text:
Prohibited personnel practices are those things a Federal employee with personnel authority may not do. A Federal employee has personnel authority if they can take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action. This includes appointments, promotions, discipline, details, transfers, reassignments, reinstatements, or any decisions concerning pay, benefits, training, and any decision to order psychiatric testing or examination, . Recent changes to the law were made to protect Department of Defense veterans. A personnel action now also includes any significant change in duties, responsibilities, or working conditions which is inconsistent with the employees salary or grade. People with personnel authority -- managers and supervisors - are charged with avoiding prohibited personnel practices.
Avoiding prohibited personnel practices will not guarantee that you will never have to defend a decision or action, but it will give you a firm basis from which to start. You should remain conscious of:


text:
Around this time of year I start thinking about colors.
Fortunately for my stash, spring fabrics don't appeal to me too much. Anyway, this madness usually only lasts a few weeks. As soon as the flowers come out I go back to my gray and brown-loving ways.
Or maybe I never really escape them. Anyway, oil on paper seemed the perfect technique to catch these fleeting ideas. This is my take on spring.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(face AND back)
4' high x 3.2" wide x 3.7" deep
Makes an impressive sugar skull! Little children have success decorating this large-scale skull & adults have lots of space for elaborate decoration.
This skull is the size of a big grapefruit and weighs about a pound. Best for pre-3rd grade students (with developing dexterity skills). It takes much longer to make these blanks than the Original Medium.
Below - Large skulls are a 2-piece mold, and must be "scooped out" after they dry for 8 hours. See step-by-step sugar skull making recipes & instructions here.
Glass Sugar Skulls from Portland's Bullseye Glass Company made with our Original Large Sugar Skull Mold
Check out their online class to learn how to make these Day of the Dead (Glass) Sugar Skull
"For our Day of the Dead skull, we'll use granules of glass instead. The process involves packing a refractory mold with granules of glass and gum arabic. Before firing, the packed glass is back-filled with talc powder to keep it in place. The resulting piece will have a sugary appearance. But though it looks delicate, this is in fact a strong and long-lasting object."
Un-decorated large skulls, 4" high x 3.2" wide x 3.7" thick
Softball size, (full face & back)
W3516LG $9 each
Party Pack - One dozen
W3516LDZ $96.90/dozen
Mexican Sugar Skull™ and Sugar Skull Mold™
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text:
Eugene Chung, CEO
Eugene Chung is a film director and the founder of Penrose, a startup focused on augmented and virtual reality. Previously, Eugene was Head of Film & Media at Oculus VR, which was later acquired by Facebook for $2 billion. While at Oculus, Eugene co-created Story Studio, bringing together storytellers and artists from Pixar. Prior to Oculus, he was with New Enterprise Associates and Pixar Animation Studios. He holds degrees from UC Berkeley and Harvard.
Jimmy Maidens, Chief SCIENTIST
Jimmy is a veteran CG filmmaker, having served as a technical lead and artist at Dreamworks for over 12 years on films such as the Shrek and Madagascar series. As a true CG generalist, Jimmy has wide expertise in multiple areas including lighting, modeling, animation, FX, coding, scripting rendering and concept art. Jimmy has been a VR enthusiast for most of his life, and has amassed a large VR headset collection over several decades.


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There are numerous things to consider when choosing a rental company. Others may say and think that it is a simple and easy task, but in fact, it is a difficult process. First of all, one must locate a charter company that is reputable and trust-worthy. Ask your friends or your family members for their suggestion or you can also look in the computer for reviews regarding charter companies. Once you have decided on a corporation, you should ask them for documents like safety records, operating certificate, and insurance just to name a few. In addition, it is also important to ask the company how often their pilots get simulator training. In that way, you can be assured that your life, and those who will ride with you in the private jet plane to an airport, is in good hands. It is still better to be safe than sorry.
More and more companies are buying part ownership of a jet. It is almost like buying into a time share program. They own up to one fourth of the plane. They are allowed a certain amount of hours to use the plane. They help pay for expenses and upkeep on the plane. It is the perfect solution for many businesses and corporations who have employees who need to travel to an airport. It can be convenient and cost conscious all at the same time. These planes can be bare bones or luxury planes. It will depend on the needs of the clients. Many times they are converted commercial jets. At one time they were used by a commercial airline, but have been sold to be used privately. For the business who could benefit from this type of service, it is certainly an excellent option. Private jets are the best way for business people to get to their destination on time and stress free.
When it comes to travelling, there's no quicker and more comfortable way than with private jets! Don't think that they are just for the wealthy and famous anymore, wither. These days, you don't have to buy one, you can even charter one for all of your travel needs. Whether you are travelling alone or in a small group, it is much more convenient to travel by way of private jets. You won't have to stand in those long lines at the airport or deal with the hassle of checking your baggage in, either. Private jets are a little more costly, but worth your peace of mind! The next time that you have to take a flight for business or vacation to an airport, think about the option of private jets. You will find your trip quicker and more pleasurable.
Being able to travel a private jet can turn a simple trip into one of extravagance. The problem is not everyone can purchase their own private jet; however, you always have the option of chartering a private jet toan airport to turn that trip into one of luxury. By chartering private planes for your traveling needs to eliminate waiting in the long lines at the airport and having to be sandwiched between other people. You will no longer be shoving into others trying to store your carry-on suitcases in that tight overhead compartment. Instead, imagine boarding you own private jet that affords you a seat of your own, a seat with breathing room and room to stretch your legs out. Make traveling more enjoyable and charter a private jet today.
Have you ever thought of hiring a private jet? Most folks do not feel this is an option, but for the few who do, it can be a very good selection. If you need to fly into an area that is not served by a commercial flight, you might want to consider a private aircraft. They can take you tp an airport and have you there at a specific time. No more long layovers in obscure airports for planes who are canceled or late. If you do not like to land at the airport only to realize it is a three hour drive by car to your destination, a private plane is for you. Private jets are comfortable and well equipped to serve you. Often you can request food and beverages any time you want. For the part of the general population that wants to travel in this manner, it is certainly an excellent choice. Private jets should be consider for people who want the best.
سسكسو بنات مع بعض, افضل انواع السكس العالمي, قصه.سكس.مع.الخدامه, ماقاطع سيكس عالميه, موقع سكس نيك, مواخرة طرية, علا سكس, نيك نساء من حيوانات, طريقة تنقل الحيو, " نياك رجال مع رجال ", صورخاصه بالكس المميز, نقصص يك في المواصلات, زب ب صور, كيف تصنع كس فى المنزل, سكس ايطالي بلمجان , موسيقى اللي في المطار, طيران محج قلعة, المسافر للخارج والذ متعه لنيك, طيارات الي سالزبورغ, شيمبو, أرقام الطرق في ولاية أركنسو, صور مطار دالاس بولايه تكساس, فورت براج, مطار دالاس التنفيذي, الطائرة الخفيفة, كم عدد مقاعد falcon 900b, جزيرة بانجاسينان, فيرفيلد, افضل الطائرات التجارية الصغيرة, carbondale ولاية


text:
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Survivor: Micronesia
Exclusive: Erik Reichenbach dishes on biggest 'Survivor' blunder ever
By Christopher Rocchio, 05/09/2008
Erik Reichenbach stands accused of being the "dumbest
ever," and he can't argue.
The 22-year-old student from Hell, MI gave his Individual Immunity to another castaway in an attempt at redemption and was promptly blindsided, becoming the
sixteenth castaway eliminated
: Micronesia -- Fans vs. Favorites during last night's penultimate episode of the CBS reality series' sixteenth season.
On Friday, Erik talked to Reality TV World about what led him to give the Individual Immunity necklace to Natalie Bolton; how competing against the Favorites "clouded" his strategy; why he thinks Natalie and Parvati Shallow's relationship is worth watching in the finale; what life lesson his blunder taught him; and how his plan of being a passive player ultimately betrayed him.
Reality TV World: Would you agree that what you did makes you the dumbest
I totally agree with that. That was really friggin dumb. I totally agree with that.
Reality TV World: At what moment did you decide that you were going to give Individual Immunity to Natalie? Was it something you decided before Tribal Council or as it was going on?
I definitely decided during the Tribal. I was thinking about it all the way up until, and then I decided during that Tribal.
Reality TV World: So what triggered the decision? Was it a specific comment?
It was a combination of things. First of all, it was what [the women] had all been doing earlier that day -- the talking. Then leading up to Tribal when everyone was pretty much saying the same things. It wasn't any one thing that stuck out.
Reality TV World: After you made the move what was going through your head as you saw the jury members laughing and looking shocked? Did you realize then that you had probably just secured your own jury seat?
To be honest, when I was making that decision I didn't want to look at anyone else for anything. I wanted to be able to make it myself -- to make the decision myself. So I wasn't looking at anybody, which was probably something stupid.
Reality TV World: You said it yourself -- "I should have known better." So why didn't you know better?
When Natalie first brought it up earlier in the day right after we got back [from the Individual Immunity Challenge], she told me the idea and I said, "That's the dumbest thing I've ever heard in my life." I walked away from her. But by the end of the day, she had me giving it up.
Natalie's very persuasive. There's no question. She was working her magic and I just fell for it. I was totally tricked.
Reality TV World: Even after you were blindsided you continued to gush about competing with the Favorites in your exit interview. Do you think that being star struck by the Favorites is ultimately messed up your strategy?
I think it did. I really do think it did. I took [the Favorites'] word -- obviously when you saw that I didn't send Natalie to Exile -- I took their word over hers. They were pretty much saying the same thing as Natalie and I believed them over her. They clouded my judgement. Earlier in the game it definitely clouded my judgement.
Reality TV World: After you were eliminated, you also noted you'd been played by some "sexy women." How big a factor do you think that was in what happened?
Erik: It was really a comment just about them in general -- and they're attractive. It was just a general statement. I didn't attribute it much to strategy.
Reality TV World: During your conversations with Natalie and Cirie Fields before Tribal Council, did you ever get the sense that you were being set up?
Yeah. I definitely had that thought. I took some time out to just kind of think things over and think how crazy this sounds. I was remembering what had happened with some different stuff, and I thought that it would have been beneficial to both Cirie and Natalie to help me with this.
I thought that it would advance them further because I would be allied with them, and I also knew that Parvati and [Amanda Kimmel] are pretty tight. They would never vote for each other -- they actually told everybody this, that they would never vote for each other.
I just thought it would be beneficial to [Natalie and Cirie] to keep me around in some kind of alliance because I thought that Cirie wouldn't go to the end because she's very likable and Natalie as well.
Reality TV World: So do you think Cirie and Natalie's decision will ultimately hurt them?
I definitely think it will. But they obviously weren't looking that far. They were looking at the girls alliance, and not realizing that within the girls alliance Parvati and Amanda were even closer.
Reality TV World: I'm assuming once you joined the jury you were the butt of numerous jokes by the other jury members. Is that correct?
[James Clement] thanked me for taking the
Ever" crown away from him. [Ozzy Lusth and Jason Siska] said I was pretty stupid. But what's funny is they were kind of more beat-up over making blunders than I was.
Reality TV World: How long did it take you to get over what happened?
I've been thinking about it ever since then, but it's my philosophy that you're better off laughing about it than crying about it. It's all said and done now. I can't really go back and change anything. At the time I totally fell for it, so that's the name of the game.
Reality TV World: Was it even more difficult to watch it unfold again last night and see how you perfectly fell for the women's plan?
(laughing) It was like watching a train wreck in slow motion... and I'm in the train.
Reality TV World: Throughout last night's episode, you expressed the importance of winning Individual Immunity on more than one occasion. So why was it that once you won it you allowed yourself to be swayed to give it up?
At the time, one of my major motivations was if I got to the end with girls next to me before I decided to change anything -- before I decided to play anything -- I felt like if there were girls next to me than they would get votes over me. Simply because there are more girls on the jury.
Reality TV World: Were you ever aware of the alliance that Parvati had formed with Natalie and Alexis Jones before the merge?
Actually no. That's one of the things that I attribute most of my failure to. I had no idea what Parvati was ever doing.
Reality TV World: Had you known about that, would you still have been so willing to trust Natalie?
Definitely not. Definitely not. Natalie was actually very close to Parvati and I had no idea they were that close. I never learned that until after the show.
Reality TV World: You seemed to understand you were gaining some importance in the tribe's decision making process since you had been winning Individual Immunity. Do you think that made you force the issue a little bit, just by coming up with so many different plans involving different people?
The interesting thing about that is that it wasn't even me doing that. It wasn't even me approaching them, they all approached me.
If you kind of look back at it, I played a very under-the-radar type of game. I pretty much was following [Joel Anderson] for the first part of the game, and then I followed Ozzy for a great deal of the game. I was pretty passive in my strategy.
Then all of a sudden I was in a position of power and I had to play aggressively. I had to play offensively. I hadn't done that the entire game. (laughing) I was no good at it. I just started to make big blunders, big mistake and I was terrible at it.
Reality TV World: Was being a passive player part of your strategy heading into the game?
To begin with it was. I wanted to be seen as a non-threat. I wanted to be seen as a low-level "I'm not going to kill you" guy. But towards the end of it I needed to be that.
Reality TV World: Why were you so focused on securing jury votes by needing to "redeem" yourself? As a long-time fan that'd seen unpopular players still manage to win their seasons, don't you think some of the jury members would have respected your game had you basically won-out when it came to Individual Immunity?
I did. I did think of that. I thought for sure that at least some of the other people who were really good at challenges -- like say James or Ozzy or Jason, basically the guys -- would see that. But I still thought because of the numbers, the girls wouldn't care. The girls would say, "No! Let's put that aside. You didn't even play the game. You didn't even have an alliance all the way to the end! You just kind of floated on immunities."
Reality TV World: Even when you made the decision, you seemed pretty unsure that it was Parvati who you wanted to send to Exile. I assume in hindsight you would have sent Natalie.
Reality TV World: What if she had recovered the idol? Are you confident you two would have worked together?
Yeah. I think so. I think the trust would have stayed there. The only thing that would put a doubt in my mind is knowing now that Natalie and Parv were so close. You'll see this in the next episode, how close they are. It's pretty weird.
Reality TV World: Did you ever entertain the idea of giving up the Reward Challengevictory trip and going to Exile Island and finding the re-hidden idol yourself -- do the rules allow that as an option?
That was allowed. [
host Jeff Probst] said you can do that if you want.
I didn't consider it, which was also very dumb of me because I could have given it away had I found it. But being out there and wanting to experience everything to the fullest, I took [the Reward] over Exile.
Reality TV World: Obviously you ended up getting eliminated, but did you enjoy the Reward?
Definitely. That was amazing. That was the best Reward out there I'm pretty sure.
Reality TV World: How were you cast for
: Micronesia
? Had you previously applied to the show before?
I applied for
, that was my first time because I had just turned 21. They said, "We love your video" and they called me back really quick. But they said, "We're all filled up on
, you should try again for next season." I got my video better and I fine-tuned my application and they liked what they saw.
Reality TV World: Given you were on the Fans tribe, I'm assuming you've watched every season.
Yep. Since I was probably 14.
Reality TV World: What was your strategy heading into the game and do you think it worked?
My strategy was not to piss anybody off and just look unthreatening, which I think worked pretty well -- up until I needed to be threatening and I needed to act threatening and be aggressive.
Reality TV World: Which castaway would you personally like to see win? Anybody you don't want to see win?
I don't know because all the girls are pretty equal right now... And on my crap list.
Reality TV World: When you were
approached with the plan
to blindside Amanda last week, were you ever hesitant to go along with it or did you immediately agree?
I was not hesitant with it because I felt like me, Natalie and Alexis had the same alliance that we had very early on with Joel -- before
he was voted out
. I thought we could go further with the numbers because we had three of us.
Reality TV World: After you were eliminated, Jeff dubbed what happened to you a "life lesson." Has it been? Have you found yourself being a little more skeptical of whatever situations that might have come up since you returned home?
(laughing) It's definitely a life lesson. It's DEFINITELY a life lesson. If I'm gonna learn from the past when I see it, that's another question. But it's definitely a statement of look before you leap.
Reality TV World: So what's next for you?
I'm pretty much working in Hell scooping ice cream until I graduate in December. Just hanging out and looking at my options.
Reality TV World: Where and what do you go to school for?
Eastern Michigan and I'm an art major.
Dominique Reighard: I'll be more successful than 'Top Model's winner
Jason Castro talks about his seventh-season 'American Idol' journey
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Exclusive: Parvati Shallow talks about her 'Survivor: Micronesia' win
Exclusive: Natalie Bolton talks about 'Survivor: Micronesia' journey
Exclusive: Amanda Kimmel talks about 'Survivor,' losing twice in a row
Exclusive: Cirie Fields talks about her 'Survivor: Micronesia' experience
Parvati Shallow wins 'Survivor: Micronesia,' defeats Amanda Kimmel
Rachel Lindsay: Three men enter my home on 'The Bachelorette' -- but "only two" leave with a proposal blessing!
Scotty McCreery: I forgot there was a gun in the backpack I took to airport
Khloe Kardashian and Tristan Thompson reportedly house-hunting in Los Angeles together
'The Bachelorette' spoilers: Rachel Lindsay's Fantasy Suites and fairy-tale ending -- Who got her final rose? Who was the runner-up bachelor?
'Wahlburgers' returns to A&E with eighth season in August
TLC to premiere new '90 Day Fiance: Before the 90 Days' spinoff in August
E! orders 'The Platinum Life' reality series following music industry wives and girlfriends
Dean Unglert's 'The Bachelorette' exit -- Rachel Lindsay: I cried all night and day before the goodbye
Alexis Jones
Amanda Kimmel
Ami Cusack
Chet Welch
Cirie Fields
Eliza Orlins
Erik Reichenbach
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Linkin Park: Tour canceled, coroner confirms Chester Bennington manner of death
Famous birthdays for July 22: Selena Gomez, Prince George, John Leguizamo, David Spade, Keegan Allen
Forest Whitaker to guest star in 'Empire' Season 4
Louis Tomlinson releases first solo single 'Back to You'
'American Horror Story' Season 7 gets a sub-title -- 'Cult'
Jada Pinkett Smith says she and Will Smith aren't swingers
Whoopi Goldberg voices Ursula the sea witch in 'Descendants 2'
GFriend to release new EP 'Parallel' in August
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text:
Producer: Kay Gee
Album: Life After Death
Label: Bad Boy
No stranger to tragedy, "Miss U" found Big telling three stories about various acquaintances who, one way or another, had fallen victim to the struggle. Whether by stray shots or getting knocked, Big could relate.
Playing the part of a heavy-hearted street cat, Big made a record about love and loss that everyone could relate to—even if their "struggle" was different. The pairing of Kay Gee's organs and harps with 112's light vocals provided a somber yet melodic way to reminisce. The track was all the more bittersweet because soon after he recorded it we were missing Big as well.


text:
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) -- Authorities looking into alleged fraud swept across the Columbus City School District on Thursday seizing records from several high schools, perplexing district officials who said they have been cooperating with the state auditor's investigation.
State and federal authorities are investigating Ohio's largest school district over allegations employees improperly altered the grades or attendance records of struggling students to improve performance ratings in a process called "scrubbing."
Ohio Auditor Dave Yost's office issued the warrants and the district confirmed the searches. At midday, investigators had executed search warrants at Marion-Franklin, Whetstone, Mifflin, Independence, Linden-McKinley and Northland high schools.
District spokesman Jeff Warner said the district was surprised by the searches.
"The district and our schools are fully cooperating with authorities seeking these records," he said.
Superintendent Gene Harris first sought a special state audit in 2011, but Yost initially declined her request. After intense public scrutiny and a renewed request by Harris, Yost launched the investigation in June.
Warner said the district has provided "hundreds, if not thousands" of student records of the same type sought by the search warrants during the ensuing 10 months.
The warrants came the same day Yost testified before state lawmakers on a state budget provision creating a new type of academic distress commission capable of taking over a district where an attendance-tampering investigation uncovers intentional deception. A labor protest of the plan was held outside the nearby Ohio Department of Education headquarters.
Yost launched a separate statewide review of school district attendance and enrollment tracking changes based on early findings in Columbus and districts in Toledo and suburban Cincinnati. His auditors fanned across the state to investigate a sampling of districts identified through a statistical analysis.
That separate probe found nine Ohio districts that intentionally removed poor performing students from their rolls and discovered that more than 70 schools or districts had attendance reporting errors that didn't appear to be purposeful.
Federal authorities joined the Columbus schools investigation in November and Yost separated it from the rest of his state probe due to what he described as a likelihood of criminal referrals.
The practice of scrubbing has drawn attention across the country amid greater scrutiny of the increasingly data-driven world of public education. Its temptations include rosier district report cards, added state or federal funding and employee bonuses.
A former superintendent went to prison in Texas for conspiring to remove low-performing students from classrooms to boost average test scores. Principals in Oklahoma and Missouri also are out of their jobs after attendance-related scandals.
Three key individuals connected to the Columbus data manipulation controversy have left their jobs at the district's urging since the investigation began. Harris has announced she will retire at the end of this school year, a move her supporters have said is unrelated to the ongoing investigation.


text:
Because of all confusion about Peter Morley Perkins, the line will end here. The lines of Pierre de Morlaix are still here, just disconnected.
Marriage 1 Agnes Taylor b: 1303 in Rutland, Rutlandshire, England
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text:
Free Newsletters - Space - Defense - Environment - Energy
US aircraft carrier arrives in Philippines: Navy
by Staff Writers
It "will go to a position just off the eastern coast of Samar island in order to begin to assess the damage and provide logistical and emergency support to include medical and water supplies," the carrier's commander, Rear Admiral Mark Montgomery, said.
The USS George Washington was one of eight American ships in the region as part of "Operation Damayan" -- Tagalog for "solidarity" -- Montgomery added in a statement emailed to journalists.
He said cruisers USS Antietam and USS Cowpen would join the carrier off stricken Samar while the cargo ship USNS Charles Drew was moving water supplies to Guiuan airfield, elsewhere on the central island.
Two ships were bringing emergency supplies to Tacloban, the devastated capital of Leyte province, while another was focusing on Ormoc, on Leyte island.
An eighth vessel was surveying conditions, Montgomery added.
"We have ships conducting a variety of missions," he said.
The carrier's arrival is expected to give the relief effort a much-needed boost, particularly as the US navy will bring its logistical know-how to bear on a chaotic situation that has left many without help almost a week after disaster struck.
Roads have been impassable and the aid that has arrived has been jammed at airports and in warehouses, its delivery complicated by a dicey security situation that has seen convoys attacked.
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text:
Volume 2, Number 25 - November 2005
As much as I love working as a newspaper reporter and writing a weekly column for The Middlesex Banner (published in Ailsa Craig Ontario Canada) for reasons I'll probably never been able to explain clearly to people who aren't comics fans my job doesn't give me the same sort of enjoyment as writing this column or writing and editing comics does. Unfortunately over the past ten or so months my job has kept me away from the type of writing I most enjoy but thanks to recent scheduling arrangements I've made that's all about to change. As well as being able to bring this column out of hiatus I'll be devoting a lot of my newly acquired spare time to developing comics and comics-related material. With regards to this column specifically I have five comics sitting beside me that I plan to review over the next couple of installments of E-Dispatches. This installment will be devoted to an overview of British horror comics publisher Chimera Arts' "Valkyries" #s 1 & 2, "Bedlam" #6 and "Usher" #4 and the next installment will be a review of ACC Studios' "Liberty For All".
I have to admit right up front that I love the comics Britain's Chimera Arts publishes. While their titles are a fairly mixed bag when it comes to the quality of their material publisher John Gallagher and his talent do a wonderful job in capturing the atmosphere of Skywald Publications, the comics company of the 70s which inspired the line.
To say that Chimera Arts' titles are a mixed bag when it comes to the quality of its material is to be honest with you quite an understatement. When the material is good it most often fantastic but when it's bad it is absolutely terrible.
In the good/great column anything written by former Canadian-now British-resident Edward St. Boniface. Whether its Edward's "Lady Etropia" in "Valkyries" or "Brain Sick" in "Bedlam" #6 or "The Hydranauts" in "Usher" #4 this writer has a unique ability to explore themes in a decidedly different fashion drawing in horror and non-horror readers alike. Combine that with crisp, sharp dialogue and you are guaranteed a fun read each and every time.
Another great writer at Chimera Arts is Martin Lock who's "babe & blades" series Barbarienne (with equally great artwork by Paul Naring) in "Valkyries" is a fun romp from beginning to end.
In the really, really, really horrific column of Chimera Arts series we have their interpretation of Skywald's "The Heap". Making its debut in
2004 in "Bedlam" #5 and "Usher" #3 this series wins my nomination for the worst comics series ever to see print; and believe me, in my 44+ years as a comics fan I've seen a lot of bad series. What's so horrible about it? Well, for starters John Simpson's artwork is ghastly. Then there is the writing which is equally as bad. Not only is the dialogue poorly crafted and the characterization way off the mark-they've given the Heap a British accept when the character is clearly American in the Skywald series-but John Gallagher (whose work I will readily admit a great admiration for) shows total contempt for the character in the way he is handled. A personal note to John. If you don't like The Heap then don't publish a Heap series. But if you want to publish a Heap series have a creative team working on it that both respects and understands the character and concept.
Like I said, when Chimera Arts is good it's great and when it's bad it is terrible. Overall though I love the comics these folks publish and would highly recommend each and every one of their titles along with their trade paperback reprint of the Skywald "Saga of the Victims" series. I also love the way they toss in a few extra treats for their readers. Most years they enclose a poster or two but this year they enclosed a CD in "Usher" and "Bedlam" with material under the title of "Agents of Payence".
So as I said I highly recommend all of Chimera Arts' publications and if you'd like to see what I feel is so great and so much fun about them you can order everything they've published at their website located at www.freewebz.com/chimeraarts.
That's it for this column. Next time around we'll take a look at "Liberty For All".
Jonathan A. Gilbert is a freelance comics writer
and editor who is currently working with his buddy Lloyd Smith on a comics
history book as well as doing some research for a new project for CE Publishing
Group. If you'd like to find out more about CE Publishing Group you can visit
their website at
© 2002-2009 Jonathan A. Gilbert. All Rights Reserved.


text:
This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
AIDS constitutes one of the most serious infectious diseases, representing a major public health priority. Efavirenz (EFV), one of the most widely used drugs for this pathology, belongs to the Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System for drugs with very poor water solubility. To improve EFV's dissolution profile, changes can be made to the physical properties of the drug that do not lead to any accompanying molecular modifications. Therefore, the study objective was to develop and characterize systems with efavirenz able to improve its dissolution, which were co-processed with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The technique used was co-micronization. Three different drug:excipient ratios were tested for each of the two carriers. The drug dispersion dissolution results showed significant improvement for all the co-processed samples in comparison to non-processed material and corresponding physical mixtures. The dissolution profiles obtained for dispersion with co-micronized SLS samples proved superior to those of co-micronized PVP, with the proportion (1:0.25) proving the optimal mixture. The improvements may be explained by the hypothesis that formation of a hydrophilic layer on the surface of the micronized drug increases the wettability of the system formed, corroborated by characterization results indicating no loss of crystallinity and an absence of interaction at the molecular level.
Although antiretroviral drug therapy has contributed significantly to improve patient quality of life and disease management, its use is associated with several drawbacks and inconveniences for patients. Associated severe side effects can be attributed to the high doses required to achieve a therapeutic effect, to inadequate drug concentration at the site of action, and/or to the poor bioavailability of some antiretroviral drugs. These drugs can present physico-chemical problems such as poor solubility that can lead to formulation difficulties [
Efavirenz (EFV) or (
Chemical structure of Efavirenz [
Among the several methods available to achieve higher drug solubility or dissolution rates, galenical methods stand out as the most effective. Maximizing the porous structure of hydrosoluble polymeric matrix or incorporating superdisintegrants into formulations are basic approaches in pharmaceutical technology research to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs [
Micronization is a fast and relatively efficient process, which employs a fluid energy system mill that reduces particle size by impact and attrition using a high velocity stream of air. Micronization takes place immediately as a result of high-speed collisions among the particles suspended within the air stream [
Of the few studies available in the literature focused on different formulations of EFV, most have not been dedicated to the concept of increased dissolution. Destache
For all these studies, the level of evidence for benefits in terms of dissolution improvement is not clearly described. Moreover, among the studies available, none report complete information regarding design, characterization and biological evaluation of the formulations assessed. The industrial feasibility for the proposed systems is also questionable. Some papers have been published focusing on polymorphic changes in active ingredients, but there is no clear evidence of dissolution improvement.
The development of coprocessed drugs is an area of great interest in pharmaceutical technology due to easy processability and the possibility of enhancements in bioavailability. Efavirenz delivery using this kind of system is a good strategy for AIDS treatment, because increasing bioavailability can reduce the dose needed for therapeutic efficacy.
Efavirenz API is now commercially available as micronized powder. Micronization is an established manufacturing process and has been mastered from a technological point of view. Moreover, it has other key advantages: The process is dry and scale-up is relatively straightforward. The micronization process is currently being used commercially to provide the pharmaceutical industry with efavirenz in micronized powder form. The process is well understood technologically and offers the advantage of being dry and feasible on an industrial scale. Jain and coworkers [
Against this background, the aim of the present work was to develop and characterize co-processed systems containing efavirenz and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for dissolution improvement using the micronization process.
In general, distinct regions for drugs and carrier are not visible on the coprocessed photomicrographs, thus presenting a homogeneous system. Visualization could be achieved by spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) microscopy, but this detection is beyond the scope of the present paper.
The images of the co-micronized systems (
Taking into account drug:excipient proportions, the lower the amount of carrier in the mix, the higher its particle size. The particle size range among EFV:SLS mixtures was smaller than among EFV:PVP, a finding which may be due to the larger average particle size of unprocessed PVP compared to unprocessed SLS. The values for average particle size of the co-micronized mixtures, measured directly, are listed in
Photomicrographs of co-micronized mixtures EFV:SLS (
Average particle size, measured directly.
|Particle size (µm)
|EFV:dispersant (1:0.25)
|1.9 µm
|6.1 µm
|EFV:dispersant (1:0.5)
|1.7 µm
|4.7 µm
|EFV:dispersant (1:1)
|1.5 µm
|2.5 µm
The samples were analyzed in the 2500–500 cm−1 range, within which the most important peaks for the evaluation of efavirenz lie.
FTIR spectrum of unprocessed EFV showed characteristic bands, similar to the spectrum obtained by Shown
The same bands found in the unprocessed EFV spectrum are also present in the micronized EFV spectrum. This remained unchanged after micronization; therefore processing did not interfere with the structure of the drug at the molecular and crystalline level. Similarly, the excipient spectra showed no modification after micronization.
The EFV:SLS co-micronized system spectra proved similar to the corresponding physical mixture spectra (
Characteristic infrared absorption bands of EFV.
|Frequency (cm−1)
|Vibrational assignments
|Typical exocyclic triple bond stretching
|C=O stretching
|Tertiary amide
|Aromatic ring
|C-Cl stretching
FITR spectra of unprocessed and micronized efavirenz and SLS and co-micronized mixtures of EFV:SLS (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
Characteristic bands can be observed in all samples analyzed. Comparing the spectra of the three proportions tested again revealed no significant differences. A slight difference in band intensity was evident, but was related to the component concentrations in the mixture.
The characteristic bands of each individual component of the mixture were evident, indicating no molecular interaction.
Akin to EFV:SLS, the co-micronized systems of EFV:PVP also presented bands in the same regions as the corresponding physical mixture, although PVP has a carbonyl group, which has often been reported as a hydrogen bond acceptor [
The spectra of the three proportions of EFV:PVP tested in co-micronization are shown in
FITR spectra of unprocessed and micronized efavirenz and PVP and co-micronized mixtures EFV:PVP (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
The peak for the micronized drug was similar to that of the unprocessed drug; indicating maintenance of crystallinity after micronization without hydrophilic carriers. The SLS curve depicts a first event; probably due to water loss; and a second attributed to melting point. The PVP showed no events given its amorphous nature.
The carriers micronized separately were analyzed (data not shown), demonstrating that size reduction of SLS resulted in faster water loss (the corresponding peak was displaced to a lower temperature). Micronization for PVP resulted in slower water loss.
The peaks of SLS (1 and 2) increased with increasing SLS concentration in the co-micronized mixture. The peak of the proportion (1:0.50) was higher than for the proportion (1:1), probably due to homogeneity. The peak corresponding to the melting point of EFV (3) was higher with increased amount of drug in the mixture. These results may indicate interaction between components. The profile of physical mixtures was similar to that of co-processed materials, indicating no influence of the process.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of unprocessed efavirenz, micronized efavirenz, unprocessed SLS and unprocessed PVP.
DSC curves of unprocessed and micronized efavirenz and SLS, compared to mixtures co-micronized at the proportions (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
Using PVP as the carrier for micronization, the peak for EFV melting almost disappeared at all proportions tested. On DSC curves of the physical mixture (data not shown), in contrast to that shown in co-micronized mixtures, the peak decreased with decreasing drug concentration in the mixture, and water loss of PVP was observed.
The DSC curves of unprocessed and micronized EFV and PVP are shown in comparison to co-micronized mixtures at (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1) in
DSC curves of unprocessed and micronized efavirenz and PVP, compared to the co-micronized mixture proportions of (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
An increase in the peak of PVP can be observed (with increasing PVP concentration), and disappearance of the drug peak, which could indicate some interaction between components caused by processing. This was significantly different to the result obtained with SLS as the carrier.
Comparing DSC curves of EFV:SLS and EFV:PVP in different proportions, it could be inferred that there was an interaction between the drug and the carriers during heating, based on the changes seen in the peaks compared to the unprocessed drug. This possible interaction can occur from temperatures of around 80 °C. Interaction may occur in the form of partial amorphization, in other words, part of the drug loses crystallinity under analysis conditions (this can be refuted or confirmed by X-ray diffraction) or through the carrier interacting with the drug, possibly solubilizing EFV with analysis heating or as the system suffers degradation.
Only the sample EFV:SLS (1:0.25) was analyzed to confirm water loss from SLS given the characteristic peak evident in DSC analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve is represented in
It is clear that the first endothermic peak in DSC corresponds to the weight loss noted in the TGA curve. This means that this peak is related to water loss, having no relation to material crystallinity. The amount of water incorporated was tiny in both samples. The following two endothermic peaks are therefore related to structural transitions of the material, indicating a possible interaction between EFV and excipients, as previously discussed.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of co-micronized mixture EFV:SLS proportion (1:0.25) compared to DSC curve.
Hot-stage microscopy (HSM) of co-micronized EFV:SLS (1:0.25).
In co-micronized samples with SLS, it was not possible to observe the water loss detected by TGA, since the percentage of solvent was too small. However, it was possible to detect the SLS melting point and the formation of a solution with EFV microcrystals. With continuous heating, EFV melting was evident. The temperatures seen are consistent with the transitions observed in the DSC analysis. The profiles were similar for the three proportions tested. The sequence of transitions confirms the hypothesis previously suggested by DSC.
HSM of co-micronized EFV:PVP (1:0.25).
In the case of co-micronized samples with PVP, the three profiles were very similar, and it was not possible to identify any influence of PVP concentration. Unlike the situation with SLS, EFV melting can be seen concomitantly with PVP solubilization, and this dissolves the EFV crystals before they melt. This profile confirms those observed in the DSC curves, where it was not possible to observe the peak corresponding to EFV melting.
Thus, hot-stage microscopy proved to be a useful tool for the elucidation of DSC results, allowing visual observation of thermal behavior of the samples. This analytical tool has been used in the study and characterization of crystalline drugs, but its use for the evaluation of co-micronized systems was not found in the literature. In this study, the technique contributed significantly to help compare samples, confirming the hypothesis drawn from the evaluation of data derived from DSC analysis.
The crystal structure of a substance is an important characteristic that can influence solubility [
Peak intensity is affected by crystal size and crystallinity [
The diffraction patterns obtained for the unprocessed drug were similar to those reported in the literature [
X-ray diffraction patterns of unprocessed and micronized EFV and SLS, compared to co-micronized EFV:SLS mixtures at the proportions (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
X-ray diffraction patterns of unprocessed and micronized EFV and PVP, compared to co-micronized mixtures of EFV:PVP in the proportions (1:0.25), (1:0.50) and (1:1).
Only the characteristic peaks of each component could be identified in diffraction patterns of co-processed mixtures, and there were no significant changes in peak intensity and/or position compared to those of unprocessed EFV and excipients for all proportions tested. This result indicates the maintenance of the crystal habit of the substances, which does not confirm the amorphization disclosed by thermal analysis results. Thus, this phenomenon may have occurred due to heating during DSC analysis, as amorphization does not occur at room temperature and/or as a result of the process. The characteristic peaks of drug and carriers in the diffraction patterns of the co-processed mixtures also indicates that there was no degradation of the mixture as a result of processing, since it occurs when the peaks are not evident in the analysis. Thus, the possibility of degradation due to reduction and disappearance of peaks in DSC results was also not confirmed.
Previous results obtained in studies with fenofibrate [
The co-micronization process is rarely described in the literature. The dissolution improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs for co-milling with surfactants, such as SLS, was also investigated [
This paper failed to observe amorphization of the drug, although an increase in dissolution was seen, as verified by Jagadish and coworkers [
The co-micronized mixtures presented enhanced dissolution profiles in comparison with those obtained for unprocessed EFV, micronized EFV and physical mixtures, for all proportions assessed. According to the results of difference (
Values of
|EFV unprocessed
|EFV micronized
According to the same calculation, the three proposed major proportions showed powder dissolution profiles similar to each other (
Values of
Powder dissolution profile of EFV in SLS 0.5% (
The EFV:PVP co-micronized, as well as EFV:SLS, mixtures showed dissolution profiles which were significantly different to those of the unprocessed drug (
Powder dissolution profile of EFV in SLS 0.5% (
Values of
The size reduction method has been extensively used because the increase in surface area can enhance dissolution rate, and consequently, the bioavailability of pharmaceutical materials [
The results of powder dissolution of co-micronized mixtures with PVP showed lower values compared to co-micronized mixtures using SLS. All profiles obtained for co-micronized mixtures with SLS differed from those of co-micronized EFV:PVP (
Values of
In order to achieve the lowest possible proportion of carrier in the formulation, on the basis of the excellent results obtained in powder dissolution of the co-micronized mixture, particularly with SLS, a smaller proportion was tested: EFV:SLS (1:0.10). The dissolution profile is depicted in
Values of
|EFV unprocessed
|EFV micronized
Based on these results, co-micronization appears to be an efficient technique for EFV processing to enhance the dissolution profile. It can lead to greater drug bioavailability, as Vogt and colleagues [
Events related to drug amorphization were not responsible for the improvement in dissolution rate obtained, since the powder X-ray diffraction (DRX) results confirmed crystallinity maintenance. The possibility of interaction at molecular and structural levels was also ruled out given the similarity of infrared spectra obtained from co-processed and physical mixtures for all proportions tested, showing neither band displacement nor enlargement. Particle size reduction was observed in some cases by SEM, which may have influenced the increased dissolution rate of some co-processed samples, especially the co-micronized mixtures containing SLS. This sample attained the highest dissolution results, and presented the lowest particle size. The enhanced wettability, the solubilizing effect of the carrier, the drug dissolution in hydrophilic support and/or a combination of these factors, represent possible hypotheses to explain the enhancement of the powder dissolution profile obtained by co-micronization, but further testing is needed to confirm this theory.
The drug (efavirenz produced by a Brazilian chemistry company whose name will not be disclosed due to a confidentiality agreement) and the excipients PVP K30 (Jiaozuo Meida Fine Chemicals, Shangai, China) and SLS (Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), were manually mixed in the appropriate ratios and the resultant mixture was then micronized in a Ultra Jet model 50 micronizer (Zelus, São Paulo, Brazil). The drug and excipients were micronized separately for comparison. EFV:SLS ratios were (1:1), (1:0.50), (1:0.25) and (1:0.10), while EFV:PVP ratios were (1:1), (1:0.50) and (1:0.25). A process pressure of 4.0 kgf/cm2 and atomization pressure of 6.0 kgf/cm2 were used during micronization.
The average particle size, size distribution and morphology were examined using an EM 906 SEM (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The samples were mounted on an aluminum stage using adhesive carbon tape and coated with gold under an argon atmosphere in a high vacuum evaporator.
Infrared spectroscopy is a method of analysis that provides information about the functional groups present in the molecular structure of substances. The FTIR analyses were done to confirm the occurrence of structural changes at a molecular level as a result of co-processing of EFV with the carriers SLS and PVP.
The FTIR spectrum was recorded in transmission mode on a Prestige FTIR 8000 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The analyses were conducted applying spectroscopy Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) where band positions are presented in wavenumbers (v) usually expressed in inverse centimeters (cm−1), and band intensities expressed as transmittance (T). Approximately 3 mg of each sample was weighed and mixed with potassium bromide then compressed in a hydraulic press under 10 T of pressure for 1 min.
This technique was used to evaluate possible crystalline changes or drug degradation. DSC curves were collected using a calorimeter model 822 (Mettler Toledo, Ohio, USA). Samples were analyzed at a temperate range of 25 °C to 250 °C using a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The samples were weighed in open aluminum pans. An empty pan was used as a reference.
A thermogravimetric analyzer model 851 (Mettler Toledo, Ohio, USA) was used. Approximately 10 mg of each sample was weighed in aluminum pans. Sample mass was monitored and the temperature was increased from 25 °C to 300 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min.
Hot-stage microscopy is a thermoanalytical technique in which the optical property of the sample is monitored against temperature or time, while the temperature of the sample, under a specified atmosphere, is programmed. The information collected during visual analysis is valuable for the confirmation of physical changes detected in the DSC analysis. The heating rate should be the same as that used in the DSC analysis, allowing direct comparison between results. HSM is required to confirm transitions such as melts and recrystallizations.
Hot-stage microscopy was conducted using a FP 82 heating cell and an SP 90 temperature controller (both by Mettler Toledo, Ohio, USA) with an optical light microscope BX 50 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Images were obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, in a temperature range of 30 °C to 200 °C.
The measurements were carried out using an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) and the operating conditions were as follows: Cukα radiation, voltage 30 kv, current 15 mA and time constant 0.05°/s. The wavelength used was λ = 1.5418 Å.
The powder dissolution method has been reported in the literature [
The powder dissolution profiles were compared using a model-independent method, based on calculation of difference (
The proposed study clearly presents a technological challenge, namely, enhancement of EFV dissolution. To achieve this objective, the formation of agglomerates via co-micronization was proposed, using SLS and PVP as dispersant agents. Dissolution enhancement of EFV was evident for both carriers and all the proportions tested showed higher powder dissolution profiles than the unprocessed drug. The process was not able to change the crystallinity pattern of the drug, achieving significant improvement of the dissolution profile of EFV, without the amorphization of the API. This result allows the conclusion that there is no concern about any transformation from amorphous to crystalline structure, which could result in a decrease of dissolution during stability. The SLS proved to be the best hydrophilic carrier in co-micronization in comparison to PVP and the proportion EFV:SLS (1:0.25) was superior than the others tried, while also being more suitable for tableting, considering that less powder will be present in the formulation. The results of the present work proved to be very promising in terms of industrial applications, but further tests are needed for full characterization of the formulated material and scale-up studies should be performed.
The authors acknowledge CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the grants for the Master in Science of Maíra da Costa and also thank CNPq and FIOCRUZ for their financial support.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.


text:
DAVID CAMERON: I think at the moment we've got a situation where the police feel incredibly put upon by regulations and targets and instructions from above, from the Home Office, rather than actually looking down at the people they're meant to be serving and responding to their concerns.
And that's the big cultural change that needs to take place in the police.
One way I believe we can do it is by, if you look at the moment, the police are supposed to be accountable to the police authorities, but I don't think anybody knows who sits on Police Authorities or what they do.
And so we've said, why not replace the Police Authorities with a single elected Police Commissioner, not a police chief, he wouldn't or she wouldn't run the police, but they would be the chief focus for public accountability.
JON SOPEL: Well hang on.
DAVID CAMERON : I think that would make a big difference.
JON SOPEL: A couple of very interesting points there. So you'd have something like a directly elected sheriff maybe. I mean I don't know what the term would be. Can it .. (interjected) ¿.
DAVID CAMERON : Directly elected police commissioner, it works, if you look in America where the police chief reports to the directly elected mayor, it's created great public accountability, great public faith in the police and it's also encouraged the police to do what I think everybody wants, which is to have beat based active, community policing.
JON SOPEL: And your former Home Secretary and Chair of the Democracy Task Force, Ken Clark says, the idea is mad.
DAVID CAMERON : Well it will come as no surprise to you that Ken and I don't always agree. I don't agree with Ken about this. He's looking into democracy, he's not looking into police and this will be our policy on the police and... (interjection) ... I think it will be very successful.
JON SOPEL: ... No... it read ... he says, "if you have locally elected police chiefs, who is going to say what sort of mad things will happen? People with wildly populist views, who know nothing about running a large organisation ... as soon as you have excessive local discretion, you have public outrage about the post code lottery.
DAVID CAMERON : Oh, that's an argument that democracy is a bad thing and I don't agree with it; I think democracy is a good thing. Let's look at where in our country are we seeing more beat based policing, most quickly. Are we seeing officers on the beat in teams. We're seeing it in London. Why are we seeing it in London. I would argue it's partly because we've got an elected mayor and the elected mayor has been putting that pressure on the police for that sort of community policing.
Now, I want to see that right across the country; this isn't the only part of police reform but I think accountability, making the police accountable to the people they're serving rather than upwards to the Home Secretary. I think that would be a big change. Now let me tell you, one of the things police officers say to me at the moment is that they're having to do things in order to meet targets for sanction detections that they wouldn't otherwise do. It's crazy in this country that we train police officers... (interjection)
JON SOPEL: But you talked about targets as well for the police.
DAVID CAMERON : But yet - hang on, but we train these people as professionals and then we don't trust them. And our whole approach is to say we've got to stop this top down central control and instead have far more trust for the professionals on the ground.
JON SOPEL: But you've talked about targets for the police themselves, that they have to meet certain targets. It should be easier to sack bad police officers...
DAVID CAMERON : (interjection) That's not a target, that's just a management issue that at the moment, if you've done your two years probation and you become a police officer, it's very difficult to get rid of a bad police officer. Now, in any organization, it should be possible to manage those who aren't performing out of the organization. That's just good management. And if you go and walk in to a police station ...
JON SOPEL: (interjection) But then presumably you're going to set certain criteria by which you judge whether the police officer has been successful or unsuccessful. In other words, setting them targets or you know, judging their pay according to how well they've done.
DAVID CAMERON : Well I'm not going to set the targets. Jon, this is a big cultural change. We've got to stop trying to run the police service. The Police Force, as I prefer to call it, from the Home Office. We've got to actually empower local managers. You know I, your performance as an interviewer is judged by your manager. That's the right way of doing it. You can't have someone right at the top of the organization, trying to run the entire thing. That's what we have at the moment. It's got to change.
JON SOPEL: But don't you think that people in this country, rather like the fact that their police force is not politicized and their real concern would be, with what you're proposing and Superintendent Rick Naylor, from the Superintendent's Association, has said as much. You know, that we're not very enamored with the idea of elected police chiefs or sheriffs because they believe it will lead to the politicization of the police force.
DAVID CAMERON : I don't think it will. We have, on police authorities at the moment, there are Conservative members and Labour members and Liberal members, that hasn't led to the politicization of the police force; so why should replacing...
DAVID CAMERON : Hang on. Why should replacing a police authority with a single elected police commissioner, who at least everyone would know who they are. Why should that be politicisation. I don't think it would. What it would mean is that people would have a means of calling the police force to account. Of making sure they're doing the things that people care about.
And the police would find that good too. I'm fed up with going to police stations, where they say, if only we could respond to public concern, we'd do far more on anti-social behaviour and less of meeting the targets and the form filling that's driving us mad.
JON SOPEL: And what about you supporting some of the measures that the government are introducing, which they believe will help tackle crime, for example identity cards, biometric passports and these sort of things.
DAVID CAMERON : Well let's take identity cards. I think this is going to be a gigantic waste of money. I think this is going to be Labour's plastic poll tax. We're now reading through parliamentary questions about the police, about the government setting up finger printing centres, all over the country.
Some people are going to have to travel, even the elderly and infirm, who've never done anything wrong in their entire lives, are going to have to travel up to sixty miles to these finger printing centres.
This is not Aldous Huxley or George Orwell, I'm not making this up. This is a parliamentary answer. And this is going to cost a fortune, and the government, this is the government that cannot deliver the child support agency properly, to find thousands of absent parents.
They can't make the rural payments agency work to pay you know, tens of thousands of farmers. And they're expecting us to believe they can have a national data base for sixty million people. Frankly, it is beyond belief and that is why we would pull the plug on the identity cards and we'd use the money for much more sensible things like prisons and drug rehabilitation.
JON SOPEL: Well let's come to where your party stands on some of these issues because we've spoken to Sir Tim Bell in our film and he said of you, ' I think he's got to occasionally show some steel. He's sometimes got to lose his temper sometimes. He has to say some tough things which aren't cosy and easy and virtuous values'. Some people would say that all we've heard from you are virtuous values - we've got to be better parents, we've got to love our kids more. It's motherhood and apple pie.
DAVID CAMERON : Well I think it was important over the last year, after I became leader of the Party, to get the Conservative Party back in to the mainstream of debate. We've been on the fringes for too long. Frankly, we've become rather irrelevant to the great debates in our country.
Now, the Conservative Party is the one that's leading the debate on the National Health Service, on the environment, on how we actually try to build stronger families in our country. Getting rid of the failed model of multi culturalism. We've been leading some of the mainstream debates and I'm pleased about that. And I think you're going to hear from us this year, and you're already beginning to hear, a series of detailed substantial approaches and directions and policies, some of which people won't necessarily agree with. I mean you mentioned ID cards, many people support identity cards.
I often go to party meetings and some of our more elderly members hold up their old national identity cards, saying why can't we have them back. And I say, because I think it's a waste of money and it wouldn't work. Politics is often about saying things people disagree with, actually quite a lot of things, people in my own party haven't always agreed with. That is who I am, that's what I'll do and you'll see a lot more of it this year.
JON SOPEL: Do you think the pace of modernisation in the party is fast enough.
DAVID CAMERON : Well I think we need to keep it up. I think there are further changes that need to be made. I think we have to prove to people that it's for real. I think you know, there's no doubt we've made progress in the opinion polls but we need to go further and faster. We've still got a big mountain to climb.
JON SOPEL: Okay. Well you use the mountain metaphor, have you hit a plateau.
DAVID CAMERON : I hope not. I think, you know we use... (interjection)
JON SOPEL: Isn't the polling evidence suggesting that you're sort of there.
DAVID CAMERON : Well we're ahead of where we were. But I mean I'm not a pollster. If you want a comment on the polls, get a pollster here. I'm a participant. I want to move the policy... (interjection)...
JON SOPEL: Well where do you think you are.
JON SOPEL: Are you in a winning position.
DAVID CAMERON : Not yet, we've made good progress. I mean I like to think we're half way up the mountain and we've got the other half still to climb. But there are further changes to make. I think there's more of demonstrating what a strong team we've got. I think that's difficult in today's environment where so much focus is on one person. You know, look at William Hague as a Shadow Foreign Secretary, so much better than what we have from the government.
Look at David Davis, a genuinely tough, rigorous and thoughtful Home Secretary. You know look at Andrew Lansley and what he's doing with the Health Service and how much better he would be than Patricia Hewitt who think it's having its best ever year. You know, we've got a really strong team and I want to push that forward over the next year as well.
JON SOPEL: You don't think that you know, there are big elections coming up, that if you don't do that well, people will say actually, you know what you need to do, you need to go back to reassuring the core Conservative voters.
DAVID CAMERON: Well I won't do that because you don't win elections at the fringes and you don't serve your country by being at the fringes. You win elections and serve your country...
JON SOPEL: You just singled out William Hague, that's exactly what he did when he was... (interjection)... Tory Party leader.
DAVID CAMERON : And William recognises that that was a mistake and William is actually you know, one of my strongest supporters in saying, this is the right direction. The huge effort we've put in to campaigning on the National Health Service and putting that front and centre. The big change of saying, you know the environment is not just an important issue, but actually, securing a good and green environment, is as important as the strong society and the strong economy that we believe in.
That's really important. And he's a big supporter of that. So we won't change that approach. That is, it's what I believe. That's the sort the Liberal Conservative I am. I've got this fantastic opportunity, as Leader of the Party, to take the Party in that direction, to set out what I care about... and to offer it to the British people. It's a great opportunity.
JON SOPEL: We've just heard in the film there that Harry Turner, who's from Surrey Heath Conservative Association saying, the tipping point, that is really dangerous is when died in the wool loyal Tories, who've been trudging the streets and stuffing the envelopes, decide that the polices that are being articulated from you, aren't so different from what you could hear from Tony Blair any day of the week. They're no different from what Labour are offering.
DAVID CAMERON : Well I think he's wrong. I mean we've talked about identity cards. They want identity cards, we want to scrap identity cards. They want regional assemblies, we want to scrap the regional assemblies and have much more local control. There are so many examples and I don't have to make them up.
But I would say to that gentleman and to others in the Conservative Party, one of the things we've got to do is look at the run of the last ten years and keep the good things as well as get rid of the bad things. So the School Academies, that are bringing hope to inner city kids, we keep them. We improve them, we expand them. You know, the foundation hospitals, that actually we support because they're got greater control over their land and buildings and employment, we keep them - we expand them. That's the sensible way to do politics.
JON SOPEL: Let me just ask you finally, it's been a pretty extraordinary week for you, I mean the old ¿ old chestnut it's been a week is a long time in politics. You've rarely been out of the headlines. I just wonder whether you'd reflect whether the story last weekend about cannabis use has been damaging to you.
DAVID CAMERON: I think that's for others to decide. I mean I handle these things in the way I choose to handle them, but I think politicians are entitled to a private past and I've stuck by that principle and I'll go on sticking by that principle. And I think it's an important one. And people will make their own decisions. All you can do in politics is try and set out what you believe in, set out how you're going to achieve it and try and show you've got a realistic prospect of getting it done.
JON SOPEL: Sure, but I'm sure you've reflected on it over the past week and I wonder what you think you know, one week on.
DAVID CAMERON: Well as I say, I think it's just for others to say. I'm...
JON SOPEL: What do you think.
DAVID CAMERON: Well I'm very comfortable that I'm doing a job that I really believe in. That I think I'm leading a great team of people, I think I'm making the right judgements about the future of the Conservative Party. I think I'm highlighting the right issues for the future of our country - the importance of families, the importance of the environment, the importance of de-centralising our over centralised country.
You know I think I've got the right judgements, I've got the abilities to do the job. As I said, I'm human, I've made mistakes, I will make more mistakes and it's for people to judge me as a person, as a politician, as a character, as a leader, and in the end, they'll make the judgements and I just have to do my best.
JON SOPEL: ... I'm just going to try one last time, just to see if I could get you to engage on this. Has the this, has the way the week has panned out, been better or worse than you feared because you knew this story was going to come out.
DAVID CAMERON: I just, I don't know, I mean I just don't know how to answer that question. You know, you're always, in this job you're always being told that this is going to happen and that's going to happen and you've just got to steel yourself and get on with it and do what you think is right.
If you spend your whole time looking back and thinking, well how did that go and how did this go, you'd never have any time to look forward. And I get up every day and think, right, what are we going to do today to try to succeed in politics and to do for the good things of this country. If I spend all my time thinking about last week or the week before, I wouldn't get anywhere.
JON SOPEL: David Cameron, thank you very much.
DAVID CAMERON: Thank you.
Please note BBC Politics Show must be credited if any part of these transcripts are used.
NB:These transcripts were typed from a recording and not copied from original scripts.
Because of the possibility of mis-hearing and the difficulty, in some cases, of identifying individual speakers, the BBC cannot vouch for their accuracy.
The Politics Show Sunday 25 February 2007 at 12:00 GMT on BBC One.
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text: Hello everyone, I'm new here my name is Raphael and I'm experiencing issues on my tranny these days. I own a 2002 Mustang GT with an automatic transmission which I beleive is a 4r70w and it has developped issues when shifting from second to third. The symptoms are when it wants to shift from second to third, it lags, or it is slow. Sometimes I feel like it is trying but not succeeding so it'll rev up without being in gear and then finally shift a little hard. The other thing is if I'm in 4th, and I gas it, it'll drownshift into third perfectly. This is my first automatic transmission car, so I don"t know those very well and I don't want to get bulled buy a mecanic if he tells me it needs a rebuild when it doesn't. From what I understand in the way those trannies work, since it's downshifting correctly, it must be something in the hydraulic system that makes the shift between 2nd and 3rd gear. Can you guys help me with that ? Thanks


text: Lagos - It was the year the world became acquainted with Barack Obama, when "tweet" was labelled a buzzword by Time magazine - and when legislation was introduced to overhaul Africa's biggest oil industry.That was way back in 2008, and many deadlines set by Nigeria's government to carry out the oil reforms have passed without action, creating uncertainty that has limited new investment, threatening future output.The country has now launched a renewed reform bid, and there is reason to believe that this time it may be successful - though various obstacles could again derail the plans.Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan last month sent a fresh version of sweeping legislation to parliament that would set out new fiscal terms for the industry and restructure the state oil company, among other measures.The implications of the 223-page bill are immense in the Opec member country that relies on the industry for some 80 percent of government revenue and where major firms like Shell, Exxon and Total pump crude for export."I think something's going to get passed before the end of the year," said Kayode Akindele of 46 Parallels investment firm."That's really out of necessity ... because we just can't have the situation we've had the last four or five years."But a number of battles must still play out.Major firms argue that the fiscal terms are too harsh, there are concerns over powers granted to the oil minister, and a political tussle is expected over a fund for oil-producing communities.Unrest in the oil-producing Niger Delta region has been sharply reduced following a 2009 amnesty deal, allowing output to return to more than two million barrels per day.A deadly insurgency by Islamist militants Boko Haram in the north and central regions of the country has also not affected oil production.Yet Nigerians fed up with oil pollution and the country's deeply rooted corruption have long pushed for a fairer shake from the petroleum industry.The new version of the bill grew partly out of protests in January that were ostensibly over petrol prices, but which allowed the tens of thousands who took to the streets to vent their anger over a range of issues.Amid the anger, Nigeria's government pledged to move on the long-stalled reforms.But activists say the current bill does not do nearly enough to address oil spills and a lack of transparency in the industry."We have to ensure that there is independent oversight of the oil industry beyond what we have now," said Auwal Ibrahim Musa Rafsanjani, head of the Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre, Transparency International's local partner.Parliament is expected to hold hearings in the coming months.One international oil executive argued that if it were to be passed as written, new investment could not occur because taxes and royalties would be too high."From what has been shared with us, this bill is not achieving (its stated objective of) unlocking investment in the country and increasing production and increasing government revenue," he said."It's going to achieve quite the opposite."The executive, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that currently the industry hands over on average 86% of net revenue to the government - a number difficult to verify independently.According to him, there were too many variables to calculate a reliable percentage of what the government take would be under the new proposals, but he said it would amount to an increase.Oil Minister Diezani Alison-Madueke said recently that the bill "comes closest to what we consider a win-win situation for the Nigerian government, the Nigerian economy and people as well as other stakeholders and potential investors in the oil and gas industry."-- Time running out? --Under the bill the state oil company NNPC, widely viewed as corruption-riddled, would be unbundled.A National Petroleum Assets Management Company would include interests in joint ventures between the NNPC and international oil firms.Separately, a National Oil Company and National Gas Company would include plans to divest minority shares for offer on the Nigerian stock exchange.Taxes on profits would be 25% for offshore production and 50% for onshore, in addition to Nigeria's 30% corporate income tax.By comparison, the current rates are a flat 50% for offshore and 85% for onshore.Beyond that, there are royalty payments. The new royalty rates are not in the bill - which could give the oil minister the option of altering them - but are to be based on production levels and oil prices.Firms are also to pay 10% of net profit into a fund intended to benefit communities where production occurs.Oil companies say the fiscal burden would be too onerous for them.Few Nigerians will shed tears for petroleum firms. Still, the government faces the balancing act of ensuring investment will flow while collecting its share.Akindele, the 46 Parallels analyst, said time was running out."Ten, 15 years ago, Nigeria could afford (delaying) because it was the only game in town," he said, mentioning new production in a number of African nations. "Something needs to be passed because people need certainty of investment."* Follow Fin24 on Facebook, Twitter and Google+.


text:
Steal that Look!
A Style Icon Revisited
Edie Sedgwick in Factory Girl
-Jill Jordan
Sienna Miller's portrayal of Edie Sedgwick in Factory Girl was astounding. The movie flawlessly captured Edie's captivating personality and style. Her fashion embodied the 60s, especially with the mixed prints and chunky jewelry, yet she still had her own look. This particular look is bold and fun with a touch of sexy. If you want to embrace your inner Edie, I've found some options to help you recreate this fashion statement:
Floppy Hat – Laurel Straw Hat, $28.00
Layered Silver Necklace – Firolare, $25.00
Dangle Earrings – Long Linear Earrings, $48.00
Leopard Print Jacket – Animal Print Jacket, $124.00
Diagonal Stripe Dress – Noiseita Dress, $195.00


text:
|Publication No: 376P
|Search all ORC publications
Some characteristics of unidirectional lasing in ring lasers using the acousto-optic effect
W.A.Clarkson, K.I.Martin, D.C.Hanna, A.B.Neilson
For many homogeneously-broadened solid-state lasers, enforcing unidirectional operation of a ring laser can be both a convenient and efficient route to a reliable single frequency output. One attractive way to enforce unidirectional operation, first demonstrated for Ti:sapphire [1] and dye ring lasers [1],[2], is to use a travelling-wave acousto-optic modulator. This technique offers the advantages that it does not rely on polarisation discrimination, unlike the Faraday isolator approach, and requires only one additional intracavity component, so is well suited for use in low-gain, miniature diode-pumped solid-state lasers [3],[4].
EQEC '93 Firenze 10-13 Sep (1993) Vol.1 pp.64-67 paper LDFrP30
Southampton ePrint id: 77291
Click here to download an Acrobat (.pdf) version of the paper.
Copyright University of Southampton 2006


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Happy to unveil two new clips on our YouTube channel — this time from The Adventures of Pete and Pete 20th Anniversary Reunion Show! Live readings from the episodes "Yellow Fever" and "Farewell My Little Viking" with original cast members Michael C. Maronna (Big Pete Wrigley), Danny Tamberelli (Little Pete Wrigley), Toby Huss (Artie, The Strongest Man in the World), Rick Gomez (Endless Mike), musician Mark Mulcahy, show creators Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, and special guests Doug Benson, Paget Brewster, Colin Hanks and James Urbaniak!
Click the links below to see them!


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Have a Tax Question? Ask a Tax Expert
Hello I am a licensed attorney here to help you with your question, please review my response and do not hesitate to ask for clarification
You should wait for the actual 1099-c as the IRS will not have any evidence of the debt, until the 1099 is actually issued,
Also, be aware,
If you receive a Form 1099-C but the creditor is continuing to try to collect the debt then the debt has not been cancelled and you do not have taxable cancellation of debt income.
Citibank told me that the account has been settled and the company they hired to collect the debt has also told me that the debt was settled. So, I am not concerned about the continuation of the collection process. However, does this mean that when I finally get a 1099-c, sometime in the next three years, I will need to go back and file an amended 2011 tax return?
no, it would b canceld as of the date of the 1099c
so you would declare it at that time
Makes sense. Thanks for you time and expertise.


text:
Workin' Overtime at Sheltie Nation HQ
Tyler says: "I like to dream that mommy is putting my picture up on Sheltie Nation again."
Mommy loves to make you happy little man!
Tyler says: "I like to dream that mommy is putting my picture up on Sheltie Nation again."
Mommy loves to make you happy little man!
Can I have Tyler? Oh, and the couch and your computer too? LOL
He is beautiful, he has a sense of humor, I love that smile/laugh on his face.
Shelties, what are you gonna do??
What a blessing… to work from home with your sheltie by your side!
Nothing is more calming to the heart and soul than a sheltie close to you.
Kelly, you and Tyler are a blessing to each other!
LOVE that sweet sheltie smile Tyler!
The best thing about this beautiful boy is the happiness on his face. Thanks for sharing.
So sweet. :)
Not a care in the world. The way it should be! Great pic!
What an adorable picture!
I love our recent theme of snoozing Shelties!
Just look at all the wonderful puppy dreams taking place in that head, that beautiful smile says it all . . . too bad we can't all be in Tyler's happy place.
Tyler looks like such a sweetheart. I love his happy, sweet face!
So very cute – he is just beautiful!!
Oh my, Tyler is a little lover! What a gorgeous sheltie. There is nothing more beautiful to me than a shetland sheepdog and he is a beauty and a sweetheart. Thanks for sharing him with all of us.
Dream no more, you handsome boy :) Your mom loves showing off your pictures!
Awwww!!! What a cute couch potato!
I love to see a man who enjoys his work …
Shadow says "Howdy, Tyler! I dream that my mom will do that too!"
He's a real beauty, Kelly. And such a handsome, happy face. :-)
Nice MacBook!
Awww, such love & devotion – what Shelties do best! :)


text:
Josh Rayver's Mom Answers Activity
Recent Activity | Asked | Answered
Am I the only parent not sending their 4 year old child to preschool? Watch this
Most recent answer (01/13/2011):
No . . . I keep my 3 year olds with me, have sent one 4yo to preschool but will probably keep the second one with me, and now I'm homesch...posted by ivyondina


text:
Product Information
Important Sizing Note: The following measurements are the dimensions of the actual product, not of the pet they fit. After measuring your pet, make sure all measurements fit within the following dimensions (with a little room to spare in the chest and neck).XX-Small
Great fit. Very cute
This cut away sweater is high cut enough for a small male dog. The knit is much thicker than the lighter knits and is snug on my 12 lb. Maltese mix dog.


text:
Earlier spokesman Ben Lovett said the museum had "no plans" to make a model of Mr Brown until the next election.
But Downing St produced a letter dated 3 March asking Mr Brown to sit for modelling within the next six months.
Later Mr Lovett said: "We are just waiting to hear back from Downing Street".
The museum decided last May to put off making any model of the prime minister until after the next general election.
Mr Lovett confirmed earlier: "At the moment we have no plans to make Gordon Brown.
"We are going to wait for a general election to see what will happen because that's the ultimate test of public opinion.
"We are always continuing to monitor public opinion so if there's a surge of support then we will reconsider."
Mr Lovett said Tony Blair, who left Downing Street in June, was still popular with foreign visitors, in the section containing world leaders.
He said: "Tony Blair is a very popular attraction. To tourists from America and Europe he is instantly recognisable."
Asked for a response, a Downing Street source said it was "rather puzzling" as Tussauds had just asked Mr Brown to sit for them, some time in the next six months.
A letter to Downing Street from Tussauds' creative team sent last week said he had been chosen "to be honoured by the Tussauds' team".
It said the museum's own research had found Mr Brown to be "a hugely popular choice amongst local Londoners and tourists from around the world".
A Downing Street source told the BBC that Number 10 responded to the letter, saying that they would consider the request.
He added: "The prime minister has more important things than a waxwork to worry about."
What are these?
Most Popular Now | 56,514 people are reading stories on the site right now.";


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Related quotes
"Men kick friendship around like a football but it doesn't seem to break. Women treat it like glass and it goes to pieces."
"I guess I just prefer to see the dark side of things. The glass is always half empty. And cracked. And I just cut my lip on it. And chipped a tooth."


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Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
MORE from our HomeTeam writers.
Thu. May 20, 2010 | Eduardo A. Encina
Jefferson rising senior wide receiver Chris Moore has received his biggest scholarship offer to date, one that will likely open doors to more bigger Division-I offers.
Moore was offered by Big Ten school Illinois on Thursday, Jefferson coach Mike Fenton. Moore had previously received an offer from FIU.
Fenton had lauded Moore as the team's top route runner on a squad full of talented wideouts. Last season, he was a big part of Jefferson's success. He was Jefferson's second leading receiver and the sixth in the bay area with 722 receiving yards and 5 TDs on 30 receptions.
Former Hillborough County standouts Jarred Fayson (Hillsborough) and Fred Sykes (Chamberlain) are currently receivers at Illinois. Former Gaither standout Justin Lattimore plays tight end for thr Illini.
The Fighting Illini had also previously offered two of Moore's Jefferson teammates -- receiver Andre Davis and linebacker Ramik Wilson, Fenton said.


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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
When asked by the Department of Homeland Security to create potential terrorism scenarios, even "Out of the Box Thinkers" initially failed to come up with the following scenario. Oil tankers, refineries, nuclear plants,
Natural Rubber tree (
Although decades of breeding have resulted in highly selective rubber tree cultivars, most commercial plantations around the world are descended from seeds originated from Brazil [
Natural rubber consumption by industry.
Last year, worldwide production of natural rubber topped 10 million tons, of which more than 10% with a worth of almost $3.0 billion were exported to the U.S. [
For example, a natural rubber shortage could easily result in a complete halt in the manufacturing of airplane tires. And with the aviation industry being a key driver of the world economy, such situation could be proven disastrous. In reality, this scenario is not far-fetched, considering the damaging potential of biological agents such as the South American Leaf Blight [
Imagine for a moment, a terrorist act involving the release of
The need to develop control measures against the pest is an urgent task and must be carried out on an international scale. Although the South American Leaf Blight has been listed as a biological weapon by the United Nations, all control efforts taken so far since 1910 have resulted in miserable failures [
Travel methods (sea or air) usually determine the entry potential of a pest. Although fungal spores will have a high level of survival if air-transported through fresh host materials such as leaves, the duration and environmental conditions of sea cargo would not promote survival and viability of the pathogen. At the port of entry, the probability of not being properly identified is enormously high, as pathogen detection through visual inspection alone is almost impossible. For example, if properly concealed, budwood has the potential to act as both a vector and a host. Once established, the pathogen can cause severe economic damages, as seen in Brazil, where affected plantations were completely abandoned in the past. Because of
The very narrow genetic base of
Fortunately, in the history of humankind, there are only few reports of a global intentional biological invasion. The deliberate use of anthrax in 2001 was limited to the United States alone. Subsequently however, this incident resulted in a substantial increase in funding to counter the threat of bioterrorism the world over. Global initiatives to detect and respond to biological threats were suddenly becoming increasingly vital to most nations. Worldwide models and scenarios were constructed and consequently attacks potentially disruptive to global supply chains and human welfare, remain exceedingly low. In recent years, the dynamics have shifted between Indonesia (where "wildtype" rubber grown in mixed agroforests is the dominant production system) and Malaysia/Thailand where monocultural plantations still dominate. More importantly, new advances in science and technology have helped us gain ground against these threats. The challenges represented by
We are grateful to B. Hyacinthe for fruitful discussions and inputs regarding the manuscript. We also would like to thank K. Simmonds, Director of the