text:
Department of Computer Science
SUNY Geneseo
IViPP ("Interactive Visualizations in Particle Physics") is a program for visualizing the outputs of computational particle physics models. IViPP inputs data describing points, possibly moving, in three-dimensional space, and produces three-dimensional graphical displays of those points. Users can interact with the display, by changing their viewing point and by isolating subsets of the data. IViPP is highly extensible, i.e., it is easy to change for new input formats, new ways of viewing points, or new ways of interacting with them.
IViPP arose from a need to view the outputs of certain computational particle physics models in three dimensions. The models in question typically simulate the evolution of a system of particles over some time period or during some interaction, and output large text files containing the histories or final states of each particle. These files present the results of a simulation in perfect detail, and can be input to further automatic data analysis, but a graphical presentation better communicates a qualitative summary of the results to humans. Existing programs for displaying this data graphically are limited in various ways — for example, in only producing two dimensional displays, in only handling certain kinds of data, etc.
When we started considering visualization needs in particle physics, it quickly became apparent that many modeling programs lack good visualization tools, and that users want to view or interact with simulation results in a virtually unlimited number of ways. The critical need is therefore not a visualization program for a particular modeling program, but a visualization architecture that can easily be adapted to accommodate new models, new ways of viewing data, new ways of interacting with data, etc. IViPP defines and implements such an architecture.
IViPP's most general goal is to allow humans to filter data from computational particle physics models. Very broadly, IViPP's use cases (abstract interactions with users) are therefore…
Figure 1 summarizes this usage model.
Figure 1.
Typical IViPP Use.
The main design goals for IViPP are to handle the above use cases in an extensible way, i.e., in a way that allows programmers to easily add new file formats, viewing styles, interactions, etc. to the program. Furthermore, because IViPP is developed in an academic environment, it needs to be supportable by a small, part-time, team. These needs for extensibility and low support costs dictate that IViPP should be largely machine and operating system independent, so that porting it to new machines or operating systems does not require large rewrites, and to minimize the number of different versions of the program that need to be supported.
IViPP has an object oriented design that makes heavy use of the Strategy design pattern [Gamma] for extensibility. Specifically, IViPP is organized as a set of modules, for example a module that reads data from files, another that displays data for users, etc. At run time, each module is an object; modules communicate with each other solely by exchanging messages. Each module's message interface is defined by its class. To extend IViPP in some way, one simply writes new subclasses of one or more module classes. Instances of the new subclasses handle the messages appropriate to their module, and so can be "plugged in" to IViPP at any time (even while it is running). However, each subclass can respond to messages in its own way, so different subclasses provide different alternatives for how each module behaves. For example, consider the modules that display data for users (known as a "renderers" in IViPP parlance). At any given time, only one renderer object is active in IViPP, and so data are only displayed in one way (e.g., perhaps as dots at particles' final positions). However, to change the display (e.g., perhaps to lines showing particles' paths), a user can simply replace the original renderer object with a different one chosen from a menu.
Figure 2 shows IViPP's main modules and how data moves between them. The overall data flow reflects the usage model of Figure 1 closely. Input is handled by "reader" objects. Users interact with a visualization via "renderer" and "interaction tool" objects — renderers draw data, interaction tools select subsets of the data for display or saving. The user interface to both renderers and interaction tools is provided by "control panel" objects. Output is handled by "writer" objects. A "database" object provides a central place for the other objects to deposit data to or fetch data from. A number of additional classes support those shown in Figure 2, for example by providing internal representations of data.
Figure 2.
Major IViPP Modules.
The term "database" is used in IViPP in a very general sense, simply denoting a data structure that organizes the data that IViPP has available to display. IViPP does not use (or need) a database management system in the common, information systems, sense of the word. IViPP's database-related classes include one that represents the main data structure, and a hierarchy of classes that represent things that can be stored in that structure.
IViPP's database is an instance of the
Database class.
Database objects
contain a set of vectors (i.e., adjustable-size arrays), one vector for each
kind of data in the database.
database usually contains a vector of particle data, it may contain another
vector of
the particles collide with, etc. These vectors are known as "columns" in
the database. Columns
can be created at will, so exactly what columns are in IViPP's database
is determined by what sorts of data the current reader knows how
to read and
create columns
columns can be read or not at will, so exactly what data is displayed to users
is determined by which columns the current renderer knows how to process.
are identified by string names. The database uses a hash table to map
column names to data vectors.
Clients usually interact with the database by fetching a column from it, and then either iterating over that column to process the data it contains, or adding new data to it.
Database objects also record a bounding box for the region of
space that contains the "interesting" items in the database. Reader
objects define the bounding box as they read data files, so the reader for
a file type
determines what items are "interesting" for
that type.
The most
important messages to
Database objects are the following:
Objects stored in IViPP's database must be instances of the
VisData ("Visualizable
Data") class,
or one of its subclasses. Figure 3 illustrates
VisData and
its key subclasses. Of these classes,
ParticleWithEnergy represent actual particles (or, more generally,
points) —
PtData represents
stationary particles, while
ParticleWithEnergy represents moving
ones (i.e., particles
with kinetic
energy). Class
TargetData represents targets with which particles
collide. A
VoxelData object describes a region of space (a voxel),
recording the total number of particles in that region but not the individual
particles. Voxels
display in different colors, according to the number of particles they contain.
This provides a way to visually summarize particle densities, and to draw large
data sets faster than would be possible plotting each particle individually.
Figure 3.
The Main Data Classes in IViPP.
VisData objects respond to the
draw message
by drawing themselves. Each subclass of
VisData provides its own
draw method,
so each kind of visualizable data has its own, unique, visual representation.
However, to allow renderers to influence how particles
appear, the
draw message takes an integer parameter, which is
interpreted as a vector of flag
draw methods
use these flags in class-specific ways to tailor how they draw
objects; authors of renderers need to know how the particles their renderer
draws will interpret the flags.
To record the subset of the
displayed data that a user has selected for saving or other special processing,
VisData object can be in one of two states: "on" (i.e., selected)
or "off" (not
selected). The
off, and
isOn messages shown in Figure
3 allow clients to
change and query a
VisData object's selection state.
IViPP's user interface is loosely based on the model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern [Sasine]. The MVC pattern divides an interactive application into core data (the model), one or more displays of that data (the views), and mechanisms through which users can modify the data (the controllers). IViPP's model, not surprisingly, is the information in its database. Renderers form the view part of the pattern. Controllers are provided by control panels.
Models, views, and controllers in IViPP are not as strictly separated
as they are in the classical MVC pattern, however.
Not all control panels are technically controllers; some serve more as secondary
views, status displays, etc. Even those control panels that are, properly speaking,
controllers place interaction
tools in the database in order to visually
show what the control panel
and to mediate
with the
database. Interaction
tools have characteristics of both models and controllers: they are
model elements in being stored in the database, and they are controller
elements in helping control panels alter the database. Furthermore, all model
objects participate in viewing via the
draw message. Finally,
views and controllers are paired in a pure MVC scheme, so that for every view
there is exactly one controller, but IViPP
typically has one view with multiple controllers.
A renderer displays the particles and other objects in IViPP's database.
A typical renderer iterates over one or more database columns,
drawing the objects it encounters. The basic drawing is done by
sending the object a
draw message, but different renderers may
pass different flags to this message to modify the object's appearance.
Renderers may also differ in which columns they process.
Figure 4 shows the most important renderer classes in IViPP. Class
Renderer defines the interface to all renderers, namely a
drawData message that causes
a renderer to draw its parts of a database. This message's parameter
is the
database to draw.
Figure 4.
IViPP's Major Renderer Classes.
The renderers that IViPP actually creates are instances of classes from the bottom row of Figure 4. These classes render data as follows…
VoxelData objects, described above) from
the database. When created, a
VoxelRenderer adds a column of voxel
data to the database if one does not already exist. The information in this
column is computed from the database's particle data.
All of these renderers share a great deal of behavior. They differ in how
they draw particles, but all draw targets in the same way, all draw any interaction
tools the user may have created, etc. Class
StandardParticleRenderer captures
these commonalities. This class uses the Template Method design pattern [Gamma],
providing a
drawData method that implements the common rendering
algorithm via a series of messages that a renderer sends to itself. In particular,
common rendering algorithm consists of the following steps:
drawAxes message)
drawClip message)
drawParticles message)
drawTarget message)
drawSelectors message)
drawClip message)
drawVisPlane message).
StandardParticleRenderer defines methods
handle each common rendering message in the most common way, but subclasses
can override any of those methods. Currently, most subclasses override the
drawParticles method, but use the inherited methods for all other
steps. If a renderer is ever needed for which the common rendering algorithm
is completely inappropriate, that renderer can be a direct subclass of
Renderer and
define an arbitrary
drawData method.
Visually, a control panel appears as a window, usually containing such user interface components as buttons, text fields, etc. For example, Figure 5 shows a control panel that allows users to select particles relative to a conical region of space. The control panel lets the user control the size and orientation of this selection region, and to either select or deselect particles inside or outside of the region.
Figure 5.
A Control Panel.
IViPP has many different kinds of control panel, implemented as subclasses
of a
ControlPanel class. Figure 6 shows the
heart of the control panel class hierarchy.
Figure 6.
The Control Panel Class Hierarchy.
MainControlPanel class provides the window within which renderers
display data. The class's name reflects the fact that this window is
the central thing users see and interact with when using IViPP. This control
panel uses a "virtual trackball" algorithm (adapted from [Angel],
Section 4.10.2) to rotate the view of the database that the user sees, based
on certain mouse motions.
control panels also translate the view in response to other mouse motions.
To implement these viewing transformations, main control panels accumulate
small rotations or translations derived from moment-to-moment mouse movement
in a
viewing transformation matrix, which they then make available to the active
renderer. Main control panels also provide
a pull-down menu with which users issue commands to IViPP, notably including
the commands that create other control panels. IViPP creates one
MainControlPanel object
upon start-up, and never replaces or destroys it.
InteractionToolControlPanel is a superclass from
which all control panels for interaction tools inherit. Every interaction tool
a control panel, and every interaction tool control
panel controls exactly one interaction tool. Thus there
is always a one-to-one pairing between interaction tool control panels open
on the screen, and interaction tool objects in the database. The
InteractionToolControlPanel class
provides basic features of all interaction tools, namely the abilities to save
the state
the tool
a file
and later
state, to define and apply default values for the tool's parameters,
and to remove the tool. Every interaction tool control panel also provides
text fields in which users can view and change the tool's parameters,
although the exact set of fields depends on the tool.
InteractionToolControlPanel has two immediate subclasses,
SelectorControlPanel and
Selector control panels allow users to
particles in the database. There are several different kinds of selector in
IViPP (see below), each of which corresponds to a subclass
Figure 5 illustrates one of the selector control panels.
Clipping control panels define planes that "clip," or
remove, parts of a visualization. This allows users to see the interior of
a dense cluster of points, for example. Note that clipping only affects what
data are displayed by renderers, it does not physically remove data from the
StatisticControlPanel represents a somewhat unusual feature of
IViPP, as
StatisticControlPanel objects are the only elements
of IViPP that do data analysis. Specifically, a statistics control panel computes
and displays an energy histogram of
the currently selected particles.
Figure 7 is an example of a statistics control panel.
Figure 7.
A Statistics Control Panel.
FileNameControlPanel class defines control panels that present
file selection dialogs to users.
FileNameControlPanel itself defines
a rudimentary dialog box containing a text field for the file name and "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.
Subclasses of
FileNameControlPanel provide
more elaborate dialogs or define how a control panel responds to its buttons:
OpenControlPanel provides
general dialogs for selecting a file from which to read something, while
SaveControlPanel provides
general dialogs for selecting a file into which to save something. Subclasses
of both
OpenControlPanel and
SaveControlPanel correspond to specific types
of data that can be read and saved (e.g., particle data, the states of other
control panels, etc.)
MessageControlPanel objects are windows that display text. Message control
panels are very simple control panels, providing no controls other than scroll
arrows for moving through the text. IViPP
MessageControlPanel object upon start-up, which it uses to display error messages
and similar information for its user.
The two kinds of interaction tool in IViPP are selectors and clipping planes.
As mentioned already, selectors allow users to select sets of particles, while
clipping planes allow users to temporarily remove data from the display.
All interaction tools descend from the
VisData class, and are
stored in the database. Thus interaction tools are visible in the main control
panel, and
are drawn by renderers like all other
VisData objects. Figure
8 shows
IViPP's interaction
tool classes.
Figure 8.
IViPP's Interaction Tool Classes.
Selectors allow users to select particles for saving to files or histogramming
in statistics control panels.
IViPP currently provides two kinds of selector, both of which select particles
relative to certain regions
of space. Each kind of selector allows users to independently select or deselect
the particles that lie inside or outside the selection region. With this feature,
users may select particles according to boolean combinations of several selectors
(for example, select all particles that lie inside one selector's
region and outside another's). For
SphereSelector selectors, the selection region lies between two concentric
spheres. For
ConeSelector selectors, the selection region is a cone. Both kinds
of selector allow users to adjust the size, position, orientation, etc. of
selection regions.
As the term suggests, a clipping plane represents a plane through
space. Renderers that are aware of clipping planes only draw other objects
on one side of
this plane. Class
ClipData represents clipping planes.
Users can create and destroy interaction tools at will. The main control panel's menu provides commands for creating instances of the various interaction tools. Creating an interaction tool causes it to be entered into the database, and also creates a control panel with which the user can control the interaction tool. Selectors are stored in a database column named "Selectors," and clipping planes in one named "Clipping." Every interaction tool control panel provides a "Close" button that removes the tool from the database and destroys it and its control panel.
IViPP is built on a platform-independent library that provides windows, menus (but no other user interface components), and a callback mechanism for notifying IViPP of user inputs. IViPP provides the rest of its user interface infrastructure for itself. In particular, IViPP defines its own event-based model for communicating information about user inputs between objects, and defines several additional classes of user interface component.
IViPP's underlying user interface library uses callbacks to notify client programs of user input. In other words, client programs register client functions with the library; the library later calls these functions when certain input actions happen. Code inside the library actually detects input. The most important callbacks for IViPP correspond to mouse movement, mouse button clicks, and keyboard input. The library invokes callbacks via conventional function calls, not messages to objects. IViPP, on the other hand, needs to notify a control panel object when input happens in the window corresponding to that control panel. IViPP thus registers as callback functions conventional functions that translate callback calls into messages to control panels. These callback functions use a global vector that maps window identifiers to control panels to find the control panel that controls the currently active window. The callback function then sends a message corresponding to the type of callback (mouse motion, keyboard input, etc.) to that control panel, passing along any parameters provided to the callback function.
When a control panel receives a callback message, it may handle the input directly (for example, by adding a character to an input field), but often the control panel has to translate the low-level input action into a higher level event that is meaningful to other parts of IViPP (for example, translating a mouse click into notification that a particular user interface button in a particular control panel has been pressed). The raw translation is done by determining whether a mouse click was within a particular region of a window, whether a keystroke was a command-confirming key (such as the "enter" key), etc. Once translated, however, other parts of IViPP generally need to be notified of the high-level event.
High-level events in IViPP are of two types. The mechanism for notifying objects of events depends on the event type.
Figure 9 illustrates typical delayed event handling. In
response to some user action (e.g., a mouse click), a control panel recognizes
that the user has
issued a command that the control panel itself cannot carry out immediately.
The control panel therefore creates an event object that encodes the command
and any parameters it requires, and enqueues that object on the delayed event
queue (a global object
eventManager). At some later time, the
display method
in the main control panel executes, and tells the event manager to process
all queued events. (The
display method runs periodically,
through the callback mechanism, and will always run soon after a delayed
event has been enqueued.) The event manager dequeues the event, and sends it
process message. In response to this message, the event executes
a method that processes the original
user command. Different user commands correspond to different subclasses of
the main event class, with different
process methods. Often, although
not inevitably, processing an event includes destroying the
the event.
Figure 9.
Handling a Delayed Event.
Because the library on which IViPP is built provides little support for creating
graphical user interfaces, IViPP defines the additional
user interface
components shown
in Figure
10. These classes represent check boxes,
two kinds of button, uneditable text labels, and one-line editable text fields.
Among the buttons, arrow buttons are labeled solely with arrows, and
are typically used as "increment" or "decrement" buttons,
or for scrolling. Text buttons are labeled with arbitrary text, and are typically
used for less stylized commands than the arrow buttons. All user interface
components render themselves in a window in response to the
draw message,
and test whether a point lies inside the component in response to the
inside message.
Figure 10.
IViPP Classes for User Interface Components.
Many different kinds of information can be read into IViPP and saved from it. The most important is particle data, which IViPP must be able to read and save in order to be useful at all. However, IViPP can also save and restore the state of interaction tools, and the results of the data analyses performed by statistics control panels.
As outlined in Figure 2, particle data is read into IViPP
by reader objects, and written by writer objects. A
Reader class
defines the interface
for all
readers; different subclasses implement this interface for different
particle file formats. Similarly, a
Writer class defines
the interface for writer objects, with subclasses implementing it for different
output file
A reader's main job is to extract data from a file
created by an external program, and store that data in IViPP's database.
Note, however, that readers don't necessarily read every single piece
of data from a file. For example, some readers are deliberately designed to
filter complex
visualizations. The crucial message to readers is
readFile, which
takes the database, the file, and a set of flags (allowing clients to adjust
a reader
as parameters. This message causes the reader to read all its data from the
file, and store that data in the database. While reading the file,
the reader also keeps track of the bounding box for the
or other objects described by the file, and adds that bounding box to the
database when reading is finished. Readers currently exist for
three file
two produced by a program called SRIM [Ziegler],
and one produced by a program known as MCNP™ [MCNP].
A writer's job is to save selected particles to an external file.
The main message to writers is
writeToFile, which takes the database,
the file, and a set of flags as parameters. Two writers currently exist, one
that produces a VRML version of a visualization (which can be displayed by
many Web browsers), and one that produces
text describing the selected particles (which can be read by many spreadsheets
or other data analysis programs).
Every interaction tool can save its state to a file, and restore its state from a file. This feature allows a selection or view created for one data set to be saved and later reused with other data — for example, a common set of selection criteria could be applied to the results from a whole series of experiments.
Every interaction tool class provides its own save and restore methods. Separate readers and writers, such as exist for particle data, are unnecessary, because file formats are simple and need not be compatible with external programs. In general, interaction tools use a simple text format for their file representations, which keeps the reading and writing algorithms simple, and allows the files to be viewed or altered with a standard text editor for testing or debugging.
Saving a statistics control panel writes a complete description of the control panel's settings (number of bins, etc.) and histogram, plus complete descriptions (position, direction, and energy) of each selected particle, into a file. Restoring a statistics control panel from a file restores the saved settings, and reads the saved particle data into a new column in IViPP's database. The histogram contained in the file is ignored — the restored control panel reconstructs its histogram from the new database column. This strategy means that users can later change the restored control panel's settings in order to histogram the retrieved data differently.
Although saved histograms are not used when restoring a statistics control panel, they can be used by external programs that read the saved control panel data. To facilitate reading by external programs, statistics control panel files have a simple text format.
The success of IViPP's architecture is measured by the extent to which concrete implementations work as intended, and provide the desired extensibility and platform independence.
IViPP is written in C++, using the OpenGL® [Shreiner] graphics application programming interface. The "platform-independent library" for windowing and basic user input mentioned earlier is the GLUT toolkit [Kilgard]. C++, OpenGL, and GLUT are all available on most computing platforms, making IViPP highly portable. However, using platform-independent tools means that IViPP cannot take advantage of operating-system-specific user interface toolkits (thus the need to write many user interface components for IViPP), and probably imposes some performance penalty relative to system-specific graphics libraries (although this effect is minimized by the effectiveness with which OpenGL implementations use current graphics hardware).
Many features of IViPP were added after the basic architecture was defined.
In particular, the ability to read and render data from MCNP, the statistics
control panel, and clipping planes are all major features that were not envisioned
when the architecture was first defined. Although adding these features has
required some changes to the architecture (a notable example being that clipping
planes were the first non-selector interaction tool, and so required adding
InteractionTool class as a common superclass for clipping
planes and selectors), the basic architecture has accepted these new features
IViPP presently runs under Microsoft's Windows XP® operating system, Apple Computer's Mac OS X® operating system, and several variants of the UNIX® operating system, including the Linux® and Sun OS™ forms.
IViPP has been successfully tested on data sets ranging in size from ten particles to one million. As a rough indication of its speed, IViPP renders just about 200,000 stationary particles (single points) per second on a mid-range computer (an Apple PowerBook® G4 running at 550 MHz, with a 16 MB ATI RAGE™ M6 graphics adaptor).
To date, IViPP has been used in one "production" project (i.e., a project not conceived primarily as a test of IViPP itself). This project created a computational model of a certain series of nuclear reactions; the model required tables giving energy distributions for nuclei with various initial energies after they passed through a thin plastic film. To generate these tables, we used SRIM to model a large number of nuclei entering the film for each initial energy range, and then used IViPP to histogram the energies of the nuclei that exited on the film's other side. The histograms were produced by statistics control panels, which were saved and then read by the nuclear reaction model to initialize its tables. IViPP's inputs in this project consisted of up to 99,999 moving particles. IViPP handled these data sets without difficulty.
IViPP's architecture provides the robust flexibility it was intended to. It reads three different file formats, writes two, and incorporates three distinct renderers. From a single code package, it runs on three different computer systems. It has gracefully accepted significant features added after the basic architecture was defined. Last, but certainly not least, IViPP displays realistically large data sets at acceptable speeds.
IViPP is still being extended and improved — indeed, if the reasons for wanting an extensible architecture are valid, and the design sound, IViPP should never really be finished. In the immediate future, we hope to greatly expand IViPP's ability to handle data from MCNP and similar programs, in particular to visualize particles' evolution over time, and to display the geometry of the materials with which particles interact. Material geometry is often described using constructive solid geometry, so research in ways of rapidly rendering constructive solid geometry is a prominent part of current work on IViPP.
IViPP is in large part the product of a great many students at SUNY Geneseo. The program arises from an SRIM-specific visualizer developed in the Spring of 2001 as a class project by Mark Valites and Dan Born. Jake Clements added many features of the current IViPP to this project, and contributed to the extensible design that is the hallmark of IViPP proper. Cindy Wong, Genevieve Herres, and Elena Kornienko coded most of the present IViPP; Brian Aloisio and Ryan Kinal are currently extending it.
Dr. Stephen Padalino of Geneseo's physics department recognized the potential of IViPP in nuclear physics research, and has been an enthusiastic supporter from the beginning.
Design and development of IViPP is funded by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the United States Department of Energy, and the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester.
Trademarks mentioned in this report are as follows: "Linux" is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. "MCNP" is a trademark of the Regents of the University of California. "Mac OS X" and "Powerbook" are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. "OpenGL" is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. "RAGE" is a trademark of ATI Technologies, Inc. "SunOS" is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. "UNIX" is a registered trademark of The Open Group. "Windows XP" is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
[Angel] E. Angel, Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-Down Approach Using OpenGL. Addison-Wesley, 2003.
[Gamma] E. Gamma et al., Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[Kilgard] M. Kilgard. "The OpenGl Utility Toolkit (GLUT) Programming Interface." 1996.
[MCNP] Anonymous. "MCNP — A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code — Version 5." http://laws.lanl.gov/x5/MCNP/index.html
[Sasine] J. M. Sasine and R. J. Toal, "Implementing the Model-View-Controller Paradigm in ADA-95." Proceedings of TRI-Ada '95, Nov. 1995. pp 202 - 211.
[Shreiner] D. Shreiner et al. The OpenGL Programming Guide (4th ed.) Addison-Wesley, 2004.
[Ziegler] J. Ziegler. "Particle Interactions with Matter." http://www.srim.org/


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text:
To increase awareness about Laughter Therapy, on the proposal of Shri Kishore
Kuvavala Priyadarshni Academy organized a laughing competition on April 14, 1996 at Priyadarshni Park, South Mumbai, which received an overwhelming response with
the participation of more than 700 people. Ms. Charu Singh, Chief Executive
Officer of Priyadarshni Academy co-ordinated the event publicity and awareness
with resultant wide coverage by print media as well as national and
international TV networks, such as Doordarshan, Zee TV, BBC, CNN, ATN, Sky TV, NHK, Japan and various cable networks all over the world. The Competition was
co-sponsored by the Bank of Baroda at the behest of its Chairman & Managing


text:
Near and dear
Page Tools
The Sharp LC37GA4X.
Picture: Supplied
LCD has some advantages over plasma, but price isn't one of them, writes Rod Easdown.
Call me an old cynic but I learnt long ago that price is not always a guide to performance. It seems to be a common practice in electronics to have a high recommended retail price - it makes the retailers' discounts look big. And many people seem to think that LCD (liquid crystal display) technology is superior to plasma because it costs more.
LCD is a newcomer to home theatre but it's certainly not new - LCD screens have been around for years. Until a few years ago they didn't get any bigger than computer screens. The factories making them were, and mostly still are, geared to making small LCDs, from the screens on phones and cameras to notebook computers.
Making bigger LCDs requires big capital investment, usually a new factory, and because these screens are a recent development, their makers are still trying to claw back these expenses. That's why LCDs are expensive but are likely to become much cheaper as they become more common.
LCDs have several advantages over plasmas.
In most circumstances they use less power, they generate less heat and they last longer but this is hardly an issue since premium plasmas run for 60,000 hours until they fade to half their brightness.
At five hours a day, that equals 33 years.
Nor do LCDs suffer screen burn-in, a weakness of plasmas and why they frequently have screen savers. LCDs also don't suffer from pixel burn-out, a rare but scary problem with plasmas for which there is no fix: you either put up with one pixel that's out to lunch, which becomes a permanent dot on the screen, or replace the entire panel.
LCDs do have disadvantages against plasmas. They're often less bright, they usually have far less contrast and cheaper models don't handle rapid movement well. That's because LCDs were developed for showing the static displays you get on computer screens and organisers, so response times are slow. Rapid movement on a screen with a slow response time causes the image to smear.
It pays to watch carefully when auditioning LCDs. Ideally, take along your own software.
Sharp LC37GA4X
rrp $6599 (seen for $5999)
Installers will find this a flexible screen with DVI connectivity, giving premium image-transfer quality. It has 1366x768 resolution and the audio quality is first class. Brightness is down slightly on the Toshiba but contrast is comparable as are the viewing angles. Dimensions: 1102mm wide x 548mm high x 100mm deep; weighs 26kilograms.
Toshiba 37WL48
rrp $6299 (seen for $5999)
Lots of good stuff here, such as HDMI connectivity for premium image transfer quality, 1366x768 resolution, good contrast, great brightness, excellent viewing angles and a five-year warranty. The sound is also good with plenty of depth and volume. Dimensions: 916x661x109; weighs 30kg.
rrp $7199 (seen for $4999)
A good-looking TV with wide viewing angles and excellent brightness. It has DVI connectivity for premium image-transfer quality and good contrast. Sound is excellent and image resolution is 1366x768. It has the biggest cabinet size here and the shortest warranty at one year. Dimensions: 1081x622x127; weighs 26kg.
We liked the Toshiba most and it's the one we'd buy. It has a bright, vital picture and excellent connectivity. There is so little between the Sharp and the LG, apart from warranty, that we'd choose the cheaper LG.
Get The Age home delivered for as little as $2.70 a week*


text:
Geelong's top four hopes have been kept alive after a thrilling win against Essendon, with coach Chris Scott saying doom-sayers who have been queuing up for their 'power' era to end would have to wait.
The Friday night game at Etihad Stadium in front of 43,732 spectators started off as a Geelong-lead massacre then turned into a mid-game thriller after Essendon found form in the third quarter.
By the fourth quarter, it was a game of whiplash, with the lead swapping four times before a last-minute goal from Tom Hawkins sealed the nine-point win for the Cats.
"The fact is we haven't been great in the past four to six weeks and I reckon there are some people lining up to call for the end but that's okay, I've been dealing with it for four years," Scott said.
"Our season's alive. We're not making any guarantees ... but it's pretty exciting for us short term and long term.
"I'm very, very confident, almost certain, that we won't give in."
Scott credited younger players Mitch Duncan and Steven Motlop for playing a crucial role in the match-saving last quarter, saying they were in condition to carry on the club's blistering form in recent years.
"I thought tonight was good for all our players but especially our young ones. We're excited," he said.
"We've got a great culture and great leaders and we'll always stand up when the game's on the line."
Scott said Geelong's goalless third quarter had been a worry adding that the opposition's momentum was hard to rein in after five unanswered goals.
"They came out really a different team after half time and in some ways when a team has momentum like that it can be hard ... but you've got to find a way to stop them scoring goal after goal in quick succession and we weren't good enough to do that."
Geelong have lost to the Bombers only once from 10 games since 2006.


text:
Bristol have agreed to release the 31-year-old centre from his contract a year early because he wants to spend more time with his family.
Taumalolo told the club's website: "I want to go abroad, I have played in Britain for a long time and I need to go for a change.
"I would love to stay at Bristol but my family is now more important to me."
Taumalolo has played for a number of British sides including Neath, Sale, Bridgend and Harlequins.
What are these?


text:
Forum:People the world has pushed too far
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
I'd stick this on Ban Patrol, but it might clutter the place up a bit.
I recently came across Deathwatch2006 (Talk • Contribs (del) • Editcount • Block (rem-lst-all) • Logs • Groups) when I ICUed his page Britannia. He was a bit rude about it, but you expect that kind of thing. I later found Bend over, which I wasn't sure whether to take as an unfunny bigotry parody or genuine hate. So I had a look at his contributions, and found the following series of images, the first things he uploaded (don't worry, they're just text):
- Image:Page01.jpg
- Image:Page02.jpg
- Image:Page03.jpg
- Image:Page04.jpg
- Image:Page05.jpg
- Image:Page06.jpg
- Image:Page07.jpg
- Image:Page08.jpg
- Image:Page09.jpg
After this, he wrote Broomleigh, which would seem to violate the terms of the injunction he uploaded. Or at least it's plain unfunny ranting about the subject. The website linked to makes interesting reading. There's been a little funnyness since he joined, but lots of edits, mainly on the subject of Rochdale, reverted by other people than me on various articles (Adolph Hitler, Rochdale, Prostitution...).
I've more or less cleaned up the leftovers. Dunno quite why I posted this really - you can ban him if you like, and it might be worth deleting Broomleigh at least. And Bend over, Britannia, and HowTo:chat up a woman, or I'll VFD them, if you like. But be gentle in your comments, eh? I think mainly I'm posting because I'm just morbidly fascinated with people the world has pushed too far... he has severe Sleep Apnea, according to his website, which explains a few things. Anyway, that's more than enough rambling from me! -- Whhhy?Whut?How? *Back from the dead* 02:42, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
Well, the guy's clearly a fucking fruit loop, I've cleared off his court injunction pictures, the first few pages though are bloody hilarious insofar as what the court has ordered him not to do. I'll leave the guy to stay for now since he hasn't caused any serious disruption or anything and see where it goes -- Prof. Olipro KUN (W)Anchor Op Bur. (Harass) 04:28, 26 June 2007 (UTC)
- Cool. I'll keep an eye out. --Whhhy?Whut?How? *Back from the dead* 10:48, 26 June 2007 (UTC)


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Howard's rally call: we can win
A REINVIGORATED John Howard has rejected the notion that his government has been in power too long by noting that federal Labor had governed for 13 years and Labor had ruled in NSW since 1995.
The Prime Minister, elected in March 1996, delivered his message yesterday to a marathon party-room meeting during which more than 50 Coalition MPs and senators offered policy suggestions for the election campaign. Most demanded action on housing affordability.
Kevin Rudd warned caucus that the polls would tighten further and to avoid displays of hubris.
Mr Howard hinted at a late November election by not ruling out Parliament resuming on October 15 as scheduled. He told his team: "We can win this election" and "Don't doubt yourselves. Let's not succumb to this idea that we have been in government too long. It's true we have been in power a long time but not as long as our predecessors and not as long as the Labor Government in NSW."
Mr Howard opened the meeting to suggestions and more than a third of the backbenchers piped up over the next two hours. Housing affordability was the most mentioned concern and ideas ranged from increasing the first-home owner's grant to allowing people to use their superannuation for a deposit.
The Government has a housing policy ready to announce closer to the election but MPs are nervous because Labor has already presented two ideas.
In Parliament, the Government turned up the heat on Mr Rudd. Mr Howard branded him a liar and Alexander Downer called him a phoney.
Mr Howard cut short a verbose question time and when the Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Julia Gillard, protested, he told her to "go away and set up another committee", a reference to the Government's criticism that Labor announces more inquiries than policies.
Not all the sniping was across the benches. Tony Abbott, a Howard loyalist, chipped Malcolm Turnbull, who fancied himself as leadership material last week.
Mr Abbott said Mr Turnbull did not rate with Mr Howard, Mr Downer and others. "I think he's got a lot to contribute in the years ahead," he said.
When news happens: send photos, videos & tip-offs to 0424 SMS SMH (+61 424 767 764), or us.
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text:
- Vitamin D3 to help calcium absorption
- Antioxidants Vitamin A & C & Selenium
- Vitamin B1 may assist glucose metabolism
- Iron to help maintain normal blood
- Vitamins A & C to help maintain healthy immune function
- Iron, Vitamins B1, B2, B3 & B5 assist energy production
- Zinc for healthy skin
- Convenient one-a-day formula
Cenovis® ONCE Daily™ Women's Multi is a comprehensive formula containing 27 specially selected ingredients to provide daily nutritional support for women in one, no fuss, easy to swallow capsule per day. Each capsule contains essential vitamins and minerals. This formula includes Calcium as well as Vitamin D3 to help calcium absorption. Zinc helps maintain healthy skin, while Vitamin A is beneficial for the maintenance of healthy eyes. Iron, Vitamin B5 and B3 help the body produce energy, while Chromium Picolinate helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels in healthy individuals. Biotin assists the maintenance of healthy nails, while Vitamin B3 is involved in the body's detoxification reactions. Vitamin C helps maintain healthy immune function. Vitamin B6 and Folic Acid assist in the maintenance of general well-being. Vitamin B12 supports hearth health.
Recommended Adult Dosage: Take one capsule daily with morning meal or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) 10mcg, Vitamin B2 (Riboflavine) 4mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) 60.8mg, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Nitrate) 4mg, Vitamin B3 (Nicotinamide ) 36mg, Vitamin B5 (Calcium Pantothenate) 13mg, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 120mg, Iron (as Ferrous Fumarate) 5mg, Calcium (as Carbonate) 170mg, Zinc (as Oxide) 5mg, Folic Acid 300mcg, Betacarotene 1.2mg, Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate 600mcg R.E.) 2000IU, Vitamin E (dl-alpha-Tocopherol 18.2mg) 20IU, Magnesium (as Oxide - heavy) 50mg, Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol 200IU) 5mcg, Citrus Bioflavonoids Extract 2mg, Vitamin H (Biotin) 150mcg, Vitamin K1 (Phytomenadione) 36mcg, Iodine (as Potassium Iodide) 150mcg, Copper (as Cupric Sulfate Anhydrous) 1mg, Chromium (as Picolinate) 50mcg, Manganese (as Sulfate Monohydrate) 1mg, Selenium (as Selenomethionine) 25mcg, Boron (as Borice acid) 1mg, Lysine (as Hydrochloride 6.25mg) 5mg, Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) 200mg.
Contraindictions and Cautions
Always read the label. Use only as directed. If symptoms persist consult your healthcare professional.
Vitamin supplements should not replace a balanced diet.
WARNING: When taken in excess of 3000 micrograms retinol equivalents (R.E.) (10,000IU), Vitamin A can cause birth defects. If you are pregnant or considering becoming pregnant, do not take Vitamin A supplements without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. The recommended daily amount of Vitamin A from all sources is 700R.E. (2330IU) for women and 900R.E. (3000IU) for men.
This product contains selenium which is toxic in high doses. A daily dose of 150 micrograms for adults of selenium from dietary supplements should not be exceeded.
No Added
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text:
A former San Bernardino County tax official must stand trial for corruption.
A judge on Monday ruled there's probable cause to try ex-assessor Bill Postmus on eight felony charges that include grand theft, drug possession and misappropriating public funds. He dismissed two other counts. Co-defendant Greg Eyler, a former assessor's office employee, will face trial on a grand theft count.
Both men have pleaded not guilty.
The Riverside Press-Enterprise says prosecutors accuse Postmus of using public money to buy airline tickets, fund a road trip to Colorado and pay for employees who did little public work.
Eyler is accused of being paid for hours he didn't work.
Postmus could face more than 9 1/2 years in prison if convicted. Eyler could get three years.
Information from: The Press-Enterprise, http://www.pe.com


text:
Location: Seattle, WA
Member since 3/18/2008
- 2 total posts
- 2 comments
Recent comments from noniec
Strivectin is wonderful for the eye area, but ONLY works when used religiously. If you can't commit, don't spend the money. I love Crème de la Mer, but it is very heavy. Don't use if you have oily skin, and only use at... READ COMMENT


text:
50th ANNIVERSARY BOMBSHELL – NEW BOOK CLAIMS LBJ MURDERED JFK
By Roger Stone with Mike Colapietro
Cui prodest scelus, est fict- goes a Latin nostrum, "The one who derives most from the crime is the one most likely to have committed it". A bombshell new book by a political insider decimates the Warren Commission Investigation and lays out how and why Lyndon Baines Johnson killed President John F. Kennedy.
Legendary Political operative and strategist Roger Stone has gathered declassified documents and used his firsthand knowledge to make a compelling case that Lyndon Baines Johnson was not only involved in JFK's assassination, but was in fact the linchpin and mastermind. In his new book, The Man Who Killed Kennedy: The Case Against LBJ (Skyhorse Publishing, November 4, 2013), Roger Stone brings to light blockbuster revelations demonstrating that LBJ had the unique motive, means, and opportunity to murder President John F. Kennedy.
Stone analyses Johnson's personality agreeing with Pulitzer Prize winning biographer Robert Caro that Lyndon Johnson was an "amoral psychopath". Stone ties LBJ to at least eight political murders before JFK. LBJ would order a murder like you and I would order a ham sandwich," says Stone.
No one man benefited more from the assassination than Vice President Johnson. A thirst for power aside, without the presidency, Johnson was to be removed from the 1964 ticket by the Kennedys, and prosecuted and incarcerated due to his involvement the twin scandals of the Senate's Secretary to the Majority Leader, Bobby Baker and Texas wheeler dealer Billy Sol Estes.
Staring into the abyss, the choice for Lyndon Johnson was clear: to yoke the various entities that had a mutual interest in JFK's death; This included the CIA, the Mob and Texas Oil who feared JFK's repeal of the oil depletion allowance. Stone outlines LBJ's unique history with each. The murder was orchestrated in Johnson's Texas, where his control of the Dallas Police Department, Dallas County Sheriff's Office, and the Dallas County District Attorney was absolute.
As an early Congressional overseer of the Central Intelligence Agency along with his ally Sen. Harry F. Byrd, Johnson had his hands deep in the Agency. LBJ had also benefited from huge campaign contributions from the mob. Both would be utilized in the murder of the 35th President, along with Johnson's personal hit man, Malcolm Wallace, whose fingerprint would be found in the Texas School Book Depository following the assassination and authenticated by Nathan Darby, the most experienced certified latent print examiner in the country. Stone says this fingerprint evidence ties LBJ irrevocably to the murder.
The notable individuals that knew and said Johnson was involved in murderous acts is also well-documented… they include Oswald murderer Jack Ruby, Dexter Scott King, son of Dr. Martin Luther King, as well as LBJ associate Billy Sol Estes, LBJ mistress Madeleine Brown, Texas Governor Allan Shivers, renowned Texas Ranger Clint Peoples, CIA asset E. Howard Hunt and US Senator and 1964 Republican nominee for President Barry Goldwater. The KGB, fearing that they or their puppet state Cuba would be falsely blamed conducted their own investigation and concluded LBJ killed JFK at the same to time French Intelligence would tell Jackie Kennedy LBJ murdered her husband.
Stone details how President Richard Nixon recognized Jack Ruby as a "Johnson man" who Nixon put on the House payroll as early as 1947 as a courtesy to Congressman Lyndon Johnson and how Nixon called the Warren Commission looking into JFK's assassination "the greatest hoax ever perpetrated".
Lastly Stone asks us to consider – photographs show Vice President Johnson hit the floor in his limousine when his car turned into Dealey Plaza and before the first shot was fired? Why?
Find out how and why LBJ had JFK assassinated
What does legendary political operative Roger Stone know that historians Robert Caro and Robert Dallek do not know? He knows that Lyndon Johnson murdered President John F. Kennedy. Combining decades of insider political knowledge with cutting edge JFK assassination research, Roger Stone lays out the case that Lyndon Johnson manipulated the situation in Dallas on November 22, 1963, and murdered Kennedy as he murdered numerous other victims along the way. LBJ was not just shooting his way into the White House, he was avoiding political ruin and prosecution and jail for corruption at the hands of the Kennedy's.
The case against LBJ has long been sitting in plain sight, and in The Man Who Killed Kennedy, you will find out all the details you weren't supposed to know:
- The amoral psychopath detailed in Robert Caro's earlier volumes.
- The mutual hatred between the Kennedy's and Lyndon Johnson.
- The discredited Warren Report.
- The early murders committed by LBJ on the path to power
- The Dallas connections; as well as LBJ's epic mental instabilities.
Political consultant, strategist, and Libertarian Roger Stone has gathered documents and used his firsthand knowledge to construct the ultimate tome to prove that LBJ was not only involved in JFK's assassination, but was in fact the mastermind.
With 2013 being the fiftieth anniversary of JFK's assassination, this is the perfect time for The Man Who Killed Kennedy to be available to readers. The research and information in this book is unprecedented, and as Roger Stone lived through it, he's the perfect person to bring it to everyone's attention.
ORDER The Man Who Killed Kennedy – The Case Against LBJ, Today: www.barnesandnoble.com


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The Names in Ambril's Tale
where they came from and how to pronounce them
I had a lot of fun with the names of people and places in Ambril. Even some of the words the characters use are from unusual sources.
I searched for words that had a bit of meaning associated with them. Many of the bad guys have inorganic names, such as Crystal Twid and Ms. Breccia. As you can guess, some of the good guys have organic names, such as Miss Fern and Daisy Flood.
Other names originated in Welsh, Gaelic or Italian. Hendoeth's name, for instance, is a combination of two Welsh words, hen and doeth which mean woman + wise. So true in Hendoeth's case! The word Morte as in the Morte Cell means death in Italian.
Bummil and some of the other gnomes and townsfolk use words that I found on a list of archaic english words. Archaic meaning ancient words that are no longer in use. What fun! Batie is one which means crazy and doolally which means a lazy person.
Some of the nonsensical swear words used in Ambril's Tale are from Lewis Carroll's The Jabberwocky to be found in his book: Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There.
It's my very favorite poem.


text:
Autumn brings exciting news for Jayhawks around the country. KU has announced new four-year renewable scholarships for freshmen, beginning with the Fall 2012 class, that will help make college even more affordable. Prospective freshmen must apply by Nov. 1.
Homecoming week is in full swing on the Hill! This year's theme is From Lawrence With Love, and the week's activities will culminate on Saturday, Oct. 1 with the Homecoming parade at 8 a.m. followed by the football game against Texas Tech at 11 a.m. Click here to find a watch party in your area.
Visit the Homecoming website for a schedule of activities, learn about the 99-year history of this great tradition and view photos from events.
We hope you can celebrate Homecoming with us this weekend!
Warmest wishes from the Hill,
KU Alumni Association
Click the text link to see a calendar or other information concerning upcoming KU-related events.
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or otherwise believe you are not the intended recipient of this message, please reply to this email and include the ID number above to help us correct our records.
KU Alumni Association 1266 Oread Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045
This Week In KU History is a project of the KU Memorial Unions. ©2007 University of Kansas Memorial Corporation.


text:
Thomas J. Story
Veggie gardens to fall for
As much as we love ripe tomatoes, by midsummer, we're already fantasizing about our fall vegetable garden. While rangy tomato vines and dead cornstalks make their way to the compost pile this time of year, we replant our Test Garden beds with the prettiest edibles: structural Swiss chard, voluptuous cabbage plants, and vining snap peas. By getting the garden established in the still-warm fall days and watered by rainfall, a cool-season garden looks good from autumn through spring. Click ahead for tips from our vegetable plots, from design advice to the best vegetables to plant for the cool season.
Thomas J. Story
Keyhole garden layout
A keyhole design makes the most of a smaller yard because it gives over minimal real estate to pathways. Make beds no wider than 4 feet for easy maintenance and harvest; keep soil loose and healthy by walking on pathways only. In this Test Garden plot, we created symmetrical plantings for a flow of colors and textures. The beds measure 2 1⁄2 feet wide and 9 feet long, connecting at one end, and feature (clockwise):
- Collard 'Top Bunch'
- Mustard 'Southern Giant'
- Collard 'Georgia'
- Brokali (broccoli/kale hybrid)
- Swiss chard 'Bright Lights'
- Mustard 'Red Giant'
- Cabbage 'Stonehead'
- Mustard 'Southern Giant'
- Cabbage 'Red Jewel'
- Frisée
- Viola 'Sorbet Coconut Swirl'
Thomas J. Story
Rows garden layout
In a larger yard, simple rows have graphic impact (think of striped farmland). Make beds no wider than 4 feet for easy maintenance and harvest; keep soil loose and healthy by walking on pathways only. In an area measuring 15 by 18 feet, we kept beds graphic by planting bands of a single vegetable variety, then created a backdrop with tall vining crops. The four rows are 7 feet long, of varying widths, and include (clockwise):
- Cabbage 'Red Jewel'
- Cabbage 'Stonehead'
- Mustard 'Southern Giant'
- Swiss chard 'Bright Lights'
- Sugar snap peas 'Super Sugar'
- Siberian garlic
- Garlic 'Early Italian Red'
- 8. Elephant garlic
- Italian parsley
- Mustard 'Red Giant'
- Cutting celery
- Arugula
- Chives
- Frisée
- Carrot 'Rainbow Sun'
Thomas J. Story
'Marvel of Four Seasons', a heading heirloom variety, has sweet-tasting, wavy bronze-tipped leaves.
Thomas J. Story
This Mediterranean green (also called curly endive) is prized for the spice and texture it brings to fresh salads. Frisée and other endives tolerate more heat than lettuces but grow faster in cool weather, typically maturing in 90-95 days after sowing seeds.
Thomas J. Story
Arugula (Italian)
Tender leaves add bite to salads and other dishes. For best flavor, harvest them when they're 4 inches tall.
Thomas J. Story
Swiss chard
The sturdy stalks of 'Bright Lights' come in a rainbow of colors, including gold, pink, red, and white; the frilly leaves are dark green.
Thomas J. Story
Red Giant mustard
'Red Giant' forms stunning maroon leaves with bright green ribs. Spicier than store-bought mustard varieties, it makes an excellent addition to salads paired with robust poultry and meat dishes. Light frost deepens the flavor and color.
Thomas J. Story
Southern Giant mustard
Bright lime 'Green Wave' has frilly leaves and won't bolt (rush to seed) as fast as other mustards when weather warms. Here are some great ways to use this variety in your cooking:
- Chop greens and simmer in chicken stock with slices of ginger and bean-thread noodles
- Sprinkle chopped greens into risotto
- Mix greens into rice dressing for roasted turkey or chicken
Thomas J. Story
Ruby Streaks mustard
Sweet and pungent. 'Ruby Streaks' mustard grows from a center stalk surrounded by a frill of finely serrated, ruby-colored leaves. Cool weather causes the color to deepen to deep purple while higher temperatures can prompt the plant to bolt (send up flower stalks). If allowed to flower, the edible blooms can be snipped for garnish for soups, salads, or open-faced sandwiches.
Thomas J. Story
Mustard 'Green Wave'
Bright green leaves practically glow in a fall garden. The hot flavor mellows when cooked, and this variety is slow to bolt.
Thomas J. Story
Curly-leafed kale
Super-ruffled 'Winterbor' is a vigorous grower that stands up to cold temperatures. Leaves turn sweeter after frost.
Thomas J. Story
Lacinato kale
Bumpy gray-green leaves of 'Nero di Toscana' are tasty, ornamental, and extra hardy.
Great ways to use it:
- Blanch, then add to penne pasta along with cooked Italian sausage.
- Pan-fry in extra-virgin olive oil with preserved lemon and red chile flakes.
- Simmer until tender, chop, and layer into meat or vegetarian lasagna.
Thomas J. Story
Brokali 'Apollo'
This broccoli/kale hybrid produces small broccoli heads and side shoots that keep growing large, tender leaves.
Thomas J. Story
Romanesco broccoli
The multipointed chartreuse heads of 'Veronica' have a texture and flavor similar to mild, nutty cauliflower.
Great ways to use it:
- Steam florets and toss while still warm with your favorite vinaigrette.
- Sauté florets in butter with oil-popped mustard seeds and cumin seeds.
- Roast florets with olive oil, olives, and halved shallots.
Thomas J. Story
Broccoli raab (Rapini)
Leaves and small florets of 'Spring Raab' have a slightly stronger flavor than broccoli.
Thomas J. Story
'Cassius' has round, creamy white heads that reach 7 to 8 inches across, with a rich flavor.
Thomas J. Story
Savoy cabbage
Lime green 'Alcosa' forms tight heads, ideal for closely spaced planting.
Great ways to use it:
- Braise with olive oil, onions, bacon, and caraway seeds.
- Chop coarsely and pan-fry in butter with diced potatoes.
- Steam individual leaves until just tender, then use the leaves as wraps for steaming fish.
Thomas J. Story
Red Jewel cabbage
Stunning both in the garden and on the plate, 'Red Jewel' forms deep burgundy leaves in almost perfectly round heads. The mild flavor, crisp texture, and stunning color make it one of our favorites for cool-season edible gardens.
Thomas J. Story
Napa cabbage
With a mild flavor and crunchy texture, Napa cabbage makes a delicious addition to soups and salads. The heirloom 'Flat Dutch' variety (pictured) produces firm, large heads that store well. Great ways to use it:
- Slice and sautéed with plenty of garlic and olive oil
- Add to hot soup broth and allow to soften before serving
- Thinly slice and eat raw dressed with sesame oil, rice wine vinegar, and slivered almonds
Thomas J. Story
Red bok choi
Similar to the all-green varieties in flavor, red bok choi (also called red bok choy or red pak choi) grows beautiful russet leaves which deepen in color in cool temperatures. Harvest outer leaves to add to salad mixes or cut the entire plant to stir fry.
Thomas J. Story
Green onion
Both the white and green parts have a strong, zesty flavor.
Thomas J. Story
Elephant garlic
Closely related to leek, elephant garlic forms unusually large edible bulbs with a mild garlic flavor. Young leaves can also be snipped and used like scallions.
Thomas J. Story
Sugar snap peas
Grow tall peas with the support of trellising or choose a bush-variety that requires no support. 'Super Sugar Snap' (pictured) is a tall-growing variety that can be eaten either as a whole-pod when picked young or left on the vine and harvested for shelling the peas.
Thomas J. Story
Cutting celery
This leafy herb is more about an intense celery flavor than a crisp stalk. Keep it on hand for adding to soup stock.
Thomas J. Story
Start seeds for carrots in sandy soil completely free of rocks and clods. 'Purple Sun' produces deep purple carrots with a center sunburst of gold—particularly pretty sliced in salads.
Thomas J. Story
Planting tips
Soil. Till the bed with a garden fork to remove rocks and break up clumps before raking the soil smooth. Then cover the soil with a few inches of compost, till that in, and rake again.
Planting. Start most of the seeds indoors in September―except arugula, which you can sow directly in the ground―then transplant seedlings outdoors six to eight weeks later. (In cold climates, plant in spring.) Always sow extra seeds in case some don't germinate, and keep excess seedlings in case any plants in the ground fail.
Spacing. Though you can follow the recommendations on the seed packets, space seedlings on the tighter end of the range so the beds will look lush.
Thomas J. Story
Design tip: Plant for contrast
Place different shapes and colors next to one another. Here, frilly green leaves of chartreuse mustard pop against purple cabbage.
Thomas J. Story
Design tip: Mix in flowers
Include an edge of violas for cheer; the edible blossoms can dress up winter salads too.
Thomas J. Story
Design tip: Use support
Create a simple A-frame trellis out of bamboo and wire to support vining snap peas—and add a lush backdrop to beds.
Thomas J. Story
Design tip: Keep it bountiful
Plant crops that produce all season, like kale and chard. They maintain garden structure as you pull out single-harvest ones, like cabbage.
Thomas J. Story
Harvesting tips
Cut the outer leaves of cool-season greens—such as collards, kale, mustard greens, and Swiss chard—often to encourage new leaves to form. For head-forming crops such as cauliflower and cabbage, use pruners to cut off the heads when they're firm and well-formed. When arugula reaches 4 to 6 inches tall, shear it down to 1 to 2 inches tall so it will regrow.


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Herb of the Month: Sageby Toby Amidor in In Season, September 9, 2012
If you thought all fresh herbs were past their prime by the fall, you're be mistaken. Fresh sage is now in season!
Sage Basics
This green herb is native to the Mediterranean. Its name comes from the Latin word salvus, which means "safe" – a reference to the herb's believed healing powers.
Common garden sage is grayish-green in color with narrow, oval leaves with a pebble-like surface. They have a pungent mint-like smell and taste. There are numerous varieties of the herb; some are for cooking with while others are ornamental. Varieties include Curly, Minima, Dwarf, Tricolor, Pineapple and White Edge. Pineapple sage has a strong pineapple smell while White Edge has a creamy color splashed on the green leaves.
Although fresh is only available during the late summer and fall, dried whole, crumbled or powdered sage is available all year round.


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Aquafresh has a range of toothbrushes specially designed for children. Soft bristles to protect tender gums and the large grip on the handles helps improve brushing control for small hands. Flexible neck helps absorb brushing pressure that may cause gum irritation and the small angled head helps clean hard to reach places. Cool animal designs with toothbrush cap to protect bristles between brushes.
Online Catalogue | A-Z Products | A-C | Aquafresh Little Teeth Toothbrush


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I Sugar Coat It!
... May 2012
That's a very successful first try! Really like the colours! Pretty!!
view all »
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DISCLAIMER: Any posts on CakesDecor.com (CD) are posted by individuals acting in their own right and do not necessarily reflect the views of CD. CD will not be held liable for the actions of any user.


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By Vince Little, The BayonetJune 11, 2010
FORT BENNING, Ga. - The Army is more focused on counterinsurgency than ever before, and the Infantry-Armor alliance in one locale will help fuel that drive in Afghanistan and Iraq, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff told Soldiers here June 4.
Adm. Mike Mullen was updated on progress toward the Maneuver Center of Excellence and took an aerial tour of the $3.5 billion in construction around post, much of it aimed at accommodating the thousands of Armor School personnel relocating here from Fort Knox, Ky., in 2011.
"We're changing how we fight," Mullen said. "We're also changing how we train ... so that as we fight together, we back that up with how we train together. That's what's happening at Fort Benning."
Mullen closed a two-day visit by addressing a forum of more than 200 basic trainees, Soldiers in one station unit training and their cadre at Sand Hill.
"You've joined the best military in the history of the world," he said. "You want to serve a cause greater than yourself, even as many of you are just beginning. I'm very grateful."
The chairman also discussed budget cuts, the importance of leadership in today's military and family support programs during Friday's stop.
U.S. deficit a 'national security challenge'
When asked by a Soldier how a funding shortfall could impact service members, Mullen said the military can overcome an upcoming budget crunch by taking care of families, retaining NCOs and young officers with combat experience, and reigning in overhead costs.
"We are going to see increasing budget pressures," the admiral said.
In the past decade, military appropriations bills have risen dramatically each year, he said, but those increases are set to slow down.
Mullen said this comes at a time when the U.S. deficit is the nation's "greatest national security challenge." Within the next two years, interest paid on the debt alone will equal the entire annual defense budget, close to $600 billion, he said.
"It's not sustainable, so we've got to get that in order and then make sure we resource our people correctly," he said, "and I know we can beat that challenge."
In the next few months, defense leaders will tackle overhead expenses and launch a funds-shifting effort called "tail to tooth," Mullen said. It includes incentives for all the branches.
"As each service looks at its budget and finds this money in overhead, it will be able to keep that ... and resource it for needed personnel or equipment items," he said. "The current initiative is not a cut inside the Department of Defense; it is the movement of resources from one area to another, and to really make sure that our overhead is absolutely minimized in support of the missions we know we've got to execute."
Leadership attributes crucial
As the Defense Department looks to streamline funding and address budget issues, leadership will be critical to the military's evolution, the chairman said.
"They come from the front, the middle and the back," Mullen said. "It's all about how we mentor our people ... If we get it right for our people, we'll be able to execute the missions effectively."
Adjusting to military life
Mullen said families struggling to adapt to military life should take advantage of the vast resources available - and he urged leaders to do a better job linking those programs and support mechanisms with Soldiers' loved ones.
"All of us have to remember when we came in and how foreign it was to us ... and that much more foreign to our families," the senior military leader said. "Leadership has to reach out to make sure that young, new families understand as much as they possibly can about what their new life is and the challenges it faces, and the adventure as well. It's a big transition. It's an area that they haven't spent any time in their lives."
First impressions and making that connection early is very important, Mullen said.
"In the longer run, it'll make a difference in terms of whether a young Soldier decides to stay in the military," he said. "There's a lot in place, we just need to connect it better than we have."
Editor's note: Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, also discussed hot spots around the globe during his town hall meeting with Soldiers at Sand Hill. See story in the June 18 edition of The Bayonet.


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I live in Palo Alto, considered by some to be the tech hub of the world that also happens to have amazing weather, but its cell coverage is ridiculously spotty. Sweden on the other hand, where I grew up, has outstanding cell coverage but the weather is nothing to write home about. In December, Stockholm has about 6 hours of daylight and 18 hours of darkness. I'm still trying to find a place to live that has the weather I crave, alongside the connectivity I need to get work done.
Everyone in the media and technology industries is talking about the era of total connectivity that we're currently living in. However, when I talk to real people they are constantly irritated by tools that rely on the need for connectivity, thus rendering them useless on an airplane, or in an area of bad coverage. Even with the FCC moving towards allowing the use of mobile data while in flight, actual implementation of the new guidelines will take time, and it's still up to the discretion of the airline whether or not you can use your device.
There can be a downside to constant connectivity. In flight cell phone calls are one example – with the access of data, comes the access so that Chatty Cathy in the seat next to you can talk to her best friend for three hours while in flight. There are limits to how much my noise canceling headphones can actually block!
Constant connectivity is a source of multi-tasking, which I addressed in a post last month. When we're always connected, there is a tendency to pay more attention to activities and interactions that are taking place on a mobile device, instead of those taking place in the actual room where you're sitting. This decreases productivity in the workforce, as constant interruptions drag down the quality of work taking place, and strain employee relationships as people are put second to devices.
So the real question this issue poses is – do we continue pushing only connected devices and solutions, in the hopes that eventually the cell coverage will catch up with our mobile phones? Or do we start introducing solutions that can be used online and offline, so that no matter where a user is, they can be productive in some form or another.
From my perspective, we need to build products that are useful on or offline, so that the question of 'do I have connectivity?' never becomes an impediment to productivity. Solutions should have a variety of options so that if a business user knows that they'll be out of connectivity for a few hours, they can download necessary content to work on, and then upload new versions of documents or data to whatever repository they prefer once they again have connectivity.
I regularly choose to go offline to get projects done, so that I'm not bothered by the interruptions that often plague me when I am connected to a network. More solutions should provide this option to workers, so that they can be productive no matter where and how they choose to work.
As for the question of what happens when you drop out of coverage when driving down El Camino Real in Palo Alto, that's simple. We need more cell towers to support the millions of us living and working in the area, but to make this a reality, Palo Alto residents are going to need to accept that these towers may become part of the landscape of our area.


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Mail::RoundTrip - Management routines for round trip validation of users' emails
Many web applicatins rely on some sort of round-trip validation of user emails. This verifies that the email address, for example, is actually owned by the user. This module provides a minimalist set of routines for managing this process. The module ...EINHVERFR/Mail-RoundTrip-0.02 - 07 Nov 2013 04:37:16 GMT - Search in distribution
Net::SMTP::Bulk - NonBlocking batch SMTP using Net::SMTP interface
KNOWZERO/Net-SMTP-Bulk-0.23 - 07 Sep 2016 23:09:54 GMT - Search in distribution
KNOWZERO/Net-SMTP-Bulk-0.23 - 07 Sep 2016 23:09:54 GMT - Search in distribution
Embperl::Form::Validate - Form validation with server- and client-side support.
This modules is developed to do form validation for you. It works on the server side by checking the posted form data and it generates client side script functions, to validate the form values, as far as possible, before they are send to the server, ...GRICHTER/Embperl-2.5.0 - 16 Apr 2014 18:33:32 GMT - Search in distribution
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hello, i am attempting to dump the firmware from a sd900. i got some phototransistors and have them connected up to the mic input of my machine. but while testing i am not getting any audio signal. the mic port is operational, tested with actual microphone.
is there something i am missing?
photodiods/transistors bought 1 2 3 --Divalent 03:28, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
- You can to try apply external power supply (3-5V) for phototransitor via 1-10kOhm resistor, and connect mic input via 1-10 uF capacitor. -- GrAnd 05:49, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
- can some one please link me to, or sketch up a simple wiring digram? i dont want to hook it up wrong and fry ither my components or my laptop. im not an electrical engineer :)
- thanks --Jerjoz 21:49, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
Firmware dumpEdit
[1] shows this camera as firmware dumped. I tried the udumper sw method, but no joy. Is there a status update on this camera? Firmware link, forum posting to see if there is anything I can contribute? -- 184.108.40.206 22:22, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
- I successfully dumped the firmware from my SD900 (IXUS 900ti) using a program called CardTricks. Simply put a SD card in your card reader, start CardTricks, select the correct drive, and click ``VxWorks 1. After removing the card from the drive, make sure you flip the read-only switch before inserting it into the camera.
- Don't panic when your camera doesn't do anything with the card inserted. Just read the on-screen instructions in CardTricks carefully beforehand!
- I will experiment with porting CHDK, but can't give any promises. — PFLammertsma talk 14:09, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
- For your convenience, I have posted the firmware dumps and the software used on my blog. — PFLammertsma talk 15:26, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
I moved the discussion above to this talk page. — PFLammertsma talk 14:56, 24 May 2008 (UTC)


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Paul Wolstenholme (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Wed, 2 Dec 1998 17:34:49 -0800 (PST)
I have posted a similar question prior to the release of 3.1 and was given
a workaround using multiple dbs that works but would like to do the same
thing using one db.
I've just taken a look at the documentation and browsed the mailiing list
and I am still a little uncertain whether HtDig can now be configured to
do what I would like.
We a currently, using htdig to search through our journal articles. In
each article, we have meta tags that are in the following format:
<meta author="Bob Smith">
<meta title="Blah Blah Blah">
I would like to be able to add radio buttons (or the like) to the search
form so that our users could narrow their search to just the author or
title info located taken from the meta tags. Is this now possible? If so
Paul Wolstenholme
To unsubscribe from the htdig mailing list, send a message to
firstname.lastname@example.com containing the single word "unsubscribe" in
the body of the message.
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.0b3 on Sat Jan 02 1999 - 16:29:44 PST


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The village volunteer toilet team in Staveley are the pride of Cumbria, and now they have made their mark again.
As well as running the vital facility for locals and visitors caught short, they fight a imaginative campaign against the lack of decent sanitation overseas. That in turn raises the profile of the decline of the public loo here in the UK.
Their latest ploy is organising an international twinning of the conveniences at the village, which stands on the wonderful approach road to Windermere from Kendal, a gradual ascent on which I imagine the final lap to Heaven to be modelled. I may never see that but I hope you do.
Stavely has linked up with latrines in Cambodia via the website toilettwinning.org which has much information on the 2.6 billion people – 40 percent of the world's population – who are without a clean and safe place to go to the loo. Without making light of a scandalous problem, this is no longer entirely the 'Third World problem' that it used to be thought.
We may have them in homes in the UK but the prudent take precautions before getting out and about. Go when you can and not when you need to, as the saying has it.
Except, that is, if your route includes examples of community vigour such as Staveley whose toilet team, punningly called the Gowan Stop and Go Group - has 15 volunteers who have recently raised money to install a fully-equipped lavatory for the disabled at the conveniences. Their chairman Dave Plumb tells the Westmorland Gazette:
Quite separately from public health issues, a public toilet is a vital but unsung part of the welcome that the village offers its visitors.
As such it also plays a part in underpinning local businesses by making sure that people are happy to linger in the village.
The loo for the disabled fits nicely with another local initiative – Miles without Stiles. Plumb adds:
People visiting the new 'miles-without-stiles' riverside route in the village will soon have the comfort of knowing that Staveley's public toilet will properly cater for them.
The north of England is good at this kind of thing. The Captain Cook village of Great Ayton near Middlesbrough erected three cast iron pissoirs at the end of the 19th century and survived a legal challenge that such benevolence was beyond the remit of the parish council. Read more in True North, which some say makes a good Christmas present.


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Short and random but whatever...
Category: My Chemical Romance - Rating: G - Genres: Drama - Characters: Bob Bryar,Frank Iero,Gerard Way,Mikey Way,Ray Toro - Published: 2011-03-27 - Updated: 2011-03-27 - 273 words - Complete
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This content has been marked as final. Show 1 reply
1. Re: Problems with discover Nodes424405 Sep 11, 2004 5:55 PM (in response to 425054)what os are you running?
on my linux box, what i did was to delete *.q and services.ora from $ORACLE_HOME/network/agent then manually put in my instance in tnsnames.ora using the example used in http://www.mike-devlin.com/oracle/tnsnames_ora.htm. i made sure that the instance was up then ran lsnrctl start and agentctl start. OMS was able to discover my database automatically after that.
i do have a feeling that you are using Win2k/XP, but the files i mentioned can be located in the same directory. instead of lsnrctl start and agentctl start, you can go to Administrative Tools>Sevices and start OracleOra92TNSListener and OracleOra92Agent
i would recommend, however, trying to use netca when recreating the tnsnames.ora. it just didn't work with mine so i had to do it manually.


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New Residents. New Customers. More Business.
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Clinton ChamberMail is a marketing program targeting new residents in all zip codes covered by the Clinton Chamber of Commerce including the cities and towns of Clinton, Madison, Westbrook, Old Saybrook, Killingworth, Guilford, Branford and Old Lyme.
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Make your purchase below, or download a ORDER FORM .