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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The word "sustainability" is often used in business in the belief that the current ways of doing things will be able to be continued with only minor changes to balance economic development with related environmental and social issues. There are, however, immense challenges that threaten the very sustainability of our global society, let alone individual businesses or developments. A few of the most important of these challenges—population growth, clean energy supply, fresh water availability, and global climate change—are discussed. As humanity forms its collective response to these threats, it is concluded that all intelligent people, but especially scientists, have important roles to play, not only in technical innovation, but also in catalyzing political action.
As with any era, finding ourselves in the early part of the 21st century, it is prudent to look ahead to see where we are headed, to forecast the environments in which we will be living, to position ourselves for opportunities and to prepare for challenges. For several decades, the word "sustainability" has influenced our thinking about the future. Some businesses and industrial associations have realized that significant changes in their environmental footprints must be instituted in order to sustain production and markets. There exist others, however, that expect our businesses and our ways of living and behaving, with minor tweaking and fiddling, will steadily show continuous improvements and economic growth far into the future. It is the contention of this paper that the latter opinion is wishful thinking and that our future is going to be fraught with many challenges, which will necessitate our changing the way we live and behave, or changes will be imposed on us by Nature.
This paper will summarize some of these challenges and discuss how they might be approached.
Within the business world over the last four decades, sustainability has become a common word. Some companies have changed their organizational structures, renaming what were once called Environment, Health and Safety to Departments of Sustainability, which recognize that protecting environmental and workers' health and respecting the communities in which they operate are core values that help retain a "license to operate". Businesses have joined together to promote larger industrial ventures, such as Sustainable Mining and Sustainable Chemistry, in anticipation that the introduction of certain business objectives or standards of operating will provide a firm basis for being "green".
However it is packaged, the word sustainability means to support and maintain a condition so that it continues without interruption, diminution, giving way, fading, or yielding [
In 1983 the General Assembly of the UN created a special, independent World Commission on Environment and Development chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland. Tasked with formulating a global agenda for change, the Commission proposed environmental strategies for achieving "environmentally sustainable economic development", shortened to sustainable development, by the year 2000 across all nations. While the goal set by the Commission was not met in their desired time frame, the Commission assisted in having most informed people accept that (1) it was impossible to separate issues of economic development from environmental and social issues; and (2) sustainable development was not a final state, but rather was a manner of behavior and a process of decision-making that met current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [
As a result of growing international concern with ecological degradation, an Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. While this Summit succeeded in raising attention on the issue of environmental sustainability, few positive steps to tackle most of the issues on a widespread basis have been successful. An example of one successful initiative was the forum created out of Rio called the Business Council for Sustainable Development, consisting of multi-national businesses which wanted to lay the framework and sustainability principles upon which businesses could operate. In 1995 this forum joined the World Industry Council for the Environment to create the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, which has the potential for significant impact and influence on the philosophy and operating practices of industry in areas of environmental stewardship, maintaining open and competitive markets, in reducing poverty and in maintaining licenses to operate in society.
It has been 25 years since the World Commission on Environment and Development released its recommendation and it is appropriate to ask how the world has responded. Many people are talking the talk, but walking the talk is more difficult. The reason is no mystery: the relative scarcity of capital. Industries are almost always focused on a relatively short horizon because shareholders want a fairly rapid return on their investment. Truly proper attention to environmental impacts of a new development can be trumped, no matter how progressive and predictive of long-term success those attentions might be, by this quarter's bottom line.
But industry is not alone in this approach. Most social institutions, indeed all governments, are resistant to change and are especially good at equating a go-slow philosophy with stability. It is difficult for governments to rapidly embrace new ways of managing or regulating economic development.
Yet more and more evidence is being amassed that warns of dramatic consequences waiting in the not-too-distant future if certain problems are not addressed very soon. For example, an Earth system framework has been quantified by Rockström and colleagues [
It seems that humanity has a dilemma. The continued growth of our collective environmental footprint must change in order for it to be sustainable. But humans, and particularly human institutions, are afraid of changing too much too fast. We are a cautious species and, while this trait may have contributed to our success over the last 10,000 years, our current caution about societal threats and our failure to act on them will likely have drastic consequences that we would do well to fear much more than the fear of change.
History shows that inactions by societies under threat have been linked with their subsequent collapses. Diamond [
A full litany of all the challenges our global society faces is beyond the scope of this paper. Several challenges are selected for discussion to characterize the breadth and seriousness of what we face: the growing human population, the continued reliance on "dirty" energy sources, the decreasing supplies of fresh water, and global climate change.
The global population reached 7 billion people in late 2011. It's instructive to look at how we have attained this number. In 8000 BC it is estimated that there were 5 million people alive on Earth. By 1 AD the number was around 200 million, then 275 million in 1000, 1 billion in 1894, 2 billion in 1927, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion by 1975 and 6 billion in 1999 [
This population, of course, is not distributed uniformly and neither is its energy consumption or carbon emissions. For example, while greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in 2000 was about 34 billion tons of CO2 equivalent, which equates to 9.5 tons of CO2 per person, the highest per capita annual emissions were for North America at 24 t, Australia at 19 t, Japan at 11 t, and Europe at 10 t. The largest geographical population densities in China and India contributed only 4 t and 2 t, respectively, but these per capita annual emissions are increasing at a staggering rate. In addition, the accumulated historical emissions per person per year over the period 1880–2004 show that the U.S. contributed 9 t of CO2 equivalent compared to only 0.5 t for China and 0.2 t for India [
Furthermore, we live in a truly global world. No longer are problems encountered in one region limited only to that region. Globalization may have its advantages because people in distant parts of the world can lend assistance to those in trouble in another part, but globalization has the disadvantage that no part of the world is insulated from any other. Other peoples' problems become our problems. The pressure human population puts on the global society, and the concomitant challenges we face and will face when we fail to provide for the essentials for life, permeates and affects every other action we want to take to sustain the way we are living.
Increasing the complexity of a system from a simpler state requires the input of energy. Such a decrease in the entropy in a portion of a system, if done spontaneously, must be carried out far from equilibrium and often is the result of a system having within it extremes of temperature. Thus, the development of life on Earth, obviously where a simple system became more complex, was enabled by conditions far from equilibrium due to large temperature differences between the Sun and the Earth [
Our global society, therefore, requires significant sources of energy just to maintain its current complexity, not even taking into account the increased energy investment that must be made to become even more complex (as, for example, with the increasing network of global systems of trade and with global communications networks such as the Internet). If, for some reason, a human society's supply of energy becomes less than it needs to maintain its complexity, it will collapse, often very rapidly. This is a fact we should look at very seriously for our current reliance on fossil fuels. While some people contend that the current energy situation looks rosy [
Water is essential for life and it has no substitute. Humans can live for a month without food, but most survive only a few days without water. It can be called not only an essential resource but an urgent resource. This resource, however, is taken for granted. Water appears to be plentiful because it covers 71% of the Earth's surface with a volume of some 330 million cubic miles [
How is the human population doing in sharing valuable fresh water? In 2000, it was estimated that 1.1 billion people lacked safe drinking water [
Diets influence water use. Increases in the consumption of meat in many parts of the world are requiring increases in water for raising the animals. An example of this is the Chinese, who have increased their meat consumption per capita from 20 to 50 kg/year over the 34 year period of 1985 to 2009. Raising the animals to feed this consumption requires 390 km3 of water/year. This incremental amount of fresh water use for a change in Chinese diet is nearly equal to the total use of fresh water by all of Europe [
Pumping fresh water from underground aquifers is occurring at alarming rates. The biggest user of water stored underground is agriculture. For example, in 2005 irrigation in the U.S. used 62% of all freshwater withdrawals [
Often resource needs conflict with one another. The Ogallala aquifer in the central U.S. is one of the largest in the world. It lies underneath 8 states and varies in thickness from 30 to 120 m [
In mentioning the crude oil expected to come from Canada to be refined in the southern U. S, it is instructive to look at the connections between energy and water. Harvesting the bitumen-rich sands in Alberta is the world's largest energy project. It is expected to add $1 trillion to Canada's GNP by 2020. The oil resources in the Alberta tar sands contain more oil than in Russia, Kuwait, and Norway, combined. Under the assumption that only 10% of it is ultimately tapped, it is still the largest oil reserve after Saudi Arabia. All this sounds very promising. But a challenge is that extracting the bitumen to yield 1 barrel of crude oil takes 3–4 barrels of fresh water [
Another example of the energy-water connection is related to the expectation that natural gas will serve as an energy source far into the future. The problem is that 90% of all natural gas wells in North America use hydraulic fracturing as the preferred method to crack open shale where the gas is trapped. The amount of water injected into each well amounts to 3–8 million gallons of fresh water [
As fracking adds chemicals to the water for extraction, there is also concern about the potential for widespread pollution of underground water sources, as well as pollutants released to air.
Many people hail desalination as the answer to supplying fresh water in the future. But that is not without its own set of challenges, namely, that it requires significant amounts of energy and it produces by-product brine that poses difficulties in its proper disposal.
One of the most significant challenges is climate change. In trying to understand climate change, it is important to understand variations in the Sun's and Earth's behaviors. Most energy received by the Earth ultimately is the result of radiant energy received from the Sun. This radiant energy has varied over its history from a somewhat lower luminosity when it was a young star to its luminosity at the present time. This change in luminosity, however, occurs on the scale of billions of years and it is not something that is an important factor in understanding Earth's climate on the scale of thousands or hundreds of years. Sunspot activity, on the other hand, has a much more frequent cycling period of about a decade, and certainly can affect the Earth's climate. We know, for example, that the last 50 years has had an overall decline in sunspot activity and that 2008 was a very low year [
The Earth's behavior plays a very active role in balancing the energy it receives with the energy it emits. The Milankovitch cycles describe variations in the Earth's distance from the Sun, and in the tilting and precession of its rotational axis, but these have relatively long periods of 20,000 to 100,000 years. Atmospheric gas composition is a very important factor because certain gases, such as CO2 and CH4, absorb infrared radiation from the Earth's surface and end up acting like a blanket in preventing this radiation from dispersing into space. The result, which was extremely fortunate for developing life on Earth, is that the climate is warmer than it would be had these gases been absent. Earth's reflectivity varies with the extent of ice and type of plant growth and is an important factor in climate. Also important, but episodic in nature, is the amount of dust in the atmosphere. Such dust, which has a global impact, is usually the result of a meteor impact or volcanic activity and it causes cooling due to its decreasing the amount of radiant energy being received by the Earth's surface.
One of the main ways to monitor temperature change on the Earth is to watch the behavior of ice at the Arctic ice cap, the Greenland ice field, Antarctica's ice fields and the world's glaciers. The evidence being collected is alarming. Arctic ice, for example, floats on water just below water's freezing point. Its average thickness has decreased from about 6 feet 50 years ago to 3 feet currently [
Another consequence of the Arctic potentially being ice free is that this might interfere with the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift. These major ocean currents are greatly influenced by thermohaline circulation [
Greenland has an ice field bigger than the area of Mexico. It is second in ice volume only to the ice on Antarctica. Its ice fields are receding in area each year. During one period in the summer of 2012 the complete surface of Greenland's ice field was liquid water [
Glaciers are another indicator of climate warming. The Athabasca glacier between Banff and Jasper, Alberta, is about 6 km long and is 90–300 m thick. It moves several cm per day. Its nose has receded 1.5 km and it has lost one-half of its total ice volume over the past 110 years [
Permafrost, another important frozen state of water, is also rapidly melting. For instance, in 1970 tundra travel could be carried out for more than 7 months each year. That has now been reduced to only 4 months per year [
The most watched greenhouse gas continues to be CO2. Prior to 1750 and the industrial revolution, CO2 concentrations in air varied narrowly around 275 ppm [
Predictions of future CO2 levels and the concomitant warming that will occur depend on future global economic activity and CO2 emission rates, as well as the timing for significant uses of non-carbon energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Such predictions are difficult to make and have uncertainties. Despite this, it has been widely accepted that a 2 °C rise in average global temperature is associated with a CO2 concentration of about 450 ppm. This level became a target by which strategies for controlling emissions could be formulated. Even with this seemingly small rise in global temperature, the negative effects on the environment and humans are predicted to be significant. These include a disruption in productivity of farms, forests and fisheries, a potential decrease in the resilience of plant and animal species that would cause some species extinctions and significant alterations in biodiversity, increased risks for coastal areas caused by sea level rise, increased erosion and flooding, increases in extreme weather events, particularly damaging storms and high localized rainfall, alterations in the spatial distribution of infectious diseases, increases in malnutrition and more stresses to drinking water supplies [
However, since only marginal actions have occurred on the world stage for controlling emissions to the amount needed not to exceed 450 ppm by 2030, a target of 450 ppm CO2 is in great danger of becoming obsolete. What is a meaningful new target? If a business-as-usual scenario is considered, taking into account expected changes in population and extending current demographic and economic trends, it is estimated that a doubling of pre-industrial CO2 levels (to 550 ppm) will occur by 2060 and would result in a 3 (±1) °C temperature rise [
We should not fool ourselves. Expecting to attain a target of 450 ppm CO2 is rapidly becoming a fantasy. Even a higher target of 550 ppm CO2 will be extremely difficult to achieve and will result in a world close to being roasted and unlike anything humans have experienced thus far. These predictions put into context just how dangerous and challenging our situation is.
If the scientific information about global climate change or any of the other societal threats is so compelling, and if the consequences that are certain to arise are so dire for the human condition, then why are humans unable or unwilling to take action? While certainly not an exhaustive list, there appear to be both psychological and societal reasons behind inaction [
On the societal side there are an enormous number of institutions and groups of powerful people who are heavily invested in propagating the current socio-economic model of continued growth. Governments of all sizes and types adhere to this paradigm and society in general embraces rules and personal behaviors that promote this as the best possible way for the world to function. Responses to societal threats would likely cause a serious readjustment of this world view. Furthermore, needed actions would cause deployment of massive financial attention to dealing with such threats. Neither of these results are favored by this paradigm. It is much easier and less worrisome to brush aside the threats and focus on continued economic growth.
There is, however, the question of whether the present cycle of growth can continue far into the future. Studies by Holling and his colleagues [
One of the more important aspects of Holling's work is panarchy theory, which views all living systems as having a nested combination of many adaptive cycles with varying periodicities. This means that while some parts of the system are nearing the end of growth, others may be able to build in overall resilience so that the inevitable collapse, when it occurs, may not be as deep or as calamitous as it would have been without the resilience in place. If global society is a panarchy of adaptive cycles with many economic and technological aspects operating in their late growth cycles, humans should anticipate that the system will collapse at some point. We need to be taking steps now to improve the resilience of our society so that we can best set the stage, when the current cycle of growth ends, for rapid creativity, reorganization and new growth.
Attending to the threats discussed above, as well as to other ecological and social concerns, requires an immense effort along multiple avenues. An agenda for action would certainly include some of the following:
There must be an international commitment very soon to stabilize CO2 in the atmosphere at 450–550 ppm. This would include a reduction of carbon emissions through international frameworks and funding strategies. Since fossil fuels as energy sources are likely to be used by humanity for a long time, there must be increased research on efficient capture and sequestration of CO2 from burning fossil fuels. Research should be increased on storage options for spent fission reactor fuels and on using fusion reactors. There should be increased attention on how to harvest energies present in ocean currents, in atmospheric winds, and in solar energy. Research on climate change and other planetary boundaries must be funded to better define where thresholds exist for irreversible ecological changes. This work would increase the understanding of mechanisms and kinetics of the world's natural CO2 sinks. It would also improve models for predicting the way human parameters adversely affect ecological systems. In the issue of fresh water, more research is needed on how to effectively interact with the global weather system to provide precipitation events where they are most needed. There must be an international plan to reduce population growth. This should include research on and implementation of the most effective approaches for educating people on family planning worldwide. There must be international actions to address the widening economic inequality across the world. As these inequalities are often the seeds of civil unrest, violence, and further ecological destruction, improving the lives of people in developing regions in areas of education, health, and social welfare is an alternative to solving these issues eventually by wasteful and destructive military means.
There must be an international commitment very soon to stabilize CO2 in the atmosphere at 450–550 ppm. This would include a reduction of carbon emissions through international frameworks and funding strategies. Since fossil fuels as energy sources are likely to be used by humanity for a long time, there must be increased research on efficient capture and sequestration of CO2 from burning fossil fuels. Research should be increased on storage options for spent fission reactor fuels and on using fusion reactors. There should be increased attention on how to harvest energies present in ocean currents, in atmospheric winds, and in solar energy.
Research on climate change and other planetary boundaries must be funded to better define where thresholds exist for irreversible ecological changes. This work would increase the understanding of mechanisms and kinetics of the world's natural CO2 sinks. It would also improve models for predicting the way human parameters adversely affect ecological systems. In the issue of fresh water, more research is needed on how to effectively interact with the global weather system to provide precipitation events where they are most needed.
There must be an international plan to reduce population growth. This should include research on and implementation of the most effective approaches for educating people on family planning worldwide.
There must be international actions to address the widening economic inequality across the world. As these inequalities are often the seeds of civil unrest, violence, and further ecological destruction, improving the lives of people in developing regions in areas of education, health, and social welfare is an alternative to solving these issues eventually by wasteful and destructive military means.
As can be seen by the repeated emphasis of international attention in this partial agenda, separate national or geographical policies and institutions are no longer able to cope effectively with the complexity and enmeshed issues of security and sustainable development for human society. However, it appears that the political leaders of the world are not inclined to act rapidly or meaningfully on this agenda, let alone on a more comprehensive list of challenges. The world needs another kind of leadership and passionate dedication on these issues. Another group of people, scientists from many disciplines, must step forward in large numbers to catalyze world action. Scientists cannot be silent waiting for leaders to come forward with appropriate strategies or for the international community to engage in prolonged debates about priorities. Scientists have been educated to honestly evaluate information and form it into reliable knowledge. While we must continue to apply this knowledge to create technical innovation in our fields of expertise, our obligations to society go much deeper. Our society needs its scientists to recognize the challenges society faces, to prioritize them, develop ideas and options for dealing with them, and to courageously articulate opinions and conclusions to others in plain language. Scientists can do this as individuals, but more importantly as groups using the professional and technical societies to which they belong. Lone individuals can be dismissed as mavericks, but a call to action by important and large scientific institutions would be far harder to dismiss. In doing this we would be using our talents to help define how all of us should behave in business and in our personal activities so that the people who come after us will have the best chance to enjoy the wonder of being alive.
The author declares no conflict of interest.


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Summer Fun Socks by Anne Hanson
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Summer Fun Socks
This pattern is available for $6.00 USD
buy it now or visit pattern website
buy it now or visit pattern website
A summery sock in five sizes with an openwork pattern that extends down the leg and over the top of the foot. Whether construed as a motif of golf tees or ice cream cones, this airy sock is perfect for summer when knit in a fine yarn. Easily converted to toe-up construction, the pattern reverses to reveal a motif of tiny Eiffel towers.
For more information, see: http://www.knitspot.com/knitting_pattern/summer-fun-...

subset: commoncrawl


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@PennLwt | Facebook
PHILADELPHIA - Senior Mark Gannon was selected as team captain of the 2012-13 University of Pennsylvania men's lightweight rowing team on Thursday, as announced by fourth-year head coach Nick Baker. Senior Alan Chan will take on the duties as the team's commodore for the upcoming season.
"I was really excited when the team elected both Mark and Alan," Baker said. "Mark served as commodore last year so he has some experience in leadership roles. As a rising senior, he has contributed quite a bit to our team thus far and I'm really excited about what he can do as captain."
Gannon has already spent the majority of the past two seasons in the varsity eight boat. The Conshohocken, Pa., native sat in the bow seat throughout his sophomore campaign. Then last season, he split between the two or three seat for the varsity eight, and at times, also owned the seven seat for the second varsity.
"I just want to be a good example to the younger guys on the team and the incoming freshmen," Gannon said. "My goal has always been to leave this team in a better position than when I came here. I'm just going to keep putting my best effort out there everyday."
The commodore has been following a similar path to Gannon. Following his rookie season in the freshman boat, Chan spent all of last season in the bow seat for the second varsity. As a sophomore, he was consistently in the second seat for the second varsity.
"This senior class is by far the hardest working class we've had since I've been here, and Mark and Alan are the two hardest working guys on the team," Baker added. "So I'm just excited to see how they transition that individual work ethic on to the team."
A complete fall schedule for Gannon, Chan and the 2012-13 Quakers will be announced later this month. The team will return to campus in the coming weeks.


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Decision makers
- Registered Voters of Georgia
Say "YES" to Public Charter Schools on November 6th
What will the November question say?
"Shall the Constitution of Georgia be amended to allow state or local approval of public charter schools upon the request of local communities?"
If such amendment shall be ratified as provided in said Paragraph of the Constitution, it shall become a part of the Constitution of this state.
We need you to not only say yes, but to send this link to everyone you know and encourage them to say "YES" too!
Visit "Families for Better Public Schools"
To learn more and to contribute as little as $5.00 to help children in Georgia have options in public K-12 schools, visit, http://bettergaschools.org/. If you like the message, then like them on Facebook!
VOTE "YES" NOVEMBER 6th
Our children's education should not be limited by their zip code!
Each child is different, and parents should be able to choose between a neighborhood, charter, magnet, theme or virtual school.
We as parents believe that our tax dollars should fund the schools our children attend by choice. Voting "YES" on November 6 is the first step to give parents a voice in education options in their own community.
The Charter Amendment will appear on the November 6, 2012 ballot. The measure gives the state the right to create public charter schools in addition to local boards of education.
Statewide alternative authorizers are commonplace around the United States, affording public charter schools the true autonomy with proper oversight (accountability) not afforded by most local boards of education.
Local school boards don't always approve good charters because they don't want the competition. Some school districts have lots of good performing schools. Others, however, do not, and the bad schools remain open year after year, failing the students, parents and taxpayers of the district. Charter schools are held accountable. If they do not meet the standards they commit to, their charter is not renewed. In the same way that an unsuccessful business eventually must close their doors, unsuccessful schools should not be allowed to remain open indefinitely.
- Registered Voters of Georgia
Georgians Want More Public School Options
I just signed the following petition addressed to: Registered Voters of Georgia
My Child....My Choice.....I pledge to vote YES on November 6, 2012
The ballot question reads, "Shall the Constitution of Georgia be amended to allow state or local approval of public charter schools upon the request of local communities?"
All persons desiring to vote in favor of ratifying the proposed amendment shall vote "Yes."
All persons desiring to vote against ratifying the proposed amendment shall vote "No."
If such amendment shall be ratified as provided in said Paragraph of the Constitution, it shall become a part of the Constitution of this state.
[Your name]
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Critics Reviews Audience Reviews
Sapthamashree Thaskaraha is an another great attempt by national award winner Anil Radhakrishnan and which makes you to sit through except for that brief period in the post intermission session. Another good movie from the director that deserves a must watch.
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Sustainability Report 2013/14
Financial Health
Our financial results tell a story of a company that is growing and improving its fiscal health. For the full year, our pre-tax operating profit of $8.6 billion (excluding special items) was among the best in our history and Automotive operating-related cash flow hit a record, since at least 2001. These full-year results reflect an Automotive sector operating profit that was the highest in more than a decade, with record profits in North America and Asia Pacific Africa since at least 2000, about break even results in South America, and a loss in Europe – but a lower loss than the prior year. Ford Credit was solidly profitable.
In 2014, we are continuing to invest to create innovative products such as the all-new F-150 to ensure Ford has the freshest and most attractive product line-up in the industry. At the same time, we are also investing to expand our portfolio into new markets, as well as adding capacity, where appropriate, to satisfy increasing demand. As a result, 2014 will be a solid year for the company and a critical next step forward in implementing our One Ford plan to continue delivering profitable growth for all.
Meanwhile, our global product process is saving us money while enabling faster development of new vehicles and more efficient delivery of new technologies in our core markets. Significant progress has been made and continues on our commitment to consolidate platforms. In 2007, we utilized 27 different vehicle platforms. We now have 15 total platforms and are on track to meet our target of nine global core platforms. We are able to reinvest the savings of this platform consolidation back into product development, introducing more products at a faster product cadence – and better profitability.
For the fourth straight year, Ford was the best-selling brand in America. According to R. L. Polk data, the Focus was the No. 1 selling vehicle nameplate in the world in 2013, thanks to its continued strength in Europe and a rapidly expanding Asian market. And, we continued to sell the world's top-selling pickup truck – the F-Series, which has seen significant improvements in fuel efficiency. In early 2014, we unveiled the re-invented 2015 F-150 pickup with a high-strength steel frame and aluminum-alloy body.
Today, we are equally known for our competitive products in all segments of the market, including small and midsize cars as well as sport utility vehicles and our top-selling pickup trucks. For each of our new or significantly refreshed vehicles, we continue to offer a powertrain with leading fuel economy. And, we're offering customers choices of the fuel-efficient systems that work best for them – from EcoBoost®-powered gasoline vehicles to hybrids to electrified vehicles. More than 90 percent of Ford's North American lineup is available with an EcoBoost® engine.
After receiving investment grade ratings from Moody's and Fitch in 2012, we received our Ford Blue Oval back. It had been put up as collateral in 2006 to secure an $18.5 billion credit agreement.
Four of the major credit rating agencies, including Standard & Poor's, now rate us as investment grade.
In another sign of our financial progress, and consistent with our plan to provide regular growing dividends that are sustainable over an economic or business cycle, we doubled our quarterly stock dividend in 2013 and announced an additional 25 percent increase in early 2014. We had reinstated the dividend in 2012 after suspending it in 2006. The dividend is an important component of our vision of profitable growth for all – customers, employees, dealers, suppliers, investors and communities.
Also as a result of our strong financial performance, in the U.S. we paid record profit-sharing payments to about 47,000 eligible U.S. hourly employees. Profit-sharing payments were approximately $8,800 per eligible employee on a full-year basis. Individual profit-sharing payments, which were made on March 13, 2014, were higher or lower based on employee-compensated hours.
In addition, in 2013, we made $5 billion in cash contributions to our worldwide funded pension plans, up $1.6 billion compared with 2012. For 2014, cash contributions to funded plans are expected to be $1.5 billion globally. This is $3.5 billion lower than in 2013, reflecting Ford's improved funded status.
Worldwide at year-end 2013, our pension plans were underfunded by $9 billion, about $6 billion of which is associated with our unfunded plans. In total, this represents an improvement of nearly $10 billion compared with the status at year-end 2012, driven primarily by higher discount rates and cash contributions.
In the U.S., our market share was up 0.5 percentage points to 15.7 percent of the industry. Our strong U.S. vehicle sales in 2013 reflected our balanced portfolio of fuel-efficient vehicles, as our passenger cars, utilities and trucks each reported gains. Cars were up 10 percent, utilities were up 9 percent and trucks expanded 13 percent. Retail sales across the country were up 14 percent, with strongest growth on the West Coast.
Market share increased slightly in South America – from 9.0 percent in 2012 to 9.3 percent in 2013 – and retail market share in Europe increased from 7.2 percent in 2012 to 8.2 percent in 2013 (based on the five major markets). For the year, Ford was the second best-selling car brand in the traditional 19 markets we tracked in Europe for the sixth consecutive year. And in Asia Pacific Africa, market share went up from 2.8 percent in 2012 to 3.5 percent in 2013 driven by growth in China.
To support our growth and manufacturing expansion, we are hiring in North America and Asia Pacific.
In North America, we created approximately 14,000 jobs during 2012 and 2013 alone as part of our largest hiring initiative since the beginning of the new millennium. In 2013, we hired nearly 3,000 salaried employees in the U.S. – most of them technical professionals to work in product development, manufacturing, quality and information technology. We expect to hire about 6,000 employees in Asia Pacific in 2014, the vast majority of them hourly employees.
As we expand our product lineup of fuel-efficient vehicles, we need more people in critical areas, such as engineering, vehicle production, computer software and other information technology functions. To attract new team members, we are expanding our use of social media to reach new, technology-savvy workers, and we're stepping up our efforts to reach military veterans. See the People section for more on employment at Ford.
Globally, we're continuing to add new jobs in Asia Pacific. However, in Europe we had to make the difficult decision to close three plants, affecting approximately 13 percent of our European work force (excluding Russia).
A critical component of our recent business strategy has been our focus on realigning production with demand. This has meant retooling some facilities as flexible manufacturing sites, allowing for multiple types of products to be built on the same line. In some cases, this has also meant retooling facilities that previously built large trucks and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) to instead manufacture smaller and/or more energy-efficient vehicles. To these ends, and in conjunction with our 2011 bargaining agreement with the UAW1, we estimate we will invest $6.2 billion in U.S. plants by 2015.
For example, we invested $550 million to overhaul our Michigan Assembly Plant, which formerly built two full-size SUVs. Today, it is the only manufacturing site in the world to build vehicles with five different fuel-efficient powertrains on the same line. The plant is setting a new global standard for flexible manufacturing. More than 80 percent of the tooling in the plant's body shop can be programmed to produce a variety of body styles, allowing us to quickly adjust the mix between models as customer preferences change.
We are rapidly expanding our advanced manufacturing capabilities and boosting global production to meet consumer demand. By 2017, we will increase our global flexible manufacturing to produce, on average, four different models at each plant around the world, allowing for greater adaptability based on varying customer demand. Also in 2017, virtually all Ford vehicles will be built off nine global core platforms, boosting manufacturing efficiency while giving customers the features, fuel efficiency and technology they want.
The benefits of our platform strategy are more products, faster product introductions, and better profitability. Optimizing platform count lets us increase volume per platform, improve our engineering efficiencies, and gain efficiencies of scale for ourselves and for our suppliers.
Other recent plant investments in the U.S. include the following:
We're committed to growth in other parts of the world, too. To meet increasing demand in the Asia Pacific region, for example, we are building six new plants – four in China and two in India.
© 2014 Ford Motor Company


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Anthony Foxx
Yesterday was a terrible day for our community. Our colleagues at the Navy Yard experienced an incomprehensible act of violence that resulted in loss of life and disruption of everyday life for so many.
Our hearts go out to the families of those who died in this senseless tragedy and the victims who are recuperating from their injuries. Our thoughts and prayers are also with the many people traumatized by this long and frightening ordeal.
We are very appreciative of the bravery shown by the many first responders, who acted so selflessly to protect the people who live and work in the area. Our thanks cannot meet the measure of their courage and willingness to sacrifice for the safety of others.
We are further grateful for the help provided by DOT employees yesterday to our Navy Yard colleagues.
I'm also very grateful that no one at DOT Headquarters was hurt, and I'm proud of the professionalism that everyone at DOT showed by remaining calm and patient throughout the day.
We at DOT share with our Navy Yard colleagues a commitment to public service. Today, we will do our best to return to that commitment.
Source: http://www.dot.gov/fastlane/our-hearts-go-out-our-navy-yard-neighbors


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Examining Location Sharing as an Interactive Practice
|Event Date:
|April 17, 2014
|Sameer Patil
|Speaker Affiliation:
|Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT)
|Prospective ECE faculty member
|10:30am, Reception 11:30am
Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), like social media, smartphones, tablets, and high speed cellular networks, have enabled people to communicate, interact, and collaborate with professional and social contacts across the globe. At the same time, ICT users continue to struggle with reconciling interaction needs with privacy desires. In particular, the ever-expanding size of social and professional networks has made it increasingly cumbersome for individuals to configure privacy settings. We used Location Sharing Systems (LSS) as a vehicle to unpack these issues.
Rapid growth in the usage of location-aware mobile phones has enabled mainstream adoption of LSS. Integration with social network services like Facebook has further accelerated this trend. However, sharing location information presents an inherent tension with managing privacy. I will present two studies exploring preferences and behaviors of LSS users. In an initial study (N = 362), we found that the main motivations for location sharing were to connect with one's social circle, to project an interesting image of oneself, and to receive rewards offered for "checking in." Respondents overwhelmingly preferred sharing location only upon explicit action. More than a quarter of the respondents recalled at least one instance of regret over having shared location. We noted that privacy considerations in contemporary LSS are affected by transformation of location sharing into an interactive practice that is no longer limited only to finding people based on their whereabouts. We then built a location sharing infrastructure called Locasa with a corresponding Android app designed to conduct experience sampling studies of location sharing preferences and practices. Our initial study (N = 35) examined various contextual factors that contribute to discrepancies between a person's pre-specified privacy settings and in situ desires. We found that immediate feedback without the ability to control disclosure outcome evoked feelings of "oversharing." Moreover, deviation from specified privacy settings did not always signal a privacy violation; it was just as likely that privacy settings prevented information disclosure that was considered permissible in situ. The study findings further motivate selective control when sharing with socially distant recipients and visiting atypical locations. Based on our results, I will offer some design explorations for enhanced privacy management in LSS.
Sameer Patil is a research scientist at the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT) in Finland. His research interests lie in the domain of usable privacy and security. He is interested in designing and building consumer and enterprise solutions that empower and educate end users to manage privacy and security effectively. Previously, Sameer was a postdoctoral research fellow in the School of Informatics and Computing at Indiana University, Bloomington, supported by the Institute for Infrastructure Protection (I3P). Sameer obtained a Ph.D. in Computer and Information Science from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) with a specialization in Interactive and Collaborative Technologies. He also holds MSE in Computer Science & Engineering and MSI in Human Computer Interaction from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a Bachelor's degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Bombay, India. At UCI, Sameer was part of the Institute for Software Research (ISR) and the Consortium for Research on Information Technology in Organizations (CRITO). His extensive international experience includes visiting appointments at universities in Germany, Austria, and Sweden. He has been a research intern at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in NY and Avaya Labs Research in NJ. His research has been published in top-tier HCI journals and conferences, including CHI, CSCW, and SOUPS.


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On This Earth Day 2014, A Simple Way We Can All Help Our Planet
Today is Earth Day 2014. As we think of ways to help take care of our planet, here's a simple idea that's really easy to do every single day of they year.
Using energy efficient appliances, recycling products and washing clothes in cold water are all good ways to help the environment. Add this one to the list. Don't litter. I'll admit, littering is a pet peeve of mine. Why do people do it, especially when there are garbage cans readily available?
What happens when you throw bottles out your car window? They don't magically disappear. They stay there on the side of the road. Littering happens everywhere. Next time you're walking or driving, take a look at your surroundings and you'll probably see bottles, paper, cans, cigarette butts and other bits of trash. Instead of throwing it on the ground, throw it in a garbage can.
It's easy to do, doesn't cost any money and what a difference it would make if more people would do it.


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"Zoinks! Scooby, where are the devs?!"
"You devs won't be able to stop me. I'm taking down AudioJungle and it all begins with the Free File of the Month!"
"There's a free Scooby Snack for the first dev that finds the problem!"
DamianN said
Damian, that's hilarious! I know Tim has a good sense of humor so I think he will like it too. If there was a "Made a Staff Member Laugh" badge, I'd award you one right now, very funny.
Lol !
That's made my day, cheers guys.
scottwills said
If there was a "Made a Staff Member Laugh" badge, I'd award you one right now, very funny.
No, thanks, Scooby Snack is enough
Did anyone notice that the Free File magically appeared after Damian and Scooby Doo and the gang uncovered the mystery? Anyway, just wanted to update everyone to say that the Free File is now available. Congrats, musicant!
and he would have gotten away with it too, if it hadn't been for those meddling kids!
Sorry i couldn't resist


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USC sponsors create I-T Computer Camp
Twenty Midlands high-school students will be selected to compete to build and take home their own laptop computer at the Create I-T Computer Camp, to be held on four Saturdays: Jan. 15 and Feb. 12, 19, and 26.
Offered by the University of South Carolina and the Consortium for Enterprise Systems Management, the camp is available to freshmen, sophomores and juniors at Midlands high schools. In addition to the computer building, the camp will provide learning opportunities about exciting careers in information technology.
Applications for the camp must be postmarked by Dec. 10. For instructions on how to apply, visit www.HRSM.sc.edu. The application must include academic information and a written essay.
Students and faculty from the university, along with IT-industry representatives, will lead activities surrounding the wide range of career options available and the necessary skill sets needed to succeed.
The goal of the camp is to encourage high-achieving South Carolina high-school students to pursue an interest in careers in information technology.
For more information, contact Collin Crick at 803-777-6608.


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Forums: Index > The Wizengamot > Quidditch teams with robes mess
Apparently, something involving our Template:Quidditch Team infobox is causing a huge mess involving a whole bunch of unnecessary [[:Category:Quidditch teams with robes]]. And now somebody has started creating category pages for all of these. I don't know much about the infoboxes, so I don't know how to stop this, but this is one hot mess. We need to be rid of these categories. ProfessorTofty (talk) 01:29, March 16, 2013 (UTC)


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You do not have access to this content.
Understanding the size and diversity of U.S. natural gas reserves is a fundamental underpinning for evaluating U.S. production capability and thus the natural gas industry's ability to serve customers of all types. Extraordinary positive trends in U.S. natural gas production and proved reserves growth have existed in the United States for the past decade with the development of the shale gas revolution.
Awareness of the energy economy has steadily grown beyond the purview of business and public policy. Economic and environmental concerns have become increasingly important drivers of consumer decisions about energy. With this has come heightened attention to the potential for energy efficiency to moderate consumer cost increases, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy security. For natural gas utilities, investing in energy efficiency programs presents an opportunity to achieve these objectives and benefit the communities they serve.


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Crude oil ended higher, recovering from a steep plunge in the previous session, but gains were only modest as trepidation over Europe's economy and looming negotiations over the US "fiscal cliff" weighed on the market.
Crude oil's rebound came after Brent futures dropped nearly 4 per cent and US crude slumped almost 5 per cent on Wednesday as problems facing European and US economies applied pressure, along with data showing rising oil stockpiles in the United States.
Traders said crude oil and gold got late-day pushes from possible geopolitical tensions coming out of the Middle East after the Pentagon said Iran attempted to strike an unmanned US drone over the Arabian Gulf last week.
Wall Street eased lower despite the release of positive economic data, as investors prepare for heated negotiations in Washington to avoid the "fiscal cliff" in January.
"The fears about Europe's economy remain and we still are worrying about the 'fiscal cliff' facing the United States," said Phil Flynn, analyst at Price Futures Group.
After President Barack Obama won a second term on Tuesday, anticipation is high that Democrats and Republicans will move quickly to avert the $US600 billion package of automatic spending cuts and tax increases that could crush the US economic recovery.
Weakness in the US economy at a time China is struggling to improve its growth rate and Europe is grappling with its debt crisis would diminish the global economic recovery even further.
Stock indexes posted their largest drops in months on Wednesday.
Flynn also said a snowstorm that slammed the US Northeast overnight could compound the expected hit to demand for oil in the United States after Hurricane Sandy last week.
Brent December crude rose 43 US cents to close at $US107.25 a barrel, having swung from $US106.12 to $US108.17.
US December crude closed 65 US cents higher at $US85.09 a barrel, after trading between $US84.22 and $US85.70.
US RBOB gasoline ended higher and heating oil slightly lower after a volatile day of trading buffeted by the gyrations of crude futures.
Crude oil inventories rose 1.77 million barrels last week, the US Energy Information Administration's (EIA) weekly report on Wednesday showed, in line with expectations in a Reuters survey of analysts.
Gasoline and total distillate stocks also increased, against expectations supply would be down.


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11 Sexy Pics From "Des Hommes et des Chatons," The Best Thing I've Ever Seen
Cute Kittens + Hot Dudes = pretty much my favorite math equation ever. The geniuses behind "Des Hommes et des Chatons" recognize the inherent desirability of the two categories both independently and together, and have come up with a mashup site of cats acting like hot dudes, or hot dudes acting like cats. It's tough to figure out which one came first. In any case, we've selected a few of our faves in the gallery above! Drool/squee away! [Des Hommes et des Chatons]


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Moroccan Haroseth Marinade
Use this marinade to make Craigie on Main chef Tony Maw's Moroccan Haroseth-Braised Lamb Shanks.
- Yield: Makes enough for 4 lamb shanks
Source: The Martha Stewart Show, Episode 5102
- 1 teaspoon cumin seeds
- 1 teaspoon fennel seeds
- 1 teaspoon crushed red-pepper flakes
- 1 teaspoon coriander seeds
- 1 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 cup white wine
- Peel from 1 orange
- 1 teaspoon coarse salt
- 8 sprigs fresh thyme
- 8 sprigs fresh flat-leaf parsley
- 8 sprigs fresh cilantro
- 6 cloves garlic, crushed
- 1 (2-inch) piece fresh ginger, sliced crosswise and crushed
In a small skillet, lightly toast cumin seeds, fennel seeds, chile flakes, and coriander seeds over low heat until fragrant. Transfer to large shallow baking dish and add olive oil, wine, orange peel, salt, thyme, parsley, cilantro, garlic, and ginger; stir to combine.


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3 Min Read
* EU drugs agency maintains view Glybera not approvable
* CEO says "surprised", will continue to pursue gene therapy
* AMT shares plunge 55 percent (Adds company comment, latest shares, background)
By Ben Hirschler and Aaron Gray-Block
LONDON/AMSTERDAM, Oct 21 (Reuters) - Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics' novel gene therapy drug Glybera has again been rejected by European regulators, underscoring the difficulty of getting gene-based treatments to market.
Shares in the Dutch biotech company plunged 55 percent on the news on Friday.
Glybera is designed for patients with a rare genetic disorder called lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD), whom AMT Chief Executive Jorn Aldag said would now be left without a viable treatment.
"The decision from the CHMP is disappointing particularly because a treatment will now not be available to European patients who suffer from LPLD for whom Glybera is the only therapeutic option," he said.
LPLD can cause acute pancreatitis, diabetes and death.
The London-based European Medicines Agency, which first rebuffed Glybera in June, reiterated its view that the drug was not approvable because there was insufficient evidence that its benefits outweighed its potential risks.
The decision, however, was a close call. The agency's Committee for Advanced Therapies had expressed a view that Glybera could be approved, subject to further post-marketing studies. But the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, which has the final say, disagreed.
"There is strong endorsement for our technology platform and for Glybera to be approved under exceptional circumstances, but it has not happened. I am just surprised," Aldag told Reuters.
"This company stands out and has a validated programme and therefore we will continue to develop gene therapy," he said, adding there was interest from pharma companies for AMT's hemophilia programme.
Aldag said AMT has funding to last into the first quarter of next year, but the company has a strong shareholder base and investors are willing to look at funding options.
AMT will provide an update on its gene therapy pipeline on Oct. 25.
"I think for people who understand gene therapy, it is evident there is tremendous value here," Aldag said.
More than 20 years after the first experiments with the ground-breaking technology of fixing faulty genes, scientists and drug companies are still struggling to apply gene therapy in everyday medicine.
Last year, Britain's Ark Therapeutics pulled its bid to sell brain cancer drug Cerepro in Europe following a series of setbacks. Cerepro was the first gene-based medicine to be considered for European approval. (Editing by David Cowell)


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Get all 76 The Centipede Farm releases available on Bandcamp and save 25%.
Includes unlimited streaming via the free Bandcamp app, plus high-quality downloads of Minimally Conscious State, Similar Thoughts, The Big Drum In The Sky Religion Will Rearrange Your Faith, Muffy, Nice Collection (2008-2016), Chertamy I Ryazamy, PKWST/Cancer Lake, Electricity/Ryan David Stevens/Deer Surround Our Home/null.sys, and 68 more. , and , .
My Ordinary Life 29:17
The Centipede Farm Des Moines, Iowa
Chuck's label and musical/noisical doings
Streaming and Download help


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Software Map
Tag cloud | Project Tree | Project List
Project tree
Now limiting view to projects in the following categories:
Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux [Remove This Filter]
Programming Language :: C/C++ [Remove This Filter]
Environment :: Console (Text Based) [Remove This Filter]
Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows [Remove This Filter]
Topic :: Optimization :: Mathematical Programming :: Second Order Cone Programming [Remove This Filter]
Programming Language > C/C\+\+
Browse By:
1 project in result set.
|0. The R to MOSEK Optimization Interface - Solves large-scale optimization problems using MOSEK.
- mixed-integer linear
- mixed-integer quadratic
- mixed-integer second order cone
- semidefinite
- separable convex
Visit http://rmosek.r-forge.r-project.org/ for more.
|Activity Percentile: 0.00
Activity Ranking: 0.00
Registered: 2011-08-16 09:07


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Moodle Officially Adopted (continued)
Datatel Structured Query Language (SQL) Migration
Datatel's User Interface Upgrade - UI 4.3.2
Clickers Remain a Popular Classroom Technology
Technology Enabled Classroom Update
Off-Campus Access
Avoid Phishing Scams
Password Change Process
Faculty and Staff - User Services/Help Desk
Students - Residential Networking Services
Connecting to E-mail on Your Smartphone
iPad Loaner Program for Faculty
Spatial Thinking at the
University of Redlands
Sustainability Efforts Continue with the Student Print Quota
Office Upgrade Planned for 2012-2013
Windows 7 Keyboard Shortcuts
ITS Staff Update
AT&T Discount
MOX - Mobile Access for University of Redlands
Web-based Tools for the Classroom
In Information Technology Services (ITS), we are keenly aware that technology is always changing and evolving. The many projects completed by ITS in this past year are evident of this.
A few highlights include:
Much of our work occurs behind-the-scenes. We have already begun working on the planned projects for this year, which include a wireless upgrade for academic and administrative buildings, the deployment of refreshment computers, and a campus upgrade to the latest version of Microsoft Office for both PC and Mac users. We thank you in advance for your continued support as we work to improve both the services we provide and the technology infrastructure we support.
This annual fall newsletter is just one way that we share information about the various services we offer and how different technologies are being used at University of Redlands. If you have suggestions and/or recommendations, please do not hesitate to contact me at extension 8303 or by e-mail at email@example.com.
- Hamid Etesamnia
It is official, University of Redlands has adopted Moodle as its learning management system (LMS). Moodle stands for Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment. Moodle is the leading open-source LMS. The concept behind an open source application is that there is no license fee to use it. In addition, the growth and support for such an application comes from the community of users who have adopted it.
University of Redlands is not alone in its adoption of Moodle. Moodle is now being used at many academic institutions across the country. From the feedback heard thus far on our own campus, faculty have found Moodle easy to use and they like the variety of options for fostering active learning and student collaboration (from comments gathered after training sessions were held). We began exploring the use of Moodle in January 2011 when five faculty members elected to use this LMS for their courses that semester. The pilot project continued through spring 2012 with many more faculty members making the switch to Moodle.
Continued on the following page.


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Skip Navigation Links
Circular 1293
|About USGS / Science Topics / Maps, Products & Publications / Education / FAQ
This report is written for the scientifically literate reader but is not limited to those who are involved in ground-water science. The report is intended to encourage U.S. Geological Survey scientists to develop a sense of excitement about ground-water science in the agency, to inform scientists about existing and potential ground-water science opportunities, and to engage scientists and managers in interdisciplinary discussions and collaboration. The report is intended for use by U.S. Geological Survey and Department of the Interior management to formulate long-term ground-water science programs and to continue sustained support of ground-water monitoring and research, some of which may not have an immediate impact. Finally, the report can be used to communicate the U.S. Geological Survey's vision of ground-water science to Congress, partners, other agencies, and the research community at large with the goals of enhancing collaborative opportunities, sharing information, and maintaining dialogue regarding the directions of U.S. Geological Survey ground-water science.
Report as HTML
Table of Contents
Ground-Water Research Opportunities
Mapping in Three Dimensions—Geology and Geophysics
Current State
Research Opportunities
Characterizing Aquifer Heterogeneity
Current State
Research Opportunities
Measuring Recharge to Ground-Water Flow Systems
Current State
Research Opportunities
Quantifying Ground-Water and Surface-Water Interaction
Current State
Research Opportunities
Understanding the Relation of Ground-Water Flow Systems to Aquatic Ecosystems
Current State
Research Opportunities
Developing More Effective Computer Models
Current State
Research Opportunities
References Cited
Suggested Citation:
Sanford, W.E., Caine, J.S., Wilcox, D.A., McWreath, H.C., and Nicholas, J.R., 2006, Research opportunities in interdisciplinary ground-water science in the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1293, 21 p.
|For viewing and printing.
|AccessibilityFOIAPrivacyPolicies and Notices
|U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Persistent URL:
Page Contact Information: Contact USGS
Last modified: Wednesday, November 23 2016, 12:26:42 PM


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2005.14: Codes for spread spectrum applications generated using chaotic dynamical systems
2005.14: D. S. Broomhead, J. P. Huke and M. R. Muldoon (1999) Codes for spread spectrum applications generated using chaotic dynamical systems. Dynamics and Stability of Systems, 14 (1). pp. 95-105. ISSN 0268-1110
Full text available as:
|PDF - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
306 Kb
An approach to finding codes for use in direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems is described. It is based upon an analogy between codes having auto- and cross-correlation properties desirable for spread spectrum systems, and certain dynamical systems encountered in ergodic theory called systems with Lebesgue spectrum. Such systems are associated with collections of orthogonal functions and these functions can be used to generate collections of time series with zero cross-correlation functions. To generate codewords we must use truncated versions of these time series, for which the cross-correlations are no longer precisely zero: these truncated sequences correspond to periodic orbits of the dynamical system. The method for finding a code from a suitable periodic orbit is described, and an example, using a simple dynamical system known as the doubling map, is worked through in some detail.
|Item Type:
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Chaos, ergodic theory, spread-spectrum communications
|MSC 2000 > 37 Dynamical systems and ergodic theory
MSC 2000 > 94 Information and communication, circuits
|MIMS number:
|Deposited By:
|Dr Mark Muldoon
|Deposited On:
|15 November 2005
Download Statistics: last 4 weeks
Repository Staff Only: edit this item


text:
The most read magazine in the UAE. Lively, intelligent and thought-provoking.
Focused reports on events, business and lifestyle. In depth, insightful, influential.
An inspiring home interiors magazine showcasing the best interior design.
The No. 1 source for entertainment, lifestyle & fashion in the UAE.
In-depth look at issues behind the news, with sections on people, books and art.
A weekly motoring magazine packed with the latest local and global motoring news, reviews and views.
Gadget soup for the techy soul. News and reviews with our own irreverent spin
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Digital version of today's newspaper, exactly as it is in print.
The fast and light-weight mobile version of GulfNews.com.
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Have something you want to tell us, a question, or complaint?
Some UAE residents are aligning their pets' diets with their own, but is ditching meat good for cats and dogs?
An exhaustive spread awaits visitors planning to break their fast at Loumi
From healthier food to indie brands, lifestyle trends have changed consumer patterns in Ramadan
India clarifies income tax rule for NRIs
6 places in the world you cannot enter
Hunt on for men who robbed Sharjah bank
This Dubai school is in world's top 10
Man had friends rape partner: India police
Video shows man jumping in front of bus
Will road works happen on Al Ittihad Road?
Man arrested after India building collapse
Man caught with Dh3m smuggled goods


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Vincent Rey: It adds some responsibility to me for sure. But it's also adding responsibility to my teammates and the linebackers in general. We know that the coaches and our teammates expect a lot out of us this year. It's why we are always working.
Clearly, the loss of a guy like Mike Tauiliili - and his production - is something that has to be overcome. How will the linebackers cover that?
You never replace a guy like that. You just can't do it. What you do is have a bunch of guys step up and accept the challenge of doing things as well as they can as a group. Coach Collins is constantly talking about the five keys for success at this level, and we believe in what he's telling us. And we believe that we can pick up where Mike left off.
What are the five keys?
Stance, alignment, footwork, vision, and communication. We hear that every day. If you can do all those things really well, you will be a successful football player. We work on that every practice and we want to get better at it. Being able to succeed in those areas gets us more versatile and more dynamic as individuals and players.
Speaking of versatility, you've played in the middle and on the outside. I assume you are going to be back at middle linebacker this year, correct?
I'm going to play wherever the team needs me. We have a bunch of guys in this group who are athletic and who can play all over the place. Guys like Abraham Kromah and Damian Thornton can play everywhere. Adam Banks can play multiple positions. That's the kind of thing we need. It's what Coach Collins likes to instill in us. Every one of us needs to be able to play the SAM, WILL, and MIKE positions at the drop of a hat.
It seems like a lot to be able to learn and process all at once. Especially for the new players. How do the freshmen look?
They are doing OK. They are learning that this is a different level, and we try to keep them excited. They have been flying around and they have brought good energy and attitudes to the program.
On the topic of the program, you're now in a position to see things completed in terms of the turnaround efforts. Does that topic ever come up when the coaching staff is speaking to the upperclassmen?
Not really. Coach is talking about building a program and being successful. To do that you can't say something like 'we want to win a certain number of games' each year. You have to compete every time you step on the field and you have to try to win every time. If we can do that this year, then when we look back on the season I think we'll have been successful.
What do you need to do to be a leader on this team?
I need to bring everything I have every day. I need to be passionate for what we are doing on and off the field. Coach says all the time that we need guys willing to run to the ball every snap and looking to make a play on every chance.
As a middle linebacker I'm big into trying to stop the run. I have to be sort of a tough guy out there. I'm trying every day to be able to handle that and to set the tone for my teammates.
From other interviews, it sounds like this off season was particularly demanding. How was it different from others you've been a part of?
Well, going into it we knew it was going to be hard. We had done it before. Just when we thought we could get comfortable, things would change and we'd be pushed harder. We had to prepare for the workouts and the film study daily. Nothing gets you more prepared than doing the work.
Being on the defense and having a good view of your counterparts on offense, which players do you see having a big season for that side of the ball?
The offensive line has a couple players. Brian Moore and Jarrett Holt are both really playing well so far and I think they will be ready to help out a lot this season. Another guy who has been really good is Brandon Harper. He's so strong and he's really doing well on the line.
Between now and kickoff against Richmond, what needs to improve?
We all need to improve. It's why we go to practice each day. Defensively we need to understand the defense better than we already do, and we need to put ourselves in positions to be successful. If we can do that, and stick with the five keys Coach Collins has taught us, we'll be in position to make plays this year and that'll help us win games.
What's the biggest difference you've noticed in the last two seasons with regards to Duke Football?
We've all gotten better. When Coach speaks to us we all take it an apply it to our lives on and off the field. We're all working very hard all year round to get better on a play by play and then day by day basis.


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Central Utah Public Health Department - Fillmore
Organization Name: Central Utah Public Health Department
Address: 40 North 400 West
Fillmore, UT 84631
Fillmore, UT 84631
Phone: 435-743-5723
Service Categories:
Eligibility: None; Utah ID and SS# required for specific programs (WIC, etc.) Low income, uninsured and underinsured, sliding scale.
Wheelchair Accessible: Completely
Services Provided: Provides services that promote the achievement and maintenance of optimal health for all people in the community.
|Original Source:
|United Way 2-1-1
|Last Updated:


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This brand new, four-story residence hall opened its doors in the fall of 2009, and it's been one of the most popular halls ever since. New Hall features furnished suite-style rooms with private bedrooms, living rooms and kitchen areas with full-size refrigerators. Each suite includes four bedrooms and two bathrooms. Common study rooms and kitchen areas with ovens are also available on each floor, and the community game room is popular among residents. With a diverse population of students from every class, this is the full UM residence hall experience.
Bedroom dimensions are approximately 8 ½' by 12 ½' including closet space of 2' by 4'.


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Results: K-1 MAX FINALS 07 - SPOILER!!
Quarter Finals
Masato (Japan) vs. Buakaw Por Pramuk (Thailand)
Winner: Masato by decision
Mike Zambidis (Grekland) vs. Artur Kyshenko (Ukraina)
Winner: Artur Kyshenko by decision (x-tra round)
Albert Kraus (Holland) vs. Yoshihiro Sato (Japan)
Winner: Albert Kraus by decision
Andy Souwer (Holland) vs. Drago (Armenien)
Winner: Andy Souwer by KO, round 2
Semi Finals
Masato (Japan) vs. Artur Kyshenko (Ukraina)
Winner: Masato by KO, round 2
Albert Kraus (Holland) vs. Andy Souwer (Holland)
Winner: Andy Souwer by decision
Tournament Final
Masato (Japan) vs Andy Souwer (Holland)
Winner: Andy Souwer by TKO (Masato couldn´t continue after round 2).
Information from Fightermag.se
CommentsPost new comment
But my 2nd favorite win, so ... :D
What happend in the Buakaw - Masato fight? was it a clear win for Masato?
On the official k1 web site is written "The tournament begin at 6:00PM", but in wich Time zone ?
i was really looking forward to a rematch between souwer and buakaw... anyway, i guess Andy did well to win this!!!
gratz to masato, he did a perfect job...he studied buakaw, and he knew uppercuts are the best way to beat him...he always put his head down and his left arm forward...like most thai fighters.
although, buakaw was beating him the first 2 rounds...masato had a few punches, but buakaw was better...except of the "knockdown" which obviously wasnt a real one...more a slip, the cross just pushed buakaw so he fell...
NOTICE: buakaw wasnt using his left leg! he threw one bad left highkick trough the whole fight...??? injury???
Kim"If you can dream it - you can do it!"
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Related informationK-1 World MAX, World Championship Final
K-1 World Max 2007 Championship Final - Fight report
Post-fight interview from K-1 Max Final 2007
Sweet 'n Souwer K-1 World Max Final
Full results ( all fights) K-1 MAX Final 07
World Max Final Press Conference
Official K-1 MAX final line-up
Behind the scenes of K-1 Max 2007 finals
K-1 World MAX 2007 Battle Scramble
Virgil Kalakoda vs. Takayuki Kohiruimaki
Yoshihiro Sato vs. Albert Kraus
Masato vs Andy Souwer - K-1 MAX 2007 Final
Mike Zambidis vs. Artur Kyshenko
Forum threads
K1 MAX Final confirmed match ups


text: This event had two classes (50-62 and 100-120cc) and planes had to be a replica of a full-scale aerobatic aircraft. With smoke on and against the clock, the planes had to fly through the course and around the pylons while executing aerobatic maneuvers. Miss a gate or maneuver and you lose points! What an adrenaline rush!


text:
Sr. Rose Pacatte, a member of the Daughters of St. Paul, is the Director of the Pauline Center for Media Studies in Los Angeles.
Sr. Rose Pacatte
News Articles
Articles by Sr. Rose Pacatte
The tale of a reluctant popeApr. 5, 2012 People
From wheat to war -- a life for the poorDec. 16, 2011 People
On 'The Way' with Martin SheenOct. 7, 2011 Spirituality
'Machine Gun Preacher': What would Jesus do?Sep. 23, 2011 Justice
Warrior: In the 'zone' as a transcendent experienceSep. 13, 2011 People
Sports films and faithAug. 12, 2011 People
Documentary exposes America's big dirty secretJun. 10, 2011 Justice
A cinematic gourmet feastMar. 16, 2011
Academy Awards 2011: A banner year for men?Feb. 25, 2011
By way of the heartDec. 20, 2010
Seeds of the Gospel in cinemaOct. 27, 2010 Spirituality
Sharp satire illuminates farmersí plightSep. 17, 2010 World
Eat. Pray. Love. Alas.Aug. 20, 2010 Spirituality
The Twilight SagaJul. 28, 2010
The nuclear reality and lost opportunityJul. 9, 2010 Justice
'The Joneses': The consequences of covetousnessJun. 11, 2010
Robin Hood: the sword and the Magna CartaMay. 29, 2010 Politics
Blog Posts
'Do You Believe?' is not mainstream entertainment; it is mainstream Sunday schoolMar. 19, 2015 NCR Today
'The Drop Box' features ordinary people who live their faith in extraordinary waysMar. 2, 2015 NCR Today
2015 Oscar nominees default to (mostly white) menFeb. 21, 2015 NCR Today
A few words on '50 Shades of Grey'Feb. 17, 2015 NCR Today
'American Sniper': A question of heroesJan. 30, 2015 NCR Today
Documentary outlines the 1954 rise of the KKKJan. 12, 2015 NCR Today
'Left Behind' or lost in space?Oct. 10, 2014 NCR Today
'The Decent One': Documentary on Himmler a compelling contribution to Holocaust filmographyOct. 8, 2014 NCR Today
Robin Williams: last comic standingAug. 13, 2014 NCR Today
Book Reviews
The tumultuous times of Corita KentAug. 3, 2016
Essays capture the texture of Catholic Worker lifeApr. 1, 2015 Justice, People
The inner realities of cinematic sistersFeb. 12, 2014 Media
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In This Issue
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- Read select articles from our print issue
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text:
The annual Riverfront Trail Day for senior citizens and people who are physically disabled will be held Wednesday, June 5, with a rain date set for Wednesday, June 12.
The day will include free narrated tram rides and wheelchair escorts along the trail, free refreshments and bingo, live music by Mike Rufkahr, a display by the Washington Historicl Society, valet parking and free transportation to and from the event for people living within the Washington city limites.
A free lunch will include hot dogs, hamburgers, ice cream, cookies and drinks. Lunch will be served from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
Wheelchair escorts will be at 8 a.m., 9 a.m. and 10 a.m.
Tram rides will be at 9 a.m., 10 a.m., 11 a.m., noon, 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.
Bingo games under the main pavilion will start at 9 a.m. and will end at 2 p.m.
To make a reservation, people should call the Washington parks department at 636-390-1080.
The event is sponsored by the Washington Rotary Club and the Washington Parks and Recreation Department.


text:
Encyclopedia Dubuque
"Encyclopedia Dubuque is the online authority for all things Dubuque, written by the people who know the city best."
Marshall Cohen—researcher and producer, CNN
In 1854, the Legislature of the Territory of Minnesota chartered the Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad (M&NW) to be built between Lake Superior, Minneapolis and Dubuque, Iowa. Construction did not proceed, however, until it was purchased by Stickney and another investor in 1883. By 1886 a line between St. Paul, Minnesota and Dubuque had been built.
The line ran north past the FLEXSTEEL INDUSTRIES, INC. plant and turned west before reaching Sageville. (3) The track continued through Durango and Graf, north of Epworth and Farley, and then along the ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD tracks into Dyersville. The former right-of-way became HERITAGE TRAIL. (4)
By 1888, not only had the railroad changed its name to the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad (CStP&KC), it had finished a continuous line all the way across Illinois to Forest Park, Illinois, except for trackage rights with the Illinois Central across the MISSISSIPPI RIVER. At Forest Park, the railroad made a connection with the ancestor of the Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal for the last nine miles into Chicago's Grand Central Station. The new construction included Illinois' longest railway bore, the Winston Tunnel, south of Galena.
Through merger and construction, the CStP&KC added lines between Oelwein, Iowa, on the Chicago-to-St. Paul mainline, and Kansas City, Missouri, by 1891, and between Oelwein and Omaha, Nebraska by 1903. Oelwein became the hub of the railroad, and its main locomotive repair shops were soon located there.
The railroad survived the Panic of 1893 to become the Chicago Great Western. It soon developed a reputation for being an innovative and progressive competitor for traffic.
The Panic of 1907, however, forced it into bankruptcy; the road was purchased by investors connected to J. P. Morgan. Samuel Morse Felton, Jr. took over from Stickney in 1909. Felton realized that the railroad could not survive without an ambitious effort to innovate and modernize. New rails, new locomotives, and gasoline-powered motorcars replaced steam power on the lightly used passenger trains. The Chicago & Great Western Railroad Company was organized August 11, 1909 for the sole purpose of acquiring the properties of the Chicago Great Western Railway Company (The name was later changed back to the Chicago Great Western Railway Company). (5) It served directly the states of Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota and Nebraska. The Chicago Great Western Railway Company had terminals at Minneapolis, St. Paul, Omaha, Chicago, St. Joseph, Kansas City, and Des Moines. (6) Altogether the railroad consisted of less than 1,500 miles of trackage. (7)
Felton retired in 1929 because of poor health. In 1935 the railroad declared bankruptcy again. It was reorganized and re-emerged in 1941. The Great Western reduced passenger service, abandoned branch lines and refurbished main lines, and continued the purchase of huge locomotives which pulled enormous trains, sometimes one-hundred cars long or longer. A very important innovation was the "Piggyback Service" which the Great Western introduced in 1936 by moving several hundred truck trailers on specially modified flat cars. The line is remembered for these extremely long freight trains and welded rail. (8) The Great Western was also an early advocate of diesel power. It purchased its first diesel-electric locomotive, an 800 horsepower (600 kW) yard switcher from Westinghouse, in 1934. By 1950 the CGW was completely diesel-powered.
A group of businessmen friendly to William N. Deramus, Jr., president of the Kansas City Southern, purchased a controlling share of Great Western stock, and by 1949, appointed Deramus' son, William N. Deramus III, to head the railroad. He continued the modernization and cost-trimming. Under Deramus, passenger service was almost entirely eliminated, and the railroad's offices were consolidated in Oelwein, Iowa. Even longer trains than before became standard operating procedure. This slowed service but increased efficiency.
Upon his resignation, Deramus was replaced by Edward T. Reidy. Innovations continued to keep the company profitable. Second-generation diesel locomotives found their way into the system. The Oelwein Shops stayed busy repairing and maintaining the older units long after many other railroads had replaced theirs with newer models. Passenger service, reduced to two St. Paul to Omaha trains, was gone by 1962. Labor costs were reduced and branch lines abandoned, as the Great Western remained financially strong enough to be considered for merger.
After merger and abandonment, some Chicago Great Western trackage and infrastructure remains in service. Long sections of former CGW rights-of-way have been preserved as rail trails, such as the Great Western Trail between Villa Park and Sycamore, Illinois, the Cannon Valley Trail between Red Wing and Cannon Falls, Minnesota, the Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail between Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, and the HERITAGE TRAIL between Dubuque and Dyersville, Iowa.
1. Huddleston, Jerry L. "About the Chicago Great Western." Online:
2. "The Chicago Great Western Railway, The Corn Belt Route" Online: http://www.american-rails.com/chicago-great-western.html
3. Meyer, Jeffrey J. "Clear the Track," Julien's Journal, March 2010, p. 36
4. "A Brief History of the Chicago Great Western Railroad Company," Train Web, Online: http://trainweb.org /ucgw/hsfcgw10.htm#cgwroad
5. "A Brief History of the Chicago Great Western Railroad Company,
6. Ibid.
7. "The Chicago Great Western Railway..."
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.


text:
Ash Flanders, Hares and Hyenas, until February 23
Ash Flanders is one half of DIY trash theatre duo Sisters Grimm, whose mutant melodramas have sullied locales from the Civil War-era South to the Ballarat goldfields.
Apparently a white upper middle-class upbringing has all the trappings of melodrama too, where Flanders was ''breastfed on tragedy'' to become the martyr he is today. He finds solace in sufferers such as Manson disciple Susan Atkins, troubled star Charlotte Dawson and Jesus.
Special Victim is part cabaret, part stand-up, part drag routine and part Vegas revue. Anytime Flanders puts his rhinestones in the spotlight though, it's as much a satire as homage - a ''fancy French word'' that Sisters Grimm employs to prevent legal action.
Flanders' eclectic material weaves together obsessions (such as true crime and the Manson family) with tales of his ignoble origins. He's endearing enough to broach the crude and nasty too, whether it's declaiming the Facebook statuses of his biggest fan (the bundy-and-coke-swilling Sharon whom he met at Geelong nightclub the Sphinx), his ''skin-hungry'' massage fetish or his cruel childhood test of family dog Winston Flanders' love.
Direction from Stephen Nicolazzo - of the high-camp Little Ones Theatre - ties these threads into a glittering package, with piano accompaniment from Dave Barclay.
Adopting a stage persona that's equal parts Dolly Parton, Liberace and John Waters, Flanders again proves himself an obscenely funny and enviably talented performer.


text:
The floor is something we must fight against.
Whilst seemingly mere platform for the human
stance, it is that place that men fall to.
I am not dizzy. I stand as a tower, a lighthouse;
the pale ray of my sentiency flowing from my face.
But should I go dizzy I crash down into the floor;
my face into the floor, my attention bleeding into
the cracks of the floor.
Dear horizontal place, I do not wish to be a rug.
Do not pull at the difficult head, this teetering
bulb of dread and dream . . .
Poet: Russell Edson
Poem: The Floor
Are you looking for more information on this poem? Perhaps you are trying to analyze it? The poem, The Floor, has received 11 comments. Click here to read them, and perhaps post a comment of your own.
More Poems
(54 poems)
Russell Edson books


text:
|Home > Sport > Article
While she will compete in the coming domestic season, she has already stopped racing road marathons, which brought her five Boston titles from nine starts.
"I'm not doing as much [competing] as I have in the past and I won't be travelling as much as I have in the past," she said.
Sauvage said she needed to assess injuries to her shoulders and an elbow before deciding whether to go to the Paralympics.
In the men's Oz Day wheelchair race, South African Ernst Van Dyk set a record time of 21.15, taking 10 seconds off the mark of 45-year-old Swiss legend Heinz Frei, who took out the masters division yesterday.
Australia's Kurt Fearnley finished third.
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|Perfect 10 enough for Sauvage
|Full coverage
Also in Sport
A walk in the park
Bold Warnie toughs it out and says goodbye
Viduka facing ban for elbow
Kings on way to proving rival coach right
Els loses to self-taught Chinese golfer
Widders grabs Lyon's share of glory
Beating Spitz's haul impossible: Thorpe
Merciless leader ends the dream
The clock - biological and otherwise - ticks for Pottharst
Durable but despised: the Raider with a pillbox by his feet hunts a fifth title
After years in Macau, Didham's Dinky-di again
Tunnell sandblasts her way to ironwoman final
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text:
He looks like a Golding, like Sprocket. What if he's her uncle, the one in her backstory?
Maybe. Or Maybe not.
Name pun
His name is a pun on High Rise! CS wuz here
There's a picture of Spy Rise in toy form on this wiki. So why hasn't it been added to the page? Sam (BAZINGA) 12:49, August 22, 2013 (UTC)
Probably because it's forbidden by the image copyrights. Have you seen Aura's blog post about it?
Spy Rise's catchphrase
I think Spy Rise's Catchphrase is "Hook, Line and Swinger." Wikimaster S (talk) 14:21, September 2, 2013 (UTC)
I stand corrected on "Hook, Line and Swinger." too. Wikimaster S (talk) 13:39, September 24, 2013 (UTC)
Bio Found
Good news, I got found the bio: http://www.skylanders.com/characters/spy-rise
Yes, all the bios can be found on the website now. It was mentioned in a blog post, and I'm pretty sure Aura will add it next time she logs on.


text:
Ask Health Experts and Get Answers to Your Health Question ASAP
Dear Mrs Ervin
Thank you for writing Justanswer with your concern.
I've been reviewing several sources, sorry for the delay.
The only thing that seems to fit with his profile is an atypical fungal infection. There are many types of fungal infections, and not all of them involve thickening or yellowing of the nails. Especially in a young, clean, and otherwise healthy individual. With his sports activity and the description you have given (some toes with the discoloration starting at the tips I really think this is likely.
Otherwise for "blue to grey" or "brown" nails other problems that can cause this would be silver poisoining (for grey or blue nails) or mercury poisoning (for brown nails) But if he had this degree of poisoning, he would certainly most likely have other symptoms at this point.
One of the best treatments for nail fungus, that does not treat the whole body (such as oral medications) is tea tree oil. This comes usually in a small glass bottle and you can buy it in any pharmacy. This oil is very concentrated and strong. It will actually soak through the nail to the underlying skin, which is needed to treat toe or fingernail infections. This can be applied directly to the nail, and after the first few nights, only a tiny bit will be required each night to each toe. You could also and soak the toes in a solution of warm water with several drops of the tea tree oil. Only take care not to get this in the eyes.
I have seen this (tea tree oil) work quite well, but according to the Mayo clinic there have not been enough scientific studies to yet prove the effectiveness in all cases.
See this article from the Mayo Clinic, regarding tea tree oil if you like:
This is the Mayo Clinic's recommendation for treatment of nail fungus, that is based on empirical evidence. Description of toenail fungus is given as well, causes, treatment and prevention recommendations.
If you are interested in alternative methods, this article by Andrew Weil, MD, a physician who studies complementary or alternative medicine, may be of interest to you. One of his recommendations is Tea tree oil. http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/id/QAA362690
With any medication for nail fungus, you will note that results will only be visible as the nail grows out, so, look for the new nail growing in to be clear, as well as there should be no increase in discoloration elsewhere if treatment is working. It will also be important to perhaps have an extra pair of clean, cotton socks to change into when he is away from home and is changing shoes to run for example. Washing the feet carefully daily and after sports with soap and water, and drying very thouroughly will help prevent further infection with nail fungus or other fungus.
If he does not see improvement within a few weeks of beginning the treatment that he chooses, or other symptoms appear, please see a physician for physical examination and work up.
I hope this is helpful. If you do have other questions or comments, please reply so that I or another expert can address them.
One more bit of (important) information. He has been diagnosed with A-topical Dermatitis many years ago. It affects his feet the most (His brother, has severe Psoriasis). To keep under control he wears flip-flops most of the time, year – round. He wears shoe and socks when he needs to.
Are there other health concerns connected with this fungi to be on the look out for within the body? Can it affect other parts of the body? Internally or externally? I ask this because it obviously spreads from one toe to the other. All 10 toes are discolored. The last time I looked, it was just the big toes.
We will try the tea tree oil. If we went to a Dr., would it be a Dermatologist? Thank you for your time and information. Sincerely. You did get paid. They corrected the error message.
Yes I saw that I got paid, and also thank you for the bonus.
There is a slight chance of it spreading, and therefore it is important for him to wash his hands after handling his feet, and it's a good idea to wash the socks in hot water. I think if he gets proper fitting shoes, which are breatheable, as well as wears the cotton socks, that this help to prevent spreading as well (or from him catching fungal infection). Although if his feet sweat excessively, then I can understand the necessity of the flip flops. The change of socks once to twice per day is important when he is wearing shoes, especially after sports activities and may mean buying extra socks and for him to get good instructions in the importance of this (with his type A personality, should not be a problem for him).
Back to the spreading or getting this internally, this would be rare in a healthy person - it can occur in people that are immuno-compromised such as those on chemo-therapy or with HIV.
Yes, a dermatologist would be the appropriate doctor. I'm sorry I thought I had mentioned it, I believe it is mentioned in the Mayo Clinic article.