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Sorry, but this classic has been sold and is resting comfortably in the garage of a new owner
in our current inventory
1972 Oldsmobile 442 W-30
- Stock #
- 134238
- Body Style
- Convertible
- Engine
- Exterior Color
- Blue
- Interior Color
- White
- Miles
- 63104
Trade in a Vehicle
Why Buy From Us ?
See Also
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recent sales
- Frame off restoration
- Muncie 4-speed manual
- Power top / windows
- W-30 visuals
- Power steering / brakes
- Super Sport II wheels
- Oldsmobile 455ci V8
- Factory air conditioning
In it's 107-year history, Oldsmobile contributed more than its share of power and technology to General Motors. From the Jetfire Turbo V8 to the front-wheel drive Tornados, the company continually took chances and pushed the envelope on what the public was ready to drive. The muscle car era, however, saw a rivalry with Pontiac that lead to some wicked mid-size cars known by three numbers: 4-4-2. Thanks to their near-perfect mix of power and comfort, the collector car market has taken notice of these cars in a big way, making room for cars like this 1972 Cutlass 442 convertible. While it wasn't born a W-30, try telling that to the authentic W-30 visuals and rock solid 455ci V8. Factor in great options like a power top, power windows, power brakes, and factory air conditioning and the appeal just keeps growing. A frame off restoration brought the car back to better-than-new standards, creating a 442 that's both great to look at and a pleasure to drive.
This Cutlass convertible was born in GM's Lansing, Michigan factory and marks the end of a styling era that began in 1968. Judging by restoration pictures, this was a serious build that resulted in an impressive car that continues to make a great first impression on anyone lucky enough to see it. The color is similar to Oldsmobile's Nordic Blue and looks great over the sweeping Cutlass lines. Every panel is straight and fitment bests factory work with even gaps all around. When the weather gets inclement, a taut white top comes to the rescue, offering not only protection from the elements but also a great tie-in with the full W-30 regalia that adorns the car's crisp body work.
While the W-30 option is known mostly for power output, it also brought some strong visuals to the otherwise subtle Cutlass. The most obvious addition is the fiberglass Force-Air hood with bright hood pins and two long scoops. A dose of white paint draws extra attention to those nostrils while white side stripes and special die-case W-30 make sure this won't be mistaken for an average A-body from most angles. W-30 pieces aside, there is plenty to admire on this Olds. The front view has a great split grill accented by a bright red 442 badge while the rear is capped off by trumpet-style exhaust tips and massive chrome bumper with integrated tail lights. All the chrome here is showroom quality, as is the glass and stainless. Combined with the high-quality paintwork, the car presents an air of quality all around.
While this M-code Cutlass was born with a small block, restoration efforts provided something a little stronger. Lift the dual scoop hood to find a 455ci V8. According to many enthusiasts, these engines were superior to other GM products due to being statically balanced and filled with components like A, B, C, and D pistons that ensured a perfect match to the bore. Whatever magic Olds instilled in these engines, the bottom line is the bottom end – these 455s are absolute torque monsters. This particular 455 shows a little better than most thanks to restoration tactics that left this engine compartment showroom fresh. Under the Oldsmobile-branded Force-Air system, a single Quadrajet carburetor bolts to a Winters intake manifold. At either side, "G" heads with big valves are covered by nicely finished blue valve covers. The front of the engine spins items like a factory-fresh air conditioning compressor, power steering pump, and an alternator to keep things charged. Spent exhaust gases are whisked away through cast iron exhaust manifolds that connect with a clean dual exhaust system. Item like the "UL" decaled oil fill neck and Delco batter contribute to the overall sense of authenticity the car carries.
Take a look under the car to find more of the same attention to detail present at all corners. From the satin black floor pans to the suspension components, every piece shows well. In the middle of everything, a Muncie 4-speed offers full control of the monster V8 up front. Power spins down the driveshaft and out to a factory rear end that sports a slick aluminum W-27 inspection cover. When it came to the front suspension, Olds didn't offer many options. This one wears the standard direct-action coil springs with ball joints and a stabilizer link under the front half. The rear consisted of a factory four-bar setup with semi-floating axles and coil springs which are aided by Air Lift airbags. New shocks at all corners complete the package. When the road ahead gets curvy, factory power steering combines with power-assisted brakes for a confidence-inspiring driving experience. Those brakes clamp down on front discs and rear drums that tuck neatly behind color-keyed Super Sport II wheels wrapped in 225/70/14 Goodyear rubber.
When it came to luxurious interiors of the early 1970s, few did it better than Oldsmobile. This 442 is a solid example thanks to an exemplary white interior that looks great against the blue body. There are plenty of options to admire here, beginning with the bucket seats up front. Great to look at and even better to sit in, they provide a front-row seat to the rich wood grain dashboard. Instrumentation remains purely GM with a three-gauge set that monitors fuel, temperature, oil pressure, speed, revs, and even time. Below, pristine sliders and switches offer control of the wipers, power top, and factory air conditioning system. A tilt-column topped by a tough-looking four-spoke steering wheel pairs with like-new pedals and a chrome shifter to offer the driver full control. To the right of the gauge cluster, the factory AM/FM radio remains in place. At either side, stylized door panels bring in more wood grain while introducing the black carpet that lines the floors below. Nearly every piece presents as new, while modern features like power windows and locks reinforce that feeling. Behind the seat, the trunk continues the high-quality theme, offering a correct trunk mat alongside a fifth Super Sport II wheel.
This clean drop top comes with both restoration receipts and photos that offer significant insight into how this car became the show stopper it is today. Other interesting artifacts include an owner's manual, emissions manual, and a service schedule sheet to help you keep your new Oldsmobile in top shape.
With its W-30 visuals, solid options package, and 455 cubic inches worth of V8 under the hood, this Cutlass is a strong reminder of what the Oldsmobile division was once capable of. Even if it was "your father's Oldsmobile" you'd probably try to borrow it show lesser-equipped Chevelles and GTOs a thing or two off the stoplights. If you're looking for an alternative A-body that's ready to wow crowds and put a smile on your face, clear out some room in your garage for this 1972 Cutlass 442 convertible.
- Year
- 1972
- Make
- Oldsmobile
- Secondary Make
- n/a
- Model Name
- 442
- Secondary Model
- Vehicle Type
- Passenger Car
- Hobby Segment
- Muscle Car
- Mileage
- 63104
Engine / Transmission
- Engine Type
- Gasoline
- Engine Size
- Engine Number
- n/a
- Heads
- Stock
- Fuel Specification
- 92/93 Octane
- Fuel Delivery System Type
- Single 4 Barrel
- Transmission Type
- 4 Speed Manual
- Transmission Spec
- Muncie M20
- Transmission Number
- Entertainment System Type
- n/a
- Battery Location
- LH Engine Compartment
- Battery Shut Off
- At battery
- Battery Charger
- None
- Power Steering
- Yes
- Air Conditioning
- Yes
- Interior Color
- White
- Seating Type
- Bucket
- Seat Material
- Vinyl
- Shifter Type
- Floor
- Center Console
- Yes
- Body Style
- Convertible
- Doors
- 2
- Safe Body Color
- Blue
- Paint Type
- n/a
- Stripes
- Yes
- Front Suspension Type
- Double A-arm
- Rear Suspension Type
- 4-Link
- Axle Specification
- 10 Bolt
- Front Wheel Specification
- 14" Rally
- Rear Wheel Specification
- 14" Rally
- Front Tire Specification
- Rear Tire Specification
- Front Brakes Specification
- Power Disc
- Rear Brakes Specification
- Power Drum
- Spare
- n/a
- Exhaust Type
- Dual Exhaust
- Muffler Type
- n/a
- Restoration Status
- Restored
- Mileage Since Restoration
- n/a
- Awards Summary
- n/a
- Historical Documents Summary
- * Owners manual * Emmissions manual * Service schedule sheet * Restoration Receipts * Restoration Photos
Contact Us Regarding this Vehicle
Call Us
- 704.445.9105
- 704.596.5980


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Gauge of economy's health edges up 0.2%
The Conference Board said on Wednesday that its index of leading indicators rose 0.2 percent in October to a reading of 97.5. It was the sixth gain in seven months and followed large gains in the previous two months.
The index is designed to signal economic conditions over the next three to six months.
Kathy Bostjancic, an economist with the Conference Board, said the recent gains point to stronger growth next year. The Conference Board forecasts that the economy will grow 2.3 percent in 2014, up from the anticipated 1.6 percent growth for this year.

subset: commoncrawl


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In June 1985, Diana Block, her two-week old son and five companions - all of them active in the struggle for Puerto Rican independence - fled L.A. after finding a surveillance device in their car. Facing the
possibility of arrest because of her militant activities, Diana spent the next decade living underground, on the run from the FBI, raising two children and juggling security, solidarity and motherhood. In a perfect demonstration that the personal is political, Diana's memoir offers unique insights into the reasons why people turned to armed resistance against the U.S. government in the 1960's and 1970's in response to racism, male supremacy and war. The book also traces Diana's political development on either side of her time underground, offering a fresh look at the history of the 1970's and an analysis of the social terrain of the 1990's when she resurfaced and tried to reintegrate into a very different world.
Relayed with emotional depth and a poetic style, ARM THE SPIRIT brings a woman's perspective to a subject typically dominated by heroic, male discourse. The book paints a vivid, complex picture of underground life and its many challenges. What is it like to raise children who don't know their mother's real name and birthday? How does it feel to see your own history distorted on an episode of "America's Most Wanted"? Which aspects of underground life are terrifying, which are
stultifying, and which ultimately strengthen the spirit and will to resist? A captivating tale of struggle and solidarity - told from the inside.
Diana Block has been an activist for forty years. She has written for political journals and women's magazines and currently is a member of the editorial collective of The Fire Inside, the newsletter of the California Coalition for Women Prisoners.
For more information contact diana@armthespirit,com
Diana Block's Arm the Spirit is a stunning piece of work with pitch-perfect voice and strong writing. She gives voice to many of us who took up the vocation of revolution and have remained true to the vision of a radically transformed world.
- Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, radical historian, writer, teacher
Arm the Spirit is one woman's tale of wanting a better world, struggling to bring that vision to fruition and then literally having to flee for her life. This is a poignant and hard-hitting story, exploring origins, memory, the decisions of everyday life and the underlying issues of fear and accountability. It is a story of internal exile that holds lessons for us all, particularly in these times when a "war on terror" has so often become a war against our own best citizens. Block's telling is helped by beautiful poetry and resistance to dogma. This is truly a story for every reader.
- Margaret Randall, Author
Read an excerpt from the beginning of Arm the Spirit.
Feminist Review
Interview with
Circle A Radio
on KBOO June 17th
Anita Johnson of Hard Knock Radio interviews Diana Block (starts 5:30 minutes into program)
Article in the San Francisco Chronicle
AK Press interview with Diana Block
Ron Jacobs Review


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➤ ➤ ➤ All orders will be shipped via express mail (except some countries) Please ask for details
❤ Welcome To My Shop Jurga Felt Life! ❤
☀ Original natural handmade felted shoes and slippers made in ancient technique.
✎ Feel free and contact me if you have any questions about the items, discounts, custom
Thank you for visiting my shop! ♔
➤ ➤ ➤ All orders will be shipped via express mail (except some countries) Please ask for details
❤ Welcome To My Shop Jurga Felt Life! ❤
☀ Original natural handmade felted shoes and slippers made in ancient technique.
✎ Feel free and contact me if you have any questions about the items, discounts, custom
Thank you for visiting my shop! ♔
Radka Hradecka on Jul 11, 2017
These shoes are so beautifull and comfortable. Too bad its summer so I cant were now 😉. Thank so much to Jurga for making these booties for me even been busy with her new family. Excelent job.
This is my second pair, and I love them so much that I bought some for my husband this time. Thank you for making such a beautiful product!
This is my second pair, and I love them so much that I bought some for my husband this time. Thank you for making such a beautiful product!
This is my second pair, and I love them so much that I bought some for my husband this time. Thank you for making such a beautiful product!
My life as a feltmaker began when I became a mom
I fell in love with felt in 2008 when my first son turned 3 months old. The love grew bigger and bigger with every little thing I used to felt, with every piece of art I found in books and magazines. Before that I worked as an architect in a small company, later I understood I really need more freedom in my occupation, I wanted to see my children growing. I wanted to do what I really loved to. This was working with textile. This was felting.
My very first felt craft was a pair of red slippers for myself: much better than I could have imagined. Afterwards there was a bag with flying little butterflies, slippers for my family and handbags for friends. Step by step I discovered more and more about this old and amazing craft.
We live near a forest and a lake surrounded by wild meadows in summer and magnificent snowdrifts in wintertime with only a few neighbours in the distance.
I work at home. In the midst of beautiful nature I feel so free and creative. I can't imagine myself working alone. Kids, my little assistants, are running around and are always willing to advise me on the selection of colours. My husband is also there with his free sense of art and brilliant ideas. He is my number one quality controller. I love working at home where I can feel free and comfortable.
So this is my life. This is my shop story.
Shop members
I am Jurga, a mom of two little guys and a feltmaker since 2008
Shop policies
I love making felted slippers, shoes and felted clothing.
I love natural and vivid colors. So I try to find some harmony between them.
I use just natural wool and fibers. Don't like synthetic. All my works are created with big attention and love.
Feel free to contact me, I'll gladly reply!
Accepted payment methods
- Accepts Etsy Gift Cards and Etsy Credits
You are not required to have a PayPal account to place the order , you can use your credit card. Although if you already have a PayPal account you may use it.
This will help you :
Payment is expected within 5 days of purchase.
If payment is not made, I reserve the right to cancel the sale.
I use the Etsy address as the shipping address.
I send all orders by Priority registered mail. In November and December I ship all items via Express mail. It takes 2-4 business days. To Germany and UK I ship via registered mail. If you would like express shipping, please inform me.
Please note: customs fees are charged to the customer and mail checks and delays are beyond my control.
I'm not responsible for items lost/damaged. If you received damaged product, please, contact me as soon as you can!
Refunds and Exchanges
If for any reason you want to change or return your items, it must be done within 6 days from receipt. I accept the return only for items that are NOT have been worn.
Shipping costs are charged to the buyer.
You will receive a refund (excluding shipping costs) only after I received back the goods intact. The goods you send back MUST be packaged to avoid damage.
Please choose carefully before committing to buy!
Additional policies and FAQs
Please note: the color in the listing and the color of the item in nature may differ a little bit.
More information
Frequently asked questions
Expedited Shipping
All orders in October and December will be dispatched via express mail.
We offer Standard shipping 7-21 days, DHL Economy Europe 2-6days, DHL Express worldwide 1-4 days shipping. All orders over $100 will by shipped via DHL Express.
Care instructions
Care instructions for felt:
Felted wool slippers and shoes, as well as other natural wool does not require washing. Wool naturally repels dirt, it is usually sufficient to air felted footwear for odors to disappear.
If necessary, wash clogs by hand or in a washing machine on wool or hand-washing mode, use detergent for wool. The clogs should be washed and rinsed in warm water of the same temperature, as felted things shrink because of temperature variations.
For several minutes leave upright to dry on absorbent surface (such as a dry towel) to get rid of water excess. Reshape by hand or (or put on and shape on foot) while damp and leave it to dry, upright also.
Custom and personalized orders
I love custom orders! For other colors, quantities and sizes please contact me.
Custom orders can take longer than standard orders, contact me for price and time range details.
Women's sizing details
Inside soles length measurements:
35 EU | 5.5 US – 23.3 cm / 9.2 inch
36 EU | 6.5 US – 24.0 cm / 9.4 inch
37 EU | 7 US – 24.6 cm / 9.7 inch
37.5 EU | 7.5 US – 24.8 cm / 9.8 inch
38 EU | 8 US – 25.0 cm / 9.9 inch
38.5 EU | 8.5 – 25.3 cm / 10.0 inch
39 EU | 9 US – 25.6 cm / 10.1 inch
40 EU | 9.5 US – 26.0 cm / 10.2 inch
40.5 EU | 10 – 26.5 cm / 10.4 inch
41 EU | 10.5 US – 27.0 cm / 10.6 inch
41.5 EU | 11 – 27.5 cm / 10.8 inch
42 EU | 11.5 US – 28.0 cm / 11.0 inch
Men's sizing details
38.5 EU | 7 – 25.2 cm / 9.9 inch
39 EU | 7.5 US – 25.7 cm / 10.1 inch
40 EU | 8 – 26.0 cm / 10.2 inch
40.5 EU | 8.5 US – 26.5 cm / 10.4 inch
41 EU | 9 US – 27.0 cm / 10.6 inch
41.5 EU | 9.5 US – 27.5 cm / 10.8 inch
42 EU | 10 US – 28.0 cm / 11.0 inch
42.5 EU | 10.5 US – 28.4 cm / 11.2 inch
43 EU | 11 US – 29.0 cm / 11.4 inch
44 EU | 11.5 US – 29.5 cm / 11.6 inch
45 EU | 12 US – 30.0 cm / 11.8 inch
46 EU | 13 US – 31.5 cm / 12.4 inch
47.5 EU | 14 US – 32.5 cm / 12.8 inch
Gift wrapping and packaging
We will wrap your purchased item as a gift if needed. Please contact us for details.


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by Idoya Lahortiga and Luk Cox of somersault18:24 and Shapeways Crew members
3D printing is a disruptive technology, it allows you to spread awareness about almost anything, including science. We'll show you how we do it in this field, because that is our area of expertise, but it holds true for every other industry you're in.
Awareness starts at knowing something exists and ranges all the way up to full comprehension. It is a funnel. The more people will be aware, the more will end up understanding the subject matter deeply.
Let's take the internet as an example. It is something we're all aware of, otherwise we couldn't even read this blog post, but a few of us truly understand the fine details of this technology, how it really works. This is the awareness funnel at work.
Nevertheless we all understand the importance of the internet, no matter where you are in the funnel. This underlines the necessity to spread awareness about things you care about. We can only value things if we are aware about them.
You can make people aware of things by integrating it in their daily lives. If the technology of the internet would have stayed in the military environment, where it was invented, not many of us would have been using the internet today, we simple wouldn't be aware of it.
Science is something we're all aware of, but the funnel narrows very fast. Everybody knows it exists, but for most people it stops there. It doesn't penetrate into our daily lives. The slope is too steep.
As a consequence science has an image problem. Science is often seen as boring, too difficult, for a selected few, far away from our own world. But the truth is that is fascinating, beautiful and closer to our hearts than we might realize. Moreover if we could adopt a scientific mindset and think following the scientific method of experimenting and testing, we could thrive in many other aspects of our life.
At somersault18:24 we care very much about this. We are scientists for as long as we can remember and want to give science the attention it deserves. For obvious reasons we adopt to the scientific method and go step by step. A key step in this process was the implementation of 3D printing of science-inspired jewelry.
We decided to start spreading awareness via scientist like ourselves. But instead of motivating them to talk about their passion and spread the word, we turned things around. What if we could motivate laymen to engage with scientists and show interest in the first place, wouldn't that work much better?
But how? That is when 3D printing of science-inspired jewelry comes into play. Everybody wears jewelry, even scientists. We wear it to look nice and beautiful, we wear it for ourselves to be different and unique. We wear it to get noticed. BANG! or "Eureka!" as you wish. What if we could give dedicated scientists jewelry and accessories symbolizing their passion? Their friends will notice it and possibly comment on it or ask what it is. Now the scientist has the perfect entry to engage more people into this fascinating world.
But we had a problem, one that was not so easy to overcome. How could we make the jewelry with no expertise nor skills in jewelry manufacturing whatsoever? 3D printing was the solution. It is rather simple for everyone to build computer generated designs these days. Personally we use Blender, a free open source 3D modeling package. It takes a bit of practice to get the hold of it, but certainly worth the effort.
The possibilities are endless. There is so many beauty in science that is often unexplored. Take for example this neuron pendant. We have billions of neurons in our own body, but if you're not a scientist familiar with the subject, you were not able to appreciate its beauty… until now.
This type of jewelry certainly also has its place in the fundraising to combat diseases. We believe that it is a very efficient method to spread awareness about these topics too.
So, if you have a passion, a cause or you are on a mission to spread awareness. Think about the fascinating possibilities of 3D printing next time.
How did you create your "Eureka!" moment?


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Technical assistance and direction supplement for RWJF's New Jersey Health Initiatives Expecting Success program
The Foundation's program, New Jersey Health Initiatives, was designed to support projects in New Jersey that develop new approaches to resolving the state's health care needs, focusing on the Foundation's goal areas.This grant provides support to the existing New Jersey Health Initiatives national program office for technical assistance and direction for the development, implementation and management of the New Jersey Health Initiatives Strategic Grantmaking Program - Disparities Initiative: Expecting Success - New Jersey. The Expecting Success - New Jersey program objective is to create a New Jersey learning collaborative of 10 hospitals targeting disparities in cardiovascular disease among minorities, specifically African Americans and Latinos.
Grant Details
Amount Awarded $188,736.00
Awarded on: 7/24/2006
Time frame: 8/1/2006 - 7/31/2007
Grant Number: 58464
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research
112 Paterson Street, 2nd Floor
New Brunswick, 08901-1293
Gretchen Hartling
Project Director


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Good Thursday morning from The Oval. It was on this day in 1861 that Jefferson Davis became provisional president of the Confederate States of America -- the first and last president of the Confederacy.
So far, no shadow president for President Obama, the nascent Tea Party notwithstanding. As the lone leader of the USA, Obama begins year two of the Stimulus Era by appointing a commission to examine the $1.6 trillion federal deficit and $14.3 trillion national debt. He'll meet with co-chairmen Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson and make some remarks about the dangers of red ink.
Then it's on to meet with the Dalai Lama, exiled spiritual leader of Tibet's Buddhists -- in the Map Room, not the Oval Office. The meeting has already been denounced by China, but Oval pal Calum MacLeod writes from Beijing that activists are hopeful it signals a tougher administration line against Chinese human rights abuses. Obama's last three predecessors all met with the Dalai Lama, none more often than George W. Bush.
Having addressed major domestic and foreign policy issues, Obama will jet out west for some old-fashioned politics. He's headed for Colorado to campaign for freshman Sen. Michael Bennet, then to Nevada to boost imperiled Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. The prez will overnight there before returning to Washington on Friday.
Vice President Biden, meanwhile, gives a major address on nuclear nonproliferation and security at the National Defense University, seeking to advance his boss' oft-stated goal: a world without nuclear weapons.
Other members of the administration continue to mark the one-year anniversary of the $862 billion stimulus bill -- subject of continued controversy in Washington, as Oval chum Matt Kelley writes -- with visits to various parts of the country. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner will be in Raleigh, North Carolina, to tout new market tax credits. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood heads for Tucson, Arizona; Commerce Secretary Gary Locke goes to Pittsburgh and Wheeling, West Virginia; HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan and EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson will make separate visits to Ohio.
They won't be in two places our colleagues Dennis Cauchon and William M. Welch went to show how the recession is having very different impacts -- Lincoln, Neb., where the jobless rate is low, and Merced, Calif., where it's sky-high.
There's good news and bad news for Obama today, here at home and abroad:
Confused? Don't be. The nation will endure. And if you're feeling patriotic, you can hustle up to Rochester, N.Y., on March 27, where a just-discovered original Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington will go on auction. Just don't raise your hand to sneeze when the bidding hits six figures.
(Posted by Richard Wolf)
David's journalism career spans three decades, including coverage of five presidential elections, the Oklahoma City bombing, the 2000 Florida presidential recount and the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He has covered the White House for USA TODAY since 2005. His interests include history, politics, books, movies and college football -- not necessarily in that order. More about David
Follow the Oval on Twitter: @The Oval, @djusatoday.
Also contributing to the Oval: Richard Wolf @richardjwolf; Aamer Madhani @AamerISmad


text:
These videos are of Mamady Keita at the big bang festival which took place in Dublin in 2009.
They were recorded in the National concert hall in Dublin, and are released here on djembefola.com with the permission of Mamady.
Learn some music terminology you'll need.
More djembe exercises to develop your co-ordination, technique and sounds.
Inner metronome 1- A basic pattern and shifting the pulse about
Inner metronome 2- Playing with other combinations of notes
Inner metronome 3- Placing 2 quarter notes
Inner metronome 4- Ghosting and creating space
Inner metronome 5- Filling space and freeing your hands


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Julia Gillard's power plan leaves out crucial reforms, including fundamental changes to the governance of state-owned energy networks, or their privatisation, a leading think tank says.
Tony Wood, energy program director at the Grattan Institute in Melbourne, said that if state-owned network owners were not to be privatised, then states had to act to ensure their businesses were at least as efficient as those in private hands.
He said the changes, to be debated by the Council of Australian Governments on Friday, did not go far enough to stop state governments over-investing in their networks.
For instance, they did not ensure the five-year investment plans of regulated utilities were adapted to external changes such as falling demand. "The industry shouldn't be locking in investment on the basis that demand is continuing to rise," he said on Sunday.
In a report to be released Monday, the Grattan Institute calls for a rebalancing of regulation on power distribution monopolies to favour consumers, after what it sees as a slide too much in favour of the grid owners, allowing them to generate "outsize" profits.
"Consumers cannot afford to have this drift on," said Mr Wood. "It's time to restore the balance."
The report finds savings of $2.2 billion a year are up for grabs through tougher oversight of regulated electricity distributors and an overhaul of some key aspects of the regulatory system, translating to $100 a year in savings for every household.
The report advises giving the Australian Energy Regulator the power to subject all spending by regulated distributors to a rigorous cost-benefit analysis, and to ratchet up governance on state-owned networks so they are forced to achieve the same efficiency standards as the private sector. Responsibility for reliability standards of power supply, meanwhile, should be passed from state governments to the Australian Energy Market Commission, the body that makes the rules of the market.
Importantly, given the declining power demand in the national electricity market, distributors should be made to justify their investment in their networks every year, rather than get locked into the current five-year cycles that have resulted in significant overinvestment in networks, forcing up power prices needlessly.
State governments and regulators have been under increasing pressure over recent months to bring an end to the "gold-plating" of networks to limit upward pressure on household utility bills.
The AEMC released changes last month to rules for governing spending on networks, which have contributed more than 50 per cent to power prices in the past five years.
But Mr Wood said the changes did not go far enough. "There is nothing in those rule changes that would really cause the AER to be any more aggressive than they have been in the past.
"They really haven't been prepared to bite with the teeth they've got so just encouraging them to bite more doesn't seem to be the right answer," he said.
The Grattan Institute wants COAG to take a more proactive role to ensure results are achieved in the interest of consumers. "Having the AEMC set very high-level guidelines and then saying the AER can decide how to do it just seems far too hands off, and COAG has to take more responsibility for this process," Mr Wood said.
The institute found that flaws in the regulatory process had forced consumers to pay too much for power. Avoidable costs to consumers now totalled about $2.2 billion a year across the national electricity market and would escalate if changes were not made. One of the institute's recommendations concerns the key issue of calculating the cost of debt and equity for power distributors. It said allowing the AER to adjust those calculations annually in line with moving market averages instead of over a five-year period would have meant a net benefit to consumers of $2 billion over the current regulatory period.
The opportunity for similar savings of about $390 million a year will be lost if no changes are made, it said.
The report compared returns on equity achieved by regulated utilities such as SP AusNet, Powercor and Jemena and found they were inordinately high in comparison with companies such as AGL Energy and Origin Energy that operate in competitive markets.
The Australian Financial Review


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June 11, 2010
Quitting Smoking with the Lung HelpLine
One of the many services that are offered by the American Lung Association is our Lung HelpLine, and it could be useful to you as you quit smoking. The Lung HelpLine is staffed by registered nurses, respiratory therapists and smoking cessation experts, it's free of charge, and it's available from 8:00 a.m. until 10:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday.
When you call 1-800-548-8252, you can expect:
- A pleasant voice at the other end of the phone; a connection with someone that is genuinely interested in talking with you. Your call will not be rushed, and there is no limit to the number of times that you can call.
- To talk with a registered nurse, registered respiratory therapist or smoking cessation expert. Our Lung HelpLine staff is familiar with lung diseases linked to tobacco use. All of them are familiar with the Freedom From Smoking® program.
- Our staff to ask you some questions. They will want to help you determine your readiness to quit, how you have tried to quit in the past and how that worked.
- If you have a plan to quit, our staff will talk about it with you. If you don't have a plan, then they will talk you through creating one.
- Depending on where you live, staff may refer you to local community programs that may give you additional help.
- Information will be either e-mailed or mailed to you.
So, if you are experiencing an urge curve and your buddy can't be found, you're not near a computer to log on to the program and you need an understanding ear, call the Lung HelpLine.
If you don't know which medication might be best for you—the patch, gum, nicotine inhaler, etc., call the Lung HelpLine.
If you're having some of the symptoms of recovery and you aren't sure if this is normal, call the Lung HelpLine.
If you have worked on your plan, but you feel "stuck" and unsure of it, call the Lung HelpLine.
If you have a lung disease and want more information about what might be available to you in your community, call the Lung HelpLine.
Our Lung HelpLine is there for you. Our experts are waiting to help and it won't cost you a thing. Just call 1-800-548-8252. After you call, write about your experience on the Message Boards or your blog. Let others know how helpful it was for you.
If you're quitting this week, remember to fit in an extra 10 minutes to take a walk every day. Treat yourself to some extra rest by going to bed an extra 15 minutes early for the next couple of weeks. Those extra winks can help you cope better with recovery symptoms.
I'll see you on the Message Boards! :-) Mary Ella
Don't forget: If you're in the Premium program and want help fast on the Message Boards, put "HELP NOW" in the subject line of your post. If you're looking to offer help, watch for those, "HELP NOW" posts and alert your other FFS Online buddies friends to offer some assistance as well.
Local American Lung Association Chapters
Connect with the American Lung Association nearest you.
Sign Up For eNewsletters
Receive Mary Ella's weekly message via email.
Contact Us
Email the American Lung Association
with any questions or comments.


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Firefox Offline Installer Free Download. Review – Firefox Offline Installer's newest updates could suffice of a modification to reel in web surfers who migrated to various other browsers. The new variation of Mozilla Firefox Offline Installer offers updates to the internet internet browser that the solution has needed for time. Firefox Offline Installer has actually dropped the orange tabbed menu that rested on the leading left and changed it with a three-bar switch food selection that fits on the primary toolbar. This design, called Australis, settle the tabs and highlights the tab you are presently on, while the other tabs appear more clear.
Firefox Offline Installer's primary menu focuses on simpleness. You promptly have access to open up personal home windows, locate add-ons and also developed Adblock Plus. This new focus on ease of use and the outstanding rate of navigation make Mozilla Firefox Offline Installer the Top Ten Reviews Gold Honor victor in our internet web browser testimonials.
Firefox Offline Installer Speed & Compatibility
Firefox Offline Installer has actually consistently been a fast internet browser, as well as currently it's even much faster. It beats the majority of the competitors in regards to speed, as well as we had no worry loading Firefox Offline Installer or promptly navigating from page to web page. Firefox Offline Installer supplies a liquid internet surfing encounter from beginning to end and flaunts compatibility across the web. In addition, Firefox Offline Installer is totally equipped to accommodate multi-touch gestures. In our examination making use of the Numion Stop-watch, it took 1.55 seconds to open our site. We balanced how long it took to start our website 10 different times. Firefox Offline Installer finished packing the entire website in 1.09 secs generally. While browsing to a completely different site, Firefox Offline Installer took 3.21 secs. Your net service provider and strategy comes into play in tests like these, yet in our testing, Firefox Offline Installer had better speed tests than the competitors under the exact same test conditions.
Firefox Offline Installer is well arranged as well as instinctive, making the navigating much easier. The browser has a user friendly interface equipped with the basics, but it's far from cluttered. Firefox Offline Installer functions are effective and also valuable, yet simple and also accessible. Firefox Offline Installer has several extra functions that further boost functionality. A totally incorporated spell-checker guarantees your spelling is proper as you function directly online. Another great feature is its automatic session bring back. When Firefox Offline Installer for windows resumes, you could get where you ended, even if the browser closed all of a sudden. Session recover could recover message you were writing in an e-mail and even downloads in progress.
Firefox Offline Installer Features
Like numerous other major net browsers, Mozilla Firefox Offline Latest Version has actually taken on an useful synchronization attribute. You can integrate your searching so you could access your past history, passwords, bookmarks as well as more on your desktop computer or mobile web browsers. It likewise has tabbed searching, permitting you to quickly navigate in between webpages in a solitary home window. You can reorder tabs, organize them right into customizable groups making use of the Scenic view function as well as do a redo function when you accidentally close them.
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Firefox Offline Installer is an ideal browser if you conduct study online. Mozilla has established virtual sticky notes, a feature one-of-a-kind to Firefox Offline Installer. You could add your personal notes to particular webpages and access them with the toolbar. You could additionally access your conserved book markings, archived scanning history and also pinned apps. The Pin as App Tab function allows you to save regularly visited sites, such as Facebook or your web-based email, as icons on the toolbar. This way, you could conveniently access them without opening a brand-new tab. You can additionally utilize exclusive surfing, a function that permits confidential and primarily confidential net searching, in a new tab or home window.
The browser's ingenious Smart Location Bar adapts to your usage and choices. This handy tool makes it very easy to return to web sites you have actually previously visited, even if you don't keep in mind the specific LINK. It also assists you locate sites based upon titles as well as material. Firefox Offline Installer additionally includes type auto-fill, a pop-up blocker, a password supervisor and also parental controls. One more wonderful attribute is the drag-and-drop functionality, which allows you to drag text or a link from anywhere on a websites and placed it directly right into your search bar. Firefox Offline Installer additionally includes an integrated PDF viewer, meanings you not have to open up PDF data in a separate program.
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Firefox Offline Installer has incorporated private browsing; you can conveniently enable and also disable the exclusive mode, scanning effortlessly in total privacy. Unlike with other web browser privacy modes, there is no noticeable icon or adjustment to the user interface when it's in personal mode.
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One of the most recent upgrade of Mozilla Firefox Offline Installer could look a little familiar if you're a Google customer, yet the simplicity of use and also rate places it somewhat over the top. In our assessment, Mozilla Firefox Offline Installer is the best internet web browser. It is a basic web browser that gives you the alternative of installing many add-ons for a much better, many more customized encounter. This web browser, which consistently did well, has actually undergone a number of improvements, leading it to end up being the leading internet browser software application.


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The Interaktiv line of plumbing fixtures boasts ceramic valve engineering, solid brass construction, anti-scald temperature control, and Hansgrohe's exclusive Boltic wobble-free handle security at budget prices. The versatile collection features five interchangeable handles ranging from the casually fun Metro (shown) to the elegantly contemporary Solaris. Hansgrohe, 800.719.1000; www.hansgrohe-usa.com.
off the shelf


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About 8,000 litres of the brightly-coloured liquid that Sunny D is made from leaked into part of the River Parrett in Bridgwater, Somerset.
Green watchdogs say the company that makes Sunny D may have to go to court if the leak has damaged the river.
Tuesday's spill, which happened because there was a leak in an underground storage tank, has now been cleaned up.
The liquid that turned the river yellow is usually mixed with a large amount of water to make the popular drink Sunny D, which used to be called Sunny Delight.


text:
Perceptual grouping of natural images for CBIR
Wardhani, Aster W. & Gonzalez, Ruben (1999) Perceptual grouping of natural images for CBIR. In Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, ISSPA'99. 22-25 August Brisbane, Australia, 22-25 August 1999.
|PDF (453kB)
In current developments of CBIR system, it is desirable to design a computer program that can index the content of an image automatically into a set of perceptually significant components. Results from existing image segmentation techniques are not sufficient to represent the content of an image. Further grouping is required to produce more meaningful segmentation. This paper describes our approach to implement Gestalt principles for region grouping. Results from image segmentation are further grouped into regions representing major components of image content.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
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|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Conference Paper
|Additional Information:
|Note: Aster Wardhani was based at Griffith University at the time of publication.
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES (080000) > ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IMAGE PROCESSING (080100) > Image Processing (080106)
|Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Faculty of Science and Technology
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 1999 IEEE and International Symposium Signal Processing and Application
|Copyright Statement:
|Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
|Deposited On:
|14 Mar 2005 00:00
|Last Modified:
|09 Jun 2010 12:23
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text: (A view from The Crown) 2012 was quite an interesting year. It was dominated by a lot of loud political discourse on blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and the like. And, in-person political discussions were frequently of the "heated" variety. In business, small business owners-including franchisors and some rather loud franchisees, jumped into the political fray…a […]Continue Reading


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These are the rules of Monopoly Deal.
How to win
Be the FIRST player to collect 3 full property sets of different colors.
What the game is about
Monopoly Deal is all about collecting properties and stealing from your opponents! Use Action cards to charge rent, swap cards, demand birthday money and lots more. Make sure you put lots of money into your personal bank - and remember other players will steal from you too!
- Remove the 4 Quick Start cards from the pack and hand them out for reference.
- Shuffle the rest of the cards together and deal 5 to each player, face down.
- Look at your cards, but keep them a secret!
- Put the remaining cards face down in the center to create the draw pile.
- Decide who goes first. Play continues clockwise.
On your turn
NOTE: The rule labeled 3 was moved to this point due to formatting issues.
- TAKE 2 CARDS from the draw pile and add them to your hand. Later in the game if you have no cards left, pick up 5 instead.
- PLAY UP TO 3 CARDS from your hand, onto the table in front of you. You don't have to play any cards if you don't want to. Play your 3 cards in any combination of the following: A, B, and/or C, in any order (see WHAT THE GAME LOOKS LIKE, below).
If you have more than 7 cards in your hand at the end of your turn (not including cards on the table) discard extras to the bottom of the draw pile so you only have 7. If you've run out of cards, take 5 at the start of your next turn.
A: Put Money/Bank cards into your own Bank
Players can charge each other for rent, birthdays etc. Build up a 'Bank' pile in front of you, using Money cards and/or Action cards.
- If you charge rent off a monopoly with a house, you CANNOT make the house money at any point unless the opposing player charges rent and you have used all the money in your bank pile.
- If you put an action card into your bank, it becomes redundant as an Action card for the rest of the game. If you use it to pay another player, it must go straight into their bank and cannot be used for its Action. However, if a player pays with a house/hotel, it can be placed on the opposing players' monopoly if they have one. Otherwise, the player has the option of placing it in their bank pile or waiting until they have a Monopoly to put it on.
- If a player has forgotten to receive 2 million from the bank after passing start, that player still get 2 million, but not after 3 Rounds have passed.
B: Put down Properties into your own collection
- Wild cards may be switched around when wanted, even if they are in a set! It is up to the group of players to decide if they want to count each of these moves as half turn or not because 3 or 4 cards can be moved in one turn to give one play an incredible advantage. This can only be done on that players turn.
C: Play Action cards into the center
- Action cards allow you to do things such as charge other players rent, steal their cards and demand money for your birthday!
- If you pick up an Action card on your turn, you can play it right away as one of your three cards or use it on a later turn.
- Action cards can also be put into your bank as money. The value is shown in the corner, in a red ring.
(See THE CARDS IN MORE DETAIL for more info).
IMPORTANT! How to pay other players
- Cards can NEVER go back to a player's hand.
- NEVER pay with cards from your hand, only from the cards in front of you.
- NEVER pay with property from full set.
- You can pay with cards from your bank, properties, or a combination of both. You choose how to pay - not the player you're paying!
- All cards on the table are subject to being stolen. Sly deals and forced deals cannot steal a card that is part of a full set, but they can steal any other card.
- Change is NOT given! For example, if a player charges you 2M rent and you only have a 3M card in your bank, you don't get change. Too Bad!
- If you pay with property cards, they must go into the other player's property collection.
- If you have no cards in front of you, you don't pay at all!
The Winner
The cards in more detail
Main article: Monopoly Deal#The Cards In More Detail


text:
As mentioned previously, uttering "xiexie" and "nihao" seem to automatically put you in the bracket of "fluent", meaning they're going to speak to you in a normal (read: fast) speed. So learning how to tell someone in Mandarin Chinese to "slow it down a bit" in this podcast just might save you from having to admit that you're actually not quite that fluent yet.
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Torio Away still a maiden after eight starts, but Mark Schmetzer has high hopes for his three-year-old.
The Oratorio gelding's best result is a runner-up finish at Hawkesbury two starts back in early June, a run Schmetzer says he had little luck in. The typically fast-finishing Torio Away hasn't raced past 1500 metres, but Schmetzer says the best will be seen of him over further.
The Canberra trainer hopes Torio Away will soon be ready for longer trips, and an appearance on Black Opal Stakes day next autumn is one target.
"I think he's gunna get 2000 metres, but he's not quite ready yet," Schmetzer said. "He probably will be a nice [Canberra] Cup horse when he's four or five years old.
"We like him a lot. He's got a lot of ability, he just doesn't know how to put it all together yet. He's probably still a couple of preparations away from being at his best. I think he should be racing in town at the end of his next prep or the prep after.
Torio Away's penchant for getting back and swooping late means he will always need luck in running.
"He's a very immature horse at the moment. Everyone that's ridden him has said that," Schmetzer said.
"It will do his confidence a world of good [to break through], but it's probably not even that. He probably just needs to have a couple of trouble-free runs. If you watch all his runs, he's been unlucky in about half of them. He's been just one of those horses that seems to find trouble."
Torio Away has shown potential in patches and has finished runner-up thrice, which along with his third gives him a 50 per cent placing rate for more than $12,000 in stakes. He was the equal favourite last time out on Tuesday in a Kembla Grange maiden. However, despite drawing plenty of attention from punters, he never fired a shot and finished second last of 14 runners. Schmetzer says he will freshen him up for a month or more.
"He didn't really travel on Tuesday as well as he had before then," he said. "That run took it out of him a bit. We had to put him out the next day … He'll come back when the tracks are probably a little bit dryer."


text:
Xylitol Packets, Pure
Product Description
- No Artificial Sweetener
- Aspartame-Free
- 40% Less Calories Than Sugar
- Low Carb Product
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is naturally present in small amounts in various fruits and vegetables. The Finnish name for Xylitol is "koivusokeri", or birch sugar, a reference to the extraction of Xylitol from birch bark. NOW® Pure Xylitol is derived from a Non-GMO corn source. Considerable amounts of Xylitol is formed in the body every day as a result of normal metabolic processes. Although it is classified as a carbohydrate, this sweet crystalline substance is slowly absorbed from the digestive tract and does not cause rapid rises in blood glucose. In addition, the caloric impact of Xylitol is typically about 40% lower than other carbohydrates, making it a healthy addition to any diet. Discovered simultaneously by French and German chemists in 1891, Xylitol has been safely used since the 1970's as an ingredient in gums and candies. Dentists and Nutritionists alike encourage the use of Xylitol due to its unique and clinically proven dental benefits. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that cannot be utilized by bacteria in the mouth. Xylitol...a safe alternative for your sweet tooth.
Available Quantities
Available Quantities
Suggested Usage & Storage
Mix one packet with your coffee, tea or sprinkle on foods.
For best results, simply replace each 1/2 teaspoon of sugar with 1 convenient (Xylitol packet to enjoy the reduced calorie sweetness that nature intended.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Diarrhea may occur with excessive consumption. If this happens, reduce intake or discontinue use.
Xylitol is safe for people, but harmful to dogs. Do not feed to pets.
Ingredients & Nutrition
|Serving Size:
|1 Packet (2.04 g)
|Servings Per Container:
|Amount per Serving
|% Daily Value
|* Percent Daily Values are based on 2,000 calorie diet.
† Daily Value not established.
|Calories from Fat
|Total Fat
|0 g
|0 mg
|Total Carbohydrate
|2 g
|< 1%
|0 g
|Sugar Alcohol
|2 g
|0 g
Suggested Use: Mix one packet with your coffee, tea or sprinkle on foods.
Ingredients: Xylitol and Silica.
Contains no: salt, starch, yeast, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, shellfish, preservatives, artificial colors, artificial flavors, or artificial sweeteners. Vegetarian/Vegan Product.
Caution: Diarrhea may occur with excessive consumption. If this happens, reduce intake or discontinue use.
Note: Xylitol is safe for people, but harmful to dogs. Do not feed to pets.
Store in a cool, dry place.


text: In the 1870's, while a teenager, Julius , known to my father and grandfather as "Uncle Jule", disobeyed his father, by firing a gun in the barn that had he had been told to leave alone. His father is my great great grandfather, Charles Rothrock, listed here as the head of the family. Fearing his father's wrath, Julius ran away, and was never heard from again by anyone in the immediate family until the 1930's, when he appeared at the doorstep of my Grandfather Rominger's house. Although very young at the time, my father still remembers the stranger at the door. As it turned out, Julius had moved to Virginia, changed his name to Fry, (Frey), which had been his mother's maiden name. (Lydia Frey.) To this day, his direct descendants go by the surname of Fry.


text:
KIM WHITE Auto Fabric Zip Pouch
These pouches are made from 70's and 80's car upholstery. "...Classic auto fabric was made with waterproof backing, so these small unlined bags are perfect for cosmetics...". I'd like the one in the front.
These trucks are handmade in Los Angeles. They run $75-100K so they're on the pricier side but they are solid quality and they have that classic look.Tags: cars, autos, Jeep, handmade, icon truck, handmade truck, icon jeep, offroad vehicleAdded 8 Years Ago from Icon4x4


text:
Hidden Lake Heaven
|[ Sizes: Orig | Large | Med | Small | Thumb ]
Reynolds Mountain to the left and the Dragon's Tail to the right of the photo. Bearhat is out of the frame farther to the right.
Glacier National Park, MT, August 2009.
[ Post a Comment ]
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Reynolds Mountain (MT) (Mountain/Rock)
The Levitator's Image Gallery
Glacier National Park, MT (Area/Range)
Image Data
Image ID: 590878
Hits: 1892
Object Title: Hidden Lake Heaven


text:
Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Aiutaci: queste pornostar appaiono in questo video?
Pornstar Name:
Well, they weren't crotchless until they ripped a hole in the panties, lol.
k perra la mjor culiandomi numero es verga lo chupas
bellissima...gran bella figa
Fucking a woman in pantyhose is so hot. my wife wears pantyhose everyday, and I fuck her in them all the time.
I would suck her panel.
uff que buena cogida..
Too bad the audio sucks cause this would be a hot clip.
They sped the scene up.. Lame
Where are the links to download file?
This is Intense.
oh my fucking god
very good
i love a latina who can fuck like that come do it to me sexy
I love fucking a woman in pantyhose! Dan you a lucky man!
Faster, Harder, SCOOOTER... =p
Some errors occurred, please try again later


text:
February 26, 2005
BRUNSWICK, ME - The fifth-seeded Amherst College men's hockey team suffered a 6-4 NESCAC Championship Tournament quarterfinal loss at fourth-seeded Bowdoin College on Saturday. Four different players found the net for the Jeffs, who finish their season at 13-10-2, while Bowdoin improved to 16-5-3 and advances to the conference semifinals next weekend.
The host Polar Bears opened up a 2-0 lead in the opening frame and stretched it to 3-0 2:32 after the first intermission on a goal by James Gadon. Amherst rookie forward Kyle Schoppel (Cambridge, Ontario) finally put the Jeffs on the board 4:53 into the second, but Bowdoin answered with three more scores to build a 6-1 lead over the following eight minutes. Amherst rookie defenseman Michael McIntosh (Soldotna, AK) lit the lamp in the closing seconds of the second, and the Jeffs continued to rally in the third with goals from junior A.J. Greco (Williamsville, NY) and sophomore Sean Ellis (Springfield, MA) but couldn't overcome the deficit.
Amherst sophomore goalie Josh Fillman (Charlestown, MA) finished with 23 saves, while junior goalie George Papachristopoulos collected just 17 for Bowdoin.
Box Score


text:
|Hippodrome at Night
Many motorists parking their cars in the multi-storey car park in St Giles Street are not aware that the building previously occupying the site was a theatre of grand design.
The theatre was designed by W G R Sprague and based on many other theatres being built at the turn of the 1900's. With its ornate internal decoration and a very formal exterior, the new building was named on the plans as the New Grand Theatre but by its opening it had been named The Grand Opera House. The other major theatre in Norwich at this time was the Hippodrome in Theatre Street.
The new house would be able to accommodate 1836 people, 200 in the Stalls, 800 in the Pit, 120 in the Dress Circle, 200 in the Family Circle and 500 in the Gallery [or the Gods as we know it]. There was room for a further 16 people in four boxes. It was built on the site of the Norfolk Hotel, the freehold of which was bought in 1898 by a syndicate of investors for £9,500. The vacant, cleared site was then sold in 1902 to Fred Morgan, the manager of the Theatre Street building known as the Hippordrome. Morgan then hired Sprague, Britain's 'youngest theatrical designer, with more London houses to his credit than any other man in the same profession,' to design his new theatre. Several of Sprague's London theatres still survive but none of his Music Halls.
The Grand Opera House opened its doors for business as an Opera and Play House on the 3rd of August 1903 with a musical play The Country Girl. In the first year patrons were entertained by prominent artists such as Mrs Brown Potter, F R Benson and Florence Smithson.
The public entrance to the Grand Opera House was set back from the street to allow carriages to deliver and collect the patrons. Inside there were bars and crush rooms, before access to the opulent auditorium which was surrounded by gilded angels and cherubs on walls and balcony fronts, whilst the proscenium arch had at its top a mural over its entire width with the city coat of arms in the centre. The stage door entrance and scenery dock were both approached via Upper Goat Lane.
By the end of the first year it began to falter as an Opera and Play house and after negotiations between Morgan and the owners of the Hippodrome, Messrs Bostock & Fitt, it was agreed to swop. This resulted in the St Giles Street building being re-named the Hippodrome and the Theatre Street building became the Theatre Royal. The presentations at both buildings also changed, the Hippodrome became a variety house whilst the Theatre Royal took over the play style presentations. In 1906, when the theatre could seat eleven hundred and was described as 'cool and ventilated', the Hippodrome Bioscope depicted 'San Francisco in Ruins'.
Variety shows continued until 1930 during which time many of the popular performers of the time visited the Hippodrome . The Norwich Amateur Operatic Company also became a regular user of the facility with shows like Maritana and The Yeoman of the Guard.
Between both world wars, some of the greatest names in entertainment, such as Charles Chaplin, Marie Lloyd, and Gracie Fields, performed on the Hippodrome stage. In September of 1930 a deal was struck with A B C cinema's to take over the building to show films. These were to continue until 1937. During this period theatregoers were deprived of live entertainment at the other major venue when a fire destroyed the Theatre Royal in 1934. It did not re-open until September 1935.
In August 1937 the Hippodrome closed as a cinema and re-opened as a 'live' theatre in the September.
Presentations at this time were now heavily biased towards revue rather than straight forward variety. This increased the number of visiting artistes per week. By the time the war broke out these artistes were finding that the Sunday change of venue around the country much more difficult due to interrupted public transport.
In April 1942 the Hippodrome received a direct hit from the bombing when the manager, his wife and the trainer of a group of sea lions were killed. The damage sustained caused the theatre to be closed for essential repairs until August, although the gallery would not be re-opened until many years later.
By the early 1950s it was again a popular venue for variety artists such as Max Miller, Morecambe and Wise, and the Goons but in order to attract audiences the management included semi-nude displays as part of the weekly bill.
There was also a yearly, traditional Christmas Pantomime when people would queue outside for a seat in 'the gods' - the uncomfortable, prickly upholstered benches situated at the sides of the upper balcony. Even in those austere post-war days, the Hippodrome décor was fascinating and luxurious, with gilded cupids and plush boxes. It must have been very opulent indeed in the early 1900s.
With the advent of television theatre audiences were declining, and by the end of the decade it became a struggle to remain open. By April 1958 the building had undergone the long awaited war damage repairs, and for the re-opening it had been decided to make the building a repertory house and re-name it the Norfolk Playhouse. The re-launch was not a success and in June 1959 repertory finished and a For Sale or to Let sign went up. There were various attempts to keep the theatre going; in November Robert Harvey took over, returning the building to being the Hippodrome and opening it once again as a cinema. Except for one further live show the Hippodrome continued as a cinema until 27th April 1960 when the management informed the staff the building was to close.
The old building gradually fell into disrepair, standing empty and vandalised. It was demolished in 1964, making way for St. Giles Multi-storey Car Park, which opened two years later.
Although many people would say that such a thing should never have happened, the support for live entertainment was at this time very low and as a business it could not survive. So motorists remember when you park you could be on the stage where singers, comedians, jugglers, musicians and balancers all plied their trade and as you leave the car you might well hear the ghost of a ventriloquist reminding you to pay before you leave.
Thanks to Shirley Wigg and Keith Goodwin for this article


text:
Dr. Vishwajith S.m. Murthy
Sleep Medicine
Treatment of Sleep Disturbance
Sleep Study
Asthma Management Program
Management of Smoking Cessation
Oxygen Therapy Treatment
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment
Lower/Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment
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Suffering from fever and tonsils from 2 days .I taken paracetamol and moxikind625 .fever is gone but still suffering from tonsils and sore throat. I am also taking Gargle with warm salt water.
I am 6 mnth pregnant.in cough n cold situation when we sneeze loudly. Did it effect the baby. please say I am suffering frm cough n cold.
Hi sir, muj ko saas laine bhot problem hoti h bhot dawai le cuki koi aram ni h btao kaise theek hogi m.
Sir/ madam I have no problem but from a month I'm concentrating on my breathing why I'm too bothered about my breathing I know that it is natural but why.
From yesterday (21/07/2017) onwards sometimes my cough has red blood colour. Why is it? Is this symptom of severe disease?
Somewhere written that dementia patient cannot take qutan 100 mg tablet because it increases heart disease like heart failure or breathing problem or happens sudden death. I want to known your opinion or suggestions about qutan. It should be given or not to dementia patient Please reply as soon as possible.
I have asthma. I have problem in my lungs. My lungs are hyperinflated and also my bronchovascular marking are increased .please help me and suggest me how can I prevent this problem. Is inhalers are best to use everyday? Is that levolin inhaler steroid? Is there any side effect of steroid?
Is there any side effects of levolin inhaler. I have asthma. Please help me how can I prevent and get relief from asthma permanently.
What are side effect of levolin inhaler? I am suffering from asthma can you help me how to get relief from asthma?
I have sinus problem which make very uncomfortable to stay and continue cough and itching on ears and nose get blocked every time.
I tested hiv (anti body and anti gen) 1 month 1.5 month 3 month 4 month 4.5 month and last 7 month (result all test negative) I am now secure or not?
I'm having a dry throat since last 10 days. No other symptoms, no pain, just dry throat. Dryness eases whenever I have water and arises after 30 min-1 hour of last water intake.
Mera gala me balgam girta rehta hai. Bar bar ma issse bahot tang ho gya hu. muje koi isska ilaz batao.
Sinusitis or sinus infections can be quite a debilitating ailment when it becomes recurrent. Sinuses are cavities within our head just behind the nose which extends up to our forehead and to certain areas of the cheeks. These cavities are filled with a mucosal lining which helps you breathe and also filters the air which goes to the lungs. When the mucosal lining gets inflamed, it blocks the normal drainage of the mucus into the nose. This results in headaches, nasal polyps and general discomfort. Homeopathy offers some great remedies for this condition, without side effects. Some of these are discussed below.
Homeopathic remedies for sinus problems
- Belladonna: This medication is very effective when the sinusitis has resulted in a suppressed discharge from the nose which occurs intermittently. If you have a splitting headache which feels unbearable, Belladonna can help relieve the symptoms quickly. If the infection of the sinus has spread to the throat and results in cough, Belladonna can be equally effective in those circumstances as well.
- Pulsatilla: If you are experiencing a greenish mucosal discharge from your nose without a painful burning sensation within it, Pulsatilla can be a very effective cure. Another indication where this medication is very effective is when you have headaches centered just above your eyes rather than over the forehead or other parts of your face.
- Kali Bichrome: This is another commonly prescribed medication to deal with the symptoms of sinusitis as well as to reduce inflammation and cure sinusitis altogether. If you have a lot of mucosal discharge that drops into your throat along with discharges through the nose, Kali Bichrome is the drug to go to. Other indications where it is effective are pain and heaviness in the nose and the inability to breathe with headaches in and around the eyes.
- Silicea: If you are feeling cold and constantly chilly along with nasal stuffiness, Silicea is the medication to go to. Along with discharges, your nose may form hard mucous crusts within it. Trying to manually remove these crusts may also cause bleeding. Silicea will reduce these symptoms and is also effective in reducing a headache which occurs mostly on the left side of your face.
- Merc Sol: If you are experiencing a yellowish green discharge from the nose along with a burning sensation and increased saliva secretion in your mouth, Merc Sol is the remedy to turn to. It is also effective wherein the headache has spread all around the head.
Sir. I am addicted to smoke too much. And Now I am suffering from cold and cough ver much. .so sir what can I do now?
Hello sir I had anal sex 5 year ago I am not know HIV status of my partner About 3 month ago I had tonsillitis so I take antibiotics for 1-2 month and after antibiotics course I have been oral thrush and dry tongue till now I tested for HIV rapid test 2 times and EIA +P24 TEST 2 TIME its all test are negative in last three month I have been so depressed about 3 month depression and antibiotics can cause of oral thrush? And please tell me these test are conclusive or not Is after 5 year any chance of antibody false negative please help me.
Asthma is a condition characterized by wheezing and difficulty in breathing. Asthma is a common disease that affects children, teenagers and adults alike. Depending on what triggers an asthmatic attack, asthma can be categorized as four types. These are:
- Allergic asthma: This sort of asthma usually begins in childhood and is caused by the overproduction of immunoglobulins as a reaction to the allergen. This type of asthma can also be passed on from one generation to another through genes.
- Infective asthma: This is caused by viral bronchial or upper respiratory tract infections. It is not hereditary.
- Emotional asthma: Some cases of asthma can be triggered by psychological factors such as stress, grief or anxiety. However, it is not clear if this is the sole trigger for asthma.
- Occupational asthma: Exposure to metallic dusts, biological detergents, polyurethane, etc. can also trigger asthmatic attacks. This type of asthma is called occupational asthma.
A homeopath will not only determine the type of asthma, but will also delve into a detailed medical history of the patient before prescribing medication. Some forms of homeopathic medication that can be used to treat asthma are:
- Lpecac: This is used to treat asthma in cases where the difficulty breathing is accompanied by a feeling of heaviness over the chest, dyspnoea, constant coughing with no expectoration and cold perspiration. It is often aggravated by motion.
- Arsenicum: Asthmatic attacks that begin in the middle of the night and are accompanied by restlessness and anguish can be treated with arsenicum. This is especially beneficial in cases of chronic asthma in elderly people and habitual dyspnoea.
- Nux vomica: This is used mainly to treat asthmatic attacks triggered by gastric troubles or be excessive intake of coffee and alcohol. A constricted feeling around the lower part of the chest is another symptom of this type of asthma.
- Kali bichromicum: Asthmatic attacks that wake a patient up in the wee hours of the morning compelling him to sit up, in order to be able to breathe can be treated with Kali bichromicum. A stringy yellow mucus expectoration is another symptom of this type of asthma. It can also be used as an effective form of treatment for asthmatic attacks caused by nervousness.
- Natrum sulphuricum: This is used to treat asthmatic attacks caused by a change in weather. In such cases, the asthmatic attack is accompanied by diarrhea and greenish expectoration. It is usually worst in the early mornings. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Homeopath.
Tuberculosis refers to an infectious disease associated with the lungs, which is mostly caused by bacteria. There are two types of tuberculosis, that are pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There are various types under each type of tuberculosis. Here are some the possible treatments for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
What is pulmonary tuberculosis?
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a type of disease in which bacteria invade your lungs. It is possible that the bacteria in your lungs could kill you. However, fortunately if you have been taking the right medicines for your bacterial infection you can get cured immediately. The name of the bacteria which causes tuberculosis is known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can attack other parts of the body as well. When this happens, it is known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
What is extra-pulmonary tuberculosis?
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is when tuberculosis affects in parts of the body other than the lungs. There are many parts of the body which tuberculosis can affect, including the lymph nodes, nervous system as well as the bone and joints. Luckily, it is easily curable.
Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis
Firstly, it is worth noting that latent tuberculosis has no symptoms and there is no way you can pass it to another person either. However, it is still crucial that you take treatment for it. If you do not complete your treatment, then your tuberculosis will progress to a very dangerous form of tuberculosis. This is known as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is sometimes abbreviated as MDR TB. There are plenty of medicines which people are recommended to cure tuberculosis. These include:
- Isoniazid
- Rifampin
- Ethambutol
- Pyrazinamide
Treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis has pretty much the same symptoms as pulmonary tuberculosis. This is because extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the exact same disease which occurs to the patient, it is just that it affects a different body part. Therefore, the exact treatment recommended for pulmonary tuberculosis can be used to cure extrapulmonary tuberculosis.


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This is a recording of a previous webcast presentation. Please click the "Play" button in the center of the screen to watch and listen to the presentation.
Listen to a previously recorded Administrative Fellow Webcast.


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11/17/2009 - HICKAM AIR FORCE BASE, Hawaii (AFNS) -- Airmen aboard C-17 Globemaster IIIs from Hickam AFB transported dolphins from the Navy Marine Mammals Program in San Diego, Calif., to Noumea, New Caledonia, Nov. 8 to locate and dispose of more than 200 contact mines that were leftover from World War II.
The active-duty and Reserve C-17 aircrew from Hickam AFB helped deliver the dolphins for Lagoon Minex 2009, a humanitarian project in which U.S. forces along with French, Australian and New Zealand military will work together Nov. 9 to 20 to locate and dispose of the World War II mines.
The dolphins are integral to the exercise because of their biological sonar capabilities. They are used for underwater surveillance and mine detection, location, marking and recovery.


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Jennifer Lopez Debuts New Music Video for "I Luh Ya Papi" - Watch Here!
Hitting the music scene with a hard new release, Jennifer Lopez just debuted the brand new music video for her song, "I Luh Ya Papi."
The 44-year-old songstress' performance features "Ain't Worried About Nothin" rapper French Montana, and launched during tonight's (March 13) episode of "American Idol."
Releasing the video as part of her tenth studio album, Jennifer shows off her fantastic dance moves in tropical locales, on boats, and alongside sexy, chiseled male models!
Watch Jennifer Lopez's "I Luh Ya Papi" music video below, and tell us what you think about it on our Facebook and Twitter pages!


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Brian Kline and Dan Scherer - "Striker"
Brian Kline and Dan Scherer - "Striker"
Premiere date: Sep 08, 2012
Writer Daniel Scherer and Writer/Director Brian Kline take you where few dare to go in the world of rock music, the bowling alley! Daniel Scherer delivers the performance of a lifetime as Warrior Squadron's frontman Danny "Striker" Scherer while Watertown, WI bowling legend, Bruce Martin's performance as Mr. X is equally, if not more memorable then the self-proclaimed Striker! Watch as the long time rivalry between Mr. X and Striker finally comes to a head in an epic and extremely satisfying showdown that has never been experienced in the bowling universe.
Brian Kline|Brian's hometown is Watertown, WI but he has lived in the Madison area since the early 90's.
Music and video production have both been a part of his life since he was very young. He learned piano at the age of 3, and later moved onto guitar and drums. When he was 8 years old his family bought a camcorder and he showed considerable interest and promising talent in video. He spent his teenage years and into his 20's forming bands and moving from one project to another, but none took off beyond a local level.
At the age of 20 he bought a house and immediately started turning the basement into a recording studio with the help of his friends. He's been fine tuning his skills as a music producer over the last 10 years. In the early 2000's he started making a name for himself going by the online name of Sonic Clang, creating music for games.
His biggest success thus far came in 2004 when he joined an international team of game developers brought together to remake the original game, Doom, in the Doom 3 engine. This modification, or mod for short, was named Classic Doom 3. Brian's task was to remake all of the original 8-bit midi music with real instruments. After 9 hard months of work his part was done, but the rest of the team still had considerable work to do so he lent his skills towards recording voice actors and sound effects for the intro cinematic. The mod was released to critical acclaim in the gaming community. Due to community demand, he soon released the soundtrack separately from the mod. Since their release in 2005, neither the mod nor the soundtrack has dropped out of the "Top 10 downloads this week" section on d3files.com.
In 2006 he dove into wedding videography. This gave him an outlet for his creativity in video production, but after 5 years he's decided to move on.
In 2008 he had a daughter with his wife (now divorced) and he has refocused his life on being the best father possible for his daughter.
Daniel Scherer|Daniel Scherer, born and raised in Watertown, Wis., thrived on creative endeavors at a very early age. Growing up he spent his free time drawing, painting and writing. When Dan was eight, childhood friends, Paul and Brian Kline, got a camcorder, which became an exciting new outlet for Dan's creativity. Brian carried the camera everywhere and Dan had no problems doing whatever he could to be entertaining on video.
In high school Dan continued developing his drawing and painting skills, which became his main focus until discovering a love for music when Paul and Brian needed a bass player for their band and decided Dan that should join. The Klines bought Dan a bass guitar and literally forced him to learn to play it. Through intense listening sessions, he learned the bass lines that had sent fireworks of emotion though his entire being. Dan had heard these songs before but never really listened to them, his full attention on every note. This experience ensured that music would become a pivotal part of his future. Also during this time, Brian became more serious about the quality of his videos and he and Dan began writing sketch comedy.
Starting in 1997, Dan attended UW-Whitewater and graduated in 2001with a BA in Graphic Design and a minor in advertising. While at Whitewater, he continued playing in bands and writing music with Brian Kline. In the mid 2000s, Dan and Paul Kline started writing joke songs for fun. Over the course of a few years, Dan had written lyrics for around eight songs, which started feeling like more than just a joke to him. In 2010 he decided it was time to perform one of these songs live as a participant in a singing contest. The song was "Striker", a comedy rock epic about love, war and bowling, well, mostly bowling. Confident from the positive reaction to his new song, Dan enlisted Brian


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Date: 7/13/2006
Title: City Hall, 2nd Floor, Meeting Room 1 - 165 Church Street
Description: Civilian Review Board MeetingJuly 13, 2006City Hall, 165 Church StreetMeeting Room 1The meeting was called to order by Shirley Wayne Washington at 6:05 p.m.A. Rollcall by Mary E. Blair. 11 Present 3 Absent 2 VacanciesB. Approval of AgendaMotion to approve agenda made by Robert Spirito; seconded by Barbara Carroll; motion carried unanimously.C. Approval of MinutesMotion to approve the June 8, 2006 meeting minutes was made by Mary E. Blair; seconded by Ann Tramontana; motion carried unanimously.D. Coordinator's Report Motion to approve the Coordinator�s Report was made by Ann Tramontana; seconded by Sarah McIver; motion carried unanimously. E. Open Floor Three new Board members were introduced: William Bixby representing the Dwight Management Team , Kathleen Smith-Bogan representing Dixwell Management Team, and Maureen O�Sullivan of the Quinnipiac East Management Team. Lieutenant Pat Redding, OIC of Internal Values & Ethics introduced himself and responded to questions.F. Unfinished Business Secretary Mary Blair swore in the new members. There was discussion on �I� case review.Barbara Carroll initiated �forum� discussion.G. Subcommittee ReportsShirley Wayne-Washington spoke about last TASCA meeting and the Democracy School. The confirmed dates for the Citizens� Academy are August 16 - October 11, 2006. Discussion regarding ridealongs; upcoming NACOLE conference.Evelise Ribeiro gave a report on BOPC activities. The next BOPC meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, July 18th, at 8:00 a.m.There were no cases to review.H. New BusinessMaureen O�Sullivan is the newly-appointed representative for Quinnipiac East.Motion to adjourn made by Sarah McIver; seconded by Robert Spirito; motion carried unanimously.11 Present 3 Absent 2 Vacancies Mary Blair Robin Hobson NewhallvilleWilliam Bixby Easter Howard Board of AldermenBarbara Carroll Juanita Wright Catherine Gootkin Sarah McIver Maureen O�Sullivan Evelise Ribeiro Kathleen Smith-Bogan Robert Spirito Ann Tramontana Shirley Wayne Washington Staff: Reginald Thomas, Civilian Review Board Coordinator Guest:Lieutenant Patrick Redding, OIC, Internal Values & Ethics The next Civilian Review Board meeting is scheduled for 6:00 p.m. on Thursday, August 10, 2006, at the Main Branch Library, 133 Elm Street, in the Program Room (lower level).


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Dietary Fat
The recommendation from the National Cholesterol Education Program states that a cholesterol-reducing diet should contain less than 7% of calories from saturated fat and less than 200 mg of dietary cholesterol per day. What exactly does this mean? For a 2000-calorie diet, 7% corresponds to about 15 grams (about one tablespoon) of saturated fat, but to make sense of this information, you need to know the difference between "saturated", "monounsaturated", and "polyunsaturated" fatty acids. This is explained in the section on fats.
Saturated Fats are not only Animal Fats
Many people equate saturated fats with animal fats, but this is not correct. The fatty acid composition of lard (pork fat) is very similar to human depot fat around the waist and hips. Lard consists of approximately 42% saturated and 58% unsaturated fatty acids. Coconut oil, by contrast, consists of 83% saturated fatty acids. So, lard is better than coconut oil as far as saturation is concerned. However, lard contains 12 mg of cholesterol per tablespoon because it is an animal product, whereas coconut oil has no cholesterol because it is a plant product. Nevertheless, coconut oil will increase cholesterol twice as much as lard because it has double the amount of saturated fat. The comparison of the fatty acid profiles of many edible fats can be found in the chemical description of triglycerides. Saturated fats, whether from vegetable or animal sources, increase cholesterol.
Avoid Hydrogenated Fats
Hydrogenated fats and partially hydrogenated fats affect the body like saturated fats. Partially hydrogenated fats, in particular, contain dietary trans fats that raise the level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL or "bad cholesterol") increasing the risk of coronary heart disease. Trans fats also reduce high-density lipoproteins (HDL or "good cholesterol"), and raise levels of triglycerides in the blood. Both of these conditions are associated with insulin resistance which is linked to diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Harvard University researchers have reported that people who ate partially hydrogenated oils, which are high in Trans fats, had nearly twice the risk of heart attacks compared with those who did not consume hydrogenated oils. Avoid any products with hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats. Learn to read labels carefully. Some of your favorite foods may have hydrogenated fats that increase your cholesterol.
Balancing Fatty Acids
The recommendation by government agencies and by the American Heart Association to reduce saturated fat and to increase polyunsaturated fat is based on research that describes how blood cholesterol is affected by fats. In 1965, Hegsted published the results of experiments on the quantitative effects of fatty acids on blood serum cholesterol.[4] The experiments showed that of all the fatty acids in food, only three affected the cholesterol level significantly. Myristic acid (C14:0) increased cholesterol strongly, and palmitic acid (C16:0) also increased cholesterol. Some saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid (C18:0), had relatively little effect on blood cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (C18:2), decreased cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol also increased blood cholesterol. The response of the human body to dietary fats is so consistent that Hegsted was able to derive the following mathematical equation:
Where ΔTC is the change in serum cholesterol in mg/dL. ΔC14:0, ΔC16:0, and ΔPoly are the changes in %kcal.
ΔDietaryCholesterol is in mg/1000 kcal.
Mensink and Katan developed a similar equation based on a detailed analysis of published research[6]:
Where the ΔTC is the change in serum cholesterol values in mg/dL, ΔS is change in percentage of energy from lauric, myristic, and palmitic fatty acids, ΔM is change in energy from monounsaturated fatty acids, and ΔP is change in energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The chart above shows the effects of individual dietary fatty acids on Total Serum Cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol when 1% of the energy from carbohydrates in the diet is replaced by 1% of energy of the specific fatty acids. The chart shows cholesterol increases from lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0) which are found in coconut oil, palm oil, and butter. Elaidic acid (trans-C18:1), which is present in hydrogenated fats, is the worst because it increases LDL and decreases HDL. The saturated fatty acid stearic acid (C18:0), the monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1), and the polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) decrease LDL and increase HDL to various degrees.[14]
These equations and the chart tell us that blood cholesterol can be lowered by avoiding hydrogenated fats, decreasing carbohydrates, and increasing the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) while reducing our consumption of saturated fatty acids like myristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Furthermore, the equations make it possible to calculate the effect of various diets or oils on blood cholesterol levels. For example, one tablespoon of butter raises cholesterol as much as 3 tablespoons of lard. Whereas one tablespoon of grape seed oil lowers cholesterol to the same extent that 2 tablespoons of lard increases it. Olive oil does not lower cholesterol significantly because it consists mainly of monounsaturated fat. Polyunsaturated fats are more effective at lowering cholesterol. (See details for various fats). A good diet strategy would be to trim the fat from meats, and accompany the entrees with salads containing salad dressing made with grape seed oil. Safflower oil and sunflower oil can be substituted for the grape seed oil, but only if they are not the "high oleic" variety. Make sure that the quantity of polyunsaturated fat in the label is at least 3 times greater than the monounsaturated fat, as illustrated here:
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are normally metabolized for energy or stored as glycogen in the muscles, but excess carbohydrates are converted to fat, mainly the saturated palmitic acid (C16:0). The metabolic process is known as de novo synthesis of fatty acids and it involves the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, and then to fatty acids through acetyl coenzyme-A (acetyl CoA).
Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
People on low-fat diets or with plenty of "healthy" monounsaturated fats from olive oil and avocados are sometimes surprised that their cholesterol level is high even though they consume enough fiber and limit their sources of saturated fats and dietary cholesterol. In these cases, cholesterol levels are elevated because the diet does not have polyunsaturated fats to balance the cholesterolemic effect of the palmitic acid created from carbohydrates. Adding sources of polyunsaturated fats to the diet like sunflower seeds, walnuts, or grape seed oil and reducing excessive use of saturated and monounsaturated fats provides the fatty acid balance necessary to normalize cholesterol. Linoleic acid (C18:2), an omega-6 essential fatty acid, and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3), an omega-3 essential fatty acid, must be included in the diet because the human metabolism cannot create them from other fatty acids.
Mensink and Katan developed equations that calculate the changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels caused by isocaloric exchanges of carbohydrates and fatty acids.[6]
The changes (Δ) are in milligrams per deciliter. Expressions in parentheses denote the percentage of daily energy intake from carbohydrates that is replaced by saturated (sat), cis-monounsaturated (mono), or polyunsaturated (poly) fatty acids.
These equations tell us that triglycerides (TG) can be reduced, and HDL can be increased, by reducing carbohydrates in the diet while increasing fats by an equal number of Calories. However, LDL can only be lowered by decreasing the amount of saturated fat relative to the mono- and polyunsaturated fat. The most favorable lipoprotein risk profile for coronary heart disease can be achieved if saturated fatty acids are replaced by unsaturated fatty acids, with no decrease in total fat intake.
Alcohol consumption raises HDL
The observation that moderate alcohol intake is associated with lower atherosclerosis risk gave rise to the term "French Paradox", which refers to the fact that the French suffer a lower incidence of coronary heart disease than Americans, despite consuming relatively more saturated fats. Research suggests that moderate drinkers are less likely to suffer heart attacks than abstainers or heavy drinkers. Alcohol consumption raises HDL cholesterol levels by increasing the transport rate of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II.[13] The equivalent of one shot glass of vodka per day increased HDL cholesterol concentration by 18% compared with the control, and the amount of alcohol consumed correlated with the degree of increase in HDL.
Choosing your foods to reduce LDL
Although your overall cholesterol can be lowered by adding polyunsaturated fats to your diet and decreasing carbohydrates, it is possible for your Total Cholesterol to be normal while your LDL is elevated. Examination of the equation for the change in LDL shows how this can be remedied:
Basically, LDL increases by a factor of 1.28 for every increase in saturated fat, while it decreases by factors of 0.24 and 0.55 for equal increases in monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat, respectively. This means that LDL can be lowered by reducing the dietary saturated fats and replacing them with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. The following table shows the content of saturated fat in various meat and dairy products. The beef and chicken are assumed to be broiled. Fish and skinless chicken breast are your best choices. The fish with the highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids are: mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna and salmon.
Saturated Fat
|T-bone trimmed to 1/8" fat
|T-bone trimmed to 0" fat
|Top Sirloin trimmed to 0" fat
|Thigh (skinless)
|Leg (skinless)
|Breast (skinless)
|White tuna packed in water
|1 pat of butter
|1 cup whole milk
Effect of Fiber
Bile is a digestive liquid produced by the liver consisting of bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and bilirubin. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and then released into the small intestine (the duodenum) to emulsify fats. The primary bile acids are chenodeoxycholic acid (45%) and cholic acid (31%). These bile acids are converted by intestinal bacteria to the secondary bile acids deoxycholate and lithocholate. Both primary and secondary bile acids are reabsorbed by the intestines and delivered back to the liver through the blood stream.
Fiber in the diet can lower blood cholesterol by binding with the components of the bile and preventing their reabsorption. Only soluble fiber has been shown to help lower blood cholesterol when regularly eaten as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Foods high in soluble fiber include oat bran, oatmeal, beans, peas, rice bran, barley, mangos, citrus fruits (including the pulp, not just the juice), strawberries and apple pulp. Dietary supplements with psyllium (Metamucil) or guar gum (Benefiber) also contain soluble fiber.
Insoluble fiber does not lower blood cholesterol, but it is important for normal bowel function. Foods high in insoluble fiber include whole-wheat breads, wheat cereals, wheat bran, beets, cabbage, carrots, Brussels sprouts, turnips, cauliflower and apple skin.
Dietary Cholesterol
One question that always comes up is: "Can I eat eggs?" Sources of dietary cholesterol do increase blood serum cholesterol, so they should be limited to reduce cholesterol. However, egg whites are a good source of protein and have no cholesterol. Only the yolks have cholesterol. The body responds to dietary cholesterol in approximately linear fashion. Each 1 mg/1000 kcal results in an increase of serum cholesterol of about 0.1 mg/dl. This means that eating one whole egg per day, which has approximately 210 mg of cholesterol, would increase serum cholesterol by approximately 8 mg/dl for someone eating 2500 Calories per day.