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Learning Outcomes
- Understand various methods for researching your target audience
- Employ the best research method for the document you want to produce
- Composeprofessional/technical documents and oral presentations for multiple audiences and specific purposes by using current technologies.
- Social and Cultural Contexts.
- Apply and adapt professional/technical writing conventions, including genre, tone, and style for particular writing situations.
- Under 18
- 18-25
- 26-35
- 36-55
- Over 55
- Television commercial
- Online advertisement
- Print advertisement
- Word of mouth
- Other (please specify): _____________
It is important to consider your audience when writing a technical communication document. Categories like race, class, and gender, also known as demographics, can contribute to the way a person perceives a particular issue or document. Other important audience traits to consider are level of familiarity with the subject matter, knowledge of terminology, and educational background. These factors can help you determine what information your audience needs, what questions you should ask them, and how much jargon (field-specific language) you should use. However, keep in mind that, while demographic categories are helpful in determining your target audience, people should always be treated as individuals. Avoid stereotyping by considering that there are always exceptions to the general rule.
So, how does one determine an audience's demographics, and, therefore, an audience's needs? There are several common research methods for distinguishing your target audience:
Library and Internet Research
You can do some preliminary research before interacting with your target audience. The library and internet can provide many resources for gathering information from studies that have already been conducted, including census reports and other public records, scholarly and trade journals, and official websites for professional organizations and government departments. You can find an annotated list of useful library and internet resources by Amy Coughenour on Writing Commons. It includes the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the U. S. Department of Labor website, the National Archives and Records Administration, and the National Center for Education Statistics. These resources provide a helpful starting point for researching an audience in a given area. Community forums are also helpful in gauging the opinions of a particular audience. Municipal websites and local newspaper websites often feature community forums or message boards where residents discuss issues that are important to them.
Because library and internet research yield so many resources, you should learn to check the credibility of your sources. First, determine the place or organization that published the source. Is it a prestigious press, university, or professional association? This will get easier as you become more familiar with the top publications in your field, but until you do, a helpful tip is to analyze the document's design. Generally, but not always, credible sources are presented cleanly and concisely. Also, check the source's citations. A credible source will usually cite other credible sources. If you are researching empirical data, consider the methods used to collect the data. Does the report describe the process? Is the data current? Remember that in the fields of health, science, and business, new discoveries occur often and replace old data. Recent publications are, therefore, often more credible than older ones.
Field Research
Field research relies on direct observation and interaction. This includes surveys, interviews, and focus groups, as well as observing your intended audience or subject in context. For example, if you are hired by a hospital to help improve patient communication, you might observe, with permission, some interactions between patients and nurses or doctors. When conducting field research, you should triangulate your data. This means that you should collect your data from multiple sources and observers to ensure accuracy. A single observation of a single subject may not accurately represent the norm or group. Some examples of field research are:
Surveys are particularly useful in providing statistics about demographics and answering specific questions directed towards your audience. You can ask straightforward questions about race, gender, beliefs, attitudes, etc. For example, you might ask respondents to select their racial identity from a list of choices. You may also need to ask deeper questions, such as what kind of medications respondents are currently taking. When asking more complex questions, carefully consider the response options and what is implied in the language you use. Keep in mind that the respondents are limited to the options you provide.
A straightforward survey question might ask the respondent's age with these options:
A more complex survey question might include an "other" option for additional responses:
Ex: How did you learn about our services?
As with all documents, make sure the survey questions avoid offensive language and are culturally sensitive. For example, if you are researching the level of comfort patients experience in a particular hospital you should avoid a question like "When the nurse comes in, does she always greet you first?" Some respondents might take offense to the assumption that a nurse must be female, so try rephrasing the question to be more gender-neutral: "Does the nurse greet you when he or she enters the room?"
Surveys save time because, although you have to prepare them, people can usually fill them out independently. However, you may want to reserve time for follow-up conversations, especially because survey respondents have limited answer choices. If you choose to do this, make sure you provide your contact information in the survey or solicit respondents' contact information (along with permission to contact them). Independently completed surveys often have a low return rate, so consider how widely you want to spread the survey. Finally, because surveys often reach a large number of people, it may be difficult to determine whether the results truly reflect the views of your target audience.
For more information on surveys, see The Community Tool Box at the University of Kansas(http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-resources/conduct-surveys/main).
Interviews are a more qualitative research approach because answers are more personal and open-ended. While they can yield more information than the simple "yes/no" questions of a survey, answers represent the particular perspective of the interviewee. You also have a much smaller sample because of the amount of time it takes to conduct interviews. Prepare your questions ahead of time; you should prepare more than you are likely to need and avoid the "yes/no" questions usually reserved for surveys. For example, instead of asking a participant if he or she sleeps for a full eight hours every night, you might receive more precise results by asking how many hours of sleep he or she receives on average. Be prepared with follow-up questions to different possible responses and expect to be engaged in a conversation with the interviewee. If the participant replies that he or she gets very little sleep on average, you might then ask about his or her daily routine or work schedule.
Focus Groups
Focus groups are interviews conducted with a small group of people at the same time. You should create a comfortable setting to encourage participants to interact not only with you, but with each other. Participants should be free to discuss their opinions, but a moderator should keep them on task and initiate conversation. The moderator should also mitigate any hostility between personalities and conclude the session within 1-2 hours. You should conduct a few focus groups for any given project to ensure reliable sampling.
Each of these methods has its merits and challenges, and the method you choose to use should depend on the context of your project. For example, focus groups and interviews may be a better choice when you have already narrowed down your target audience. Often, the process of producing a document for a specific audience will require a combination of these methods. You might begin with library or internet research to learn about an area's demographics, and then conduct interviews with people who actually use the product about which you are creating a pamphlet.
Choose the best audience research method (this may be one or a combination) for each scenario and explain your decision:
A (health sciences)
- You are creating a pamphlet describing the benefits and side effects of a pill that helps lower cholesterol. Your employer is the pharmaceutical company that produces the pill. They have supplied the data, but you need to present it clearly to users and potential users of the medication.
- You are designing a computer patient information system for a hospital and want to know how to make it most efficient for doctors, nurses, and staff.
- You want to research the demographics of an area surrounding a new medical center to determine what services would be most useful.
- You have developed a new user manual for a printer, and you want to find out if it is helpful to users of the product.
- You need to research a city's traffic patterns to decide exactly where to install signs and directions towards a newly constructed bridge.
- You have developed a tutorial for a new computer software program, and want to determine its usefulness to users.
- You are creating a handout for a meeting that you will run with a colleague, and you want to make sure you list all major talking points for the both of you.
- You are producing a report on your company's financial standing for potential investors.
- You are giving a presentation on your company's latest product to an audience of potential buyers. You want to research their needs in addition to providing proof of the product's success with other groups.
B (engineering)
C (professional/business writing)
Heifferon, B. A. (2005). Writing in the Health Professions. New York, NY: Pearson Education.
University of Kansas Community Tool Box (n.d.). Section 13: Conducting Surveys. Chapter 3:Assessing Community Needs and Resources. Learn a Skill. Retrieved from:
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When applying for jobs, a well-written cover letter is just as important as a well-written resume. While the resume is designed to provide an overview of your relevant skills and qualifications, the cover letter is your opportunity to discuss relevant experiences, connect those experience to qualities and qualifications from the job ad, and to display your personality to your reader. In other words, the cover letter is your chance to humanize yourself to your reader and to give the reader a sense of who you are and why you're uniquely qualified for a particular position.
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On Wooing Your Audience (Or Not)
Imagine for a moment that you're in the market for a new significant other. Well, good news: your friend, Imma MutualFriend, claims that she knows your perfect match and tells you all about this person. From what you're told about this match, you're interested too. Imma promises to connect you two soon.
Flash forward, and the time comes for you to meet this supposed match. At a party, Imma points you in their direction. With the goal of wooing this person with all of your wonderful qualifications, you approach your match.
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Compiling a résumé can feel like a daunting task. Just like essay writing, résumé creation works well as a process. Before worrying about the format of the résumé and where to place everything in a document, consider beginning by compiling an informal list of past and present work experience and education. Once you have a first draft, look at résumés in the field you are applying to, since every field has different standards and preferences. Remember: there are no one-size-fits all résumés. The key to constructing a polished résumé is tailoring your experience to the job to which you're applying.
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Writing Cover Letters
When reading cover letters, the key benchmark I use is simple: Do I get to know both the person and the professional? As we read a cover letter, we should have a sense that no other candidate could have written this particular document in this particular way. Hence, we respect and honor the individual.
In conversation, the term "cover letter" is used loosely to mean any professional letter that you write in an attempt to get a job, with the term "cover" denoting that the letter is usually a "cover piece" designed to introduce and accompany your resume. Thus, too many writers think of the cover letter as mere mechanical introductory fluff—disposable goods—when in fact it can be more important than your resume.
The best tip that I have heard on cover letter writing is that the letter is for the audience, not for you. Certainly you are selling yourself, but you do that best by molding your skills to what an employer needs and by knowing all that you can about your audience. This tells you that you should visit a company's website, read the company literature, and have a specific person's name and title to write to (you can always request this by phone or e-mail before you write). In sum, know what your audience is interested in and how you might fit into a company's plans, not the other way around. Unless an employer instructs you otherwise, always include a cover letter with your resume as you apply for a job.
Tone: Making it Sound Good
- The proper tone for the cover letter is one of an informed, straightforward, courteous, relaxed, literate writer.
- Use "I" comfortably as a sentence subject, but avoid being too informal—overusing contractions or jargon could make you appear unprofessional.
- Avoid being too cocky, aggressive, idealistic, or unrealistic; come off as mature, self-aware, and confident.
Appearance and Mechanics: Making it Look Good
- Limit cover letters to one page, and type them using single-spaced or 1.5-spaced typing, with about one-inch margins or more on all sides of the page.
- Skip lines between paragraphs.
- Favor short paragraphs over long ones.
- Use highly readable, tight, fonts, such as Helvetica or Times, and point sizes no larger than 12 and no smaller than 10.
- Spell check, then proofread the hard copy carefully. Present the final version of the letter on durable white or off-white paper.
- Mail your letter and resume flat in a large envelope rather than folded in a small one. That way they will be easier to read and Xerox.
The Heading and Greeting: Following the Formats
- At the top right or left corner of the page, type your address, your phone number, your e-mail address, and the date. Below that, at the left margin, put the name, title, and address of the person receiving the letter.
- Skip a line or two, then type "Dear," the person's title (Dr., Ms., Mr.), name, and a colon.
- If possible, find out the proper title, spelling, and gender of the receiver of the letter (all it usually takes is a phone call or a little web surfing). If you cannot be certain of the recipient's gender, it is acceptable to use both the first and last name (i.e., "Dear Jan Morris"). If no name is available, use a logical title such as "Dear Human Resources Representative." Greetings such as "Dear Sir or Madam" and "To Whom it May Concern" are old-fashioned—some even find them offensive—and should be avoided.
The Opening Paragraph: Showcasing Your Homework
- Ideally, open with a reference to how you derived knowledge of the company or position.
- If possible, provide context by some artful name dropping ("Ms. Judith Sowers, a Quality Control Specialist in your Meredith plant, informs me that you are seeking . . ."). Otherwise, simply be forthright about why you are writing the letter ("I am writing to you because . . .").
- Include particulars about the company's activities and vision—prove that you have done your homework and know something about the company's products and mission. Even quote a mission statement if you can.
- Establish your own professional context by naming your major and school.
The Body Paragraphs: Selling your Skills
- One paragraph may suffice here, but use more if necessary, especially if you have several different skills or experiences to sell. Stick to one topic per paragraph.
- Through concrete examples, provide evidence of your work ethic and success—cite courses, co-ops, papers, projects, theses, or internships you have completed. Make your examples both quantitative and qualitative. Some writers use a bulleted list to introduce narrative examples of their skills. Some even provide URLs for their home pages or other web pages they helped to create.
- Introduce your resume ("As the enclosed resume shows . . .") and interpret it for your audience rather than simply repeat its details. Apply your education, work experience, and activities directly to the job, proving that you are a highly capable candidate.
The Closing Paragraph and Signoff: Exiting Gracefully
- Keep your closing short and simple. Do not waste time. Be gracious and sincere, not falsely flattering nor pushy. Respectfully indicate your desire for further action, reminding the company of your availability.
- Remembering that a company could try to call you over a break or during the summer, indicate relevant phone numbers right in the text. Provide your e-mail address as well.
- Under the final paragraph, skip a line or two, then, directly under your heading address, type "Sincerely," then handwrite and type your name beneath.
- Indicate that a resume is included along with the letter by typing the word "Enclosure" at the left margin near the bottom of the page.
"Writing Cover Letters" was written by Joe Schall, The Pennsylvania State University, as a part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER initiative and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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More Advanced, More Daring Résumés
Even though technical fields favor conventional and old-school rules, many students, particularly those with extensive experience or a diverse background, stretch the limits slightly—and smartly—when creating their résumés. Creative format and content choices on your résumé certainly are permitted, as long as they enhance rather than detract from utility and appearance.
Creative Format Choices
Although format must remain accessible so the eye can readily scan the résumé both horizontally and vertically, creative format choices such as the following can enhance résumé content:
- Jazzing up the heading. If nowhere else, many writers give the heading of the résumé a bit more dazzle by using different fonts and sizes, perhaps even drawing a line or using an underscore beneath the heading that crosses the entire page.
- Experimenting with tabs and margins. By experimenting with format options for the entire document or for portions, you can change margin settings in order to get more information onto a particular line or onto the entire page. Informal tables and the use of tabs also economize on space. Still, aesthetically, avoid using less than one-inch margins at the page's edge or more than three different indentations within a single line.
- Providing visual emphasis. Obviously, capitalization, boldface, underscore, and italics enhance both the appearance and hierarchy of information on the résumé. Beware, though, of graphic overkill, and keep in mind the intuitive hierarchy we employ as readers: Capitals and boldface typically represent important information, while underscore and italics imply subordinate material.
- Using a résumé template. Résumé templates, which tend to offer a variety of fonts, preset fields for blocks of text, and even sample text itself, can certainly make a résumé look pretty. Keep in mind, however, that résumé templates do have constraints in format, they often put categories into a different order than they would be on an undergraduate résumé, and the resulting résumé may not be suited to the conventions of your field. If using a template, be sure you manage résumé content and appearance in a way that suits your circumstances and keeps you in charge of form.
Creating Special Sections
One way to elevate your résumé is through difference. Special sections highlighting specific traits that employers seek can make your résumé rise above the crowd. Typical approaches writers take include the following:
- Creating a special section based on specialized experience. Common special categories include "Leadership Experience," "Military Service," "Professional Qualifications," "Communication Skills," "Teaching Experience," and "Research Experience."
- Taking a "skills" approach. Drawing from the model typically used in post-graduate professional résumés, some writers open the body of the résumé with a "Skills Summary" or similarly titled section, detailing their skills and how they acquired them. A common strategy is to think both quantitatively ("Four years of experience programming computers using . . .") and qualitatively ("Superior customer relations skills acquired through . . ."). The skills approach can go beyond simply one section, with other section titles including the word "skills" and work experience descriptions focusing on the skills acquired. The focus should be on outcomes and personal and professional attributes that would apply to any job performed, regardless of your field of study.
"More Advanced, More Daring Résumés" was written by Joe Schall, The Pennsylvania State University, as a part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER initiative and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
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Common Action Words Used to Describe Job Experience
|Set forth
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This webtext will help you think through your audience as you complete your report, which will include
Many business professionals need to write a formal report at some point during their career, and some professionals write them on a regular basis. Key decision makers in business, education, and government use formal reports to make important decisions. As opposed to informational reports that offer facts and information without analysis, formal reports provide the end product of a thorough investigation with analysis. Although writing a formal report can seem like a daunting task, the final product enables you to contribute directly to your company's success.
There are several different organizational patterns that may be used for formal reports, but all formal reports contain front matter (prefatory) material, a body, and back matter (supplementary) items. The body of a formal report discusses the findings that lead to the recommendations. The prefatory material is therefore critical to providing the audience with an overview and roadmap of the report. The following section will explain how to write a formal report with an audience in mind.
Analyzing your audience
As with any type of writing, when writing formal business reports, it is necessary to know your audience. For example, if your audience is familiar with the background information related to your project, you don't want to bombard them with details; instead, you will want to inform your audience about the aspects of your topic that they're unfamiliar with or have limited knowledge of. In contrast, if your audience does not already know anything about your project, you will want to give them all of the necessary information for them to understand. Age and educational level are also important to consider when you write. You don't want to use technical jargon when writing to an audience of non-specialists. These are just a couple of examples of different audience needs you will want to consider as you write your report. There are several aspects of your audience that you want to take into account: their gender and race/ethnicity, age/educational level, subject knowledge, and expectations--what they expect to learn from your report.
Gender and Race/Ethnicity
You don't want to make assumptions about the gender, race, or beliefs of your audience. Use gender neutral language such as "he or she" rather than simply "he" or use "they" and pluralize the nouns (e.g. Writers need to think about audience). Don't say anything that implies your reader has a certain gender, race, cultural identity, or belief system. One important way to avoid doing this is to avoid using the word "you." Writers always need to think about the implied meanings of their words.
Educational Level and Subject Knowledge
While age may not necessarily be an issue in the business world—your audience will almost all be adults—educational level and knowledge of your subject are important to consider when writing your report. If you are writing for someone outside of your specific field, you will either need to exclude technical jargon or provide in-text reminders or indications of what specific terms mean or items are. For example, if you work for an automotive company, and you are writing on behalf of mechanical engineers but for an audience of business professionals, you don't want to assume that your audience knows the names of all of the parts that make up an engine; you will have to use terms they will recognize. In some cases, a glossary of terms may be appropriate.
Expectations and Research
What does your audience expect to get out of reading your report? What is its purpose? Make sure that you have specifically responded to the expectations of your boss, manager, or client. If your audience expects you to have research, make sure you know what type of research they expect. Do they want research from scholarly journal articles? Do they want you to conduct your own research? No matter what type of research you do, make sure that it is properly documented using whatever format the audience prefers (MLA, APA, and Chicago Manual of Style are some of the most commonly-used formats). You also want to establish a strong ethos in your report. Use confident language that shows that you have done your research and present them with the research.
For further information about what types of research you may want to include, see this article about research methods and methodologies.
Here are some questions to consider about your audience as you write:
- What does your audience expect to learn from your report?
- What type of ethos should you establish?
- How much research does your audience expect you to have?
- How current does your research need to be?
- What types of sources does your audience expect you to have?
- What is the age of your audience?
- What is the educational level of your audience?
- How much background information does your audience need?
- What technical terms will your audience need defined? What terms will they already be familiar with?
- What is the cultural background of your audience?
Passive and Active Voice
A final note on audience: contrary to what is expected in other types of writing, in business reports, passive voice is sometimes preferred. If the action is more important than the person doing it, use passive rather than active voice.
A few phrases you might use include:
- The data analyzed in this report shows . . .
- This study was designed to analyze . . .
- The data was collected . . .
- The 500 students were surveyed
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You may wish to review the other parts of this webtext including:
The body of a formal report begins with an introduction. The introduction sets the stage for the report, clarifies what need(s) motivated it, and orients the reader to its structure.
Most report introductions address the following elements: background information, problem or purpose, significance, scope, methods, organization, and sources. As you may have noticed, some parts of a formal report fulfill similar purposes. Information from the letter of transmittal and the executive summary may be repeated in the introduction. Reword the information in order to avoid sounding repetitive.
To begin this section, type "BACKGROUND" or "INTRODUCTION" in all uppercase letters. This functional head should be followed by the information specified above (i.e., background information, problem or purpose, etc.). You do not need to utilize any first-level headings in this section.
Because this section includes background information, it would be the appropriate place to address the needs of audiences that may need additional knowledge about the topic. Provide definitions of technical terms and instruction about the overall project if necessary. If you are uncertain if your audience needs a particular piece of information, go ahead and include it; it's better to give your reader a little bit too much background than not enough.
Discussion of Findings
The Discussion of Findings section presents the evidence for your conclusions.
This key section should be carefully organized to enhance readability.
To begin, type "DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS" in all uppercase letters. Center this and all other functional heads. Follow "DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS" with a brief paragraph that previews the organization of the report.
Useful organizational patterns for report findings include but are not limited to:
- Best Case/Worst Case
- Compare/Contrast
- Chronology
- Geography
- Importance
- Journalism Pattern
Use a Best Case/Worst Case organizational pattern when you think that the audience may lack interest in the topic. When examining a topic with clear alternatives to your proposed solution, consider using a Compare/Contrast pattern. Geographical patterns work effectively for topics that are discussed by location.
When describing the organization of the report in the first paragraph, broadly identify how the material in the report is organized rather than state that the report uses a specific pattern (e.g. Chronology, Geography). For example, write, "The research findings address curriculum trends in three states: (a) Florida, (b) Georgia, and (c) North Carolina," not, "This report uses a geographical organizational pattern."
Follow the first paragraph with a first-level heading. Use first-level headings for all other major parts of this section. First-level headings should appear in bold, uppercase letters. Center first-level headings, but align any second-level headings with the left margin. Type any second-level headings in bold, upper- and lowercase letters.
As you present, interpret, and analyze evidence, consider using both text and graphics. Take into account what will be easiest for your audience to understand.
Include citations for all quoted or paraphrased material from sources as well; check with your organization as to whether they prefer parenthetical citations or footnotes.
Integrating Graphics
Formal report authors use graphics to present data in different forms. Paragraphs of text and complex or numerical data tend to bog readers down, making graphics a beneficial enhancement. Graphics also make data easier to understand, so they sometimes make a stronger impact on the audience.
Knowing when—and how—to effectively employ graphics is the key to successfully integrating them. Keeping the audience in mind is also critical.
Figure 1 summarizes uses and audience benefits for the most frequently employed types of graphics. The types of graphics are presented alphabetically to make them easier to remember.
Graphic Type
This type . . .
The audience can . . .
Bar Chart
Represents data with the height or length of rectangular bars
Compare items
Grasp a series of numbers
Illustrates a sequence of events with shapes connected by arrows
Grasp a series of steps
Line Chart
Shows changes in quantitative data over time or plots the relationship between two variables with one or more lines
Compare variables
Visualize change over time
Illustrates activities or trends on a map that represents geographically organized parts of a region, country, or the world
Compare geographical trends
Grasp geographical relationships
Pie Chart
Depicts distribution of parts in a whole with wedges in a circle graph
Compare significance of parts and parts-to-whole relationship(s)
Presents data or values in rows and columns
Compare data or values
Grasp relationships between data or values
Computers have made it easier for professionals to create effective graphics. Most of the graphics in Figure 1 can be created in Microsoft Office Word and Excel.
There may also be some occasions in which a formal report includes graphics from a particular print or online source. In these instances, it is critical to include a caption that presents the source of the graphic.
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In a promising sign for the coming Tasman tie-up between Virgin Blue and
Air NZ said bookings between Australia and New Zealand have lifted by 15 per cent since it started its "seats to suit" model, which offers cheaper base air fares to passengers, who then pay extra for everything from meals to additional bags and in-flight entertainment.
The higher trans-Tasman passenger numbers being generated by the cheaper ticket prices "will give that part of the network quite a bit of growth in the second half", said chairman
"It's part of the strategy to get the demand and the seat factor right, and the yield reduction is quite intentional but less than what we anticipated."
The deal with Virgin will allow both airlines to share costs and align pricing and flight schedules, as well as put passengers on each other's aircraft on all trans-Tasman routes. The alliance is set to begin on July 1, with combined revenue to be shared between the two companies.
"We're working very hard, with a lot of teams mobilised in both airlines, aiming for a July 1 launch," Mr Palmer said.
The airline, which recently bought a 15 per cent stake in
Passenger numbers, cargo volumes and yields all increased year on year, although that was partially offset by higher costs relating to increased capacity and higher jet fuel prices, the company said. The earnings were also boosted by an $18 million gain on equity swaps relating to the investment in Virgin Blue. Through Deutsche Bank, Air NZ built a 4.9 per cent stake through an equity swap – a derivative that let it get a foothold without tipping off the rest of the market to its plans.
Air NZ's resulting 14.9 per cent holding has effectively attached the two airlines at the hip at a time when Virgin is looking to shape its own destiny with a slew of international alliances and a brand and product overhaul. Both airlines have separate alliances with Abu Dhabi-based Etihad for flights to the emerging Middle Eastern hub.
Air NZ joined Virgin and Australian market leader Qantas in warning that the surging price of oil poses a risk to second-half earnings, with jet fuel being an airline's single biggest ongoing cost. The company has 93 per cent of second-half fuel needs hedged at a worst-case price of $95.46 a barrel, meaning it has to pay spot prices for the 7 per cent shortfall.
In a sign the Kiwi airline is benefiting from Virgin Blue's exit from the NZ market, domestic passenger numbers rose 8 per cent.
|Half year
|Sales ($NZm)
|Pretax ($NZm)
|Net ($NZm)
|Interim div*
|Shares (last)
|March 22
The Australian Financial Review


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A STUDENT nurse from Burnley met England's chief nursing officer to discuss her efforts to bring care and compassion to the frontline.
Danielle Gillett is studying for a BSC Hons in adult nursing at Edge Hill University and is on a placement at Aintree University Hospital's accident and emergency department, in Liverpool.
She met with Jane Cummings, chief nursing officer for England, at the Care and Compassion Conference 2013. The 28-year-old is part of a scheme aimed at encouraging students to share their perspectives, challenge current practices, and share learning with their colleagues.
Danielle is approaching the end of her second year of studies and was appointed student quality ambassador earlier this year She said: "As a quality ambassador, I have the opportunity to go on ward rounds alongside matrons, and I'm able to give my opinion and suggest alternatives based on my first impressions, which is how patients and visitors judge us.
"I love the principle of the role and would advise any student who is passionate and dedicated to patient-centred care to apply to become a student quality ambassador."
The conference was organised by Aintree University Hospital and Edge Hill University, and saw speakers, including Sir Stephen Moss, ex-chairman of Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, address more than 300 nurses, doctors, junior doctors, health professionals and students.
Jane said: "Listening to discussions at the conference, it's clear that the six Cs – care, compassion, comp-etence, communication, courage and commitment – are not just shaping NHS organisations' strategies, but are also being embraced by the frontline NHS staff who are key to giving patients a caring and compassionate experience. I am very confident they will help inspire their colleagues to make sure we are putting care and compassion at the heart of our NHS."


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Light therapy (phototherapy) for skin conditions
Light therapy is also known as phototherapy. It uses specific wavelengths of light to help treat conditions, such as psoriasis.
You will meet the dermatologist carrying out your procedure so you can discuss your care. A dermatologist is a doctor who specialises in identifying and treating skin conditions. Your care will be designed to meet your individual needs so it may be different from what's described here.
Natural sunlight can help to improve the symptoms of, or prevent, many inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema. Ultraviolet light is the part of sunlight that helps with medical conditions and isn't visible. For light therapy, machines are used to produce ultraviolet light, which is shone on your whole body or the area of your skin that needs treatment.
Types of light therapy
Ultraviolet light is made up of different wavelengths, including the two forms that are used during light therapy – ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB).
UVA on its own causes your skin to tan, but has little effect on most skin conditions. To treat skin conditions, UVA is usually used together with a chemical called psoralen. This causes your skin to become more sensitive to the light. Psoralen with UVA is known as PUVA. PUVA is a more intensive treatment, so you will usually only have it if treatment with UVB hasn't worked for you.
UVB therapy can be broad-band UVB or narrow-band UVB. Broad-band UVB uses the full spectrum of UVB radiation while narrow-band UVB uses a small part of the light spectrum. Narrow-band UVB is becoming more common because the reduced spectrum avoids some of the more harmful wavelengths. It's more intensive than broad-spectrum UVB, so treatment times are often shorter.
Children can have UVB treatment but they need to be able to stand or sit still during the treatment. UVB treatment is also safe if you're pregnant. However, PUVA isn't suitable for children and isn't recommended if you're pregnant.
Although light therapy can often completely clear many skin problems, it's not usually a permanent cure and you may need more treatments.
Where to get light therapy
Your GP will refer you to a dermatologist to have light therapy in a hospital. High street sunbeds aren't an effective treatment for skin disorders. This is because they normally emit UVA light, which is less effective at reducing skin disease than UVB.
You will need to attend hospital two to three times a week for a course of light therapy. Treatment carries on until your skin has improved. The time this takes varies between people, and may be quicker if you have three treatment sessions each week. Most people have between 20 and 30 treatments.
Preparation Preparing for light therapy
Your dermatologist will explain how to prepare for your procedure. They will also have a chat with you about what happens before, during and after your procedure, and discuss any pain you might experience. This is a good opportunity to make sure you understand what will happen. It may help to have a think about what questions you'd like answered. These might include information about the risks, benefits and any alternatives to the procedure. Once you're happy, you may be asked to give your consent for the procedure to go ahead by signing a consent form.
Before and during a course of light therapy, you will need to limit any additional exposure to natural ultraviolet light in sunlight. This is because you increase the risk of burning and skin damage. If you start the treatment with a suntan, higher doses of ultraviolet light will be required to achieve the same effect. You also need to make sure you don't put anything on your skin that can enhance the effects of the light.
Your doctor may give you the following advice.
- Cover your skin when out in sunlight and don't use sunbeds.
- Don't eat a lot of foods that contain natural psoralen, which will make you more sensitive to ultraviolet light. These include celery, carrots, figs, citrus fruits, parsnips and parsley.
- Don't use perfumed products, creams, ointments and lotions, unless told to by hospital staff.not use perfumed products, creams, ointments and lotions unless told to by hospital staff.
- Don't cut your hair during your treatment as it may expose skin that was previously covered by hair.
Before a treatment session, it's also important to let the hospital staff know about any new medicines you've started taking (including any herbal medicines). This is because some medicines can make your skin more sensitive to light.
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Alternatives What are the alternatives to light therapy?
Your dermatologist may only suggest light therapy if other treatments for your condition, such as emollients (moisturisers) and medicated creams, haven't worked. Some skin conditions are best treated by light therapy.
If light therapy doesn't work, or you're unable to have it for any reason, your dermatologist may prescribe you a medicine instead.
The procedure What happens during light therapy?
If you're having psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment, you will usually be asked to take a psoralen tablet an hour or two before your ultraviolet A (UVA) therapy. Alternatively, you may be able to use a form of psoralen that you can add to bath water, but you will have the bath in hospital. You can also have psoralen as a cream or gel if you're getting treatment for small areas of your skin. If you've had a psoralen tablet, you'll be asked to wear ultraviolet protective glasses for 24 hours to prevent damage to your eyes. This is because psoralen makes your eyes, as well as your skin, more sensitive to natural sunlight.
Usually a trained phototherapy nurse at a hospital will administer your light therapy. Your dermatologist will work out the best dose for you to start on. This is based on your skin type and how easily you usually burn in sunlight. A test dose of ultraviolet light may be applied to a small area of your skin to help calculate the correct starting dose of ultraviolet light.
Your nurse will ask you to remove any clothing from the area to be treated. If your whole body is being treated, you will keep your underpants on or use a genital shield. You will also be given goggles to protect your eyes during treatment. Your nurse may ask you to apply sunscreen to protect certain parts of healthy skin, for example your neck, lips and nipples.
The ultraviolet light is produced by fluorescent tubes in specially designed cabinets. If you're having treatment for your palms and or soles only, a smaller unit can be used to just treat these areas.
In the first few sessions, your treatment may last for less than a minute. The duration will be gradually increased in later sessions, depending on how you respond to light therapy.
Aftercare What to expect afterwards
You will usually be able to go home immediately after your treatment. Your nurse or dermatologist will give you some advice on how to manage any side-effects.
If you have had psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA), you will be asked to carry on wearing ultraviolet protective glasses for 12 to 24 hours. You will also need to make sure your skin is covered if you're outside or inside near a window.
Risks What are the risks?
As with every procedure, there are some risks associated with light therapy. We have not included the chance of these happening as they are specific to you and differ for every person. Ask your dermatologist to explain how these risks apply to you.
Side-effects are the unwanted but mostly temporary effects you may get after having the procedure.
The following are possible side-effects of light therapy.
- Red skin, similar to sunburn. This should fade over the days following your treatment. You can use moisturisers to help relieve any discomfort.
- Dry and itchy skin. Moisturisers may help to relieve this.
- A rash.
- Cold sores (if you get them).
- Feeling sick if you've had psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatment. Your dermatologist may suggest that you try a different type of medicine or use a PUVA bath if you feel sick with psoralen tablets.
Complications are when problems occur during or after your treatment.
As with natural sunlight, repeated sessions of ultraviolet B (UVB) and PUVA light therapy can increase your risk of skin cancer and premature skin ageing over the long term. The risk is higher the more sessions of light therapy you have. Because of this, your dermatologist will always make sure that you receive the least UVB or PUVA treatment possible to provide a beneficial effect. They will also keep a record of the amount of light therapy you have had in total, to make sure your dose is within safe exposure limits.
There's also a risk of damage to your eyes with PUVA. However, wearing eye protection will reduce this risk.
FAQs FAQs
Why can't I just use natural sunlight and sunbeds to treat my psoriasis?
Natural sunlight is known to be helpful for many people with psoriasis. However, it can be hard to control how much you get and keep it within a safe amount. Sunbeds are of limited or even no value in treating psoriasis, as they don't usually produce the most effective wavelength of light.
Ultraviolet light therapy in a hospital is carefully controlled in terms of both the dose that is delivered to your skin and the wavelength of the light used. Both of these factors will be recorded as your treatment is gradually increased. This means you can be given the most effective light treatment in the safest way.
While natural sunlight can be helpful for people with psoriasis, you need to be careful to avoid overexposure to the sun and sunburn. Talk to your doctor about how to get the most from the sun while keeping safe. If you're already receiving light therapy in hospital, you will be advised to avoid sunlight during a treatment course.
Unfortunately, high street sunbeds aren't tightly controlled, so the exact spectrum of light emitted or dose of light delivered may not be optimal to balance treating the condition against your risk of skin cancer. In addition, the amount of ultraviolet B (UVB) light, which is the most effective type of light for treating psoriasis, is frequently reduced in high street units, as it can be associated with burning if not used carefully. This means that the light produced by sunbeds may be of no benefit in treating psoriasis or it may even be harmful. There is very good evidence demonstrating the link between sunbed use and the risk of skin cancer.
Is light therapy for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) the same as that for skin conditions?
No. With SAD, you can buy your own light-emitting device, such as a light box or dawn simulator, to use at home or at work. You don't have to go to hospital for this type of light therapy as it's a different type of light to that used in the treatment of skin conditions.
The devices that are used for this type of light therapy contain bright light tubes that emit visible (non-ultraviolet) light at least 10 times the intensity of ordinary household light bulbs. To use them, you need to make sure the light is directed towards your eyes. The wavelength of the light is not the same as in ultraviolet B (UVB) or psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy.
UVB or PUVA therapy for skin conditions uses only the ultraviolet part of light, as this is the part that is beneficial. You will usually have it in a hospital under the supervision of medical staff. It's directed at your skin, while your eyes are protected.
Should I carry on using creams and other treatments for psoriasis while I have light therapy?
It can be effective to take other treatments at the same time as having light therapy, but talk to your dermatologist about what is best for you.
Your dermatologist may recommend light therapy in combination with other treatments such as steroid cream. This may help to improve your psoriasis if your symptoms aren't clearing with topical treatment alone.
It can also help to carry on using emollients during your treatment, as this can affect how much ultraviolet light penetrates your skin. However, ask your dermatologist for advice about any creams you're using as some may protect your skin from the light and reduce the effect of the treatment.
If you're taking tablets for psoriasis, it's important to let your dermatologist or phototherapy nurse know, as some tablets can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
Resources Resources
Further information
- British Association of Dermatologists
0207 383 0266
- The Psoriasis Association
0845 676 0076
- Seasonal affective disorder. PatientPlus. www.patient.co.uk/patientplus.asp, published 12 September 2013
- Phototherapy for jaundice. Medscape. www.emedicine.medscape.com, published 19 September 2013
- Psoriasis. NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries. cks.nice.org.uk, published December 2012
- Psoriasis. Medscape. www.emedicine.medscape.com, published 3 April 2014
- Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Section 5 – Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy and photochemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62(1):114–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.026
- PUVA. PatientPlus. www.patient.co.uk/patientplus.asp, published 20 June 2014
- Chronic plaque psoriasis. PatientPlus. www.patient.co.uk/patientplus.asp, published 20 November 2012
- Psoriasis: the assessment and management of psoriasis. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). October 2012. www.nice.org.uk
- Phototherapy. National Psoriasis Foundation. www.psoriasis.org, accessed 22 July 2014
- Psoriasis (chronic plaque). BMJ Clinical Evidence. www.clinicalevidence.bmj.com, published 9 January 2009
- Glickman G, Byrne B, Pineda C, et al. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder with blue narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59(6):502–7
- British Association of Dermatologists
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STEM programs in Anne Arundel County offer challenging and engaging K-12 opportunities for students to become involved with the diverse fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. The STEM Office provides and supports a wide range of STEM related educational opportunities, including the STEM Magnet Programs and BioMedical Allied Health Magnet School, which is a STEM magnet with the BioMedical focus. Since BMAH is a branch of STEM, students in BOTH magnets receive classes in Problem-Based Learning (called Medical Rounds in the BMAH magnet). With interdisciplinary opportunities both in and out of the classroom, the STEM office is helping to encourage students to be critical and creative thinkers and risk-takers through hands-on interactions with technology. Together, we can help prepare our students to succeed in the STEM-driven 21st century.
If you have questions about the STEM program, please call 410-222-5391 (ext. 1)
AACPS STEM/BMAH programs strive to inspire the next generation of STEM-proficient citizens and leaders by igniting and sustaining their passion for lifelong STEM learning in an experiential educational environment that empowers, excites, engages, and establishes connections with a changing global culture. The STEM/BMAH programs focus on teaching the overall STEM ideals through different lenses, such as biomedical and allied health.


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Kentucky: The Bluegrass State
Bluegrass is not really blue-it's green-but in the spring, bluegrass produces bluish-purple buds that when seen in large fields give a rich blue cast to the grass.
Early pioneers found bluegrass growing on Kentucky's rich limestone soil, and traders began asking for the seed of the "blue grass from Kentucky." The name stuck and today Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State."
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Chelsea Handler Addresses Rumors She Slept Her Way To The Top
"I so didn't, and I so don't care about you asking about it."
– That is Chelsea Handler's response to a journalist for Marie Claire @Work asking her about the rumor — legend? slur? — that she only got her show "Chelsea Lately" because she was dating the former head of E! Want to see me become irrationally angry and start breathing fire out of my nose? Suggest Handler only got her show because she slept her way to the top. I have a torn a new asshole on many a buffoon who has dared suggest that luck, talent, hard work and savvy had nothing to do with it. Her bestselling books? Her (since-cancelled) sitcom? Her comedy tours? Her roundtable of comics — like Whitney Cummings — getting their own shows? Her ex-boyfriend's penis must have been pretty damn magical to make all that happen.
When a man has connections in Hollywood, it is called "having connections." But when an attractive and intelligent woman has the same thing, she must have spread her legs to get it. Remember when reporter Andrew Goldman from The New York Times Magazine flat-out asked Whitney Cummings "how accurate" jokes were that she'd slept her way to the top?
You're allowed to think Chelsea Handler is not funny. Lots of people don't. You're allowed to think she's crass. Lots of people do. She herself knows "Chelsea Lately" is not friggin' "Mad Men." But guess what? Neither is "Tosh.0," "The Late Show," "The Soup," or any other show fronted by a funny dude. And that's okay.
Chelseas's millions — and millions, and millions — speak for itself. So, as she might say, shut up. [Marie Claire @Work]
[Photo: Marie [email protected]]
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From Montreal to Vancouver via Seattle, Texas and Toronto, over 32 days on their North American Tour this autumn, Gorillaz recorded a musical diary. The result is a collection of 15 tracks, some with vocals, some without, some combined performances and some solo. The 15 track sonic journal, titled The Fall, was produced by Gorillaz and Stephen Sedgwick.
The music was recorded during spare time while on the road. "I did it because there''s a lot of time that you just spend staring at walls essentially. And it was a fantastic way of doing it" says Damon Albarn. "I found working in the day, whether it''s in the hotel or in the venue, it was a brilliant way of keeping myself well." Adding that the collection is "..like a diary, I literally wrote everything on the day in each place and there''s a strange sort of sound of America and its musical traditions that comes through. It feels like a journey through America."


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22 Comments on "Portlandia Takes On Parenting Books"
The rain stopped @prolixe! It's a February miracle!!!
And thanks for making that link clicky! I saw Mr Gandalf on his unicycle during my Christmas shopping downtown. He's real!!! It's all real! Maybe the Hells-boro suburbs are safe from all the downtown cray cray?
@lazyday – the attendant at my parking garage downtown was asking me why all the young people come here to retire. But he was referring to the gaggle of teens / 20 something's sleeping on a grate reeking of beer. We have lots of hipsters and lots of homeless. It's the strangest place I've ever lived – sometimes good sometimes bad, but always interesting,
I too have recently become addicted to Portlandia….marathon watched all the past episodes on Netflix and now I'm caught up.
I find I'm able to watch some of it over and over and still laugh.
My favorite show. I agree with Seachica, they can beat a joke to death sometimes, but I still love it. Cacao!
I just discovered Portlandia with the Opster..It's wonderful..And a NYTimes article actually made a reference to "put a bird on it". AND the adult hide and seek..Real shit folks!
I love Portlandia.
My favorite skit is when they get engrossed in the TV show (I think Lost) and stay home and then quit their jobs because they are obsessed.
I've done the exact same thing with Netflix. (except quit a job)
I love this show so much! It's totally worth the 8 bucks for Netflix.
Its supposed to rain all weekend! I'm all settled in for a long winter's nap! I'm going to put a bird on it first though.
Love Portlandia and Carrie Brownstein. Saw Sleater-Kinney once at Bumbershoot in the 90s and she was hilarious – she kept yelling at a bunch of dudebros in the back who were kicking a beach ball around.
@Dia I read a really funny quote about why Portland is such a Mecca for hipsters:
"Portland is where people in their 20's go to retire"
@Dia, SERIOUSLY! I went to TJs for some groceries and noticed even the panhandlers decided enough was enough. I guess we're paying for last week's glorious sunshine.
Sorry I can't make it clicky right now.
@prolixe – How are you enjoying this crazy rain today! I feel like we need an Arc!
As a current Portlander, I thought I would share this so the rest of the world has an idea of what it's like here. And yes… ALL of these are real. Portlandia the show is based on some seriously real cray cray!
"Ferocious" is the perfect word to describe her drumming! Great band!
Yeah I read he was a drummer in Chicago punk bands when he was younger. Still plays on the side.
Carrie is indeed a badass. She has to work with Fred! :b
I love Portlandia (thought sometimes I think they're re-hashing). It really does kind of capture what PDX is like sometimes. The reusable bag skit with Jack McBrayer is my favorite. Zupan's is a local "Whole Foods" type store, very expensive but good local food.
@lazyday, did you know Fred's a musician, too?
I just drove past the Sleater-Kinney exit this weekend and that sparked a whole discussion about them in the car.
I love Youtube. The catchiest Sleater-Kinney song has got to be Little Babies with its extremely conflicted feelings about becoming a mother.
And as a live band they were really something special. Janet Weiss is one ferocious drummer.
I bet they put a bird on it.
Carrie Brownstein is a total, utter awesome badass
Carrie Brownstein is the queen of second acts. I was a huge Sleater-Kinny fan, probably saw them a half dozen times over the years. Then I read they split up. A year later I'm watching Portlandia & probably saw a dozen episodes thinking the woman looked so familiar. No idea from where. Punk riot grrrrl guitarist to sketch comedian? Not in a million years would I have made that connection. Impressive.


text: Our Verdict It's not going to set the world alight, but the DAC Box DS is a solid performer For Smooth and balanced sound All the connections you're likely to need Retro display Against Not the most dynamic or punchy listen Reviewed on 11th June 2013 The latest addition to Pro-Ject's Box Design range of compact components is the rather charming DAC Box DS. Available in black and silver, it does largely what you'd expect – accepts digital signals via optical, coaxial or USB inputs (up to 24-bit/96kHz for the first, and 24-bit/192kHz for the other two) and sends them out to your hi-fi via analogue RCA. Pro-ject DAC Box DS: design Displays are still relatively unusual in the world of DACs, especially around this price, so it's a bit of a bonus that the DAC Box DS has one. The bright green lettering and old-school italic font lend a pleasingly retro feel to the whole thing, but we can't help but think that giving around half of the display over to the letters 'D-A-C' is rather a waste – everything else is crammed into the other half, and only the currently selected input is readable from any sort of distance. Pro-ject DAC Box DS: performance Pro-ject DAC Box DS Of course, we're more concerned with what we hear than what we see, and what we hear from the DAC Box DS is very nice. It's a smooth, flowing presentation with a very even tonal balance – from deep, weighty bass to clean and clear treble. It's a delivery in which nothing sticks out, and one that can never be coaxed into harshness – which means it can lend itself to all styles and bit-rates, although you'll obviously hear the benefit if you go for higher-resolution audio. Pro-ject DAC Box DS: verdict The only problem for the Pro-Ject is that it doesn't particularly excel in any area, either. It's not far behind, but the best in class are punchier, more dynamic and more detailed, and as a result the DAC Box DS isn't as exciting a listen as you'll find elsewhere. It is flexible and easy-going, though, and if that's your sort of thing the Pro-Ject DAC Box DS will do a fine job. See all our DAC reviews Follow whathifi.com on Twitter Join us on Facebook Find us on Google+ Where to buy View all » Pro-ject DAC Box DS £249 New, used, refurbished and collectable products at great prices, safely and securely from third parties, at Amazon.co.uk. View Offer Related News Sennheiser launches HDV 820 headphone amp and DAC Tue, 02 May 2017, 03:34pm Apple iOS update prevents DACs working with your iPhone Thu, 27 Apr 2017, 03:15pm Oppo Sonica DAC brings music streaming skills to the party Fri, 03 Feb 2017, 11:25am Chord DAVE competition winner announced Tue, 17 Jan 2017, 11:32am Chord launches Hugo 2 DAC and Poly wireless module Fri, 06 Jan 2017, 01:51am DAC Box DS DACs Hi-Fi Pro-Ject


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The 'Only Girl (In the World)' songstress and the Vietnamese-African model are said to have no problems of being in three-way romance with Chris.
Rumor has it, Rihanna and Karrueche Tran are okay with a love triangle between them and Chris Brown. A source unveiled to Hollywood Life, "He got them both twisted up. I guess he trying to get as much p-y as he can before he leave next month."
"He really like both of them and they know it and they like him too," the source went on. "It's a crazy situation. It's working for them, and if Ri and KT are cool with it, that's all that matters."
However, Riri was reportedly afraid that the rapper would bring Karrueche to her $100,000 Halloween party on Wednesday, October 31. A source explained, "Even though Ri cool with what's going on [between the three of them] I ain't sure if she trying to have KT all up in her party. And KT don't want to go. Ri's crew don't like her. KT should keep her a** at home."
Chris confirmed his split with Karrueche on October 4. He stated, "I have decided to be single to focus on my career. I love Karrueche very much but I don't want to see her hurt over my friendship with Rihanna. I'd rather be single allowing us to both be happy in our lives."
The rapper was reported to have rekindled romance with Riri after the "Take a Bow" songstress visited his Qubeey launch party at Playhouse nightclub in Beverly Hills, California, on October 20. They were reported hugging, as well as sharing a drink and cigarette together.
Later, the hip hop singer sparked rumors that he hadn't moved on from Karrueche after he met the Vietnamese-African model in a gas station in Burbank, Calif. on October 22. The "Kiss Kiss" singer's bodyguard was rumored giving her $20 bill to pay for her gas. On October 28, he attended a Halloween bash at the GreyStone Manor in Los Angeles, the same location where the model was also spotted partying.
"She basically lived at his house when they were together and she still feel some type of way about the entire situation," a Karrueche insider opened up. "She's trying to be over him, but he [keeps] texting and sending her pictures of them together and [telling] her he [misses] her all the time and this and that. I wish he would be with her if he feels that way, but I know he's a dog - but Karrueche doesn't think so."


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Farming is Opportunity. Whether it's a rented garden plot, a backyard in town, a smallholding of a few acres or wide open ranch with big sky, pastures, and forests, farming offers an opportunity to improve ourselves and our environment. Better food, clean food, fresh air, peace and quiet can all be found. Perhaps your motivation is restoring the earth. Maybe you just want to make a few extra bucks. If you want to take it all the way, make a good living, enjoy an awesome lifestyle, you can do it all while at the same time making the world a better place.
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Altamont collaborators No Age just finished their multi-week Canada/US tour in Palm Springs last Saturday, but they will be playing at the Glass House in Pomona, CA this coming Saturday. They will be headlining the FYF Fest Xmas party.
10 bands in 2 rooms. Doors open at 7pm and it's all ages.
$12 tickets available at Origami Vinyl (Echo Park), Fingerprints (Long Beach) and Glasshouse Records (Pomona).
Or you can buy tickets online at ticketfly.
Come and hang out. It will be a blast!


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Pasta Bean Soup Recipe
- 1 large onion, chopped
- 1 large carrot, chopped
- 1 celery rib, chopped
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- 4 cups vegetable or chicken broth
- 3/4 cup uncooked small pasta shells
- 2 teaspoons sugar
- 1-1/2 teaspoons Italian seasoning
- 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- 2 cans (15 ounces each) white kidney or cannellini beans, rinsed and drained
- 1 can (28 ounces) crushed tomatoes
- 3 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
- 1. In a Dutch oven, saute the onion, carrot and celery in oil until crisp-tender. Add garlic; saute 1 minute longer. Add the broth, pasta, sugar, Italian seasoning and pepper flakes.
- 2. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; simmer, uncovered, for 15 minutes or until pasta is tender. Add the beans and tomatoes; simmer, uncovered, for 5 minutes. Garnish with Parmesan cheese. Yield: 6 servings.
Nutritional Facts
1-1/3 cups: 295 calories, 7g fat (1g saturated fat), 2mg cholesterol, 1208mg sodium, 48g carbohydrate (0 sugars, 9g fiber), 13g protein. Diabetic Exchanges: 3 vegetable, 2 starch, 1 lean meat, 1 fat.
Reviews for Pasta Bean Soup
Average Rating
"So good and easy to make."
"80 F today. This soup would not only be good for a winter meal, but had to try it and it was awesome even in the heat. Love this stuff !"
"We loved this soup. I did add a cooked pound of ground beef I had hanging out in the freezer and I think it made it better, but it would have been great without it. I love bean soups with tomatoes and is one of the better recipes I've tried.I was on the phone with my adult son while eating it (why do they always call when you're sitting down to dinner?) and I told him how delicious it was and how it was the best meal I've ever made, which wasn't much of an exaggeration. It really is that good."
"Reminds me of a good minestrone; very hearty and rather tasty."
"This was easy and delicious. I always have these ingredients on hand so it goes together quickly. It was hearty and flavorful - everyone in the family wants me to make it often."
"My husband and I loved this soup. I used Italian Style crushed tomatoes and omitted the Italian seasoning."
"I'd give 5 stars if I'd been able to follow the recipe exactly. But I had to use small macaroni, added a cup of water since it had to sit for a while, and used one can of navy and one can of canary beans as these were the only canned white beans I had on hand. GREAT soup - husband loved it. Just the two of us, so he added one pound of browned hamburger meat and another teaspoon of italian seasoning the next day - good stuff."
"this soup was delicious, enjoyed by all. I did substitute organic spinach for the celery and added some kosher salt."
"Great soup! Nice and thick, no one even noticed there was no meat in it. I substituted basil, garlic and oregano flavored diced tomatoes for the crushed tomatoes and added sliced cabbage."
"
Very simple; made with ingredients I usually have on hand;good on a cold night. Instead of the canned crushed tomatoes, I added some of my frozen diced tomatoes from our garden that I processed in the food processor and a little salt since none was added when I froze them. I added some sliced smoked sausage which was really good, too and made it a little heartier. With some warm crusty bread and fruit, it made a nice dinner.
"
"I tweaked the recipe just a little. I used oregano instead of Italian seasoning and I added a parmasan rind (I always keep some in the freezer instead of throwing them away). I put it in for the last 5 minutes of cooking and then fish it out. Great winter soup."
"easy and tasty! Perfect for snowy winter nights!"
"This is possibly the best soup I've ever made or even tasted. I made a few minor subs to accomodate the things I had on hand. I used half diced and half crushed tomatoes and I used canned carrots. I did omit the spicy peppers. Otherwise it was the same. It's bitter cold this evening but the warmth and burst of flavors from this soup really helped us to feel great. I emailed it to all my friends."
"I made a few changes to this recipe for what I had on hand. I did not have carrots so I used chopped green pepper. I also used beef broth and added 1 pound of cooked and drained ground beef to make it a little more hearty. In addition to the crushed tomatoes I added a small can of diced tomatoes. My daughter and I loved it and she even said she thought the soup was the best I ever made. Recipe is a keeper and will be making it again."
"We loved it, very flavorful. I also used whole wheat pasta shells and added some fresh parsley during the last 5 minutes of cooking. Yum!"
"This is pretty much what we of Italian descent call 'pasta e Fagioli', or pasta with beans, only without the chicken stock. It's been a staple in my family since before I was born, and remains one of my favs! I just LOVE beans! My suggestions: cut back a little on the tomatoes: maybe diced would be better, not as thick, and a little less Italian seasoning: a little goes a long way."
"We did not have white beans, so I used black beans and light red kidney beans. I also added a can of creamed corn. DELICIOUS! The kids even said they liked it!"
"healthy, sturdy anjd just plain good"
"This is very close to Olive Garden's pasta E Fagioli, which we love! Just add hamburger and spaghetti sauce."
"just ok"
"I followed the recipe fairly closely, but made a couple of minor modifications. After sauteeing the veggies in oil, I added all the other ingredients except for the pasta, and let the soup simmer very low for a while to blend the flavors. Then I added the pasta at the end just long enough to cook it through. I used my own homemade chicken broth also."
"Loved it! Hearty and delicious."


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|Agent J
|Known Aliases:
| Jay
|Portrayed By:
| Will Smith (Original)
Cayen Martin (Young)
|First Appearance:
|Men in Black
Agent J (Jay, or just J) is a fictional MIB agent in the film Men in Black, its sequels Men in Black II and Men in Black 3, and Men in Black: The Series. Jay is portrayed by Will Smith in the three films and voiced by Keith Diamond in the animated series.
Early life
Not much is known of the life of James Darrell Edwards III prior to being recruited to MIB. His appearance as a small child in 1969 in Men in Black 3 would place his year of birth in 1965. His father, United States Army Colonel James Darrell Edward II, was working security at Kennedy Space Center for the Apollo 11 launch when he was murdered by Boris the Animal after assisting Agent K in stopping a chain of events that would have led to K's death and a widescale invasion of Earth forty years later. Although young James was present at the event, K uses the neuralyzer on the young boy, saying his father was a hero. James was left with his father's pocket watch to remember him by. Nothing else is known about the preceding twenty-eight years save that James became an accomplished police officer with the New York City Police Department. It does not appear as if he had any family by the mid-1990s.
Though little is known of J's personal life outside of his role as an agent of Men in Black, he is known to be a big fan of both video games, which he is seen playing in his off hours, and rap music. A line of dialogue from Men in Black II suggests his mother once bought him a Game Boy.
Men in Black
Agent J's MIB career starts out when, as NYPD officer James Edwards, he runs down a swift, wall-climbing alien on foot. When MIB Agent K notices his potential, he recruits him into the MIB (it should be noted that within the continuity of the series, the events of Men in Black 3 would imply that K recognized J from their meeting in the 60s). At first, Edwards is suspicious, but he decides to join. He is registered as Agent J and his energetic, enthusiastic attitude brings humor to a bland organization. J is not fond of K's diminutive references to him (son, sport, slick, kid, etc.), but gets used to it. In his various adventures, he encounters Frank, the dog; finds out that Jeebs, the pawn store owner is actually an alien, not just a buyer of stolen goods from chain snatchers like he originally thought when he was a detective; and delivers a baby squid. Their first official mission is to stop an alien Bug from leaving Earth with a tiny galaxy before the galaxy's owners disintegrate the planet. During the final confrontation with the bug, K is swallowed by it in an attempt to get his gun back, leaving J to keep him on Earth. When he starts squishing cockroaches, the Bug confronts him, but before it can attack him, K shoots it from the inside. The Bug was finally killed by Dr. Laurel Weaver (Linda Fiorentino), a morgue worker. When K requests to be neuralyzed (a memory-wiping procedure) to retire, J fulfills the request and his new partner is Laurel, who becomes known as Agent L.
Men in Black: The Series
Agent J in this story is a partner of Agent K, who either retired or returned after being retired, J despite being one of the NYPD's best and most experienced, is considered a rookie by K and Chief Z, both never really let him drive an official MIB Car for unknown reasons.
Men in Black II
At some point between the first and second film, L goes back to her morgue career, because J has gained a reputation for neuralyzing all of his partners for, in his opinion, unsuitability to work at MIB; at the beginning of the film, he neuralyzes his new partner Agent T because he forces T to admit that he joined the agency to be a hero, something that is fundamentally impossible in the Men in Black due to the secretive nature of the organization. Other than that, he has developed into a superb and highly respected agent. When he is sent to get K back to face a new threat to which only he had details of locked away in his mind, J's temporary partner is an alien disguised as a talkative pug, Frank. J investigates a murder at a local pizza joint committed by Serleena, the Kylothian queen who has arrived to find the Light of Zartha after destroying several planets. During the investigation, he meets and falls in love with an employee named Laura Vasquez. Despite the MIB's policy, J does not neuralyze her. J then heads to find Kevin Brown who holds the key to finding the Light of Zartha and stopping Serleena before she could get her hands on the Light. When K is de-neuralyzed, J is once again the rookie, but for revenge, J gives K the Noisy Cricket (the tiny gun that K saddled him with in the first movie, though it does have a strong blast). The duo discover the light is Laura, and J (reluctantly) allows her to fulfill her destiny as he and K finally destroy Serleena for good.
During the film, J has a particular enmity with the alien criminal known as Jara, whom J stopped from stealing the Earth's ozone layer.
Men in Black 3
In the third film J has become a well respected rank A MIB agent in the year 2012. The escaped alien criminal Boris the Animal time-travels back to 1969 and murders a young K, which could result in the end of the world as K was no longer present to establish a force-field that could permanently protect Earth from invasion by Boris's species. Thanks to "being there" when the major moment in history changed (the installation of the ArcNet), J was able to retain all memory of K. J travels back to 1969 to save his partner although hampered by his lack of knowledge of K's personal life or the specific details of the case that killed him. To keep the present unchanged by Boris's interference, J advises K to kill the Boglodite instead of arresting him as in the original timeline. Despite the odds, J and the young K are able to activate the ArcNet force field around Earth and defeat the Borises with the older one getting burned to death by Apollo 11's exhaust; K kills the younger Boris after witnessing him killing a colonel, who is later revealed to be J's father. J also witnessed the young K neuralyzing the young J and then telling the young James that his father was a hero. Following his return to the present timeline, J, now knowing of his father's last moments, comes by to the old K and thanks him for watching his back, to which K responds that it was a 'privilege.' J's younger self was portrayed by Cayen Martin.
See also
External links
|Peter Pan Films
|Men in Black • Men in Black II • Men in Black III
|Agent J • Agent K • Frank the Pug
|Neuralyzer • Noisy Cricket


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In an interview this week, erstwhile First Lady Ann Romney claimed that the Obama campaign's insinuation that her husband lied during his successful debate was nothing more than the poor sportsmanship one might see among kids playing in a sandbox. This might, of course, be a valid argument if her husband, republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, didn't actually lie.
But he did.
Lots of times.
On tax policy alone, Romney's mendacity was breathtaking. He claimed not to have proposed a $5.0 trillion tax cut when the mathematics of his stated plan for a 20% across the board tax cut equals $4.8 trillion. He claimed that the deficit won't go up in spite of those tax cuts plus the extra two trillion he wants to spend on defense – more than the Pentagon has even asked for and his stated intention not to raise taxes on anyone. Some observers counted 27 misstatements, quarter-truths, obfuscations and flat out prevarications offered by Romney over the 90 minute debate, including his assertion that his health care finance proposal covers pre-existing conditions. He neglected to mention that you're covered only to the extent that you already have insurance.
Throughout the summer, the Romney/Ryan mendacity ticket put out lie, after lie after "Pants on Fire" lie, from the President's handling of waivers under welfare reform, to the President's approach to diplomacy, to the President's spending on the military. Those don't even count the "Mostly False" and "False" statements from the Romney campaign. In fact, Politifact states so far that over 40% of Mitt Romney's statements fall within the categories of "Mostly False" and "Pants on Fire". He has either misrepresented to the American people or to the federal government (a felony) his specific role at Bain Capital.
Mitt Romney was for a woman's right to her own reproductive health care decisions before he was against it. He was for nationally-based health care finance reform – including the individual mandate – before he was against it. He was in favor of civil rights for same sex couples before he was against it. He was for gun control before he was against it. He was for a ban on assault weapons before he was against it. That his policy stances are driven by short-term objectives instead of core principles should be disqualifying to any reasonable person looking to cast a ballot on November 6th.
The Mormon cultural proclivity of "lying for the Lord" has been acknowledged by persons both inside and outside of the faith and may be the reason behind Mr. Romney's stunningly apparent reflex for falsehood.
"Newsweek/Daily Beast reporter Jamie Reno published a provocative interview this week with Sue Emmett, a direct descendent of Brigham Young and a former LDS Church member, that plumbs controversial aspects of Mormon faith and culture, including the status of women in the faith and a tendency among some Mormons to manage the way they speak with non-Mormons about complicated aspects of our history and religious practice.
Flagging concern about how this highly managed communications style has impacted the Romney campaign and might shape a Romney presidency, Reno quotes a former LDS Church employee, who states, "Every Mormon grows up with the idea that it's OK to lie if it's for a higher cause.""