text:
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Ever Merciful.
Muslims who believe in the Messiah, Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani (as)
A regular sitting of Arabic speaking friends with Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih IV(rh). Session no. 79, recorded on 31st August 1995 in English and Arabic.
Tags: Liqa-Ma'al-Arab Extraterrestrial
1. @ 00:19 What is the application of the Arabic word, 'Khashia' for the believers and the non-believers?
2. @ 05:01 The Holy Quran says, 'Allah is nearer than the jugular vein' whereas a Hadith (Tradition) states, 'He is very far.' How to equate the two apparent contradictions?
3. @ 14:05 Does the Holy Quran mentions extraterrestrial life?
4. @ 36:51 Explanation of the Arabic word, 'Kahl'?
5. @ 48:34 Is the world infinite?


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Join as a member. There's a certificate with your name on it.
We believe that commit 03d1a3e: Issue #1962458 by jeremyr - 403 for anonymous users on node/add causes redirects from HTTPS in the admin section and other important URLs (like node/*edit) due to an interaction with Session443, or a bug in the implementation of this commit.
Two days ago I upgraded from Barracuda BOA-2.0.8 to Barracuda BOA-2.0.9, and logged the output of this upgrade, this server is running Drupal 6 sites, the main one being https://www.transitionnetwork.org/
The site has the Session 443 plugin installed to ensure that all authenticated sessions use HTTPS.
Since the upgrade to BOA-2.0.9 all HTTPS requests to /admin* and /node/*/edit (amongst others) that use clean URLs get a 301 redirect to the front page of the site - see an example of this.
No other configuration changes were made to the server prior/since the BOA upgrade.
There are two work-arounds for this problem, if you have Request Policy for Firefox installed then that can be used to block all HTTPS to HTTP redirects, or you can use non-clean URLs.
The issue was tracked down to an SSL-related problem as the problem mostly disappeared when that module was disabled - but session handling across the HTTP(S) contexts was not quite right.
Reverting said commit fixed the problem.
|Jim Kirkpatrick
|666 bytes
|967 bytes
Comment #1Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
To add to Chris' description:
It seems that only /admin* and /node/*/edit type pages are redirected -- i.e. those with forms or in the admin. User edit pages (user/*/edit) are fine - this affects content only.
The workaround is to use the non-clean url format, e.g. https://www.transitionnetwork.org/?q=admin.
Please note we also have our override.global.inc file in place that sets up some environment variables and also includes the code recommended by the Session 443 module - this could potentially be redundant
or an issue. It looks like:
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != 'off') {
ini_set('session.cookie_secure', 1);
EDIT: We tried commenting the session secure cookie line out and that made no difference - we didn't expect it to but it's the only customisation away from BOA defaults we have, and it's now ruled out.
Comment #3Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
|BOA-2.0.9 Redirects HTTPS requests to HTTP
|» BOA-2.0.9 Redirects HTTPS requests to HTTP since "403 for anonymous" feature.
More information: It seems that reverting commit 03d1a3e: Issue #1962458 by jeremyr - 403 for anonymous users on node/add has fixed it.
Also, disabling Session443 seemed to resolve the issue partially.
I'll update the description.
Comment #3.0Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
typo fixed
Comment #4Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
|Nginx Configuration
|» Code
Confirmed: Reverting the commit where it changed
/data/conf/global.inc fixes the issue for us.
The original cause of the commit was this issue: #1962458: 403 for anonymous users on node/add
My ramblings during debugging are available from after this comment over on our Trac.
Comment #5omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
|» Fixed
Fixed in commit: http://drupalcode.org/project/octopus.git/commit/f321101
There were two issues with the code intended to protect never cached URIs from DoS attempts as early in the bootstrap as possible (it couldn't work on the Nginx level, because there are no exceptions/control files available to use):
1. The code didn't respect request scheme.
2. The code forced
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] in the redirect instead of
Now you can easily disable this protection with two control files: one introduced in BOA-2.0.9
allow_anon_node_add.info and new introduced in the commit linked above
With protection enabled (default) there is still a potential issue with cookie check, because we are using Drupal native way to generate cookie name on the fly for comparison to make sure that the user is logged in the visited site, so if you are using code or module which alters Drupal defaults for cookie naming and/or handling, it may not work and the system may decide that you are an anonymous visitor and redirect you to the homepage:
if (file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/cookie_domain.info')) {
$domain = '.'. preg_replace('`^www.`', '', $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);
else {
$domain = '.'. preg_replace('`^www.`', '', $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']);
$domain = str_replace('..', '.', $domain);
if (count(explode('.', $domain)) > 2) {
@ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $domain);
$cookie_domain = $domain;
header("X-Cookie-Domain: " . $cookie_domain);
if ($drupal_seven || $drupal_eight) {
$conf['https'] = TRUE;
$sess_prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS';
$test_sess_name = $sess_prefix . substr(hash('sha256', $cookie_domain), 0, 32);
unset($conf['file_downloads']); // disable hardcoded public downloads in d7
else {
$test_sess_name = 'SESS'. md5($cookie_domain);
if (!isset($_COOKIE[$test_sess_name])) {
if (preg_match("/\/(?:node\/[0-9]+\/edit|node\/add)/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
if (!file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/allow_anon_node_add.info')) {
$deny_anon = TRUE;
header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
header("Location: " . $base_url . "/");
if (preg_match("/^\/(?:[a-z]{2}\/)?(?:admin|logout|privatemsg|approve)/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
if (!file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/disable_admin_dos_protection.info')) {
$deny_anon = TRUE;
header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
header("Location: " . $base_url . "/");
I would recommend to not use modules altering default behaviour. After all, our D7 core is patched to support HTTP/HTTPS out of the box, so you could add your own redirects on the
/data/conf/override.global.inc level or
/data/conf/settings.global.inc for higher level overrides using examples provided in the override.global.inc template.
Comment #6omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
|» Needs work
However, I just realized that our code based on D7 core doesn't really work as expected, because we have this check in global.inc
$sess_prefix = ini_get('session.cookie_secure') ? 'SSESS' : 'SESS';
session.cookie_secure is not set at this stage yet, because it is set in the boostrap.inc *after* the settings.php (and thus global.inc) is included, oops.
Comment #7omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
|Needs work
|» Needs review
This should fix the problem: http://drupalcode.org/project/octopus.git/commit/8c79f5e
If you could test this and confirm, that would be great.
Comment #8Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
Great, I will test tonight and report back, thank you.
Can you also please clarify: Do we need Session443 under BOA on Drupal 6, or is there a better way to have secure/https forms/admin and sessions?
Comment #10omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
I don't have any recommendation for D6 other than upgrade to D7, but if you could test the change introduced in head and provide some feedback in the context of module used, that would be great.
Comment #11Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
Hi, sorry about the delay in testing... I replaced our global.inc file with the one from the commit you did above and the same thing happens, except the redirect is to the HTTPS homepage (not HTTP), which is a minor improvement.
I'll put a bit more context as requested... First, the headers from a logged in user clicking going to admin/content/node (some values partly hidden just in case):
Request URL:https://www.transitionnetwork.org/admin/content/node
Request Method:GET
Status Code:301 Moved Permanently
--- Request Headers ---
Cookie:_pk_ref.1.2dc7=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1369079418%2C%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i-jk.co.uk%2Fdrupal-projects%2Ftransition-network-project-sharing-engine%22%5D; SESS9c2fa34093f48e760e86f541579*****=nr5pd1lat4rjfho4633jh*****; LOGGED_IN=1; has_js=1; _pk_id.1.2dc7=bc9d2f4962a42b34.1361448968.60.1369079754.1369075217.; _pk_ses.1.2dc7=*
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.31 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/26.0.1410.63 Safari/537.31
--- Response Headers ---
Cache-Control:no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8
Date:Mon, 20 May 2013 19:56:22 GMT
Last-Modified:Mon, 20 May 2013 19:56:16 +0000
X-Engine:Octopus 1.0 ET
Attached the list of enabled modules we have enabled on the site in case anything jumps out. I wanted to say we're happy with Session443 and just wanted to confirm it's a good choice under D6/BOA, which you now pretty much have. It's set up per Chris' comment above, and we use it instead of Secure Pages because under D6 that module has been dreadful for us.
So I'd say the key area with false positives is around line 393 in global.inc
if (!isset($_COOKIE[$test_sess_name])) {
if (preg_match("/\/(?:node\/[0-9]+\/edit|node\/add)/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
if (!file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/allow_anon_node_add.info')) {
$deny_anon = TRUE;
header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
header("Location: " . $base_url . "/");
if (preg_match("/^\/(?:[a-z]{2}\/)?(?:admin|logout|privatemsg|approve)/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
if (!file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/disable_admin_dos_protection.info')) {
$deny_anon = TRUE;
header("HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently");
header("Location: " . $base_url . "/");
So the
$_COOKIE[$test_sess_name] must not be set for some reason. I'll try to get the values of $test_sess_name from BOA 2.0.8 and HEAD to compare in the next comment. Oh, and don't have either control .info file on our /modules directory.
Comment #12Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
Having looked I see that the session ID inside the
$_COOKIE array has a completely different hash to the one being held in
That means our value for
$test_sess_name = 'SESS'. md5($cookie_domain); (line 372 is not what is actually used by the site. FYI, our $cookie_domain is ".transitionnetwork.org".
So the likely reason moves up to around line 344 where
$domain and
$cookie_domain are set:
if (file_exists('sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/cookie_domain.info')) {
$domain = '.'. preg_replace('`^www.`', '', $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);
else {
$domain = '.'. preg_replace('`^www.`', '', $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']);
$domain = str_replace('..', '.', $domain);
if (count(explode('.', $domain)) > 2 && !is_numeric(str_replace('.', '', $domain))) {
@ini_set('session.cookie_domain', $domain);
$cookie_domain = $domain;
header("X-Cookie-Domain: " . $cookie_domain);
So... Should we set the sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/cookie_domain.info' control file? What is that supposed to do? I'll test now...
Comment #13Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
That control file made no difference. Tried the HEAD global.inc (with Redis password change), no difference either.
FYI the global.inc we have in place that works for us is basically the stock 2.0.9 one with the if statement from #11 commented out.
I'm done for tonight, but it seems in summary that the wrong session ID is being looked for by
$test_sess_name, because the wrong
$domain or
$cookie_domain is being used to find it in
$_COOKIE, meaning the redirects near the
$deny_anon = TRUE sections are fired erroneously.
Comment #14omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
|Needs review
|» Active
Thank you for the feedback.
cookie_domain.info control file allows to force
SERVER_NAME for cookies, so you will be logged in in all sub-sites managed with Domain Access, if needed/expected. This feature is unrelated here.
As you can see in #11 above the
$cookie_domain is correct:
This means that also
$test_sess_name = 'SESS'. md5($cookie_domain); should provide correct value to check against, exactly as this example (we have added an extra header to be able to compare the values generated):
Host: demo.aegir.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.7,ja;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: https://demo.aegir.cc/hosting/sites
Cookie: SESSda92b3e6957411ba1437786d56ed4e51=44dbdb72cf11cd62ef0aca4bd707c1d5; has_js=1
Connection: keep-alive
Server: nginx
Date: Mon, 20 May 2013 22:17:22 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Accept-Encoding
X-Accel-Expires: 1
X-Backend: C
X-Allow-Redis: YES
X-Purge-Level: 6
X-Local-Proto: https
X-Cookie-Domain: .demo.aegir.cc
X-Redis-Prefix: o1.v189q.nyc.host8.biz_
X-Sess-Name: SESSda92b3e6957411ba1437786d56ed4e51
Last-Modified: Mon, 20 May 2013 22:17:22 +0000
Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
X-Engine: Octopus 1.0 ET
X-Device: normal
X-Speed-Cache: MISS
X-Speed-Cache-UID: 44dbdb72cf11cd62ef0aca4bd707c1d5;
X-Speed-Cache-Key: /
X-NoCache: DrupalCookie
X-GeoIP-Country-Code: US
X-GeoIP-Country-Name: United States
X-This-Proto: https
X-Server-Name: o1.v189q.nyc.host8.biz
Content-Encoding: gzip
As you can see, generated for comparison
X-Sess-Name is the same as Drupal own
Cookie name. The hash must match, unless this module generates it in some other way. I didn't check the code of the module, but I suspect it generates a cookie which is non-standard (probably because it marks it as secure etc).
Since we can't determine on this level if Session443 is enabled, you should probably disable this check with control files:
sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/allow_anon_node_add.info
sites/'. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] .'/modules/disable_admin_dos_protection.info
Please create both control files, make sure that redirects are not stored in the browser cache (restart the browser or use another browser) and let me know if this helped.
Comment #15Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
|BOA-2.0.9 Redirects HTTPS requests to HTTP since "403 for anonymous" feature.
|» BOA-2.0.9 redirects HTTPS admin/edit requests to homepage on D6 due to differing Session IDs
FYI the two control files from #14 plus the current global.inc in HEAD does indeed resolve the symptom of not being able to access the admin/edit pages.
I'm still trying to work out how/if Session443 is actually changing the session cookie, or if it's essentially providing a different cookie for the HTTPS context to the HTTP one. Regardless of cause, the current global.inc script can't match the session IDs under D6 with Session443 (and perhaps other similar modules).
So I wonder if you'd consider patches for the D6 codepath along the lines of either;
- looking for the "LOGGED_IN" cookie Session443 sets and doing an alternate session confirmation from that? -- or
- just looking for any session cookie starting "SESS" and being the correct length?
In either case above we'd need a control .info file to be set for 'lower standard of session confirmation'... Or perhaps you have an alternative idea?
Comment #16omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
BOA doesn't check Session IDs there, only Session (cookie) names, which should always match, if the domain used is the same, no matter what - otherwise the contrib module would simply change Drupal API. We are trying to limit checks and exceptions, but if you can propose a patch, which could fix the problem for you without disabling built-in protection, that would be great.
Comment #17omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
|» feature
Comment #18Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
Please see my proposal around the consolidation of all control files over at #2052703: Proposal: Replace all BOA control files used in global.inc with a per-platform and per-site, well documented control.ini file.
Its related directly to this because I'm proposing a way to allow different sites to have their own session/cookie handlers and other functionalization of global.inc, all managed from a single platform- or site-specific control file...
I'll come back to this issue when the direction of discussion on the above issue is clear. Thanks.
Comment #18.0Jim Kirkpatrick CreditAttribution: Jim Kirkpatrick commented
adding likely cause commit, rearranged
Comment #19omega8cc CreditAttribution: omega8cc commented
I think that
disable_admin_dos_protection = TRUE in the INI file on platform or site level should do the trick here.
You can also set this globally with line
$boa_ini['disable_admin_dos_protection'] = TRUE; added in


text:
This very special evening will celebrate the 40th anniversary of the UNLV Jazz Ensembles at UNLV. Conducted by David Loeb and Nathan Tanouye, this special concert will feature the UNLV Jazz Alumni Band, and guest tenor saxophonist Don Menza.
All members of this award-winning Jazz ensemble are selected by audition each semester, with primary consideration given to sight-reading and jazz-improvisation skills.


text:
You have been called upon by the Federation Space Academy to pilot an experimental ship called the Advent on a Top Secret mission. What starts out as a routine investigation quickly turns into a battle to save the universe from ultimate destruction at the writhing tentacles of a mysterious, new enemy!
Requiem Software Labs is a wireless developer for Android, T-Mobile Sidekick and other 'Powered By Danger' devices. Requiem provides mobile entertainment and application technologies in 46 countries around the world. Requiem does freelance work as well as projects by contract with companies such as Netflix, Microsoft and Google. With a combination of technical and artistic expertise, Requiem is the leading provider in applications for Android devices.
Requiem is a privately held company based in Austin, TX.Android is a trademark of Google Inc.GoogleTV is a trademark of Google Inc.Danger is subsidiary of Microsoft.Bing and Live Search are trademarks of Microsoft.
Requiem was contracted by Netflix to create the front-end user interface and login credential checking for its TV/Movie streaming application on the first generation GoogleTV device. Given extremely short notice, an aggresive timeline and incomplete APIs, we delivered the working product weeks before deadline.
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Put your quick reflexes and puzzle-solving skills to the test as you race against the clock with Gem Slinger! Draw back the bow to create clusters of 3 or more gems to clear the board before the wall comes crashing down on you! Multiple skill settings for more challenging play!
Stay tuned for additional info on these upcoming titles...
Classic tank warfare with a modern touch - and extreme firepower!
Duck, catch and throw your way through high-impact action!
Dodge, jab and brawl with intense first-person arcade-style boxing!


text:
Матеріал з Програмна інженерії
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text:
On Monday October 10, the Digital Publishing team released an update to Viewer Builder that adding Newsstand option to the UI. Customers can now begin to build apps for Newsstand and submit to Apple for approval. The newest release of Viewer Builder is available on the Digital Publishing Suite portal.
By Roger Risdal
Comments (0)
October 13, 2011


text:
Satina Williams
Assistant Professor
Location: 503S Whitehead Hall
Phone: 718.951.5000 x6886
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text:
Location: Intertidal marshes of Jacksonville and Fernindina, Florida
The Illusive Great Land Crab
The lumbering land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) is not easy to find at the limit of its range in north Florida, where the water temperature can dive consistently below 20oC in the winter months. The crab is nocturnal and can be found poking and digging around in the glass worts at night or on a very cloudy, blustery day at ebb tide. Its habitat usually includes glass worts (Salicornia sp.), salt meadow hay (Spartina alterniflora), sweet bay, (Magnolia virginiana), youpon (Ilex vomitoria), fiddler crabs (Uca sp), and an occasional raccoon.
Procyan lotor
I have happily photographed this crab as far as 2 km from the ocean as "the pelican flies," but never far from the salt marsh. One usually hears this beast walking around before ever seeing it.
The great crab, which weighs over 1.1 lb (500 grams) at 11 cm, looks very much like a giant form of the fiddler uca. Its eyes are on stalks. Male crabs have one enlarged claw (cheliped). The "great one"; gathers and eats leaves and fruit, which are taken to its burrow, but the land crab is omnivorous, feeding also on carrion. Burrows are large, up to 18 cm wide, and usually intersect the water table at low tide, at a depth of up to 2 m. A pool of water is found at the bottom of each burrow. The great crabs may migrate at a rate of 500 m or more in a single evening using polarized light during the day and the illuminated horizons at night. An adult crab reaches sexual maturity in 4 years, which requires as many as 60 molts [ecdysis periods]. During each molt, the crab seals itself inside its burrow with mud from its habitat for a week or more. During this molting season, the male and female crabs rendezvous in the male's burrow after a courtship vigil. Females carry egg masses for about 15 or more days until the larva are ready to hatch. The female then migrates to the ocean to spawn her eggs. Lunar periodicity controls spawning, and the entire process occurs close to a full moon throughout the late summer in the tropics. In Florida, spawning may continue through Christmas day.
The amphibious crabs have become terrestrial, but have to return to the ocean to complete their life cycle. The mother crab carries the young larva [protozoea] until she spawns in the ocean waves by shaking her babies off in the surf. Each female may produce around three-quarters of a million eggs per spawn.
Larval development tolerates a wide salinity range, but only a limited temperature change. The adults are more tolerant than the young, and temperature may play a very important bruiting role in north Florida. In the Jacksonville salt marshes, these crabs can be seen in the climax oak forests that border the salt marshes to the west. Fernandina, at the south end; Ft. George Island, near the federal park; and Kingsly Plantation are havens for these crabs.
When the land crab was tested in the laboratory, it was discovered that this amazing crab was able to maintain its oxygen concentrations at a constant rate both in and out of the water. Apparently this is accomplished by changing the ventilation rate.
The next time you are in the salt marsh late in the afternoon or evening at low tide, keep your eyes open (and bring your favorite mosquito repellant). Look around the sweet bays and youpons for holes. Foraging raccoons or busy armadillos may not have dug all of these holes. (Dasypus nineringus) At the bottoms of some of these personally engineered holes, you may find the "great one"; with a claw full of muddy leaves sitting beside its below-ground swimming pool of brackish marsh water.
Unfortunately for the great land crab, it is considered a highly prized food in the Caribbean, where it is often thrown in stew pots. Sometimes the crab has the last word, however. When it feeds on the poisonous fruit of the Manchineel tree, it can cause ulcers and lesions to those who eat it.
Key Principles
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Servicing Advice
According to the sticker I have another 2000 Ks before my next service is due, However on the screen it shows 5000 ks before my next service. Which one should I follow?
P.S. Does anyone know any good places that they would recommend in Perth (WA, Australia)?
Not sure who put your sticker on but it's probably better than what the car (screen) says....IMO
What kind of "service" are we talking about here? The car is 11 years old. At this point, I would forget about what stickers and computers tell you and replace things according to common sense. Are you just talking about an oil change? When was the oil last changed if that's the case?
+1 forget about that inspection counter. Change what breaks or what needs to be changed for preventative maintenance. Do as much work yourself as you can.
So your car is telling you ~3000 miles until oil change, but the sticker says 1200?
Who did you take it to for service? If they put in dino oil, I would change it in a few hundreds miles and use a proper synthetic.
I am not quite sure, Last time (roughly 7 months ago) I did a major service, changed the breaks etc. According to the sticker that the mechanic has put on, I am due for another round in another 2000 Ks. I do not think anything will be required other than the routine oil, air filter, etc change.
Having said that Originally when i bought the car (2 years ago) the car was leaking oil and the mechanic supposedly fixed it (said something about Vanos) and then it was still leaking so i went back and this time he said there was a crack line in some pipe and he fixed that a swell. Long story short, I have been to the mechanics a few times for the oil leak but it is still leaking or burning oil somehow. So i have given up and i just add a liter of oil on top every few months. I don't know if that is normal or not but I have ran out of money to spend on the car. I would have changed the oil myself but i hear you need special tools.
1. You can change the oil yourself. The only supplies you need are the 7 quarts of oil, appropriate filter (which should come with a crush washer and oil filter housing o-ring). The only tools, a 17mm wrench or socket and a 36mm socket for the filter cap. EDIT: Do a search to find out how to reset the oil service indicator through the cluster.
2. Your mech should be able to handle an oil leak after "a few times." That's not a good sign.
I would call the mech, ask what kind of oil he put in, then find a different mech that specializes in BMWs or european cars at a minimum. Change the oil yourself with a high-quality synthetic--appropriate selections can be found by searching this forum.
He does euro cars only (BMW, AUDi etc), a bit of a dodgy guy though. I have changed mechanics since then.
Thank you very much guys, I will search the DIY forums and try and change the oil, air filter myself.
Edit: I found a DYI for oil change but non for air filter change, Could someone please link me?
Dude, who did you take your car to? AutoMasters? AutoBahn? Ultratune? Lubemobil? Pretty much anyone that puts those old school service stickers on your windscreen shouldn't be servicing your BMW. All those guys don't even have GT-1 scanner or any BMW OBDII scanner hence can't even look for or diagnose any stored faults. PS they put any kind of oil/filter in it instead of the recommended one. Oh and if they do replace stuff, it'll be most likely after market crap and not the OEM BMW since AutoClassic would be way too expensive for them to make a profit.
Even 3MW which should be one of the better independent BMW service places uses aftermarket parts. I made the mistake of taking my car there once, they replaced the parts with the after market ones and didn't even tell me about it; took it back to AutoClassic and got them replaced with the OEM ones. They also did the brake fluid bleed, I had shocking air bubbles in the brake pedal afterwards, took it back and they told me it's all normal. I had enough of their bullsh!t, took the car back to AutoClassic and re-did the brake fluid bleed, the brakes have been excellent ever since since then.
Bite the bullet and take your car to AutoClassic if you want your BMW to perform at it's best. It is expensive, but that's the price you pay if you want a good BMW
The place that i took the car to originally and kept going back and forth was AutoClassic (the one near great eastern hwy), they did not manage to fix the oil leak after all the money they charged me and once, after i got the car back all of a sudden the alternator stopped working as well which they refused to take responsibility for, that is why stopped going there, the guy who serviced my car last and has put that sticker is an independent mechanic.
I have had a look at the DIY forums and changing the oil, oil filter and air filter seems very easy and i will get the parts from BMW so it is all good now. I might take it to a mechanic when it is due for another major service.
Changing the oil in an E46 - vacuum method
Replace spark plugs
Replace brake pads
Thanks Guys.
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The Silver Center for the Arts at Plymouth State University hosts professional actors from the Papermill Theatre in Lincoln throughout the summer, to present their repertoire of children's stories adapted for the stage.
Performances are 2 p.m. each Thursday. All seats (including babes in arms) are $5 and shows usually sell out.
The August 9 performance will be The Princess and the Pea.
The final performance this summer will be:
August 16 Robin Hood and His Merry Men
The North Country Center for the Arts Children's Theatre has been delighting audiences for more than 20 years, with original adaptations of fairy tales and folk tales produced and created for children of all ages. Shows are approximately 40 minutes in length and appeal to adults and children three years and older. Cast members greet the audience in the Silver Center lobby after each show.
Call (603) 535-ARTS or (800) 779-3869 for tickets, or shop online at http://silver.plymouth.edu. Convenience fees apply to online orders. Summer box office hours are Monday through Friday, noon to 5 p.m.


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Date: Monday 15 July 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Professor Jeffrey D Sachs
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
The start of John F Kennedy's presidency was marked by blunders and near-disasters, from the Bay of Pigs invasion to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Crisis was a turning point – Kennedy retreated from the nuclear precipice with renewed confidence, and with the determination to chart and achieve a pathway to peace. Sachs will discuss the lessons of Kennedy's 1963 campaign for peace and a nuclear test ban treaty, including the strategies for leadership and problem-solving in complex and dangerous international situations.
Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs (pictured) is a world-renowned professor of economics, leader in sustainable development, senior UN advisor, bestselling author, and syndicated columnist whose monthly newspaper columns appear in more than 80 countries.
This event is free and open to all however a ticket is required, only one ticket per person can be requested. Tickets for this event will be available on Monday 8th July.
For further information please visit the LSE Public Events pages.
Date: Monday 24 June 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Professor Justin Lin
Chair: Professor Danny Quah
This event marks the publication of Professor Lin's new book Against the Consensus: Reflections on the Great Recession.
In June 2008, Justin Yifu Lin was appointed Chief Economist of the World Bank, right before the eruption of the worst global financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression. Drawing on experience from his privileged position, Lin offers unique reflections on the cause of the crisis, why it was so serious and widespread, and its likely evolution. Arguing that conventional theories provide inadequate solutions, he proposes new initiatives for achieving global stability and avoiding the recurrence of similar crises in the future. He suggests that the crisis and the global imbalances both originated with the excess liquidity created by US financial deregulation and loose monetary policy, and recommends the creation of a global Marshall Plan and a new supranational global reserve currency. This thought-provoking book will appeal to academics, graduate students, policy makers, and anyone interested in the global economy. Justin's other recent books include Demystifying the Chinese Economy, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Justin Lin is professor and honorary dean at the National School of Development at Peking University. He was the senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank from 2008-2012. Prior to joining the Bank, Professor Lin served for 15 years as founding director and professor of the China Centre for Economic Research (CCER) at Peking University and is the author of 24 books including The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off, New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development and Policy, Demystifying the Chinese Economy, Benti and Changwu: Dialogues on Methodology in Economics, and Economic Development and Transition: Thought, Strategy, and Viability.
He is a member of the Standing Committee and vice chairman of the Economic Council, Chinese People's Political Consultation Conference. He was vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce. He served on several national and international committees, leading groups, and councils on development policy, technology, and environment including: Eminent Persons Council of the World Bank, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Steering Committee, the UN Millennium Task Force on Hunger; the Eminent Persons Group of the Asian Development Bank; the National Committee on United States-China Relations; the Global Agenda Council on the International Monetary System; Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee; and the Hong Kong-U.S. Business Council. He received honorary doctoral degrees from Universite D'Auvergne, Fordham University, Nottingham University, City University of Hong Kong, London School of Economics, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and is a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy and a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences for Developing World.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSErecession
This event is free and open to all with no ticket required. Entry is on a first come, first served basis. For any queries email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 020 7955 6043.
The video and the podcast of this lecture are now available at the LSE News and Media pages.
For further information, please visit the LSE Public Events pages.
Date: Wednesday 19 June 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Stephen King
Chair: Professor Wouter Den Haan
The Western world has experienced extraordinary economic progress throughout the last six decades, a prosperous period so extended that continuous economic growth has come to seem normal. But such an era of continuously rising living standards is an historical anomaly, economist Stephen D. King warns, and the current stagnation of Western economies threatens to reach crisis proportions in the not-so-distant future. Praised for the 'dose of realism' he provided in his book Losing Control, King follows up in this volume with a plain-spoken assessment of where the West stands today. It's not just the end of an age of affluence, he shows. We have made promises to ourselves that are only achievable through ongoing economic expansion. The future benefits we expect - pensions, healthcare, and social security, for example - may be larger than tomorrow's resources. And if we reach that point, which promises will be broken and who will lose out? The lessons of history offer compelling evidence that political and social upheaval are often born of economic stagnation. King addresses these lessons with a multifaceted plan that involves painful - but necessary - steps toward a stable and just economic future.
Stephen King is HSBC's Group Chief Economist and the Bank's Global Head of Economics and Asset Allocation research. He is directly responsible for HSBC's global economic coverage and co-ordinates the research of HSBC economists all over the world. He is currently the top-rated global economist in the annual Extel survey. His new book is When the Money Runs Out: The End of Western Affluence.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEaffluence
This event is free and open to all with no ticket required. Entry is on a first come, first served basis. For any queries email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 020 7955 6043.
Date: Wednesday 29 May 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Sir James Wolfensohn
Discussant: Professor Amartya Sen
James Wolfensohn was the ninth president of the World Bank.
Amartya Sen (pictured left) is professor of economics at Harvard University and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics. He is an honorary fellow of LSE.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSESen
This event is free and open to all however a ticket is required. One ticket per person can now be requested.
For further information about the event and tickets to attend, please visit the LSE Public Events pages.
Date: Monday 20 May 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Peacock Theatre
Speaker: Professor Muhammad Yunus
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
The IGC will be hosting Nobel Prize winner, Professor Muhammad Yunus at the London School of Economics for a lecture open to the general public, on Monday 20th May.
Muhammad Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 in the village of Bathua, Chittagong, a seaport in Bangladesh. The third of fourteen children, he was educated at Dhaka University and was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to study economics at Vanderbilt University. He then served as chairman of the economics department at Chittagong University before devoting his life to providing financial and social services to the poorest of the poor. He is the founder of Grameen Bank, serving as managing director until May 2011. Yunus is the author of the bestselling Banker to the Poor. In October 2006, Muhammad Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts to create economic and social development. Muhammad Yunus was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science (Economics) by LSE in November 2011. In April 2013 he received the US Congressional Gold Medal.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEYunus
This event is free and open to all however a ticket is required, only one ticket per person can be requested.
Members of the public, LSE staff, students and alumni can request one ticket via the online ticket request form which will be live on this listing around 6pm on Monday 13 May until at least 12noon on Tuesday 14 May.
Date: Wednesday 15 May 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speakers: Dr Ha-Joon Chang, Professor Danny Quah
Chair: Professor Robert Wade
The debate is organized by the Development Management Programme, and features two world authorities on economic growth and development, Professor Danny Quah of the LSE, and Dr Ha-Joon Chang of Cambridge.
Ha-Joon Chang is one of the leading heterodox economists and institutional economists specialising in development economics. Currently Reader in the Political Economy of Development at the University of Cambridge, Chang is the author of several best-selling books, most notably Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (2002) and 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism (2010). He has served as a consultant to the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the European Investment Bank as well as to Oxfam and various United Nations agencies. He is also a fellow at the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, D.C.
Professor Danny Quah is Kuwait professor of Economics and International Development at LSE, Senior Fellow at LSE IDEAS, Chair of the LSE-PKU Summer School Board, Academic Director of LSE's Executive Summer School, Director of Public Relations for the Economics Department, and Co-Director of LSE's Kuwait Research Programme. Quah served on Malaysia's National Economic Advisory Council 2009-2011; he was the first Head of Department for Economics at LSE 2006-2009.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEmarkets
The podcast of this lecture is now available through the LSE News and Media pages.
Date: Monday 25 March 2013
Time: 5.15-7pm
Venue: LSE campus, venue tbc to ticketholders
Speakers: Dr Ben S Bernanke, Olivier Blanchard, Professor Lawrence H. Summers, Axel A. Weber
Chair: Professor Sir Mervyn King
Five years on, the global economy continues to come to terms with the impact of the financial crisis. This event examines the lessons that both economists and policymakers should learn in order to lessen the chance of future crises.
Ben S. Bernanke was sworn in on February 1, 2006, as chairman and a member of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System. Before his appointment as chairman, Dr. Bernanke was chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, from June 2005 to January 2006.
Olivier Blanchard is economic counsellor and director, Research Department at the International Monetary Fund. After obtaining his Ph.D in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977, he taught at Harvard University, returning to MIT in 1982, where he has been since where he holds the post of Class of 1941 Professor of Economics.
Lawrence H. Summers is President Emeritus of Harvard University. During the past two decades he has served in a series of senior policy positions, including vice president of development economics and chief economist of the World Bank, undersecretary of the Treasury for International Affairs, director of the National Economic Council for the Obama administration from 2009 to 2011, and secretary of the treasury of the United States, from 1999 to 2001. He is currently the Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University.
Axel A. Weber is visiting professor of economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, former president of the Deutsche Bundesbank and current chairman of the board of UBS.
Professor Sir Mervyn King is governor of the Bank of England. Before joining the Bank he was professor of economics at the LSE, and a founder of the Financial Markets Group.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #financialcrisis
Further information about ticket information and the returns queue is available in the LSE Public Events page.
Date: Thursday 21 March 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Dr Linda Yueh
Chair: Professor Danny Quah
What drives China's impressive growth and will it continue? Parsing the evidence leads to some surprising conclusions and also points to needed reforms to sustain development in the coming decades.
Linda Yueh is director of the China Growth Centre and fellow in economics at St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford. She is also adjunct professor of economics at the London Business School. Linda's new book is entitled China's Growth: The Making of an Economic Superpower.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEChina
This event is free and open to all with no ticket required. Entry is on a first come, first served basis. For any queries email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 020 7955 6043.
The programme for LSE's fifth Literary Festival, which will be taking place from Thursday 26 February to Sunday 2 March 2013, has been announced.
In 2013, the Festival will explore the theme Branching Out, in celebration of the fifth anniversary traditionally marked by wood, but also in homage to the 300th anniversary of the birth of Denis Diderot, who developed the figurative system of branches of human knowledge.
Key 'branches' that will be explored include Narratives, Innovation, Changing World and Uniting the Branches of Knowledge. Speakers will include Hans Rosling, P D James, Kate Mosse, Professor Lord Hennessey, Anne Applebaum, Ken Livingstone, John Gray, Jenny Uglow, Will Hutton, Polly Toynbee, Michael Wood, Pat Barker and many more.
Professor Tim Besley (pictured right), School Professor of Economics and Political Science, will be among the speakers discussing the presentation of scientific topics in the media. The title of the session is: 'Altered States: what happens when we tell stories about science?', taking place on Wednesday 27th February at 7pm. More information about the specific talk at the LSE Public Events page.
The programme also includes a series of creative writing workshops and fun events for children. Tickets will be available online from Monday 4 February. Full details can be found at LSE Space for Thought Literary Festival 2013.
Date: Thursday 21 February 2013
Time: 6:30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Professor Elhanan Helpman, Harvard University
Chair: Professor Tim Besley, Department of Economics, LSE
During the last decade the analysis of foreign trade and investment has been re-oriented toward the roles played by firms with different characteristics. This has been enabled by the emergence of rich data sets that provide new stylized facts on trade and investment. In response, new theoretical models have been developed to explain these patterns and to re-examine a host of issues, such as the effects of trade policy on productivity and trade openness on inequality. The lecture will review these developments.
Elhanan Helpman (pictured) is the Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade at Harvard University and a Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. He holds a BA degree in Economics and Statistics from Tel Aviv University, an MA degree in Economics from the same institution, and a PhD degree in Economics from Harvard University. He was the Archie Sherman Professor of International Economic Relations at Tel Aviv University before moving to Harvard.
Helpman is a cofounder of the "new trade theory'' and the "new growth theory,'' which emphasize the roles of economies of scale and imperfect competition. He was Co-Editor of the Journal of International Economics, Editor of the European Economic Review, and is currently an Editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics. He is a member of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy, a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association. He was President of the Israeli Economic Association and President of the Econometric Society. He received the Mahalanobis Memorial Medal, the Bernhard Harms Prize, the Rothschild Prize, the EMET Prize, the Nemmers Prize, the Onassis Prize and the Israel Prize.
Hosted jointly by Economica and the Department of Economics, the annual Economica Coase-Phillips Lectures were named to reflect the authorship of two of the most famous articles ever published in Economica (the 'Phillips Curve' article was the most heavily-cited macroeconomics title of the 20th century; Ronald Coase won the Nobel Prize for his work on the theory of the firm which began with his Economica article).
Following the inaugural lecture by Oliver Hart in 2007, the Economica Coase-Phillips lectures have played host to Robert Lucas, Jean Tirole, Thomas Sargent, Ernst Fehr and Christopher Pissarides; for more information about the lecture series, please visit the Economica website.
This event is free and open to all, with no ticket required.
Date: Tuesday 5 February 2013
Time: 6.30-8.00pm
Venue: Vera Anstey Room, Old Building
Speaker: Professor Kang Chul-Kyu, President, Woosuk University
Chair: Professor Danny Quah, Kuwait Professor of Economics and International Development, LSE
In economic development, intangible social technologies — institutions, organisations, and management capabilities — matter critically, perhaps even more so than hard, physical technologies. Professor Kang's lecture discusses the empirical evidence on this, and shows how every critical juncture in human history sees the emergence of key defining social technologies, technologies that shape national destiny as profoundly as they do economic development. It is thus social technology that leads economic and historical development. He will also briefly touch on how Chaebol reform in Korea occupies a fascinating nexus in the development of this hypothesis.
Professor Kang Chul-Kyu (pictured) is President of Woosuk University in Wanju, Korea. A graduate of Seoul National University, he earned his PhD in Economics from Northwestern University, majoring in economic theory. His research interests include international organisation and economic development.
Professor Kang served for most of his academic career as Professor of Economics at the University of Seoul. He has been active in both the civic and political arenas, serving as Co-Representative of Civil Coalition of Economic Justice, and recently Chairman of the Nomination Committee for General Elections of the Democratic United Party.
He has worked for previous governments as Co-Chairman with the Prime Minister of the Presidential Regulatory Reform Committee, First Chairman (Senior Minister) of the Independent Commission Against Corruption and Chairman (Senior Minister) of the Fair Trade Commission.
This event is free and open to all, with no ticket required.
Date: Thursday 31 January 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speakers: Professor Tim Besley, Professor Francesco Caselli, Sir Richard Lambert, Rachel Lomax, Professor Lord Stern and Professor John van Reenen
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
Having sifted through the evidence throughout 2012, the distinguished group of LSE Growth Commissioners launch the report of their findings on the design of a strategy to support UK growth.
Tim Besley is LSE professor of economics and political science; co-chair of the commission.
Francesco Caselli is professor of economics at LSE.
Richard Lambert is chancellor, University of Warwick and former director general of the Confederation of British Industry.
Rachel Lomax is non-executive director of HSBC, former deputy governor of the Bank of England and permanent secretary of three government departments.
Nicholas Stern is IG Patel chair and director, LSE Asia Research Centre.
John van Reenen is director of CEP and professor of economics; co-chair of the commission.
Professor Besley Professor Caselli Professor Lord Stern Professor Van Reenen
Running order:
• Welcome from Prof Craig Calhoun
• Tim Besley - Introduction & The Economic Story of the UK
• John Van Reenen - Human Capital
• Nick Stern - Infrastructure
• Richard Lambert - Finance & Innovation
• Francesco Caselli - GDP and Beyond
• Rachel Lomax - How do we get where we want to go?
• Questions from the audience
For more information about the Growth Commission and its members please view LSE Growth Commission.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEgrowth
Ticket Information: This event is free and open to all however a ticket is required. One ticket per person can now be requested via the LSE Public Events pages.
Media queries: please contact the Press Office if you would like to reserve a press seat or have a media query about this event, email firstname.lastname@example.com.
The podcast for this event is now available at the LSE News and Media pages.
Eurozone Deadlock – Finding a Path Out of the Crisis
Date: Wednesday 23 January 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Sheikh Zayed Theatre, New Academic Building
Speaker: Professor Luis Garicano
It is still possible to find a way out of the Eurozone crisis if policy-makers address two problems: dealing with the legacy costs of the initially flawed design of the Eurozone, and fixing the design itself.
Luis Garicano (pictured) is professor and head of the Managerial Economics and Strategy Group in the LSE's Department of Management.
Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics
Date: Wednesday 16 January 2013
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Dr Daniel Stedman Jones
Respondents: Professor Mark Pennington, Professor Lord Skidelsky
Chair: Professor Stuart Corbridge
How did American and British policymakers become so enamoured with free markets, deregulation, and limited government? Based on archival research and interviews with leading participants in the movement, Daniel Stedman Jones has traced the ascendancy of neoliberalism from the academy of interwar Europe to supremacy under Reagan and Thatcher and in the decades since. He contends that there was nothing inevitable about the victory of free-market politics. Far from being the story of the simple triumph of right-wing ideas, the neoliberal breakthrough was contingent on the economic crises of the 1970s and the acceptance of the need for new policies by the political left. In his lecture he will describe neoliberalism's road to power, beginning in interwar Europe, then shifting its centre of gravity after 1945 to the United States, especially to Chicago and Virginia, where it was developed into an uncompromising political message, communicated through a transatlantic network of think tanks, businessmen, politicians, and journalists held together by Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. A discussion for anyone who wants to understand the history behind the Anglo-American love affair with the free market, as well as the origins of the current economic crisis.
Daniel Stedman Jones is a barrister in London. He was educated at the University of Oxford and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a PhD in history. He has worked as a policy adviser for the New Opportunities Fund and as a researcher for Demos. His latest book is Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics.
Mark Pennington is Professor of Public Policy and Political Economy, King's College, University of London, prior to which he spent eleven years at Queen Mary, University of London. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics. Mark's work lies at the intersection of politics, philosophy and economics with a particular emphasis on the classical liberal tradition. His latest book, Robust Political Economy (2011: Cheltenham, Edward Elgar) examines challenges to classical liberalism derived from neo-classical economics, communitarian political theory and egalitarian ethics. From January 2013 Mark will be the European Editor of the Review of Austrian Economics.
Robert Skidelsky is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick. His three-volume biography of the economist John Maynard Keynes (1983, 1992, 2000) received numerous prizes, and he recently published Keynes: The Return of the Master.
The podcast of the discussion can be found at the LSE News and Media pages: Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics.
Date: Tuesday 18 December 2012
Time: 6.45-8.15pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Professor Justin Lin
Chair: Professor Danny Quah
As a result of the miraculous growth since the market-oriented reform in 1979, China's status in the global economy has dramatically changed. This speech will reflect on China's unprecedented growth in the past 32 years, examine the reasons of that growth, and discuss prospects and challenges for China to maintain an eight-percent annual growth rate in the coming decades.
Justin Yifu Lin is the former World Bank chief economist and senior vice president, development economics. Lin is the founder and first director of the China Center for Economic Research and a former professor of economics at Peking University and at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Justin Lin is to receive an Honorary Degree from LSE – Doctor of Science (Economics).
Date: Thursday 22 November 2012
Time: 5-6pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Martin Ravallion
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
Relative deprivation, shame and social exclusion matter to the welfare of people everywhere, but this fact is ignored by standard measures of economic performance, including poverty. The lecture will argue that such social effects on welfare call for a reconsideration of how we assess global poverty, but they do not support widely used measures of relative poverty. It is argued instead that a new class of measures is called for, and new estimates of global poverty are presented. The lecture will discuss the implications for thinking about development policy, including setting global development goals.
Martin Ravallion is Director of the World Bank's Research Department and (from 2013) holds the Edmond D. Villani Chair of Economics at Georgetown University. He served as acting Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, Development Economics at the World Bank succeeding Justin Yifu Lin, and holding the post until Kaushik Basu took up the post. His main research interests over the last 25 years have concerned poverty and policies for fighting it. He has advised numerous governments and international agencies on this topic, and he has written extensively on this and other subjects in economics, including three books and 200 papers in scholarly journals and edited volumes. In 2012 he was awarded the John Kenneth Galbraith Prize. Prior to joining the Bank, Martin was on the faculty of the Australian National University (ANU). He holds a Ph.D. in economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), and has taught economics at LSE, Oxford University, the Australian National University, Princeton University and the Paris School of Economics.
This event is free and open to all with no ticket required. Entry is on a first come, first served basis. For any queries email email@example.com or call 020 7955 6043.
For further information, please visit the LSE Events pages.
The video for this event is now online on the LSE News and Media pages.
Economic Transition in the Arab world: Challenges and Opportunities
Date: Tuesday 13 November 2012
Time: 3-4pm
Venue: LSE campus, venue tbc to ticketholders
Speaker: David Lipton
Chair: Professor Danny Quah
Almost two years after the start of the so-called "Arab Spring", the countries concerned are facing significant economic challenges, against the backdrop of a difficult global environment. While much attention is rightly being paid to near term economic stabilization, there is an historic opportunity for structural changes that would liberate economic forces, and allow these economies to generate the growth needed for increasing income and employment opportunities. Notwithstanding their own difficulties, advanced economies must help.
David Lipton (pictured, © International Monetary Fund) was appointed First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund on September 1, 2011. Before joining the Fund, he was Special Assistant to the President, and Senior Director for International Economic Affairs. National Economic Council and National Security Council at the White House. He was a Managing Director at Citi, and also worked at Moore Capital Management and at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Mr Lipton served in the Clinton Administration at the Treasury Department, and as Assistant Secretary and Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs. Before that, he was a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center of Scholars. From 1989 to 1992, he worked as Economic Advisor to the governments of Russia, Poland and Slovenia. Mr. Lipton began his career with eight years on the IMF staff. He has a Ph.D. and M.A. from Harvard University and a B.A. from Wesleyan University.
The podcast and video for this event is now online. Plese visit the Video and Audio pages.
The Gulf and the Global Economy: the state of the world
Date: Thursday 25 October 2012
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speakers: Arnab Das, Professor Iain Begg, Dr Gerard Lyons, Rachel Ziemba
Chair: Professor Danny Quah (pictured)
As US and European economies teeter on the verge of ever-greater slowdown, what prospects remain for growth elsewhere in the world?
Arnab Das is managing director of research, Roubini Global Economics.
Iain Begg is Professor at the European Institute, LSE.
Gerard Lyons is chief economist and group head, Global Research, Standard Chartered Bank.
Rachel Ziemba is director of Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa (CEEMEA) and global macroeconomics at Roubini Global Economics.
The podcast for the discussion is available through the LSE News and Media podcast channel: The Gulf and the Global Economy: the state of the world.
Adapt: Problem Solving in a Complex World
Date: Monday 15 October 2012
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Old Theatre, Old Building
Speaker: Tim Harford
Chair: Dr. Francesco Nava
Tim Harford combines biology, statistical physics, psychology and of course economics to explore how complex problems are solved, and the crucial role of learning from our apparently endless ability to screw up.
Tim Harford is the author of Adapt and The Undercover Economist. He is a senior columnist at the Financial Times, presenter of Radio 4's More or Less, and a visiting fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford.
This event is free and open to all with no ticket required. Entry is on a first come, first served basis. For any queries email email@example.com or call 020 7955 6043.
For further information, please visit the LSE Public Events pages.
The podcast for the lecture is available through the LSE Public Lectures and Events podcast channel: Adapt: Problem Solving in a New Complex World.
Date: Thursday 11 October 2012
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: Sheikh Zayed Theatre, New Academic Building
Speaker: Dr William H Janeway
Discussant: Professor Dimitri Vayanos
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
In this talk William Janeway will discuss his new book, Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy: Markets, Speculation and the State. The Innovation Economy begins with discovery and culminates in speculation. Over some 250 years, economic growth has been driven by successive processes of trial and error: upstream exercises in research and invention, and downstream experiments in exploiting the new economic space opened by innovation. Drawing on his professional experiences, William H. Janeway provides an accessible pathway for readers to appreciate the dynamics of the Innovation Economy. He combines personal reflections, from a career spanning forty years in venture capital, with the development of an original theory of the role of asset bubbles in financing technological innovation and of the role of the state in playing an enabling role in the innovation process. Today, with the state frozen as an economic actor and access to the public equity markets only open to a minority, the Innovation Economy is stalled; learning the lessons from this book will contribute to its renewal.
William H. Janeway has lived a double life of "theorist-practitioner," according to the legendary economist Hyman Minsky who first applied that term to him twenty-five years ago. In his role as "practitioner," Bill Janeway has built and led the Warburg Pincus Technology Investment team that provided financial backing to a series of companies making critical contributions to the internet economy, including BEA Systems, Veritas Software and Nuance Communications, the speech recognition company. He remains actively engaged as a Senior Advisor and Managing Director at Warburg Pincus.
As a "theorist," Janeway received a Ph.D in Economics from Cambridge University where he was a Marshall Scholar. His doctoral study on the formulation of economic policy following the Great Crash of 1929 was supervised by Keynes' leading student, Richard Kahn. Janeway went on to found the Cambridge Endowment for Research in Finance. Currently he serves as a Teaching Visitor at the Princeton University Economics Department and Visiting Scholar in the Economics Faculty of Cambridge University.
Janeway is a director of Magnet Systems, Nuance Communications, O'Reilly Media and a member of the Board of Managers of Roubini Global Economics. He is a member of the board of directors of the Social Science Research Council, and a co-founder and member of the Governing Board of the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET).
For further information, please visit the LSE Public Events page.
For a podcast of the lecture, please visit the LSE Public Lectures and Events podcast channel: What I Learned By Doing Capitalism.
Date: Tuesday 9 October 2012
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: LSE campus, venue tbc to ticketholders
Speaker: Professor Sir Mervyn King
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
Since 2008, we have experienced the worst financial crisis and recession since the 1930's. What challenges does this pose to the intellectual foundations of monetary policy? Do we need a new approach?
Mervyn King is the Governor of the Bank of England. Before joining the Bank he was Professor of Economics at the LSE, and a founder of the Financial Markets Group.
For further information, please visit the LSE Public Events page.
A podcast of this lecture is available through the LSE Public Lectures and Events podcasts channel: Twenty Years of Inflation Targeting.
Date: Monday 1 October 2012
Time: 6.30-8pm
Venue: LSE campus, venue to be announced to ticket holders
Speaker: Stephen Hester
Chair: Professor Craig Calhoun
Lecture for LSE staff and students only.
Stephen Hester took over as Royal Bank of Scotland CEO after the UK Government was forced to rescue the bank from the brink of collapse during the financial crisis. Three and a half years after launching its recovery plan, the bank is in much stronger health. But like the rest of the banking industry, RBS continues to confront serious reputational damage as past mistakes slowly come into full view of regulators, media, and the wider public. Hester will explain how a key linking factor behind the scandals currently affecting the industry has been its approach to customers. And he will argue that improving that approach is the key to fixing both the culture and performance of the banks we all rely on.
For further information, please visit the LSE Events page (restricted access).
A podcast of this lecture is available through the LSE Public Lectures and Events podcasts and videos channel: Rebuilding Banking.
Click on the Lectures and Events Archive to find out about the lectures and events that took place in previous years.
Use of this website is subject to, and implies acceptance of, its Terms of use (including Copyright and intellectual property, Privacy and data protection and Accessibility). The London School of Economics and Political Science is a School of the University of London. It is a charity and is incorporated in England as a company limited by guarantee under the Companies Acts (Reg no. 70527).The registered office address of the School is: The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK; Tel: +44 (0)20 7405 7686


text:
Designs by telden
A former jewelry designer, I come from a family of writers and artists. Designing fabric is turning out to be one of the most thrilling enterprises ever - a true technical and creative challenge.
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Someone painted a popular anarchy symbol on a brick walkway near the Old College building on the University of Georgia's historic North Campus, according to UGA police.
The vandal apparently took a can of spray paint from a nearby construction site to paint the symbol, which looks like an O superimposed on an A, or the "no" symbol superimposed on the letter V. Police do not suspect anything sinister such as gang activity as a motive in the vandalism, which was reported at about 2 a.m. Friday, said UGA Police Capt. Lisa Boone.
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text:
These cookies, which we usually just call "Sarahs", are a great favourite of mine, and I try to make some every year for Christmas.
I have updated the recipe. The original has one thing wrong with it, which is that the buttercream icing has a tendency to separate when made like the recipe tells you to. I found more precise instructions on how to make this kind of icing in my trusty cooking encyclopedia, and have added them into the original recipe (in closed brackets) for those interested. The downside to the new version is that it does not yield enough icing for all the macaroons (at least if you like to use as much as I do). A little extra butter (50 g or so) and syrup (maybe increase it to a cup of sugar and and a cup of water) and one more egg yolk should take care of it.
400 g blanched almonds, finely ground
2 1/5 cup icing sugar/confectioner's sugar
5 eggs, yolks and whites separated
2/3 cup sugar
2 tbs baking cocoa
2/3 cup water
300 g butter, soft
250 g chocolate for coating - use dark
2 1/2 tsp instant coffee powder (optional)
Mix together ground almonds and icing sugar. Whip the egg whites until they are stiff and form peaks and fold into the almond/sugar mixture. With a teaspoon, put small dollops of dough on a baking sheet covered with baking paper, and bake at 180°C for about 15 minutes, or until the cookies begin to take on a golden colour. Remove the cookies from the baking sheet with a spatula while still hot and allow to cool completely on a wire rack.
Buttercream icing: Put the water and sugar into a saucepan and cook until the sugar is melted and a thin syrup has formed (for an icing that does not separate, cook the sugar to the soft ball stage, that is 115°C or 239°F of you prefer to use a candy thermometer). Remove from the heat and cool. Beat the egg yolks and slowly pour the cooled syrup into them, stirring constantly. Add the softened butter and mix well. Add cocoa and instant coffee powder (if using). Put in the refrigerator to cool. Spread the cooled icing on the underside of each cookie, forming a small mound in the center. Put in the refrigerator. The icing needs to be cold and stiff before proceeding on to the next step.
Coating: Melt the chocolate in a bowl over boiling water. Cool to about 40°C (use a candy thermometer or finger test). Dip the icing-covered part of the cookies in melted chocolate to coat. Serve cool or frozen with hot cocoa or strong coffee.
-These cookies should be stored frozen if they are not meant to be eaten immediately.
-Try different flavours of buttercream fillings.


text:
The War That
Never Ended
By Megan Woolhouse
after day of stalking an enemy rarely seen but always present. Endless
hours of incredible heat, dust and humidity or sucking mud and chilling
rain. Brain-numbing monotony of endlessly putting one foot in front of
another under the weight of a pack, rifle and ammunition and four or
five canteens of precious water. Then suddenly an explosion and the shrieks
of those who are still able to scream out. A weary foot has found a hidden
land mine."
- Retired Lt. Gen. Bernard E. Trainor, USMC, '51, reviewing
the film Platoon for The
New York Times
Twenty-four years after the fall of Saigon, Vietnam is
still a raw wound on the American psyche. The mere mention of the conflict
can trigger heated arguments and painful memories. In this, Holy Cross
is a microcosm of the national sentiment. Among alumni, opinions regarding
the war are both divided and intensely emotional. In our classrooms,
students born years after the last serviceman came home struggle to understand
the war from an academic viewpoint. For the veterans profiled below,
experiences in the war were anything but academic.
Jim MacDougald '51, will never forget the day he left Vietnam
on emergency leave to visit his sick brother. Aboard a C-151 cargo plane,
he and two other
passengers sat among the bodies of war dead piled high in metal canisters.
MacDougald, now a retired Air Force colonel, says he never made a retreat as
as that 18-hour flight.
"It's a long ride from Da Nang to Dover, Delaware," MacDougald says. "I was only
going home for a week and then I was coming
MacDougald went back to Vietnam in 1969. He went back to constant nighttime rocket
and mortar attacks. He went back and watched a villager throw a grenade into
the back of a pick-up truck carrying unarmed American soldiers. He went back
to a place nicknamed "Rocket
City." Vietnam was another world. There were no front lines. The military owned
the place in the daytime and the Viet Cong owned it at night, he says. Commander
of a detachment of fighter aircraft, MacDougald says there was no time for fear.
He had a job to do.
The Vietnam War took the lives of more than 58,000 U.S. servicemen. Eighteen
of them were Holy Cross graduates and undergraduates. Almost 30 years later,
the war still raises raw emotions.
Some veterans won't talk about the experience. Others acknowledge camouflaging
their feelings with gallows humor. One veteran describes how he "compartmentalized" his
feelings about Vietnam until rage seeped through years later. Outrage
at the politics and protests of the era continues to swell, but it is often
by the memories of the war itself.
For some, Vietnam was a calling, an unspoken obligation
to follow in the footsteps of fathers and grandfathers who had served.
For others it was a rite of passage
and a test of manhood. Yet as the Vietnam War dragged on, many veterans
were left to sort out often
confusing contrasts.
"The war wasn't worth leaving my wife, and five kids without a father, but we
had a job to do and we did it," MacDougald
says. "On every mission, I prayed for those that we were about to attack."
In 1969, Ed Petrazzolo was about to graduate from Holy
Cross. He had been accepted to law school when he received
draft number 65. A basketball player who had never served
in the reserves, he had
heard horror stories about the war from men who had returned.
One of his best friends at Holy Cross protested the war in
a very public move
to Canada. Petrazzolo and two other college buddies chose
to enlist.
"I was not going to run away," he says. "I had made that decision, although I
wasn't John Wayne, either."
By May of 1971, Petrazzolo was an infantry platoon leader in Da Nang, and Vietnam
soon became "more than an article
in Time magazine," he says. On his first mission, he set out to prove to his
men that he was neither a reckless leader who would endanger them, nor a wimp.
Petrazzolo summoned helicopters and got onboard the first one in a gesture to
the men in his platoon. Choppers routinely landed 15 minutes after artillery
from Cobra gunships had cleared landing zones for them in the jungle. Often the
noise caused by the clear-cutting alerted the enemy and drew fire. Men jumping
out of the chopper would hope they weren't landing in the middle of gunfire,
or what was called a "hot LZ."
"You pray," Petrazzolo says. "Then you find
a place to hide and get on your belly."
Petrazzolo ran out of the chopper into a conflict with
a small band of Viet Cong soldiers armed with grenade launchers. The fight
was over in 20 minutes, he says,
just long enough to give him an acute awareness of the life and death stakes
he faced. It was only the
first of many 30-day missions in the jungle.
"I really took it personally to take care
of people in the platoon and myself," he says. "Some men were angry and
there were idiot officers. I had a reputation for being good
in the field. I also never asked them to do anything I wouldn't do."
The average life expectancy of a Marine Corps lieutenant in Vietnam was two months.
In this lethal environment, soldiers died in predictable and unpredictable ways.
Officers were "fragged" by their own. Standing on a cliff one day overlooking
a picture-postcard beach,
Petrazzolo recalls seeing a soldier's leg severed instantly when an aluminum-racing
raft cut across his path accidentally.
"It's all horror," says Petrazzolo, now 52, and president of a technology company
in Phoenix. "Everything is new. Nothing
is the same."
Dave Judd '59 thought it was a practice drill when the
B40 rockets started landing in Da Nang in January of 1968. As a
Marine captain in and around Da Nang during the Tet Offensive,
Judd quickly learned the fight was for real.
One month later, 2,000 American and 4,000 South Vietnamese
soldiers had died, and an estimated 50,000 in enemy troops had been killed. One
of the most somber
moments of the war for Judd was the memorial service for a lieutenant and four
enlisted men in his unit
who were killed.
"To this day, anytime there's a loud bang, a car backfiring or they start firing
dynamite at a construction site,
I jump and cringe," Judd says. "(Seeing friends die) kind of made me impersonal
to relationships with people."
Vietnam was all about surprises, Judd says. Men watched their brothers fall onto
pungee sticks and step on mines. One of his most terrifying experiences was trying
to disarm a soldier who snapped and began firing his rifle wildly inside the
compound. The soldier was
eventually straightjacketed, but tranquilizers couldn't knock him out.
Now 61 and retired from the military and the restaurant business, Judd says he
has no regrets. As a Marine, he was taught
to be "a fighting man" sent to Vietnam to do a job. As the sense of futility
and confusion about what America was fighting for grew, however, he says he learned
an important lesson: "If you're going to fight a war, you had
better win."
Charles Buchta '63, a former co-captain of the Holy Cross
track team, served as a Marine in Da Nang from 1965 to 1966 as the head
of a motor transport unit. Bored with the monotony of the job, one day
he grabbed "the biggest, ugliest Marine" he could find and handed the
man an automatic weapon. They left the base to go exploring.
"I was looking for some action," says Buchta. "I felt like I'm going to be
in a war and never be in a war. It was really a dumb thing, but a bug got
in me one day."
Buchta, a co-founder of the alpha gamma chapter of the
Semper Fidelis Society at Holy Cross, says he was angry with U.S. politicians
who did not seem to be
fighting the war to win.
"I think we went in with the right intent and right concerns and somewhere it
got off track," he says. "When you
live through it, you don't see the point it changes. It didn't change overnight.
It evolves and that's the complexity of it."
Boredom wasn't an issue for Jim McManus '70. "All I could
think about was I'd like to get some rest," McManus says. "And I don't
ever want to do this again. This is the worst, the absolute worst experience
of my life, and I wasn 't even in the infantry."
He recalls a stint aboard the Newport News as the ship cruised into the Bay of
Vinh. Navigators went to great lengths to maneuver around the Vietnamese fishermen
in the harbor, he says. Then the enemy fired shells at the Newport News from
the shore. In return,
the ship, with its massive gun power, "laid waste to Vinh," he says.
McManus writes about the experience of watching the fishermen see their homes
destroyed in a poem, "The Raid Upon Vinh."
...With age you should fail
to remember what it was that was long in the past: the men in their
boats, the shock and despair in their eyes as they watched us and
the smoldering City of Vinh, their smoldering City of Vinh.
McManus says he's proud to have served. Communism has failed
to thrive, he says, and America has learned that it should
only go to war if it has the support of citizens.
"The protests didn't mean as much to me as Mike Quinn '68
getting killed," he
says. "He's somebody I played hockey with (at Holy Cross) ... a big, quiet,
happy guy. The next thing you know, his mother is in some cemetery getting
a flag instead
of her son. It's easy to talk grandly about saving Vietnam. When people start
dying, it's not so great."
In 1969, David Barth lived in upstate New York and watched
anti-war protests unfold on television. He had graduated
from Holy Cross in 1962, finished basic training in 1963 and served as
a Marine at Red
Beach and later at the Quang Tri combat base until 1969.
Student protesters didn't want to sacrifice
themselves for a cause that didn't seem to threaten anyone's immediate future,
Barth says. He still remembers the anger he felt after receiving a copy of a
Holy Cross literary magazine that included photos of longhaired
students in "Ho Chi Minh sandals." He demanded to be removed from the mailing
"I just thought they were jerks, pot heads,
and people afraid to serve," he says. "Later on ... I thought some are
truly against the war and think it's morally wrong. And they're entitled to their
opinion, but I didn't agree with them."
After the war, he spent 24 years in the FBI
and didn't look back at Vietnam. "My time overseas ... has taught me that this
country is head-and-shoulders above anyplace there is. It's worth fighting for.
I think it would do people a lot of good to go to Korea, Vietnam, or Mexico and
see the freedom we have that other people don't."
Yet public support for the war had dropped
by the late '60s and anti-war sentiment devastated reserve officer programs on
college campuses. Enrollment fell from more than 200,000 in 1968 to some 75,000
by 1973, according to Stanley Karnow's book Vietnam: A History.
John Drislan '55 went to Vietnam in 1971. He flew gunships on 112 combat missions
out of Da Nang and Bien Hoa. Overall the experience taught him he could be
scared, he says.
"Nobody wants to go to war," says Drislan. "It was just something that you had
to do and you did it and you're glad
you came home. I think your POWs - every one of them - is a hero. These protesters,
I'd like to see them spend one day as a POW."
Steve Bowen '65, says he has worked hard to bury many Vietnam
memories. He joined the Marines shortly after graduation, he says, because
he was 22 and didn't know what else to do. "I wasn't ready to see
the rest of my life measured out in station wagons," he says. "I was
affected by the legacy of Kennedy ... and there was (also) this feeling
of 'I'm the toughest guy on the block' and what better way to prove
it. "
Stationed just south of Da Nang, he became a forward observer in a small unit
that baited larger enemy battalions. "My dominant memory is the contrast of it
all," Bowen says. "It was unbelievably boring and mundane and tedious interrupted
by these staccato moments of blind terror. That pattern would just keep repeating
He remembers walking into an ambush. Everything got
quiet, he says, and suddenly the North Vietnamese Army, armed with two 50-caliber
machine guns, had him and
his men pinned down. Lying in the mud, screaming, shooting and trying not to
get shot, Bowen scrambled to convince headquarters that they needed support.
Such situations were
not uncommon.
"To ask people to get up and go forward when
they're being shot at is not an easy thing," he says. "The human will is
a phenomenal thing to see."
Bowen says the protesters seemed shallow to him, after
a year of dealing with clear-cut life and death situations. He remembers arriving
back in Los Angeles
and seeing a woman in a miniskirt. He says he was feeling tan, fit and tough
in his uniform with his shooting badges and medals. She gave him a smile and
he approached her. When he got close, she spit on the front of his shirt, he
"She was so good looking, I just laughed," he says.
Bowen went on to become president of the New York ad agency that held the Marine
Corps account. He also met the man
who created the "We're looking for a few good men" slogan. Bowen says he told
the ad-man it was effective advertising.
"I told him, 'You almost got me killed.'"
Robert K. Wright Jr. '68 was assigned to a history unit
located between Saigon and the Cambodian border. From 1970 to 1971, he
interviewed soldiers and wrote official military accounts of the war
for the National Archives. Wright's mission in Vietnam, which later became
his life's work, was to learn more about soldiering. The purpose of history,
he says, is to learn from it "so fewer kids die."
Some days, Wright would interview as many as 150 men. In one report, he chronicled
a platoon of men that had been pushed into a bomb crater in an attack. Out of
ammunition, they threw rocks at the enemy pretending they were grenades. A helicopter
finally came and pulled the survivors out. Then the helicopter, weighed down
with 17 men,
crashed. It's one of countless stories.
"I was usually the first person to talk with them, which makes you a lightning
rod," Wright says. "I've had guys break
down sobbing as they give you their stories."
After Vietnam, Wright earned his Ph.D. in history from William and Mary College.
A combat historian for the Army, he has written five books and followed soldiers
to wars in Panama, Somalia
and the Persian Gulf. Last year he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress
disorder. He says he compartmentalized some of his more intense feelings about
war. Some feelings now erupt in rage, he says. Wright says
he's done travelling to wars. He's ready to retire and receive treatment for
One important lesson from Vietnam came after a study
of how soldiers coped after the war, Wright says. Vietnam veterans who sat down
with a chaplain or participated
in a transition group before returning to civilian life fared better emotionally
after the war, he says. Today, because of Vietnam, transition meetings are a
requirement for soldiers
returning from the Persian Gulf.
"We tended to try not to talk about it," says
Wright. "You didn't want to open the box because you didn't want it to
come out."
For Jim MacDougald, who traveled not once but twice from
Delaware to Da Nang, who served in Korea and then Vietnam,
and who was spit on when he returned from the war, every
veteran must find his own
way. Surviving the war is not the final chapter.
Today World War II veterans are finally beginning to
come forward and share their stories, he says. Movies, books and documentaries
try to untangle the war. The
Vietnam Memorial in Washington D.C., draws more visitors each year than any other
national monument.
For everyone who served, MacDougald says, coming to
terms with the chaos and
violence of Vietnam is a very personal
"Talking about it and arguing about it are
things that really rile your emotions," he says. "In the long run, anger only
hurts the person who is angry. So you have to let go."
John Donovan '65 Sidebar >
John "Jack" Farley '64 Sidebar >
Robert Maslowski '68 Sidebar >
Frank Scarpa, M.D., '63 Sidebar >
Tim Sullivan '65 Sidebar >
Bernard Trainor '51 Sidebar >
Megan Woolhouse is a journalist living in