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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Very friendly and helpfull staff. It is an excentric hotel with a lot of stairs, a special and nice room decoration, very clean as well. It is situated in the middle of beautiful Laguardia.
The building was very interesting and the staff were most pleasant and helpful.The location was beautiful and we much enjoyed our stay.
Lovely setting, quiet, relaxing. Would certainly stay here again. Restaurant was a major disappointment - considering the wealth of farm lands in the area, we were perplexed by the lack of fresh foods on the menu. Everything seemed to be canned or pre-prepared.
The surroundings were beautiful and offered lots of possibilities for hiking. The personnel was very friendly and did their best to make the visitors content. The service was very good. We stayed for five nights and it would have been nice to have some variety on the breakfast. For those who do not speak Spanish an English menu would be nice.
The staff were extremely helpful and friendly
Enjoyable stay in this comfortable, clean, charming hotel. Staff friendly and breakfast had quite a bit of choice. Rather expensive and extras such as spa and breakfast also expensive.
the country side it was hard to check out of the hotel early, no one was available
Location The cold atmosphere , the smell inside and the food was horrible
Nice location with lovely views from our balcony. Receptionst very friendly and spoke good english. No menu in english.
It was in a convenient location for the mountains. Breakfast was good. There was no information in the rooms about what services were available. We arrived at 2.30pm and the restaurant didn't open until 9.00pm.
Excellent breakfasts, well presented.
The staff were excellent. The size of the room and that it had a balcony The pool not in use, Substandard breakfast. Had to ask for items. Room Decoration tired.
location. quite close to French border Over priced at €112 for the room
Staff friendly and helpful, able to communicate in English, much better than we could in Spanish. Restaurant staff very friendly and helpful. Rooms clean and adequate. Liked having a balcony to sit on. Great views. Elevator up 2 sets of stairs and did not work the day we left.
Staff were responsive to requests. Good simple meal for overnite stay. Room had to be changed but was done without any fuss.
How lucky we were to find this little gem. It is a converted historic manor house with defensive tower typical of the region. At the time of our visit it had only been open a couple of months so everything was beautifully pristine and the decor is superbly designed in a modern style that uses natural oak to harmonise beautifully with the natural stone of the building. The village is tiny and quite remote, so it is for those who seek peace in a rural setting. Don't expect night life, but there is a lovely lounge with an honesty bar. Perfectly located for walking, cycling, bird-watching and as a base for touring Navarre. Good food, great value. Our hosts were attentive, friendly and eager to make our stay a success. They succeeded.


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Raiders declared TE David Ausberry, QB Matt McGloin, CB Chimdi Chekwa, OT Menelik Watson, OG Antoine McClain, WR Juron Criner and DE Jack Crawford inactive for Week 2 against the Jaguars.
According to Les Bowen of the Philadelphia Inquirer, "there is talk around the locker room" that Jordan Matthews' (knee) issue is more serious than tendinitis.
940 Miami's Andy Slater reports Dolphins LB Koa Misi (neck, I.R.) is retiring from the NFL after seven seasons.
Sammie Coates underwent a knee scope last week and will open training camp on the active/PUP list.
NFL.com's Ian Rapoport reports Ravens RB Kenneth Dixon's meniscus injury required a full repair, and he will be out for the season.
Contract-year WR Allen Robinson says he's had extension talks with the Jaguars.
Jaguars signed G/C Brandon Linder to a five-year, $51.7 million extension through 2022.
Dolphins placed LB Koa Misi on injured reserve with a neck injury, ending his season.
Saints placed WLB Dannell Ellerbe on injured reserve with a foot injury, ending his season.
Cowboys signed RT La'El Collins to a two-year, $15.4 million extension through 2019.
Speaking Tuesday, Panthers coach Ron Rivera said Kelvin Benjamin is "where he needs to be" weight-wise.
Michael Vick is working as a coaching intern for the Chiefs this summer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Figures the Family Research Council, which recently became an officially designated "hate group," would team up with the men at the Concerned Women for America. May their influence continue to wain. If CPAC is now showing tolerance towards the gays, it really is over for the religious right hate groups.
Designated 'hate group' refuses to attend CPAC because the gays are coming
Irish president won't attend homophobic NYC St. Patrick's Day parade
Irish-American commentator Niall O'Dowd insisted yesterday that Mrs McAleese's decision was connected to the issue of gays being refused the right to march in the parade under their own banners.
"I think she made her decision based on the fact that she has a great relationship with gay groups in Ireland and this would be a hugely controversial move for her because of the ban on gays in the parade," he said.
She had made her decision and many gay groups in Ireland would probably agree with her, Mr O'Dowd said.
Stars Attend Howl Premiere
Howl had its New York premiere last night at the IFC Center. The flm's stars James Franco, Aaron Tveit, and Jon Prescott joined directors Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman for the event.
Advocate.com: Daily News
Thousands Attend Manchester HIV Vigil
The 20th annual Manchester Pride weekend ended with a bang — literally — as
an estimated 2,000 people filed into the city's Sackville Gardens to
hold an HIV candlelight vigil and witness a spectacular fireworks
Advocate.com: Daily News
Soldiers Punished After Refusing To Attend Army-Sponsored Christian Rock Concert
About 80 U.S. soldiers have been disciplined at Fort Eustis, Virginia after refusing to attend a "spiritual fitness" Christian-rock concert put on by the Army. The unit was first marched in formation to the concert, only after which were the soldiers given to option of attending or not. Those who chose to leave were punished.
The Commanding General's Spiritual Fitness Concert that Smith and others were told to attend was headlined by BarlowGirl, a "band of tender-hearted, beautiful young women who aren't afraid to take an aggressive, almost warrior-like stance when it comes to spreading the gospel and serving God," according to the group's web site. The group Smith marched with included at least two Muslim soldiers who fell out of rank and stopped marching on their own, according to a first-hand account published by the Military Religious Freedom Foundation (MRFF). Once outside the concert, Smith and the other trainees were finally given an option and told to split into two groups: those who wanted to attend, and those who did not. Smith and about 80 others decided not to attend, even though they were obviously being "pressured" to do so. Smith and the others were sent back to their barracks on "lockdown," a punishment that Smith said withholds even basic freedoms like using their own electronics. Barlow Girl band member Lauren Barlow said if she and the other members of the group knew soldiers were being forced to attend the concert and were then punished for refusing to attend "we would have said something." "That's horrible," Barlow tweeted in response to the revelations first published Thursday by MRFF's head researcher, Chris Rodda. "We never knew that. We thought they had a choice. If we would have known we would have said something."
Two of the soldiers have filed a formal complaint against their superior officers. The Army claims to be investigating.
(Tipped by JMG reader Kevin)


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PRAHA (Sep. 9)
Firemen in the village of Lauterbach, at the behest of Sudeten Germans, declined to proceed to a Jewish-owned building which was on fire, the newspaper Sozialdemokrat reports. The house burned down, the paper said, and police arrested ten men, including several prominent Sudeten Germans.
During disorders yesterday at Cesky Krumlov, part of a crowd of Sudeten Germans started a search for Jews after police had prevented them from entering a street where a group of opponents had formed.


text: I observed this moss at approximately 17:00 in the woods behind where I live. The temperature was about 55 degrees Fahrenheit and sunny. This moss lives alongside the trail through the woods on a rotting log. Plant olive green, leaves unicostate. Appears to be new growth- some plants smaller and lighter green.


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NORWALK - Two men got away with about $1,000 after an armed robbery of a cell phone store Tuesday night.
The suspects entered the MetroPCS store at 11766 Firestone Blvd around 3 p.m. and demanded money, according to Sgt. James Franck of the sheriff's Norwalk Station.
He said one of the men brandished a black handgun.
"The store clerk complied out of fear," he said.
The robbers ran out with the cash. They were described as two black men, 20 to 25, about 5 feet 4 inches tall and 140 pounds.
- Ruby Gonzales


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Starting a Business - Choosing the Right Form of Business Entity
So, you have come up with the next great idea and you are ready to begin building your fortunes. One of the first questions you should ask is "what type of business should I be," or as we lawyer-types put it, "what choice of business entity should you make"? Choosing the proper legal entity with which to conduct business is one of the most important decisions a business owner faces. This early decision will determine myriad other issues including responsibility for tortious acts, complexity of the entity, ability to transfer interests in the entity, ease of additional capital infusions, protection of intellectual property, and, of course, liability for the payment of taxes, to name just a few.
The list of available entity forms is fairly extensive. From the more traditional corporations and partnerships to the more exotic state business trusts and conduits, it seems there is a form for everyone, and in most cases, multiple forms. In some instances, it may be appropriate to forego a separate entity and conduct your business as a sole proprietorship. In a sole proprietorship, the business is conducted in the owner's individual capacity. Perhaps intuitively, a sole proprietorship offers no protection from liability, but it is the simplest way to conduct business. Generally, no separate documents or records need to be filed with any governmental authority, including the Internal Revenue Service.When a business owner wants to sell his or her sole proprietorship, it will always be a sale of the underlying business assets.
Future blog entries in this series will focusing on the three most common types of entities — partnerships,limited liability companies, and corporations. Each of these has important characteristics that distinguish one from the others. By recognizing these differences, you can begin to highlight the factors that will influence your decision on which form of entity to select.
The Law Office of Brian V Powers works with new and prospective business owners to aid in the purchase, structuring and formation of a new business. We also provide convenient, fixed pricing for certain business formation legal services. Contact us today at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Redlands City Council members will continue their Coffee with the Council community meetings this Saturday from 9 to 10:30 a.m. at the Olive Avenue Market, 530 W. Olive Ave., Redlands.
Council Members Jon Harrison and Bob Gardner will attend.
As part of the city's efforts to increase interaction with residents and promote transparency in city affairs, the City Council began a monthly Coffee With the Council in February 2011.
The informal meetings are held from 9 to 10:30 a.m. on the third Saturday of each month, rotating among three local restaurants — Olive Avenue Market, 530 W. Olive Ave; Cuca's Mexican Food, 1752 E. Lugonia Ave.; and Augie's Coffee House, 113 N. Fifth St.
Council members rotate attendance, with no more than two members at each meeting.
Mayor Pete Aguilar suggested the meetings as a way for residents to ask questions or share concerns with council members outside the formal setting of a City Council meeting.
Following is the Coffee With the Council schedule for the rest of the year.
• May 17, Cuca's Mexican Food
• June 14, Augie's Coffee House
• July 19, Olive Avenue Market
• Sept. 20, Cuca's Mexican Food
• Oct. 18, Augie's Coffee House
• Nov. 15, Olive Avenue Market
Source: City of Redlands


text:
United States National Science Foundation (NSF)
Drexel University (DU)
What does this program measure?
Aerosol, Water Vapor, UV-A (Ultra-Violet-A)
How does this program work?
Sunphotometers and UV data loggers are brought and operated by Forrest Mims. Forrest will do all observations which consist of: 1) morning Langley calibrations of GLOBE sun photometers and infrared hygrometers; 2) UV-A (376 nm) data logged observations; 3) miscellaneous solar observations.
Why is this research important?
In order to perform calibrations of GLOBE's handheld sunphotometers.
Are there any trends in the data?
How does this program fit into the big picture?
What is it's role in global climate change?
Comments and References
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Lead Investigator(s):
Dr. David Brooks (DU) ,
Forrest Mims
MLO Contact(s):
Dr. John E. Barnes
808-933-6965 (x222)
Darryl Kuniyuki
808-933-6965 (x236)
Web Site(s)
http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~brooksdr/DRB_ web_page/index.htm


text:
It's low tide at Kachemak Bay, walkin' in the sand. With a summer storm stalled over Seldovia, the Bay is cool and overcast. Still, it's summer in Alaska and we'll take outside weather – even if it is only 60 degrees.
Welcome to our little home on the web. We homeschool and brick and mortar school, we have a Special Needs son, oh – and we live in Alaska! We've been homeschooling since 2002 and Ian's been Special Needs his whole life (20 years) but we've only lived in Alaska since 2008. At times we love it, at times we hate it! I don't mind the cold – it's the dark in the winter that really gets to us.


text: Search for a course Search to find the perfect course for you. Don't forget to favourite it and create your personal page to see if you're likely to receive an offer. Search for:Search Apply to study here Our five Colleges Meet our students Virtual Tour Admissions Postgraduate study Information for applicants The 2017 undergraduate prospectus Our prospectus is available both online and in print. The online version contains all of the information from our printed prospectus. Download a copy (PDF - 5Mb) or order a printed copy.


text:
When I was a young girl, I dreamed of being a writer. More specifically, I wanted to be a poet. As evidence of this desire, my mother still has a treasure trove of cards with endearingly unpolished poems written in them by an aspiring writer. I entered a Young Author's Contest in elementary school with [Read More…]
Archives for May 28, 2014 @ 12:23
Maya Angelou: A Tribute from Lauren Visser
Winter Olympics, 2022: A Problem
Source: The next Olympics to be awarded, a little more than a year from now, will be the 2022 Winter Games. Rather than going to the strongest bid, the games may end up going to the last city standing—a long list of potential hosts have given up on their Olympic dreams because the whole thing [Read More…]
A Young Pastor Ponders the Parachurch (Jonathan Storment)
A few weeks ago, I spoke at an interdenominational event called the Festival of Young Preachers. It was an event for young adults across the region interested in preaching. It was fascinating to see so many different people from different traditions trying to help younger people catch a vision for what this calling is, and [Read More…]
What to Call the So-Called New Calvinists?
My friend, Bob Robinson, has made a good case for seeing the New Calvinists as Neo-Puritans. I don't think we can know this for sure, but it is indeed possible that on this blog that group was first called the Neo-Reformed, but a commenter said they are not really Reformed since they are mostly Baptists and [Read More…]


text:
Vinoy, KJ and Jha, RM (1994) Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) - A Review. Project Report. CSIR-NAL, Bangalore, National Aerospace Laboratories.Full text available as:
|PDF (Doc Sheet) - Published Version
Download (513Kb)
Abstract attached as PDF
|Item Type:
|Proj.Doc/Technical Report (Project Report)
|AERONAUTICS > Aeronautics (General)
AERONAUTICS > Aircraft Communication & Navigation
CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS > Chemistry and Materials (General)
CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS > Composite Materials
ENGINEERING > Communications and Radar
ENGINEERING > Electronics and Electrical Engineering
|CEM Lab, CEM Lab
|Depositing User:
|Dr Hema Singh
|Date Deposited:
|19 Oct 2012 16:44
|Last Modified:
|22 Oct 2012 11:21
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text: Hi, I am using TORQUE 3.0.0 and Maui 3.3. When the compute node (on which the job is running) fails due to crash, power failure or any other reason, how the job which was running on that compute node should get *automatically * requeued? (I am aware that with *qrerun* we can manually rerun the job but I don't want this) Thanks in advance. -- Thanks & Regards, Jayavant N. Patil -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.supercluster.org/pipermail/mauiusers/attachments/20110919/839bfc56/attachment.html


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By Dave Goldberg, AP Football Writer
NEW YORK NFL commissioner Roger Goodell has followed up his suspension of a Tampa Bay cornerback by re-emphasizing safety issues and warning that even first-time offenders will be subject to discipline.
He sent a memo Wednesday night, a day after the league announced the one-game suspension of Tampa Bay cornerback Elbert Mack for a helmet-to-helmet hit on Atlanta quarterback Matt Ryan last week. Mack, an undrafted rookie from Troy, had been fined $5,000 for unnecessary roughness against Houston quarterback Alex Brink during the Bucs' exhibition finale Aug. 28.
"From this point forward, you should be clear on the following point: Any conduct that unnecessarily risks the safety of other players has no role in the game of football and will be disciplined at increased levels, including on a first offense," Goodell wrote in a memo obtained Thursday by The Associated Press. ... "Playing by the rules shows respect for your fellow players. No one wants to see unnecessary injuries."
Goodell ordered that the memo be read and distributed to all players on all 32 teams.
Mack, who plays in nickel and dime defenses and on special teams, will miss Sunday's game with Chicago.
Goodell's letter was a follow-up to the one sent to Mack by Ray Anderson, the league's executive vice president for football operations.
"Your actions are of particular concern in light of the emphasis that our office has placed on developing and enforcing rules designed to protect players from injury, including concussions," Anderson wrote. "The safety of our players is paramount to all of us in the NFL."
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


text:
New Citi report out from analyst Mark Mahaney explaining why mobile matters to Google (NASDAQ:GOOG). Pace some points I made on CNBC this morning, Mark argues alongside me that Google's spectrum bid makes sense, even if it doesn't really want the spectrum itself. It is a useful club to drive some wireless company behaviors, like Verizon's (NYSE:VZ) recent (maybe) opening up.
At the same time, Mark does a nice job of diving under the rhetoric and coming up with some useful models (with explicit assumptions) about what the impact will be on Google's P&L over the next few years.
For what it's worth, I think the mobile ad market revenues will be larger than Mark thinks by 2010, but that is more of a quibble. Directionally, he gets to some interesting places and puts that wireless spectrum auction in proper context -- far from a wild duck foray, it's exactly what Google should be doing right now.


text:
Door lock actuator issues
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Even my indy had it wrong the first try. And he does this repair very frequent. Everything worked, except the outside handle. Had to bring the car back, and he fixed it then.
the issue I could see, is the fact that one cannot see a darn thing inside the door, where you have to release the cables and re-install after the repair. And this has to be done with the door locking mechanism almost in place. You have very little wiggle room (assuming you placed it correctly). Then, once in place, you have to make sure that none of the cables did let go. There are 3 things that have to sit correctly: cable that goes to the inside pull lever. Cable that goes to the outside door handle. Rod that has the lock/unlock button on top - inside of the car.
Whole assembly has to be installed in the correct position for the lock to latch properly, otherwise some minor adjustments are needed.
Ideally you want to check this out with the panel off, the problem is you have the airbag in the door. If you have a scanner that can reset airbag codes, it's no problem, you can do it. If not, you have to install the airbag and replace the battery and start trial & error until the door latches properly (taking off & on the airbag as required).
You could get lucky from the 1st try - the outside screws leave marks. Not sure how big the wiggle room is in the holes of the door lock itself that's behind the screws? That one holds the locking mechanism to the door striker. And that one has to be centred.
Looking for a DIY? Parts? Check this out, it might be your ticket
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text:
IN THE RING: T.I. VS Mayweather? Wow
T.I. -- I Can Take On Mayweather Just Fine - Watch More Celebrity Videos or Subscribe
So rapper T.I. and Money Mayweather in a fight? I love T.I. but my money would be with the money team on that one! If you haven't heard, TIP and MM got in an altercation after T.I. accused Mayweather of getting a little too close to his wifey Tiny. Floyd denied, and in heated argument even yelled "Control your bi*ch!" at one point. All bad. Punches were thrown, and here (above) is what T.I. had to say about it via Instagram.
Can't we all just get along!
For more info, click HERE


text:
Wes Craven, Horror Maestro, Dies at 76
Well that's it for the Nominee round up! Was your favorite in this bunch? Who are you rooting for to win on Sunday? Leave us a comment below and let us know! Also, be sure to join us in the FORUM to play our Oscar games, vote in polls, and have a chance to win a prize! We will be discussing the show while it's on too, so stop by! We look forward to chatting with you.


text:
After their ceremony at Lothian Chambers in Edinburgh, Will and Rowan hosted a low key reception at St Columba's by the Castle, which was walking distance for all their guests. In the evening everybody moved on again, this time to The Caves. They chose this for their evening party because it is one one Will's favourite venues for gigs.
"Right from the beginning we were trying not to make too much of a big deal, which sounds odd but our daughter's births were pretty much 'the happiest days of our lives'", explained Rowan. "Having said that though, it actually was up there as one of the very best. We just wanted a day that would be fun and relaxed so everyone could just have a chat and a catch-up and some nice food and a bit of a dance. Making it a good day for the kids was really important to us too. Part of the reason we chose that church hall was because it had a garden so they had some space to run around."


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TomTom ONE
The super-portable TomTom One gives the Garmin nüvi a run for its money.
TomTom is the latest manufacturer to jump into the growing "shirt-pocket" GPS market with its new TomTom ONE. With an estimated retail price of $499, the TomTom ONE is sure to give the competition a wake-up call.
Read the full review: TomTom ONE


text:
Today, the USS Minnesota (SSN 783) is being commissioned. This will be the tenth Virginia-class submarine to be commissioned by the Navy.
The team that built the boat was able to get it completed well ahead of schedule. Eleven months before its delivery deadline date the boat hit every mark on its readiness test and achieved the highest readiness score of any Virginia-class submarine thus far (Navy.mil).
No doubt, this ship has a lot of potential. Particularly because its nuclear reactor produces 40,000 horsepower.
There will be a commissioning ceremony today at Naval Station Norfolk at 10:00 a.m.EST. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus and Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Jonathan Greenert will deliver remarks. You can watch the ceremony live on the Pentagon Channel.
Disclaimer: The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Defense of this website or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation sites, the Department of Defense does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD website.


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And their appetite for patents doesn't appear to be on the wane, either:
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LG Electronics and Sony said on Thursday that they have resolved patent disputes between the two firms spanning smartphones, TVs and Blu-ray technology, with LG adding that they have signed a cross-licensing deal.
"LG and Sony recently agreed to drop patent infringement lawsuits against each other," a spokeswoman at South Korea's LG Electronics said. Sony confirmed this, but declined to comment further.
LG shares were up 1.3 percent, outperforming the Korea Composite Stock Price Index's (KOSPI) 1.7 percent fall, while Sony shares were down 2.7 percent, hitting a 2-1/2 year low, against a 1.5 percent drop in the benchmark Nikkei average.
Sony and LG have been embroiled in a string of bitter lawsuits on a wide range of products in Europe and the United States since the two technology giants failed to renew a technology sharing agreement that expired three years ago, a person familiar with the matter said.
Sony had filed a complaint against LG with the U.S. International Trade Commission, seeking to block LG from shipping its Rumor Touch and several other smartphones to the United States.
LG also told the commission that Sony's PlayStation 3 infringed its Blu-ray video technology.
The patent spat culminated in the seizure of PlayStation 3 game consoles by customs officers in the Netherlands following a court injunction by LG in March.
Ronald McDonald never sells to children. He informs and inspires through magic and fun.
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Google Acquires 1,023 IBM Patents to Shore Up Android Defense
By Jason Ankeny, FierceMobileContent | More Articles
September 16, 2011 | Comments (1)
Google (Nasdaq: GOOG ) has acquired 1,023 patents from IBM as it continues its battle to defend its Android mobile operating system from legal threats mounted by the likes of Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL ) , Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT ) and Oracle (Nasdaq: ORCL ) .
Patent assignments recorded earlier this week on the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office website indicate that Google acquired the IBM patents on Aug. 17. Bloomberg reports that Google had already purchased 1,030 IBM patents in a separate agreement finalized in July. Google confirmed the latest transaction without divulging details or additional terms. IBM declined to comment.
Google finalized the second IBM patents deal just days after revealing an agreement to acquire Motorola Mobility (NYSE: MMI ) for roughly $12.5 billion. In a blog entry announcing the Motorola purchase, Google CEO Larry Page stated the company made the deal in large part to enhance its product portfolio in an effort to "protect Android from anti-competitive threats."
An Oracle suit filed last year seeks billions in damages against Google, alleging "approximately one-third of Android's Application Programmer Interface (API) packages" are "derivative of Oracle's copyrighted Java API packages" and related documents. (Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems and its Java programming language in April 2009.) According to court filings submitted in late June, Oracle wants Google to pay $0.9 billion to $1.4 billion upfront for infringing on its patents. Oracle also wants 15 percent of mobile advertising revenues generated across the Android platform. Late last year, Google said its mobile ad business operates at a run rate of $1 billion annually.
Earlier this year, Google also lost out in a patent auction to a coalition of six companies including Apple, EMC, Ericsson (Nasdaq: ERIC ) , Microsoft, Research In Motion (Nasdaq: RIMM ) and Sony for Nortel's patent portfolio. The consortium paid $4.5 billion, and Apple contributed $2.6 billion, though antitrust officials at the Justice Department are reportedly investigating the sale. Google has subsequently been rumored to be interested in purchasing InterDigital for that company's patent position.
A scathing blog post published last month by Google senior vice president and chief legal officer David Drummond alleges Apple, Microsoft and Oracle are attempting to "strangle" Android by leveraging "bogus patents" that could drive up costs for devices running the mobile operating system. Drummond contends that Google's opponents have banded together to acquire patents held by firms like Nortel and Novell "to make sure Google didn't get them ... Our competitors want to impose a 'tax' for these dubious patents that makes Android devices more expensive for consumers. They want to make it harder for manufacturers to sell Android devices. Instead of competing by building new features or devices, they are fighting through litigation."
Last week, Apple upped the stakes again, alleging Android began taking shape almost two decades ago while Google senior vice president and Android chief Andy Rubin was employed within the Apple ranks. In a reply to the International Trade Commission's ongoing investigation into Apple's complaint against Android device manufacturer HTC, Apple states "Mr. Rubin began his career at Apple in the early 1990s and worked as a low-level engineer specifically reporting to the inventors of the '263 [realtime API] patent at the exact time their invention was being conceived and developed ... It is thus no wonder that the infringing Android platform used the claimed subsystem approach of the '263 patent that allows for flexibility of design and enables the platform to be 'highly customizable and expandable' as HTC touts."
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REUTERS - Oracle Corp on Thursday estimated it suffered roughly $1.16 billion of damages from Google Inc's alleged copyright and patent infringement of Java technology used in the Android operating system.
In a court filing, Oracle said Google's claim that the damages sought exceeded $2.2 billion "mischaracterizes" a report by Oracle damages expert Iain Cockburn, a Boston University business professor.
The lowered damages estimate is one-fifth the maximum $6.1 billion that Oracle had earlier sought in the case.
Oracle had sued Google in August 2010, claiming that the Internet search company's Android system infringed Java patents that Oracle had acquired when it bought Sun Microsystems Inc seven months earlier. It also alleged copyright infringement.
The lawsuit is one of several among phone and software companies seeking a greater share of profits in the growing market for smartphones and tablets.
A trial is set to begin on Oct. 31 before U.S. District Judge William Alsup in San Francisco. The judge had on July 22 rejected Oracle's request for up to $6.1 billion, but gave the company a chance to revise its claim.
In a letter to Alsup, Oracle lawyer Steven Holtzman said the revised damages estimate includes as much as $202 million for patent infringement, and as much as $960 million for copyright infringement.
He urged the judge to deny Google's request to exclude parts of Cockburn's report from the case.
Google did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Google is based in Mountain View, California, and Oracle in nearby Redwood City.
The case in Oracle America Inc v. Google Inc, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, No. 10-03561.
(Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; editing by Carol Bishopric)
|#15 (permalink)
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It just gets more and more ridiculous....
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Samsung and Apple warring over patents again
Apple and Samsung are suing each other around the world, based on a number of technology patents.
Samsung and Apple have gone to court once again in their ongoing, tit-for-tat patent war.
The companies went before judges in Australia and the Netherlands on Monday, each asking for the other's products to be banned from sale.
Apple's lawyers in Sydney claimed that Samsung's Galaxy Tab infringed patents relating to its touchscreen interface.
In the Hague, Samsung launched a counter attack, seeking an embargo on iPads and iPhones over 3G patents.
To date, Apple has been more successful in using the courts to hamper its rival's commercial ambitions.
Both companies also have actions pending in the United States.
Look and feel In Monday's Australian hearing, Apple attorney Steven Burley told the court that the rival tablet resembled the iPad 2 in "form, factor and shape" according to the AFP news agency.
"It must have been as plain as the (Sydney) Opera House to Samsung that the Apple patents were right in front of its eyes, and they were wide open," he added.
The discussion of both products' look and feel was similar to arguments laid out in earlier European cases, although Apple is also claiming that specific patents have been infringed. These relate to the Galaxy Tab's unlocking, scrolling and zooming features, said the Sydney Morning Herald.
Samsung has reportedly filed a counter-claim in Australia, based on 3G mobile telecoms patents it holds.
Those pieces of technology also formed the basis of Samsung's claim in the Netherlands.
The Korean manufacturer claimed that Apple failed to license patented designs used inside the iPhone and iPad.
Apple argued that it should not have to, because it is already making payment to Intel and Infineon which, in turn, license those Samsung patents.
A Dutch reporter for Webwereld, Andreas Udo de Haes, tweeted from the court that Samsung said it had offered licensing terms that were rejected by its US rival.
As the hearing continued, patent blogger Florian Mueller told BBC News: "I believe an injunction is rather unlikely. Samsung may be entitled to a royalty payment, which requires some detailed technical analysis, but Apple will most likely continue to be able to sell."
Last edited by harrybarracuda : 27-09-2011 at 08:09 PM.
|#17 (permalink)
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(Reuters) - Samsung Electronics Co won a round of its bruising global patent fight with Apple Inc on Friday when an Australian court lifted a ban on the sale of its Galaxy tablet computer in time for the busy Christmas shopping season.
But the South Korean firm's triumph in a Sydney courtroom was tempered by a setback the previous day in Paris, where another court rejected its bid to block sales of Apple's iPhone 4S in France.
Apple and Samsung have been embroiled in some 30 legal cases in 10 countries since April, as they jostle for the top spot in the booming smartphone and tablet markets.
The Australian High Court ruling allows Samsung to offer the device to Australian shoppers for the final weeks of the key Christmas shopping season and came a week after a U.S. court denied Apple's plea to ban Galaxy phones and tablets in the country.
Apple on Thursday appealed against the U.S. decision, which deprived the iPhone and iPad maker of crucial leverage.
In France, Samsung's bid to impose a preliminary sales ban on the iPhone 4S was rejected. Calling the request out of proportion, the court also ordered Samsung to pay 100,000 euros ($133,900) of Apple's legal fees, according to the decision.
Samsung said on Friday it would review the written grounds for the French ruling and continue to exercise all available options to assert its intellectual property rights.
Apple first sued Samsung in the United States in April, saying the firm's smartphones and tablets slavishly copied its iPhone and iPad.
Samsung shot back, suing Apple for infringing on its telecommunications technology, and later expanded its suit to include Apple's iPhone 4S, released in October.
The South Korean firm filed preliminary injunction motions against the iPhone 4S in Japan, France, Italy and Australia in October.
In Australia, sales of iPhone 4S are allowed to continue after a court agreed to hear a patent infringement case brought by Samsung in March.
"If the Italian bid (by Samsung) also fails, the time may come for both Apple and Samsung to realise that you can't win a marathon with a sprint," said intellectual property expert Florian Mueller.
"The problem with those 'sprints' -- in terms of requests for preliminary injunctions that courts can grant after a fast-track proceeding -- is that when they fail, they do nothing to enhance the credibility of the respective plaintiff."
Samsung's Galaxy tablet 10.1, which is considered one of the main alternatives to Apple's iPad, has been kept out of the Australian market since late July.
The Australian market, while not huge, is the first launch market for Apple products outside the United States.
In late November, Samsung won a rare legal victory after an Australian Federal Court unanimously decided to lift a preliminary injunction, imposed by a lower court, on sales of Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1.
Apple had appealed against the decision in the High Court, which is the final court of appeal. Apple could not be reached for comment immediately.
Samsung is the world's top smartphone maker, but a distant second to Apple in tablets.
The quarrel has triggered expectations that some of the pair's $5 billion (3 billion pounds)-plus relationship may be up for grabs. Samsung counts Apple as its biggest customer and makes parts central to Apple's mobile devices.
Global tablet sales are expected to explode to more than 50 million in 2011. Apple, which has sold more than 30 million iPads so far, is expected to continue to dominate the market in the near term.
Now Amazon.com has also entered the fray with its Kindle Fire tablet, but Samsung's Galaxy line-up is widely deemed the closest rival in terms of capability and design to the iPad.
Shares in Samsung fell 0.4 percent by 0355 GMT versus a 1.8 percent drop in the wider market.
|#18 (permalink)
I am in Jail
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good news comes in pair,
BBC News - Motorola wins Apple wireless patent fight in Germany
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Whether any of these will come in handy in Mobile suits remains to be seen, but it's still a lot of cash...
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A win for the good guys.
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Another win for Motorola (or Google by proxy).
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Oracle Gets Pounded in Week 1 of Google Copyright Case
By Dan Rowinski / April 27, 2012 03:19 PM / 1 Comment
As Phase 1 of Oracle's case against Google's use of Java in its Android software draws to a close, Oracle has taken a pounding from Google's lawyers.
With closing arguments due early next week, the jury is about to rule on testimony from a parade of star witnesses, including Android chief Andy Rubin, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt and especially Jonathan Schwartz, the former CEO of Sun Microsystems, who testified that Sun never charged for Java APIs.
As a reminder, the fundamental issue in this case is whether Google violated the copyright on Oracle's intellectual property by using Java APIs in the design of Android. The APIs are the crux of Oracle's case – as the idea of copyrighting Java as a language is too far-fetched, even by Oracle's standards. But Java without its APIs is basically useless, the way the English alphabet would be without a writing utensil to create words.
Schwartz Hurts Oracle
Schwartz was CEO of Sun Microsystems before it was acquired by Oracle, and negotiated with Google concerning Java licenses after the search giant acquired Android.
In addition to saying that Sun never charged for Java APIs, Schwartz explained that Sun's goal for Java when the language was created in the mid-to-late 1990s was to build an open-source universal language that was not reliant on Microsoft or Windows. Giving the APIs away for free was the only way to do that.
From Groklaw's coverage of the case:
Furthermore, Schwartz said there were several other uses of Java, such as GNU Classpath and Apache Harmony that never required licenses from Sun to create "forks" of Java. He said that Sun could not do anything about it.
One of Oracle's primary pieces of evidence is a series of emails from Google programmers and executives wondering if the search company needed to license Java. Schwartz said that negotiations with Google were primarily over licensing the Java name to create a "Java Linux" phone. In the end, those negotiations became moot when Google adopted the name Android for the branding of the operating system.
Scott McNealy, one of Sun's co-founders and its longtime CEO, testified about Java's importance to Sun's bottom line, noting that Motorola and Nokia licensed Java technologies for mobile devices. Google's lawyers tried to discredit McNealy by pointing out his close personal relationship with Oracle co-founder and CEO Larry Ellison.
Both sides offered testimony to establish technical foundations and provide historical documentation of the relationship between Google and Sun over the use of Java in Android. On that front, Oracle provided emails between Schmidt, Rubin, Schwartz and others that it said showed that Googleexecutives had internal discussions regarding whether they needed to license Java.
In the end, Google decided not to license any Java technologies and built most of Android in a "clean room" environment with the help of outside contractors. The 37 APIs that Oracle is claiming copyright infringement on were built in that clean-room environment.
Jury Verdict Likely Next Week
The final arguments for Phase 1 are tentatively scheduled for Monday, with the case heading to the jury later in the week. If the jury understands the key issues here (and they should after a week of technical testimony), it seems likely that Oracle will lose most if not all of its copyright case.
But that's far from the end. After the copyright portion concludes, the trial will then move to Phase 2, which deals with two Oracle "patents" it claims Google infringed upon.
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text: Welcome to Annie's Futons! Big Store Savings with Small Store Service, Product Knowledge & Expertise! We sell same products as large e-tailers yet with the expertise and knowledge a big box stores don't have. We know each and every product in depth and are standing by to help you with your purchase! Start Shopping!Futon Frames Patio Furniture Futon Packages Thai Carvings Mattresses Pillows Futon Covers Accessories Welcome to Annie's Futons & Home Shoppe! We are an online store built with small town ethics and family-owned hospitality. We work hard to provide the best array of products at the best pricing. Whether you're shopping for a futon frame, platform bed, or something unique from across the Pacific, we are here to help you find something you love! Thank you for shopping with Annie's!


text:
The SDK allows you to use CloudBuddy Personal UI components such as Bucket Explorer, Folder Explorer, SaveAs dialog in the way you use your windows File Open dialog from your .NET applications.
Also the CloudBuddy Personal SDK provides UI less access to the CloudBuddy Personal windows services such as upload and download.
You can learn more about this API's by looking at our example below.
Creating your own application with CloudBuddy Personal
A step-by-step walk through of integrating CloudBuddy Personal with your custom project is given below.
- Software pre-requisites:
- 1. MS Visual Studio 2005
- 2. The CloudBuddy Personal application (can be downloaded from here)
1. Download the CloudBuddy Personal SDK from here
2. Create a new Windows Application project in Visual Studio 2005
File -> New -> Project -> Windows Application
3. Unzip the CloudBuddy Personal SDK to local folder
4. Add reference to the below mentioned list of DLLs in your project by right clicking on the project name-> Add Reference
- CloudBuddy Personal Component
- CloudBuddy Personal Config
- CloudBuddy Personal Factory
- CloudBuddy Personal Logger
- CloudBuddy Personal Service
- CloudBuddy Personal UIFactory
- CodePlex.Resourceful
- SQLiteWrapper
- Log4Net
- Affirma.ThreeSharp
- sqlite3.dll
Now you are set to use the CloudBuddy Personal API in your project. If you are not sure as how to use these API's, refer the sample SDK project section below.
Working with the CloudBuddy Personal SDK sample application
- Download the sample from here
- Unzip the sample to your local folder
- Click on the APISample.sln file inside the /example/APISample folder to open the project in Visual Studio IDE
- Build the project and run the project
- The example application contains two forms CBAPISamples.cs and Info.cs
The code below shows you how to retrieve a CBFactory instance and the S3 accounts that are configured with CloudBuddy Personal:
//Initializing the Configuration File
CloudBuddy Personal.Initialize("cloudbuddy", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile);
cbFactory = CBFactory.Instance; //Retrieving Instance of CBFactory
//Registering Client with the ClientID and setting the isAllResult
//isAllResult will enable you to receive notifications for all client's
//upload and download
cbFactory.RegisterClient(clientID, isAllResults);
//If CloudBuddy Personal is already installed, you can retrieve the accounts
//configured in CloudBuddy Personal. Otherwise you can build your accountlist
//and set it to this property.
cbFactory.ContextInfo.AccountInfoList = cbFactory.GetAccounts();
//set the current account accountList = cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.AccountInfoList ;
if (accountList != null && accountList.Count>0)
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.CurrentAccount = accountList[0];
The following application level context variables is mandatory for CloudBuddy Personal Application.
//Retrieve the Config information and assign in the Application level Context Variables
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ClientID = CBAppConfig.Instance.ClientID;
//ISALLResults from Config file. isAllResult will enable you to receive notifications for all
//client's upload and download.
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISALLResults = CBAppConfig.Instance.ISALLResults;
//Whether the pagination is needed or not
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISPaginationNeeded = true;
//No.of Records to be displayed in ListView
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ListViewCount = CBAppConfig.Instance.ListViewCount;
//Whether the account details need to be displayed or not
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISAccountDetailsVisibility = true;
// Checks whether the filter is applied or not.
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISFilterApplied = false;
//What are the filters need to be applied. More than one filter should be separated
//by ?|?. File Extension only allowed in filters
//Single Filter eg. *.txt,*.doc
//Multiple Filter eg. *.txt|*.doc|*.ppt
//*.* is not allowed for filter condition
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.Filter = null;
//Whether the metadata need to be retrieved during retrievel of files
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISRetrieveMetaData = false;
The code below explains how to use a BucketExplorer
BucketExplorer bucketExplorer = null;
//To Show the FileView in Bucket Explorer
//Get an instance of Bucket Explorer with FileView
bucketExplorer = CBUIFactory.Instance.GetFileBucketExplorer();
//Allow Multiple Selection of Files
bucketExplorer.ListViewSelectionMode = FileViewPanel.ListViewSelection.Multiple;
//Hiding CloudBuddy Personal Toolbar
bucketExplorer.ISToolBarItemsVisible = false;
//Hiding Treeview Contextmenu
//Hiding ListView Contextmenu
bucketExplorer.ISListViewContextMenuVisible = false;
//To Show MailView in Bucket Explorer
//Get an instance of Bucket Explorer with MailView
bucketExplorer = CBUIFactory.Instance.GetMailBucketExplorer();
//Allow Multiple Selection of Files
bucketExplorer.ListViewSelectionMode = FileViewPanel.ListViewSelection.Multiple;
//Hiding CloudBuddy Personal Toolbar
bucketExplorer.ISToolBarItemsVisible = false;
//Hiding Treeview Contextmenu
bucketExplorer.ISTreeviewContextMenuVisible = false;
//Hiding ListView Contextmenu
bucketExplorer.ISListViewContextMenuVisible = false;
//This Context variable ISRetrieveMetaData should be true.
//The MailView get builded based on the Metadata information.
cloudBuddyStore.ContextInfo.ISRetrieveMetaData = true;
The code below explains how to use a FolderExplorer
The code below explains how to use a CBSaveDialog
The code below explains how to use CloudBuddy PersonalLogger
The code below explains how to use ShareWizard
The following list gives you an overview of some properties of BucketExplorer, CBSaveDialog and ShareWizard.
Configuration for ShareWizard:
If you would like to share files using Template, then the following steps need to be done:(if CloudBuddy Personal is not installed on your machine)
- You need to create a folder called XML_LIST
- Inside that XML_LIST folder create a folder called temp and an XML file.
- The XML file should be in the following format:
The above sample XML file contains a Photo album template.
4. Then in your application give the template path in the App.Config as follows
under <appSettings> tag.
5. While using Template method in share option, CloudBuddy Personal service needs to run which is mandatory.
If CloudBuddy Personal is already installed, the above settings will be taken care of by the CloudBuddy Personal application itself.
Screen 1: CBAPISamples form contains options for viewing Bucket Explorer, Folder Explorer, SaveAsDialog, Upload File and Download File of CloudBuddy Personal.
Screen 2: Shows BucketExplorer
Screen 3: Displays the selected bucket name, folder name and the list of files selected in the corresponding folder of the current account.
Screen 4a and 4b: Displays the Folder Explorer and its corresponding information selected. The List of Files listbox displays Not Applicable because with FolderExplorer we can only browse through folders.
Screen 5a and 5b: Displays the SaveAsDialog of CloudBuddy Personal and the Destination path of the file name.
Screen 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d: Displays the ShareWizard of CloudBuddy Personal
Screen 7a, 7b: Displays the Upload File option of CloudBuddy Personal
Screen 8a, 8b: Displays the Download File option of CloudBuddy Personal


text:
Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
This Old House magazine is out with The TOH Top 100, its list of the 100 best new home products of the year.
A few of my faves:
The whole list is in the magazine's November/December issue and is also on its website.
Click here to read or leave a comment on this story.


text:
September 20, 2011
Operation Occupy Wall Street....This is a news video discussing the takeover of Wall Street. Join the cause. United we stand, united as one.
We welcome your comments! rabble.ca embraces a pro-human rights, pro-feminist, anti-racist, queer-positive, anti-imperialist and pro-labour stance, and encourages discussions which develop progressive thought. Our full comment policy can be found here. Learn more about Disqus on rabble.ca and your privacy here. Please keep in mind:
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text:
Get an update on changes of the IACR web-page here. For questions, contact newsletter (at) iacr.org. You can also receive updates via:
To receive your credentials via mail again, please click here.
You can also access the full news archive.
Further sources to find out about changes are CryptoDB, ePrint RSS, ePrint Web, Event calender (iCal).
In this paper we investigate a richer setting in which the data owner
D outsources its data to a server E but D is now interested to allow clients (third parties) to search the database such that clients learn the information D authorizes them to learn but nothing else while E still does not learn about the data or queried values as in the basic SSE setting. Furthermore, motivated by a wide range of applications, we extend this model and requirements to a setting where, similarly to private information retrieval, the client\'s queried values need to be hidden also from the data owner D even though the latter still needs to authorize the query. Finally, we consider the scenario in which authorization can be enforced by the data owner D without D learning the policy, a setting that arises in court-issued search warrants.
We extend the OXT protocol of Cash et al to support arbitrary Boolean queries in all of the above models while withstanding adversarial
non-colluding servers (D and E) and arbitrarily malicious clients,
and while preserving the remarkable performance of the protocol.
If a PKE scheme is used in a larger protocol, then the security of this protocol is proved by showing a reduction of breaking a certain security property of the PKE scheme to breaking the security of the protocol. A major problem is that each protocol requires in principle its own tailor-made security reduction. Moreover, which security notion of the PKE should be used in a given context is a priori not evident; the employed games model the use of the scheme abstractly through oracle access to its algorithms, and the sufficiency for specific applications is neither explicitly stated nor proven.
In this paper we propose a new approach to investigating the application of PKE, following the constructive cryptography paradigm of Maurer and Renner (ICS~2011). The basic use of PKE is to enable confidential communication from a sender A to a receiver B, assuming A is in possession of B\'s public key. One can distinguish two relevant cases: The (non-confidential) communication channel from A to B can be authenticated (e.g., because messages are signed) or non-authenticated. The application of PKE is shown to provide the construction of a secure channel from A to B from two (assumed) authenticated channels, one in each direction, or, alternatively, if the channel from A to B is completely insecure, the construction of a confidential channel without authenticity. Composition then means that the assumed channels can either be physically realized or can themselves be constructed cryptographically, and also that the resulting channels can directly be used in any applications that require such a channel. The composition theorem shows that several construction steps can be composed, which guarantees the soundness of this approach and eliminates the need for separate reduction proofs.
We also revisit several popular game-based security notions (and variants thereof) and give them a constructive semantics by demonstrating which type of construction is achieved by a PKE scheme satisfying which notion. In particular, the necessary and sufficient security notions for the above two constructions to work are CPA-security and a variant of CCA-security, respectively.
We show that, assuming the existence of collision-resistant hash functions, there exists a pair of efficient distributions Z, Z\'; such that either:
o extractable one-way functions w.r.t. Z do not exist, or
o extractability obfuscations for Turing machines w.r.t. Z do not exist.
A corollary of this result shows that assuming existence of fully homomorphic encryption with decryption in NC1, there exist efficient distributions Z, Z\' such that either
o extractability obfuscations for NC1 w.r.t. Z do not exist, or
o SNARKs for NP w.r.t. Z\' do not exist.
To achieve our results, we develop a \"succinct punctured program\" technique, mirroring the powerful \"punctured program\" technique of Sahai and Waters (ePrint\'13), and present several other applications of this new technique.
ordinary elliptic curves, namely $E: y^2 = x^3 + Ax$ in prime characteristic
$p\\equiv 1$ mod~4, and $E: y^2 = x^3 + B$ in prime characteristic $p\\equiv 1$
mod 3. On these curves, the 4-th and 6-th roots of unity act as (computationally
efficient) endomorphisms. In order to optimise the scalar multiplication, we consider a width-$w$-NAF (non-adjacent form) digit expansion of positive integers to the complex base of $\\tau$, where $\\tau$ is a zero of the characteristic polynomial $x^2 - tx + p$ of the Frobenius endomorphism associated to the curve. We provide a precomputationless algorithm by means of a convenient factorisation of the unit group of residue classes modulo $\\tau$ in the endomorphism ring, whereby we construct a digit set consisting of powers of subgroup generators, which are chosen as efficient endomorphisms of the curve.
semigroup (SGDLP) to the same problem in a subgroup of the same semigroup.
It follows that SGDLP can be solved in polynomial time by quantum computers, and that
SGDLP has subexponential algorithms whenever the classic DLP in the corresponding groups has subexponential algorithms.


text:
New London - Quaker Hill- Gallows Lane
Its been said that this is where a lot of witches were burned though there is no real record. However if you walk down the road (even in the middle of the day) you get the ominous feeling that not only are you being watched but also followed. One person who has done a s?ance there reported that there was the shrill voice of an old woman that told him to go away and never come back though there was no one in sight the voice seemed to be all around him. Most people from that area wont walk down that road alone and especially not at night.
New London, Connecticut
There are 173 Haunts nearby
Source: Internet
|Location Approximate!!! Care to correct it?
41.3818373, -72.1151413


text:
- Stylist:
- Luann Andes (owner)
Aug 09, 2012 - I have been to many of the curly specialists in the Ann Arbor area. I've seen Cookie, Lara, Carmen, etc. I liked Luann best. I pointed out some of the problem areas my last haircut had left me with (bulkiness in certain areas & visible lines where some layers ended), and Luann was able to fix my hair. The cut she gave me was very flattering. My curls now blend well and my overall hair is well shaped. She was nice too. She introduced me to some products I had not previously known of, but she did not try to sell me anything (very appreciated!). I will definitely be going back to Luann and highly recommend her. What I liked best about Luann is that she is a hair artist, meaning she was able to look at my hair and cut it in certain places to make it look good. She didn't just cut hair the way a book said curly hair should be cut, etc. She has learned many techniques over the years and knows when and how to apply them. I left happy with my hair!


text:
Century V Restroom And Shower Trailer
Scroll Down For Pricing And Options
NOTE: Items listed on the trailer description sheet may also be listed on the shower option combo sheet. Please disregard any duplications.
Click The Pictures To Expand Them For Better Viewing
Popular Optional Equipment For This Model Trailer
All materials within these Web pages are copyrighted - Copyright © A1A2Z, Inc.


text:
Do more leads = more sales?
Of course more leads equal more sales. That's only common sense. You can't get a sale without first having a lead - leads are the starting point of all sales success. No lead means no prospect, which means no one to sell to and no one to close.
"So simple it's mind bending!"
Free 7 Day Success Boot Camp
Click here now and transform your business


text:
2001 BMW X5 3.0i running lean!
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Join Date: Mar 2013
Posts: 22
Mein Auto: 2001 BMW X5 3.0I
View My Garage
2001 BMW X5 3.0i running lean!
Hello everyone new to the forum... Few weeks ago bought a 2001 BMW X5 3.0i w/ 108K miles on it. Love the car, but it started throwing P0171 & P0174 codes and they are giving me quite a headache. First thing that came to mind was dirty/bad MAF so I cleaned it out and reset the codes. Went with 2 days without SEL and came back on. I didn't really had any symptoms before or didn't notice any... Now I do feel a small rough idle.
I've visually checked for cracks and also sprayed brake cleaner and can't find any leaks on major intake hoses. I also took out the dreaded DISA valve and looks just fine to me. I have a scanner and was looking at my O2 voltages and all 4 sensors are at .03-.04 is this normal below the 0.1volts?? I knw it means system is lean but all O2 sensors including downstream? Thinking it might be the Front O2's .
Another weird thing I noticed, I unplugged the MAF while car is running and engine didn't turn off and I looked at my front O2 voltages and they went up to .4 - .8 instantaneously , if I plug the MAF back in engine shuts off. So I thought it was a bad MAF and went to dealer where I bought the car and they switched it with another X5 they had in the lot and I took readings and the issue is still there.
Would appreciate some guidance. Thanks.
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text:
When Tavian Gould steps onto the field for Brophy Prep in the coming weeks, it will mark the start of his high school football journey.
There is no telling where it will lead for the Ahwatukee resident, but it is clear Gould, like most wide-eyed freshmen, has big goals.
And with good reason.
The 5-foot-6, 160-pounder has already caught the eye of camp counselors at the Football University's (FBU) Top Gun workout in Los Angeles.
It led to an invitation to Top Gun's premier camp, which was held last week at Jerome High School in Dublin, Ohio, where Gould had a chance to gain experience and compete against some of the nation's top upcoming football players.
"The competition level was higher than it was in L.A.," Gould said. "It really forced me to push harder on every play."
Competing against top-level talent just a few weeks before his first camp at Brophy can only help make Gould's transition to the high school level easier.
"I've been working on improving my route running and catching so that I can be a better fit in the Brophy system. That's what I tried to improve on most at camp," he said.
Gould said he works to be an every-down back and to be a guy the team can rely on regardless of the situation.
"This past season, I didn't score as many touchdowns as I would have liked. But now that I've opened myself up, I should be able to score a lot more," he said.
Gould started playing football when he was just 6 years old. He said his father, John, had also played and that's really what got him into the game.
"We come from a football family back in Virginia," his father said. "I played in high school, and so did all of my uncles."
John Gould played at Menchville High School where he was teammates with former Arizona Cardinals safety Kwamie Lassiter.
"I've always liked running back, and never really played another position," Tavian Gould said. "I started with flag my first year, but then when I turned 7, I went right to tackle and have been playing that ever since.
"I did a season of flag again this last spring though to work on my speed and agility," he added.
Gould, an honors student, said he's watched NFL running back Reggie Bush since he was at USC because of what he was able to accomplish without being the biggest guy on the field. But Bush isn't the only player Gould looks up to.
"Barry Sanders has always been my favorite. Just with his agility and speed, he really showed that size doesn't matter," Gould said.
Sanders played 10 seasons in the NFL for the Detroit Lions. He's third in all-time rushing yards, and was only 5-8, and 203 pounds when he played.
"He was just so hard to bring down, and that's what I want," he said.
John Gould said his son's dedication to that style of play is apparent in his training.
"He works so hard every day. I've been impressed by his discipline and his positive attitude. His goal is to make varsity in his sophomore year," said his father.
While Gould wants to be an every-down back, he said there are just certain situations he prefers.
"I love first down because when you get the ball, you just try to get as many yards as possible, whereas with a fourth-down play, you're only trying to get one or two," he said. "I also love running off tackle because there's a lot of space, but you're still moving toward the end zone."
Gould, who runs a 4.84-second 40-yard dash and has a 28-inch vertical leap, said the game is his life. He said he gets up at 5 a.m. every day to have his own workout before school.
"There's not much to not like about the game. I have no least-favorite part. I just love every part of it," he said.
• Will Argeros is a junior at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. He is interning this semester for the AFN.


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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
A few extremely halophilic Archaea (
A small number of species of extremely halophilic Archaea of the family
Gas vesicle production is by no means restricted to the
Presence of refractile 'gas vacuoles' in 'Bacterium halobium' isolated from salted herring, a strain of the species now known as
Since those early times many possible functions have been suggested for gas vesicle synthesis in different members of the
Gas vesicles are hollow cylindrical or spindle-shaped structures, built of protein subunits. In the
The GvpA protein has a very high content of hydrophobic amino acids, and is highly conserved in all prokaryotes that produce gas vesicles, Archaea as well as Bacteria [
Similar to the gas vesicles of other prokaryotes, the vesicles found in the members of the
In-depth studies on the genes involved in gas vesicle production and their regulation were thus far performed only with
The ability to produce gas vesicles is not widely distributed among the halophilic Archaea. Out of the 40 genera and 137 species of
Gas vesicle producing halophilic Archaea (family
|Source of isolation
|Flagellar motility
|Bacteriorhodopsin / halorhodopsin
|Salted fish
|Saltern, Spain
|- a
|Saltern, Puerto Rico
|- a
|Experimental outdoor pond, Dead Sea, Israel
|Saltern, China
|Saltern, China
|Salterns, Australia and Spain
|Lake Magadi, Kenya
a as deduced from the genome sequence; NR = not reported.
Out of the 11 currently recognized species within the genus
The genus
All three described species of the genus
Phase-contrast micrograph of gas-vacuolate cells of
The genus
Flat, square to rectangular,
Some gas-vacuolate species are actively motile by means of flagella, so that their mode of positioning in the water column may be determined both by their buoyancy due to the gas vesicles and by flagella-driven motility. Calculations have shown that, at least in slow growing cells, upward movement mediated by gas vesicles is energetically less expensive than by rotating flagella [
To elucidate the possible selective advantages of the production of gas vesicles by members of the
The idea that gas vesicles may buoy cells to the surface of brine pools and salt lakes where they would benefit from higher concentrations of oxygen was already proposed by Petter in the 1930s [
To experimentally test whether under oxygen limitation there may be a selective advantage to gas-vacuolate types, competition experiments were set up between a gas-vacuolate strain of
The O2 carrying capacity of water at 37 °C is ~9.7 mol m−3 MPa−1. For gas vesicles the value is 388 mol m−3 MPa−1,
Diffusion of oxygen in air is 5,700 times (at 20 °C) to 20,000 times (40 °C) more rapid than in water [
Although basically an organism with an aerobic life style,
In contrast to what might be expected, anaerobiosis represses the formation of gas vesicles. When grown or incubated under anoxic conditions, three strains of
In oligonucleotide microarray studies with
How the cells sense the salt concentration and transduce the information to regulate the transcription of gas vesicle genes is still unknown. The reason why high-salt-grown cells need more gas vesicles than low-salt-grown cells is also not clear, but it could be related to the lowered solubility of oxygen and other gases in concentrated brines.
Different strains of
As oxygen solubility in aqueous solutions is increased at lowered temperatures, the effect cannot be understood as an adaptation to an increased oxygen requirement. Growth and cell metabolism are also very slow at 15 °C, resulting in a low oxygen demand.
Some members of the
Some, but not all halophilic Archaea that produce gas vesicles also possess bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin. Functional bacteriorhodopsin proton pumps are active in
Although upward flotation toward the brine surface may be beneficial for bacteriorhodopsin-containing cells to be able to harvest more light, a direct correlation between light intensity, presence or absence of bacteriorhodopsin, and gas vesicle production was never documented. These advantages could also be tested in competition experiments. This suggestion, made by Kessel
Another possible function was suggested for the gas vesicles, namely their use as light-shielding organelles to protect the organism exposed to high light intensities in its environment against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Light is scattered due to the large difference in refractive index between the gas vesicles and the cell's cytoplasm or the surrounding medium. This hypothesis was not supported by controlled laboratory experiments. No significant differences in sensitivity to UV radiation were observed between a gas-vacuolate
One of the most compelling arguments against a great ecological advantage of the production of gas vesicles is the observation that hypersaline environments (natural salt lakes, saltern evaporation and crystallizer ponds,
The only extreme halophile with gas vesicles that appears to contribute significantly to the prokaryote community in hypersaline lakes, both natural and artificial, is the square
From the time of the early studies by Petter it was often assumed that the main function of gas vesicles in the
There have, however, only been very few measurements of actual oxygen concentrations of natural brines and of community respiration rates in such brines. Using a method based on the Winkler titration, Rodriguez-Valera
The flat, square
Flat square gas-vacuolate cells were collected from the surface waters of the hypersaline Saxkoye Lake, Ukraine [
In the saltern crystallizer ponds of Eilat, square gas-vacuolate cells of the
The presence of these dense populations in saltern crystallizer ponds presented a unique opportunity to study the possible role of the gas vesicles in the life of
(1) When samples of brine were placed in a Petroff-Hauser counting chamber and left to stand for up to 4 hours, cells had not accumulated near the cover slip, but remained distributed evenly within the 20 μM thick space between slide and cover slip. However, when the brine sample was first subjected to pressurization causing collapse of all gas vesicles, most cells sank to the bottom.
(2) When the brine was incubated for up to 5 days at room temperature in diffuse daylight in 1 liter glass cylinders, little change in the vertical distribution of the cells was demonstrated, except for a tendency for a small decrease of cell numbers in the upper layer toward the end of the incubation period. To prevent convection currents to cause mixing of the brine, the experiment was repeated by establishing a salinity gradient from 100% brine below to 90% brine – 10% distilled water on top. The result was similar.
(3) In "accelerated flotation" experiments in which brine samples were centrifuged at speeds (26 x
These observations suggest that the gas vesicles present in the square halophilic Archaea in the saltern ponds of Eilat provide negligible floating/sinking velocity to the cells. The gas vesicles were sufficient to provide neutral buoyancy, but not positive buoyancy that may allow the cells to float under optimal conditions. In this respect the properties of the
The rate at which a particle rises or sinks in a liquid medium depends not only on the difference in density between the particle and the solution and on the viscosity of the solution (which is about twice as high in saturated brines than in freshwater), but also on the size of the particle. When estimating the rate of sinking or flotation of a prokaryotic cell in a water column, the first approximation is that determined by Stokes's equation for a spherical particle [
Based on different assumptions to estimate the density of
Gas vesicle-containing cyanobacteria such as
Another hypothesis to explain the possible function of gas vesicles in
One possible problem with this hypothesis is the fact that the salt lakes and shallow pools where organisms such as
Positioning of the square cells to maximize light exposure can probably be expected only if the cells are sufficiently flexible so that the margins with the gas vesicles will bend upward and the cells become somewhat cup-shaped. Indeed the flat cells show a degree of flexibility as shown by photographs of exceptionally large "folded" cells [
Random orientation of model
An altogether different idea why some halophilic Archaea may possess gas vesicles, a hypothesis that has nothing to do with cell buoyancy, oxygen limitation and light harvesting, was proposed already in the 1950s by Houwink [
This hypothesis was revived in several recent studies. It was argued that a larger surface-to volume-ratio, resulting in shorter diffusion times, may be important for especially for organisms growing at low temperatures [
Even more enigmatic than the function of gas vesicles in the aerobic halophilic Archaea is the finding of gas vesicles in two obligate anaerobic halophilic representatives of the domain Bacteria (
Vegetative cells of
Helge Larsen, who in 1967 wrote his pioneering paper on the nature of the gas vesicles of
We have learned very much about the structure of gas vesicles, the genes involved in their formation, and the regulation of their production in two model species: strains of
I thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.


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text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Transplantation of stem cells for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) garnered much attention prior to the turn of the century. Several studies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have indicated that these cells have enormous therapeutic potential in HD and other disorders. Advantages of using MSCs for cell therapies include their ease of isolation, rapid propagation in culture, and favorable immunomodulatory profiles. However, the lack of consistent neuronal differentiation of transplanted MSCs has limited their therapeutic efficacy to slowing the progression of HD-like symptoms in animal models of HD. The use of MSCs which have been genetically altered to overexpress brain derived neurotrophic factor to enhance support of surviving cells in a rodent model of HD provides proof-of-principle that these cells may provide such prophylactic benefits. New techniques that may prove useful for cell replacement therapies in HD include the use of genetically altering fate-restricted cells to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These iPSCs appear to have certain advantages over the use of embryonic stem cells, including being readily available, easy to obtain, less evidence of tumor formation, and a reduced immune response following their transplantation. Recently, transplants of iPSCs have shown to differentiate into region-specific neurons in an animal model of HD. The overall successes of using genetically altered stem cells for reducing neuropathological and behavioral deficits in rodent models of HD suggest that these approaches have considerable potential for clinical use. However, the choice of what type of genetically altered stem cell to use for transplantation is dependent on the stage of HD and whether the end-goal is preserving endogenous neurons in early-stage HD, or replacing the lost neurons in late-stage HD. This review will discuss the current state of stem cell technology for treating the different stages of HD and possible future directions for stem-cell therapy in HD.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation to the huntingtin (
Many of the hallmark neuropathological signs of HD include a loss of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the caudate nucleus and putamen. The progressive nature of HD and variability in length of the CAG repeat makes each individual case different. Adult-onset HD is typically diagnosed following the initial emergence of self-reported symptoms, including cognitive/emotional disturbances and difficulties sleeping. As the disease progresses, symptoms include ballistic or chorieform movements in the extremities, dementia, and impaired cognitive abilities. Patients in the advanced stage of the disease become unable to care for themselves and eventually die at approximately 20 years following the onset of symptoms, usually as a result of aspiration from pneumonia (for review see [
Currently, no treatment to delay or stop the progression of the disease is available. In 2008, the USDA approved tetrabenazine to treat the motor symptoms of HD, while anti-psychotics and anti-depressants have been prescribed to treat other movement as well as cognitive and emotional disturbances [
It has been well established that reductions in pro-cell survival neurotrophic factors (NTFs), such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is dramatically reduced in the HD brain [
To further understand the significance of BDNF in the striatum of the HD brain, transgenic HD mice were crossed with heterozygote BDNF knockout mice, which accelerated the progression of the disease phenotype [
With the knowledge that BDNF is neuroprotective, researchers have attempted to increase BDNF production from endogenous cells within the striatum via adenoviral injections [
Originally documented by Friedenstein and colleagues [
Transplantation of bone-marrow derived MSCs into rodent models of HD has been shown to reduce motor and cognitive deficits [
Trophic support from MSCs. (
The intrinsic characteristics of MSCs, such as immunomodulation and NTF release, have made these cells a target for cell-based therapies in HD. The ability of MSCs to modulate the local immune environment comes from cell-to-cell contact and through the release of interleukins and cytokines that interact with a wide range of immune cells that, in turn, help to protect transplanted MSCs from acute and prolonged immune responses [
The direct correlation between intrastriatal levels of BDNF led one group to induce MSCs to overexpress BDNF and GDNF through changes in culture conditions of the MSCs
To facilitate a greater release of NTFs for an extended period, transplantable cells have been engineered to secrete greater than physiological levels of NTFs. In 2000, a group tested the ability of rat fibroblasts, individually engineered to overexpress a variety of NTFs, including BDNF, NT-3, or NT4/5, to protect against QA lesion [
Similarly, a second group of researchers transplanted astrocytes which overexpressed BDNF [
Both fibroblasts and astrocytes, that were engineered to overexpress BDNF, were efficient in protecting against QA induced HD-like pathology, but were not tested in a transgenic animal model of HD. Given that MSCs are easy to isolate and expand, our lab utilized bone-marrow derived MSCs, and then retrovirally transfected to overexpress BDNF, NGF, or a combination of BDNF and NGF [
Neuroprotective effects of NTF secreting MSCs. Sparing of NeuN-positive (left) and Darpp-32-positive (right) cells was observed in YAC 128 mice that received striatal transplants of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were genetically altered to over-express brain derived neurotrophic factor (YAC + BDNF), but not in mice that received transplants of MSCs that were genetically modified to over-express nerve growth factor (YAC + NGF), a combination of MSCs that over-expressed both NGF and BDNF (YAC + BDNF/NGF), or unaltered MSCs (YAC + MSC). Note: * indicates a significant difference from WT + DMEM; † indicates a significant difference from YAC + DMEM [
These transplantation studies, along with the results viral-vector-mediated increases in BDNF levels have shown that treatments of this nature are protecting endogenous neurons against cell death. With the promising results from the BDNF expressing MSCs [
It is generally accepted that MSCs do not differentiate into neurons following transplantation. Thus, the use of stem-cell mediated transfer of NTFs into the striatum of HD patients will provide the most benefit early in disease progression, when high numbers of MSNs are still present in the striatum.
Gene therapy is a promising new avenue for the treatment of HD. Due to the relative simplicity of a single mutation on a single gene, multiple strategies to reduce the amount of the mutated protein have evolved in recent years. However, the basic properties of the HTT protein and the ubiquitous expression of HTT in all cells has provided challenges to gene therapies. A major obstacle is that HTT is necessary for normal development. This has been shown by Duyao and colleagues who found that
One strategy to reduce levels of the mutated protein is the use of proteins that work intracellularly to bind to target proteins, or intrabodies. When the intrabodies bind to mHTT, the complex is ubiquitinated, marking it for degradation and removal. Two particular intrabodies, Happ1 and EM48, introduced into the striatum via viral vectors are able to reduce some of the neuropathological and behavioral symptoms in HD mice [
A second strategy is to reduce expression of m
In mouse models of HD, studies showed a 50% reduction in
A major downfall of the RNAi technology, however, is the relatively short half-life of RNA: Coupled with low infection rates of viral vectors and the toxicity of unregulated RNAi, new methods of continuous delivery of RNAi to target tissue still needs to be refined. As previously noted, MSCs possess beneficial properties when transplanted in the HD brain, providing a micro-environment suitable for supporting the degenerating brain, as well as long-term survival post-transplantation. It has been established that MSCs can rescue cellular dysfunction caused by mitochondrial depletion by the transfer of mitochondria through cytoplasmic extensions [
Pluripotent stem cells have garnered much attention in neurodegenerative disorders for their potential to replace lost neurons. Pluripotent cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. These cells express the transcription factors OCT4 [
Obtaining true pluripotent stem cells suitable for therapeutic transplantation has raised concerns, both ethically and practically, because discarded embryos must be donated after
Cells derived from the ganglionic eminence have been utilized with the hope that the fetal cells destined to become cells of the basal ganglia will differentiate into MSNs. Long-term clinical studies, where cells from the ganglionic eminence were transplanted into HD patients have shed light on the variability associated with fetal transplants. Bachoud-Levi and colleagues transplanted ganglionic eminence tissue into the striata of HD patients and found that 3 of the 5 patients displayed a delay in the progression of the disease and showed metabolically active tissue at 10 years following transplantation [
However, these beneficial effects were not seen in all patients receiving transplantations of fetal ganglionic eminence. Other groups observed short-term graft survival as well as HD-related pathology, such as neurodegeneration and aggregate formation within the graft [
In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues published a seminal paper showing that somatic cells could be reprogrammed by retroviral transfection of embryonic transcription factors OCT3/4 and SOX2, as well as embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance transcription factors KLF4 and c-MYC [
In the disease modeling field, the ability to take somatic cells carrying the genetic mutation for HD and to reprogram these cells into iPSCs with the Yamanaka factors has allowed researchers to further elucidate the mechanisms of HD, as well as create novel therapeutics aimed at reducing the cellular pathology of HD [
Transplantation of iPSCs into the central nervous system for therapeutic use is still an emerging topic of interest. Many practical hurdles, such as the propensity of iPSCs to form tumors within the transplant site when permanently integrated oncogenes (
In 2012, Jeon and colleagues generated iPSCs from a juvenile form of HD (72 CAG repeats) and tested the potential of these cells to differentiate into MSNs
Our lab has focused on the development of therapeutically relevant iPSCs for the treatment of HD. To this end, a pair of non-integrative adenoviruses expressing the Yamanaka factors (
Immunocytochemical analysis of iPSCs
In the undifferentiated state, iPSCs were then transplanted into immune-competent rats. Transplanted cells were observed up to 90 days post-transplantation, with some of the iPSCs expressing markers of mature, region-specific, neuronal phenotypes. Importantly, the formation of tumors was not observed. Given these promising results, adenovirus-generated iPSCs were transplanted into the striata of rats given progressive doses of 3-NP which replicates the emergence of deficits that are analogous to HD [
Confocal image of iPSCs transplanted in the 3-NP rat brain: Immunohistochemical analysis of transplanted iPSCs (blue), mature neurons (NeuN; green), and medium spiny neurons (DARPP32; red). Transplanted rats displayed surviving iPSCs (blue) around the injection site at the conclusion of the study.
Results from these studies, while still preliminary, address some of the concerns regarding biosafety of iPSCs and transplanting these cells into the HD brain, which showed no signs of graft rejection or overgrowth of transplanted cells at the site of transplantation. Unlike therapies aimed at increasing BDNF or reducing the expression of m
Much of what has been presented here is pre-clinical research focusing on new technologies aimed at alleviating the major symptoms observed in HD and extending the shortened lifespan. As HD is a multi-faceted disease, affecting more than just the brain, therapies that treat the total effects of the disease may prove to be necessary. However, as of now, no such therapy exists. Given that the currently tested therapies aim at single solution, combinatory treatments may prove to be more efficacious.
Our lab has utilized the immunomodulatory and NTF support of MSCs and co-transplanted them with NSCs, which possess the ability to differentiate into neurons, into the transgenic rat model of HD [
In order to maximize therapeutic potential of transplantable cells, several groups have worked toward pushing stem cells further en route to becoming MSN progenitor cells prior to transplantation [
Given these data, a logical next step would be a co-transplantation paradigm using iPSCs engaged towards a MSN fate with MSCs engineered to overexpress BDNF. It would be hypothesized that the immunomodulatory cytokines released by the MSCs would enhance graft survival. Further, the BDNF released by the genetically engineered MSCs would enhance differentiation of the iPSCs into MSNs.
The past decade has provided many new insights and methods in molecular biology, allowing researchers to adapt techniques which are best suited for a particular cause. As HD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, therapies aimed at treating patients at different stages of the disease are being pursued. Early- and mid-stage HD patients already see a marked loss of MSNs within the caudate nucleus and putamen as well as dramatic decrease in BDNF, while late-stage HD patients have lost an overwhelming number of neurons within the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Early interventions with MSCs engineered to overexpress the trophic factor BDNF or RNAi show the ability to protect against neurodegeneration, while later interventions with iPSCs are aimed at cell-replacement. Whether these therapies will advance towards the clinic individually, or if a combination of treatments will prove more effective, remains to be seen. However, the rate at which new advances in technology are occurring will certainly provide numerous therapeutic options in the near future.
3-nitropropionic acid
adeno-associated virus
brain derived neurotrophic factor
Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa
glial derived neurotrophic factor
embryonic stem cell
Huntington's disease
huntingtin gene/protein
induced pluripotent stem cell
mutant huntingtin
mesenchymal stem cell
medium spiny neuron
neural stem cell
neurotrophic factor
nerve growth factor
RNA interference
short-interfering RNA
short-hairpin RNA
quinolinic acid
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


text:
|Date added:
|December 20, 2012
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text: Hi Dave, I never thought WordPad ate formatting either, but I've been working with E to figure out why pagination was removed from several of her files, and WordPad seems to be the culprit. I'm going to try performing a few experiments to see if this is true, and if anything can be done to prevent it, besides not using WordPad I mean. <grin> Any theories or ideas you may have on the subject would be appreciated. Thanks, Kellie