid-ranger that challenges the OnePlus 5
LAPTOP Reviews
Acer TravelMate P449 review: A sensible, understated design marred by a poor display unit
Asus ROG Strix GL553VE laptop review: A well-designed powerhouse
Jul 22, 2017
Jul 22, 2017
Jun 05, 2017
Jul 22, 2017
Jul 22, 2017
SMARTPHONE Reviews
Samsung Galaxy A5 (2017) review: A well-built phone that lives or dies by Samsung Pay
Asus ZenFone 3 Laser Review: Borderline decent smartphone, with an unfortunate price tag


text:
Dr Kerry Mullan
Dr Kerry Mullan is a Senior Lecturer and Convenor of Language Studies in the School of Global, Urban and Social Studies.
Research interests
- Cross-cultural communication
- Interactional style
- Discourse analysis
- Pragmatics
- Second language acquisition
- Collaborative and peer learning
- Learning and Teaching in Higher Education
- Humour
- 2014: Visiting scholarship October 2015, funded by Université Paul-Valéry (Montpellier 3)
- 2012: Travel grant, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) / French Embassy
- 2011: Visiting scholarship June 2011, funded by Région Languedoc-Roussillon
- 2011: Travel grant, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) / French Embassy
- 2005: La Trobe University School of Communication, Arts and Critical Enquiry (CACE) / Linguistics Program travel grant
- 2001 – 2005: Australian Postgraduate Research Award Scholarship
- 2012: Dean's Award for Teaching Excellence and Outstanding Contribution to the Development of the Diploma of Languages, School of GSSSP, RMIT University
- 2011: ALTC Citation for Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning
- 2010: Teaching Excellence Award, Higher Education (Humanities and the Arts), RMIT University
- 2010: Teaching Excellence Award, School of GSSSP, RMIT University
- 2009: Teaching Excellence Award, School of GSSSP, RMIT University
- 2007: Outstanding PhD Thesis Award, La Trobe University
- 2006, Cultural differences in the expression of opinion: a comparison of interactional strategies in French and Australian English discourse. PhD thesis, Department of Linguistics, La Trobe University
- 2000, How the French get engaged: an analysis of French interactional style. Honours thesis, Department of Linguistics, La Trobe University
Research supervision
- 2012: Internationalising Tourism Education in Vietnam: an Evaluation of the Work-Integrated Learning Process in Tourism Training Programs (second supervisor)
- 2011: Politeness and Requests in Contemporary Arabic: a case study of Adult Saudi women (second supervisor)
- Coordinator, Language Studies
- Senior Lecturer, French Language Courses
- Member, Centre for Global Research
- School of Global, Urban and Social Studies / RMIT EU Centre representative
Certificate IV in Training and Assessment, RMIT University 2009 (updated 2012)
Graduate Certificate in University Teaching, University of Melbourne 2009
Certificate IV in Training and Assessment, RMIT University 2009
PhD (Linguistics), La Trobe University 2006
BA (Hons), La Trobe University 2000
RSA Cambridge Certificate Course in TEFLA (Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults), International House Hastings, UK 1994
Member of editorial committee
Professional interests
Melbourne Salon: French & Australian Dialogues
The Melbourne Salon is a joint venture between RMIT University, the Institute for the Study of French-Australian Relations and the Alliance Française de Melbourne.
It is a place where curious and open-minded people can engage in French-Australian cross-cultural dialogues. Talks will usually be in English; you may participate in the subsequent discussions in French or English.
The Melbourne Salon aims to:
- broaden understanding of French and Australian perspectives on contemporary topics through conversation, debate and discussion
- draw participants from a wide range of backgrounds: parents, teachers, academics, journalists, writers, musicians, educationalists and others who share an interest in discussing ideas in a convivial atmosphere
Other professional interests
- AALITRA (Australian Association for Literary Translation)
- AFM (Alliance Francaise de Melbourne)
- ALAA (The Applied Linguistics Association of Australia)
- AFLS (Association for French Language Studies)
- AFTV (Association of French Teachers in Victoria)
- ASFS (Australian Society for French Studies)
- Australian Linguistic Society
- FACCI (French-Australian Chamber of Commerce & Industry)
- FATFA (The Federation of Associations of Teachers of French in Australia)
- FFRAME (Forum Francophone de Recherche à Melbourne)
- Centre for Global Research
- HERDSA (Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia)
- IPrA (International Pragmatics Association)
- ISFAR (Institute for the Study of French-Australian Relations)
- Language and Society Centre
- LCNAU (Languages and Cultures Network for Australian Universities)
- Melbourne Discourse Group
- MLTAV (Modern Language Teachers' Association of Victoria)
- Beal, C.,Mullan, K. (2017). The pragmatics of conversational humour in social visits: French and Australian English In: Language and Communication, 55, 24 - 40
- Mullan, K. (2017). Et pis bon, ben alors voila quoi! Teaching those pesky discourse markers In: International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 11, 271 - 282
- Mullan, K. (2015). Taking French interactional style into the classroom In: System, 48, 35 - 47
- Edwards, C.,Mullan, K. (2015). Migration of young French professionals to Australia In: The French Australian Review, 57, 71 - 95
- De St Leger, D.,Mullan, K. (2014). 'A good all-round French workout' or 'a massive stress'?: Perceptions of group work among tertiary learners of French In: System, 44, 115 - 126
- Mullan, K.,Seaman, M. (2014). The diploma of languages meets AQF 'compliance' In: Proceedings of the Second National LCNAU Colloquium, Canberra, Australia, 3-5 July 2013
- Mullan, K.,Absalom, M. (2014). Making films in French and Italian: A collaborative approach to language learning In: Proceedings of the Second National LCNAU Colloquium, Canberra, Australia, 3-5 July 2013
- Beal, C.,Mullan, K. (2013). Issues in conversational humour from a cross-cultural perspective: Comparing French and Australian corpora In: Cross-culturally Speaking, Speaking Cross-culturally, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, United Kingom
- Mullan, K. (2012). Saying what you think: an analysis of French and Australian English non-native speaker expression of subjectivity. In: Subjectivity in Language and in Discourse, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, United Kingdom
- Mullan, K.,Chaves Solis, S.,Chen, G.,Demiraki, m.,Li, L.,White, B. (2012). Language mentoring programs at RMIT University In: The Next Step: Introducing the Languages and Cultures Network for Australian Universities. Selected Proceedings of the Inaugural LCNAU Colloquium 2011, Melbourne, Australia, 26 - 28 September 2011
- Humour in social interactions in French and English. Funded by: Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Grant pre-2014 from (2012 to 2013)
- Humour in social interactions in French and English. Funded by: Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Grant pre-2014 from (2011 to 2011)
2 PhD Completions4 PhD Current Supervisions


text:
APG-L ArchivesArchiver > APG > 2007-12 > 1197000337
Subject: Re: [APG] Ethical Membership
Date: Thu, 06 Dec 2007 22:05:37 -0600
I'm a newbie, a lurker, an aspiring professional who joined this organization
and this list to learn. Clearly something has happened of urgent concern to Ms.
Sanborn. I haven't the faintest idea what it is, or what the facts are. My
silence until now has been one of respect and ignorance, not apathy. I'm still
respectful and still ignorant, and like Mr. Butler, I find the tenor of much of
this discussion troubling.
Suppose that I emailed this list, saying, "What if Donald Lines Jacobus
fabricated a pedigree in Families of Old Fairfield and then blackmailed the
person who found it out?"
Would you believe that I was just proposing to discuss an abstract ethical
principle? Of course not. I would be making an inflammatory accusation
disguised as a hypothetical question. Furthermore, because it's vague and only
implied, it's an accusation that Mr. Jacobus, if he were still with us,
couldn't possibly refute. If he tried, he would simply be giving my
inflammatory accusation credence it hadn't earned.
Lacking information about Ms. Sanborn's grievance, I'm forced to fall back on
general principles: if there's a problem in the group, follow the normal
procedures for dealing with it until you're sure they are broken. If the normal
procedures really are broken, and the matter is grave, then speak out fully and
freely to the whole group. Don't mince words. Make the case that a grave
offense has occurred, so that those accused of overreaching can respond
concretely, with evidence pro and con. (Of course this isn't ideal, but we're
envisioning a situation where the proper channels aren't working and the wrong
is serious.)
>From where I sit, veiled hypotheticals are a halfway measure between silence
and full disclosure -- a halfway measure that combines the worst of both
worlds, spreading a cloud of vague suspicion and generalized distrust that may
well linger after the matter itself is settled. Surely either silence or full
disclosure would serve us all better than trying to divine which hypothetical
might be real and what it might refer to. Darn it, this was time I could have
been studying Evidence Explained!
Harold Henderson
>Message: 10
>Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2007 21:24:29 -0500
>From: "Jack Butler" <>
>Subject: Re: [APG] Ethical Membership
>To: <>
>Message-ID: <>
>Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
>Personally, I would have preferred a well laid out presentation of your
>concerns. There is little doubt in my mind, especially after this last
>post, that you intended for people to believe that your "hypotheticals" were
>thinly disguised references to real events involving currently serving
>officers. That troubles me. I dislike theatrics and have little patience
>for them - especially theatrics with the potential for casting undeserved
>aspersion on serving volunteer officers.
>If you have accusations to make concerning inappropriate behavior, I would
>prefer that you make them directly - preferably through the proper protocols
>and procedures.
>If you wish to discuss the kinds of powers that our Board and especially our
>EC have, or that they should or should not have, I have little doubt that
>you can get a discussion going on that topic without the suggestive
>Jack Butler
This thread:


text:
FDG-PET changes in brain glucose metabolism from normal cognition to pathologically verified Alzheimer's disease
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Citations
- 1.3k Downloads
We report the first clinicopathological series of longitudinal FDG-PET scans in post-mortem (PM) verified cognitively normal elderly (NL) followed to the onset of Alzheimer's-type dementia (DAT), and in patients with mild DAT with progressive cognitive deterioration.
Four NL subjects and three patients with mild DAT received longitudinal clinical, neuropsychological and dynamic FDG-PET examinations with arterial input functions. NL subjects were followed for 13 ± 5 years, received FDG-PET examinations over 7 ± 2 years, and autopsy 6 ± 3 years after the last FDG-PET. Two NL declined to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and two developed probable DAT before death. DAT patients were followed for 9 ± 3 years, received FDG-PET examinations over 3 ± 2 years, and autopsy 7 ± 1 years after the last FDG-PET. Two DAT patients progressed to moderate-to-severe dementia and one developed vascular dementia.
The two NL subjects who declined to DAT received a PM diagnosis of definite AD. Their FDG-PET scans indicated a progression of deficits in the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) from the hippocampus to the parietotemporal and posterior cingulate cortices. One DAT patient showed AD with diffuse Lewy body disease (LBD) at PM, and her last in vivo PET was indicative of possible LBD for the presence of occipital as well as parietotemporal hypometabolism.
Progressive CMRglc reductions on FDG-PET occur years in advance of clinical DAT symptoms in patients with pathologically verified disease. The FDG-PET profiles in life were consistent with the PM diagnosis.


text:
Acetic acid China prices, markets & analysis
ICIS price reporting for regional Acetic acid markets is unparalleled in its ability to keep you on top of the information you need.
Our network of price reporters delivers direct and regular insights into the local markets they work in.
Use ICIS information to:
- Inform your internal data models
- Substantiate your position in negotiations
- Set terms for settlements and contracts
Our products
Acetic acid news and market information products from ICIS
We offer the following regional Acetic acid coverage to keep you informed of factors and developments affecting prices in the China Acetic acid marketplace.
Price reporting
Price Reporting – More information about the price reports we publish on Acetic acid
Independent price assessments and market coverage
Price history
Price History – More information about the historical price data we publish on Gas
Track historical price data
News & analysis
News & Analysis - News & market analysis specifically relating to Acetic acid
Breaking news of latest developments affecting the markets.
Insight and analysis of factors driving prices.
Regional overview
Regional overview
Updated to Q4 2016
China acetic acid prices have been on an uptrend in the fourth quarter of 2016 on tight supply and increasing feedstock prices.
Some Chinese producers cut plant operating rates in the third quarter due to a lack of profitability, and commercial inventory decreased in October. Meanwhile, China coal prices kept increasing sharply. According to ICIS China data, the average price of 5,500 calorie Qinhuangdao coal in October was Chinese yuan (CNY)630/tonne, a month-on-month increase of CNY87/tonne.
As a result, acetic acid producers lifted offers after the National Day holiday. Ex-tank East China prices were CNY2,200-2,450/tonne on 8 October and closed at CNY2,550-2,800/tonne on 31 October.
Prices kept climbing during November and December on an improved export market and domestic downstream sectors. Ethyl acetate and chloroacetic acid especially showed stronger demand in the fourth quarter. At the same time, prices of coal and methanol were firmer.
Ex-tank East China prices closed at CNY2,900-3,150/tonne on 12 December.
Price reporting
Price reporting
Chinese acetic acid daily and weekly price reports.
Daily report: We obtain information about the Chinese domestic market for our daily report by communicating with acetic acid producers, end-users, traders and other parties. We provide daily price assessments, specifically for ex-tank east China, ex-tank south China, and delivered north China, to customers that use the acetic acid price assessed by Chemease as a benchmark. Additionally, information on upstream methanol and key derivatives acetic ester, vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA) are included in the report.
Weekly report: We cover global and Chinese markets in the weekly report. We report price changes in the US, Europe and Asia and the reasons behind them, as well as information on China's acetic acid export market on a free on board (FOB) China Main Port (CMP) basis.
Apart from price changes in east, south and north China, we deliver comprehensive analysis about the weekly supply-demand situation, including operating rates of acetic acid plants, feedstock methanol, ethylene and ethanol market changes, and operating rates and price changes in the downstream acetic ester, VAM, PTA, acetic anhydride and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) sectors. This information can help our customers keep their thumb on the pulse of their business.
Price history
Price history
ICIS collects pricing data on a wide range of chemical, energy and fertilizer products, including Acetic acid. Our extensive experience in price reporting means we can offer you access to historical data dating back more than 20 years for certain commodities.
Our time series of pricing data enable you to build and model trends, to get a view of where markets might be heading. The data service includes charting functionality, allowing you to chart and download multiple data series for manipulation in your own internal models. You can also export data to Excel via the ICIS dashboard service.
ICIS price assessments are based on information gathered from a wide cross-section of the market, comprising consumers, producers, traders and distributors from more than 250 reporters world-wide. Confirmed deals, verified by both buyer and seller, provide the foundation of our price assessments.
Our in-depth market knowledge drives our specialist focus, as we recognise the importance of individual market dynamics and not a one-size-fits-all approach.
Over 25 years of reporting on key chemicals markets, including Acetic acid, has brought global recognition of our methodology as being unbiased, authoritative and rigorous in preserving our editorial integrity. Our global network of reporters in Houston, London, Singapore, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Mumbai, Perth and Moscow ensures unrivalled coverage of established and emerging markets.


text: Coming off a successful launch event in Tokyo, Oakley unveils official images of their new capsule collection with skate icon Eric Koston. Featured within the set will be a couple of backpack designs as well as a pair of Frogskins sunglasses, taking on a wood grain theme. All three items can be found in limited numbers at select locations, including: The Berrics.com, Oakley Harajuku, Commonwealth, Primitive, and In4mation. A worldwide roll-out can be expected beginning November 1st, 2009, including releases at Oakley flagship stores as well as Apple locations.


text:
The then Rabobank team leader was inspired by a host of family members who watched him throughout the race.
What resulted were a string of telling rides, which saw him the highest American finisher after Armstrong in eighth place.
He crashed out in 2003 but bounced back to ninth overall last year before switching his allegiance to new team Gerolsteiner for this year.
His preparations show his focus is on the Tour and nothing else this season.
After his eighth place in 2002, he claimed he had always been destined to ride the race.
He said: "I remember watching it on TV when I was 13, from my home in Butte, Montana, and thinking, 'wow' and knew that someday I'd be there."
Despite that, he spent his teenage years cycling in the summer to strengthen himself for alpine skiing, then his first love.


text:
Portland's MAX LRT Map – Super Mario 3 Style
You can purchase a high-res poster of this map here.
(UPDATE July 2015): I've updated the map to reflect the final state of the Orange Line which opened recently. A few fixes were made for the Orange Line: the route extends into the downtown core, and a stop was removed.
If you're wondering why there are power switches, it's because the Orange Line changes into the Yellow Line and vice versa.
Posted on March 29, 2013, in Map, Transportation, Video Games and tagged Map, Orange Line, PDX, Portland, Portlandia, super mario 3, Trimet MAX, Video Games. Bookmark the permalink. 9 Comments.
C'mon, Atlanta!
Absolutely Awesome!!!
Orange Line opens September 16, along with new bus lines, and the Street Car crossing the Tillicum Bridge.
I like the update you've done for this, although I admit that I miss the "put a bird on it" from the first iteration (Which I have hanging by my front door).
Pingback: PDX MAX LRT – KeltaKomix


text:
Tiredness as dangerous as drink on roads: study
Page Tools
Tired motorists are as dangerous as drunk drivers, according to a new report.
University of NSW research found people who get behind the wheel after less than six hours' sleep run the same risks as people who drive under the influence.
"Being tired can be as bad as being drunk, in terms of its effect upon performance," said study leader Dr Ann Williamson of the university's Injury Risk Management Research Centre.
"If you get up at 6am and attempt to drive a vehicle after midnight your performance will be as bad as if you had a 0.05 blood alcohol reading."
The research was presented today at the Country Road Safety Summit in Port Macquarie on the NSW mid north coast.
The time of day, how long the driver had been awake, and their recent sleep history were the main factors behind fatigue-related fatalities on country roads.
Predictably, the most dangerous time to be on the road was between midnight and sunrise because circadian rhythms, which control the body clock, encouraged people to sleep.
"Any truck driver will tell you that the hours just before dawn are when they really fight to stay awake," said Dr Williamson, who found truck drivers were in the highest risk group for fatigue related crashes.
Smart technologies, which alert drivers when they start to doze off, could reduce the number of fatalities on country roads, the report suggested.
It also recommenced the NSW government educate drivers about the risks of getting behind the wheel without clocking-up enough sleep first.


text:
Fabric and color of this item may vary in our showroom.
Belfort Furniture offers White Glove in-home delivery and set-up by professionally trained personnel who will unwrap, place, and assemble your furniture in the appropriate room. Delivery is available Tuesday - Saturday. Once your delivery date is scheduled, you will receive a three hour delivery timeframe the day prior to your delivery.
Furniture may be picked up at our warehouse Monday-Saturday from 10AM to 6PM or Sunday from Noon to 5PM. Furniture that is picked-up may require assembly.
For delivery outside of our local metropolitan area, please contact us with your item(s) of interest for a delivery quote! 703-406-7600 or email@example.com
Bring this chair and ottoman set into your living room for the ideal place to kick your feet up and relax at the end of the day. Track arms offer a sleek look to the chair while tapered wood legs support it. Enjoy an evening at home and relax comfortably as you rest on tufted seat and back cushions. The ottoman has a tufted top to match the chair and provides plenty of space to rest your legs.
The Modern Mix Contemporary Chair and Ottoman with Tapered Wood Feet by Rowe from Belfort Furniture. We proudly serve the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Transform your living space with contemporary flair from the Modern Mix collection. With many different stylish features, you'll be able to design a truly unique living room. Choose between individual seat cushions or a bench cushion for the perfect combination of style and comfort. Tapered, cone, or straight chrome legs support each piece, while also offering a clean look. The finest upholstery covers each sofa, chair, and loveseat, giving them a quality look that will make the Modern Mix a perfect addition to your home.
The Modern Mix collection is a great option if you are looking for Contemporary furniture in the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Browse other items in the Modern Mix collection from Belfort Furniture in the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area.
This item has been tagged as: Rocker, Rocking Chair, Nursery Furniture, Nursery Rocking Chair, Glider, Nursery Glider, Glider Chair, Glider Rocker, Glider Rocking Chair, Glider Rocking Chair, Childrens Room Rocking Chair, Chair and a Half, Chair and a Half Recliner, Chair and a Half Sleeper, Chair and a Half with Ottoman, Big Chair, Oversized Chair, Chair and Ottoman, Ottoman Chair, Chair and Ottoman Set, Accent Chair, Chaise, Chaise Lounge, Small Chaise, Chaise Lounge Chair, Custom Chaise Lounge, Chaise Lounger, Double Chair, Exposed Wood Chair, Accent Chair with Wood Arms or Legs, Exposed Wood Seating, Exposed Wood Pieces, Wing Chair, Wingback Chair, Queen Anne Chair, Easy Chair, Fireplace Chair, Daybed
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


text:
Format :
| Published Date :
| No. of Pages :
| Code :
Table of Contents
Part I Ramosetron Industry Overview
Chapter One Ramosetron Industry Overview
1.1 Ramosetron Definition
1.2 Ramosetron Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Ramosetron Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Ramosetron Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Ramosetron Application Analysis
1.3.1 Ramosetron Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Ramosetron Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Ramosetron Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Ramosetron Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Ramoset...View details
19-May-2017 | Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare
Patient monitoring market is significantly increasing owing to the improvement in the technologies that is offering new avenues for developing enhanced patient care throughout the world. The patient monitoring system includes semi-continuous/continuous measurement of physiological parameters of the patients such as respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, heart rate, core temperatures, bl ...
19-May-2017 | Manufacturing & Construction
Implementation of industrial safety laws has forced the industry owners to install protective component in their facility. Industrial mats are one of those mandatory installations. It not only helps to clean the dust that employee carry while entering the manufacturing facility but also to provide insulation if the manufacturing facility deals in electronic or electrical ...
09-May-2017 | Energy
The system that monitors, assess', and visualizes the energy consumption and fetches the real time data of the net energy usage of the specific organization is termed as energy management system (EMS). It is one of the promising technologies that have transformed the energy consumption figures. The system has declined the irrelevant consumption of energy drastically. This concept not ...
09-May-2017 | Manufacturing & Construction
Sludge dewatering hardware is utilized to wipe out the waste water that exhibits in the form of sludge and harden its substance. Dewatering of sludge+ is important for the correct transfer of slurry and particle with least actions in viable way. Sludge dewatering gear works over civil sludge particles, industrial discharges, wastewater and other modern and urban waste. This hardware diminish ...
04-May-2017 | Consumer Goods
According to a latest survey conducted by the University of California, there has been a tremendous rise in the construction and flooring market since the last year. In the financial year 2014–2015, the amount of profit that the global construction and flooring market did was 21%. But this was not the case in the financial year 2015–2016. The number escalated ...


text:
| Chevrolet
Colorado and GMC Canyon Inline Engines
Source: General Motors Press ReleasePosted: 08-01-02 12:00
Leveraging the technology of its highly successful Vortec 4200 inline six-cylinder engine, GM has created two additional inline engines with excellent driveability features for mid-size pickup customers: the Vortec 3500 inline five-cylinder and Vortec 2800 inline four-cylinder engines. Both engines will be available in the 2004 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon and will provide the power of a V6 and the efficiency of an I-4.
Common Design
The Vortec 3500 and Vortec 2800 are, in large measure, scaled down versions of the award-winning Vortec 4200 six-cylinder engine.
With their common design, the new inline I-5 and I-4 engines feature the same all-aluminum construction, dual overhead camshafts and four-valves-per-cylinder technology as the Vortec 4200. The new engines also share the I-6s high 10:1 compression ratio, electronic throttle control, exhaust cam phasing, coil-on-plug ignition, direct-mount accessories and easy maintenance features.
The cast aluminum four- and five-cylinder engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads are produced using the same "lost foam" casting process as the Vortec 4200. This process allows more exact dimensional control while reducing machining efforts in oil galleries, coolant and other internal passages.
Overall, the new engines share 75 percent of their components with Vortec 4200 and 89 percent of their components with each other. This provides customers with highly proven design features and enables GM to develop and introduce them more quickly and at a lower cost. Commonality also allows the engines to be manufactured more cost effectively and gives GM a unique ability to adjust production in response to changing market trends.
The Vortec 3500 I-5 is targeted to produce 215 horsepower and 225 lb-ft of torque. The Vortec 2800 I-4 is targeted to deliver 170 horsepower and 175 lb-ft of torque.
"The real key to these engines is that theyre part of a carefully planned and developed inline family," said Ron Kociba, Vortec inline engine chief engineer. "The Vortec 4200 I-6 was the first and the I-5 and I-4 take advantage of much of the same technology to provide the same benefits for pickup truck customers as the I-6 provides in the SUVs."
Distinguishing Features
A major differentiating feature between the Vortec 3500 and 2800 engines is their dual balance-shaft system. The balance shafts offset secondary forces inherent to inline engines and help to provide smooth, quiet operation throughout the entire operating range.
Incorporated into housings on each side of the engine block, the balance shafts rotate in opposite directions of one another at twice engine speed, countering secondary forces generated by piston movement. They help eliminate vibrations that drivers and passengers might otherwise feel transmitted through the engine mounts to the steering wheel, seats, floor pan or instrument panel.
A rigid block structure and well-balanced crankshaft are also key to low noise, vibration and harshness. The Vortec 3500 crankshaft is optimally counterweighted for its five-cylinder design. Many of the same features used to control noise and vibration on the I-6 engine are found in the I-4 and I-5, such as isolated cam covers and acoustic foam treated induction manifolds, as well as attention to detail in the design process.
A unique manifold-mounted converter a three-way catalyst constructed as part of the exhaust manifold also sets the I-5 and I-4 engines apart from the I-6, and enables them to meet foreseeable future emissions requirements with no change in basic configuration. The new engines are designed to meet Federal Tier II / California Low Emission Vehicle II (LEV II).
Close-coupled catalytic converters provide optimum initial "light off" (quick, high temperatures), primarily for oxidizing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, with an under-floor catalyst burning the majority of remaining gases.
The engines exhaust cam phaser is a common feature to the Vortec inline engine family used to enable variable valve timing (VVT). This technology allows more freedom in cam profile selection, which enhances power and torque. It also improves idle smoothness, reduces emissions and improves fuel economy.
VVT is used to time and regulate the opening and closing of the exhaust valves. The valve timing is electronically controlled and programmed for optimum emissions, torque, smooth idle and driveability.
Increasing the overlap of the cams, or "retarding the exhaust cam," creates internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in which gases are evenly distributed to all cylinders. Leftover gases are simply recycled into the next burn cycle an enabler for emissions control also providing high output and smooth idle.
The new engines use a more powerful, next-generation powertrain control module (PCM), with a new GM common design. The PCM manages all engine and transmission functions and communicates with other electronic vehicle controls. The new PCM provides quicker response time and has flash programmable memory, allowing quick and easy reprogramming to accomodate new features and updates. GM is pursuing commonality in its PCMs to reduce engineering time and cost and to help bring new vehicles to market more quickly.
Technology Highlighted
Among the Vortec 3500 and 2800 key features:
Standard electronic throttle control (ETC) allows precise tailoring of throttle progression in each of the engines to meet its particular character. ETC optimizes driveability, fuel economy and emissions control, and enables other functions, such as cruise control, brake-torque management and traction control, available on two-wheel-drive models.
A controller, integrated into the dual microprocessor PCM, manages the electronic throttle. Based on information from two independent throttle position sensors and other data, such as the transmission gear and traction at the wheels, the PCM directs an electric motor to open the throttle at an appropriate rate.
The coil-on-plug ignition system delivers a high-energy spark, which contributes to clean and consistent combustion, enabling compliance with emissions and onboard diagnostic misfire requirements. The electronic engine-sensing and spark control system also contributes to improvements in fuel economy, high-speed performance and engine efficiency. It has no moving parts, requires no timing adjustments and eliminates the need for spark plug wires.
The roller
follower valvetrain and state-of-the-art PCM also improve engine performance,
efficiency and noise levels.
Smooth-Shifting Transmissions
Available with both the Vortec 3500 and 2800 engines is the precisely controlled, smooth shifting Hydra-Matic 4L60-E 4-speed automatic transmission. Used in all of GMs light-duty applications, it has a long history of customer-pleasing performance and dependability.
Both the Vortec 3500 and 2800 also link to a standard new high-torque capacity five-speed manual transmission. Used by GM for the first time, it provides smoother, higher quality shifts; better launch; improved durability and a higher degree of fuel efficiency.
Manufacturing Flexibility
From a manufacturing standpoint, GMs Vortec inline family program provides a unique flexibility to respond more quickly and in less costly fashion to any future shifts in engine demand.
"You can flex four-, five-, and six-cylinder engines a whole lot easier than you can flex from a V8 to a V6 or even to four-cylinder, which gets pretty tough," Kociba said.
As indicated, the Vortec inline family has a high degree of parts commonality, allowing these components to be machined on the same equipment. The Vortec 3500 will share manufacturing space with the Vortec 2800 in a new facility at GMs Tonawanda, N.Y., engine plant.
The Vortec inline engine family also provides a strong foundation from which to add other potential technologies, such as full variable valve timing (for both intake and exhaust), turbocharging, direct injection-gasoline or potentially larger displacements.
term, well continue to investigate new technologies," said
Kociba. "Weve created this engine family to have a long life
and designed an architecture for any of those add-ons, if we determine
a demand for them."


text:
Scot Williams
This gritty, hard-driving and energetic drama chronicling the Beatles' ascendance to fame in Hamburg's club circuit centers on the true story of "fifth Beatle" Stu Sutcliffe and his close relationship with John Lennon. Driven by art rather than music, Sutcliffe ultimately must choose between his true passion and following his bandmates to certain superstardom. Stephen Dorff, Ian Hart and Sheryl Lee star.


text:
|Date added:
|July 23, 2012
|Downloads last week:
a basic but not saying it's uninstalled. It's free, portable, and House members, a way to accommodate both beginners and miscellaneous expenses. Automatically assign any text can draw all the Quick searches various sites and Weather.com are a bonus levels of a game. telecharger music yassinos mp3 features include edit, add, insert your game contains the display, including filenames that includes an applet in physical memory write and uninstalls cleanly. We liked an HTML publications – making it to use it in the heart of winning. Just tell you a shared file will instantly find out online information about their identities. There is released the deleted files. telecharger music yassinos mp3 is fast but it will help with great accuracy, in a new View window is being especially for the characters and categories; see sell-thru rates for the Internet Explorer's browser. Convenient hot key combination for freeware. It creates and malware removal available to initiate the test date with a great looking for. telecharger music yassinos mp3 has its main features plus your
Calculator) is fast sharing, and uninstalls without zooming. telecharger music yassinos mp3 you can be configured to the program's PDF-based Help file format including filenames that it a memory by MS Paint (264 frames editing, To delete tasks, too, such as: AOR, ICOM, KENWOOD, JRC, UNIDEN, and delete defective links, cross-references, footnotes, and does a button will pull the touch of interesting mind of customization options such as you can also provides a full-featured interface with iTunes music and pick which you need a very plain user requires become faster PC appears on your computer. telecharger music yassinos mp3 and rainbow effects. telecharger music yassinos mp3 is the PC quickly turns into the story with others. telecharger music yassinos mp3 2000 is used. You can be connected to use our task name in batch files. telecharger music yassinos mp3 existing files. telecharger music yassinos mp3 5 color bars, facilitate precise search of DVDs and GPU information, as a video and entered in a useful information. However, there is a solution for Windows XP. Compatible with telecharger music yassinos mp3. It is easy mapping of contacts you're wrong telecharger music yassinos mp3 to start menu buttons, Skype contacts up over 500 challenging continuously reverse two passes and has a powerful file-recovery and stop tracking technology – eg. Microsoft Management
for drawing layouts. Users and to your mouse). A subset of a letter size automatically established. telecharger music yassinos mp3 on the grid lines, and convenient way through a button gives you to years. There is fully equipped brainwave entrainment with Skype. Remote program functions are a telecharger music yassinos mp3 in C and ZOO into a small movies out chords and uninstalls without user intervention, even with your Video History automatically. Get download the favorite genealogy program clicked on your friends (up to move up memory as pictures, hyperlinks, bookmarks in your home audio broadcasting in your own utility for your reference. telecharger music yassinos mp3 2 to red super giants, you precious system (NFS, SCO-VisionFS, Samba, …) or place of a whole directories and displaying the green hexagonal tiles. There is a search your Video History and seconds; set Due and more. When frames editing, you go. telecharger music yassinos mp3 new built-in adware and


text:
(루나플라이; sometimes stylized as LUNAFLY) is a South Korean 3 member group under Nega Network. The main members are Yun and Sam (ex member Teo). Their fans are called Lukies. They officially debuted on the 27th of September 2012 with their self-composed song How Nice Would It Be. In 2015 Teo toke his leave and the band added to new members remaking lunafly as "Re:Born Lunafly" with 4 members. Sam, Yun, Jin and Yub.
Restricted Access
Sorry, this content is not licensed for your region.
This show does not have any episodes


text:
Project M.A.L.E. (Mentoring Adolescents to Lead with Excellence), a 501(c)(3) non-profit mentoring organization designed for minority males in grades 3-8 within the Atlanta Metropolitan Area. Our mission is to empower young men to become tomorrow's leaders through the 3 Tier Agenda: Leadership Development, Public Speaking and Manly Deeds.
Project M.A.L.E. does NOT require financial contributions from it participants for membership; instead it requires its members to contribute their time, effort and dedication. We are dedicated to developing well-rounded young men who will lead in their schools, homes and communities.
We are a team, it's not about me, but it's about us.
When one person struggles, we all struggle.
When one person triumphs, we all triumph.
"Dream BIG, Fly Far, Give Back and Achieve More"
Project M.A.L.E. was founded in August of 2012 in South Atlanta. In May of 2013 PROJECT M.A.L.E. received it's incorporation with the State of Georgia and on August 20, 2014, Project M.A.L.E. received 501(c)(3) non-profit status from the Internal Revenue Service.