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Plan to buy Weslaco hotel for unaccompanied minors scrapped
Updated 6:24 am, Thursday, July 17, 2014
Amid a rash of negative publicity, the main contractor handling the influx of unaccompanied minors from Central America, abruptly scrapped its plan to buy a resort-style hotel in Weslaco and convert it into a 600-bed residential center for the children.
The nonprofit BCFS Health and Human Services said Wednesday said it would not spend $3.8 million in "nongovernment funds" to buy the hotel because of "misinformation" reported in the media.
Conservative-learning web sites had trumpeted that the federal government planned to open a $50 million "resort for illegal children."
Last week, BCFS had submitted a request for a conditional-use permit to relocate and expand the organization's current children's shelter in Harlingen, which has been plagued bu overcrowding, to the Palm Aire Hotel.
The purchase would have allowed for the speedy transfer of children in Border Patrol custody in South Texas to the residential facility, and then an expedited release to their families, according to a BCFS press release.
News Channel
At the converted hotel, BCFS said it would have provided shelter, education, recreational activities, medical and mental health care, case management and optional religious services.
Find the complete story at www.expressnews.com


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The International Olympic Committee is launching a digital Olympic TV channel.
The channel, which will feature archive material from past Olympic games and some new material, will developed as an "over the top" channel, available via the internet.
"Over the top" services are streaming services which bypass traditional distribution such as cable television and deliver content directly to the audience.
According to reports the channel would cost $US600 million ($724 million) to operate over its first seven years.
The channel would be produced by the Olympic Broadcasting Service, the Madrid-based host broadcasting organisation that produces the Games coverage for TV every four years.
The channel could launch as early as 2015.
The IOC is hoping the channel will serve as a promotional platform for the Olympics during the four-year period between summer games.
Plans for the channel were announced as part of a wider raft of reforms approved by the Olympic organisation, which is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The list of reforms - 40 in total - were approved unanimously.
The other reforms included reducing the cost of bidding, fostering gender equality, increasing transparency and to extend access to the Olympic brand for non-commercial use.
The next block of Olympic Games - to be held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 and Tokyo in 2020 - are owned in Australia by the Seven Network.
Seven also owns the winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea, in 2018.
Those three events were secured by Seven earlier this year in a deal worth more than $150 million.
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I know very little about Scientology, and what I do know usually comes by way of entertainment news. I read a little bit at their website and watched a couple of videos this morning. Their marketing material makes it seems like a modern (maybe post-modern?), version of Gnosticism. Everything I've ever heard or read about it [Read More…]
Russell Brand, Tom Cruise & Scientology
April 26, 2013 by 11 Comments


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Bemidji Boys Soccer Visits Brainerd
What do you think?
Recent Comments on Lakeland Public Television (LPTV)
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What's the first thing that comes to mind when someone mentions dangerous fish? Few people probably think beyond sharks. However, far more people are killed each year by innocuous-looking fish species than there have been shark attacks throughout history. In fact, more people die in Australia from the effects of a honey bee sting each year than from a fatal shark attack.
Estuary Catfish, Cnidoglanis macrocephalusPhotographer: Rudie Kuiter. Source: Aquatic Photographics
Apart from the many fishes with sharp fin-spines, serrated gill-covers and wicked teeth that regularly inflict painful punctures or cuts, many fishes discourage predators by injecting venom as a form of defence. A few tropical fishes, such as the sabre-toothed blennies, even have venom glands at the base of their fang-like jaw teeth, which appear similar to the fangs of venomous snakes.
Although the sting from most species can be extremely painful, only a few species, such as the tropical Stonefish (Synanceia), possess venom that is considered to be life threatening to humans. The Stonefish has highly developed venom glands at the base of stout dorsal spines. These spines are grooved to help the venom flow into the wound. An antivenom has been developed to treat stonefish stings.
The Little Scorpionfish, Maxillacosta scabriceps, a type of Stonefish. Photographer: Rudie Kuiter. Source: Aquatic Photographics
In southern Australian waters, venomous spines are found in many unrelated fish species, including sharks, stingrays, chimaeras, catfishes, scorpionfishes, flathead, velvetfishes, old wives, boarfishes and stargazers.
Smooth Stingray, Dasyatis brevicaudataPhotographer: Rudie Kuiter. Source: Aquatic Photographics
The Information Sheets in the Venomous fishes of southern Australia series cover examples of dangerous fish from the southern region of Australia, including:
StingraysRays and Skates have a sharp venomous spine at the base of their tails that can deliver a painful wound.
Edmonds, C. 1989. Dangerous Marine Creatures. Reed, Sydney.
Gomon, M. F., Glover, C. J. M. and Kuiter, R. H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's South Coast. State Print, Adelaide.
Halstead, B. W. 1970. Poisonous and venomous marine animals of the world. Volume 3. US Goverment Printing Office, Washington DC.
Paxton, J. R. and Eschmeyer, W. N. (Eds). 2003. Encyclopedia of Fishes. 3rd Edition. Fog City Press, San Francisco.
Sutherland, S. & Sutherland, J. 1999. Venomous Creatures of Australia. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria.
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Queen 'content' island not at Cenotaph service
THE Queen is 'content' with arrangements that exclude Guernsey from the Remembrance Day Cenotaph service in London, the Prime Minister has said.
THE Queen is 'content' with arrangements that exclude Guernsey from the Remembrance Day Cenotaph service in London, the Prime Minister has said.
Confirmation of Her Majesty's position follows a request from the All-Party Parliamentary Channel Islands Group vice chair, Andrew Rosindell, that the Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories be allowed to lay a wreath at the annual ceremony.
'I can assure you that there is no question of seeking to purposefully exclude the representatives of these nations from the Cenotaph ceremony on any basis,' said Prime Minister David Cameron in a letter to the MP.
'The make-up of the Cenotaph service has remained unchanged over the years and I understand that the royal household is content with the current arrangements for the Remembrance Day service.'
Mr Rosindell did not believe it was Buckingham Palace blocking a change – he said it was those with responsibility seeking to avoid the bureaucracy it would bring.
'If the Prime Minister recommended to the Queen or Buckingham Palace that next year he wanted to introduce the Overseas Territories laying their own wreath or even just the Channel Islands I'm in no doubt that the Queen or the royal household would say that's absolutely fine,' he said.
Comments for: "Queen 'content' island not at Cenotaph service"
nicky, St Peter Port
The typical reply from a politician.
Bearing in mind the Islands' contribution to the nation's war dead over many centuries, we should pursue this matter to fruition.
well that will stop gsy and jsy fighting over who will lay the wreath.
This is a whole lot of fuss over nothing. We have our own services on Remembrance Day and whether we lay a wreath in London or not, it will not change our feelings and respect towards those who lost their lives in war.
nicky@St Peter Port
Of course Her Majesty is "content" with the present arrangements. It all depends on how the question was put to her.
I was there.
She was FUMING!
Dave Jones
That's very funny
I love it .
Tony Webber
This matter is being pursued and Andrew Rosindell, MP, is being a great help.
It is appalling that UK politician are using Her Majesty the Queen when they haven't even asked her properly.
This is a political decision and the Queen takes the advice given to her by her Prime Minister.
I am sure Her Majesty will be fuming about this, but privately of course. She cannot publicly criticise politicians.
All parts of the British Isles have their own Sunday Cenotaph Services, the same as we do.
What this campaign is all about is Guernsey and Jersey having the same recognition as everyone else at the national service in London.
After all, all Commonwealth countries lay their own wreaths, so why not the Crown Dependencies.
It simply cannot be right that no wreath is currently laid on behalf of Guernsey and Jersey.
I am sure that after many years of lack of recognition of the contribution by the Channel Islands, that will at last be put right.
Tony, here's some news for you. Nobody apart from one or two very sad people give a flying fig as to whether or not these islands are directly represented at the Cenotaph. As Dan said in post number 3 THIS IS A WHOLE LOT OF FUSS OVER NOTHING. Do you get it now?
scrutiny today
I point you here for a reason why...
like a kid
tell you what tony - attach the following words IN BIG BOLD TYPE to your wreaths and i'm with you all the way.
Dulce Et Decorum Est
Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of disappointed shells that dropped behind.
GAS! Gas! Quick, boys!-- An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And floundering like a man in fire or lime.--
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.
In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.
If in some smothering dreams you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,--
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.
Wilfred Owen (1893 to 1918)
Tony Webber
I am a great fan of Wilfred Owen so no objection to his work being included in Remembrance events.
The fact that Guernsey and Jersey have not had an invitation to lay a wreath is nothing to do with the Channel Islands being occupied.
We were in no different a position to France, and thankfully we were all eventually liberated.
Channel Islanders have made huge contributions in conflicts since the First World War, and many people feel it is time that this was recognised at the national Sunday Cenotaph service.
I agree that it is obviously not the most important political issue, but that doesn't mean that this wrong should not be put right.
Andrew Rosindell,MP, the Vice Chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Group, has spoken with both Senator Ian Gorst and Deputy Peter Harwood and received a positive response from them for his efforts.
He is now awaiting a meeting with the Prime Minister and Maria Miller on the subject, and I am hopeful of a positive outcome.
What is goin on, the war ended over 70 years ago and now this subject is now being brought up.
I bet HM is wondering why this is important now but not in the past.
No worries she has been on Google and checked out those pushing for it, hence her being not bothered.
Tony Webber
The reason this has more significance now is because it is the centenary of the start of the First World War in 2014, and the Royal Guernsey Light Infantry in particular suffered horrendous casualties.
In Guernsey, we will be doing something extra to commemorate this.
Likewise, it is important that we have the national recognition for the part Guernsey played in not just that war, but in the many conflicts since then.
It is true that the Remembrance period is seen as more significant than in the recent past. This is probably to do with the fact that the war in Afghanistan has reminded people of the sacrifices made by many in numerous conflicts during and since the Second World War.
It is very easy on the internet to make a comment that the Queen is not "bothered," but it is in fact quite disrespectful to say that, particularly as Her Majesty cannot engage in political discourse.
Her Majesty has to go along with what her politicians advise her, which is why Andrew Rosindell is going to speak with the Prime Minister and Maria Miller to get them to ensure an invitation is given to Guernsey and Jersey to attend the cenotaph service, like other Commonwealth countries.
The campaign for the Channel Islands to lay wreaths is not just now coming up. It has actually been building up for some years and now has a great deal of support, politically and otherwise.
Andrew Rosindell in fact laid his Early Day Parliamentary motion in 2010 and it received major cross party support and NO opposition.
This was supposed to happen this year in 2013 but did not go ahead, not due to the Queen, but the government, for no logical reason at all.
Island Wide Voting
I can't quite get my head around the idea of celebrating the START of the First World War
Surely it would make more sense to celebrate the END of that war
I think it will actually turn into the start of 4 long years of commemoration. Very, very long years. I'm sure 11/11/18 will be huge. Personally I just hope they don't turn remembering those poor souls who died in WWI into a recruitment drive to get cannon fodder for current lost causes and misadventures.


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Facing TV Problems? Ask a TV Technician.
Hi and thank you for using justanswer.I`m going to help you with your tv but first i will have a few questions;
You are saying that this problem has been there for a while now ?Getting worse everyday ?
Is that red light flashing at the front ?
Also, Could you please lookup your tv`s model number located on the back cover ?
I will wait for a while to see if you become available for chat, just send me a reply and i should be with you within a couple of minutes.
This has happened before, maybe 3 times over the past month, but by no means on a regular basis
The red light is on but not flashing
the model is DX-32L150A11
O.k thank youThere is not much info on your model so this may require a bit of troubleshooting.
Can you try to knock or tap the sides and rear of the tv then try to turn it on ?I know this may seem basic but the idea is to see if perhaps there might be a loose connection inside the set.
I'll give it a shot
tried it, sorry, no luck
Did you try to unplug it 5 minutes or so today ?
Yes, for over an hour
The first two circuits to suspect in your case is; the power supply circuit and the main board, if you want to take a look inside , i have pictures of those boards.
I would have a few components for you to look at.
cool, so first I remove the back of the TV?
That would be the first thing yes
what i can do is switch this chat to standard Q&A mode and you will get an email with a link to get back to me once you are ready.
In the mean time i will upload those pictures.
Talk to you soon and check your emails in a few
We are now in Q&A mode.
Here is the first circuit, that is the power supply board.
You`ll see that i circled some capacitors, i`d like you to look at them closely to see if any of them appear to have a rounded/swollen top compare to others.
Their tops should be perfectly flat.
Here it is;
o.k then here is your main board, i`d like you to try and pull out and back in all the connectors on it, same thing on the power circuit .
If you removed the stand in order to remove the back cover, you can re-install it temporarily and stand up the tv.
Plug it in and push on the connectors while you try to turn it on.
No problem, this is not like the old tv sets that kept voltages charged in the picture tube.
If you`re not crazy about the idea then you could put on some rubber gloves.
Just keep on hand off the metal chassis while you`re working with the other one.
The connectors are the plugs that connect with wires to the circuit board and usually you can just pull them off and on by hand although some of them might have a clip that you need to squeeze in order to unlock them.
By the way; do you have a voltmeter ??
Sorry was a bit busy.
Some of those connectors might be stiff to come out, if they don`t want to come its o.k let them be and just make sure they are pushed in securely.
You don`t want to pull too hard on the wiring and break any !!
Well, then i`m afraid the next steps would be to measure the voltages coming in and out of the power supply circuit .
If i was shure enough of the power supply being defective, i would give you an address where you could get it but without measurements i cannot be positive on that.
It could be your main board who is defective just as well.


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Using EUSD Edmodo (Project LIVE Group)
Post to the appropriate group: Project LIVE, Project LIVE Newbies, Project LIVE FCP X
If you're turning something in, put the name of it and your name somewhere in the post (e.g. Shannon's script, pitch, project, etc.)
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Film Featurette:
Storytelling in 30 Seconds
Greatest Film Trailers Ever
iMovie '11 Trailers Project
This is going to be a very frenetic session. You are going to have to work quickly and efficiently. Please be back, ready to present,
by 5:15
Plan it Out
File > New Project > Movie Trailers
; only one project per team.
template (to save time).
Very quickly, develop a faux storyline. Make it as fantastical/outrageous as you like so long as you can get close-enough-to-be-believed shots to fill it out.
Fill in the
Outline tab
; maybe some new ideas will develop as you do.
Fill in the
text. Does it imply a story? This gives the context to the clips.
For each clip in the
Shot List
), make notes on your worksheet for what you'll shoot. You want to have a very solid idea of what you're going to be shooting before doing so.
Shoot the Scene
With your Storyboard (or Shot List) filled out, shoot each scene in whatever order makes best sense. Notice the screen time for each shot . Make sure to get a little extra.
Review your clips before uploading to the computer.
You don't need to worry about sound, although you can turn it on if you need it.
Publish your Work
Put the SD card into the SD slot on the laptop.
Upload your clips (click on the Camera icon if the Import window doesn't open automatically).
Create a
Event in iMovie '11. Make sure to give it an
appropriate name
; size set to
If you shot your clips in the order of the storyboard, it should be easy to find which shot goes with which panel. If you filmed out of sequence, quick skimming (and your notes) should help you find what you need.
Click in the first panel of the Storyboard; then skim over the clip you want to go there until you see the frame you want to use as the first frame. Then click once to load it into the panel.
After loading the first clip, it'll jump to the next panel, ready for you to repeat the process until all panels are filled with appropriate clips.
To replace a clip in a panel, click once on the panel to select it. Then skim until you're on the frame you want from the new clip; click once.
When all of the clips are placed and all of the text has been changed, preview your trailer. Make any necessary tweaks.
When you're satisfied, choose
Share > Export Movie > Medium
Bring that exported file to the presentation computer
by 5:15
(on a thumb drive).
If you want to do something the straight-jacket of the trailer won't allow (like use stills), complete as much as you can then choose
File > Convert to Project
. That will turn the trailer into a regular iMovie '11 project that can be altered in any way (replace placeholders with stills, change the music, etc.). No going back, though, so Duplicate the project first (Control-click on project file in the Project Library).
You can build an entire storyboard using the
Animatics Placeholders
in a regular project. You'll find them under the
icon of the
panel. Once in place any
can be changed (e.g. Close up to Wide Shot) by double-clicking on it. The duration can be altered here, too. This could serve as the storyboard for the project, with the script guiding what kind of animatic should be placed when and where. When it's done, a
shot list
could be done on paper to guide the filming. When filming is done and imported into an Event, drag the footage you want for a shot onto the Animatic for that shot until you see the "+" sign. Let go and choose
(not any of the other options). The footage will replace the
, adjusting the timing to fit the length of the clip you dragged on. Continue for the other clips until all Animatics have been replaced.
Frank Maggi,
Sep 28, 2011, 1:54 PM
Frank Maggi,
Sep 27, 2011, 10:57 AM
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Do you need to sell a note you carried back when you sold you home or other piece of real estate?- Your are on the right websites, we buy both real estate and business notes.
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The current market value is what a note appraisal produces. It is similar to what a real estate appraisal is provided for real property.
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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
A fully integrated humidity sensor chip was designed, implemented, and tested. Utilizing the micro-stamping technology, the pseudo-3D sensor system-on-chip (SSoC) architecture can be implemented by stacking sensing materials directly on the top of a CMOS-fabricated chip. The fabricated sensor system-on-chip (2.28 mm × 2.48 mm) integrated a humidity sensor, an interface circuit, a digital controller, and an On-Off Keying (OOK) wireless transceiver. With low power consumption,
With the advancement of communication and information technologies, sensor networks have become an emerging technology to be developed for the next generation [
Among the various sensing quantities sought in different applications, humidity is one of the most important factors [
With the circuits fabricated by a CMOS process, specifically the Fe-Al-polyaniline humidity sensing material is micro-stamped on the top of CMOS circuits to form the pseudo three-dimensional (3D) sensor chip architecture. 3D integration is one of the methods to integrate heterogeneous layers with interconnecting metal lines to improve performance or create new functions of chips [
To fabricate the sensing material, a solution-based process has been developed [
The fundamental sensing mechanism of the polyaniline film has been investigated in previous works [
To the analog front-end (AFE) circuit, the humidity sensing device plays as a variable resistance in the voltage dividing circuit, as shown in
After the sensing is amplified, the sensing signal is then translated into digital data by a 10-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter SAR ADC with low power consumption. With the help of a built-in digital signal processor (8051-based), this digital data is packaged into RS232 format to be sent by OOK wireless circuits (TX/RX) to an external host,
To implement the proposed system architecture, the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35 μm two-polysilicon-four-metal (2P4M) CMOS process is employed to implement the humidity sensor system. Previously designed analog and digital circuits are implemented following a standard CMOS process flow. The top metal layer (Metal 4) of the chip is used as the interdigitated electrodes. These interdigitated electrodes are directly connected to the AFE input by vias. It should be noted that the position of the intedigitated electrodes is on the top of the chopper DDA and OOK TX/RX to form the proposed pseudo-3D architecture. On the top of interdigitated electrodes, a layer of gold is e-beam evaporated to form a good contact to the sensing material [
The humidity sensing experiment was designed and used to determine the performance of the developed heterogeneous humidity sensing SoC. The testing board module can be seen in
The fabricated sensor chip photo and electrical performance are shown in
To examine if the sensing material is functional on the top of the interdigitated electrodes on the fabricated chip, the humidity SSoC was placed into a controlled chamber. With gating the injection of different relative humidity into the chamber, the voltage signal at the output of AFE was measured by Keithley 2400 source-meter. The experimental date of a single humidity injection can be shown in
In this work, a fully-integrated humidity sensor system-on-chip (SSoC) is demonstrated. The SSoC is fabricated by the TSMC 0.35 2P4M CMOS process. Implemented by a micro-stamping technique to stack the sensing device on the top of CMOS circuits, the SSoC can be formed in a pseudo 3D architecture to obtain an ultra-small form factor (5.65 mm2). With low power consumption,
The author would like to thank the financial supporting from National Science Council (NSC 99-2218-E-002-017 and NSC 100-2911-I-002-001) and National Taiwan University (101R7501).
The schematic of the developed sensing film transferred onto CMOS chip: (
The schematic of analog front-end (AFE) readout circuit.
The block diagram of the developed humidity sensor system-on-chip (SSoC).
The picture of testing board module including the SSoC at the center.
Chip photo and performance table of humidity sensing SoC.
The response time test result. The initial relative humidity (RH) of experiment is about 36%. Then injecting the water vapor (ON state), the relative humidity becomes 64%. After about 600 sec, to remove the vapor (OFF state) the voltage signal falls to its initial value rapidly in room temperature.
The sensitivity of the developed humidity SSoC. In this figure, data shows the mean ± standard deviation of the experimental measurement. Since the result after digital signal process is the same as the AFE output, it should be noted that this result shows the relationship between AFE output voltage and RH.


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Educator - 2011
As part of our commitment to education, the Public Media Commons works with educators from around the region providing professional development in areas of media literacy education, youth media production, and digital storytelling. We offer a variety of professional development workshops and trainings both internally and through partnerships with external organizations, such as the DCIU, Rosemont College, the University of the Sciences, and the University of Pennsylvania.
If you are an educator and are interested working with the Hamilton Commons, contact us at 215-351-3318.
Visual Storytelling
As part of a workshop developed to equip teachers with skills in visual and digital storytelling, participants produced short first-person narratives, employing a variety of storytelling methods. The purpose of this course is to deconstruct the process of producing digital media, starting with written narratives, moving to drawn or illustrated narratives, and culminating in processing these digitally. Lessons and tutorial videos that can demonstrate how to reproduce this in your class will be available shortly. Examples of videos made by educators in this workshop are below:


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Books & More
Favorite Quotes
"In a very real sense, people who have read good literature have lived more than people who cannot or will not read. It is not true that we have only one life to lead; if we can read, we can live as many more lives and as many kinds of lives as we wish. "
— S.I. Hayakawa
Reader's Link
Browsing all staff pick reviews written by 'counterpoint'
Title: The Luminaries
By: Eleanor Catton
The gold rush in New Zealand! After a disturbing and eerie experience on the ship he arrived on, Walter Moody stumbles upon a disparate group of men in the back room of a hotel—men with competing and compelling stories to tell. If you love densely interwoven, multi-charactered historical fiction, please ... [Read more]
Posted by counterpoint on Nov. 15, 2014
Tags: fiction
0 Comments
Title: The Ghost Bride
By: Yangsze Choo
Intelligent, adventurous Li Lan, the only daughter of a scholarly but poor father, receives an unusual proposal of marriage from a wealthy Chinese Malaysian family in Malacca. Her father at first resists the notion of a "ghost marriage" between his daughter and the deceased son of the Lim family, but ... [Read more]
Posted by counterpoint on May 18, 2014
Tags: fiction
0 Comments
Title: The Golem and the Jinni: a novel
By: Helene Wecker
Bored with vampires and werewolves? Dive into this entertaining book about two mythical creatures who may never have been paired in a work of fiction before. A golem created in Poland and a jinni from Syria intersect in New York City (where else). The golem, whose master died on the ... [Read more]
Posted by counterpoint on Dec. 16, 2013
Tags: fiction
0 Comments
Book Kits
To help your book discussion group, we've gathered a collection of popular paperback titles and sorted them into kits which can be sent to you upon request.Learn more... Browse titles...
Upcoming Book Events...
Wed, July 26
Thu, July 27


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by Staff Writers
Beijing (AFP) June 19, 2013
Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group announced Wednesday it will invest nearly $1.6 billion to acquire British yacht maker Sunseeker and build London's tallest residential towers.
The plans mark the latest foray by Chinese investors into the West's luxury market at a time when Europe is grappling with a debt crisis.
"This is further significant progress in the internationalisation of Wanda Group," the company, whose interests range from property to tourism and retail, said in a statement.
It said it will spend 320 million pounds ($500 million) to buy 91.8 percent of Sunseeker.
The remaining shares will be bought by Sunseeker's existing management "at the same price Wanda offers", the company said, adding it would keep all staff at the British firm after the acquisition concludes.
The takeover has won approval from the National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planning agency, and will be completed "soon", it added.
It will invest another 700 million pounds to construct a "super five star" hotel and residential complex in Wandsworth in west London, including two 200 metres (660 feet) towers -- billed as the tallest of their kind in the city.
"The world's luxury hotel market has been occupied by foreign brands and there have been no Chinese five-star hotels overseas," Wanda chairman Wang Jianlin said in the statement.
"Wanda has decided to be the pioneer and change this situation," he said, adding the company plans to build hotels of its own brand in eight to 10 "major cities throughout the world" within the next decade.
The announcement came after the firm, owned by one of China's richest men, last year agreed to acquire cinema chain AMC Entertainment for $2.6 billion. Chinese media reported Wanda would pay an additional $500 million after the takeover.
Wanda, which has total assets of 300 billion yuan ($49 billion), was founded in 1988. Its net profit topped 10 billion yuan last year, which the company aims to double by 2015, according to its website.
China is encouraging its companies to buy up assets around the globe, seeking to diversify the portfolio of its foreign exchange stockpile, acquire resources and expand its share of world markets.
The country's overseas investment in non-financial sectors in January-May rose 20 percent year-on-year to $34.3 billion, according to the latest figures announced Tuesday.
In one of the most high-profile acquisitions, privately owned Chinese auto maker Geely bought Sweden's Volvo Cars from Ford Motor in 2010 for $1.5 billion.
The two main shareholders in upmarket holiday group Club Mediterranee, including China's Fosun, said last month that they would make a bid to buy all shares in the company.
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Looks like SunBlossom Gardens is no longer available on Rent.com which means this information is likely out of date.
Sunblossom Gardens has a special atmosphere and environment that sets quality standards in apartment homes. All of our features and amenities are designed to enhance resident appeal and make this your 'real' and valued home and community.
Lease Terms: 6,7,12 and 13 months. Security Deposit: $200-$300. Pet Policy: 2 pet maximum, 25 lbs. weight limit, $150 pet deposit, $150 non-refundable pet fee.
Dogs Allowed. Cats Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
308 units
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Renegades convert 6-4-3-5 triple play
Sole's instincts, Gillaspie's arm help Hudson Valley escape jam
By Jake Seiner / MiLB.com | August 25, 2014 11:06 PM ET
Casey Gillaspie saw Jamill Moquete hesitate between second and third base, and immediately, the thought crossed his mind.
"It was kind of nerve-wracking," the Rays' top prospect said. "As soon as I caught the ball from second base, I knew we had a chance to complete a triple play."
The Hudson Valley first baseman saw the opportunity and took it for the Renegades. The team ended the second inning with a 6-4-3-5 triple play in a 7-6 New York-Penn League loss to Class A Short Season Aberdeen on Monday.
The IronBirds started the second with a pair of baserunners -- Moquete reached on a walk and Hector Veloz reached on a throwing error by third baseman Grant Kay.
The next hitter, Oswill Lartiguez, hit a soft liner to the left of second base. Hudson Valley shortstop Alec Sole wasn't at double-play depth, and as he approached the liner, he made the mostly instinctual decision to let the ball drop just in front of his glove.
"I had the route where I could've cut it off and maybe caught it," he said. "But I maybe took a back route and waited for it to drop to the ground."
Sole scooped the soft liner on a short hop, which evidently confused Moquete. The baserunner froze, looking back at Sole behind him, then made his first move toward second to avoid being doubled off if Sole had caught the ball.
"I saw him standing there, and I was like, 'Whoa, what is he doing?'" Sole said. "Instinct took over and I threw to second."
Sole's flipped the ball to second baseman Jace Conrad, who relayed the ball to Gillaspie at first. In the meantime, Moquete -- apparently realizing Sole had not caught the liner -- turned back toward third.
Gillaspie noticed Moquete heading for third and when he received Conrad's throw, the first baseman winged the ball to Kay at third. Kay applied the tag on a sliding Moquete to complete the inning-ender.
"It was funny because Casey threw the ball to third, and I was still processing," Sole said. "Then he tagged him out, and I just yelled, 'Triple play!'"
The triple play was the first such career feat for Sole, Gillaspie and Kay.
"It was just exciting," Gillaspie said. "You play every day and stuff like that barely ever happens, especially in that manner. To be a part of the reason that happened, it's a pretty cool experience."
"Everybody got really excited," Kay said. "We were all hyped in the dugout. The fans were into it too. It was probably one of the coolest plays I've been a part of."
Conrad added a solo shot in the fourth, his second long ball of the season.
Veloz finished with a homer, a double, two RBIs and two runs. Stephen Wilkerson also went yard for Aberdeen.
Jake Seiner is a contributor to MiLB.com. Follow him on Twitter at @Jake_Seiner. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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Lucille Mae Bowles
Lucy is the daughter of Leonard Gordon Bowles and Mary Ida Murrah. She is from LaGrange, GA. Chipley, Pine Mountain area.
She is my grandmother. She was married to my dad's dad, George Alander Mooney. Before that she was married to W Fryer. After my grandpa, she married Harmon Howes. She had 5 children. Aubrey Mae Fryer, George Mooney, Oscar Mooney, Dorothy Mooney (Rawlerson/Watson), and my dad Earl Leonard Mooney. She lived to be 96 years old and died May7 1989, 9 days before my son was born.
She wrote articles for FATE magazine, painted, and was young...even when she was old.


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Tagged: 'Progressive Field'
Atlanta Braves Only Team Still Under 50 Losses
August 21st, 2013 at 11:16 AM
The Atlanta Braves have had a spectacular season, there is no doubt about it. It's hard to argue with a 15-game division lead, not to mention the best record in baseball (76-49), with the closest team, the Pittsburgh Pirates, a full two games behind. The Braves have won 13 out of 17...


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Use castle clash hack to achieve this goal
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Fri, Jul 18 2014 06:57 PM Posted By: Phillip Brents
Park View had its vaunted Blue Bombers and Eastlake had its California Golden Boys both reach for immortality at the Little League World Series.
But what to call Sweetwater Valley's newly-minted California Section 7 champions? How about the Bonita Blasters for lack of a better word choice?
Certainly, the District 42 champions earned that moniker after sending balls flying over the fence in routine fashion while blasting their way to this year's section title.
Sweetwater Valley nailed down this year's section championship on Tuesday with a 14-2 win over District 22 champion Brawley at the Sweetwater Valley Little League complex.
Previously, Sweetwater Valley bombed Rancho San Diego by a score of 16-2 in the teams' tournament opener last Saturday and tacked on a 13-4 victory against Brawley the following day in a winners bracket contest.
All totaled, Sweetwater Valley amassed 42 hits and 43 runs in the three games.
Those are prolific numbers at any level.
But it just appears par for the course for this group of high achievers, many of whom have played together since the start of the district's 8U Tournament of Champions division.
The group is currently on a string of three consecutive district championships and two section titles.
Eight of the players on this year's 12U SVLL all-star team were members of last year's district and section championship 11U all-star squad.
"I've coached the majority of these kids on our travel ball team, so I know them inside and out," Sweetwater Valley manager Ward Lannom explained. "We don't have the dominant pitching that some of the other teams have but we have good overall pitching and we can hit the ball and play good defense. I tell the kids that good things will happen if we can out-hit the other team."
Sweetwater Valley rapped out 14 hits in Tuesday's championship game victory. Carlos Michel, Jordan Thompson and Jake Rose each slammed home runs, and starting pitcher Wyatt Lannom struck out nine batters and allowed three hits in five innings of work in the run-rule contest.
The younger Lannom tossed 55 pitches in the five frames. "That's 11 pitches per inning," the elder Lannom noted. "He did well."
Wyatt Lannom also picked up the win in the team's opening game against Rancho SD. He struck out nine and gave up three hits. He pitched all but two outs in the game after reaching the 50-pitch count.
Chris Miranda went three innings with four strikeouts in the first game against Brawley, with Michel and Thompson closing out the game in relief.
The District 42 champs blasted four home runs against RSD, including a grand slam by Wyatt Lannom. Miranda, Thompson and Kaden Nichols also hit homers.
Cruise control
Brawley defeated Rancho San Diego, 7-3, in Monday's challenger bracket final to draw a championship rematch with Sweetwater Valley. But 14 hits and 14 runs later, it was Sweetwater Valley emerging victorious with its second championship banner of summer all-star tournament play.
Sweetwater Valley defeated Eastlake, 13-1, to win the District 42 championship on July 6. In four district games, Sweetwater Valley out-scored its opponents 52-9.
Including the team's prolific 43-8 run-scoring differential in section play, Sweetwater Valley has outscored its opponents by a whopping 95-17 margin and out-hit its foes 99-33 in fashioning its rather sharp 7-0 post-season record.
Up next is this weekend's Southern California-South Sub-Division III tournament at Fletcher Hills Little League.
Sweetwater Valley will open play Sunday at 6:30 p.m. against the winner of Saturday's contest pitting the Section 9 and Section 10 champions.
Despite run-ruling its opponents in four of its seven games so far, Ward Lannom said the road to Williamsport, Pa., only "gets tougher."
"Those are two very dominant teams," the SVLL manager noted. "We'll have to have good pitching and good defense. Our goal is to out-hit the other team."
If they can do that, good things could happen.
California Section 7 Championship Tournaments
10U Division
(Host: District 22/El Centro)
Friday, July 11
Chula Vista American (District 42) 10, Fletcher Hills (District 41) 0
Brawley (District 22) 10, Las Palmas (District 66) 9
Saturday, July 12
Chula Vista American (District 42) 12, Brawley (District 22) 1
Fletcher Hills (District 41) 11, Las Palmas (District 66) 0
Sunday, July 13
Fletcher Hills (District 41) defeated Brawley (District 22), score unavailable
Monday, July 14
Fletcher Hills (District 41) 5, Chula Vista American (District 42)4
Tuesday, July 15
Championship game
Chula Vista American (District 42) 7, Fletcher Hills (District 41) 6 (7 innings)
Note: Chula Vista American wins section championship
11U Division
(Hosted by District 66/Spring Valley)
Friday, July 11
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 11, Lemon Grove (District 66) 1
Rancho San Diego (District 41) 16, Imperial (District 22) 1
Saturday, July 12
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 18, Rancho San Diego (District 41) 1
Imperial (District 22) 17, Lemon Grove (District 66) 6
Sunday, July 13
Challenger Bracket Final
Rancho San Diego (District 41) 20, Imperial (District 22) 3
Monday, July 14
Championship game
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 15, Rancho San Diego (District 41) 5
Note: Sweetwater Valley wins section championship
12U Division
(Host: District 42/Sweetwater Valley)
Saturday, July 12
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 16, Rancho San Diego (District 41) 2
Brawley (District 22) 11, Lemon Grove (District 66) 5
Sunday, July 13
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 13, Brawley (District 22) 4
Rancho San Diego (District 41) 14, Lemon Grove (District 66) 3
Monday, July 14
Challenger Bracket Final
Brawley (District 22) 7, Rancho San Diego (District 41) 3
Tuesday, July 15
Championship game
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 14,. Brawley (District 22) 2
Note: Sweetwater Valley wins Section 7 championship
Junior Division
(Host: District 41/United Santee)
Saturday, July 12
Rancho Jamul (District 41) 12, Eastlake (District 42) 2
Sunday, July 13
Spring Valley (District 66) defeated Eastlake (District 42), score unavailable
Brawley (District 22) 7, Rancho Jamul (District 41) 5
Monday, July 14
Challenger Bracket Final
Spring Valley (District 66) defeated Rancho Jamul (District 41), score unavailable
Tuesday, July 15
Championship game
Brawley (District 22) defeated Spring Valley (District 66), score not available
Senior Division
(Host: District 66/Spring Valley)
Friday, July 11
Luckie Waller (District 42) 5, Spring Valley (District 66) 1
Saturday, July 12
Spring Valley (District 66) 15, Luckie Waller (District 42) 4
Monday, July 14
Championship game
Spring Valley (District 66) 15, Luckie Waller (District 42) 12
Note: Spring Valley wins section championship
Southern California-South
Sub-Division III Schedule
10U Division
Site: Imperial Beach Little League
Dates: July 18-24
11U Division
Site: Chollas Lake Little League
Dates: July 19-24
12U Division
Site: Fletcher Hills Little League
Dates: July 19-24
Junior Division
Site: Rancho Peñasquitos Little League
Dates: July 19-23
Senior Division
Site: Spring Valley Little League
Dates: July 19-23
Little League
Parade of Champions
District 42 Champions
10U Division: Chula Vista American
11U Division: Sweetwater Valley
12U Division: Sweetwater Valley
Junior Division: Eastlake
Senior Division: Luckie Waller
District 66 Champions
10U Division: Las Palmas
11U Division: Lemon Grove
12U Division: Lemon Grove
Junior Division: Spring Valley
Senior Division: Spring Valley
District 41 Champions
10U Division: Fletcher Hills
11U Division: Rancho San Diego
12U Division: Rancho San Diego
Junior Division: Rancho Jamul
District 22 Champions
10U Division: Brawley
11U Division: Imperial
12U Division: Brawley
Junior Division: Brawley
Section 7 Champions
10U Division: Chula Vista American
11U Division: Sweetwater Valley
12U Division: Sweetwater Valley
Junior Division: Brawley
Senior Division: Spring Valley
Keep up to date!
District 42 website: www.eteamz.com/cad42/
Southern California-South Sub-Division III Championship
10U Division
Host: Imperial Beach Little League
Friday, July 18
Ocean View (District 62) 13, Newmark (District 43) 3
Saturday, July 19
Ocean View (District 62) 7, Chula Vista American (District 42) 4
Encinitas (District 31) 13, Yucaipa National (District 58) 0
Sunday, July 20
Nemark (District 43) 4, Yucaipa National (District 58) 0
Ocean View (District 62) 5, Encinitas (District 31) 1
Monday, July 21
Elimination game: Newmark (District 43) 8, Chula Vista American (District 42) 7
Chula Vista American eliminated from tournament
11U Division
Host: Chollas Lake Little League
Saturday, July 19
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 4, Deer Canyon (District 71) 3
Aliso Viejo (District 55) 11, Corona American (District 72) 1
Sunday, July 20
Encinitas (District 31) 8, Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 6
Deer Canyon (District 71) 10, Corona American (District 72) 5
Monday, July 21
Winners bracket: Aliso Viejo (District 55) 7, Encinitas (District 31) 3
Elimination game: Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 14, Deer Canyon (District 71) 3
Tuesday, July 22
Elimination game: Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 11, Encinitas (District 31) 10
Wednesday, July 23
Championship game: Aliso Viejo (District 55) 4, Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 3
Aliso Viejo wins sub-division tournament
12U Division
Host: Fletcher Hills Little League
Saturday, July 19
Ocean View (District 62) 7, Canyon Lake (District 28) 4
Encinitas (District 31) 5, Vineyard (District 71) 2
Sunday, July 20
Vineyard (District 71) defeated Canyon Lake (District 28), score unavailable
Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 11, Ocean View (District 62) 8
Monday, July 21
Encinitas (Disrrict 31) 3, Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 1
Tuesday, July 22
Elimination game: Ocean View (District 62) 6, Sweetwater Valley (District 42) 3
Sweetwater Valley eliminated from tournament
Wednesday, July 23
Ocean View (District 62) defeated Encinitas (District 31), score unavailable
Thursday, July 24
Championship game: Ocean View (District 62) vs. Encinitas (District 31), 6 p.m.
Junior Division
Host: Rancho Peñasquitos Little League
Saturday, July 19
Brawley (District 22) 12, Fontana Community (District 71) 2
East Anaheim (District 46) 9, Canyon Lake (District 28) 5
Oceanside National (District 70) 13, East Anaheim (District 46) 5
Sunday, July 20
Canyon Lake (District 28) 20, Fontana Community (District 71) 13
Brawley (District 22) 8, Oceanside National (District 70) 4
East Anaheim (District 46) 16, Canyon Lake (District 28) 8
Monday, July 21
Oceanside National (District 70) 7, East Anaheim (District 46) 6
Tuesday, July 22
Championship game: Brawley (District 22) 9, Oceanside National (District 70) 3
Brawley wins sub-divisoin championship
Senior Division
Host: Spring Valley Little League
Saturday, July 19
Clairemont (District 32) 8, Newmark (District 32) 4
Central Garden Grove (District 46) 6, Corona American (District 72) 2
Spring Valley (District 66) 11, Clairemont (District 32) 3
Sunday, July 20
Newmark (District 43) 5, Corona American (District 72) 3
Spring Valley (District 66) 17, Central Garden Grove (District 46) 15
Clairemont (District 32) 8, Newmark (District 43) 7
Monday, July 21
Elimination game: Central Garden Grove (District 46) 9, Clairemont Hilltoppers (District 32) 7
Tuesday, July 22
Central Garden Grove (District 46) 9, Spring Valley (District 66) 0
Wednesday, July 23
Championship game: Spring Valley (District 66) 6, Central Garden Grove (District 46) 5
Spring Valley wins sub-division championship
© 2009 The Star-News


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Undergraduate Minor
The minor in American Studies provides training in interdisciplinary thinking, analytical writing, and comparative cultural studies.
- This interdisciplinary minor equips students to better
- evaluate the methods and approaches of any particular discipline;
- make connections between different objects of study; and
- open up new areas of inquiry or innovative perspectives on familiar topics.
- Students learn not only how to answer questions related to their areas of study, but how to keep asking better questions and thus to generate rich, new possibilities for creative activity.
- The minor stresses the diversity of United States cultures. This comparative approach to diverse populations, histories, and traditions within the nation complements our emphasis on the international dimensions of American life. Students are encouraged to understand local and national phenomena as embedded in larger social and economic systems to explore how American cultural forms and practices have been and continue to be shaped by the movement of people, ideas, commodities, and resources across national borders.
All American Studies classes emphasize analytical writing, or the ability to define issues, develop their implications, and propose interpretations in persuasive, expository prose.
Students must complete 15 credit hours. At least 9 credit hours in American Studies courses must be at the 300-400 level.
- AMST-A 100 What is America? (3 cr.) CASE A&H
- One of the following:
AMST-A 200 Comparative American Identities (3 cr.) CASE A&H, CASE DUS or
AMST-A 201 U.S. Movements & Institutions (3 cr.) CASE S&H, or
AMST-A 202 U.S. Arts & Media (3 cr.) CASE A&H.
- Three American Studies courses at the 300-400 level for a total of 9 credit hours.
Students may cross-count one course in the minor with the major.


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Vital signs
After conducting a general survey, take the physiologic measurements essential for the data-collection portion of the physical assessment of your pediatric patient. Many clinicians begin by measuring height (or for infants, length), head circumference for children up to the age of 3 years, and a body mass index. (For more information about growth measurements, see the accepted practice section that covers this area of physical assessment.) In some healthcare settings, pain and oxygen saturation are also considered vital signs and may also be measured depending on the reason the child needs healthcare. (These parameters will also be covered in more depth in this and other skills modules.)
How you measure a child's vital signs varies to some extent with the age of the child. For example, when your patient is an infant, it is best to count respirations first. If you take the infant's temperature first, you have to "disturb" him, and, if he cries in response to that procedure, you won't obtain an accurate baseline respiratory rate. If your patient is a preschooler, it is important to be as noninvasive as possible. At this stage, children fear intrusive procedures, so an axillary or a tympanic temperature measurement is usually a better choice than a rectal measurement.
It is essential to use critical thinking when evaluating vital sign numbers with normal ranges for age and correlating them with your general physical assessment of the health status of the patient. The normal ranges for heart or respiratory rate might not be appropriate for an acutely ill patient and vital signs within those ranges could actually reflect deterioration. For example, a 3-year-old child with asthma who has had a heart rate of 150 and a respiratory rate of 44 but on retake of vital signs has a normal heart rate of 100 and a respiratory rate of 20 may be tiring out and respiratory failure might be imminent. Vital sign numbers alone have little meaning; you must analyze them critically for individual patients. Findings such as a rapid heart rate may be related to pain, fever, or anxiety. An elevated skin temperature may be due to excessive bundling or overdressing of an infant. It is also important to compare your findings with measurements documented at previous assessments, as well as with the normal ranges of vital signs for the particular age group.
Body temperature is more variable in infants and children than it is in adults. It tends to be higher in infancy and early childhood, with rectal temperature rarely falling below 99° F (37.2° C). Within a single day, body temperature might fluctuate up to 3 F° (1.7° C), especially late in the day or after strenuous activities.
There is some controversy about the optimal method of measuring temperature in children. Core body temperature provides the most accurate and useful data, and the rectal route is most reflective of core temperature. It can be used for children of all ages (although it is no longer standard procedure for newborns), but it is not without risks. It is invasive, and therefore can be upsetting for many children, so you have to weigh the need for absolute accuracy against the potential for losing the child's cooperation early in the exam. Also, there is the potential for injury, especially if the child "fights" the procedure. And, of course, it would be a poor choice for a child who has diarrhea or any rectal or anal irritation or disorder.
The oral route is convenient but often inaccurate, unless the child is old enough to understand the need to keep the device under the tongue with the lips sealed around it and has clear nasal passages. Tympanic temperatures are convenient and safe and are often the preferred route; however, researchers do not concur on the accuracy and advisability of this route when precise measurement and correlation with core body temperature are imperative. Likewise, axillary temperatures are convenient and safe, but are not necessarily the most useful when precise measurement of core body temperature is critical. Various skin sensors are also available, but again, their usefulness when a precise measurement is warranted is uncertain.
Infants. If you take an infant's rectal temperature, you might want to make this the last step of your vital-signs assessment, since it is invasive. The technique, however, is relatively simple. With the infant lying prone and preferably on the parent's lap, separate the buttocks with the thumb and index finger of one hand while inserting the tip of a well-lubricated rectal thermometer probe at a 20° angle to the lap no more than about 3/4 inch, or 2 centimeters, in depth. If it is an electronic thermometer, keep it in place until the device signals that the temperature is recorded. Otherwise, keep it in place at least 2 or 3 minutes. Some clinicians advise taking a rectal temperature only when absolutely necessary due to the discomfort and the risk of trauma. Axillary and tympanic routes are appropriate for this age group as well. The usual temperature range for infants up to 1 year of age is 99.4° F to 99.7° F (37.5° C to 37.7° C).
Toddlers/preschoolers. For this age group, use the method that makes the most sense considering the degree of precision of measurement the child's condition warrants. If you measure axillary temperature, place the covered temperature probe under the child's arm in the center of the axilla. Lower the patient's arm over the probe and hold the child's arm across the abdomen. Leave the thermometer probe in place, close to the skin, until the audible signal indicates that the temperature has been measured. The usual temperature range for children between the ages of 1 year and 5 years is 98.6° F to 99.7° F (37.0° C to 37.7° C).
School-age children. Again, use the method that makes the most sense considering the degree of precision of measurement the child's condition warrants. When you use a tympanic thermometer, remember the principles for inserting eye drops or an otoscope into a childs ear: Straighten the ear canal by pulling the pinna up and back for children 3 years of age and older (as in this age group) and down and back for children younger than 3 years of age. Place the covered tip at the external opening of the ear canal and wait 2 to 5 seconds after you press the scan button for the temperature display. To obtain an accurate reading from a tympanic thermometer, it is important to place the probe at the proper angle for sealing the ear canal. Do not use the tympanic site if the child has ear pain or has excessive earwax, drainage from the ear, or sores or injuries in or around the ear. The usual temperature range for children between the ages of 5 years and 11 years is 98.0° F to 98.6° F (36.7° C to 37.0° C).
Adolescents. Likewise, use the method that makes the most sense considering the degree of precision of measurement the child's condition warrants. If you measure an adolescent's temperature orally, place the covered temperature probe under his tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. Instruct him to close his lips gently around the probe and to keep his mouth closed until the temperature has been measured. Remind him not to bite down on the temperature probe. Leave it in place until you hear the signal that indicates that the temperature has been measured. Remember not to measure temperature orally right after the adolescent has just had food or fluids. The usual temperature range for children between the ages of 11 years and above is 97.8° F to 98.0° F (36.6° C to 37.0° C).
Assessing the rhythm, strength, and rate of a child's pulse is an important part of a pediatric physical assessment, as it provides essential information about cardiovascular function. Before 6 months of age, infants cannot stretch their myocardial fibers to increase cardiac output and are totally heart-rate dependent. Thus, higher heart rates are normal for this age group. Bradycardia in infants is most often due to hypoxia, secondarily to hypothermia. In older infants, elevated heart rate can reflect fever, pain, anxiety, dysrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and medication effects. A slow heart rate suggests hypoxia (most often), hypothermia (particularly in infants younger than 6 months), or congenital heart problems or is medication-related, (digoxin toxicity, effects of opioids or sedatives).
Infants. Heart rate varies quite a bit in infants and is especially sensitive to the effects of illness and activity. For infants and children under the age of 2 years, the most reliable way to measure pulse is to auscultate the apical impulse. Place the warmed bell or diaphragm of your stethoscope over the child's chest at the apex of the heart. It is best to count for 1 full minute because of the possibility of irregular rhythms. If you have established that the rhythm is regular and you must measure pulse repeatedly, count for 30 seconds and multiple by 2. Keep in mind that you will obtain the most accurate measurement while the child is asleep. Over the first year, the heart rate slows, with a range of 90 to 100 beats per minute up to 2 months of age, 80 to 180 up to 6 months, and 75 to 155 up to 12 months.
Toddlers/preschoolers. For this age group, radial pulse measurement is appropriate. The radial pulse point is easily accessible and easy to locate. Just apply light pressure with the pads of the fingers in the groove along the radial or thumb side of the child's inner wrist. The usual pulse rate for children between the ages of 2 and 5 years ranges from 70 to 110 beats per minute while awake and 60 to 90 while asleep.
School-age children. For this age group, radial pulse measurement is also appropriate. The usual pulse rate doesn't change much during this stage; it remains 70 to 110 beats per minute while awake and 60 to 90 while asleep.
Adolescents. Measuring the pulse rate of children in this age range doesn't vary much from measuring an adult's pulse. Using the radial site is typical, but remember, if the child has any identified or suspected cardiovascular problems, check the apical rate as well. The usual pulse rate for children above the age of 10 years ranges from 55 to 90 beats per minute while awake and 50 to 90 while asleep.
Accurate assessment of respiration is another important component of your physiologic measurements. It involves observing the rate, depth, and rhythm of chest-wall movement during inspiration and expiration. Tachypnea and increased respiratory effort, particularly in infants, are signs of pneumonia. Extremely rapid and shallow respirations can reflect cyanotic heart disease. And these are just a couple of examples that highlight the importance of assessing respiration in children.
Infants. Measure respiratory rate early in your assessment; it will not be accurate if the infant is crying, in fact, a sleeping rate is best. Infants' respirations are primarily diaphragmatic, so, when counting their respirations, observe abdominal movements. Infants typically breathe irregularly, so be sure to count for a full minute. Also, keep in mind that fever raises infants' respiratory rates up to 10 breaths per minute for each degree (centigrade) of fever. The usual range for respiratory rates of infants up to 1 year of age is 30 to 35 breaths per minute.
Toddlers/ preschoolers. For this age group, count the respiratory rate just as you would for an adult. It is always best to count respirations without the child knowing what you are doing. Just as for adults, when a patient knows you are counting breaths, that awareness of breathing often alters the rate and pattern. The usual range for respiratory rates of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years is 22 to 25 breaths per minute.
School-age children. Your technique in evaluating respiration won't vary much for children past infancy. The usual range for respiratory rates of children between the ages of 5 and 12 years is 19 to 22 breaths per minute.
Adolescents. Assessing respiration in this age group is the same as for adults. The usual range for respiratory rates of children 12 years old and above is 16 to 19 breaths per minute.
Blood pressure
Measuring blood pressure, the force that blood exerts against the vessel wall, is just as important for children as it is for adults. Hypertension in children is most often the result of renal disease, coarctation of the aorta, stress, or medication effects, but essential hypertension is also seen in children, with evidence indicating that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development. Hypotension can signal hemorrhage, sepsis, and septic shock. In infants, the most common causes of sustained hypertension are renal artery disease, congenital renal malformations, and coarctation of the aorta.
The most important factor in obtaining an accurate blood-pressure measurement is using a cuff of the appropriate size. The cuff's bladder width should be about 40% of the child's arm circumference, measured at a point halfway between the olecranon and the acromion. The cuff's bladder length should cover 80% to 100% of the arm's circumference. A cuff that is too small can yield falsely high blood-pressure readings; a cuff that is too large can yield falsely low blood-pressure readings.
When using an automatic blood-pressure device, use the correct setting (neonatal, pediatric, adult) so that the pressure generated to occlude the artery isnt too high for a younger patient. The initial pressure on an adult setting may be much higher (200 mm Hg) than the pressure on a pediatric or neonatal setting. If this is a concern, use a manual pressure cuff for better control of maximal occlusion pressure.
In children 3 years of age and older, blood pressure should be measured annually, and more often for children with cardiovascular and other disorders. Blood pressure in the upper extremities should be compared at least once with blood pressure in the lower extremities to detect problems such as coarctation of the aorta. This disorder results in a lower-extremity blood pressure lower than that of the upper extremities.
Normal blood pressure readings for children vary not only with age, but with gender and height, as is illustrated in the tables accessible via this link: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines
Infants. Unless there are any special indications, blood pressure is not routinely measured for infants, although it should be measured at least once during the first year of life. To measure an infant's blood pressure, it is probably best to use a Doppler device. It detects arterial blood-flow vibrations and converts them to systolic readings. Another electronic method is oscillometry, where pressure changes are transmitted through the arterial wall to the cuff. Average readings from the newborn period up to the age of 2 years via oscillometry range from 65/41 to 101/57.
Toddlers/preschoolers. It is especially important to prepare this age group for the procedure. The tightening of the cuff can be intimidating; to allay anxiety (which can increase blood pressure), explain that it will feel like an "arm hug." When measuring blood pressure, position the limb at heart level, rapidly inflate the cuff to about 20 mm Hg above the point at which the radial pulse disappears, and release the cuff at the rate of about 2 to 3 mm Hg per second while using a pediatric stethoscope to listen to the Korotkoff sounds. For children in this age group, record the first Korotkoff sound as the systolic pressure and the fourth Korotkoff sound as the diastolic pressure.
School-age children. Measure blood pressure of school-age children as you would measure an adult's blood pressure. Record the first Korotkoff sound as the systolic pressure and the fourth Korotkoff sound as the diastolic pressure. Talk to the child about blood pressure and the importance of eating healthfully and exercising to keep blood pressure at an appropriate range both to have a healthy heart and to prevent heart disease.
Adolescents. Measure adolescents' blood pressure as you would measure an adult's blood pressure. For children between the ages of 12 and 18, record the first Korotkoff sound as the systolic pressure and the fifth Korotkoff sound (the disappearance of sound) as the diastolic pressure.
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Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Winkelstein, M. L. (2005). Wong's essentials of pediatric nursing (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. pp. 139-145, 930, inside back cover.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health. (2004.) Blood pressure tables for children and adolescents from the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/child_tbl.htm
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