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AMBIGUITY: Court rejects latent/patent distinction. The decedent's will poured over to her trust in which she gave all of her automobiles, furnishings, "and other personal property" to her brother, a gift of $10,000 to a friend, and the residue of the trust property to charity. The intermediate appellate court affirmed the probate court's holding that the language gave all of the decedent's tangible and intangible personal property to her brother. Finding the text to be patently ambiguous, the court in University of Southern Indiana Foundation v. Baker, 843 N.E.2d 528 (Ind. 2006), reversed on the basis of extrinsic evidence, holding that the distinction between latent and patent ambiguities "no longer serves any useful purpose" and that all relevant extrinsic evidence may be considered in resolving an ambiguity.
CLAIMS: Enforcement of buy-sell agreement is barred by nonclaim statute. A corporation brought an action against the shareholder's estate for specific performance of a buy-sell agreement well beyond the three-month period for bringing claims under the state's version of the Uniform Probate Code. Reversing the trial court, a divided court in Steen and Berg. Co. v. Berg, 713 N.W.2d 87 (N.D. 2006), held that the action involved a claim that was barred by statute in an opinion extensively discussing cases from other UPC jurisdictions.
ELECTIVE SHARE: Revocable trust is subject to right of election. Under former state law, a surviving spouse was entitled to an elective share comprising one-third of legal or equitable estates in real property "possessed by the decedent at any time during marriage" and one-third of the decedent's personal property in addition to all exempt property. The court in Sieh v. Sieh, 713 N.W.2d 194 (Iowa 2006), held that the right of election extends to a revocable trust created by the deceased spouse before marriage, expressly adopting the positions in Restatement (Third) of Property § 9.1(c) and Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 25. State law now has been amended to subject a revocable trust to the elective share.
EQUITABLE ELECTION: Doctrine of equitable election does not apply when will did not dispose of entireties property. The decedent's will gave one-half of the residue to his surviving spouse and directed that the spouse receive the couple's house as part of the one-half. At the time of the decedent's death, the couple owned their home as tenants by the entireties. On closing the estate as personal representative, the surviving spouse did not include the value of the house in the calculation of the distribution of the residue. The court in Mainsource Bank v. Unsupervised Estate of Hermann, 843 N.E.2d 69 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), affirmed the lower court's approval of the spouse's closing statement, holding that the doctrine of equitable election did not apply because the will did not clearly attempt to dispose of the entireties property.
GIFT TAX: Ten percent minority discount approved. In Koblick v. Commissioner, 91 T.C.M. (CCH) 959 (2006), the court approved a 10% minority discount for a 45% interest in a corporation to determine the value of a charitable contribution.
HOLOGRAPHIC WILLS: Handwriting must stand alone if document is to be valid holograph. In Berry v. Trible, 626 S.E.2d 440 (Va. 2006), the court reiterated the criteria for holographic wills, reversing the admission to probate of handwritten additions to a typewritten document because the handwritten language was "interwoven with the text, both physically and in sequence of thought" and the typewritten language therefore could not be ignored as surplusage.
JURISDICTION: Federal probate exception does not prevent adjudication of tortious interference claim in federal court. In Marshall v. Marshall, 126 S. Ct. 1735 (2006), the U.S. Supreme Court clarified the extent of the "probate exception" to federal jurisdiction by allowing a claim for tortious interference with an expectancy to go forward in federal court. The Court explained that "the Ninth Circuit . . . read the probate exception broadly to exclude from the federal courts' adjudicatory authority 'not only direct challenges to a will or trust, but also questions which would ordinarily be decided by a probate court in determining the validity of the decedent's estate planning instrument.' . . . The Court of Appeals further held that a State's vesting of exclusive jurisdiction over probate matters in a special court strips federal courts of jurisdiction to entertain any 'probate related matter,' including claims respecting 'tax liability, debt, gift, [or] tort.'" The Court then reversed, holding: "[T]he Ninth Circuit had no warrant from Congress, or from decisions of this Court, for its sweeping extension of the probate exception."
MALPRACTICE: Executors may sue drafting attorney for malpractice. Executors sued the attorneys who prepared the testator's will asserting that the attorneys provided negligent advice and drafting services. The executors believed that the testator's estate incurred over $1.5 million in unnecessary federal estate taxes because of the malpractice. Both the trial and appellate courts agreed that the executors had no standing to pursue the claim because of lack of privity. In Belt v. Oppenheimer, Blend, Harrison & Tate, Inc., 192 S.W.3d 780 (Tex. 2006), the Supreme Court of Texas reversed and held: "[T]here is no legal bar preventing an estate's personal representative from maintaining a legal malpractice claim on behalf of the estate against the decedent's estate planners." The court did not express an opinion as to whether the attorney's conduct actually amounted to malpractice. Estate planners in Texas are now subject to potential malpractice actions brought by the personal representative of their client's estate. Whether a practitioner may achieve protection from this liability is problematic. For example, must an estate planner review a detailed checklist of all estate planning strategies with each client and have the client affirmatively indicate that he or she understands the potential benefits of each technique but does not wish to use it?
POWER OF ATTORNEY: Authority to create a trust is limited by fiduciary duty. The decedent's will gave his wife a life estate in real property, remainder to his children. Using authority granted her under a durable power of attorney, the wife created a trust and transferred the property to it. Under the trust, she had greater rights in the property than under the will. The court in In re Estate of Kurrelmeyer, 895 A.2d 207 (Vt. 2006), held that the trust and the transfer were valid, finding that the power of attorney authorized creation of the trust, that creation of the trust was not nondelegable even though the trust served a function similar to a will, and that, by giving the power to convey real estate to the agent, the principal must have anticipated that the terms of his will might be altered. The court remanded, however, for consideration of whether the wife as an agent breached her duty of loyalty.
TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE: Action may proceed even if there is no probate estate. A daughter brought suit alleging that her siblings had intentionally interfered with her expected inheritance from their mother and that a codicil disinheriting her was the product of undue influence. The mother's assets had been transferred before death to the siblings, so there was no probate estate and no probate proceeding. In Peralta v. Peralta, 131 P.3d 81 (N.M. Ct. App. 2005), the court held that, although there is no action for tortious interference with an inheritance if probate proceedings are available and can provide adequate relief, here there was no probate estate and probate would be futile. Accordingly, both actions could be brought in one civil suit.
TRUSTS: Trustee who is also a remainder beneficiary may make unitrust election. The decedent's will created a trust to pay income to his wife for life, remainder to his children. Eventually, two of his children became successor trustees. In March 2003, the trustees elected to convert the trust to a unitrust under state law and sought to have the unitrust election made retroactive to the effective date of the statute, which was January 1, 2002. As a result, the amount paid to the widow was reduced by more than 50%. The court in In re Heller, 849 N.E.2d 262 (N.Y. 2006), held that the trustees were not barred from making the election because they were also remainder beneficiaries and that the election could be made retroactively. The court remanded to the Surrogate's Court for a careful review of the fairness of the election and the application of all factors applicable to the making of the election including those set forth in the statute.
CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUST: IRS approves split according to divorce agreement. A wife created a CRT with a unitrust to herself for life, then to her husband for life, and then to a charity. The IRS approved a split under a divorce agreement into two trusts, one for each spouse for life, then to the charity, as well as payment of reasonable legal fees from the CRT. PLR 200616008.
ESTATE TAX: Reformation of an irrevocable trust to correct scrivener's error approved. The reformation eliminated a provision that would have caused estate tax inclusion. PLR 200615025.
GIFT TAX: Unauthorized transfers by the settlors did not result in taxable gifts by remainder beneficiaries. Settlors, as trustees of a QPRT, wrongfully conveyed the residence to themselves. The remainder beneficiaries were unaware of this action until several years later when the residence was sold. The beneficiaries made a demand for the sale proceeds and the settlors agreed to settle by paying the proceeds. The IRS determined that there was no gift by the beneficiaries at the time of the transfers but that the beneficiaries must pay capital gains tax on the sale. PLR 200617002.
INCOME IN RESPECT OF A DECEDENT: Distribution of IRA to a charity deemed sufficient to satisfy the charity's share of the residual gift made in the decedent's will. The IRD will be includable in the charity's gross income. PLR 200617020. For a similar ruling, see also PLR 200618020.
MARITAL DEDUCTION: IRS provides guidance on how to qualify an IRA for the marital deduction if the IRA is payable to a QTIP trust. Rev. Rul. 2006-26.
Comparative Trust Law. With the rise of globalization, the use of trusts has expanded exponentially. Carly Howard focuses on theories that validate and invalidate private trusts in Trust Funds in Common Law and Civil Law Systems: A Comparative Analysis, 13 U. Miami Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 343 (2006).
Conservation Easements. Nancy A. McLaughlin argues that the charitable trust doctrine of cy pres should apply to donated conservation easements in Rethinking the Perpetual Nature of Conservation Easements, 29 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 421 (2005). In a subsequent article, she explores the legal framework for modification by making a close analysis of one case in Amending Perpetual Conservation Easements: A Case Study of the Myrtle Grove Controversy, 40 U. Rich. L. Rev. 1031 (2006).
Construction vs. Interpretation. The continuing vitality of the plain-meaning rule and role of extrinsic evidence in resolving problems in identification are explored by Richard F. Storrow in Judicial Discretion and the Disappearing Distinction Between Will Interpretation and Construction, 56 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 65 (2005).
Disabled Adults: With a focus on Illinois law, Thomas A. Pasquesi discusses the standards that guide guardians and courts when making estate planning decisions for incompetent adults in Estate Planning for Disabled Adults: The Legal Framework, 94 Ill. B.J. 242 (2006).
Georgia . Mary F. Radford examines the major cases and legislation enacted over the past year in her article, Wills, Trusts, Guardianships, and Fiduciary Administration, 57 Mercer L. Rev. 403 (2005).
Illinois . In Legislation Would Reduce Confusion for Health Care, Property POA Agents, 94 Ill. B.J. 262 (2006), David A. Berek discusses "[p]roposed legislation [which] would clear up confusion about the power of POA agents to control the disposition of a decedent's body and get access to Totten Trust and payable-on-death accounts."
Inheritance Rights and Step-partner Adoption. Changing social norms and evolving reproductive technology have created inheritance issues that are explored by Peter Wendel in Inheritance Rights and the Step-Partner Adoption Paradigm: Shades of the Discrimination Against Illegitimate Children, 34 Hofstra L. Rev. 351 (2005).
Inheritance Rights of "Grandparent-parents." Existing and proposed doctrines are explored by Kristine S. Knaplund in Grandparents Raising Grandchildren and the Implications for Inheritance, 48 Ariz. L. Rev. 1 (2006).
Oregon and the UTC. In her introduction to The Oregon Uniform Trust Code and Comment: Introduction, 42 Willamette L. Rev. 187 (2006), Valerie J. Vollmar presents a brief overview of the newly adopted code.
Power of Attorney: In Can an Incompetent Principal Revoke a POA?, 94 Ill. B.J. 170 (2006), Helen W. Gunnarsson discusses In re Estate of Doyle, 838 N.E.2d 355 (Ill. App. Ct. 2005). Her article explains how this "opinion raises questions as to how, if at all, the filing and granting of a petition for guardianship interact with an existing power of attorney and whether an incompetent principal may revoke a property power of attorney."
Rule Against Accumulations of Income. In The Lurking Rule Against Accumulations of Income, 100 Nw. U. L. Rev. 501 (2006), Robert H. Sitkoff examines the rule, its relation to the rise of the perpetual trust, and the contemporary policy soundness of the rule.
Rule Against Perpetuities. Ashley Vaughan discusses why the rule presents a major roadblock for semi-perpetual trusts and how various states have addressed the issue in You Can't Take It With You: Property Rights After Death and Rethinking the Rule Against Perpetuities, 47 S. Tex. L. Rev. 615 (2006).
Testamentary Capacity. In her article, Expertise and Instinct in the Assessment of Testamentary Capacity, 51 Vill. L. Rev. 25 (2006), Pamela Champine explores the tension between instinct and the law when determining testamentary
Colorado defines and authorizes a category of persons to assist individuals who lack sufficient decisional capacity in making health care benefit decisions for public or private benefits programs and to file any necessary appeals on their behalf. 2006 Colo. Sess. Laws 190.
Colorado modernizes laws addressing a person's right to control the disposition of remains and anatomical gifts. 2006 Colo. Sess. Laws 196.
Colorado revises procedure regarding claims against the estate of a decedent. 2006 Colo. Sess. Laws 114.
Iowa removes the health care agent from the list of individuals authorized to make decisions regarding the disposition of remains. Under prior law, the health care agent was at the top of the list. 2006 Iowa Legis. Serv. 2364.
Iowa updates its provisions relating to claims made on a trust and estate. 2006 Iowa Legis. Serv. 2742.
Maryland fine tunes its estate tax. 2006 Md. Laws 225.
Ohio provides a procedure for a probate court to treat a document as a will notwithstanding its noncompliance with the statutory formalities for executing wills. 2006 Ohio Laws 96.
Oklahoma modernizes laws governing pay on death accounts. 2006 Okla. Sess. Law Serv. 151.
Vermont reduces the number of witnesses necessary for a valid written will from three to two. 2006 Vt. Acts & Resolves 106.
Wisconsin overhauls its Probate Code. 2006 Wis. Legis. Serv. 216.


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L.A. Galaxy Visit Giants Stadium for First Game of Home and Home Series Against MetroStars
Viewing Parties At Locations Throughout The Southland For MetroStars Match
Special Viewing Party At Nike Downtown L.A. Installation
June 23 Match Vs. MetroStars A Los Angeles Times Family Pack Night
Galaxy Torch Fire on the Weekend To Maintain Top Spot in Overall MLS Table
Kirovski Sees Extensive Time for USA, Will Stay Aboard for Second Leg of Grenada Series
Midfielder Gonzalez Gets Call to U.S. Under-20 National Team
L.A. GALAXY VISIT GIANTS STADIUM FOR FIRST GAME OF HOME AND HOME SERIES AGAINST METROSTARS: After a four-game homestand (including a friendly against Brazilian club Sao Paulo FC), the Los Angeles Galaxy (6-3-3 - 21 pts. - 1st West) travel to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey this week for an inter-conference match against the MetroStars (3-3-4 - 13 pts. - T-3rd East). The trip to the East Coast marks the first time the Galaxy have played a game outside the friendly confines of The Home Depot Center in Carson, California since a match against arch-rivals San Jose Earthquakes at Spartan Stadium May 22. After posting a 2-1 MLS record on their recent homestand, the Galaxy now posses MLS' best home record (4-1-2) so far in 2004. The match, slated for Saturday, June 19 at 1 pm (PT), will be televised live on ESPN2's MLS Radio Shack Soccer Saturday. It will also be available live throughout the Southland to radio listeners in English (KMPC 1540 AM) and Spanish (KMXE 830 AM).
The game is also the first of two consecutive between the Galaxy and the MetroStars, who will return the favor on Wednesday, June 23 at 7:30 pm when they make their only appearance at The Home Depot Center for 2004. Fans attending the match on the 23rd with receive a Galaxy t-shirt courtesy on JNCO Jeans and a Kohl's Galaxy cheer card, while supplies last.
VIEWING PARTIES AT LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT THE SOUTHLAND FOR METROSTARS MATCH: When the Galaxy are on the road, join other Galaxy fans at official Away Game Viewing Parties. Come cheer on your team at the following Galaxy friendly bars and restaurants. Every Away Game Viewing Party will feature the Galaxy game on the restaurants' televisions, food and drink specials and Galaxy giveaways. Make sure to be there this Saturday, June 19 when the Galaxy battle the MetroStars at Giants Stadium. Join your fellow Galaxy fans at any of the following five locations:
Underground - 1332 Hermosa Avenue, Hermosa Beach (310) 318-3818
El Pollo Inka - 1425 W. Artesia Blvd in Gardena (310) 516-7378
Maxsports - 8716 Garfield Ave., Suite 101 in South Gate (562) 928-8992
Plaza Bar & Grill (Carson Hilton) - 2 Civic Plaza Drive in Carson (310) 830-9200
Island Sunfish Grill - 423A Shoreline Village Drive in Long Beach (562) 285-2288
SPECIAL VIEWING PARTY AT NIKE DOWNTOWN L.A. INSTALLATION: In addition their usual viewing parties, Galaxy fans will have the chance to attend a special viewing party for next Saturday's match against the MetroStars at the Nike Downtown L.A. Installation at 1150 South Flower Street from noon to 3 p.m. The viewing party will be held in conjunction with Youth Soccer Saturday festivities at the installation. In addition, free refreshments will be served, patrons will have the chance to play foosball and the Nike Street Team will be doing demonstrations.
JUNE 23 MATCH VS. METROSTARS A LOS ANGELES TIMES FAMILY PACK NIGHT: The Los Angeles Galaxy are pleased to announce that the match against the MetroStars on Wednesday, June 23 will be the next chance this season for fans to purchase a Los Angeles Times Galaxy Family Pack. For as a little as $52, a family of four gets four match tickets, four hot dogs, four sodas and a Los Angeles Times newspaper. To take advantage of this offer, please call the Galaxy ticket office toll-free at 1-877-3GALAXY.
GALAXY TORCH FIRE ON THE WEEKEND TO MAINTAIN TOP SPOT IN OVERALL MLS TABLE: Chris Albright snagged a winner in the fourth minute of stoppage time last Saturday as the Los Angeles Galaxy came from behind to defeat the Chicago Fire 3-2 at The Home Depot Center. Albright, a forward-turned-defender, headed home a Sasha Victorine cross to complete the Galaxy's comeback and maintain L.A.'s hold on the MLS overall points lead, spoiling a two-goal performance by Fire forward Ante Razov in the process. Razov, wearing the captain's armband while Chris Armas is away on national team duty, returned to the scene of his MLS Cup 2003 nightmare and appeared to have given his team all they needed to win. However, the Fire defense couldn't make a late 2-1 lead hold up, as rookie forward Joseph Ngwenya netted the equalizer in the 81st minute with a perfectly placed header and Albright finished the job. The win makes the Galaxy the first team to reach the 20-point mark this season and solidifies their position at the top of the Western Conference for another week, while the Fire are now susceptible to takeover at the top of the Eastern Conference after losing their first road game of the 2004 campaign.
KIROVSKI SEES EXTENSIVE TIME FOR USA, WILL STAY ABOARD FOR SECOND LEG OF GRENADA SERIES: L.A. Galaxy forward Jovan Kirovski, called on to come in as a substitute for an injured Conor Casey midway through the first half of the USA's 3-0 defeat of Grenada on June 13 in Columbus, Ohio, will be again be of the U.S. roster for a June 20 match against the same opponent in St. George's, Grenada. The series, played in an aggregate goal format, is part of the first round of CONCACAF qualifying to the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. The winner of the USA-Granada pairing will be placed into one of two semifinal groups with the winners of four other head-to-head series. Former Galaxy defender Greg Vanney, who scored in second-half stoppage time of the USA's win in the first leg of the series, will also be part of the roster for the second leg next weekend.
MIDFIELDER GONZALEZ GETS CALL TO U.S. UNDER-20 NATIONAL TEAM: Los Angeles Galaxy midfielder Guillermo Gonzalez, who split time between the club and the U.S Under-17 national team during his rookie season of 2003, has been called into the U.S. U-20 side by Head Coach Thomas Rongen for a friendly against Brazil on June 16 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Gonzalez is one of five MLS players on the roster, joining Freddy Adu (D.C. United), Arturo Alvarez (San Jose Earthquakes), Craig Capano (Chicago Fire) and Eddie Gaven (MetroStars). After the match Gonzalez and most of his teammates will leave for South Korea and the Busan Four Nations International Tournament. The U.S. will play South Korea, Poland and Brazil once again in a round-robin format. The U-20s will have a few days of training before facing South Korea in the opening match of the tournament on June 22. The U.S. will then face Brazil on June 24 and finish the round-robin play against Poland on June 26.
MÁS GALAXY TAKES A LOOK AT THE GALAXY AND THE METROSTARS: Más Galaxy, the club's Spanish-Language radio talk show, which airs each Wednesday at 8 pm on KMXE 830 AM, will give fans an inside look at the Galaxy-MetroStars match-up this week. The program, hosted by Troy Santiago and Rigoberto Cervantez, will feature interviews with guests from each team as well as analysis by both Santiago and Cervantez. Remember Galaxy fans, for the latest news on your favorite team, tune in every Wednesday night throughout the 2004 season to Más Galaxy, only on KMXE 830 AM.
DON'T MISS GALAXY DEPORTIVO, THIS AND EVERY SATURDAY AT 3:00 P.M. ON CHANNEL 22: Galaxy Deportivo, The weekly, half-hour Spanish language television show devoted to the Los Angeles Galaxy, can be seen this Saturday, June 19 at 3 p.m. on KWHY - Channel 22, immediately following the Galaxy - MetroStars match. Galaxy Deportivo, hosted by Los Angeles area personalities Jaime Motta and Elmer Polanco, can be seen at 3 p.m. each and every Saturday on Channel 22.
GP W L T Pts LA 12 6 3 3 21 KC 12 5 4 3 18 SJ 10 4 3 3 15 DAL 10 4 4 2 14 COL 10 2 3 5 11Galaxy Injury Report
Peter Vagenas, Strained Right Groin
Tyrone Marshall, Sprained Left MCL
Ryan Suarez, Strained Middle Back
Danny Califf, Sprained Right MCL
Carlos Ruiz, Sprained Right Ankle
Did you know ... The Los Angeles Galaxy and the MetroStars met in the first game in Galaxy history, a 2-1 victory for the home side on April 13, 1996 before a crowd of 69,255 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena.

subset: commoncrawl


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Barring an unexpected and unforeseen change of heart over the next 24 hours or so, Josh Cribbs will not be participating in the first "voluntary" full-team minicamp of the Eric Mangini Era, multiple sources have told The OBR.
The "voluntary" minicamp begins on Tuesday of this week, and there is "virtually no chance" Cribbs will be taking the field with the club.
Cribbs' agent, J.R. Rickert, when reached via cell phone by The OBR yesterday, refused to comment on the status of his client or how contract talks have progressed. He did allow, though, that he will release a statement tonight to address the state of the Cribbs situation.
However, a source familiar with the situation tells The OBR that talks between the two sides on a new deal "have gone nowhere. Absolutely nowhere." The last time the Browns spoke to Rickert regarding Cribbs' contract was a week ago.
One Browns source stated that "the team is having a hard time figuring out a value to place on what Josh brings to the team. He's obviously a tremendous football player, a tremendous asset to the team and to the city, but we all just have to find some type of way to gauge financially what is acceptable in relation to what he does and to the [salary] cap."
Cribbs' current contract, signed before his breakout 2007 season, was a six-year, $6 million extension which contained a $2 million signing bonus. There are four years remaining on the deal, with base salaries of $620,000 (2009), $635,000 (2010), $650,000 (2011) and $790,000 (2012) scheduled according to NFLPA documents. Additionally, there are "up to $400k" escalators built into each remaining year of the deal, with only the final escalator voidable by the club.
Cribbs is also eligible for $25,000 in workout bonuses in each remaining year.
As The OBR has reported in the past, Cribbs is not necessarily looking for a new deal right now; he is, however, looking for some type of meaningful progress in the talks. Apparently, said progress is not to the return specialist's liking and he has made the decision to skip the first round -- at least -- of "voluntary" camps.
The two sides have not exchanged specific numbers throughout the course of their talks. Instead, the source said, they have talked "concepts".
It's believed Cribbs would be amenable to a contract laced with incentives tied to his participation on the offensive side of the ball.
The biggest source of Cribbs' consternation with the state of his current contract is the fact that he was promised by owner Randy Lerner, ex-general manager Phil Savage and ex-head coach Romeo Crennel on multiple occasions last year that the Pro Bowler "would be taken care of" following the 2008 season.
After the firing of both Savage and Crennel, it was reiterated to Cribbs by Lerner that he would still be taken care of as had been promised.
It was Cribbs' understanding, based on subsequent conversations with the current management, that the issue would be dealt with in earnest following the 2009 draft. A little over three weeks since the April 25-26 draft, he has yet to see the type of movement he desires.
Based on their current actions -- or inactions as some might be wont to label it -- the new regime of Mangini and GM George Kokinis is in no hurry to make good on promises made by their predecessors.
And, in the end, there's a very good chance that the Browns' current stance will force the Cribbs' camp into adopting a stance in the not-too-distant future that nobody involved wants to see: "Pay me or trade me."
An e-mail seeking comment from the organization regarding this latest development has yet to garner a response.


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Frequently Asked Questions
Is one right for you?
A clinical trial is one of the final steps in a long and careful cancer research process that is looking for better ways to prevent, diagnose, or treat cancer. Clinical trials test new medical approaches in patients with cancer, and are important to developing new treatments for cancer. Many of the "standard treatments" that patients with cancer receive today were developed based on the results of previous clinical trials.
- Are there benefits to participating in a clinical trial?
- Are there risks in participating in a clinical trial?
- How are participants in clinical trials protected?
- How will I know if I am eligible to participate in a clinical trial?
- What is informed consent and why is it important?
- How can I get more information about clinical trials?
Are there benefits to participating in a clinical trial?
Clinical trial participants may have access to investigational drugs or experimental medical approaches. These may or may not be beneficial. Ultimately, people who take part in clinical trials contribute to future progress against cancer—helping to shape new approaches in the fight against cancer.
Are there risks in participating in a clinical trial?
A new treatment or medical approach becomes a clinical trial because it has shown strong promise in laboratory studies. Results in the clinic, however, may be different. The new therapy may not be better than the standard treatment or it may have unexpected or more difficult side effects. If the study is comparing different treatments, participants cannot choose which one they receive because they are randomly assigned to one treatment or the other. Also, patients should consider the costs of trial participation and determine what costs will be covered by their insurance or the study sponsor.
How are participants in clinical trials protected?
Clinical trials at Norris Cotton Cancer Center are conducted according to strict scientific and ethical principles. Every clinical trial has a plan, called a protocol, which describes what will happen in the study and why it is necessary.
Before a clinical trial begins, two committees review the protocol and approve it only if the clinical trial satisfies certain scientific and ethical standards. These committees are called Norris Cotton Cancer Center's Clinical Cancer Review Committee and the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth College. The people on these committees evaluate the scientific basis for the clinical trial, the risks to participants, and the information provided to participants about the trial. They can stop a clinical trial that is not following the protocol or is causing unexpected harm to participants. They also can halt a clinical trial if the treatment being studied is very effective, in order to make it available sooner to patients who are not on the trial.
Finally, participants can choose to leave a study at any time—before the clinical trial starts or at any time over the course of the trial.
How will I know if I am eligible to participate in a clinical trial?
Eligibility criteria define who may participate in a clinical trial. In order to answer a specific question about a new approach to cancer care, variables such as age, gender, medical history, stage, and type of cancer need to be kept the same for all participants. Eligibility criteria define common characteristics, and help researchers achieve accurate and meaningful results. Eligibility criteria may also minimize the risk of a person's condition becoming worse by participating in the study.
If you have found a clinical trial you think you might qualify for, talk to your doctor to see if you qualify. You can also call our Cancer Help Line at (800) 639-6918 to speak with a cancer research nurse, or email the cancer research nurses at firstname.lastname@example.com.
What is informed consent and why is it important?
The process of informed consent gives patients the information they need to decide if they want to participate in a clinical trial. In the informed consent process, a doctor or a research nurse will explain the purpose of the study, the tests and procedures involved, and the possible risks and benefits. During the informed consent process, you are encouraged to ask questions to be sure you understand all aspects of participation in the clinical trial. If you agree to participate, you will be asked to sign an informed consent document. You also may be asked to sign a new consent form as new benefits, risks, or side effects are discovered.
How can I get more information about clinical trials?
The following organizations provide general information about clinical trials online:
Brochures and videos are available in the reception areas for Hematology/Oncology (3K) and Radiation Oncology (2K) at Norris Cotton Cancer Center.
In addition, you can search this website for clinical trials currently being conducted at Norris Cotton Cancer Center. You can search by cancer type, principal investigator, study number, or word or phrase.
You can also call our Cancer Help Line at (800) 639-6918 to speak with a cancer research nurse, or email the cancer research nurses at email@example.com.
Or, talk to your doctor to find out if a clinical trial at Norris Cotton Cancer Center is right for you.


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I work hard; very hard. I genuinely have a keen interest in a wide variety of things, and make the effort to learn and acclimatise more. I am well travelled, and have a lot of strong friendships that I maintain.
I don't have any particular need for a girlfriend, or partner. However, I would certainly like to take a lady out, be it frequently, or not.
If something develops, it develops. If it doesn't, it doesn't. The one thing I can guarantee is that I won't waste anyone's time the same way in which I wouldn't expect anyone to waste mine, and I would ensure that whatever we do, we have some fun :-)


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To reach the St. John's River Water Management District, click here.
To reach the Florida Yards and Neighborhoods, click here.
City of Oviedo, Florida • 400 Alexandria Blvd. • Oviedo, FL 32765 • Phone: (407) 971-5550 • Webmaster •
Please Note: Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to the City of Oviedo. Instead contact the City of Oviedo by phone or in writing.


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Stay Out - Stay Alive
Mine Hazard Awareness Campaign
Accident Information File
A Muhlenberg County, Ky., man was killed when the ATV he was riding struck a metal fence near the old Gibraltar mine land at the Peabody Wildlife Management Area. The 49-year-old victim was riding with about four friends when the crash occurred. He did not see a gate across the road, was thrown from the vehicle and pronounced dead at the scene, according to Kentucky State Police. He was not wearing a helmet. (Source: Owensboro Messenger-Inquirer)


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(March 1999)
At 08:27 PM 2/28/99 -0800, Michelle Dick wrote: >Or rather they ask for something of value from you for free and hope >that you think what they offer in return is of greater value. >Assuming that it is is rather presumptuous on their part. Not really. I bet the vast majority of the list managers do *not* get a penny for their archives, and some probably even pay their ISPs to run the archives. In your case, yes, you have very little incentive to let someone else duplicate your content and thereby take money out of your pocket, but I would bet you are the rare list owner who is making money on their archives. I think this is an interesting point for Topica: they can engender even more good will by offering to list owners to point their archive pointer to your archive. Since you've already said no to them archiving, they're not losing anything, and they are increasing the market for "archives that make ad revenue". They might also consider giving you a split, but I think we're too early in the ad game for that to happen (although I would love it if we could...). --Paul Hoffman, Director --Internet Mail Consortium


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The Party of Rights thinks that Croatia will lose control of its future now that it's just been admitted to the European Union.
Issues / Democracy & Governance
Egypt's revolution has been more of a regime exchange than a regime change.
Anyone who thinks military rule bends toward democracy in Egypt has misread the country's history.
China's broken and thuggish legal system is producing a new brand of "terrorism."
The best thing the American Empire can do is prepare the world for its eventual collapse.
Although known for decades for its oppressive behavior, Myanmar's government is capable of very little when it comes to conserving natural resources, promoting development, and protecting citizens.
When James Senenbrenner, the congressman who introduced the Patriot Act, can't stomach the NSA's data collection programs, you know they're in trouble.
The unrest gripping Turkey has less to do with Islam than with the AKP's policies of privatization, its push to centralize authority in the hands of the country's executive branch, and its silencing of the media.
As the Muslim Brotherhood scrambles to limit the regional damage to its influence, U.S. Middle-East policy is once again in disarray.
In 2013, Planet Earth isn't big enough to protect dissidents like Edward Snowden.


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Prince William & Kate Middleton Have Hilarious Reactions During Wimbledon Match: See the Pics!
It's important to take time to relax and enjoy the finer things in life, and Kate Middleton and Prince William took advantage of their Royal status at the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships in London today (July 2).
Dressed to impress, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge caught all the Day Nine action from their very own seats in the luxury box at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.
Meanwhile, the new portrait of Prince William by Dan Llywelyn Hall has been unveiled ahead of an auction to take place in October.
Of the painting, Hall explained, "Fatherhood is a portrait about a universal theme: the concerns, hopes and aspirations of a family man."


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Who, what, where?
Threadless is an online community of artists and friends. Our community makes and picks the products we sell next. We started by printing our artists' designs on t-shirts, but now we are printing their work on tons of products like iPhone cases, wall art, and even dog hoodies! All the work we do supports our artist community and their designs.
We've always been a group of arty misfits since Threadless was founded in 2000, so biking fits right into our culture. Since we're located in the Midwest where the weather changes season to season, the number of bike commuters varies by the month. In the summer, up to 20 bikes will fight for space at our bike racks. During the winter when it's the coldest and most blustery, our hardcore bike crew dwindles down to around 5. Our staff commutes on a range of bikes, from vintage clunkers to sleek fancy things some staff members built themselves.


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Get an overview of this hotelAparthotel in Bothell with free breakfast and 24-hour front desk
Popular property highlights
Situated near the airport, this aparthotel is within 6 mi (10 km) of University of Washington Bothell, Lynnwood Convention Center, and Bastyr University. Alderwood Mall and Lynnwood Ice Center are also within 9 mi (15 km).
Property Features
Along with coffee/tea in a common area, this aparthotel has laundry facilities and a 24-hour front desk. Free continental breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a front-desk safe.
Room Amenities
All 101 apartments have flat-screen TVs with cable channels and feature kitchens with refrigerators, stovetops, and microwaves. Free WiFi, coffee makers, and free local calls are among the other amenities available to guests. Weekly housekeeping is available.
Guest Highlights
- Notably quiet location
- Comfortable rooms
- Good location
- Helpful staff
- Clean guestrooms
- Guestroom size
- Bathrooms could've been nicer
Extended Stay America Seattle - Bothell - West
Property Amenities
Property Amenities
A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Bothell aparthotel also offers coffee/tea in a common area, laundry facilities, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Onsite self parking is complimentary. A total renovation of this property was completed in May 2012.
- 24-hour front desk
- Free WiFi
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Free breakfast
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Number of floors - 4
- Elevator/lift
- Laundry facilities
- Total number of rooms - 101
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Year Built 2001
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchen
- Laundry facilities
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Flat-panel TV
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Stovetop
- Desk
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Cable TV service
- Weekly housekeeping provided
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free toiletries
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Iron/ironing board
- Kitchen
- Free WiFi
- Microwave
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast each morning.
Nearby Things to Do
- Golfing nearby
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
Property Policies
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Kids stay free! Children 17 years old and younger stay free when using existing bedding.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 25 per pet, per day (maximum USD 150 per stay)
- Dogs and cats only
- 2 per room
- Restrictions apply
- For more information contact the property at the number on the booking confirmation
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
A valid credit card is required at check-in for incidentals and damages, otherwise a USD 100 cash deposit per room, per stay will be collected. The deposit is refunded at check-out after satisfactory inspection. If refund is over USD 100, a check will be mailed within 14 days of departure. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
- Cash deposit: USD 100 per stay
Optional extras
- Pet fee: USD 25 per pet, per day (maximum USD 150 per stay)
- Weekly housekeeping provided; fees apply for additional cleaning
Property Name
- Extended Stay America Bothell West
- Extended Stay America Seattle Aparthotel Bothell West
- Extended Stay America Seattle Bothell West
- Extended Stay America Seattle Bothell West Aparthotel
We should mention
Children 17 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).


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NSW Treasurer
Mr Rees made the comments during the campaign launch of Labor's Blue Mountains candidate Trish Doyle last Sunday.
Speaking to supporters, Mr Rees gave a blunt assessment of the man he appointed state treasurer in 2008, the Blue Mountains Gazette newspaper has reported.
"I love it when it's tough because you've got two choices," he reportedly said.
"You can roll yourself into a foetal position and sit in a dark corner – as arguably Eric Roozendaal should – or you can get out there on the front foot, stick a spear in the ground and say, listen, we are entitled to state our case as a party, we are entitled to stand on . . . our achievements over the last 15-plus years."
Mr Roozendaal, whose has been blamed for not getting enough political capital out of the government's power privatisation, said he had no intention of taking a back seat during the campaign.
"I'm always front up to the media, and I'll continue to do that," he told reporters in Sydney.
"I am proud of the achievements of the Keneally Labor government."
Labor's campaign spokesman Luke Foley made light of the former premier's comments.
"Nathan has a wicked sense of humour," he said.
"I think that is about the last thing Eric Roozendaal is about to do, having known him and worked with him for a couple of decades."


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Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that specializes in treating patients with improper positioning of teeth when the mouth is closed (malocclusion), which results in an improper bite.
Orthodontics also includes treating and controlling various aspects of facial growth (dentofacial orthopedics) and the shape and development of the jaw. An orthodontics specialist is called an orthodontist.
Orthodontics used to be called orthodontia - the word comes from the Greek orthos, meaning "straight, perfect or proper", and dontos, which means "teeth".
Orthodontics also includes cosmetic dentistry; when the patient's aim is to improve his/her appearance.
An orthodontist uses a range of medical dental devices, including headgears, plates, braces, etc. to help in:
- Closing wide gaps between the teeth
- Making sure the tips of the teeth are aligned
- Straightening crooked teeth
- To improve speech or eating (oral function)
- To improve the long-term health of gums and teeth
- To prevent long-term excessive wear or trauma (of the teeth)
- Treating an improper bite
What is malocclusion?
Malocclusion literally means bad bite. Some children's jaws and teeth do not develop properly. Malocclusion refers to crooked, misaligned teeth and a fault in the relation between the bottom and top set of teeth (the two dental arches). This may develop because of injury to the teeth or facial bones, frequent thumb sucking, or for reasons unknown.
Thumb sucking (or finger sucking) can result in localized deformation of the teeth and supporting bone. In order to restore a natural improvement, the thumb sucking habit has to be stopped.
Generally, malocclusions do not affect physical health, malocclusion is not a disease, it is a variation in the normal position of teeth. However, it may impact on the shape of the person's face and the appearance of their teeth, which can lead to embarrassment, a lack of self-confidence, and even depression.
Severe malocclusion may affect eating, speech and keeping the teeth clean.
UK health authorities say that approximately one third of all 12 year-olds in the country probably need orthodontic treatment.
People may require orthodontic treatment for different problems:
- The front teeth protrude - treatment not only improves the patient's appearance, but also protects the teeth from damage; people with protruding front teeth are more likely to injure them in sports, falling down, etc.
- Crowding - if the patient's jaw is narrow, there may not be enough space for all the teeth. In such cases the orthodontist may have to remove one or more teeth to make room for the others.
- Impacted teeth - an adult tooth does not emerge from the gum, or only emerges partially
- Asymmetrical teeth - the upper and lower teeth do not match, especially when the mouth is closed but the teeth are showing.
- Deep bite (overbite) - when the teeth are clenched, the upper ones come down over the lower ones too much
- Reverse bite - when the teeth are clenched, the upper teeth bite inside the lower ones
- Open bite - when the teeth are clenched, there is an opening between the upper and lower teeth.
- Underbite - the upper teeth are too far back, or the lower teeth a too far forward ("bulldog" appearance)
- Crossbite - at least one of the upper teeth does not come down slightly in from of the lower teeth when the teeth are clenched; they are too near the cheek or the tongue
- Spacing - there are gaps or spaces between the teeth, either because a tooth is missing, or the teeth simply do not fill-up the mouth (opposite of crowding)
When can orthodontic treatment start?
Treatment will not usually commence until the child is about 12 or 13 years old; when the adult teeth have come through and developed fully. In some cases treatment may start a couple of years later if teeth problems had not become noticeable beforehand.
Children with a cleft lip and palate may require orthodontic treatment before their adult teeth have developed completely.
Good oral hygiene is essential before any orthodontic work can begin. When devices are placed on the teeth, bits of food are much more likely to become stuck; the patient will need to brush much more carefully and more often to prevent tooth decay while treatment is ongoing.
Patients who have not reached good oral hygiene standards beforehand are much more likely to suffer from tooth decay after treatment begins.
Diagnosing dental problems and recommending treatment options
Assessment - the orthodontist will assess the state of the patient's teeth and make a prediction on how they are likely to develop without treatment. The following diagnostic procedures will be performed:
- A full medical and dental health history
- A clinical examination
- X-rays of the teeth and jaw
- Plaster models of the teeth
After the assessment is done, the orthodontist will decide on a treatment plan.
On the next page we look at examples of orthodontic appliances, including both fixed and removable braces.


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Brit Awards 2015 Winners List - Full List Of This Year's Awards
The winners of the Brit Awards have been chosen, Ant and Dec did a sterling job hosting and the prizes that every muso dreams of have now been awarded. Were your predictions right and did you're fave act triumph on the night? Find out now.


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History and Archives
Last Updated on Wednesday, 25 May 2011 09:40 Written by RFA15 Wednesday, 27 April 2011 08:32
1989 – Tiananmen Square massacre
RFA grew out of China's 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown when Congress began to consider giving a voice to those who had been silenced in Beijing and aiding the development of a Chinese free press.
1991 – Presidential Task Force Recommends New Broadcaster to China
The first congressional discussions calling for the creation of "Radio Free China" began. A substantial majority of the bipartisan "President's Task Force on International Broadcasting" recommended in 1991 that the United States create a new surrogate broadcasting entity aimed at Asia with a special emphasis on providing information for the people of China.
1993 – President Clinton Requests Funding for RFA in his Budget Request
Early 1993: The Clinton Administration sought $30 million for the creation of a surrogate service which was referred to as Radio Free Asia in its FY1994 budget request.
June 15: President Clinton announced his proposal for a major consolidation of U.S. non-military, international broadcasting, including the creation of a new "Asian Democracy Radio."
The 103rd Congress debated whether, and how, to broadcast into Asia. Proponents of surrogate broadcasting into Asia argue that: 1) it would promote democracy, especially in China where political repression and government control of news are strong, 2) freer and more open countries would enhance U.S. bilateral relations in Asia, and 3) the United States has an obligation to promote freedom around the world, not just in Europe.
1994 – Radio Free Asia is Founded
March 12: After a few years of debate, and the inclusion of other authoritarian countries to its broadcast region, Radio Free Asia is founded under the provisions of the 1994 International Broadcasting Act, as a private non-profit corporation.
The original legislation called on RFA to carrying out radio broadcasting to the People's Republic of China, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, North Korea, Tibet and Vietnam. The functions of RFA were established to 1)provide accurate and timely information, news and commentary about events in the respective countries of Asia and elsewhere; and 2)to be a forum for a variety of opinions and voices from within Asian nations. The original legislation also expressly obligated the government to "respect the professional independence and journalistic integrity of the broadcasters." The Broadcasting Board of Governors implemented the firewall policies that remain in place to this day.
The hope was that nations served by RFA would loosen their grip on censorship as their economies modernized and living standards improved.
1995 – Planning and Preparation
November 15: The Broadcasting Board of Governors sends the RFA plan to Congress, detailing how it would establish a surrogate broadcasting service into Asian countries within the budget set forth by Congress and that it would be broadcasting "as soon as possible".
1996 – RFA Opens Its Doors and Goes On The Air
March 11: The broadcasting service was incorporated on March 11, 1996, as the Asia Pacific Network (Radio Free Asia), Inc. In the months before RFA's first broadcast, due to a few objections from Congress, it was asserted that Radio Free Asia would be the authorized name.
March: RFA began operations in a small office rented from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty on Connecticut Avenue in Washington, DC. The company's first employee and president was Richard Richter, former executive producer for the ABC "Evening News". Richter quickly hired Craig Perry as Vice President for Administration and Patrick Taylor as Chief Financial Officer.
July: RFA hired as Executive Editor and Vice President for Programming Dan Southerland, a veteran correspondent who had spent 18 years in Asia. Southerland's first task was helping to hire broadcasters as well as language service chiefs for more than half a dozen language services. When he first arrived, RFA had a small administrative and financial staff but no broadcasters.
July 10: RFA Opens its first Overseas Office in Hong Kong.
September 29: RFA goes on the air for the first time. Broadcasting in Mandarin to China from an RFE/RL studio in Washington DC, the first broadcast aired at 7:00 AM Beijing time and lasted 30 minutes. The broadcast was repeated during the following half hour and again the same night at 11:00 PM Beijing time. RFA's signal was routed through the transmission facilities of the U.S. Information Agency's International Broadcasting Bureau at Voice of America headquarters in Washington. From there, it was sent via satellite to relay stations overseas for broadcast on short wave. Transmitters in Kazakhstan and the Pacific island of Saipan relayed the first broadcast.
RFA President Richard Richter said that "All of us at Radio Free Asia are excited to be on the air. The people of China — and eventually the peoples of other closed societies in Asia — will now have in RFA an excellent source of straight, credible news dedicated solely to their own countries." Dan Southerland, RFA Executive Editor and Vice President of Programming added, "Radio Free Asia is a small, cost-effective network whose broadcasts will be governed by strict journalistic standards of objectivity, fairness and quality."
Mike Jendrzejczyk, Director for Human Rights Watch's Asia division said after the first broadcast that "It fills a gap and a real appetite for information."
Programming Highlights The initial broadcast included regional news and feature stories including news reports on a territorial dispute between China and Japan, protests in Burma, a review of China's most favored nation status, and U.S.-China trade relations. Liu Binyan, China's most famous investigative reporter in exile in the United States, spoke about challenges facing China's Communist Party.
Highlights from RFA's first broadcasts in late September and October included Dai Qing, a dissident environmental expert, who was interviewed as part of series in which she voiced her concerns about the human and environmental costs entailed in the building of China's giant Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River. RFA broke the official Chinese media's silence about Beijing's plans to prosecute prominent dissident Wang Dan, a student leader of the pro-democracy demonstrations in Tiananmen Square, and interviewed Wang's parents. There was an interview about prison conditions with just-released dissident Tong Yi, an aide to imprisoned democracy advocate Wei Jingsheng.
On a lighter note, RFA's program "Letters from Vermont" gave Chinese listeners a chance to hear about the exotic life of a Chinese exchange student at an American college in New England where they did such odd things as evaluate teachers, ride bicycles with helmets for exercise and where male and female students brush their teeth side-by-side in the dormitory bathrooms.
Reaction from China The Chinese government reacted to the initial broadcasts with strong words of opposition to top level U.S. government officials, as well as editorials in major Chinese newspapers claiming that the CIA was behind the broadcast operation. One government spokesperson called the broadcasts "meddling" and warned that they were "not advantageous" to U.S.-China relations. The official People's Daily denounced RFA as "disgusting Cold War statis" funded by the CIA and carried a cartoon of the gossip-spewing "Mr. Long-tongue".
Listener Reponses A steady stream of letters to RFA's Hong Kong mailbox arriving from throughout China and from Chinese living abroad showed that listeners were tuning in and appreciating RFA's coverage. From high school students and retired military officials, peasants and intellectuals, men and women, the overwhelming majority expressed support. A few made appeals for help and asked that their letters be forward to human rights organizations. "Concise and powerful" is the way one of the first letters to reach RFA described its program.
A loyal listener in Tianjin explained, "For many years, the Chinese government has sealed off news and our television reports and papers are filed with false stories, which has seriously limited our understanding of domestic and international politics and economics…But Radio Free Asia's news reports and interviews with activists in the democracy movement feel very warm and honest…RFA's broadcasts are an important channel for the Chinese people to understand the development of the Chinese democracy movement."
Listeners requested information on broadcast times, addresses of imprisoned dissidents, photographs of people mentioned in the broadcasts and copies of the broadcasts: "I know such a request sounds a bit too demanding, but please understand my yearning as a high school student in a backwards area in China to know the world — the real world," said one letter from Northwest China.
October: By early October, RFA was devoting considerable air time to the Chinese government's harsh moves against prominent dissidents, including the arrest of Liu Xiaobo and the trial, sentencing and rejected appeal of Tiananmen activist Wang Dan. RFA's extensive pre-trial coverage of the Wang Dan case included 18 segments of interviews with Wang's mother and father from Beijing and former Tiananmen associates, as well as analysis by political commentators, human rights experts and former Attorney general Richard Thornburg. After the verdict was announced RFA broadcast 27 post-trial interviews, reaction pieces from throughout Asia and analysis — including a heart-rending interview with Wang's mother. RFA also followed up the verdict with an in-depth panel discussion on the legal aspects of the case with two experts on Chinese law.
October 18: The official English language China Daily ran the headline: "Radio Free Asia Shut Up" and accused Washington of using news in a "trick" to undermine political and stability and "to create chaos and disturbance." The editorial said, "Radio Free Asia had just better shut up, since the Asian people have become sick and tired of the endless harangue from America." RFA President Richard Richter took that to mean that RFA had already made an impression.
November: While U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher visited China, The China Youth Daily slammed RFA, saying it had an "ugly face" and a "shameful mission" of inciting Asians to overthrow their governments.
November 22: RFA moved into a permanent home in Washington, D.C. at offices vacated by National Public Radio at 2025 M Street NW. It took RFA's technical operations staff less than three months to build out the entire space with studios, offices and broadcaster cubicles.
December: RFA's Tibetan Service launched with programming in the Uke dialect.
The Mandarin service expanded to a one-hour format and introduced numerous news programs. RFA's special commentators, including renowned journalist Liu Binyan, looked at topics ranging from China's stock market to legal reform to new archival findings about the origins of the Korean War. The expanded format allowed RFA to move more seriously into covering artistic and literary affairs.
Listener response continued to be positive and many wrote that they went went out of their way to get to their radios during the morning and evening broadcast times: "Despite the short length of your program, I now get up every morning and spend the entire hour between 7 and 8 a.m. with my radio turned to your station." Others said RFA's broadcast time was too short and asked for more broadcast time around noon.
1997 New Services, Special Programming from Hong Kong, Jamming Begins
Top Story: RFA hosted a visit by the Dalai Lama, who stressed the importance of the Tibetan service to him and to others within Tibet and in exile.
February: RFA launched its Vietnamese Service which Vietnam begins jamming immediately.
RFA launched its Burmese Service. Burmese Democracy Leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi welcomed RFA and its role in providing non-government controlled news in Burma: "What Burma needs is, like Radio Free Asia, voices and views from the rest of the free world….there are three newspapers in Burma and all of those newspapers are controlled by the government. Therefore, it is very important for us to be able to hear the views of others, the views of our own people and news and features that do not reflect the news of the government. It is a powerful source of strength for us to know that a radio station like Radio Free Asia has been established to broadcast, with absolute freedom, the views of the world as well as those of the people of Burma."
RFA Mandarin began the weekly "Different Voices" program, hosted by RFA's Jill Ku, providing Chinese listeners with extended profiles and interviews of prominent Chinese both in China and overseas. RFA also started a new program "Cross-Straits Crossfire" which examines issues to relating to Taiwan-Mainland relations. The Hong Kong bureau began a "Hong Kong Countdown" program which features interviews with Hong Kong Chinese from all walks of life — from activists to cab drivers — and asked them about their lives, their family histories and their hopes and fears for the July transition to Chinese rule.
March: RFA launched its Korean Service with service to North Korea. RFA rented a small office in Seoul, South Korea.
May: Tibetan Service added programming with Kham and Amdo dialects.
RFA opened its Tokyo, Japan office.
June: RFA opened its Taipei, Taiwan office.
North Korea began jamming the Korean broadcasts.
June and July: RFA undertook an ambitious 12-day special program from Hong Kong focused on the return of Hong Kong to China on July 1 of that year. RFA broadcast from the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center. The programming included a one-hour daily live broadcast and a record-setting three-hour live broadcast of the July 1 handover ceremony. The Hong Kong special got a head start by beginning its programming before CNN and other major networks.
August: RFA launched its service to Laos.
August 18: China began jamming RFA's Mandarin broadcasts on most frequencies.
September: RFA launched its service to Cambodia, in Khmer language.
One year after its first broadcast, RFA was broadcasting 17 hours a day in all of the countries mandated by Congress.
October: Jamming of Tibetan broadcasts began.
1998 – More Overseas Office Openings and Website Launches
Top Story: RFA broadcast coverage relating to the 10th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown. This included live reporting from the Square on June 4; and a 14-part series of interviews with the victims' family members—most of whom had never spoken out—that was turned into a CD and distributed free to listeners by request.
The Clinton Administration and Congress discussed ways of promoting democracy and human rights in China other than through denying normal trade relation trade benefits. One suggestion was to dramatically increase funds to expand Radio Free Asia and Voice of America broadcasting into China. The Radio Free Asia Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-261) authorized $22 million for broadcasting in FY1999, plus $8 million for one-time capital costs.
February 1: RFA opened its Bangkok, Thailand office.
March 1: RFA officially opened its Seoul, South Korea office.
May: RFA launched its Cantonese Service.
By mid-year RFA had created a true digital, all-access facility, capable of moving audio files quickly across multiple audio systems. Few radio stations had until now been able to achieve this. RFA became the first subject in a series of Radio World articles called Transition to Digital.
June 24: RFA journalists Xiaoming Feng and Arin Basu meet with President Clinton at The White House. The interview, completed minutes before Clinton's departure for China, was meant to display support for RFA after China withdrew visas for them as well as for the visa that had been granted to RFA producer Pat Hindman. Clinton told our reporters that he knew that they were "bitterly disappointed and angry" and said that the Chinese authorities had "made a big mistake." He also said that he would ask China to stop jamming RFA broadcasts.
August 15: RFA opened its office in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It included two digital editing stations and a production studio used heavily by the Khmer, Lao and Vietnamese services.
September 13: RFA opened its office in Dharamsala, India.
October: RFA launched its website, which provides audio broadcasts and additional written material.
Major Stories: In the aftermath of the May 7, 1999 NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, RFA's coverage of the bombing and demonstrations was extensive in its Mandarin, Cantonese, Tibetan, and Uyghur programs. RFA reported apologies by the U.S. and NATO, which the Chinese media had failed to mention. Listeners who responded to the call-in programs were critical of both the U.S. and the Chinese government's handling of the demonstrations. Throughout the Kosovo crisis, RFA reported on the suffering due to ethnic cleansing, which the Chinese media portrayed as a product of NATO bombing.
Hong Kong commentator and labor activist Han Dongfang exposed a series of strikes, demonstrations and worker unrest throughout China on his program Labor Corner. These events had never been reported by mainland Chinese or foreign media.
January 15: The BBG's report to Congress focuses on the continuing efforts of RFA to counter the suppression of its programming including broadcasting into China via multiple transmission sites and on varying frequencies.
July: RFA launched the only international Uyghur service, targeting listeners in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China and in Central Asia.
July 30: RFA obtained permanent transmitter sites on the islands of Saipan and Tinian, respectively, in the Northern Marianas Islands. CFO Patrick Taylor considered RFA's purchase, which is now managed by the IBB, to be an early major breakthrough for RFA.
Congress appropriated $22 million in FY1999 for RFA to expand its broadcasting to 24 hours a day into China and continue broadcasting into five other Asian target countries.
2000 – Covering Korea
Major Story: RFA reported extensively on China's spy trial and expulsion of scholar Gao Zhan. An academic at American University, Gao subsequently broadcast on-air columns exclusive to the Mandarin Service.
May 1: RFA opened its Ankara, Turkey office.
Major Story: RFA breaks the first news that Chinese authorities had detained 23 people suspected of leaking documents related to Beijing's 1989 military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators.
May 15: RFA opens its New Dehli, India office.
Major Story: RFA broke stories about the Chinese government's crackdown on minority Uyghurs and the existence of a system of forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
September 1: RFA closes its Tokyo office after six years due to cost-cutting measures.
2004 – Websites For All Of RFA's Services
Major Story: RFA's Khmer Service made news worldwide by reporting on the plight of Montagnard refugees stranded in the Cambodian jungle.
September 20th: RFA websites in nine Asian languages plus English and several additional dialects were launched. Conversion systems were introduced in order to display Uyghur and Cantonese in all scripts of the same languages. For example, Uyghurs can choose to read the news in Arabic, Cyrillic or in Latin-based script. Cantonese speakers can read the news in traditional or simplified characters.
2005 – RFA Begins Podcasts and RSS feeds, Rebiya Kadeer Arrives in U.S.
Major Stories: RFA Khmer gave extensive coverage to Prime Minister Hun Sen's ongoing crackdown on human rights activists and independent media, as well as preparations for a U.N.-led tribunal aimed at bringing Khmer Rouge leaders to justice.
March 17: Rebiya Kadeer, a prominent businesswoman and political activist from China's northwestern region of Xinjiang, and a member of the mostly Muslim Uyghur ethnic minority, was released early from prison on medical grounds into United States' custody in advance of a visit by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice to China. On March 17th, Kadeer flew to the U.S. and joined her family in Washington, D.C. after spending five years in prison, two of which were spent in solitary confinement. RFA's Arin Basu interviewed Kadeer after her arrival to the U.S. about her plans to help the Uyghur People.
All RFA broadcast programming is made available via podcast as well as RSS feeds.
2006 – RFA Joins YouTube
Major Story: The Vietnamese Service reported extensively on a new democracy movement called Bloc 8406, named for the date of its founding. The police have harassed and detained some of the group's members, but Vietnam's state-run media have suppressed the story.
RFA launches multiple channels on YouTube offering our language services' video production and redistributing citizen journalist content.
RFA now has 10 unique interactive Web sites, nine in Asian languages with 11 scripts, which add a multimedia dimension to RFA's broadcasts and encourage citizen-journalists to submit content for eyewitness reports.
December: RFA renovated and expanded its Seoul, South Korea office.
2007 – The Dawn of Citizen Journalism
Major Stories: Burma's "Saffron Revolution" dominated news coverage from Southeast Asia in 2007. RFA played a unique and critical role in bringing both the peaceful uprising and the junta's deadly crackdown to world attention. RFA Burmese broke news of the initial violence, which sparked escalating protests and led ultimately to a crackdown in September in which dozens were killed, thousands taken into custody, and many tortured.
Eye-witness accounts, mostly in the form of videos and photos taken with cell phones, reach our news room. Our editors – researching and vetting this budding citizen journalism – integrated this new form of reporting to our daily offerings online.
As a result, RFA online is a vibrant community of virtual friends, sharing views and information, taking part in citizen discourse that their respective governments deny them.
RFA Lao produced a series revealing that countless Lao women seeking an escape from poverty end up as sex workers in Laos and neighboring Thailand.
Major Stories: In addition to its reporting of the devastating April Sichuan earthquake, RFA's Mandarin and Cantonese services provided extensive coverage of the Chinese government's crackdown on media and dissent in the run-up to the Beijing Olympics, despite authorities' pledges for greater openness. RFA tracked the post-Olympic tightening of media restrictions and the crackdown on civil liberty groups, such as Charter 08.
RFA's Tibetan Service, broadcasting in Uke, Amke, and Khamke, led the world in its coverage of the March unrest in Lhasa. RFA's groundbreaking reporting is profiled by the Wall Street Journal, NHK Japan and others and RFA's reports are picked up by major wire services and prestigious media around the world.
2009 – RFA Joins Facebook and Twitter
Major Stories: The Burmese Service provided extensive coverage of the trial of Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest. RFA interviewed her lawyer, U Kyi Win, whose request for the trial to be open to the public was denied.
April: The Khmer Service began webcasts of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal along with extended broadcast coverage. The service also reported on the Cambodian government's ongoing campaign of legal intimidation against the country's journalists.
June: The Mandarin Service covered the 20th anniversary of the crackdown of protesters in Tiananmen Square with interviews of survivors and multimedia images and exclusive video online. RFA covered the one-year anniversary of the deadly Sichuan earthquake and questions that remain, as parents of the children who died in a shoddily constructed school building attempt to bring their case before a Chinese court of law.
July: During the Uyghur demonstration, RFA closely covered events in China's northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and throughout the mainland. RFA broke the news about the Guangdong factory riot that led to the protests. Despite the media blackout enforced by Chinese authorities, RFA continued to provide solid eyewitness news coverage cited by The Associated Press, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Reuters, and South China Morning Post.
Throughout the year, the Lao Service reported on Thai plans to forcibly repatriate 5,000 Hmong refugees back to Laos. RFA's reporting included the May pullout of Doctors Without Borders from Huay Nam Khao camp and the swift Thai military operation that emptied the camp.
In addition to the RFA YouTube channel, all RFA services now have branded Facebook pages and Twitter accounts. RFA introduced cell-phone-ready feeds for the Mandarin and Korean services and launched a special, comprehensive video series on the Mekong River ahead of the World Summit on Climate Change in Copenhagen.
2010 – Permanent Authorization for RFA, A Nobel Prize for Liu Xiaobo
Top Stories: With the naming of imprisoned Chinese democracy activist Liu Xiaobo as the winner of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, RFA's Mandarin service covered the crackdown on Liu's friends, family, colleagues, and fellow activists in the months ahead of the December 10 ceremony in Oslo, Norway. This included pressure placed on Liu's wife, who was put under house arrest, as well as travel restrictions on Liu's attorney, and Chinese rights lawyers and activists.
The Korean Service broke the news worldwide about a poster in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang that suggests the dictatorship, despite public claims otherwise, was taking responsibility for the sinking of a South Korean Navy ship, the Cheonan. The poster, a photograph of which RFA obtained exclusively, shows a helmeted sailor smashing a ship similar to the Cheonan with a fist and in translation reads, "We will smash you with a single blow if attacked."
The Burmese Service began offering its listeners the opportunity to engage freed political prisoner Aung San Suu Kyi on a weekly basis. The radio forum, the first of its kind to feature the Nobel laureate and democracy icon, allows listeners to ask her questions on any subject of their choice from sanctions to democratic reform. In addition, the Burmese service extensively covered reaction and analysis of the election, and interviewed former U.S. First Lady Laura Bush, an advocate for human rights in Burma.
The Cantonese Service broke the news that China's Daya Bay nuclear power plant near Hong Kong had leaked radioactive iodine from an improperly sealed fuel rod. The coverage was widely picked up by local Hong Kong television, radio, and print news.
Permanent Authorization For RFA
RFA has been funded by Congressional appropriations each year since it began broadcasting but it has never been permanently authorized. Rather, its continued existence is dependent on annual legislation extending its life from fiscal year to fiscal year. In 2010, RFA's grant funding was scheduled to run out on September 30. This uncertainty eventually led to overseas rumors of the imminent closure of some or all of RFA's nine language services.
Bills were introduced in the House and Senate to amend the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 to make permanent the authority of the BBG to make grants to operate RFA. The legislation states that Radio Free Asia provides a vital voice to people in Asia and that permanently authorizing funding for Radio Free Asia would (A) reflect the concern that media censorship and press restrictions in the countries served by RFA have increased since RFA was established; and (B) send a powerful signal of our Nation's support for free press in Asia and throughout the world.
At the same time, Freedom House, which monitors press freedom throughout the world, documents in its Freedom of the Press Index that censorship and intimidation of the media have worsened in the areas served by RFA, particularly in the last five years.
March 11: U.S. Senator Dick Lugar of Indiana introduces S.3104, legislation that would promote the free disemination of information in East Asia through the permanent authorization of Radio Free Asia. Additional sponsors of the bill are Senators Kaufman, Franken, Inouye, Risch and Webb. The bill referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
"Recent high-profile cyber attacks underscore the reality that certain governments still believe in blocking uncensored news from their citizens," Senator Lugar said. "Permanent legal authority for Radio Free Asia would send a strong signal that the U.S. supports freedom of the press across the globe."
March 18: Companion legislation is introduced in the House of Representatives by Rep. Ed Royce of California (co-sponsored by Reps. Berman, Ros-Lehtinen, and Schiff) as House Resolution 4886, which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The House version of the bill has 31 co-sponsors.
"With this legislation, Radio Free Asia can continue to bring its message of freedom, democracy, and respect for the rule of law – creating a space where civil society can flourish under the continent's oppressive regimes. They cannot hide," declared Royce.
June 25: The Senate passes S.3104 with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.
July 13: President Obama signs S. 3104, providing permanent authorization for Radio Free Asia. The bill become public law.
Over the last 14 years, RFA has brought accurate and timely news to the people of seven Asian countries without a free press. Starting with just two language services, it now broadcasts in nine Asian languages and numerous dialects. It has been honored with a wide variety of prestigious journalism awards over the years for providing factual and impartial news as well as analysis, commentary, and cultural programming.
We will continue to work closely with Congress to support the critical work of RFA, and thank Senator Lugar and Representative Royce for their leadership in advancing this legislation. We look forward to increasing RFA's audience reach in the years to come."
September: RFA's Korean Web Editor develops the first RFA application for iPhone, offering the full length broadcast in Korean. The Broadcasting Board of Governors elected Victor Ashe and Michael Meehan as Chair and Vice-Chair respectively of the corporate board of Radio Free Asia.
December: All RFA services have a mobile website available for smart phones such as iPhones and Androids.
December 10: RFA is in Oslo to cover the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony and the unfolding story. On the same day, RFA launches a new blog which takes a fresh, in-depth look at human rights issues in RFA's broadcast region.
December 17: The Broadcasting Board of Governors passed this resolution celebrating and commemorating RFA's 15 years of impact broadcasting.
2011 – Fifteen Years Of Bringing Free Press To Closed Societies
Major Stories: China's quelling of news related to the revolts in the Middle East prompted many sources, including Reuters, to cite RFA's reports about media censorship and Web filtering within the mainland. Human rights groups pointed to RFA stories about abuses that were also picked up widely. RFA continues to report on the increasing crackdown against dissidents and activists in China as Chinese authorities round up more bloggers and activists such as prominent artist Ai Weiwei, who remains unheard from since his detention on April 3rd. RFA's also features extensive coverage of the food shorage in North Korea.
January 5: RFA breaks the story of the Vietnamese police attacking a U.S. Embassy official and barring him from meeting with a dissident Catholic priest in central Vietnam. Christian Marchant, a political officer with the U.S. embassy in Hanoi, was roughed up outside the home for retired priests in Hue where Nguyen Van Ly, 63, is being held under house arrest after being released from jail on medical parole last year. The New York Times and several other publications picked up RFA's breaking news.
January 21 – 23: BBG Governor Victor Ashe and RFA Executive Editor Dan Southerland visit RFA's bureau in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. During the visit, they also have a series of high-level meetings with diplomats and civil society leaders including: Mr. Christophe Peschoux, Representative of UN Office for Human Rights in Cambodia; Ms. Kek Galabru, President of the Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights (LICADHO); Mr. Sar Kheng, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Interior; Ms. Carol Rodley, US Ambassador to Cambodia and Mr. Youk Chhang, Director Documentation Center of Cambodia, among others.
March 13: On the heels of the Dalai Lama's announcement of his intention to hand over political leadership of the Tibetan government in exile to the next prime minister, RFA's Tibetan service hosted a live debate with the three final candidates vying to be elected the head (or "Kalon Tripa") of the Central Tibetan Administration on Sunday, March 13. The debate was broadcast live via short-wave radio, satellite television, and webcast as part of RFA Tibetan's series of seven town hall-style events being held in Tibetan exile settlements in India and featuring parliamentary candidates ahead of the March 20 general exile government elections.
April 27: RFA Hosts First Interview with Exile Tibetan Prime Minister-Elect Lobsang Sangay. The declared winner of the Tibetan exile government elections, Lobsang Sangay, gave Radio Free Asia's Tibetan service his first interview since being named Prime Minister-elect.
Site Map
While much has changed at RFA since we began in 1996, our mission has remained the same: to advance the principles of the fundamental right to the free-flow of information and the right to seek, receive, and impart information.
Please take a moment to explore this webpage where you can revisit important milestones, accomplishments, and moments from RFA's early days to the present.
—Libby Liu, President of RFA
BBG resolution
RFA Home Page
Contact Us
Media Inquiries:
Rohit Mahajan
Media Relations Manager
Email: email@example.com
Telephone: (202) 530-4976
RFA Headquarters and Mailing Address:
Radio Free Asia
2025 M Street NW
Suite 300
Washington, DC 20036 USA
Telephone: (202) 530-4900


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Patagonia Untracked Pants
Thoroughly tested and tweaked by our snow ambassadors, the Untracked Pants have a newly refined silhouette that moves with you and won't bunch or slow you down. The premium fabric package combines a supple, yet resilient 3-layer nylon GORE-TEX® fabric for waterproof/breathable and windproof protection with a soft, brushed interior to increase warmth and manage moisture while minimizing bulk. A DWR (durable water repellent) finish prevents saturation. The highly articulated fit and flexed pattern at the knees allow exceptional mobility charging. Mesh-lined thigh vents with Vislon® zippers circulate air to reduce heat buildup; gaiters with gripper elastic, a snow-shedding nylon liner between the gaiter and interior cuff, and a DWR finish create a tenacious seal for serious postholing. Other features include watertight, coated Slim Zips to reduce bulk and weight; burly scuff guards; slick taffeta at the waist; adjustable tabs to fine-tune the fit; an embedded RECCO® avalanche rescue reflector; and five zippered pockets: two handwarmers, two thigh pockets and one rear pocket.
- Durable yet soft supple 3-layer nylon waterproof/breathable GORE-TEX® fabric combined with a brushed tricot backer for extra warmth
Waist details: soft, self fabric lining repels moisture; adjustable elastic tabs customize fit; grown-on belt loops; two-snap closure and zip fly; webbing loop on rear yoke attaches pants to powder skirt on any Patagonia® Snow jacket
- Watertight, coated zippers with Slim Zip installation reduce bulk and weight; watertight Vislon® side vents are durable and easy to use
- Articulated patterning for mobility; mesh-lined thigh vents quickly release heat and keep out snow
- Gaiters seal out snow; tough scuff guards protect inside of leg and bottom hem. New for the season, weve added a lining in between the gaiter and hem to help repel snow
- Zippered pockets: two handwarmers; two thigh cargo- one back pocket
- Concealed RECCO® reflector
- Shell: 3-layer, 5.13-oz 70-denier 100% nylon plain-weave GORE-TEX® fabric with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish. Brushed backer: 75 denier 100% polyester. Lining at lower interior cuff: 1.2-oz 20-denier 100% nylon ripstop
- Weight: 678 g (23.9 oz)
- Weatherproof: The construction of 3-Layer GORE-TEX® Products is unique. A 3-layer GORE-TEX® membrane is sandwiched between a soft outer material and a knit polyester backing material that increases durability. These garments keep you comfortable and protected from the elements without adding extra bulk or weight.
The GORE-TEX® membrane has 9 billion pores per square inch, with each pore 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet. These tiny holes are too small for water and wind to pass through from the outside. But these same pores are large enough for moisture vapor to pass through, so your bodys perspiration is able to escape and you won't feel clammy or uncomfortable inside your jacket.
¿Quieres más productos de la marca Patagonia? En trekkinn, tu tienda online de montaña, tienes a tu disposición un gran número de productos relacionados con Patagonia Untracked Pants. En estos momentos Patagonia Untracked Pants se encuentra en stock.
Ver más artículos de:Patagonia - Ropa hombre - Pantalones funda
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NEUCS 2012 Abstract Submission Form
Please complete the following form to submit your abstract to the New England Undergraduate Computing Symposium for 2012. We will review the abstracts on a rolling basis and let you know if your project has been accepted fairly soon! You may present a poster of your work and/or give a demo of your work at the symposium. We also want you to create a webpage (googlesites makes that easy!) describing your project
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Full name
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Your college or university
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Title of your project
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Your year in college
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Type of Project
Please select the category which best fits your project.
Project from an Intro class
Project from an upper level class
Senior Honors Thesis or Project
Extracurricular Projects
Research Project
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Type of presentation
Please pick one or more of the following options
poster (which you will explain in a poster session)
demo (using your laptop during a poster session)
10 minute presentation
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Description of your project
Write a paragraph or two about your project. Give a clear explanation of what you have done and why it is interesting and exciting.
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Webpage for your project
Please provide (or create) a webpage for your project. We suggest you include some screen shots if applicable, a brief description of your project, and a picture of you and your team (if any) smiling about the great work you've done! (Google sites is one option!)
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Please list any other members of your project and their year in college. They will be listed as coauthors in the program. You may also include any research or faculty mentors.
Other members of your project will have to register using the general attendee registration form available April 2nd. Note: you will be automatically registered to attend the conference and have lunch, but the other members must register as participants so we know who is coming.
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We challenge our students to excel by offering specialized courses with Clemson's best professors; by encouraging participation in a wide range of innovative learning experiences on campus, across America, and around the world; and by promoting intellectual engagement through formal and informal interactions with other Clemson students, staff and faculty. We encourage our students to create their own ideal education, by sponsoring programs such as study abroad and undergraduate research, and by providing individualized funding for internships, educational travel and professional development. Whether you're a prospective student or already enrolled, the Calhoun Honors College is here for you.
Joey Wilson, from Duncan, SC, is a member of the Honors College who is majoring in bioengineering and global studies, and is president of Clemson's Undergraduate Student Government. He has been name a Schwarzman Scholar. This prestigious scholarship sends 129 men and women from 30 countries to study for one year at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Read more here.
Clemson University | 180 Core Campus | Clemson, SC 29634-5106 | 864-656-4762 | Email: Calhoun Honors College


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Mine Safety and Health Administration
Contact: Rodney Brown
Phone: (703) 235-1452
Released Thursday, December 14, 2000
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. will pay $513,000 in civil penalties under an agreement with the U.S. Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration to settle violations cited in the wake of an explosion at its Gramercy, La., plant last year. The company also agreed to adopt tough new safety standards that are in line with industry standards. The new standards go beyond MSHA's requirements.
"American workers have a fundamental right to a safe and healthful workplace," said Secretary of Labor Alexis M. Herman. "This agreement goes a long way towards protecting workers at the Gramercy plant from similar accidents in the future."
The accident occurred on July 5, 1999 when excessive pressure built up in several large processing tanks, causing an explosion that devastated the plant and injured 29 workers. MSHA conducted an investigation and issued citations for multiple violations of federal safety regulations.
"As a result of this agreement, Kaiser will pay $513,000 the largest civil penalty ever paid to MSHA for a non-fatal accident," said Davitt McAteer, assistant secretary of labor for mine safety and health.
In addition to the civil penalty, two Kaiser officials will each pay $12,500 for violations they had reason to know existed. A digestion supervisor was cited for failing to insure that the digestion pressure vessels were operated within design capacity, and the digestion superintendent was cited for an inadequate safety examination of the area in the month before the explosion.
Under the settlement, Kaiser will operate its Gramercy plant in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Compliance with these industry consensus standards is not mandatory in Louisiana.
In addition, representatives of Kaiser and the United Steel Workers of America,will perform a comprehensive safety and health audit of the Gramercy operation at least semi-annually, and report results to Kaiser management and the union. For each safety or health problem identified in the audit, Kaiser will specify how and when the hazard will be abated.
The settlement agreement between MSHA and Kaiser was approved by Administrative Law Judge Gary Melick of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission on Dec. 13, 2000. The full text of the settlement agreement appears on MSHA's Web site at www.msha.gov.
Copies are available in two formats. Use the links below to obtain copies.
ï¿ PDF
ï¿ Microsoft Word®
Exhibit A
ï¿ PDF
ï¿ Microsoft Word®


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Vanderbilt Master of Accountancy 2010
Manager, Advisory - Regulatory Risk at KPMG
Though no official statistics exist, Charlotte Nicholson is likely the only gold-medal winner (much less multiple gold-medal winner) in Owen's history.
As a six-year member of the U.S. women's national in-line hockey team — she's been playing the sport since she was eight, usually as the only girl on the team — Charlotte has earned three golds, two silvers and a bronze. She's won other rewards, too, she says; competing internationally also has enabled her to make friends with hockey players from Japan and Colombia (Colombia!?) to Finland.
Though she continues to play hockey, Charlotte decided to pursue accounting as her career. "Accounting just made sense to me," she says. As a senior at Duke, she attended an information session for Owen's MAcc program. "I was blown away by what Owen had to offer: the small class size; the focus on communications, leadership and teamwork; and the opportunity to take classes and have an internship all in one year. The program is very challenging, but working with such a diverse group of smart, motivated and friendly people is amazing. Going to Owen is one of the best choices I've ever made."
The program also helped her score what she set as her most important goal (at least off the ice). Upon graduation, she won a position with a top public accounting firm.


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Keith Urban on 'Idol' Competition: 'It's 'The Hunger Games"
'American Idol' is a serious competition and Keith Urban is well aware of how tough the competition can be.
'American Idol' is a serious competition and Keith Urban is well aware of how tough the competition can be.
Season 13 of 'American Idol' is knee deep in the audition phase, where the cream is rising to the top. On Wednesday (Jan. 29), one such contestant was Casey Thrasher, a 22-year-old father of two with a golden voice and a passionate desire to provide for his children by doing what he loves. The Alabaman made us believe with his cover of Brooks and Dunn's 'Believe.'
Finally, what every 'American Idol' fan has been waiting for ... the judging panel for Season 13 has finally been revealed.
Keith Urban is the last man standing when it comes to 'American Idol.'
Scotty McCreery is right up there with Carrie Underwood (and, to an extent, Kelly Clarkson) as one of the most successful country music alums from 'American Idol.' Over the weekend, McCreery -- who won Season 10 back in 2011 and is prepping his sophomore album -- took to Twitter to give fans the inside scoop on how the show works. He lived it, so he would know.
As had been rumored for a while, Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj have both publicly confirmed that they are leaving 'American Idol' after this season, following the announcement that Randy Jackson was also retiring. This leaves Keith Urban as the last judge standing, though perhaps not for long.
Been there, done that.
Kelly Clarkson, the original 'American Idol,' won't revisit her former stomping grounds, despite rumors. The pop-country diva will not take a seat at the judge's table for Season 13 in 2014, which is expected to be totally revamped and overhauled with a new set of celebrity panelists.
If you think you're Kree Harrison or Candice Glover's most passionate fan, think again. A couple in Pennsylvania were arrested and charged with aggravated assault after an argument over the 'American Idol' season finale led to a fight that ended with them stabbing each other.
Most average people hate their jobs, toiling away to earn a wage and to make ends meet. It is a rare and precious few who get to do what they love for a living, and Keith Urban is one of those fortunate folks when it comes to being a judge on the embattled 'American Idol.' The singer and guitarist wants to return to his seat for Season 13 in 2014 and with good reason.
Country's own Kree Harrison was revealed as the runner-up on the twelfth season of 'American Idol' in the dramatic finale Thursday night (May 16), and in an interview after the show, she shared some of her future plans.


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Champagne & Sparkling
Other Australia
My Rating (circle) :
Date Printed: 7/22/2017
Jansz Premium Rose
Jansz Premium Rose
search item no.
has fluid
has fluid 360
has large label
has bottle ishot
Australian Wine Companion rating:
93 points
Wilfred Wong of Wine.com rating:
92 points
Winemaker's Notes:
The Jansz Premium NV Rosé is based upon Jansz wines of several vintages. Specially selected and crafted individual batches from cool climate locations in Tasmania, form this wine. Every site used to source grapes is specifically designated to growing fruit for sparkling wine. All batches are kept separate during winemaking to maximise blending options and the complexity of the final wines. The wine then goes through secondary fermentation in bottles and is aged on yeast lees for as long as possible with the average age of the final blend being 18 months to two years.
My Notes:
Additional wines from Jansz:
Premium Cuvee
search item no.
About Jansz:
Jansz vineyards lie in the Tamar Valley along the Northern Tasmanian route at the heart of Tasmania's Pipers River region, an area known worldwide as "Sparkling Tasmania." With a mantle of red basalt soils and a cool climate moderated by its close proximity to the ocean, it is ideal for the slow ripening of fruit and lingering acidity so essential to the production of premium sparkling wine. In fact, the area's climate so resembled Champagne and Burgundy that several leading French Champagne houses considered basing new operations there.