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Making something original in Chicagoland. Est. June 1, 2012.
Got ideas? Want a technical entrepreneur or a software engineer to colloborate with? Haven't got ideas, and you want to join my brainstorming and business validation? Connect with me on Twitter, LinkedIn or Google+ and we'll see where we can go from there.
What I'm doing now?
In November 2012 I joined WeDeliver, a hyperlocal, on-demand delivery startup as co-founder and CTO. This project has been fun and challenging. Building a lean startup from scratch is always fun, but also working with an awesome distributed team has been amazing. Somehow over the last few months I've built a suite of products from a RESTful API, to a web application based on AngularJS and a distributed order dispatch system. Fun stuff. Although I write alot of code with my team, I still enjoy breaking out the whiteboard every now and again. I've scaled my development team up and down, I've worked by myself, and managed a team of seven developers. At times I worked across timezones and at others I packed everyone into a tiny room to get stuff done. Building a startup involves different stages along the way.
I've also become somewhat of a protagonist for entrepreneurship in the Caribbean. I'm now an organizer for Startup Weekend Trinidad & Tobago, and started collaborating with Startup Weekend organizers around the world to pursue the cause of entrepreneurship.
In 2012, I spent months researching, and building, expanding my technical capabilities, but also finding social avenues where I could use my skill for good - not for evil. For years I've been troubled and challenged to find a way to use technology to reduce incidents and incentives of violent crime. I spent 2 months in customer development looking for ways to use BigData and predictive algorithms to reduce crime. As any lean entrepreneur would do, I quickly pivoted away from that idea when my hypothesis of people wanting to use such a product was invalidated. Someone recently told me that it was ahead of it's time. Probably so.
I've also gotten involved in the Civic hacking space - working on municipal problems, and have joined up with the Code for America Chicago Brigade. I want to build something that helps change the world for the better, and create a business for which my partners and I, and our families will be proud. Along the way I'm learning some amazing lessons.
Want my help?
After 17 years of professional web application development and software engineering experience, and hacking away at code since 1986. I view programming as an artform, and art should be free, so every week I set aside two hours to mentor developers, students and aspiring business people in the city of Chicago.
If you need help building out a web application, sharpening your technical chops of just want to pick my brain over a cup of tea - offer me coffee and you're out of luck. If the time works, I'll be happy to sit with you to design an algorithm, a robust system architecture or just help you connect dots on a whiteboard.
What do you need to do? Just connect with me on Twitter at @KirkLashley, or in real life if you track me down somewhere, and I'll see if I can help you. Why me? Actually there are so many talented developers and engineers out here in Chicago, if you have access to someone else, please connect with them. What I've learned since I started my journey in 2012 is that people have very small networks and some business people are afraid to share their ideas with developers for fear that the developer is going to run off with their idea. Honestly I've yet to meet anyone so unscrupulous in the Chicago market.


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DNA Tattoo
Welcome to the DNA Tattoo section of DNA Images. This is a new product we are offering which uses your molecular structure at the DNA level to give you a Molecular DNA Tattoo.
This is a very new addition to DNA Images, so please contact us here to register your interest and find out more about DNA Tatoos.

subset: commoncrawl


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Perseverance pays off for Team CytoSport Muscle Milk at Laguna Seca Monterey, CA (October 10, 2009) - There was plenty of action in the Team CytoSport Muscle Milk camp today at the Monterey Sports Car Championships, but between contact and a...
Perseverance pays off for Team CytoSport Muscle Milk at Laguna Seca
Monterey, CA (October 10, 2009) - There was plenty of action in the Team CytoSport Muscle Milk camp today at the Monterey Sports Car Championships, but between contact and a minor clutch issue the team persevered and went on to claim a second place finish - a fourth podium in as many starts for the Muscle Milk crew this season. Additionally, driver Klaus Graf also went on to place third in the final driver standings after only four starts in the 2009 season.
It may not have been very warm at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca for the final American Le Mans Series event of the year, but things started heating up early on for Team CytoSport.
Klaus Graf found himself behind the #88 car of Paul Drayson in the opening laps of the four-hour event. And although Drayson was quicker in the straight-aways, Graf had the advantage elsewhere and he decided to make a move in order to not lose too much ground to the lead pack.
Going into Turn 9, Graf dove underneath the 88 car but Drayson seemingly didn't see the #6 Muscle Milk car and continued his way on the outside. Foreseeable contact ensued and both cars ended up in the gravel trap. Luckily for Team CytoSport, the damage to the Porsche RS Spyder was minimal and Graf was able to make his way back to the pits.
After putting on a new nose and a fresh set of Michelin slicks on the LMP2 car, Graf was back out and registering lap times as quick as the leaders, but was regrettably three laps down.
By the 55-minute mark, Graf came in for a driver change and team owner Greg Pickett took the reigns of the Muscle Milk machine. Pickett continued where Graf had left off and made his way up to 13th overall.
Sunset at Laguna It was at that point that things went wrong again for Team CytoSport. While under a yellow flag, Pickett encountered clutch issues, which consequently sent him off track while trying to heat up his Michelin tires.
Upon returning to the pits after getting the car restarted, Pickett gave his place back to Graf. The German remained in the car until there was about 40 minutes remaining to the event and the team had Greg Pickett return aboard the #6 Muscle Milk car to close out the race.
Although the team had seen its share of action in the race, it wasn't over. Pickett was trying to get around a GT2 car in Turn 5 and was forced to go offline causing him to hit a small pothole, which, as a result, damaged the suspension.
That would sadly mark the end of the race for the Team CytoSport Muscle Milk squad. But with 124 laps complete, the team still managed to obtain a second place finish allowing them to continue its streak of podium finishes and go four for four this season. In doing so it enabled Klaus Graf to move up to third in the driver standings, even if he only took part in four races this season.
Greg Pickett, Owner / Driver #6 Muscle Milk Porsche RS Spyder
"This is the type of day when you need to remind yourself of a lesson that you never do forget about this game and that is to keep trying no matter what. You just keep going and that's what we did today. I'm very pleased with the end result as it keeps our string of podiums alive. A second place here is really rather remarkable today. The Muscle Milk team should feel really good about it. It's a really memorable day because this is like my home track and I saw a lot of old friends and family members and that's what it's about for me. I believe that success is much sweeter when you share it with someone. And when I can share that with my team and my family and my business associates it makes it really special for me.
"The Muscle Milk Porsche RS Spyder was fantastic. Unfortunately we had a clutch issue that caused me to go off track when I was warming up the tires during a caution period. After that I had trouble getting it back into gear but let me tell you that nothing other than a Porsche would have continued to make it in this race. It was magnificent. It's a great testament to their engineering excellence and without that we would not have finished the race.
"Unfortunately when I went back behind the wheel of the Muscle Milk car for a second stint, I was going into Turn 5, passing a GT2 car that didn't want to let me go on the regular line up the hill so I was in pretty shallow and had to turn in early and I hit that little pothole that's there and it damaged the suspension. I wish I could have made it to the checkered flag but in the end two seconds and two thirds in four races for us this season is a good prelude to next year."
Klaus Graf, Driver #6 Muscle Milk Porsche RS Spyder
"What a race! Fortunately we finished enough laps to take second and give us our fourth podium in a row, that's a big achievement for Team CytoSport coming into the ALMS LMP2 class at the end of the season like this, so hats off to the whole team. Obviously it was a pretty eventful race. I had a good start but I was stuck behind an LMP1 car for a couple of laps. I didn't really get frustrated but I just wanted to get going. The Muscle Milk Porsche RS Spyder was good and I wanted to go faster. So I dove underneath him going into Turn 9, which is a really fast turn. And he just didn't see me I guess, because he hit me flat out when I was basically through and passed him already. Luckily the Porsche RS Spyder is a really strong car and it only did body work damage and some damage to the wheel so we were able to recover from that and put in some strong laps afterwards. We then had some other issues when Greg was on track but I'm just happy that we finished on the podium again. Certainly not the way we would have wanted to but sometimes you have to take it. I'm proud of the whole team. They really did well on the repairs and the communication and everything. We have a really strong team and I'm really looking forward to next year."
-credit: tcs


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Published: June 26, 2007 at 7:32 AMHere is a link to the article.
Published: June 26, 2007 at 3:49 PMWoW this is news to ME. We live just West of Houston & hadn't heard anything. Thanks for the information. I too am not over the loss of AW & probably never will be! :(
Published: June 26, 2007 at 4:25 PMThis would be great as i never made it to Astroworld and was upset to see it close.
Published: June 26, 2007 at 5:18 PMThis is exciting! I can't wait to find out anymore news or pics of the park plans. I just hope it's not like another Space Center Houston. Over hyped and over priced. :)
Published: June 27, 2007 at 8:16 PMYeah & hard to get to! We don't get to visit ANYTHING downtown, it's just too nervewracking or timeconsuming just getting there.
Published: June 27, 2007 at 10:22 PMI've been following the progress of this park since I first heard about it 6 months ago. And judging by the previous articles, (which can be found in the Houston Chronicle archives) I have reason to be very optimistic about the developers intentions to make this a quality park.
The park is still years away and a lot of things could change before this park becomes a reality, but I was very pleased to hear Don Lessum say that he and the developers (Project Rex LLC) intend to maintain the natural beauty of the area. That's great news because the area is a heavily wooded pine forest. I hope Lessums statements mean that the park will have a lot of shade. Not only will the trees help cool the park in the brutal Houston summer heat, but heavily wooded parks are beatiful, add atmosphere, and usually make the whole experience nicer.
I'm also optimistic about the quality of EQA based some other comments Don Lessum has made about this park. He uses words like "This is the culmination of my life's work," and "I want it to be done right. I'm not interested in compromising." Given his credentials with Disney and Universal, this is the kind of person I am glad to see behind this project. I think EQA will be a better park with someone guiding it who has a vision, as opposed to a corporation that is only interested in building cheap and making a fast buck.
I'm also excited to hear about the amount they are spending on this park. They are spending $100 million dollars more on EQA than it is costing to build the new Hard Rock Park in Myrtle Beach. HRP looks pretty fantastic from the model and sketches I've seen. So, I expect this park to be at least as good and hopefully better (in terms of rides and attractions).
I think it's about time that Houston had a theme park it could be proud of. I miss AstroWorld, but I think this new park has the potential to be much better than AW ever could have, especially while it was under the management of Six Flags.
Published: June 28, 2007 at 7:23 AMI believe this will be a quality amusement park. Atlease I hope! I have to ommit the first article and description of the "park" was kindof a disappointment. It looked like it was going to be another Space Center Houston. But the new article is alot more exciting! I will now plan on making a trip once it opens. I wonder how many of the acres are being used as a hotel,camping park...etc. I hope most of it goes to the actual amusement part. And hopefully they plan on buying additional land therefore if they chose they can grow in the future unlike AW which had no room to grow.


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To the Editor:
Never have I been more appalled by two letters to the editor printed on the same day (Saturday, Sept. 7, KDH) as (the ones that showed) the love and concern for cats, compared to the dislike for God's unborn children.
Why should the cats roaming, multiplying, messing up peoples flower beds have more rights to live than our unborn babies?
If all these feral cats have the right to keep on producing more and more offspring, then why does an innocent baby, created in the womb of its mother, not get a chance to do the same in the future?
If we could all give as much love to the unborn, selected for abortion, as we do our precious pets, this could be a better world.
God bless us all!
Christa Cook
Copperas Cove


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STUDENTS from Birkenhead Sixth Form College put their public speaking skills to the test and won the regional heat of a competition organised by Rotary Club International.
The Youth Speaks contest featured 18 teams from eight different schools and colleges across Wirral.
Birkenhead Sixth Form hosted the event. Its winning senior team featured main speaker, Tom McNally, chairperson, Dean Avis and proposer of the Vote of Thanks, Wendy Garnett.
It was the college's fourth successive victory in the contest.
Tom, who studies Government and Politics, Economics, History and Religious Studies at The Sixth Form College, delivered a confident and thought-provoking speech on the topic titled 'Press Regulation - The Road to Tyranny?'
Both Tom and Dean, who also studies Government & Politics alongside Law and Sociology, were members of winning teams in last year's event, while Wendy, who studies Drama & Theatre Studies, English Language and Literature, Textiles and Applied Science, made her first appearance in the Youth Speaks competition this year.
Neston High School was awarded first place in the Intermediate round. Wirral Grammar School for Girls was awarded second position in both the Senior and Intermediate rounds.
Jane Cavanagh, Head of History at The Sixth Form College, supported the students in their preparation for the event.
She said: "I am delighted that our team has won for the fourth time in a row. I am so proud of all three of our speakers.
"The team has worked hard on researching the topic, writing the speeches and learning them; a great deal of hard work has gone into this performance.
"We narrowly missed getting through to the Regional Round last year, coming third in the District, so we are very excited to have another chance to progress further in the competition."
Principal Kathryn Podmore said: "All of the students that took part in the competition delivered outstanding speeches.
"It was a honour for The Sixth Form College to host such a worthwhile event which allows young people to gain confidence skills and enables them to deliver their views on subjects they are passionate about.
"I am very proud of our students and would like to congratulate all who took part, as everyone did a fantastic job."
The winning teams will now compete in the District round of the competition, to be held in March at Glyndwr University in Wrexham, which will be followed by regional stages and a national final.
The Rotary Youth Speaks competition runs as part of a youth enrichment programme, which provides extra-curricular opportunities, work and voluntary experience and short skills courses for students.
Tom McNally, President of The Rotary Club of Birkenhead, said: "For many years, the Rotary organisation has run public speaking competitions for young people.
"Public speaking is an important skill which can be drawn upon throughout life.
"Public speaking is key to life is Rotary and as always we are delighted to celebrate and promote the skills that young people demonstrate."


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Today's Devotional
Streams of MercyWhat steps can you take to adopt God's perspective on mercy?
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Is there anyone not frustrated by Mitt Romney's narrow win in the Iowa caucuses? Conservatives are disappointed because they recognise that Mr Romney, who used to favour legal abortion and was for Obamacare before it was called that, is only pretending to be one of them. Seventy-five per cent of Iowa's Republican voters wanted someone farther to the right. But because their votes were divided among a large field of weak candidates, the only moderate running in their state came out on top.
Liberals are disappointed because Mr Romney has moved closer to inevitability and is the strongest potential challenger to President Barack Obama. And journalists are most disappointed of all, because Mr Romney gliding to victory is a weak story.
Thanks to all this, there is tremendous reluctance on all sides to call the outcome before "the voters have spoken". So expect to hear more and more about less and less likely alternatives to a Romney victory. Jon Huntsman, the only candidate yet to enjoy a moment of popular enthusiasm, could do better than expected in New Hampshire. Once Rick Perry joins Michele Bachmann in dropping out, conservative sentiment could coalesce around the unlikely survivor Rick Santorum. Given how unloved Mr Romney is, someone new could still enter the race. Anything is possible, of course. But in the end, the GOP is overwhelmingly likely to nominate Mr Romney because it is his turn and because he is the most electable candidate available. Read more


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0.33 CT. T.W. Diamond Band in 10K White Gold
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News: The Browns trade Trent Dilfer to the San Francisco 49ers for Ken Dorsey and a draft choice next year.
Views: Addition by subtraction.
For a guy who came here preaching teamwork and the importance of everyone pulling together, Dilfer took lip service to a whole new level. His bark far exceeded his bite. Phil Savage paid way too much for him.
In summary: Nice guy. Below-average quarterback who played and complained his way out of town. Good riddance.
One minor problem taken care of; one major problem to attack.
There is no way General Manager Phil Savage can – or should – go into the 2006 season with Charlie Frye, Ken Dorsey and whomever as the clipboard dude as his quarterbacks. If he does, he's asking for trouble. Big-time trouble.
It is difficult to believe Savage would play the coming season with his club an injury away from Dorsey as the quarterback. Not if he expects the Browns to be at least competitive, if not contend for the playoffs.
At the very least, the Browns need an experienced hand ready to go in the event Frye doesn't make it through an entire season. Dorsey is not that quarterback.
Unless the Browns put in max protection on every passing play, Frye will be dinged silly at least once this season. He should be protected better than anyone this side of the Secret Service.
It has been mentioned that Dorsey, who is four months older than Frye, can mentor him. Don't think so. He's got enough problems trying to improve his own game.
Unfortunately, there are only a few experienced quarterbacks out there who could step right in and help. The best of the lot – and the one it is hoped Savage targets as his top choice – is Kerry Collins, a much more talented version of Dilfer.
Vinny Testaverde (please no Vinny; last season maybe, not this), Gus Frerotte and Jay Fiedler lurk, but Collins is better than all of them. Sign him, turn him loose against Frye in training camp and may the better man win. That should be Collins because there's no way Frye is better right now. He's still got a lot to learn.
Collins is bigger, has a stronger arm and brings 11 years of experience to the job. Granted he has thrown nearly as many career interceptions as touchdown passes, but he's coming off a season that saw him throw only 12 interceptions.
And he's just 33 years old, still in the prime of his pro career.
Only one problem: Collins most likely won't come here unless he is guaranteed a starting job. Savage might not be willing to do that.
Whomever the general manager signs, it is imperative to get that player into camp pronto, preferably before the veterans minicamp so he can get a feel for the offense and its nomenclature.
News: Savage and Romeo Crennel pronounce themselves happy with the draft.
Views: Shocking.
Of course, they're happy. Probably thrilled. So are 31 other GMs and coaches around the National Football League. If they didn't say so publicly, they should be fired.
When was the last time you heard a GM or coach say he was disappointed with the players selected in the draft? That he wanted a do-over? Like never?
These guys slam it into full spin mode as soon as the last pick is made and then pile it on. After all, there are tickets to be sold, merchandise to be sold, hope to be sold.
The latter always springs eternal during the offseason. The previous season, especially the kind the Browns have experienced for the most part since their return, is buried quickly and deeply beneath a mountain of hope.
With a roster turnover that will approach about 30%, if not higher, it is only natural that fans allow themselves to dream of lofty goals for the Browns.
Now we're going to see if those draft picks can actually contribute to the
News: The Browns improve their front seven through free agency and the draft.
Views: Of course they did.
As bad as they were against the run and at rushing the quarterback last year, anything would be an improvement. "Our front seven has at least the potential to turn the corner," Savage said.
Hate the word "potential". It means you have the talent, but for some reason you don't succeed. It means you're not quite good enough. It's a verbal crutch on which to lean.
Savage, it appears, has placed a greater emphasis on pressuring the passer than he did on stopping the run. Big mistake.
I come from the school that says you stop the run first. Do it successfully and you dictate the direction the opposing offense takes. Placing the opponent in second-and-long and third-and-long predicaments can upset a team's game's plan.
It is easier to run the ball than pass it. Most successful teams have strong running attacks and defenses that stop the run. The are basic parts of a winning formula.
The addition of free agent Ted Washington and the drafting of D'Qwell Jackson should help, but for how long? Washington is a long-toothed 38 and Jackson is bound to make rookie mistakes.
Fact of the matter is there is a sizable paucity of talent at defensive left end. Another year of Alvin McKinley and Nick Eason over there won't get the job done.
Now whether the Browns have improved the pass rush will depend on the development of top draft pick Kamerion Wimbley. We all know Willie McGinest is a force, but he needs plenty of help and that's where Wimbley becomes a factor.
Crennel is hopeful some of the new draftees can make an immediate impact. "If we can get the first-day guys to make a contribution and maybe some of the second-day guys, we'll be happy," he said.
Isn't that what all coaches hope for?


text: Hi, I just downloaded and installed 8 and it seems to have uninstalled version as well as the adobe download manager I had. Rich7 ----- Original Message ----- From: Roger Bachelder Hi Adrian, Because some programs work differently, Can you tell me if I should delete Adobe 7 point 7 before installing 8 point o? Or does it even matter with this program? Roger Bachelder


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This property is no longer available.Search for Available Property.
8 acres in Madison County, Alabama
For more information, contact Becky Hall at (256) 337-6632. Visit http://www.crye-leike.com/huntsville/1045722 to view more pictures of this property. This 8 acres is perfect for your private estate on the peaceful side of the mountain. Walk to Land Trust trails and upscale Five Points. Minutes to Huntsville Hospital. underground utilities.
Tax Data (Show Tax Data)
Tax data is not available for this listing.
Contact the Seller for more information.
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NOTE: The information contained herein is provided as general information only and has been obtained from sources deemed reliable. It is provided without any guaranty, warranty or representation, expressed or implied, made by Lands of America, or any related entity, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information. The information is presented subject to errors, omissions, change of price or conditions, prior sale or withdrawal without notice. Prospective purchasers should make their own investigations, projections and conclusions concerning the information.


text:
3 Recommendations
TinaCraig's recommendation
I don't like to wear jewelry of any kind except my wedding ring and an occasional pair of cufflinks. My wife bought me this pair and I like the masculine look of black diamonds.
My Collections:
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I always like to switch up my cufflinks with my different suits.
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xman16trs's recommendation
Black Diamond Cuffs HELL YEAH.
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Welcome to Modi Properties & Investments Pvt. Ltd.
Modi Properties & Investments Pvt. Ltd. is amongst the leading builders in the twin cities of Hyderabad & Secunderabad, India. The Promoters of Modi Properties & Investments Pvt. Ltd. and its sister company Modi Builders & Realtors Pvt. Ltd. have been in the field of Real Estate Development since 1968.
Having built about 5,00,000 sft of commercial space in the heart of the twin cities, they are now focused on the development of upper middle income housing in the peripheral areas of Hyderabad. Greens Towers on Begumpet main road is their last completed commercial project. Mayflower Park (550 flats on 5 acres), Silver Oak Apartments (120 flats on 1 acre), Silver Oak Bungalows (144 Bungalows 12 acres) & Gulmohar Gardens Phase Phase I ( 350 flats on 4 acres) are their recently completed housing projects.
Gulmohar Gardens Phase II (155 flats on 1 acre) , Mayflower Heights (280 flats on 4 acres), Silver Oak Bungalows Phase III (103 bungalows on 9 acres), Nilgiri Homes (95 bungalows on 6.5 acres), Paramount Residency (260 flats on 3 acres), Villas at Silvercreek (44 Villas on 3 acres), Greenwood Residency (345 flats on 6 acres) & Bloomdale (72 bungalows on 5 acres) are their current projects, with additional projects coming up at Mallapur (15 acres), Cherlapally (25 acres), Rampally (10 acres), Nagaram (4 acres) & Kapra (5.5 acres). As on date projects with about 1.5 million square feet of construction are under progress.
Modi Properties is aware of the large demand for middle income and upper middle income housing and their primary focus is on providing quality housing with excellent amenities at very reasonable and affordable prices.
The fair and transparent policies of Modi Properties are reflected in the information provided on their website, www.modiproperties.com, where details about current & completed projects including pricing, availability, plans, specifications, brochure, current status, customer list, draft agreements, FAQ's, photographs, etc. are freely available.
With staff strength of over 150, Modi Properties is poised to grow by over 30% every year, for the coming years.
For Modi Properties, it is all about building confidence, inspiring trust and lasting relationships. Adherence to stringent quality standards, time schedules and commitment to customer satisfaction, is what sets them apart.


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Workshop on the promotion of metadata use and data paper publication by GBIF India
The Wildlife Institute of India in collaboration with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is organizing a training workshop on the "Promotion of Metadata Use and Data Paper Publication" at Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India from 19th to 21st June 2013.
This workshop will develop skills and understanding among participants to create metadata for data paper publication. The manuscripts (i.e. draft data papers) can then be submitted for review process to Pensoft's journals Zookeys, PhytoKeys, MycoKeys, BioRisk, NeoBiota, Nature Conservation, etc.
21 people. Biodiversity data publishers from India and the Asian region.
The registration forms and further information can be requested from the organizers: Shri. Dinesh Pundir (dspundir AT wii.gov.in), Shri. Harendra Kumar (harendra AT wii.gov.in) and Dr. Gautam Talukdar (gautam AT wii.gov.in). The deadline for submissions is the 20 May 2013.
- Pundir, Shri Dinesh (Main contact)
- Kumar, Harendra (Contact)
- Talukdar, Gautam (Speaker / Trainer)
- Chavan, Vishwas (Speaker / Trainer)
- Hussain, S. A. (Main organiser)
- Ghosh, Mousumi (Speaker / Trainer)
- Aggarwal, Smt Alka (Speaker / Trainer)
- Vasudevan, Karthikeyan (Speaker / Trainer)
- Athreya, Vidya (Speaker / Trainer)
- Harihar, Abishek (Speaker / Trainer)


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Whether you are an aerospace, medical device, or defense manufacturer, a research laboratory, or a precision job shop, we have the capabilities to fulfill your needs. Our EDM consumables, including electrodes and electrode guides are fully customizable, and all supplies are made to your specifications. Supplies are stocked in anticipation of demand, ensuring that you aren't left waiting for parts you need now.
Why Holepop?
- Consultation with EDM experts
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- Brass, copper, copper-tungsten and tungsten carbide electrodes
- Wide range of electrode sizes with small steps in between sizes
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- Quality assurance process to ANSI inspection levels with NIST certified metrological instruments
- Flow testing of electrodes
Holepop EDM Supplies & Electrodes is an EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) supply company, providing a variety of electrodes and guides. For more than 15 years companies in aerospace, biomedical technology, tools and dies, and defense have used our electrodes and guides to create their cutting-edge products.
Given the choice between us and our competitors, many companies have chosen us as their EDM supplier because we are a supply chain management company, not an ordinary parts distributor. We deal with all of the headaches of the parts procurement process, so that you can devote your financial and human resources to other things.
Our value-added processes include design, execution, control, and monitoring. If you have a machining objective, but no concrete specifications for the electrodes or guides that you need, or if you have to work with EDM drill settings that cannot be deviated from, this is where our design team comes in. Working in close cooperation with your engineers, machinists, procurement staff, and production manager, we make sure that your parts are just what you need to get the job done. If you have a very predictable production schedule, our stocking system ensures that we have your parts stocked ahead of time, in anticipation of demand. This minimizes lead times and the need to plan your production schedule around us. If you have a very high and uncompromising standard of quality, our quality assurance system ensures that no product leaves our facility that does not meet your standards. We inspect all dimensions of our electrodes with metrological instruments whose accuracy reaches up to the fifth decimal place.
With brass, copper, copper-tungsten, and tungsten carbide electrodes, guides with conventional ceramic, ruby, or silicon nitride guiding surface cores, drill chucks, and dielectric fluid, we carry all of the essential consumables needed for small hole EDM. All of our products are customizable, and we make sure that you find the parts perfectly suited to the application at hand.
EDM Electrodes & Guides
Electrical discharge machining uses the spark between two electrically conductive materials to cut into the target material. This may be achieved using a few different methods: wire and sinker EDM, and EDM small hole drilling. We specialize in EDM small hole drilling, or hole-popping for short. Hole-popping—like sinker and wire EDM—is a unique machining method using dedicated drilling machines and equipment. Equipment is as varied as the applications of hole-popping, including an array of electrodes and guides.
We offer all types of electrodes—rods, single hole, and multi-channel tubes—in brass, copper, tungsten carbide, and copper-tungsten. Brass and copper are the most common EDM consumable materials because they work on most metal types. Brass is best used for tool and stainless steel, titanium, carbon, invar, aluminums and work-hardened materials that have been heat treated so they cannot easily be machined. Copper is used best on exotic types of metals such as tungsten and carbide, as these metals are extremely hard and cannot be machined or drilled through using conventional type drilling. Tungsten carbide is a relatively exotic material with great rigidity and toughness, giving it two advantages over brass or copper—greater penetrative power and smaller potential diameter. Copper-tungsten combines the strengths of copper and tungsten, and is more effective than copper or tungsten where their applications overlap.
In addition to a variety of materials, we offer multiple electrode types, including rods, single hole, and multi-channel tubes. Multi-channel tubes can be web type, with two or three channels. Channels act as conduits for dielectric fluid, using the fluid as a coolant and as a medium to flush disintegrated workpiece material. A cool electrode stays rigid, while a hole with little debris improves drilling precision. Our quality assurance process guarantees our products against any defects and ensures that electrodes and guides are within specified tolerances. Electrodes are manufactured using an extrusion process strictly in accordance with ISO 9001 guidelines.
Our precision electrode guides are manufactured with conventional ceramic and silicon nitride guiding surface cores. Conventional ceramic guides comes in standard sizes and are cheap, making them ideal for those with smaller budgets or small production runs. However, they are not necessarily more cost-effective than silicon nitride guides. Guides made of this material can last on the order of 5 to 10 times longer than their conventional ceramic equivalents, and are much more cost-effective when production runs are very large. Silicon nitride guides are also not restricted to standard sizes, and great customization is possible.
Please visit our quality control page for further details. If you have questions regarding our EDM electrodes or a small hole drilling application, or would like to get an immediate price quote or to place an expedited order please visit our contact page or call us directly at +1 (714) 222-9899.
Lowest Cost on High Quality Brass & Copper EDM Tubing.
Receive a hassle-free quote! Call us today! +1 (714) 222 9899


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BOULDER, COLO. — Udi's gluten-free bread, normally found in the frozen foods department, should begin appearing in racks in the ambient or in-store bakery section at retail this month, said Steve Hughes, chairman and chief executive officer of Boulder Brands, Inc.
"We have one account that's ready to go system-wide," he said Aug. 7 in a conference call to discuss second-quarter earnings. "They are going to do that on Aug. 18. We have (other accounts) that are going to, want to try a couple different approaches to it and do that in 100 stores."
Other Udi's gluten-free baked foods may appear in in-store fresh bakery.
"We're looking at cupcakes," he said. "We're looking at sheet cakes. We're looking at things you would expect to find in bakeries. So I think this is going to be a really big incremental play for us, and it is going to secure Udi's long-term leadership position because at the end of the day, bakery is where people buy baked goods, not the frozen food aisle."
Boulder Brands will ship the Udi's bread frozen before it is put on the fresh racks at retail.
"We have velocity on Udi's that you can actually ship a frozen product in, slack it out on the rack, have it turn fast enough so you don't have a lot of stales," Mr. Hughes said.
Mr. Hughes was asked about the price of the Udi's bread in in-store bakery versus the Udi's bread in frozen food.
"They are going to be approximately the same," he said. "The loaf is larger. It's a large, more traditional size loaf, but it's going to be comparable."
Net sales for the Udi's brand grew nearly 34% in the second quarter ended June 30. The Udi's brand will launch in two national restaurant chains in the second half of the year, Mr. Hughes said.
Boulder Brands reported net income of $2,736,000, or 5c per share on the common stock, in the second quarter, which was down from $3,094,000, or 5c per share, in the second quarter of the previous year. Total reported net sales of $131,348,000 were up from $110,669,000. Adjusted EBITDA was flat at $17.6 million.
High egg white prices and a mix shift to the company's brands in the Natural segment, which includes the Udi's brand, affected gross margins in the second quarter, Mr. Hughes said.
Christine Sacco, chief financial officer for Boulder Brands, said the company's fourth-quarter guidance for egg white prices was between $9 and $9.50 per lb.
"I think for 2015, it's too early to call a price on egg whites," she said. "However, the supply-demand environment appears to be improving, and one commodity resource that we've been looking at is projecting dried egg whites to be 25% lower in 2015 than 2014."
She said four areas should contribute to improvement in gross margins over the second half of the fiscal year.
"First, the majority of the improvement will come from the reduction of inefficient trade and coupon spending as we are gaining efficiencies with our retailers across our brands," Ms. Sacco said. "Second, effective in Q3, we will begin to feel the benefit of the price increase on Udi's bakery we implemented to offset the higher egg white costs. Third, we reformulated our ingredient profile, which is now less dependent on egg whites. And finally, we have a number of operational initiatives as we focus on continuous improvement projects that are already beginning to contribute to margin enhancement."
1The top six international food trends for 2017
2Slideshow: The many layers of Gold Standard Baking
3Campbell Soup eyes older children as new demographic for snacking
4B.B.U. to close baking plants in South Dakota, Kentucky
5Pamplona Capital to buy BakeMark from CSM
( more )
1Grupo Bimbo to acquire East Balt Bakeries
2Pamplona Capital to buy BakeMark from CSM
3Flowers in voluntary separation incentive plan
4Private equity firm acquires Gold Coast Bakeries
5Slideshow: The many layers of Gold Standard Baking
1Hostess, Carl's Jr. team up on Ding Dong ice cream sandwich
2Former Merita Bread bakery in Orlando razed
3JAB finalizes purchase of Panera Bread
4Slideshow: New products from Nestle, Unilever, Riviana Foods
5Is whole wheat bread always healthier?
to the PRINT edition, or click below for free INSTANT ACCESS to valuable news and insights in the Digital Edition.


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KRK V8S4 (Single)
8" Active Studio Monitor
- Description
- Additional Information
- Alternative Products
KRK V8S4 (Single) Packages
£1,217.00 Inc VAT
£1,236.00 Inc VAT
£1,247.00 Inc VAT
KRK V8S4 (Single) Product Description
The KRK V8S4 Studio Monitors utilise Kevlar for both the woofer and tweeter, which ensures extremely smooth midrange definition without colourization and a pristine high-end with tight, controlled low-end. When combined with the bi-amplified design, the V8S4 monitors deliver a wide sweet spot and superior imaging that is perfect for mixing, mastering, recording and playback applications alike.
- KRK custom designed Kevlar tweeter
- KRK custom designed Woven Kevlar woofer
- Optimised front ported bass reflex enclosure
- Bi-amplified Class-D amplification
- Acoustic and desk loading condition correction low frequency EQ's
- Mid and high frequency EQ
- 49 different DSP driven EQ presets give you superior control for room/desk correction as well as personal taste
- Precise input level attenuation switch
- Standby, ground life, input sensitivity and logo LED selectors
- Optional protective grille included for mobile broadcast applications
- Friction lock, Neutrik combo (XLR and TRS) connectors
- Robust EVA foam pad for non-skid and acoustic isolation
- Universal threaded mounting bracket points
Technical Specifications
- Configuration: 2-Way
- System Type: Active Studio Monitor
- Cast Aluminium Frame
- Kevlar Cone
- Ferrite Magnet
- Kevlar Dome
- Ferrite Magnet
- Frequency Response: 35Hz - 19kHz, ±3dB
- Frequency Range: 29Hz - 24kHz, ±10dB
- Crossover Frequency: 1.8kHz
- Power Output: 230 Watts Total
- LF: 200 Watts
- HF: 30 Watts
- SPL: 118dB Peak SPL
- Connectors: XLR / 1/4'' Combo Input
- Input Impedance: Balanced 10k Ohms
- Auto-Standby: 30 Minutes
- Enclosure Material: MDF/Aluminium
- Grille: Perforated Steel, Powder Coated, Covered both Woofer and Tweeter (Optional)
- Hardware:
- Tool for Switches (Included)
- Threaded Inserts on Bottom of Enclosures - Compatible with KRKSTDX4A1 Pole Mount and KRKSTDX8A1 Wall Mount
- Dimensions: 17.13'' x 11.18'' x 13.66'' / 435mm x 284mm x 347mm (H x W x D)
- Weight: 31.75lbs / 14.4kg
- Level Attenuation: -3dB, -2.5dB, -2dB, -1.5dB, -1dB, -0.5dB, 0dB
- System Settings:
- A (Ground Lift)
- B (Input -10dBV/+4dBu)
- C (Standby On/Off)
- D (Logo LED On/Off)
- E (Logo LED Bright/Dim)
- L1: Low Shelf -3dB, 60Hz
- L2: Low Shelf -1.5dB, 60Hz
- L3: Low Shelf -2dB, 60Hz / Low Mid Peq -2dB, 200Hz
- L4: Flat
- L5: Low Mid Peq -2dB, 200Hz
- L6: Low Shelf +1.5dB, 60Hz
- L7: Low Shelf +3dB, 60Hz
- H1: High Shelf -2dB, 10kHz
- H2: High Shelf -1dB, 10kHz / High Mid Peq -1dB, 3.5kHz
- H3: High Mid Peq -1dB, 3.5kHz
- H4: Flat
- H5: High Mid Peq +1dB, 3.5kHz
- H6: High Shelf +1dB, 10kHz / High Mid Peq +1dB, 3.5kHz
- H7: High Shelf +2dB, 10kHz
KRK V8S4 (Single) Additional Information
|Sold As
|Speaker Type
|Speaker Configuration
|LF Driver Size
|LF Amplifier
|LF Driver Material
|HF Driver Size
|HF Amplifier
|HF Driver Material
|Total Power
|Min Frequency Response (Hz)
|29 Hz
|Max Frequency Response (kHz)
|24 kHz
|Max SPL
|118 dB
|Crossover Frequency
|1.8 kHz
|Port Configuration
|Front Ported
|Monitor Features
|Mounting Points
|Level Control
|Bass, Mid, Treble
|Input Connectivity
|XLR, 1/4" Jack
KRK V8S4 (Single) Alternative Products
KRK V8S4 (Pair)
£1,217.00 Inc VAT
KRK V8S4 (Pair) With Stands & Cables
£1,247.00 Inc VAT
KRK V8S4 (Pair) With Isolation Pads & Cables
£1,236.00 Inc VAT
KRK V8S4 (Single) - Nearly New
£555.00 Inc VAT


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Skip navigation.
Northwestern Oklahoma State University's softball doubleheader at Atchison, Kan. with Benedictine College has been cancelled for Monday, April 13. The two games will not be made up.
The Ranger softball team will next be in action on Thursday, April 16 in Shawnee, when the two teams meet for a 1 p.m. doubleheader.
MISSION STATEMENT: Northwestern Oklahoma State University provides quality educational and cultural opportunities to learners with diverse needs by cultivating ethical leadership and service, critical thinking and fiscal responsibility.


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Charles Coffner McKeehanwas born June 3, 1821 in Monroe County, Tennessee and was the oldest child of Landon and Nancy Girdner McKeehan. We know little of his early life, his schooling, religious and cultural environment or his personal philosophy. He was probably raised and trained in farming since his father Landon was a farmer. In census records, he is listed as a merchant and carpenter and was an accountant at the time of his death (see below). Military records indicate that he and younger brother Alexander Haywood were Privates in Company H of the 5th Tennessee Infantry (Volunteers) in the Mexican War. They enlisted in Athens, Bradley County, Tennessee on Nov. 6, 1847, served under Captain Harrison Dill and General George P. McClellan at the Jalapa National Bridge in Vera Cruz, Mexico. C.C. was promoted to 1st Sargent on 1 Mar 1848. Descendants and relatives never mentioned this military service although it is well-documented in official records. Charles and Alexander were discharged on the same date in Memphis on Aug. 20, 1848. They both married Sylar girls who may have been sisters. Charles Coffner McKeehan and Sarah Maria Sylar were married October 24, l850 in Bradley County, Tennessee. Charles and Sarah were the parents of twelve children, all born in Arkansas except the oldest Peter Hartley McKeehan who was born in Bradley County, Tennessee in 1851. Second child Charles Houston McKeehan was the first to be born in Saline County, Arkansas in 1853.
Sarah Maria Sylar was born March 4, l833 in Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee. She is the daughter of Peter Hartley Sylar (1796-1877) and Sarah (Sally) Adams (1808-1888). Peter Hartley Sylar was the oldest child born in Virginia of Jacob Sëyler Jr. (Jacob Siler/Sylar) (1763-1826) of Frederick, Maryland and his Virginia-born wife Jane Hartley. Jacob Sëyler Jr. is believed to be the youngest son of immigrants from Northern Alsace-Lorraine (then Germany) Johann Jacob Sëyler, a cooper, from Birlenbach, who married Dorothea Schaff from Retschweiler. Johann Jacob Sëyler was the son of Matthai Sëyler, citizen and church censor at Birlenbach. The family left Alsace-Lorraine in 1752 for America and are thought to have arrived before or in 1755. Jacob Sëyler Jr., son-in-law of Peter (Boston) Hartley, is believed to be the Jacob Siler referred to in "Davy Crocketts Own Story" (Citadel Press, NY, pg. 22) to whom 12 year old Davy was hired out to drive cattle on the Abingdon Road between Natural Bridge and the Crockett Tavern in Tennessee.
Charles Coffner McKeehan and Sarah Maria Sylar have not yet been located in the 1850 census of either Tennessee or Arkansas. He is listed as household 967, a merchant living with wife Sarah M. and children, Peter, Charles, Archibald, Virginia and Nancy E. with assets of $12,300 in the 1860 census of Benton, Saline County, Arkansas. A laborer aged 20, George W. Allen, was living with the family. Since son Peter was born 15 Aug. 1851 and son Charles 28 Nov. 1853, Charles Coffner, Sarah and son Peter must have moved from Bradley County, Tennessee to Saline County, Arkansas between those dates. Charles Coffner McKeehans brother Lafayette McKeehan, a farm laborer, and wife Nancy also appear as household 819 in the 1860 census of Saline County.
In the middle of the 19th century, Arkansas was virgin territory with pine forests in the highlands and rich delta soil in the lowlands along the Missisippi, Arkansas and Red Rivers. The family lived in the area formed by the junctions of Saline, Grant and Hot Springs Counties near the city of Benton between Little Rock and Hot Springs.
In 1863, C.C. McKeehan was an Associate Justice of the Peace of the Saline County Court that participated in an order empowering and providing funds for Clerk of Court to remove Saline County records to a safe place in hiding if they were endangered by Federal scouts, raiders or armies:
By 1866, the family was in Hot Springs County where they were in the 1870 census. Charles is listed as a carpenter living with wife and housekeeper Sarah and children, Peter, Charles, Flippin, Virginia, Mary, Bragg, William and Ada with an estate of $10,400.
In the middle of the 19th century the dream of many Americans was to go west and that they did by covered wagons, trains, horseback and any other feasible way. Charles Coffner McKeehan dreamed of the Tarrant and Parker counties of north Texas. No doubt he dreamed of the opportunities to exercise his carpentry and business skills that were offered by the booming area. Sometime between 1871 and 1873, he rented space in a boxcar on the Iron Mountain "M.P." railroad in which he could move family, belongings, animals and tools of his trade to Texas. An outbreak of measles prevented Parker County, Texas from becoming the hub of the next generation of this McKeehan family. They got as far as Texarkana on the border of Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana in Miller County, Arkansas where Charles had to postpone his dream, unload, rent a house and seek employment until the family recovered. However, the originally temporary stop became permanent and the tri-states Texarkana area became the hub for the next generations of this line which began in Ireland, Germany, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee. Spokes of the wheel branch out in many directions, but for the majority of descendants the area is the hub, the home country.
Like central Arkansas, the Texarkana area also offered virgin timber and tillable land. The lumber industry was in full swing and sawmills driven by huge steam boilers were humming to capacity. It was in one of these that former justice of the peace, merchant and carpenter Charles Coffner McKeehan employed his knowledge of math, bookkeeping and office management skills to make a living and provide for his family. A huge explosion of a boiler adjacent to his office injured him so badly that he never recovered. He died on January 13, 1877 in Miller County, Arkansas. Charles Coffner lies on the east side of Harmony Grove Cemetery, next to wife Sarah Maria. In 1996, descendants placed a modern, prominent stone marker at the site.
Arkansas pension records for 1818-1900 indicate that widow Sarah Maria Sylar McKeehan applied for a pension based on her husband Charles Coffner McKeehans service in the Mexican War. Since her marriage certificate was destroyed in Bradley County, Tennessee in the Civil War, Nash Evans (J.P.), witnesses A.H. and Samuel W. McKeehan, her doctor S.A. Simmons, and John D. McKeehan who knew her since childhood attested to validity of her marriage. Sarah Maria Sylar McKeehan held the family together the best she could with the help of the older children until her death on May 20, 1901. According to some descendants, she was living in 1880 in Garland Township, MillerCo with 25 year old son A.O.F. McKeehan. She is known among descendants as a rugged individual, able to ride a horse as good as a man and a midwife. According to granddaughter Mabel McKeehan Wise, she was "a licensed midwife and rode horseback with her med bag and a shotgun tied to the saddle." She got about $10 for a delivery and often as not did not get paid.
b. Aug. 15, 1851 BradleyCo, Tennessee
d. Nov. 8, 1890 Arkansas
m. in Arkansas
Likely named after his grandfather Peter Hartley Sylar and great grandfather Peter Hartley, family Bible records indicate that Peter died as a young man of 39 in Arkansas. Born in 1851 in Bradley County, Tennessee, he was a one or two year old when he moved with parents to Saline County, Arkansas. Probably because he moved a lot and his early death, relatives of sister Virginia McKeehan Gray passed the story around that Peter disappeared from his parents home one dark night and was never heard from again until after the Civil War because he was afraid to fight. Peter would have been a ten year old at the outbreak of the war. Carrie M. Patterson McKeehan was born in Ringgold, Catoosa County, Georgia and later buried there in the Anderson Cemetery. According to her death certificate, Carrie died of a cerebral hemorrhage while living with son, Claude Alton, at 3200 E. 36th St., Chattanooga at the time of her death. Daughter Ida Mae Jenkins of the same address signed the warrant. She was a member of East Lake Methodist Episcopal Church. Children Claude and Ida were born in Tennessee (1887-1888), but the third child, James, was born in Arkansas in 1890. Claude never married and at the time of his death from cerebral hemorrhage he lived at 3200 E. 36th St. in Chattanooga and was a retired railroad employee according to his death certificate. He is buried in Ringgold, CatoosaCo, GA. At the time of her death, Ida Mae McKeehan Jenkins also lived at the same address and was a member of the East Lake United Methodist Church. She is buried in Anderson Cemetery in Ringgold, GA. Ida and Archie Jenkins had children Ruth and Anita (m. Ellis H. Bean). James R. McKeehan who died at age 92 was a member of the Methodist Church, Senior Neighbors and was retired from Plumbers and Steamfitters Local 43 of which he was a member for 72 years in Chattanooga according to his death certificate. He is buried in Forest Hills Cemetery in that city.
b. Nov. 28,1853 SalineCo, Arkansas
d. Dec. 1, 1930 HamiltonCo, Texas
m. 1. 13 Jun 1872 Hot SpringsCo,
2. 18 Jul 1877 MillerCo, Arkansas
b. Nov. 2, 1862 Valley Mills, BosqueCo, Texas
d. Mar. 3, 1944 DallasCo, TX
(Photo: Charles Houston with daughters Florence and Bertha and probably youngest son Totson Taxus).
b. Nov. 20, 1855 SalineCo, Arkansas
d. Jan. 25, 1922 MillerCo, Arkansas
m. 14 May 1887 MillerCo, Arkansas
He was known as Uncle Flip, a farmer who lived and died in the area southeast of Texarkana. Various records refer to him as A.O.F., Archibald, Flippen and Flippin. Uncle Flip is buried with wife and some of his children on the east side of Harmony Grove Cemetery, just north of his father Charles Coffner and Sarah McKeehan. Until 1996 when descendants placed a marker at the site recalled by nephew Wallace C. McKeehan, his burial site was unmarked.
b. SalineCo, Arkansas Feb. 27, 1858
d. Dec. 25, 1939
m. 13 Jun 1872 in Lena, Hot SpringsCo,
Virginia and Joshua, none by relatives as Jenny and Josh, lived in the Texarkana area throughout their lives and have a large number of descendants in the three states area around Texarkana. They are buried in the Old Harmony Grove Cemetery south of Texarkana. Hot Springs County marriage records state Josua C. Gray, 19, wed Virginia A. McKeehan, 14, at residence of John Gray by Wm. ??, a young Baptist minister. Granddaughter Nettie Moore Camps records indicate that Virginias brother, Charles H., age 19, married Mary E. Ridley, age 15, at the same time.
b. Jan. 1, 1860 SalineCo, Arkansas d. Sept. 13, 1868
Nancy was less than nine years of age when she passed from this life, left no heritage, no descendants. She was gone, but not forgotten throughout the lives within the circle of people who remember that she was there among them.
b. Feb. 10, 1862 SalineCo, Arkansas b. Feb. 10, 1862 SalineCo, Arkansas
d. 26 Jun 1952 Texarkana, BowieCo, Texas
m. 3 Sep 1882 MillerCo, Arkansas
The Swangers clustered about Texarkana, worked in various trades and civil service. According to nephew, W.C. McKeehan, his Aunt Mary suffered severely from arthritis in her later years. She is buried in Harmony Grove Cemetery. [Photo: Daughter Lavenia and Mary Elizabeth looked sufficiently similar in later years to cause some descendants to suggest the photo may be Lavenia rather than Mary Elizabeth.]
b. Dec. 28, 1863 SalineCo, Arkansas
d. May 9, 1939
Braxton lived his life as a single man. He was an outgoing type of guy who was dear to all the kin of Charles and Sarah McKeehan. He was known as Uncle Pat. He lived near the James Washington McKeehan family for many years in a little one room house. He was a skilled carpenter, handyman and builder. He spent a number of years doing maintenance work for local hospitals in the Texarkana area. He came to Bloomburg,Texas home of Jim and Josie McKeehan to take his death bed. Some of the girls said that he wanted to be near his beloved Josie and Jim when he passed away. The writer (W.C. McKeehan) was there at the time and I held him in my arms when he took his last breath. He is buried beside his parents in Harmony Grove Cemetery.
b. Jan. 4, 1866 Hot SpringCo, Arkansas
d. Sep. 1946
m. Rebecca L. Paulk (1874-1932)
William was known as William Lee and Uncle Sam. He was a skilled carpenter and builder. He spent some time around Beaumont, Texas. He and wife Rebecca are buried in Stateline Cemetery. A marker for infant daughter stands in Harmony Grove Cemetery.
Children: Audrey; Mildred; Charles R. (b. 1897); Elizabeth W. (died infant);
b. March 16, 1868 Hot SpringsCo, Arkansas
d. 16 Sep 1942 Springhill, WebsterPr, Louisiana
m. James (Jimmy) Thomas Dunigan (1868-1899)
Papa James Washington McKeehan referred to the Dunigan couple as Alta and Jim. They lived most of their lives around Springhill, Louisiana. In some records, Alta is listed as Ada. Alta and some children are buried in Springhill Cemetery.
b. Dec. 29, 1870 GrantCo, Arkansas
d. July 14, 1956 CassCo, Texas
m. 1. 31 Jan 1893 MillerCo, Arkansas
2. 24 Mar 1900 MillerCo, Arkansas
Children: James Patrick, Laura Josephine, Ray Warren, Paul Jones, Glenn Marie, Henrietta Florence, Mabel Clara, Marjorie May, Wallace Clark, Ruble Bradeen, Emma Camilla, Jesse Rebecca, John Braxton.
Papa James Washington McKeehan loved his family dearly and the following shows it more than any one event. According to daughter Florence, when his youngest sister Ida died, he wanted to go to her funeral. There was a mixup on the time, when they arrived the service was over and the mourners had come and gone. It was a cold February day and only the dying embers of a fire indicated that a service had been there. Florence related
[Editors note: Ida A. McKeehan Canant died in 1939, Mary Elizabeth McKeehan Swanger, another sister, was the last of the generation to die (summer 1952) before James Washington McKeehan. Widower Papa James Washington McKeehan lived with daughter Florence and husband Howard Lee on their Cass County farm in the period 1950-1956]
Details on the family, that of the author and editor, W.C. and W.L. McKeehan, are outlined separately.
March 31, 1873-March 7, 1876
This little boy of less than three years had no time to leave impact on the generation around him or future generations. He was here long enough to feel his parents love and gone before knowing the joys, struggles and trials the rest of the family and descendants experienced.
b. March 14, 1876 MillerCo, Arkansas
d. 2 Feb 1939 CassCo, Texas
m. 10 Jan 1895, MillerCo, AR
Ida and Eldridge Canant were farmers and merchants in the Texarkana area. Eldridge Canant was a doctor with an office in Bassett, TX in 1931. Their marriage in 1895 was witnessed by S.F. Walker and J.W. McKeehan. Both are buried in OFarrell Cemetery west of Atlanta, Texas.
[Sketch of E.E. Canant's doctor's office in Bassett, TX, 1931 by grandson Lloyd Canant]


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If your CrossFit WOD is calling for 100 pull ups in a row, and you can't do 1, its time you get our pull up bar/band kit. With the bar and the bands, Rubberbanditz will get you over the bar!
Pull up Bar
Pull-ups are touted as the best all-around upper body exercise on the planet. The Rubberbanditz multi-functional training bar is versatile and easy to install, so you can strengthen and tone your arms, back, chest and core with one piece of equipment. The bar has three grip positions (narrow/wide/neutral) to work your muscles from many different angles.
In addition to your upper body workout, place the Rubberbanditz bar face down on the floor, where you can easily perform pushups, dips and sit-ups to round out your routine.
Exercise Bands
As you contract your muscles, they become shorter and more powerful. Our bands operate much in the same way; the tension increases the more you stretch them, offering a continuum of resistance. Once the band is stretched-when your muscles are contracted-the force of the resistance you are opposing is greatest. Hence, resistance bands are a perfect complement to the way your muscles naturally work. Increase the resistance from medium to maximum by stretching this circular band up to 2.5 times its original length or combine with lighter bands for extra tension.
Heavy Band
This is excellent when used as lightly assisted pull up bands. This multifaceted band is a great middle ground for many functional training, strengthening and stretching exercises - particularly for larger muscle groups. Also effective when used as plyometric bands and agility training bands.
Robust Band
This versatile band is designed for dynamic workouts with our without weights. Aside from being one of our most popular pull up bands, the robust bands have several practical uses for many explosive full body exercises found in the user manual. Additionally, power lifters have found these bands useful for adding ascending resistances to many Olympic lifts.
Power Band
The Power bands are widely used as CrossFit assisted pull-up bands. Also popularized as powerlifting bands, these heavy duty bands are often used in conjunction with free weights to offer natural ascending resistances levels; attach the bands to weight bars, benches or squat racks for added resistance during lifts and explosive exercises. Applicable for use with or without weights.
NOTE: Colors may vary. All circular exercise bands are 41in (104 cm) in length and come in three sizes with varying resistances. Our natural rubber latex is over 99.998% free of soluble proteins (latex allergens). Effects of use by people with latex sensitivity is unknown and not recommended.
Resistance: 30-250 lbs
Length: Bands are 41 inches
Package Includes
- one (1) Pull up Bar
- one (1) Heavy Band.
- one (1) Robust Band.
one (1) Power Band.
We also recommend
Ab Straps$29.95
Additional Information
|Shipping Weight (pounds)
|Product Disclaimer
|Our premium bands are made from natural rubber latex which is over 99.998% free of soluble proteins (latex allergens). Effects of use by people with latex sensitivity is unknown and not recommended.


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text: I am trying to connect to active directory on a system that runs 9.1 RELEASE with XFCE. I have filled out all of the fields, and rebooted. After configuring through the GUI pc-activedirectory.conf has been popluated with all of the settings for my domain. However when I reboot and log into GDM I see no difference as I only have my local user to log into. I tried going to other other and typing domain\myuser but that didn't do anything. I tried to go to network and browse for the server. When I connect to the server it still asks for my credentials. After reading your wiki it showed this feature needs more testing and that I would need to report to the testing mailing lists. Are there any logs, etc I will need to look at to test this feature? Also I am unsure what exactly this feature is supposed to provide as the documentation didn't really say. Is is supposed to allow me to authenticate with GDM using my active directory? Joe Maloney -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://lists.pcbsd.org/pipermail/testing/attachments/20130426/ed63452f/attachment.html>


text:
American Roadhouse
Months ago, I stopped in for lunch at American Roadhouse with a friend. With choices like the Deli Burger- Homemade corned beef, pastrami, muenster & 1000 island on a 10 oz. burger, Grilled Salmon with Pineapple Chutney, and over 15 types of omelettes, the choices are endless. I sampled the corned beef sandwich, which was chock full of meat – even I could only eat half, and the squash casserole that accompanied it was filling and tasty. My friend ordered the special of the day, crab cake sandwich with macaroni and cheese and she was equally pleased with her selection.
842 N Highland Ave NE
Atlanta, GA 30306
The Cuban Diner
I've been to the Cuban Diner in Marietta a handful of times now. I can't seem to order anything but the Cuban sandwich as it is just so tasty and a great lunch special at $6 for a half sandwich and two sides. The fish pictured below right, is another lunch special. I'm not crazy about Tilapia, but it is cooked just right and is perfectly seasoned. Another good lunch option.
1484 Roswell Road
Marietta, GA 30062
Umezono Japanese
Lunch is a great option here. Combo lunch includes Miso Soup, Salad with yummy ginger dressing and lots of sushi, dumpling, udon choices and more. My favorite is the Pork Katsu (not pictured), a fried pork cutlet. Delicious and so filling. All of this for less than eight bucks!
2086 Cobb Pkwy SE
Smyrna, GA 30080


text:
life, the universe, and everything, plus a sleeping baby
February 27th, 2012
We very much enjoyed the long weekend last week. Did you? We didn't do anything special, just relaxed, tried to catch up on housework and errands, all that stuff. Then on Tuesday, Troy turned 42. His birthday was rather meh, since he had to work late (as usual) and we didn't get to have a birthday dinner. I made coffee cake in mugs, at his request, and we ate those while he opened a few presents after he got home from work. Then we did baths and put the girls to bed. Not exciting, but not a bad day.
Thursday afternoon, we had the house cleaned which was utterly wonderful. We decided it's worth it to us to pay for a professional housecleaning about once a month. It makes such a difference and is worth every penny, and every movie we don't see in a theater and every coffee we don't buy at Starbucks.
Thursday evening, we picked up our friend Rebekah and her kids at the airport. They were flying back from visiting family, and since one of the kids had an appointment with her eye doctor just up the road from us (they live in the same small Southern Maryland town we used to live in, which often means going to D.C. for specialists) they stayed the night at our house! Bek said she couldn't believe it took them two years before they finally got to stay the night with us. We've tried several times before but illness or weather or something always messed with our plans. Annalie was over the moon to have her friends stay the night.
Friday morning we enjoyed our friends' company. The kids took advantage of the mild weather and played outside. After lunch Bekah and her kids headed home. Since it was raining, and I was in a good mood and Annalie was a little sad to say good-bye to her friends, we stopped at the bakery for cookies. That evening, it took Troy almost two hours to get home from work thanks to horrible traffic. I spent those two hours feeding the kids and getting them ready for bed, silently reciting to myself the list of reasons I am thankful that we aren't leaving D.C. till August. If I remind myself often enough, think I'll start to believe it?
I think I mentioned before that Elliora's sleep habits had become atrocious since we were in Omaha. She was teething something fierce when we first got there, and being in a different place and a different bed was not okay with her. She spent about an hour or two in the middle of the night EVERY SINGLE NIGHT we were in Omaha and Texas, all 25 nights, letting us know how upset she was about it all. It was stressful and exhausting and it got so I dreaded nighttime. In Texas things were a little better because Troy was there to help out, but she was still awake and mad in the middle of the night. It suuuuuucked.
We thought things would improve sleep-wise when we got home, but they didn't, not really. And nothing we tried helped—not back-patting, not singing, not cuddling, not nursing, not sitting in the room with her. After a few nights, we realized we were going to have to leave the room and let her cry. When she woke up in the middle of the night, we checked on her and reassured her and then gritted our teeth and left her alone. We'd go in and check on her every few minutes, but only stay a minute or two and then leave again. The first night, she cried for about an hour before going back to sleep. The second night it took about a half-hour. Every night since then, if she's awakened, she's gone back to sleep within a few minutes.
I'll be honest: it's a relief that she's not up crying for hours anymore. I still hate listening to her cry knowing she's in the room by herself, even for a few minutes, even though her crying is clearly pissed-off, not scared. For heaven's sake, when we ask Elliora to pick up her applesauce pouch and take it to the trash can in the kitchen and throw it away, she does it. If she can follow three-step directions, I know that she understands us when we tell her that it's nighttime, time to lie down, time to close her eyes and go to sleep. She's 15 months old, not 15 weeks. Knowing all of that still doesn't make the crying any easier to listen to, but I'll live. It's easier to live with guilt when you're well-rested, apparently.
Free pattern for crocheted golden snitches. Thanks, Deborah!
You know that whole do what you love philosophy that I talk about from time to time? Apparently right now I love crocheting and cooking meals and taking photos and watching Downton Abbey with Troy more than I love blogging. I do miss blogging, though. I write posts in my head all the time. I look forward to having the time to actually type those posts out again someday, and then actually edit and Flickr photos on the same day I take them so they're not three weeks old by the time I post them. Sigh.
How did it get to be almost March already? How is 2012 treating you all so far?
17 Responses to "life, the universe, and everything, plus a sleeping baby"
Great! We MIGHT eventually get a house, the bebe is a dream come true, and eh, trying to find that work-life balance that doesn't leave anyone feel like I am totally sharking my duties. Love the snitches and love that Annalie got to have her buddies over.
Pretty good – definitely can't complain. But it's definitely going a little too fast for me. I'm kind of wishing it would slow down since Isaac is getting to an age where he's becoming more enjoyable. Not that he wasn't enjoyable before, he's just much easier to care for than he was a few months ago in my opinion. The picture of Elliora with the half smile and the banana is just precious!
Great pics as always. The kids look healthy and happy. Very impressed by the snitches.
I can always cheer myself up by looking at my best pics of the kids. Can make things look idyllic by choosing wisely…
We're still staggered by becoming parents of two, and we're far from sleeping through the night. Hoping for great developments later in the year though.
Glad to hear from you. Love that top pic, you're such a cute family.
Really well! Heck, I just had a shout-out in your blog, didn't I? You should really hang out down here more often. It should be easy to get home before Troy does!
I'm glad Elliora is sleeping better! It's truly amazing how much more bearable life becomes when you (and those around you) get enough sleep!
By the time you move back here, chances are the as-of-yet-nameless baby will have become a decent traveler and we'll get to hang out lots. And lots. :)
(Noah misses the kitties, haha.)
Oh, I remember the sleep training days all too well. They aren't very fun. But! Everything is better when you are all getting the sleep you need. I can't believe she is 15 months already! I am hoping and praying number 3 sleeps as well as our oldest did (and nothing like number 2, please, please, please). This mama isn't ready to be up all night again, but I suppose that goes with the territory for a while, anyway. Good to see your smiling faces!
We are totally into Downton Abbey right now too! And I've been trying to teach myself to crochet. I can knit fairly well, but crocheting is proving more difficult. Love the snitches!
Summer in DC is a good thing! I used to visit my sister there every summer. I loved visiting all the museums and monuments. Have you taken the girls to mount Vernon? And Williamsburg? I love Williamsburg! I made sure to visit there again when we were living in DC for six months. I bet Annalie would like it.
Your post title made me laugh because I am currently re reading The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. And I realized that the description of the book being an electronic one that you press buttons to find what part you want is kind of like our kindles and iPads and such! I need a cover that says Don't Panic!
Oh, I just got the 42 reference, ha ha.
I think you know how I feel about CIO and sleep training and, honestly, I think you handled the whole thing beautifully and perfectly. You are such a good mama. And I'm so glad you got some rest. Hugs!
Oh my goodness, your crocheting projects are adorable and perfect. Not at all surprising, but it needed to be noted. :)
Got inspired by your birthday cake and made mug cake for the first time tonight – turned out perfect! Love the snitches! Elliora is too cute in the banana pics! Hang in there. :-)
Hiya, I know I've commented on the baby sleeping thing–but I'll say it again–I k now where you're coming from! It's not something you can talk a bout to someone who has a baby who was born knowing how to sleep. We fiiiiiiinallllly got Nora to sleep through the night other than a 5 AM waking just before she turned two. But then when she turned 2 (Valentine's Day) I weaned her AND we went on a trip back home to Idaho. She did the same thing you described every night. Awake for hours screaming. Waking up my in-laws. I came home so stinkin' tired. But, home seems to agree with her and the weaning anger seems to be ending and we are back to sleeping again. Praise the Lord! Now to get her out of our room and into the room with her sister…I just don't want to mess with the fact that I've gotten to sleep the past 5 nights through : ) Good job dealing with the crying–you are an amazing woman!
1. This: "and is worth every penny, and every movie we don't see in a theater and every coffee we don't buy at Starbucks" — gets a big HECK YES! from me. :)
2. The banana photo of Elliora, the one on the right? Probably my favorite photo ever of her.
3. Sleep is wonderful. I cannot wait to know that wonderfulness again. Preston nurses a LOT at night — full feedings — so I'm waiting a month or two before I start sleep-training him. When he's a year old. I'm already dreading it. (But looking forward to SLEEP.)
4. You are incredible with a crochet hook.
5. 2012 is not too shabby so far, save for last week, which SUCKED. All five of us with gastroenteritis? DO NOT WANT. This week is much better. :)
Oh the sleep wars! My second was an awful sleeper…she's the reason there isn't a THIRD! Lol Good luck. :)
Hearing a crying baby is so hard. I can't recall any specific sleeping issues with the kids. And I can't remember what else I was going to say because the kids are pulling me away as usual. Sigh.
Yea!!! You made the snitch pattern! Yours turned out even cooler than the original because you used sparkly yarns. More pizazz with the sparkly. They would make excellent Christmas tree ornaments! ….and I love that photo of E. Such a cutie! I *might* be heading up your way again shortly…still standing by for a decision. My brother was admitted to the hospital last night – large abscess in the back of his neck that they are trying to attack with antibiotics – possible surgery. If they do the surgery, my SIL may need help with their boys. I'll let you know if I get called up. Maybe you'll have some time for me to come see you. :)


text:
Cotton County Oklahoma Genealogical Society
At this
time, we do not have a flat charge for research,
but do take donations and reimbursement for our expenses for mailing.
this time we are working on obits dating the early 1900s.
Please contact Margie or Faye for requests.
President: Karen Sanderson lives
in Walters
Vice President: Margie Etter lives in Walters
Secretary/Treasurer: Judy Burns
Copyright © 2013
You are Visitor [an error occurred while processing this directive] since October 28, 2005
This page was last updated Tuesday, 07-May-2013 10:18:39 MDT


text:
The Faculty at the Family Medicine Residency Program at CentraState Medical Center oversees a groundbreaking program that offers residents training for the future of family medicine. They are experienced in building successful family medicine practices and have been published in respected journals, including the Swanson Family Medicine Review.
|Christine Easton
|Jodi Franklin


text:
A dentulous mandible specimen is shown on the experimental apparatus. The Bionix Material Test System (MTS System Corp, Eden Prairie, Minn) was used to deliver a downward perpendicular force on the anterior mandible via 2 lateral points on the steel rod. This setup ensured symmetric loading of the mandible and simulated bilateral physiologic loads. The steel wire, which prevents the osteotomy from sliding during force testing and also serves as a hinge, is visible on the left, just below the mandibular plate.
An example of critical failure at the plate: the plate has broken at screw hole 3 from the right side. The steel rod, on which the force is applied, is visible on the right.
One of the control hemimandibles, which used a curved 6-hole titanium mandibular fracture plate (Stryker Craniomaxillofacial, Freiburg, Germany) fixed with six 2.0 × 6-mm screws.
The mean ± SD force required to cause critical failure in the dentulous and edentulous mandibles tested by plating system group.
The mean ± SD force required to cause critical failure in each group by sex and plating system group.
Jain SA, Simmons OP, Hanemann MS, Baratta RV, Guerra AB, Metzinger SE. Comparison of Tensile Strength of Resorbable Plating Systems Used in Monocortical Mandible Angle Osteotomy Repair. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2006;8(6):390-395. doi:10.1001/archfaci.8.6.390
© 2017
Author Affiliations: Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (Drs Jain and Hanemann), Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Dr Simmons), and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Dr Baratta), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Aesthetic Surgical Associates, Metairie, La (Drs Guerra and Metzinger); and McCollough Institute of Appearance and Health, Gulf Shores, Ala (Drs Guerra and Metzinger).
Correspondence: Stephen Eric Metzinger, MD, Aesthetic Surgical Associates, 3601 Houma Blvd, Suite 300, Metairie, LA 70006 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Objective To determine the usefulness of resorbable plating systems in load-bearing applications of the mandible and the location of critical failure.
Methods An osteotomy was created in 24 fresh cadaveric mandibles at the angle and fixated by the Champy technique with similar resorbable craniofacial plating systems from 4 manufacturers. Each mandible was held rigid as a material test system applied a downward force anteriorly. The critical tolerance was measured and the type of failure was noted.
Results Critical failure occurred at forces from 34.6 to 137.8 N. We found a statistically significant difference between the plating groups (P<.001 for all comparisons). The point of failure was almost uniformly at the plate.
Conclusions Critical failure was overwhelmingly due to rupture of the plate rather than to stripping or shearing of the screws as had been strongly expected. We found differences in plate strengths for this particular application and did not evaluate their respective long-term resorptive properties. We do not advocate that single resorbable plate fixation be the sole means of mandible angle fracture fixation, regardless of the plating system used.
Advances in pediatric craniofacial and orthognathic surgical fields have led to wider use of resorbable plating systems in the rigid fixation of bone trauma. This trend is supported by the desire to limit the amount of permanent hardware in patients. Although metal plates have been reliable with low complication rates, they have drawbacks.1 These include the undesirable effects of palpability, visibility, temperature sensation, and interference with radiological studies.2 Metallic plates can also migrate, become exposed (possibly requiring subsequent removal), interfere with facial growth, and create stress shielding, in which overly rigid fixation causes bone weakening.3 Titanium originating from the plates has been found to shed into adjacent tissues and can be traced to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. The ultimate effect of titanium deposition within adjacent soft tissue and regional lymph nodes has yet to be fully elucidated.4-7
Use of resorbable plating systems in osteosynthesis of the mandible is on the rise, particularly in children. This is partially driven by concerns for restriction of normal mandibular growth that occurs with fixation using metallic plating systems.8 This complication may be limited by use of hardware that resorbs over time.
We undertook this study to compare 4 different plating systems currently available and to evaluate their integrity and resistance to physiologic forces. We used fresh human cadaveric mandibles to reproduce the application and fixation of the plates as realistically as possible, creating a mechanical model with human bone. We also wanted to compare the different properties of the bone to determine whether those properties affect the results. We modified the illustration by Blez and Kahn9 to create our study.
Twenty-four fresh cadaveric mandibles were obtained (12 dentulous and 12 edentulous). Sixteen of the mandibles were from females and 8 were from males. These were divided into 2 test groups based on dentition. Four plating systems were used (Table 1).
To prepare the osteotomy/plate construct, a 1.8-mm hole was drilled on each side of the inferior portion of the osteotomy, 6 mm from each other and 5 mm from the angle of the mandible. The osteotomies were created 45° from horizontal on each mandibular angle and 2.5 cm anterior to the lingula. A 24-gauge steel wire was placed through the 1.8-mm holes to prevent the osteotomy from sliding during force testing; the wire also served as a hinge. The resorbable plates were trimmed to 7 holes, if needed, allowing for 3 holes on each side of the osteotomy. The plates were then contoured and fixed with the standard Champy technique along the osteosynthesis line.10-11 The plates were then placed in a heat bath and contoured to the shape of the site to be fixed. The plates were placed 3 mm inferior to the superior border of the angle of the mandible. The mandible was drilled and tapped, and the plates were fixed with their respective screws as presented in Table 2.
To test each side of the mandible independently, each mandibular condyle was encased in plaster of paris before testing and placed on the testing apparatus. The opposite condyle was left free (Figure 1). When force was applied to the first side, the second side was not being stressed. Therefore, our mechanical construct allowed each angle osteotomy/plate construct to be stressed, independent of the opposite side. After each mandible was prepared and placed in the test apparatus, a test system (Bionix Material Test System; MTS System Corp, Eden Prairie, Minn) delivered a downward perpendicular force on the anterior mandible via 2 lateral points on the steel rod (Figure 1). The lingula of each side of the mandible was the reference point from which measurements were made. Transosseous steel rods were placed 5.0 cm anterior to the lingula through each side of the mandibular parasymphysis exiting the contralateral side, equidistant from the superior and inferior edges. This served as the lever to which uniform force is applied. Our setup ensured symmetric loading of the mandible and simulated bilateral physiologic loads.
Force was applied and measured until a critical failure occurred in the integrity of the fixation (Figure 2). The amount of the force and the site of failure were recorded. Three hemimandibles served as a control group (Table 2). The osteotomy/plate construct in the control group was created with the techniques outlined but used a curved 6-hole titanium mandible fracture plate (Stryker Craniomaxillofacial, Freiburg, Germany) that was fixed with six 2.0 × 6-mm screws in the same fashion as for the resorbable systems (Figure 3).
The force required for critical failure (force to failure) was analyzed via multivariable and 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with plate system, sex, and dentition as grouping variables and force to failure as the dependent variable. The Fisher P–least significant difference (PLSD) test was used to perform post hoc group comparisons. Significance for all tests was set at P<.05.
The individual testing results for the 4 groups are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. The mean ± SD force to failure in each group of plating systems is shown in the following tabulation.Article
In our control group, the mean force to failure was 340.67 ± 24.19 N.
The analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the plating system (P<.001). Post hoc results showed that groups C and D were the strongest and statistically similar. Groups A and B were the weakest and essentially the same. The differences between groups A and C and groups A and D were significant (P<.001), as were the differences between groups B and C and groups B and D (P<.001).
The individual focus of failure was also recorded. In 29 hemimandibles, the point of failure was plate breakage at 1 of the holes. In 15 hemimandibles, stretching of the plate caused failure. Only 4 hemimandibles had a different type of failure. In 1 case, the plate broke with 1 screw pulled out; in 2, the plate disengaged through the screw heads while the screw heads remained intact; and in 1, the plate disengaged through 1 screw head and sheared off the head of 2 other screws. In 2 of our controls, the mandible cracked at 322 and 332 N; in the third control, the plate stretched and then failed at 368 N (data not shown).
The mean force to failure required in dentulous and edentulous mandibles is compared in Figure 4. Two-way ANOVA, analyzing plating systems and dentition status, showed no effect of teeth on the results and no effect of teeth on the plating systems (P = .28 for dentulous vs edentulous groups, Fisher PLSD test).
The mean force to failure in each group by sex is compared in Figure 5. When we accounted for plate and sex, we found only a marginal effect of sex on the plating sytem used (P = .10, ANOVA). However, in the post hoc analysis, sex was significant (P = .007, Fisher PLSD test).
We measured the distances between the steel rod at the anterior mandible (K), the steel wire at the angle (H), and the center of the plate over the osteotomy site (P) (Table 4). We found a statistically significant difference for the mean ± SD H-P distances by sex (females, 14.16 ± 3.00 mm; males, 16.62 ± 4.84 mm; P = .03). In contrast, the mean ± SD K-H distances by sex were similar (females, 42.75 ± 4.13 mm; males, 42.12 ± 5.45 mm; P = .66).
The safety and efficacy of resorbable material in animal studies began more then 30 years ago.12-13 However, the literature regarding the biomechanical properties of the resorbable systems is limited. This is particularly so in the case of mandibular fractures and osteotomies. The focus has been largely on clinical efficacy and biological properties.14 Studies have evaluated resorbable hardware in metacarpal fractures, resorbable screws in condylar osteotomies in sheep, and resorbable plates in mandibular osteotomies in sheep.15-18
The safety and efficacy of resorbable plates in craniomaxillofacial surgery have also been established in the pediatric population.19-21 In addition, intraoral monocortical miniplate fixation has been established as an effective method for rigid fixation of mandibular fractures.22 One study had good results in 2 pediatric mandibular fractures, using a 6-hole resorbable plate in each case.23
The most significant finding from our study was the almost uniform site of failure—the plate—during the stress on the plated osteotomy. We had expected the failure to be at the screw head, where it would be sheared off of the body. We did not expect screws to be pulled out because of the location of the plates and the direction of the force. Failure was largely of 2 types: almost two thirds of the failures were due to actual cracks or breaks in the plate itself; about one third were due to stretching of the plate, and more than half of these occurred in plates from group D. We presume that the polymer used in the group D plates had more ductile properties. The low number of cases of screw failure demonstrates the greater integrity of the screws compared with the plates against forces perpendicular to the length of the screw when 6-screw fixation is used (3 screws on each side of the osteotomy). This was true for both 2.0-mm and 2.2-mm screws that were 6, 7, and 8 mm long.
Our experiment tested the plates by simulating incisor force through the anterior steel rod. The mean force to failure in each different plating system group ranged from 49.5 to 88.9 N. In one study,24 average incisor bite force ranged from 62.7 N in the first 6 weeks after fixation to 120.5 N after that, with 150.9 N being the average for controls. Another study25 showed a mean incisor force of approximately 150 N and a maximum incisor bite force of approximately 200 N; these values were not significantly different between males and females.
It is not known how much the physical properties are affected by contouring the plates with heat; therefore, it cannot be determined whether heating the plates affects the results.26 Degradation of the plating systems occurs through hydrolysis, with subsequent metabolism of the molecules and elimination of the end products by respiration.3 This was not evaluated and, likewise, long-term strength comparisons cannot be extrapolated from this study.
Groups A and B had similar results at lower forces. They also shared the same polymer material in the same composition—polylactic acid—but were designed differently. Groups C and D had similar results at higher forces. Groups C and D also were composed of polylactic acid but had different components of polyglycolic acid. Combining copolymers, which can give the plates desired qualities,3, 21 probably accounts for part of the difference in strength. The other part was likely the size of the plate, with plates from groups C and D being physically larger, particularly those from group D, a 2.2-mm plate (which is the company's equivalent for the 2.0-mm plate). In the literature, larger or multiple plates have been used in mandibular fixation studies, for the most part because of their reduced strength compared with metal plates.27-28 However, studies reviewed by Tams et al29 have also shown that larger polylactic acid plates and screws had long degradation periods, with increased complications.
Landes et al30 cited the disadvantage of screw breakage during fixation when using resorbable systems. We did not find this to be a problem. Like those authors, we agree that contouring the resorbable plate was easier than contouring metallic plates. In general, we found the various resorbable systems to be fairly straightforward to use.
Dentition had no effect on the force to failure for each plating system. This makes sense because failure occurred entirely within the hardware systems and no bone fractures were created. Insufficient force was generated to cause a bone failure before a hardware failure because of the generally low forces at which failure occurred.
Although ANOVA indicated that the effect of sex on the results was marginal, there was a statistically significant difference between the results for male and female mandibles on the basis of the post hoc Fisher PLSD test. This can be accounted for biomechanically by the results of the measurements between the steel rod serving as the bite force, the steel wire serving as a hinge, and the plate (Table 3). We found the K-H distance to be essentially equal, but found the H-P distance to be greater in male mandibles. Therefore, the force multiplying factor (K-H/H-P) will be greater for women. A similar masticatory force will result in greater tension across the plate owing to the smaller moment arm. Anatomically, this increased tension is the result of the smaller size of the mandible angle in females.
This study has 3 limitations. We did not evaluate plating system strength in the long term and therefore did not observe the effect of resorption on the strength of the different plating systems. Also, we did not include resorbable mandibular plating systems, and our results should not be extrapolated to them. A secondary limitation was the number of controls used. Although few in number, our controls demonstrated consistency in strength and gave a general idea of the difference between metal-system and resorbable-system strengths. The third limitation was the use of osteotomy, which behaves differently than fractures.
In this series, failure at the mandible angle fixation was due to the resorbable plates and not the screws and occurred at small to moderate forces. There was a significant difference between systems in this particular application of force that was likely accounted for by material and size. Our results do not take into consideration the long-term resorption qualities of each system. The dentition did not affect the results. The difference between the results for male and female mandibles was owing to the size of the mandible angle.
We suggest that resorbable plates hold promise in many aspects of craniofacial surgery and that improvements in their properties may, in the future, make them the gold standard in rigid fixation. It is largely recognized that the strength of the resorbable material is the limiting factor to its use.31-32 In mandible angle fracture or osteotomy, we do not advocate using a single craniofacial plate alone but may consider additional plates, with or without mandibulomaxillary fixation, or stronger resorbable plates capable of withstanding greater load-bearing forces. This capability is important, considering that mandible angle fractures have the highest rate of postsurgical complications.29 We do not recommend using metal screws with the resorbable plates because the resorbable screws work well.
Accepted for Publication: August 2, 2006.
Financial Disclosure: Dr Metzinger is a craniomaxillofacial faculty member for AO North America.
Funding/Support: This study was supported in part by a financial grant from AO North America. The plating systems were provided by Synthes, OsteoMed, W. Lorenz Surgical, Inc, and Stryker Craniomaxillofacial.
Disclaimer: The use of resorbable craniofacial plates in rigid fixation of the mandible is not recommended by Synthes, OsteoMed, W. Lorenz Surgical, Inc, or Stryker Craniomaxillofacial.
Previous Presentation: This study was presented in part as a poster at the annual Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons; October 10-14, 2004; New Orleans, La.