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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
An approach to consider computers and connected computer systems using structural, time, and information redundancies is proposed. An application of redundancy for reconfigurability and recoverability of computers and connected computer systems is discussed, gaining performance, reliability, and power-saving in operation. A paradigm of recoverability is introduced and, if followed, shifts connected computer systems toward real-time applications. Use of redundancy for connected computers is analysed in terms of recoverability, where two supportive algorithms of forward and backward tracing are proposed and explained. As an example, growth of mission reliability is formulated.
The human world evolves and progresses by applying knowledge derived from observations of and familiarity with repeatable aspects of nature. Our perceptions, understanding, and ability to model reality enables us to develop the policies, processes, and products required, in order to attempt to control the behaviour of natural phenomena, or human-made objects.
Nature tends to achieve stable and reliable progress (sustainable growth) and avoid regression and degradation. Sustainable growth can be considered as a fundamental descriptor of living matter, while regression and degradation are descriptors of dead matter. A clear differentiation between live and dead is required, but, so far, there has been no substantial research, or projects, on it.
The authors of this paper believe that the fundamental distinction and difference between living processes and dead matter is
Essentially, recoverability in the system is based on the ability to use available redundancy to recover from environmental, or internal impacts and shocks. Two things are worth mentioning here: first—redundancy is necessary for recoverability, and second—redundancy must be deliberately introduced into systems, policies, and processes to make them resilient and efficient.
The recoverability approach and its analysis, application, and conceptual development in the domain of computers is one of the aims of this paper. The second aim is the analysis of the phases required for the implementation of recoverability for stand-alone and connected computers.
Usually, connected computer systems display fluctuations due to changes in the underlying systems. Reasons for this may include, for instance, workload, software completeness, consistency, and size of applications, or changes and shocks emanating from their environment. So far, networks sporadically and inconsistently exploit recoverability phenomena to tolerate these various fluctuations.
Connected computer (further CC) systems can be considered in terms of time,
Natural recoverability phenomena exist in almost any natural system, but we do not understand them. Hence, we cannot specify how the algorithm works and therefore, use it properly. This is exactly the purpose of the methodology proposed in this paper. In a practical sense, an understanding of recoverability enables us to advocate for the re-design of the whole world of CC systems, making them resilient to internal and external fluctuations.
Let us consider a case: an element is deformed by environmental impact. Destructive deformation of the element could cause the loss of its properties.
Let's assume an element has internal structural resources (redundancy). Redundancy of the element structure might enable the element to return to its previous state, or condition, after impact. The external impact does not change the element, if redundancy is applied and sufficient. A second impact might occur and be tolerated in exactly the same way. Let us now consider a situation where the element has properties of being alive, such as amoeba.
If an amoeba has sufficient resources available to it to use and to protect itself from the destructive energy of the environment or an impact, it will recover and continue to live—the amoeba exhibits redundancy in order to survive.
If the external event is repeated, the amoeba can self-tune and be able to react to the impact faster, tolerate the event for longer, and as a consequence, suffer less long-term damage. The external event itself might be periodic heat from the sun, cold water, fire or gas, electric discharge,
Having sufficient internal redundancy to tolerate repeated external impacts caused by various events makes recovery possible. Live matter differs from man-made systems in terms of the time required for recovery and the use of available redundancy. The speed of recovery increases when the impact is the same. Here, "recovery training" takes place and either the level of redundancy, or speed of recovery, or both increase. A sequence of impacts and element recovery is presented in
Periodic impacts, element's time to recover.
The circles show the state of an element over time, where green indicates an element in a good, or acceptable steady state and red indicates an element under recovery.
Where the element may be considered alive, such as in the case of the amoeba, using redundancy for recovery can reduce the time it takes to react to the same event, provided the event is periodic. Thus, life might be defined as the following:
The adaptability of the live element has its limits.
Thus, our design of information processing systems, computers, especially complex systems such as connected computers, can be measured in terms of efficiency of recovery/resilience in comparison with wildlife phenomena, where available redundancy is used and adaptability grows. In other words, how good we are at designing our systems to be adaptable can be checked against living objects.
What is the point of this? Without external repeatability of events, evolution is hardly possible; having internal redundancy to recover is not enough. Evolution depends on the repetition of the same external events—
The adaptability of a live element to a repeated external stimulus has its own limits.
It means, for example, that the merit of sending a NASA probe searching for advanced forms of life on asteroids is worth questioning. An asteroid does not have the repeatability of environmental events during its flight. Even if life forms were there initially, their redundancy was spent for nothing in attempting to tolerate sporadic impacts.
How is this two-part introduction about recoverability and reconfigurability related to CC systems? At first, nature-made living systems are much more reliable and resilient than human-made ones. Therefore, some of the key principles of "mother nature designs" are good to adapt for CCs. Secondly, an analysis of existing technologies and applications, even if it is brief one, might highlight what is required to make our designs smarter.
Further, commercially and technologically speaking, we will address recoverability and other properties that might be required for connected computer systems. Why do we need to make this clear? Market segmentation in computer and CC systems might be reduced, or eliminated, enabling unified and modernized technologies to be applied.
We will discuss properties such as reliability and some ways to achieve it, using deliberate redundancy and recoverability when required. We extend redundancy from fault tolerance to PRE-smart system design. PRE here stands for Performance-, Reliability-, and Energy-smart systems. Later, we will be able to estimate the efficiency of redundancy use for reconfigurability and recoverability for CC systems, balancing the trade-off between PRE properties.
CC technologies in general are divided into two almost independent clusters: Communication and Computer, as
Connected computers—technologies and applications.
The Communication cluster deals with various media (wired, wireless) using different signal carriers (copper, fibre, air). The cluster faces problems of complexity and the volume of data that needs to be transferred, together with requirements of timely data delivery over complex interconnected networks.
The Computer cluster addresses all three zones of information processing to make them faster and technologically feasible. The different zones differ semantically in terms of information processing: Active, Passive, and Interfacing. The Active zone is the one where information is transformed and is currently known: in the form of complex instruction set computers (CISC), reduced instruction set computers (RISC), single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architecture, and multiple instructions multiple data (MIMD) architectures. Flynn's [
Historically, computer systems were not really fit for the purpose of working within CC systems, which reduces our expectations when addressing the aspect of distributed computing by design. Attempts, such as a transputer, also prove that introducing distributiveness into CC is challenging and not an easy task. CC systems such as the Internet and Ethernet are expanding enormously in terms of data transfer, video, audio, and e-mails and are moving in a strange direction, allowing home-makers, young people, financial sector operatives, and bureaucrats communicate and "deliver their messages and instructions".
All of the aforementioned applications are not critical in terms of real-time operation; VOIP requires some traffic shaping to deliver packages with time and other constraints, known as Quality of Service. This is what the vast majority of CC systems are using. At the moment, according to various sources, around two billion IP addresses are allocated permanently. This prodigious amount of data requires handling procedures that need to be much more effective, as everyday life becomes dependent on the "health" of CC systems. There is a visible shift in the distributed computing paradigm (using distributed, connected computers to solve large-scale tasks), toward distributed databases, financial services such as ATM, and so-called "cloud computing". Putting scepticism aside and leaving other papers and researchers to discuss what is the real technological progress of cloud computing, we note here only that the efficiency of large-scale applications, including cloud computing, depends on the algorithmic skeleton—graphs of data, control and address dependencies [
To be effective, distributed computing requires a periodic "tuning" of the CC topology and computers as the elements in that topology. These tunings of application software, system software, topology, and internal structure of the computers should be handled statically, before execution and supported dynamically, during execution.
So far, there has been no visible progress in this direction, in spite of substantial investment under the flag of cloud computing. At the same time, there is a segment of human life that really requires attention and the involvement of CC: safety-critical, real-time active control systems, military applications, health monitoring,
Therefore, safety critical applications (military, health monitoring, emergency management, air-traffic control, traffic control at large) should emerge and exploit existing connected computers. Two approaches to making CC useful are becoming obvious: the application of existing CC to wider and more challenging areas and the use of specially-built, safety-critical systems for "common" applications, as a part of the family of CC.
Ignoring any of theses approaches will lead to bigger market clustering and industry segmentation, resulting in the communication between entities becoming less efficient and which contributes to increased energy and ecological overheads—an unforgivable waste of resources for human race.
How should we avoid this segmentation in technology and market clustering? Certainly, a CC system should have some facility to support merging processes, but what are the properties of CC systems that should be avoided? In addition to the requirement for trustworthy CCs (security of hardware, system and application software, and user data), widening CC adoption in terms of application use requires the development of
GAFT was introduced in [
GAFT assumes the execution of several sequential steps related to hardware (HW) and software (SW), in terms of proving the integrity of the system, detection of a fault, defining the "level of damages" and reconfiguration of the hardware and software to correct conditions and configurations in order to continue operation, as
Generalized algorithm of fault tolerance.
Redundancy application for GAFT.
The redundancy types of application for fault tolerant CC systems are well known and based on the categories of structure, information, time and implementations in hardware and software. In
The recovery phase of a GAFT implementation might use various redundancy types, as per [
While we are capable of using redundancy for checking, reconfiguration, and recovery within a CC system, we should ask ourselves:
Introducing system redundancy might allow us to achieve recoverability. We need all the ingredients—redundancy, reconfigurability, and fault modelling—in order to understand and analyse existing mutual dependencies at every stage of the design and development process.
At the same time, redundancy can be used for reconfiguration of the CC system for other purposes such as performance improvement, or power efficiency.
Redundancy and reconfiguration application for PRE systems.
While time and information is understandable in units—seconds and bits, the structure, especially structural redundancy requires some extra effort. Note also that time, information and structure are considered as independent variables. Structural redundancy for our purposes might be measured using the graph-related notation:
Then, our efforts toward the goal of PRE can be measured quantitatively, as a vector of redundancy use:
In determining the cost of each type of redundancy used and describing the steps of an algorithm to achieve performance improvement, even in a simplified version such as that described in
This approach explains, for example, the limitations of system software-based developments using Java—it will always consume more time, hardware, software, and energy to store and process. In other words, we always will waste much more energy than really required.
Furthermore, the over-use of flash-based memory will also add to the energy wastage, as the activation of one memory cell in flash requires the application of power to the bulk of a 64 K, or 64 M memory segment.
The principles of PRE design should be applied to the CC system as a whole, using the redundancy- and reconfigurability-wise approach illustrated here. The "costs" of such redundancies may differ for each of the goals of P, R, or E. That being the case, tables similar to those proposed above have to be crafted individually for various purposes.
A PRE-wise system design is the future. When a computer, or CC system is designed with redundancy and reconfigurability in mind, with possible smart configurations and reconfigurations for PRE purposes, the market segmentation of information computer technologies (ICT) will be reduced dramatically. Therefore, PRE-wise computers will be the best fit for CC systems.
It is worth noting here that the combination of steps in the algorithms described above to implement the declared properties of Performance, Reliability, and Energy saving, are simplifications. The problem is that all these algorithmic implementations are not, in fact, simple sequences. They are most likely to follow a pattern, as presented in [
One approach to cope with these forms of dependencies in the algorithm (or project) phases was introduced in [
Performance improvement algorithm for PRE systems.
Dependencies of project phases.
Whilst the previous section expanded on the idea of a PRE-wise design for computers, it is tempting to apply the same approach to connected computers, making them suitable for real-time and safety-critical applications. It is possible to summarise the differences between computers and connected computer structures with the following:
Redundancy in CC systems already exists (each computer "deals" with neighbour); Latency of threat impact for CC systems is unavoidable; Propagation of threat impact for CC systems is similar to flooding.
Redundancy in CC systems already exists (each computer "deals" with neighbour);
Latency of threat impact for CC systems is unavoidable;
Propagation of threat impact for CC systems is similar to flooding.
Let us look at how recoverability might be achieved in CC systems, applying the schemes proposed above.
However, any threat that appears inside the segment might cause serious problems as its propagation might also damage the structure as well as the elements. Threats here mean physical faults (permanent, or as a malfunction) of hardware, incomplete or deliberately damaged software, viruses, worms,
Thus, the recoverability of a CC system might require more effort and extend GAFT actions, namely:
Find where threat propagates; Estimate damages; Stop propagation; Find source of the threat (internal, or external); Exclude, or block the source; Restore best-fit configuration of hardware; Restore best-fit configuration of system software; Restore best-fit configuration of application software.
Find where threat propagates;
Estimate damages;
Stop propagation;
Find source of the threat (internal, or external);
Exclude, or block the source;
Restore best-fit configuration of hardware;
Restore best-fit configuration of system software;
Restore best-fit configuration of application software.
To make a system of CC useful for real-time applications, one has to introduce exactly the same procedures that form GAFT (
Connected computers topology (fragment).
The potential damages caused as a result of the threat may differ in severity—sometimes substantial and exponentially dangerous, if we do not react accordingly. Existing solutions with local restarts and segmental switching do not comply with the requirements of real-time, or safety-critical applications. To evaluate the efficiency of recovery, we should introduce some criteria.
A CC system has a known interdependency of elements; we are able to present them in the form of probabilities of the possible propagation of a threat (or symptom of a fault) through the topology.
One form of this interdependency, is a graph where the elements are the vertices and the edges are the connecting links, see
"Involvement" in the propagation of a threat along the CC system might be described as a vector P of predicates {pi} that define the condition for each vertex:
Data about each vertex might be accumulated using checking (testing, or online checking, including historic knowledge and their combination), or processed in real time.
Note that for a CC system, we assume flood-like threat propagation; i.e. all adjacent vertices to the initial point, namely for vertex 1, one has to consider adjacency with the 2nd ,6th, and 9th vertices, vertex 11's adjacency to vertex 3 and 10,
Probabilities of threat propagation along a CC system.
The recoverability of CC systems assumes the involvement of two algorithms: Forward Tracing and Backward Tracing. When the symptoms of a threat are manifested through the detection of a change in behaviour at an element, the Tracing algorithm (
Another termination condition for searching the path of threat propagation is obvious—checking all dependent vertices. When all elements have been traced, one can fully guarantee 100% threat checking coverage. Unfortunately, this termination condition might not be feasible, as it becomes scale-dependent on CC system size.
Note here that the probabilistic matrix in
Forward tracing of possible consequences.
In the tracing algorithm, the cumulative probability of threat propagation from one element (vertex) to another along the edges from the suspected node i to node j (possibly via a series of other nodes), is defined as Π(pi,j).
When several paths lead from node di to node dj, all possible Π(pi,j) are ranked and nodes along the paths are included into the set of suspected nodes. This algorithm, called Forward Tracing, is shown in
Starting from the vertex, i, that manifests the threat, its impact is evaluated by searching from d1 to all directly, or indirectly connected nodes (elements). The result of this search is a ranked list of the nodes most likely to be affected - the "consequence" of threat propagation. As the threat paths from each node are evaluated, only the edge with the highest probability is followed at each node. At most, each node is only ever included once in any path to ensure termination in a graph which contains loops.
Unfortunately, the proposed Forward Tracing algorithm does not solve the problem of threat elimination from CC systems and, at its best, can only be part of the solution. The reason is explained in
Another algorithm is required to locate the first damaged node and discover the real reason for its changed behaviour. This second algorithm, we will call Backward Tracing. The Backward Tracing algorithm is about searching for the reason—
Recoverability is achieved, when recovery is initiated from the vertex from where the threat first appeared. Thus, we search for the reason, not just the symptoms.
Backward tracing of the Dependency Matrix finds the elements that are likely to be the cause of the manifest discrepancies and detects a suspected element. The algorithm for Backward Tracing is presented in
Usually, when a CC system failure is discovered, there is an emergency blocking procedure applied to the CC system as a whole, with further restart implemented—this is usual practice for CC system monitoring. However, the result of the Forward and Backward Tracing algorithms defines the recovery procedure for the damaged area only, reducing the need for the brute force of a restart and saving real-time mode for the whole system, if required.
When a threat and its propagation are excluded from the system, the recording of the event should be performed for maintenance purposes. Recovery actions from a list of legitimate and relevant actions should be applied automatically, or in extreme cases, with the reduced restart requirement of the CC system. The results of the recovery process also need to be saved for security improvement, monitoring of reliability and maintenance efficiency.
Threat propagation timing along a CC system.
Backward threat tracing for a CC system
The threat checking procedure over a CC system might be activated, either by a signal indicating that there is a discrepancy in behaviour of one or more elements (vertices), or by a predefined sequence of maintenance, if necessary. When an element is "suspected", a sequence of actions should be considered in order to interpret the unusual behaviour, or event, to prevent the further propagation of the threat that could put the whole CC system at risk. We call this procedure, "Threat Monitor". It operates on the Dependency Matrix of the CC system, an example of which is shown in
When a distributed system has Forward Tracing and Backward Tracing algorithms applied to it, there may be a dynamic and active improvement in reliability and safety [
As shown above, recoverability requires the introduction of several new processes into CC system management, including online checking of CC conditions and the implementation of Forward and Backward Tracing algorithms. Online checking is a real-time process over the CC system main elements and links (vertices and edges), system software and when and where possible, application software.
The aim of checking within a CC system is the detection of any degradation, or change in behaviour of that system. Once detected, the recovery process for the suspected elements can be initialised and the conservation of the CC system's reliability and especially availability maintained, extending real-time applicability overall.
When full recovery is not possible, the preventive nature of the aforementioned actions reduces the level of danger, risk
For CC systems, the Process of Checking (PC), reliability degradation and the execution of Forward Tracing and Backward Tracing (the latter two together called the Process of Maintenance, PM) are independent in principle; thus, they can be considered in parallel, as well as executed sequentially. The PC, or PM activity can be started when required, when possible, or just when convenient.
The main idea, here, is to carry out checking well in advance, keeping current mission reliability of the CC system at a higher threshold. It is clear that the combined processes of checking and recovery change the reliability of the CC system as a whole. The gradient of this change is a function of the quality of checking (coverage), success of recovery (algorithms of tracing) and quality of maintenance.
Maintenance might also include the execution of both tracing algorithms under harsher conditions, reconfiguring the CC system when necessary. In fact, we attempt to shift the CC system to real-time maintenance with preventive actions against threats.
The gain from introduced and implemented recoverability might be measured using a comparison of a standard CC system with a system that implements real-time maintenance. To analyse the impact of recoverability implementation on a CC system, we will follow notation from [ A constant failure rate; Maintenance (recovery procedures) are not ideal and coverage is less than 100%; Minimum acceptable reliability threshold is introduced as before.
A constant failure rate;
Maintenance (recovery procedures) are not ideal and coverage is less than 100%;
Minimum acceptable reliability threshold is introduced as before.
Some other assumptions relate to the checking process. Formally, for CC systems, the mission reliability function with introduced recoverability and an online checking process, is based on the following assumptions:
Coverage is not 100%. Coverage percentage is 100α%, where 0 < α < 1, and is assumed to be constant over all preventive maintenance actions. Preventive maintenance is instantaneous and doesn't delay the CC system. A threshold, MR0, of acceptable mission reliability is given (fixed). TPM is not a constant, but a variable, actually a function of several variables, including α, λ and MR0.
Coverage is not 100%. Coverage percentage is 100α%, where 0 < α < 1, and is assumed to be constant over all preventive maintenance actions.
Preventive maintenance is instantaneous and doesn't delay the CC system.
A threshold, MR0, of acceptable mission reliability is given (fixed).
TPM is not a constant, but a variable, actually a function of several variables, including α, λ and MR0.
Mission reliability for a CC system can then be calculated as:
The resulting reliability curve for this case is presented in
When the reliability of a CC system reaches the threshold, maintenance is carried out, according to existing network monitoring schemes. The rate of mission reliability degradation is a gain of recoverability implementation in the CC system. When no preventive maintenance takes place for a long time, the reliability of the CC system reaches the lower threshold Ro rapidly.
Mission reliability for a CC system with incomplete coverage.
As mentioned already, real-time online checking and recovery should be introduced into the process of CC system monitoring. Online checking is a process of real-time checking of the system's main elements, including hardware (the vertices and edges in
As above, the main idea here is to carry out checking well in advance, providing the CC system with the highest mission reliability in real time. The introduction of a mission reliability function for a CC system, with an assumption of real-time maintenance (online checking and recovery actions), needs some assumptions as well:
Coverage of real-time maintenance is limited. Coverage is αM100%, where, 0 < αM < 1, and αM is assumed a constant. Threshold for mission reliability, or availability MR0 exists for MR( Online checking process with period TPC is introduced. TPC is a constant. After each online checking, the confidence about a CC system's condition is increased, therefore MR(t) grows as αC100%, while 0 < αC < 1 and αC is a constant. The period between two successive inspections is TPM(i). TPM(i) is a variable, actually a function of i, R0, αC, αM, λ and TPC.
Coverage of real-time maintenance is limited. Coverage is αM100%, where, 0 < αM < 1, and αM is assumed a constant.
Threshold for mission reliability, or availability MR0 exists for MR(
Online checking process with period TPC is introduced. TPC is a constant.
After each online checking, the confidence about a CC system's condition is increased, therefore MR(t) grows as αC100%, while 0 < αC < 1 and αC is a constant.
The period between two successive inspections is TPM(i). TPM(i) is a variable, actually a function of i, R0, αC, αM, λ and TPC.
With these assumptions in mind, the mission reliability function for a CC system might be calculated as:
As mentioned previously, checking and recovery actions might be scheduled independently from the other processes inside the CC system; see
Backward threat tracing for a CC system.
Comparisons of the lifespan of a CC system under a known maintenance strategy, as well as under the proposed new scheme, can be executed using integration of reliability over a given time period.
In practice, this means the volume of the area bounded by the mission reliability curve and the reference axes. The main reason for this index is to show how reliable a CC system is during a given period of time.
The integration values of mission reliability under conditional maintenance and preventive maintenance are calculated by Equations 4 and 5, respectively:
The efficiency of the preventive over conditional maintenance, can be assessed as:
Efficiency of conditional and preventative maintenance.
Recoverability supported by redundancy and reconfigurability is introduced and analysed for computer systems and connected computer systems.
A design concept of PRE-wise (Performance-, Reliability- and Energy-wise) systems is proposed as a unified approach. Computer technologies are analysed in terms of implementation and recoverability as a fundamental property and in terms of an implementation process using Forward Tracing and Backward Tracing algorithms.
It is shown that recoverability makes computers and connected computer systems operational in a wider market domain, approaching real-time and safety-critical applications.
An impact of recoverability on mission reliability is proposed, including integrated estimation.
It is shown that real-time monitoring of a system's condition with evaluation of possible damages, supported with knowledge of the localised area of threat propagation, makes substantial improvements to the integrated reliability characteristics.
As a future development, it is suggested that the development of a PRE framework, assuming mutual dependencies of phases of design, is put forward using a semi-Markov model.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


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It's almost 40 years since Keith Monks set up in business selling its unique Record Cleaning Machine to the BBC - and now the company is relaunching with new products, a new factory giving increased production capacity and a new website.
The new model is the MkVII Omni, which has a unique wash system fully adjustable for all sizes of record. The Omni sells for £2995, and other models range from the Sovereign at £1995 right up to the massive Gemini twin-turntable version at £3995.
The machines use custom components throughout, including the discOvery record cleaning brush, and a unique suction nozzle for drying and disc protection. At the heart of the machines is a pump designed to run 24 hours a day if required in professional applications: it's a medical grade unit more usually found in kidney dialysis machines.
The machines are available in white or royal blue, or in a new oak cabinet for an extra £100. They're all built at the company's new factory on the Isle of Wight, where Jonathan Monks, son of company founder Keith, has been working to bring the machines back into full production.
Jonathan says he's also especially pleased with the development of new discOvery fluids for use with the machine, which have been developed from the original 'recipe' dating back to 1976. The new fluids are claimed to give the best-ever clean from the machines, yet are made entirely from botanicals and other plant extracts, plus distilled water.
More after the break
Keith Monks died in 2005, but the company bearing his name is planning big things: it's about to open a new office in the USA to supply and service machines in North, Central and South America, and next year will launch a 40th anniversary limited edition model.

subset: commoncrawl


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Nagasaki Vacation Packages
Nagasaki in Nagasaki is inhabited by approximately 410,000 people.
From here it's roughly 190 miles (306 kilometers) to the northeast to Hiroshima and 170 miles (274 kilometers) to the north to Busan, South Korea.
The Nagasaki area is a rich source of fascinating facts and stories; there's plenty to explore behind the doors of its three favorite museums. Broaden your horizons by visiting the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, the Siebold Memorial Museum and the Twenty-Six Martyrs Museum and Monument, three recommended museum experiences featuring thoroughly thought-provoking exhibits.
If you want to rest a while in a green oasis don't miss Peace Park or the popular Glover Garden. Capture nature, listen to bird song or simply take a seat on a bench at these popular parks in Nagasaki.
Even casual gardeners will appreciate Nagasaki Subtropical Botanical Garden, an important area of conservation in Nagasaki. Take the time to learn about the scientifically significant flora in the area.
The Urakami Cathedral is a well-preserved place of worship that has stood the test of time. Visit this special place to discover its past as well as to admire the architecture.
It's impossible to know what makes a place tick until you know its story; luckily Nagasaki has carefully preserved the Nyoko-do Hermitage, one of the region's most important historic sites. Enquire about a guided tour, take photos and discover the local history.
Travel back in time by taking a tour of the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, one of the main history museums. Enjoy the museum's interesting exhibits and view the ancient artifacts throughout this quiet space.
Pay your respects to those lost in past conflict at sites like the Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims; a sobering reminder that peace and freedom should never be taken for granted. Come face to face with the Nagasaki region's proud military traditions at this evocative remembrance site.
Head beneath the seven seas and come face to face with some of the ocean's friendliest and fiercest inhabitants at the Nagasaki Penguin Aquarium. Wander the aquarium's various zones and learn about the local and exotic species as you go; but don't rush, the slower you go the more you'll see!


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March 1998
"1998 is an opportune time to bring a new director into SCD," wrote Bill. "The SX-4 [supercomputer] procurement is behind us, we are well along with the transition to highly parallel systems, and the FY99 budget looks promising." Bill noted that he had pondered retiring in 1998 for at least two years, starting before the protracted supercomputer saga began (see the September 1997 issue of Staff Notes Monthly.) He added that the early retirement was at his own initiative.
Bill, currently the longest-tenured NCAR division director, came to Boulder in 1987 after 25 years at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. At Los Alamos, he held a variety of managerial and technical positions, including deputy leader of the lab's computing and communications division. Bill called his 11 years at NCAR "the high-water mark of my career" and a period of "steady accomplishment for SCD. However," he added, "eleven years is a long time."
NCAR director Bob Serafin tells Staff Notes Monthly, "It has been a personal pleasure to work with Bill over the years. We have developed a close professional working relationship plus a real friendship, both of which I cherish and only one of which I will lose." BH


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The short winter season in Egypt (most of the year is hot or moderate weather), in addition to increasing unit prices, made consumers in Egypt more cautious about spending on heating appliances. Also, due to high electricity bills consumers started to be more cautious about using high energy consumption appliances.
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Father: Charlton DUNN b: 13 Nov 1860 in Jackson, MS.
Mother: Mabel Claire TROTTER b: 18 Mar 1877 in Duck Hill, Montgomery Co MS
Marriage 1 William Harvey BLAKE
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GEARs Ride (Eugene)
January 26, 2017 at 9:30 am
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In Oregon, a bicycle is legally considered a vehicle, and the same Oregon road laws apply. Please "be seen" and practice safe riding. Vehicle traffic, farm equipment and narrow shoulders exist on many Oregon roads, and you may find that construction projects, traffic or other events may cause road conditions or signage to differ from the map results, ride descriptions and directions. For travel options plus weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941. Routes listed on this website are for informational purposes and intended as a reference guide only.
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GEARs (Greater Eugene Area Riders) invites all bicyclists to join in riding together through some beautiful bicycling terrain. We require that all participants wear a bike helmet and bring a bike in safe riding condition. A frame tire pump, tube/patch kit, basic tools, full water bottle and appropriate clothing are strongly encouraged. Ride leaders will help to ensure that you have a safe and pleasant experience. If you have questions about a scheduled ride, feel free to contact the ride leader or Ride Coordinator Garry Swanson at 541-726-3997 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Ride # 125a
Alton Baker Park, 9:30 am.
Clearwater Trail and Scenic Springfield
12-15 mph
25 Miles
Ride Leader Garry Swanson 541-726-3997
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The Cornell coaching staff tweets as they head to Houston, the site of the Final Four and the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) national conference.
- Tim Weisberg of Slope Radio interviewed Bill Courtney this week. Listen to the podcast by clicking here.
- The Cleveland Plain Dealer reports that incoming Cornell recruit, Shonn Miller (St. Ignatius HS) Cleveland, OH, 6-6, F, made an appearance last night in the Greater Cleveland Basketball Coaches Association All Star game, leading all scorers with 27 points. Fellow Big Red recruit, Devin Cherry (Meridian High School) Meridian, MS, 6-3, G, was named honorable mention all-state (for all regions and school classifications). His teammate, Rodney Hood, a Mississippi State signee, was named Mr. Basketball.
- As the Ft. Wayne Mad Ants of the NBA D-League and Ryan Wittman ('10) make a push for the playoffs, the Ft. Wayne News Sentinel writes, "Fort Wayne has also received a recent boost from Wittman, who has found his shooting groove the last five games. He has hit 22 of 38 shots (57 percent), with most of those (17 of 29, 58 percent) from three-point range."
- Louis Dale ('10) and Goettingen of Germany's premier league, the Bundesliga, bowed out of the Euro Cup, falling 84-62 in game 2 of their quarterfinals series with Italy's Benetton.


text: Last night was the conclusion of the latest season of The Bachelor, which ended with Sean Lowe (spoiler alert!) proposing to Catherine Giudici. The last episode of the season traditionally features the Bachelor or Bachelorette's family meeting the final two contestants and telling their son/daughter which one they liked better. Sean is a born-again Christian, and he's also a born-again virgin. Though he's had sex in the past, he recommitted to his faith and took a vow of celibacy until marriage. … [Read more...]


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On any day of the year, at almost any moment in time, the small stretch of Honolulu beachfront known as Waikiki will reek havoc on your senses. Far from the calming scenes that sold Western tourists the image of a utopic, dreamy Polynesian paradise nearly 100 years ago, the modern version of Waikiki is a veritable smorgasbord of lights, smells, sounds, and visions. It is a high-octane town in fifth gear. But today, on this late May weekend, it is something special, something unique, something unfiltered. It's the effervescent joy and smiles of keiki going tandem with their dad. It's high-fives, burritos, plate-lunches, and energy drinks. It's surfing solely for the fun of surfing. It's the annual Town & Country Grom Fest and it is wonderful.
"This is my favorite event of the year," said Town & Country founder, Craig Sugihara. "I really look forward to it. I mean, how could you not? Look at all the kids having such a good time."
Sugihara speaks the truth. A quick glance down the beach at the event reveals an army of young surfers running wild in oversized contest tees. Out to sea, the southern hemisphere is sliding a three-foot swell into the lineup. Uncrowded Queens and a whole mess of swell—it's a wonder there weren't more parents dragging their kids out to a heat in the tandem divisions just to score an empty slice of the surf.
Between heats, the team from Town & Country kept the contestants busy with a slew of games, including an ad-hoc dance-off. There was only one catch: you had to do it in a fake mustache courtesy of Donavon Frankenreiter. (Big mahalos Donnie). Although these kids won't be featured on America's Best Dance Crew anytime soon, they gave it go and one grom even busted out a one-handed handstand for the win.
In the lineup, the raw talent exuded from children as young as 5 always impresses, perhaps this year even more so than others. One thing is abundantly clear: The future looks as bright as the blazing Waikiki sun for the next generation of Hawaiian surfers. But the Grom Fest isn't an event meant to harden the competitive spirit. On the contrary, it's much more about giving young kids a chance to get their feet wet in the contest scene and have some fun with their friends without any of the pressure that comes with competing in other events.
"This is a really special event in Hawaii…I don't even know how long we've been doing it. A long time. I bet if you were to ask any of Hawaii's top surfers now, they'd all surfed in this event. It's really special. Plus, somehow we always get good surf for it!"


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It's not often that land-locked Utah gets recognized for great seafood dining options.
But Arctic Circle's halibut sandwich — along with its fries and original pink fry sauce – is Utah's representative in Zagat's "50 States, 50 Sandwiches" list released several weeks ago.
Ironically, the Zagat synopsis, seems to talk more about the fry sauce than the sandwich. It reads:
"Utah doesn't have a ton of culinary claims to fame, but its most beloved condiment, Fry Sauce, was apparently invented at Arctic Circle restaurant in 1948. The sauce is essentially just a mixture of ketchup and mayonnaise (known elsewhere as 'golf sauce'), but the restaurant claims to have a secret recipe on lockdown (and it's available for purchase in bottles). While the chain is now regional, eating a halibut sandwich and fries with fry sauce is still a uniquely Utah experience."


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A Gift for Sophie
Story and Songs Gilles Vigneault Performers Martha Wainwright, Thomas Hellman, Jessica Vigneault and Paul Campagne Illustrations Stéphane Jorisch
BOOK A poetic story by Gilles Vigneault about friendship and old age that takes place in a seaside setting and depicts a sense of continuity, the importance of remembering and the happiness a gift can bring. Nine songs accompany the narration of this touching story about two friends, Sophie and Emilio, and the Old Man Tom who teaches them how to see the world through their hearts.
MUSIC CD In addition to the narrated story, the CD offers nine heartwarming songs for the whole family.
Ages: 5 to 7 / Canadian and U.S. Pub Date: October 1, 2013
Author-Song Writer
Gilles Vigneault, a member of the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, is hailed as one of Canada's most important music figures of the 20th century, especially as a champion Québécois folksinger. His work often evokes his great love of nature and the passion he has for his hometown - Natashquan, a remote, wind-swept village on the banks of the St. Lawrence. He has received numerous distinctions including the "Grand prix du disque de l'Académie Charles-Cros" in France and the "Médaille Vermeil" offered by the City of Paris.
A Gift for Sophie features guest artists such as Martha Wainwright, Thomas Hellman, Paul Campagne and Jessica Vigneault.
Stéphane Jorisch is a four-time winner of the Governor General's Literary Award, the Ruth-Schwartz Children's Book Award and the Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon Illustrator's Award. He has also created set designs for Le Cirque du Soleil.
Press Quotes
"…a rare gift for lovers of timeless tales…"
—Christian Science Monitor
A Gift for Sophie is a wonderful book for young children (ages 5 to 7), which has messages of friendship, discovery and family.
—SheKnows Canada
"An extraordinary story and music that can be enjoyed together by the entire family... clearly one of our favorites."
—Simply Stacie Blog
"This is a new favorite in my house. The girls love listening to the story on CD, I adore the music and illustrations, and we all love the heartwarming story."
—Barista Kids Blog
"This book is a wonderful read for kids of most ages, and I think it's important that kids know the value of each other and believing in themselves."
—Yee Whittle Things Blog
"A fabulous tale of friendship and time."
—Tales of a Ranting Ginger Blog
"The music is light and sweet, like the illustrations, and has a French vibe which just adds to the charm."
—Cherry Blossoms Blog
"A Gift for Sophie is an experience in sight and sound."
—A Mom's Take Blog
"The story itself is very sweet and the music is sophisticated enough to engage adults and playful enough to engage the kids–a family win-win."
—Mr. Dad Seal of Approval
You are listening to featured song, "The Suitcase Waltz" performed by Martha Wainwright, Thomas Hellman and Jessica Vigneault.
Click to look inside the book
Cliquer sur le titre
Storybook–Music CD
44-page, illustrated, hardcover book; "8 X 8" format with an appended music CD containing a full narration 10 recordings including a full narration plus printable files of the illustrations and text.
Price: 22.95 $ CDN
Digital Download
10 recorded songs plus printable PDF file of the illustrations and song lyrics.
Price: 9.99 $ CDN


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MCB VLP Volunteer Spotlight
Jacqueline Y. Ferrell
Hunton & Williams Associate Jacqueline Y. Ferrell was described as compassionate and completely reliable by John Parker, Council for Children's Rights' Lead Attorney on Custody Advocacy. Parker continued to explain that, She's got at least one case going on all the time. She cares about the kids she represents. To become involved in giving a voice to children's rights, contact CFCR Volunteer Coordinator Mary Schilli at 704/372-7961 or Volunteer Lawyer Program Coordinator Mary Jordan Samuel at 704/375-8624.
MCB VLP: Current Employer / number of years with current employer?
JF: Hunton & Williams LLP / 8 years
MCB VLP: Area of Practice / Expertise?
JF: Labor & Employment Law
MCB VLP: Law School / Law School Graduation Year?
JF: University of Virginia School of Law, Class of 2000
MCB VLP: How did you begin working with Council for Children's Rights?
JF: Hunton & Williams has been involved with the Council for Children's Rights for many years, and I pursued the opportunity to work with the CFCR soon after joining the firm. I have found the work to be extremely rewarding and have continued working with the CFCR and its custody advocacy program since my first case. In fact, I helped implement a new pro bono initiative last year at Hunton & Williams in which individual lawyers and staff members from the firm work together as part of the custody advocacy team. We also assist the CFCR by assigning the attorney and custody advocate ourselves whenever we receive a new case, to help cut down on the CFCR's administrative burden.
MCB VLP: What is a typical case like?
JF: The court appoints the CFCR to high conflict child custody disputes. The custody advocacy team for a case typically consists of three people: the CFCR attorney, an outside volunteer attorney and a volunteer custody advocate. We first interview the parties involved and then interview collateral witnesses, conduct home visits, gather records, conduct school visits and meet with the children. We also conduct settlement conferences, when they are appropriate, and prepare for and attend trial.
Each case is different, but our goal is always to represent the children and to work for what is in their best interests. Often, the children are caught in the middle of custody disputes with no one watching out for what is best for them. That is where we get involved.
MCB VLP: How many of these cases do you typically handle at one time?
JF: I typically handle one case at a time.
MCB VLP: What is your hope for the future with regard to these cases?
JF: I hope to continue working with the CFCR, which does such important work in supporting children. I hope that the end result in each case is to make a positive difference in the children's lives.
MCB VLP: What is the best advice you've received during your legal career?
JF: Don't lose sight of the forest for the trees. As lawyers we sometimes focus so much on the details that we have a hard time keeping an eye on the bigger picture.
MCB VLP: What advice would you give others?
JF: Don't be afraid to ask questions. We are all fortunate to work with very talented people who have different backgrounds and experiences, and we should learn as much as we can from each other. Collaboration is an important aspect of our work.
MCB VLP: What is the most challenging part of your career?
JF: Trying to fit it all in! I am constantly challenged by the demands of time. I am fortunate, however, to have a wonderful support system at home and at work, and that makes a big difference.
MCB VLP: What is your favorite part of your current job?
JF: I enjoy being a counsel to my clients in the truest sense of the word. As an employment lawyer, I help my clients solve their problems, but I also get to help them prevent future issues, by working with them to develop the right policies and practices for their business. I find partnering with my clients in this way very rewarding.


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by Staff Writers
Munich, Germany (SPX) May 22, 2013
Fish fossils that are about 23 million years old give unprecedented insight into the evolutionary history of the gobioid order, one of the most species-rich groups among the modern bony fishes.
Researchers led by paleontologist Professor Bettina Reichenbacher from the Division of Paleontology and Geobiology at LMU's Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences have completed a comprehensive analysis of fish fossils which they assign to the group of bony fishes that includes the gobies. Their results, which have just appeared in the journal PLOS ONE, provide new insights into the evolutionary history of these fish and also have implications for their taxonomy.
The fossil material examined is unusually well preserved. "This has allowed us to describe a gobioid fossil in greater detail than ever before," says Reichenbacher. Indeed, the authors of the new study have been able to show that the fossil species concerned does not belong to the true gobies at all, in contrast to what earlier investigators had concluded. It is a member of an enigmatic family now known as the Butidae. Until very recently Butidae had been classified among the sleeper gobies.
The family is now recognized as a separate clade, whose members are found in tropical river systems of Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia. Furthermore, no fossil specimens that could be attributed to this family have been identified until now. Indeed, datable gobioid fossils are comparatively rare in the fossil record. Since fossils of known age provide chronological markers of phylogeny, this has hampered understanding of the evolutionary history of this highly successful group of fishes.
The signature ear-stones
Among the many unusual features of the find is the fact that the otoliths (also known as ear-stones), which are small calcified particles that form part of the balance organs in the inner ear of bony fish, are perfectly preserved.
Reichenbacher, who specializes in the analysis of fossil otoliths, explains the significance of this: "Otoliths are made up of the mineral aragonite, together with a minor fraction of organic material. What makes them of such interest for us is that they can be read like a genetic code. Otoliths allow us to deduce what sort of fish they belonged to, even if nothing else has survived," she says.
This is why the ear-stones play such a crucial role in studies of the paleontology, evolutionary history and biodiversity of the teleosts.
The otoliths revealed to the researchers that the fossils did not actually belong among the true gobies, but should be assigned to either the sleeper gobies or the butids.
"Among the skeletal elements of the fossils, we then identified other traits that confirmed this assessment and enabled us to place the species among the butids," says doctoral student Christoph Gierl, who analyzed the structural anatomy of the skull and the dorsal and pelvic fins.
This is the first butid fossil to be found anywhere. Interestingly, no members of the Butidae are found in European waters today.
The new findings show that, back in the Oligocene, butids were distributed in estuaries and lagoons around the Tethys and the Paratethys (the remnant sea to the northeast that was cut off from the rest of the Tethys Sea, today's Mediterranean, when the Alps were formed), which were then located in subtropical latitudes.
The family vanished from these waters during the Early Miocene, about 22 million years ago. "They were probably displaced by true gobies that were more adaptable," says Reichenbacher.
The researchers expect that their study will lead to a better picture of the evolutionary history of the gobioids as a whole. "Our results also demonstrate that otoliths can play a much greater role in the classification of gobioids than has previously been appreciated," Bettina Reichenbacher concludes. (PLOS ONE 2013)
Related Links
Explore The Early Earth at TerraDaily.com
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Im surrounded by mentally ill and abusive people.
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Natasha, as others have said, spend as little time as possible with the people who are abusive to you and bring you down. Conversely, spend more time with people you like who make you feel good.
When you absolutely HAVE to spend time with those who are abusive to you and are mentally unstable, just think of duality: light and dark, up and down, yin and yang. Be the Light to their darkness. Be the Kindness to their meanness. Be the Positivity to their negativity.
And no matter what, you can ALWAYS talk to any number of us here on GLP; either as a group or individually in email or however you'd like. What good are people if they can't be there for others in their time of need? We'd want the same thing for ourselves. I know I speak for a lot of other people on here when I say I'm always here for you to listen. EVERYone needs to vent. Each of us has burdens we carry. No one is immune.
Try not to feel so bad. Feel hope. Things will get better. They always do.
You're among friends. :)
Apollo astronauts couldn't have passed through Van Allen's Belt. Van Allen wore suspenders.


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MOUNTAIN rescue team members were called out three times yesterday (July 17) to assist injured walkers.
Patterdale Mountain Rescue Team were first called out by Cumbria Police yesterday morning to help a 30-year-old man who had fallen near Striding Edge, Helvellyn, while walking with his dog.
Team members were flown by the North West Air Ambulance to the casualty at who had injured his ankle and treated him before airlifting from Red Tarn to the rescue centre.
While he was being transferred to hospital by County Ambulance, the team was called out to Aira Force where a woman had injured her ankle while walking close to the waterfall.
Patterdale MRT said National trust staff together with the woman's husband could not get her to safe ground.
Her ankle was splinted before she was stretchered across Aira Force bridge and up a road to a waiting County Ambulance which took her to hospital.
After the 4.5-hour-long double rescue the team were called back to Helvellyn where a young girl was in a lot of pain after slipping and injuring her ankle while walking near Red Tarn outfall.
She was given pain relief and her ankle was splinted before being stretchered down the fellside to Glenridding Beck where the stretcher was hoisted to the track.
The casualty was then taken by a Land Rover on a track leading to Greenside Mines where she was handed over to a waiting County Ambulance to go to Cumberland Infirmary Carlisle.
Patterdale MRT then returned to the centre having been out for 7.5 hours on three consecutive rescues.
The Patterdale Mountain Rescue Team is celebrating 50 years this year of rescuing people on the fells in and around Ullswater.
They have rescued over 2000 people in that time with the help of volunteers.


text:
Deivamagal 02-09-2016 is a Tamil serial being aired on Sun TV. Episode 1018 of Deivamagal, Prakash and Sathya are the main characters in this serial. Today's episode of Deivamagal 02.09.16 watch online now. Theiva Magal 02-09-16 special new latest serial.
Source 2 – Click on the image below to watch. (Use Google Chrome or Firefox)


text:
Product DNAThe upper is engineered with UA ClutchFit Technology, a second skin of advantages that activates under pressure, locking you in with superior fit & feel。
- UA ClutchFit technology wraps your foot with a lightweight "second skin" for powerful support & incredible feel.
- Full-length Micro G foam turns cushioned landings into explosive takeoffs.
- External heel counter for added support & comfort.
- Molded Micro G sockliner cushions & keeps your foot locked in.
- One-piece solid Rubber outsole with herringbone traction pattern for exceptional lateral & linear movement.


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Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2011 14:21:49 -0400
From: Robin Hill
Subject: previous Alltell customers
Just wanted to alert people who used to have Alltell that if you had signed up for cell phone insurance and it was being directly billed to your credit card, you should check and make sure it isn't still. Verizon says that they informed the insurance company (ESH) back when they bought out Alltell, but the insurance company says that they did not have the authorization to do so. So I have been billed many months for coverage I didn't need and no one will take responsibility for it. My fault.
Robin Hill


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.fly Domain Names
Origin: USA
Creation date:2013
Description: .fly is an extension intended for use with sites concerning the ticket sales and information on commercial flights.
Pre-reserve your .fly
This extension is part of the new extensions that will be released soon. You can already, and for free, prereserve the domains that interest you.
Prereservation lets you:
- keep informed of each of the extension's release dates,
- have your request registered in first place (if you were the first to register the term),
- benefit from a 10% discount during the general opening phase.
- Rules
- Dates
- Prices
- News
The latest news of .fly
There is no new news about this extension.


text: Apple today updated its Apple Store app to version 3.0, adding several new improvements and design updates. The app now features new icons along the bottom bar, with the "Products" section renamed to "Shop" to make it easier for users to make purchases within the app. The overall app icon has shifted from a cart to a bag. There's also a new icon for "Stores," and an "Account" tab that replaces the previous "More" tab. Several other UI elements have been redesigned as well, giving the iPhone app a cleaner feel that's more in-line with the iPad version. According to Apple's release notes, it's now possible to start shopping on one device and seamlessly switch to another device, including a Mac or PC. That means that a user who puts an item in the cart in the app will see the same item in the cart on Apple's website if logged in, allowing for easy transitions between devices. Along with purchasing improvements, the "Stores" tab has been updated to display information about upcoming events at a user's local retail location, and the app, which is now universal, has been updated with the ability to create One to One reservations on the iPad. The update to the Apple Store app comes just days before Apple's upcoming iPhone 6 event and a few weeks before the iPhone 6 is expected to go on sale. Prior to this update, the Apple Store app was last given a minor update in March to add notification improvements. The app's last major update came in late 2013, when the company released a version of the app for the iPad. Apple's newly updated Apple Store app can be downloaded from the App Store for free. [Direct Link] Update: As the iPhone version of the Apple Store app is now universal, replacing the original Apple Store app for the iPad, users in countries outside of the U.S. are now able to install the app on their iPads. Previously, the Apple Store app for the iPad was limited to U.S. customers. Article Link: Apple Store App Gets Redesigned Look, Improved Navigation


text:
Morrowind - Overhaul v2.0 Trailer
View Single Post
December 6th, 2011, 17:29
I kind of wish, maybe at the bards' college at least, that one or two of the bards sounded like a lightly less produced version of that (since they're not using mics in game maybe use 3 singers to acheive the the chorus effect instead)
Some of the fan renditions of Elder Scrolls music have been quite impressive - with some of the recent ones being exceptionally so.
Morrowind-Skyrim Medley (Bethesda reps thought this one was quite good and featured it on Bethblog):
Fan Cover of "The Dragon Born Comes" used in the trailer mentioned in the article- one of the songs sung by in-game bards:
I know they've been posted a couple times elsewhere but they're worth checking out if you haven't yet. I'm glad that most of the gaming industry doesn't push the crushing weight of ASCAP on performances like these - definitely don't need them learning any more bad habits from Disney and Sony/BMG than they already have.
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The new Railway Garden, a G-gauge model railway running through
a 2.5 acre site, opens April 30. Visitors enter through a 1920s-era
railway depot to see trains running through a garden of miniature
plants, water features and a variety of landscapes. May 1 through
Throughout October, visitors enjoy spooky sights and sounds,
plus special events during Twilight Witching Hours (4-7 p.m.
Thursday-Saturday October 6-29). Spooky trees, raving ravens and
creepy crawlies will take up residence in the garden, joining the
thousands of miniature plants, dozens of handmade bridges, and of
course, an assemblage G-gauge steam trains.
Take a ride along the trails of Deep River at 1:30 and 2:30 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday, Oct. 6-28. Rides are first come, first


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Clean room with a very good welcome. The food served in he restaurant is another specialty. The area is one of the best in Midilli with the short distance to Petra and Molyvos. I had a slight difficulty in finding the hotel, but succeed after a short telephone conversation. Look for the Kostas Car Rental in Anaxos main road and the hotel is just behind the restaurant.
A Small, clean country hotel.Owner of the hotel Alexi is very helpful. We'll stay there again. It's difficult to find. No sign about hotel. Just ask Costa's RentACar in Anaxos, hotel is behind it. Little bit noisy.
Family run hotel with an old-fashioned feel. Easy walk to beach and other restaurants. Staff always on hand to help
everybody is very friendly, big pool, quiet, next bigger villages/towns and sights easy to reach by car, beach reachable without car, very good breakfast I would not recommend it for a longer stay, due to very basic amenities, rustic comfort, it could use a little tidying up (although the whole place is very clean): wall painting was not finished at our stay, cups next to pool were not picked up for several days
The room had enough space, it had a good breakfast, friendly staff, nice room, nice view, quiet area there was no wireless and the heating did not work well. The hotel works best in summer or at least if it is not too cold. It might have been exceptional cold for the time of year.
Swimming pool, access to Molyvos, buffet breakfast, friendliness of all staff, location, grounds, quiet
The rooms are very big and clean as can be, floors mopped daily unlike at many other European hotels, its quiet, cool and comfortable. Nice and close to the beach and the hotel shuttle to Molyvos is a great service. The pool area is beautiful and breakfast is lovely, just a wonderful resort all round. Its a long way from the port, about 80km and costs 75 Euro in a taxi. If you want to catch a bus you are pretty limited, there is one going to the port at 7am however you can't get a taxi to take you into Molyvos at 6.30 am. There is only two buses a day from/to the port and they don't meet up with the ferries unfortunately.
The site of the hotel is excellent close to the sea (however there is no beach since the sea in front of the hotel is with rocks and nobody can swim there) , quite close to the city of Molyvos, very quite with ample of space in the rooms. It is nice that the hotel is surrounded by fields. The quality of the breakfast is totaly unacceptable. During breakfast you are surrounded by cats which climb on the tables and eat the food and nobody from the hotel personnel bothers to keep them away.There are no do not disturb signs in the rooms and the cleaners invade the room. Even after we had locked the door to retain our privacy they kept incessantly knocking on the door. Anyway the cleaning of the room was unacceptable, not even any soap was provided after the first day of our 4day stay, the glasses, cups and plates were left every day without being cleaned in the sink (we stayed in a "suite") eventhough we had no cleaning liquid or cloths. The floor of the balcony was very dirty it seems that it had not been cleaned for week
Very relaxing atmosphere, the staff was friendly and the service good. Perfect location, the beach is close by and Molyvos village too.If you arrive by plane to Mytilini, why not rent a car for a couple of days instead getting the taxi to Molyvos - it's a great way to see the landscape and you can drop it off in Molyvos. The coffee you order in the restaurant is excellent, the coffee at breakfast isn't really coffee.
Very nice rooms, open and big. Cleaning every day was super. Loved the sunset and the short walk to Molyvos. Wish there was more options for breakfast, did not like the saltwater in the pool.
Great hotel, with very nice & helpful staff. Beautiful view! The room was big and clean. The hotel is close to the charmful Molyvos village.
The staff were particularly helpful with any requests we made. The outlook over the pool to the Aegean and Turkey was lovely, as was the setting, outside of the charming, historical town of Molyvos. A wonderful place to relax and do nothing. It was a ten minute bus ride from the town - however, there is a hotel courtesy bus and local buses, so as long as you check the timetables, this is not an issue.
Perfect. infrastructures,friendly atmosphere, cleanliness,greate service, I will go again
l'albergo è in una posizione tranquilla e quindi molto silenzioso l'accesso alla spiaggia,le camere spoglie,e la prima colazione assolutamente molto scarsa e di mediocre qualità
The friendliness of the owner Giorgos and his readiness to help. A bit difficult to carry the bags, if you arrive / leave at an hour where the street is blocked from cars.
Very friendly, clean, quiet & good views. Limited amount of utensils and equipment for self catering. Does not take credit cards.
Beautifully positioned, a few minutes from beach, cafes, restaurants - and shops right outside the door. Also very quiet and away from irritating traffic noise, and remarkably cool and pleasant. Clean and well maintained, with reasonably comfortable bed, fully working lights (such a pleasant change in Greece) and an adequate showerroom/toilet area. Giorgo (hope I spelled that right) is great at arranging airport taxis! Room was a little on the small side and to be honest I thought I was booking a studio as I had when I booked direct in 2007. There was a communal kitchen area but as ever with those facilities it was a little unwelcoming and the fridge was overwhelmed
I loved my stay at the schoolmıstress. It has ıt all, centally located so you have the vıllage feel (Bakery and warm bread steps away) the castle ıs above, the vıew off your own prıvate balcony ıs a spectaular vıew of the the Aegean Sea, ıt's very quıet wıth lush folıage and flowers, has a kıtchen to use and best of all, Jorgos. the son who speaks great Englısh ıs a very very nıce person and keeps the place and rooms daıly, ımmaculate. The prıce ıs rıght and I would hıghly reccommend thıs pensıon.
The view from the public balcony I booked for a breakfast this was not provided, and there was no one there to greet me when i arrived
staff helpful and friendly. Peaceful and quiet. I had no internet access in my room (8), which meant I had to leave the room to sit elsewhere in the building. I would have liked to have a kettle in the room for the early morning cup of coffee, whithout having to go downstairs to the communal kitchen.
The staff was friendly and very helpful, the room was clean and comfortable, and as we had to leave very early they put together a remarkable breakfast for us in a huge cooler.
Gorgeous view of the water from our balcony and windows, very friendly and helpful management, clean and comfortable, convenient facilities (such as access to refrigerator and kitchen), good location
4 different pools, good value for money restaurant, very friendly and helpfull ladies at the reception desk The hotel's owner and manager behavior was unacceptable. He was unprofessional, rude, with no customer service skills whatsoever. He initiated a law suit with the tourist police (!!!) in the 2 hours of not being able to reach me at my cellphone because he could not charge my credit card!!! As soon as I called him back, I provided another credit card, he charged the full amount and did not even apologize for his tone and unprofessional manners...
I did like too much the calm, the quiety and the beauty of the surrounding area. Moreover, I was happy with the polity and the friendly atmosfere provided by the personnel. they have to improve the quality of the breakfast buffet providing fibers ie tomato, green peppers,cucamber, as well as fis fillets like sardines.
Beautiful collection of 6 different pools, delicious breakfast.


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Keeping homes clean across New Zealand since 1988
Quality Cleaning Equipment and Kirby Vacuum Cleaners have been keeping homes clean across New Zealand since 1988.
A trusted and reliable name in the industry, Hamilton-based Quality Cleaning Equipment ("QCE") is your one-stop shop for all things Kirby.
"We have a dedicated team based in Frankton, Hamilton, committed to providing you and your machine with excellent service," says Sam Barnes, Managing Director of QCE.
The Kirby is a unique piece of equipment in that it is not just a vacuum cleaner but is actually various types of machines, all powered by one multifunctional motor "which can also power a carpet shampoo system, pile fluffer, floor polisher, tile and grout cleaner, dust-extracting sander, a polisher and a spray gun.
Made of die-cast aluminium, the Kirby will not rust, crack, split or corrode and has "an open-ended motor which can be serviced, instead of throwing it away which is often the fate of other appliances," says Sam.
"Our service centre is the largest of its kind in Australasia, employing qualified technicians and only using genuine Kirby parts to keep your Kirby running smoothly," says Sam.
"From replacement belts, accessories and vacuum bags, through to shampoo and specialist stain removers to repairs and servicing, we offer you quality workmanship to ensure your Kirby works perfectly. We even have a Kirby valet service where we clean, buff and polish your machine.
Many customers are starting to take advantage of QCE's new mobile service, where technicians do 'house calls', although other customers prefer to use the nationwide door to door courier service to get their machines to and from the Hamilton office.
"Whatever model Kirby you have, whatever its age and wherever you live in New Zealand – we can look after you," says Sam.
For all your Kirby needs contact Quality Cleaning Equipment in Hamilton today.
Contact QCE
Sam Barnes
Tel: 07 958 3710
Fax: 07 849 5961
Address: QCE Ltd, 15 Norton Road, Frankton, Hamilton 3204
Email: email@example.com


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Pons Studio Cycling is one of a kind cycling facility in Washington. Offering indoor cycling and rowing classes that are suitable for spinning enthusiasts, cyclists, expert racers, or anyone else who wants to get a great workout. We are more than just another spin class!
At Pons Studio we know how to help you get fit and have a great time while doing it. We encourage anyone to try it out! Don't be intimidated if you feel out of shape. Our clientele ranges from Iron-man triathletes and elite level bike racers to working moms, teenagers and retired folks!
This is YOUR workout and our experienced instructors will guide you, inspire you, and help you reach YOUR goals . Whether your goal is to lose weight, do a faster bike split, improve your 20K , or just improve your fitness level. We are confident that our classes will help you achieve your objective.
Newbies and experienced riders alike will get a good workout as our experienced instructors will help guide you through the class. Our workouts are more focused than a typical gym spin class due to our RealRider bikes which allow you to move the handle side to side as if you were riding your own bike outdoors! This allows you to recruit more muscles in your upper body and core. We want our classes to mimic a real road ride, but even better. We have created a fun, friendly environment, where you can get a great workout anytime.
Come try a class with ZERO risk, your first workout session is absolutely FREE of charge, no strings attached! We believe in community rather than memberships, which is why we offer to pay for classes as you go, without any enrollment fees. At Pons Studio you only pay per workout session. Once you reserve a bike, you will know you have a spot in class.
We offer spacious, comfortable and clean facilities, as well as high-tech bike computers that measure your success.
Meet the owner
Bio: I have always been involved in sports. Growing up I participated in soccer, swim and karate. Further into college I played Basketball for my school. After college I began racing Mountain Bikes which then escalated to Cyclocross and Road Bike racing. I've dealt with many sport related injuries, specially on my knees which is why I leaned on spinning as a way to stay in shape. Today I compete on top of my age group for the cycling team PC4 MEN. I received my certificate for Level 2 U.S.A Cycling Coach in 2007 and began coaching, training and teaching classes in 2010 when my family opened Pons Studio Cycling. I love working with a variety of people and help them meet their personal goals!
Specialties: My specialties involve healthy lifestyle, endurance sports, power sports, weight loss and management and rehab/injury recovery.
Motto: Do everything with passion!


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Time has eroded the world's great works of classical beauty, from the lost arms of Venus de Milo to the Sphinx's firm, masculine tongue. Get a timeless look with this Groupon.
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Most brides probably don't dream of using their own catering at their wedding reception. After all, you're already balancing honeymoon plans,
seating arrangements and dress fittings.
But you're not most brides, are you? Maybe you want the personal touch
that a home-cooked meal provides. Perhaps you'd rather spend your cash
on that perfect dress than an expensive caterer. After all, a catered
dinner can cost anywhere from $50 to $300 a head.
But with the right planning, prepping and organizing, you can create a beautiful and delicious spread — at significant savings — for all your closest friends and family. Think of dishes that can be made and frozen in advance, and things that require very little last-minute assembly. Whether you offer a variety of appetizers, a backyard barbecue or a hearty, sit-down dinner, here are some things to consider:
Size: How many guests are you having? If your wedding-of-the-century includes 300 people and a 12-piece band, you might want to reconsider going the self-catering route, since cooking for groups of that size require more equipment, time and manpower than you're likely to have. But if you're not inviting every soul you've ever met (read: less than 100 people are attending), then a homemade meal can be a joyful and sweet affair.
Location: Where is the reception being held? Some halls and event spaces may not allow an unlicensed caterer to use their facilities. If you're hosting in a backyard or home, check the facilities: How big is the oven? Stove? Is there enough counter space? How will you keep foods warm? How will you keep foods cold? Would you have to rent expensive equipment? Will you need to create a human chain to get food from the kitchen to the table? These are the important things to think about. Make a list, start checking things off. If halfway through you're already on the verge of a panic attack, ask a friend to go through the list with you.
Helping Hands: Chances are, you'll need someone to help you prepare and ready the food. Maybe ask a relative or friend to pitch in with preparation. Even if you do cook everything yourself, we strongly suggest hiring people to serve and arrange everything during the reception. If you're asking a friend, make sure it's someone you know you can work with and trust. Nobody wants to spend their wedding day reigniting the flames under the food trays!
Meal Style: What types of food do you want to serve? A full buffet? A sit-down dinner? Just a round of appetizers? Deciding on the style of food you want to provide will dictate how much cooking you're able to do. Anything that has to be served immediately after making, like fancy soufflés or deep-fried foods (which get soggy when sitting), should be off the menu. Things that can keep for several days, like pastas, non-lettuce-based salads and quiches will be your best friends. Things that freeze — like lasagna, meatloaf, stews and chilis — will be great time savers, and can be made months in advance. Also: What time is your wedding? Will you be serving breakfast? Brunch? A full dinner? Scheduling your nuptials at an off-meal time can make cooking and planning simpler. Snacks, anyone?
Advance Prep: Once you decide on the types of food you want to serve, think about what can be done in advance. What else do you have to do the days before the wedding — appointments, responsibilities? On the day of your wedding, do you want to be taking photos with your family or stirring pasta? Think about foods that can be prepared in advance and frozen or refrigerated. Consider dishes that require only minimal assembly before being served. Plus: don't forget about the things a caterer would supply that you'll be responsible for: linens, plates, silverware, drinks, glasses, centerpieces. Checklists are your friends here, people!
Mixing: Perhaps you can cook the dinner, but what about the cake? Maybe you'll provide the main courses, but what about bread? Think about making some of the food yourself, and purchasing the rest. Nobody will leave the reception thinking: "I can't believe she didn't make the salad dressing."
Keeping all these considerations in mind, here are some of our favorite ideas for wedding reception meals you can make yourself. Please leave your own in the comments below!
Difficulty Level: Intermediate
Finger foods can be a great meal to make yourself. Whether served buffet style or by wait-staff, there are dozens of options for these type of dishes on your special day. Some ideas: veggies and dips, assorted cheeses, fruit and nuts, popcorn chicken, shrimp cocktail, mini toasts, stuffed mushrooms, mini quiches, deviled eggs or cocktail meatballs. This way you can provide a variety of different dishes without needing to make an entire dinner — and things like veggies, cheeses and deli just require slicing and serving.
Get more tips on making finger foods for your wedding reception at Team Wedding!
Difficulty Level: Easy
A sandwich buffet at your wedding reception is fun, simple to organize and allows each guest to create their own dinner. Offer a variety of breads, cold meats, cheeses, vegetables, sauces, plus side salads, and every visitor can make their own sandwich with little prep needed by you. This method also works if you don't have any kitchen facilities on hand, as nothing needs to be heated. Plus — you'll save money on providing silverware: if there's anything you should eat with your hands, it's a sandwich.
Get more tips on having a sandwich buffet at your wedding reception at Forkable!
Difficulty Level: Intermediate
Planning a wedding reception barbecue is a fun idea for a casual, outdoor wedding. The sides and snacks can be prepared in advance, but you'll have to have someone (ideally at least 2 people) to man the grill during the event. Hot dogs and hamburgers are great for kids, but for a more sophisticated touch you can serve marinated skirt steak, gourmet sausages, shish kebabs, pork tenderloin and other dishes. You may want to consider par-cooking the food earlier in the day and then finishing it during the reception, so your guests aren't left hungry while they're waiting for their meal. It's also good to consult your guest list for vegetarians when choosing this option. Don't worry — they make tofu everything nowadays.
Get more tips on making barbecue for your wedding reception at Do It Yourself Weddings!
Difficulty Level: Easy
A potluck wedding reception is the lowest budget option — and can be a lot of fun for a small (under 50 people), casual crowd. The biggest thing to keep in mind is variety — so I don't recommend letting loose and seeing what shows up — nobody wants 10 pasta primaveras! You may choose to make one main dish yourself, and ask guests to bring salads, sides and desserts, or you can group people together and assign them all one type of dish. Just keep track of who is bringing what, and especially what heating equipment you'll need — and make sure to have someone else organizing and reheating on the day itself.
Get more tips on having a potluck at your wedding reception at Super Weddings!
Image credits (from top): Jupiterimages / Getty Images, Thinkstock Photos, Thinkstock Photos, Jupiterimages / Getty Images and Thinkstock Photos


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by Staff Writers
Munich, Germany (SPX) Feb 26, 2013
The islands Reunion and Mauritius, both well-known tourist destinations, are hiding a micro-continent, which has now been discovered. The continent fragment known as Mauritia detached about 60 million years ago while Madagascar and India drifted apart, and had been hidden under huge masses of lava.
Such micro-continents in the oceans seem to occur more frequently than previously thought, says a study in the latest issue of Nature Geoscience ("A Precambrian microcontinent in the Indian Ocean," Nature Geoscience, Vol 6, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1736).
The break-up of continents is often associated with mantle plumes: These giant bubbles of hot rock rise from the deep mantle and soften the tectonic plates from below, until the plates break apart at the hotspots. This is how Eastern Gondwana broke apart about 170 million years ago. At first, one part was separated, which in turn fragmented into Madagascar, India, Australia and Antarctica, which then migrated to their present position.
Plumes currently situated underneath the islands Marion and Reunion appear to have played a role in the emergence of the Indian Ocean. If the zone of the rupture lies at the edge of a land mass (in this case Madagascar / India), fragments of this land mass may be separated off. The Seychelles are a well-known example of such a continental fragment.
A group of geoscientists from Norway, South Africa, Britain and Germany have now published a study that suggests, based on the study of lava sand grains from the beach of Mauritius, the existence of further fragments.
The sand grains contain semi-precious zircons aged between 660 and 1970 million years, which is explained by the fact that the zircons were carried by the lava as it pushed through subjacent continental crust of this age.
This dating method was supplemented by a recalculation of plate tectonics, which explains exactly how and where the fragments ended up in the Indian Ocean. Dr. Bernhard Steinberger of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Dr. Pavel Doubrovine of Oslo University calculated the hotspot trail: "On the one hand, it shows the position of the plates relative to the two hotspots at the time of the rupture, which points towards a causal relation," says
Steinberger. "On the other hand, we were able to show that the continent fragments continued to wander almost exactly over the Reunion plume, which explains how they were covered by volcanic rock."
So what was previously interpreted only as the trail of the Reunion hotspot, are continental fragments which were previously not recognized as such because they were covered by the volcanic rocks of the Reunion plume. It therefore appears that such micro-continents in the ocean occur more frequently than previously thought.
Torsvik, T.H., Amundsen, H., Hartz, E.H., Corfu, F., Kusznir, N., Gaina, C., Doubrovine, P.V., Steinberger B., Ashwal, L.D. and Jamtveit, B., "A Precambrian microcontinent in the Indian Ocean", Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, doi:10.1038/NGEO1736.
Related Links
Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Tectonic Science and News
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Scotch-Irish-L ArchivesArchiver > Scotch-Irish > 2002-10 > 1034992131
From: "David Hamilton Peter" <>
Subject: Re: [Scotch-Irish] Surnames
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2002 18:57:16 -0700
References: <email@example.com>
The Scotch-Irish surnames I am researching are:
HUNTER - possibly from County Tyrone, emigranted to Pennsylvania then on to
Jefferson Co, Ohio in the 1790's.
HAMILTON - from Belfast, Ireland emigrated in 1733 to Leacock Twp, Lancaster
Co, Pennsylvania.
MCILVAINE (MCILWAIN)- from County Antrim to Lancaster Co, Pennsylvania early
to mid 1700's.
SHARPE - from Northern Ireland to Cecil Co, Maryland in the early 1700's.
WHERRY - from Northern Ireland to Pennsylvania-Maryland border area in the
early 1700's
McCREERY - from Northern Ireland to Virginia in the early 1700's.
FRAZER - from Northern Ireland to Virginia in the early 1700's.
LEONARD - from Northern Ireland to Pennsylvania in the early 1700's
Anyone else researching these Surnames.
Dave Peter
Las Vegas, Nevada
This thread:
|Re: [Scotch-Irish] Surnames by "David Hamilton Peter" <>


text:
Hello all, I am just into a completion of my PSD template.. But doesn't seem to know what to include in the Documentation.. Does anyone know? I understand that a Documentation is required for HTML/Wordpress to explain it but just don't know what to write for PSD.. Does anyone have a sample Documentation for it.. Please Help, anyone!
Please Please Please! Thanks!
i have also the same problem bro
Explain fonts used, what each file is etc just something simple to explain the PSD a bit more
- thank you message
- whats included
- explain the structure of your layers
- explain any hidden layers (for hover effects)
- explain any masked layers
- sources and credits
- contact


text:
Project DescriptionTodd Gordon Mather Architect was originally asked to assess the possibility of renovating an existing 1,600 square foot cabin situated along Tahoe's West Shore. Due to the lack of upper level headroom, non-existent foundation, poor construction, non-code-compliant stairway, excessive water damage, structural floor joists in contact with the earth below the house, and lack of modern utilities throughout, his recommendation was to tear down the existing cabin and rebuild in a similar manner.
Henry and Katie Bunsow's goals for the new home included enhancing the lake views through an adjacent park toward Lake Tahoe. They wished for a cabin-in-the-woods feel that was to be reflected in a quaint cottage that might resemble the original cabin in size, room count and amenities. The home's exterior materials were to be selected both to enhance the owners' aesthetic goals but also such that maintenance were to be kept to a minimum. Henry and Katie wished to have a home with few interior doors and a good amount of sunlight. The home was to be situated to take advantage of the adjacent open lot to its south. The cottage was to have a floor plan in which made the diminutive home feel spacious. Finally, quality construction was imperative.
Mather's careful location of the building and shape relates to the open space to the south and mimic the original cabin's form. Careful placement of rooms and windows were seminal to achieve views from the Living Room, Reading Loft, Master Bedroom, and Kitchen toward Lake Tahoe.
The 1,868 square foot home is only slightly larger than the original but through the increase of the two bedrooms from their 7'x10' sizes to something more spacious and appropriate for today's use. The home remains a two-suite residence.
An open staircase allows daylight to pour in from an expansive window making the stair feel gracious. Open iron railings at the Reading Loft, a doorless Den, Master Closet and Master Bath, vaulted ceilings, and a compact yet open floor plan meets the owners' goal for a spacious-yet-small cottage.
The cottage aesthetic is further achieved through the inclusion of stone exterior stairs, and the exterior siding. The entire house is wrapped in recycled Utah barn wood. This resilient and maintenance-free siding is carefully mitered at the corners so exterior trim could be minimized. This detail complements the home's shape and size. The ratio of windows to walls and the proportions of the windows themselves add to the home's timeless feel as if it had been built a century earlier. The home's exterior base is clad with a quintessential stone wainscot which durably and firmly grounds the building to the earth among the thick ferns. TGMA coordinated with civil engineers to certify floor heights and design the foundation's flood vents due to the home's location in a FEMA flood zone.
Katie, a self-taught interior designer, selected the interior materials, finishes and products to further augment their aesthetic goals. She furnished her home with an extensive, refined collection of American antiques incorporating some into the vanities, kitchen bar and mantle. A Dutch door at the Mudroom entry was the owner's idea.
The home's simple, compact shape includes a double-cantilevered upper floor and intersecting gable roofs. Carefully located shed dormers and a Romeo & Juliet balcony were also added to achieve the owner's aesthetic goals.
The following are features that make this home special:
• Double-cantilever upper floor (giving the home its mushroom-like shape)
• Diminutive size of the home.
• Reading Loft overlooking Lake Tahoe from above the Living Room.
• Recycled timber for interior beam work.
• Reading area and office desk shares the same room and fireplace as the Kitchen.
• Media room is only is very efficiently designed and has a daybed.
• Walk-in Master Closet is open to the bedroom and bath.
• Consistency of design to achieve the clients' cottage aesthetic.
This cottage is truly unique. The home reflects a decisive execution of excellence in its architecture, consistency in the interior and exterior design, and a very high level of construction. All the goals of the homeowner were met and exceeded. The choice to keep the home small, its massing typological, and the use of recycled materials reflect a true Lake Tahoe mountain home. Not only does the home's design nod to the West Shore's rich architectural history, it reflects both a modern solution to a current generation's need for downsized-living, timeless design and quality in materials and construction.
Environmental friendliness was considered during the design and execution of this home. Primarily, the home was built over an existing disturbed area on the property. The home's size was also kept to a minimum to reduce waste and energy consumption. Recycled barn wood graces the home's exterior.
Cost-efficiency is relative, of course. The structural system of the home was relatively simple and materials were selected in part based upon a detailed overall construction budget. The cost of the home per square foot is slightly higher than others of similar quality but that is primarily due to home's small size.
See video of this residence at: youtube.com/watch?v=8jVZxsqZP7I