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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is implicated in its pathogenesis. Immune mechanisms are also implicated. Patients who are immunosuppressed have an increased risk. There is evidence that high intratumoral T-cell counts and immune transcripts are associated with favorable survival. Spontaneous regressions implicate immune effector mechanisms. Immunogenicity is also supported by observation of autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes. Case reports suggest that immune modulation, including reduction of immune suppression, can result in tumor regression. The relationships between MCPyV infection, the immune response, and clinical outcome, however, remain poorly understood. Circulating antibodies against MCPyV antigens are present in most individuals. MCPyV-reactive T cells have been detected in both MCC patients and control subjects. High intratumoral T-cell counts are also associated with favorable survival in MCPyV-negative MCC. That the immune system plays a central role in preventing and controlling MCC is supported by several observations. MCCs often develop, however, despite the presence of humoral and cellular immune responses. A better understanding on how MCPyV and MCC evade the immune response will be necessary to develop effective immunotherapies.
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, neuroendocrine carcinoma that originates in the skin from cells that normally function as mechanoreceptors. It is an aggressive neoplasm that has a predilection for local recurrence, regional metastasis to lymph nodes, and distant metastasis to lung, liver, bone, and brain. MCC arises primarily on sun-exposed areas, with the head and neck being most commonly affected. Older, lighter-skinned individuals with a history of significant sun exposure are at the highest risk [
Although named after the cancer in which it was discovered, MCPyV is prevalent in normal skin, being detected in over 90% of forehead swabs from patients with MCC and in 60 to 80% of skin swabs from healthy volunteers [
That tumor immune surveillance exists in humans is supported by a number of clinical observations, including the increased risk of tumor development in immunosuppressed patients, instances of spontaneous tumor regression, and appearance of tumor-reactive antibodies and T cells. Several clinical observations implicate the immune response in the development and progression of MCC. Herein we review the role of the immune response on the incidence and course of MCC, including the role of MCPyV-specific immune responses. The potential for immune modulating therapies is also reviewed.
Immunosuppression caused by either therapy or by primary or secondary immunodeficiencies is associated with an increased risk of many malignancies. Although over 90% of MCC patients do not have any overt immune dysfunction, the association between MCC and immunosuppression is well established. It has been estimated that the risk of MCC increases 15-fold over the general population in immunosuppressed patients [
A 30-fold increased incidence of MCC in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) has been reported; an increased incidence has also been observed in patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [
In many solid tumors, including cutaneous melanoma, the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with a better prognosis, supporting a role for the immune response in regulating clinical course [
Studies of TILs in MCC.
|TIL Characterization
|Minimal/moderate = 17 (68%)
|"Heavy" infiltration was associated with poor prognosis in multivariate analysis.
|Depth of invasion was associated with poor prognosis in multivariate analysis.
|Heavy = 8 (32%)
|Absent = 8 (40%)
|"Absent" was an independent prognostic factor of DFI in multivariate analysis.
|Tumor size>30 mm, stage II, and the presence of >50% of Ki67+ tumor cells were found to be prognostic indicators of disease free interval in univariate analysis.
|Discontinuous = 12 (60%)
|Continuous = 0
|Absent = 81 (53%)
|"Present nondense" plus "Dense" was associated with longer survival in univariate analysis.
|Nodular growth pattern, low tumor depth, and absence of lymphovascular invasion were associated with longer survival on multivariate analysis.
|Present nondense = 55 (36%)
|Dense = 17 (11%)
|Not identified = 44 (34%)
|TILs were associates with better prognosis on univariate but not multivariate analyses.
|Intratumoral CD8+ was independently associated with improved survival in multivariate analysis.
|Non-brisk/Brisk = 86 (66%)
|CD8+ infiltrates (IHC) scored on a 0 to 5 scale
|Numbers of intratumoral CD3+, CD8+, CD16+, FoxP3+, and CD68+ cells (IHC) per 1 high power field
|High CD3+, CD8+, or FoxP3+ cells, and high CD8+/CD4+ or FoxP3+/CD4+ ratios, were significantly associated with favorable overall survival.
|Although the numbers of T cells are generally higher in MCPyV-positive than in MCPyV-negative MCC, high intratumoral T-cell counts are also associated with favorable survival in MCPyV-negative MCC.
Photomicrogaphs (10× magnification) of a cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma that is fragmented (H&E) and associated with an inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical stains reveal presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (CD3, CD8) and tumor infiltrating macrophages (CD163).
Photomicrographs (4× magnification) of a cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma displaying sheets of malignant cells (H&E) throughout the dermis. CD3 and CD8 immunostains highlight T-cells within the papillary dermis, but outside of the tumor. No intratumoral lymphocytes are present.
The relationship of TILs in MCC to MCPyV infection is not well established. Sihto
That a high tumor FoxP3+ Treg cell count was associated with favorable outcome in the studies of Sitho
Although limited by the heterogeneity of the tissues examined, several groups have applied molecular profiling techniques to examine intratumoral immune responses [
Although the mechanism for this phenomenon is uncertain, that the immune response influences progression of MCC is also supported by observations of spontaneous regression. It is difficult to determine the incidence of spontaneous regression of any cancer, primarily because treatment is usually initiated soon after diagnosis. Based on reviewing published reports, which are limited by reporting biases, the estimated rate of regression in MCC is 1.4%, which is very low [
Studies of primary and metastatic MCC that were observed to regress have demonstrated infiltration by immune cells, including CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ T cells and macrophages [
Several cancers have been associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes caused by activation of an immune response specific for self antigens expressed on tumor cells. These too support the immunogenicity of tumors; and although their impact is not established, there is evidence that the presence of an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome can confer a survival advantage in small-cell lung cancer [
The evidence that the reduction or withdrawal of immune suppression plays a role in the treatment of MCC is, for the most part, anecdotal but further support a role for immune surveillance in association with this rare malignancy. There are case reports of MCC regression in response to withdrawal of immune suppressive therapeutics such as azathioprine and cyclosporine [
Circulating antibodies against MCPyV viral capsid proteins are present in most patients with MCC and in approximately 50% of children under 15 and up to 80% of healthy people over 50 years of age in the general population. Although the prevalence of antibodies to viral capsid proteins in the general population is high, all studies have found that titers of IgG antibodies to MCPyV vial capsid proteins are higher in patients with MCC [
Compared to antibodies to viral capsid proteins, antibodies to MCPyV T-antigens are more specifically associated with MCC. T-antigens are not present in viral particles. They are only expressed after viral entry into host cell nuclei, and likely only elicit an antibody response when released by dying infected cells [
Whether humoral responses modulate clinical course is not known. Although antibodies recognizing MCPyV capsid and T-antigens are associated with MCC, they obviously do not protect against disease development. Higher anti-MCPyV capsid antibody titers were associated with a better disease-free survival in one study [
Although humoral response can contribute antitumor activity, the generation of cellular immunity is considered central to tumor elimination. T-cell responses have been described to occur against other polyomaviruses and to other cancer-associated viruses, such as human papilloma (HPV) and hepatitis C viruses, albeit infrequently [
Several cytokines have been effectively applied in cancer therapy. Because of their immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antiproliferative effects, interferons have been used to treat many malignancies. IFN-α is used in the adjuvant setting to treat patients with resected, high-risk cutaneous melanoma. It is also used to treat hepatitis B and C. The antiviral activity of IFN-α and IFN-β, both type I IFNs, has been demonstrated against polyomaviruses [
The systemic administration of type I IFNs has been reported to have antitumor activity in patients with MCC. There are case reports of tumor regression with IFN-alfa-2a at 3 million International Units (MIU) subcutaneously three times a week [
There are case reports of the potential antitumor activity of other immune regulatory cytokines in MCC. Two patients were treated with intra-lesional injection of natural human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [
One method of dealing with immune cell deficiencies in patients with cancer is to infuse immune cells generated
Topical immune modulators have been applied to treat a variety of skin cancers. Contact sensitizers such as dinitrochlorbenzol form stable conjugates with proteins in the epidermis and elicit cytokine production by skin cells. Sensitization has been shown to occur within the regional lymph nodes, where specific T cells come into contact with the bound dinitrochlorbenzol. A patient with multiple local and regional MCC metastases was reported to respond with complete regression to four weekly treatments of topically applied dinitrochlorbenzol [
Therapeutic vaccines have been an attractive approach to many refractory malignancies. Preclinical studies have supported their use in MCC. A DNA vaccine encoding the truncated LT-Ag was able to produce antitumor effects against LT-Ag-expressing tumor cells in a mouse model. Efficacy was found to be predominantly a result of CD4+ T cells, although NK cells and CD8+ T cells did contribute to the therapeutic effects [
Despite an increase in clinical and experimental data, how the immune response influences MCC development and progression remains poorly understood. It is highly likely that the immune system plays a central role in preventing and controlling MCC, as patients who are immunosuppressed for various reasons have an increased risk. There is evidence that high intratumoral T-cell counts and immune transcripts are associated with favorable survival. Spontaneous regressions also implicate immune effector mechanisms in MCC control. Immunogenicity is also supported by observation of autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes. Case reports suggest that immune modulation, including reduction of immune suppression, can result in MCC regression.
The relationships between MCPyV infection, the immune response, and MCC outcome also remain poorly understood. Circulating serum antibodies against MCPyV T antigen and capsid proteins are present in most individuals. MCPyV-reactive T-cells can be detected in the blood of both MCC patients and control subjects. These observations suggest that MCC often develops despite the presence of a humoral and cellular immune response against MCPyV. In the future, MCPyV-targeted immunotherapies may be developed. A better understanding on how MCPyV evades the immune response will be necessary, however, to develop effective treatments. Recent studies have focused on the production of microRNA by MCPyV that can mediate immune invasion [
Not all MCC tumors have been associated with MCPyV. Although the numbers of intratumoral T cells are generally higher in MCPyV-positive than in MCPyV-negative MCC, high intratumoral T-cell counts are also associated with favorable survival in MCPyV-negative MCC, suggesting that responses to non-MCPyV, tumor-associated antigens are operational. The identity of these antigens, however, is not currently known. Further characterization of tumor and TILs could lead to identification of these antigens and novel MCC targeted immunotherapies.
Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which T-cell activation is regulated has led to the identification of "checkpoint" molecules that inhibit T-cell reactivity. Ipilimumab, an antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory molecule present on activated T cells, is used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma [
The observations supporting a role for host immunity in the incidence and course of MCC suggest that immune modulating therapies could be highly effective in treating MCC. To date, however, there are only a few reports on the activity of immunotherapies in MCC. MCC is often approached therapeutically with approaches developed for the far more common skin cancer, melanoma, and for the far more common neuroendocrine carcinoma, small-cell lung. Given the emerging role of MCPyV in MCC, these extrapolations are tenuous. The incidence of MCC has been increasing [


text: Flickr User birdphone [ Jackson School District Hires an Interim Superintendent By Rosetta Key March 27, 2014 Jackson Township Board of Education members vote to hire an interim schools superintendent. Read More Category: News, Ocean County News Tags: Dr. Cheryl Simone, Interim School Superintendent, Jackson Township, Superintendent Lu Anne Meinders Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!

subset: commoncrawl


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- Sale
- New Arrivals
- Statues
- Home
- Zen Garden
- Jewelry
- Apparel
- Meditation
- Rituals
- Books & Gifts
This calming necklace is inspired by Zen teacher Thich Nhat Hanh – whose own handwriting is used in the design of each pewter pendant. The plum colored rope cord celebrates Thich Nhat Hanh's Plum Village in the heart of France, and the pendant design evokes the seals once used on handwritten letters and correspondences. Makes a wonderful reminder to stop and breathe every now and then!
"Feelings come and go like clouds in a windy sky. Conscious breathing is my anchor." – Thich Nhat Hanh


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The promise is a u-turn in the Bush administration's hardline approach which had ruled out any negotiations to reward Pyongyang's "nuclear blackmail".
It ends three months of stonewalling from the Bush administration after the North's admission that it was pursuing a clandestine uranium enrichment programme in defiance of international agreements.
The offer came on a day when North Korea threatened another escalation in the crisis, warning it would exercise new "options" and resume testing long-range missiles.
Mr Bush said yesterday he was open to reviving an aid package for North Korea he had been discussing with the Secretary of State, Colin Powell, before Pyongyang provoked the crisis last October by admitting its weapons programme.
"We expect this issue to be resolved peacefully," Mr Bush told reporters. "If they so choose to do so - their choice - then I will reconsider whether or not we'll start the bold initiative that I talked to Secretary Powell about."
The president offered no details on the aid that could be forthcoming. In recent weeks, World Food Programme officials have warned that hundreds of thousands in the North could go hungry this winter because of a shortfall in international donations.
The promise of a review of energy aid goes to the heart of the North's grievances with Washington - that it failed to fulfil promises to build power reactors to compensate Pyongyang for shutting down its nuclear programme in 1994.
The abrupt change in policy arrives at a time when conservative commentators in Washington had condemned the administration's approach as ill-conceived.
There were fears that the deepening crisis in Asia would complicate Washington's objective of an early war against Iraq.
The reversal of US policy was flagged on Monday when a spokesman for Mr Bush said that Washington was prepared to hold "technical" talks with junior North Korean officials as a prelude to more serious negotiations.
The White House also welcomed an offer yesterday from Pyongyang's nominal ally, China, to host such talks.
The apparent softening of Washington's stance coincided with a flurry of diplomatic initiatives to ease the crisis.
Russia announced that it would send an envoy to Pyongyang, Beijing and Washington to seek a solution.
"In the last few days certain hopeful steps and statements have emerged which I would say look to return the situation to what it was before the current crisis," said the Russian defence minister, Sergei Ivanov.
Pyongyang has maintained a willingness to negotiate. Yesterday, it welcomed a delegation of Australian diplomats to discuss the standoff and a UN ambassador to review the impact of the US and Japan halting food aid.
But it also issued a warning that it was prepared for a further escalation. "If the US responds to the DPRK's recent exercise of its option with new sanctions, it will exercise the second and third corresponding options," commented the Rodong Sinmun, the North's leading state newspaper.


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Though i plan to try this out late tonight, i was hoping to get some
feedback on it beforehand.
i plan to connect two offices through use of physical connections that
must include the captive portal. What i mean is that the only way to
connect the two locations is use of infrastructure that is using the
captive portal. so i'm thinking of just applying pass rules and setting
static IPs on those machines corresponding to the network outside the
captive portal. My question is this, when using the pass through mac, what
is actually happening? is it just routing the traffic around the portal?
Will the packets make it through the portal, through the pass rules and act
as usual (probably without multicast)?
let me know if anyone wants a report back on this.
Mike Nichols
+1 914 613 3334
mike at myownsoho dot com


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May 26, 2011 - 12:38pm
Favorite Recipe for Brioche Specifically for French Toast
I am looking for a Brioche recipe to use for French Toast. It doesn't have to be good for anything else as I plan to use it all for this purpose.
I have used the Golden Brioche from Epicurious and it was great but I might try something different this time. Also, how long do you let brioche stale before you use it? Do you wrap it when it's uncut or just leave it out?
http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/Golden-Brioche-107693 [1]


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|    :: LeoFiles :: Business :: Other
|EPS File Size Reduce Software software application by Sobolsoft.
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text:
Facebook's Deals service landed in Europe on Monday, three months after its US launch. Read more
© The Financial Times Ltd 2016 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.
Powerchip, Taiwan's biggest D-Ram company, said on Monday it was exiting the commodity PC D-Ram market in favour of making more specialised chips used in mobile computing devices such as tablets and smartphones.
Frank Huang, chairman, said his company would wind down its business of selling PC D-Ram chips under the Powerchip brand. Instead, Powership would become a contract manufacturer of PC D-Ram chips for long-time partner Elpida of Japan, the world's third biggest D-Ram company. Read more
|Email briefing


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The Australian Football League is pushing ahead with negotiations over its next television rights contract, hoping to raise a record $1 billion despite the Rudd government's indecision on how to treat the free-to-air TV networks' AFL stranglehold.
TV executives said that after more than a year of informal talks, AFL chief executive
The AFL hopes to pocket $1 billion for its 2012 to 2016 TV rights, a 28 per cent increase on the $780 million the
Media companies and sport organisations have been waiting since December for Communications Minister
Senator Conroy has finalised changes to the list covering all sports except one: AFL.
"Everything else has been reviewed and changes made here and there," a TV executive said. "The only part of the anti-siphoning list that's still in a state of flux is AFL.
"The risk for the AFL in starting negotiations now is that any deal it strikes might need to be overhauled when the government decides how the AFL should be treated under the anti-siphoning regime. But it's a risk the AFL is prepared to take."
The government is considering setting up three lists. The first would cover events that must be shown on free-to-air TV, including the AFL and National Rugby League finals, the Melbourne Cup, and the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Commonwealth Games.
The second list would cover events that the free-to-air networks would have first rights to, including AFL and NRL competition matches and key matches in other sports such as cricket, tennis, soccer and golf.
Events on the third list would be "open", that is, both free-to-air and pay TV companies could bid for them.
Senator Conroy was understood to have sent the proposed changes to the 16-year-old anti-siphoning list, which expires in December, to Prime Minister Kevin Rudd about eight weeks ago. A spokesperson for Senator Conroy said there was no update on when the changes would be announced. Media executives said calls to Senator Conroy's to discuss the review were being referred to Prime Minister Rudd's office.
Senator Conroy was understood to have made some concessions to Foxtel and its shareholders – Telstra, Rupert Murdoch's
"There will be no pain for the free-to-air networks out of this," a senior free-to-air TV executive said. "There's no love lost between the government and News Corp at the moment and Rudd is not in the mood to do any favours for News Corp or Foxtel.
"Besides, Rudd knows that if he takes too much away from us, we'll launch a massive PR campaign and shout how he is taking free TV sport away from the 70 per cent of Australians who don't have pay TV. No government wants that, particularly in an election year," the executive said.
Events such as non-centre court Wimbledon tennis matches and some overseas cricket matches and golf tournaments were expected to be placed on the third list.
But most of the events on the existing list will appear on the first or second list. The government was also expected to put Twenty20 cricket matches and some A-League soccer games – which are not on the existing list – on the second list.
Free-to-air TV executives were confident the government would allow them to run listed events first on their digital channels such as Ten Network's One, ABC2, Seven Network's 7Two and Nine Network's Go.
Under the existing anti-siphoning rules, listed events must be shown first on the main free-to-air channels.
"We'll get the right to run things first on the digital channels, but that doesn't mean we will do that," said one senior network executive. "We need to get the biggest possible audiences, and therefore ad revenue, for sporting events and only 70 per cent of households have digital TV sets."
AFL executives were not available for comment, but media executives said Mr Demetriou was lobbying aggressively for four of the AFL's weekly matches to be put on the third list, enabling Foxtel to bid for them directly.
Seven and Ten's AFL contract runs until late 2011. The AFL traditionally finalises its new TV rights deal at least 12 months before its existing deal expires.
"The AFL can no longer let the uncertainty over how it will be treated in the new anti-siphoning regime stop it from doing a deal," said one TV executive. "It needs to get moving."
In 2005, a last-minute bid from Nine's then owner, the late Kerry Packer, forced Seven and Ten to pay $780 million for the 2007-to-2011 TV rights to the AFL. The networks on-sold the rights to four live matches, plus replays, to Foxtel and Austar United Communications for $315.5 million in cash and contra advertising over five years.
AFL executives argue the addition of a Gold Coast team next year and a western Sydney team in 2012 – coupled with AFL's strong TV ratings in all states except NSW and Queensland – make their TV rights more valuable.
Seven and Ten are contractually bound to bid together for the 2012-to-2016 AFL TV rights contract.
In May last year, Seven offered $820 million for the contract. But Ten scuttled the offer, arguing the $780 million paid for the existing contract had been artificially inflated by Nine's bid.
Harold Mitchell, executive chairman of media buying company Mitchell Communication Group, said the AFL would get $1 billion for its next media rights contract, but not for the TV rights alone.
"The $1 billion will come from a range of areas, including TV networks, mobile phone companies and internet companies," he said.
Mr Mitchell has advised the AFL on its TV rights contracts since 1992, but said he had not been consulted about the next contract.
"The AFL is an attractive media product. It has wide geographic appeal, which will increase with the addition of the Gold Coast and western Sydney teams, and broad appeal in terms of age, sex and income.
"It also offers a lot of volume of programming for the TV networks."
Earlier this year Nine chief executive
But he confirmed Nine was holding informal talks with the AFL.
"No one will pay $1 billion just for the TV rights," said one TV executive. "But Demetriou might get to $1 billion across all media rights, that is, TV, mobile phone and internet."
In March Senator Conroy indicated the anti-siphoning regime might be extended to cover internet rights, that is, to prevent online companies from grabbing the rights to sporting events currently seen on the free-to-air networks.
"The whole point of the list is to ensure Australians get to see sport on free-to-air TV," he said. "If you leave [the internet] outside the anti-siphoning laws, you could undermine the public policy purpose of the list."
The Australian Financial Review


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Guest reviews for Hive Khaolak Beach Resort
Hive Khaolak Beach Resort
Location:Khao Lak, Khao Lak South Beach
Address:7/3 Moo 2, Khao Lak Beach, Lamkaen
City:A. Thai Muang, Phang-Nga 82210
Start Rate:48 USD
|Room Types:Deluxe Garden View, Deluxe Pool View, Deluxe Pool Access, Deluxe Beach Front
March 4, 2014
by Ivo Mohyla
Visit Date:February 23, 2014
"not good cleaning"
February 22, 2014
by Jan Pettersson
Visit Date:February 14, 2014
"A hotel who in general is OK, however some organizational problems seems to occur among the hotel staff. In our case, the hotel failed to pick us up at the airport even though we pre-booked the transfer from the airport to the hotel. The personal in the reception/information desk was not always service minded (seems to be tired and uninspired). Other things to note, is that the beds were harder than normal (although the beds in Thailand normally are hard). The number of sunbeds at the hotel didn't match the number of guests, even worse was the number of parasol… [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"
February 12, 2012
by Peter Christian Steen Svendsen
Visit Date:January 30, 2012
"Great hotel, with very good service and right at a very nice beach in the Khao Lak area. Our family had a great stay."
Very easy booking, February 6, 2012
by Eva-Gun Oskarsson
Visit Date:January 27, 2012
"Very beutiful place with a long tropical beach. Very quite airia perfekt for families. Nice small lokal resturangs around."
February 7, 2011
by Darby Line
Visit Date:February 4, 2011
"Beautiful location, very clean, and very pleasant staff. Several shops within walking distance and transport into town available through the resort. Downside: the beds and pillows were the hardest I ve ever experienced and none of my party slept well for our entire stay."
OK., January 23, 2011
by Per Skoglund
Visit Date:January 8, 2011
"VARNING FÖR DETTA HOTELL!!Vi insjuknade hela familjen i magsjuka med våldsamma kräkningar och diare. Likaså drabbades samtliga övriga hotellgäster.Bakterier i maten som hotellet sen ej ville kännas vid trots att alla gäster var sjuka. Efter 3 dagar flydde vi och bokade in oss på hotellet La Own....vilket blev räddningen för oss. Detta hotell i Khao Lak kan vi verkligen rekommendera! Proffsig personal och hög standard på boendet till ett mycket bra pris."
On Sawadee.com the price for a garden view room was said to be about 4300 THB but we were charged 5000 THB., January 17, 2011
by Bernt Erson
Visit Date:January 4, 2011
"Quite nice hotel with a very nice beach and a very nice pool area just close to the beach. Good breakfast. Only limited shopping close to the hotel.Better shopping 5 km away by tuktuk(150 THB each way). Good but only a few restaurants close by. Do walk a little way on the beach! Cheaper restaurants and idyllic beach just a short distance away!The 3 setbacks of this place was during our stay:1. A lot of people (we saw many) were badly burned by jelly fish, so after one in my family got hurt we didn´t go into the ocean at all.2. About 20 people at the hotel got a really disastrous fever-vomiting and diarrhea disease, while we stayed at this hotel. All 6 of us got really sick, 9 out of 10 in another group were sick, others were also affected. If this was a food poisoning or an influenza was hard to say, there was a debate regarding this. Some avoided the hotel restaurant after this happened.3. The New Year compulsory (you had to pay an outrageous 3500 THB for it) gala dinner was terrible and way overpriced. A normal good meal at the restaurants was 50 to 180 THB. The food on New year´s eve was OK (but we suspect it made us sick as mentioned above). The elephant show was canceled due to rain, the female entertainment singer sang to a CD(Karaoke). The Thai dancing troupe suffered from massive technical problems with the music (horribly bad). The Thai boxing performance was a joke. The final drag show with playback music was also really bad.The New Year´s eve fireworks were excellent from the close by two bigger hotel complexes(mediocre from our hotel).Would we visit this hotel again? I doubt it. Although a decent hotel with excellent beach and pool area, the jelly fish and the vomiting/diarrhea disease turned us off. [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"
November 29, 2010
by Katarina
Visit Date:November 18, 2010
"Nice hotel, very nice room ( beach front villa ), nice but small pool, nice beach very close. Coffee shop and pool Bar not open yet. Nice surroundings but a little bit off. Perfect if you want peace and calm and not to many people trying to sell you stuff. Quite many restaurants to chose from. Would definately recommend the place. [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"
Bravo as always!, September 2, 2010
by Adam Ehrenraich
Visit Date:August 23, 2010
"We stayed in a pool front villa for a week, actually we prolonged our staying.The room was fantastic.Cleaned every day and well equipped.Personnel most friendly and helpful. Our villa was 40 meters from the beach with fantastic view. Two main issues - Khao Lak has no tourists when off season and the place looks pretty abandoned. Near the resort there is a construction site which is very noisy during the days, I guess they ll finish by next high season so will be irrelevant. [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"
good as always., March 18, 2010
by Carola Fassl
Visit Date:March 16, 2010
"Well, this place is not a 4 star hotel, I guess a good 2-3 star classification would be ok. The room, we had the family room was quite smaller than 48sqm as it is published on the hotels webside. The bed was so hard that we had to ask for an extra pilling to be put on top of the matrace. The breakfast must have been the worst ever I had in Thailand, for 14 days no change, salami sausage, cheese, pineaple, melon, sometimes there was papaya, the coffee tasted really burned. Once I told the waitress, hoping that she would bring fresh coffee, but that was a no go. The staff at the breakfast restaurant would rather talk with each other than serving theír guests. We never saw any supervisors, so I guess the staff was just hanging up their time. The only highlight was the roomattendant. She was very thoughtfull. You get better hotels for this price. We surely wont go back to this hotel. [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"
February 21, 2010
by N C Brown
Visit Date:February 19, 2010
"Perfect situation on beach.Local shops"
This is our sixth booking through thaiguide and every booking has worked fine every time., February 18, 2010
by Erhardt Nielsen
Visit Date:February 16, 2010
"The place is located a few kilometers south of Khao Lak town very near the beach in beautiful surroundings. However, restaurants and some shops in the neighbourhood fullfilled or needs. Only exception is that we needed to go to Khao Lak as we didn t found an ATM in the vicinity. The staff is friendly and facilities are nice and clean. Only mistake was that we didn t manage to get the free thai massage as the guy appeared to be busy every time we asked. Overall we would absolutely recommend Khao Lak Diamond Beach Resort to friends and family. [R24 integr.ERR:escaping]"


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December 21, 2012
Aging Rock Stars Don't Look Good With Their Shirts Off!
Of course, an exception is made for Iggy Pop.
Basically, the New York Times went on Twitter and made fun of the old rock stars at the 12–12-12 concert. How is that not fun?
"I will donate $1,000 to #121212Concert if Roger Daltry buttons his shirt," tweeted Alan Zweibel, 62, a comedy writer.
Okay, so maybe not everything in it is revelatory…
… it is no wonder the new tonsorial compromise of choice for aging rockers is strategic baldness.


text:
Celebrities on Set | Week of March 15, 2013
Emma Stone, Tom Hardy, Isla Fisher, and More Stars on Set
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Emma Stone, Tom Hardy, Isla Fisher, and More Stars on Set
Hollywood stars had a heavy workload this week. Tom Hardy got a lot of face-licking love from his latest costar on the set of Animal Rescue in Brooklyn, while Ryan Kwanten wielded weaponry as he shot scenes for True Blood in LA. Emma Stone was pretty in purple for Amazing Spider-Man 2 scenes in NYC, and down in Miami, Isla Fisher was on the beach in a bikini. Click through to see more of this week's stars on set!


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Brandeis Study
In 2005, Brandeis University's Center for Youth and Communities conducted an independent, retrospective survey of FIRST Robotics Competition participants and compared results to a group of non-FIRST students with similar backgrounds and academic experiences, including math and science. Highlights of the study's findings include:
When compared with the comparison group, FIRST students are:
- More than 3 times as likely to major specifically in engineering.
- Roughly 10 times as likely to have had an apprenticeship, internship, or co-op job in their freshman year.
- Significantly more likely to expect to achieve a post graduate degree.
- More than twice as likely to expect to pursue a career in science and technology.
- Nearly 4 times as likely to expect to pursue a career specifically in engineering.
- More than twice as likely to volunteer in their communities.
The executive summary provides an excellent overview. Or click here for more information.


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Two Vampire Weekend posts in like a month? Who am I?Anyway, the band has yet another video with spiritual elements. This time it's for their single "Diane Young." In the video, the band, plus fellow musicians like Santigold, Sky Ferreira, and Chromeo create a sort of neo-hipster Last Supper. It's pretty, even if the song's not as good as "Oxford Comma." … [Read more...]
Vampire Weekend Creates an Indie-Rock Last Supper
June 5, 2013 by Leave a Comment
Vampire Weekend's New Single Asserts That Zion Doesn't Love You
May 9, 2013 by Leave a Comment
I think of Vampire Weekend as a disaffected art rock band, but do they have a spiritual side? Their latest single, "Ya Hey" (a pun on one of the Jewish names for G-d, Yahweh) contains quite a few spiritual lyrics, like "Zion doesn't love you/and Babylon don't love you," and refers to whoever "you" is as a "saint."The video is deliberately oblique, just showing people (mostly wearing muslin wraps that look like togas, or standing in front of the Chrysler Building) opening bottles of … [Read more...]


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AS the NRL coaching merry-go-round cranks up following the sacking of Bulldogs coach Kevin Moore, Cronulla are making moves to secure the services of their coach Shane Flanagan beyond 2012.
Chief executive Damien Irvine showed his support for Ricky Stuart's former understudy by extending his one-year contract into 2012 at the beginning of the season. Irvine said Flanagan was hands off to rivals, with the club to negotiate a new contract in coming months - more than 12 months before his present contract expires.
''There's plenty more to do yet but I'm a big believer in that you can't have coaches of your side going into a season with one year left on their contract,'' Irvine told the Sun-Herald.
''Particularly when you are recruiting because you've got players signing one and two-year deals and they need to know there's security. So, we're definitely looking at doing something.
''We got the right guy last time and we're very, very happy. We couldn't be happier and we don't like to leave things in an unstable environment, so we wouldn't want to go into next year with speculation surrounding his future.
''We'll get it done at the end of the season. We'll sit down and try and finalise a deal.''
Irvine came under criticism for extending Flanagan's deal before a ball had even been kicked in anger this year but said the coach's strong recruitment drive and results with an under-strength side this season were proof enough that he had what it takes to remain at the top level.
''We received some criticism over the break for extending Shane's contract into 2012 but it was a really smart move we felt,'' Irvine said.
''Not only do we think he's the right coach for this club, we haven't been included in any of the discussions about the Dragons, Knights, Penrith and now Canterbury.
''We've just started building some momentum and some stability, so he hasn't been a part of any of the rumours when coaching jobs become available.
''I've got all the faith in the world in him. You've got to give people time and he's got them going. We've obviously got goals and we want to see things keep progressing but we're really happy with what he's done considering the amount of injuries and distractions we've had.
''His recruiting has been very strong and dispelled those thoughts from people that we can't attract footballers. The guys he's brought in, like Wade Graham, Colin Best and Jeremy Smith, and with the guys next year, it's looking good.
''If the guy was the right guy for our board and our club - which I 100 per cent agree with for so many reasons - last year, then not much has changed in that period of time. I can assure you that.''
In other news, David Fairleigh is tipped to join Penrith as an assistant to coach Ivan Cleary next season. The former North Sydney and Newcastle forward has worked as a consultant coach to Cleary at the Warriors and is seen as a good fit.
Fairleigh, who played 15 Tests and 10 Origin matches for NSW, is earmarked as the inaugural Central Coast Bears coach if the franchise gains an NRL licence.
Asked about Penrith, Fairleigh said: ''Obviously, the granting of an NRL licence to the Central Coast Bears is taking longer than we would have liked and I've got a couple of options, which I'm currently looking at.''
And caretaker Penrith coach Steve Georgallis looks set to continue coaching abroad after several English Super League clubs expressed interest .


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You can post a new question from the country page to which the question is relevant to, or at the bottom right hand of this page.
to post a new question or answer excisting ones
Please don't spam this forum with your new surf camp / charter / villa / surf school. Go to SurferDream.com and list your business there for free.
The GlobalSurfers forum has been the leading surf travel resource for over 18 years, so keep it friendly and relevant. Happy posting!
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« on: October 29 2007 17:10:00 »
I have a couple lots in Iguanas and the crowds are thick but with the golf course right there you can out last the JJ and the Daggers. Dawn Patrol/Golf/Explore/Check Crowd level/Golf/Surf sunset session when the crowds have left. Oh well I would be bitter if the Golf COurse was not there but the course is a saving grace.
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #1 on: February 11 2008 11:02:00 »
Agree with your comments, people who find a place and then do everything to spoil it drive me nuts. I'm married to a nica and have a small house and garden . hoping to surf into my old age in a tranqilo place . guess not. Ive done it the old way working and saving and scrimping her to surf later without exploiting the nicas and ruining the surf thru overcrowding. Guess my only chance is to stay as fit as possible and surf early in the morning. Buena onda, Jay
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #2 on: February 12 2008 11:02:00 »
hey jay.im in the same boat.except not married to a nica .
hope i see you in the mix one day. i'll be the guy smiling when the day is done.
i have a land near these guys'z spots. i have worked super hard to put my dream together. hope i dont get lumped into this mess.
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #3 on: March 13 2008 11:03:00 »
so says dave the yank/aus/euro guy
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #4 on: March 16 2008 09:03:00 »
Funny how so many people are complaining about the waves being too crowded and tourist not getting enough for their $$... take a look... the people out their on the waves with you are about 80% NON Nica! stop complaining and suck it up.. they are there to enjoy their trip and the wave just like you are... have some paciencia... live the surf culture... chill out!!
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #5 on: March 30 2008 08:03:00 »
Yea Elizabeth, would love to come visit then.....Thankx Robert!
RE: crowds in nicaragua????????????« Reply #6 on: July 18 2008 15:07:00 »
most of these guys are never seen in the water anyways... phags.
go everywhere.
experience everything.
be happy.
kick rocks.


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Items where Subject is "Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES (220000) > APPLIED ETHICS (220100) > Human Rights and Justice Issues (220104)"
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- Subjects classification (49028)
- Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (49028)
- Human Rights and Justice Issues (220104) (33)
- Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (49028)
Group by: Authors/Creators | Item Type
Jump to: Book | Book Chapter | Journal Article | Conference Paper | Conference Item | Creative Work | Review | Working Paper
Number of items at this level: 33.
Francis, Angus J., Sampford, Charles, & Thakur, Ramesh (Eds.) (2011) The Laws of Protection : Protection of Civilians and the Responsibility to Protect. United Nations University Press, Tokyo. (In Press)
Dragiewicz, Molly (2011) Equality with a vengeance : men's rights groups, battered women, and antifeminist backlash. Northeastern University Press, Boston.
Book Chapter
Coghill, Ken, Sampford, Charles, & Smith, Tim (2012) 'Rulers' duty to the environment. In Coghill, Ken, Sampford, Charles, & Smith, Tim (Eds.) Fiduciary Duty and the Atmospheric Trust. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Surrey, England.
Davies, Sara E. (2008) International Law and the State of Exception. In Bellamy, Alex J., Bleiker, Roland, Davies, Sara E., & Devetak, Richard (Eds.) Security and the War on Terror. Routledge, Hampshire, UK.
Lewis, Bridget (2015) The Contribution of Human Rights to the Effectiveness and Integrity of the Global Carbon Regime. In Breakey, Hugh, Popovski, Vesselin, & Maguire, Rowena (Eds.) Ethical Values and the Integrity of the Climate Change Regime. Ashgate, Farnham, Surrey, UK, pp. 179-188.
Page, James S. (2008) The United Nations and peace education. In Bajaj, Monisha (Ed.) Encyclopedia of peace education. Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, pp. 75-83.
Sampford, Charles (2012) Trust, governance and the good life. In Coghill, Ken, Sampford, Charles, & Smith, Tim (Eds.) Fiduciary Duty and the Atmospheric Trust. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Surrey, England.
Singh, Namita & Notley, Tanya M. (2009) A strategy for making media. In Message in-a-Box : Tools and Tactics for Communicating Your Cause [2nd Ed.]. Tactical Technology Collective, pp. 8-16.
Journal Article
Collins, Nina & Woodley, Alan (2013) Social water assessment protocol : a step towards connecting mining, water and human rights. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 31(2), pp. 158-167.
Cook, Peta S. (2007) Informed Consent and Human Rights: Some Regulatory Challenges of Xenotransplantation. Social Alternatives, 26(4), pp. 29-34.
Davies, Sara (2004) Start looking south : the Refugee Convention fifty years on. The International Journal of Human Rights, 8(3), pp. 355-366.
Davies, Sara E. (2006) The Asian rejection: International refugee law in Asia. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 52(4), pp. 562-575.
Davies, Sara E. (2006) Saving refugees or saving borders? Southeast Asian states and the Indochinese refugee crisis. Global Change, Peace and Security, 18(1), pp. 3-24.
Davies, Sara E. (2002) 'Truly' International Refugee Law? Or Yet Another East/West Divide? Social Alternatives, 21(4).
Dragiewicz, Molly (2010) A left realist approach to antifeminist fathers' rights groups. Crime, Law and Social Change, 54(2), pp. 197-212.
Farrell, Ann, Danby, Susan J., Skoien, Petra V., & Quadrelli, Carol A. (2001) Women inmates' accounts of education in Queensland corrrections. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education, 6(1 & 2), pp. 47-61.
Hart, Phoebe (2012) The examined life. Living Ethics : Newsletter of the St. James Ethics Centre, 87(Autumn), p. 5.
Lewis, Bridget (2012) Human rights and environmental wrongs : achieving environmental justice through human rights law. International Journal for Crime and Justice, 1(1), pp. 65-73.
Maguire, Rowena & Lewis, Bridget (2012) The influence of justice theories on international climate policies and measures. Macquarie Journal of International and Comparative Environmental Law, 8(1), pp. 16-35.
Riaz, Shamreeza (2012) Expulsion of Afghan refugees from Pakistan: A violation of principle of non-refoulement. International Journal of Terrorism and Political Hot Spots, 7(1-2), pp. 93-100.
Riaz, Shamreeza (2011) Implementation mechanism: Protection against harassment of women at workplace. Hamdard Islamicus, 34(2), pp. 69-94.
Riaz, Shamreeza (2012) Sexual harassment: A threat to gradual women emancipation. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies, 6, pp. 233-249.
Riaz, Shamreeza (2013) Shariah perspective on marriage contract and practice in contemporary Muslim societies. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 3(3), pp. 263-267.
Riley, Helen (2013) Confronting the conspiracy of silence and denial of difference for late discovery adoptive persons and donor conceived people. Australian Journal of Adoption, 7(2).
Sampford, Charles (2011) Towards a global carbon integrity system : learning from the GFC and avoiding a GCC. Low Carbon Economy, 2, pp. 210-219.
Suzor, Nicolas P., Harpur, Paul D., & Thampapillai, Dilan (2008) Digital copyright and disability discrimination: From braille books to bookshare. Media & Arts Law Review, 13(1), p. 1.
Willmott, Lindy, White, Benjamin P., & Downie, Jocelyn (2013) Withholding and withdrawal of 'futile' life-sustaining treatment : unilateral medical decision-making in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Law and Medicine, 20(4), pp. 907-924.
Conference Paper
Trocki, Carl A. (2005) David Marshall and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Singapore. In Chua, Beng Huat, Trocki, Carl A., & Barr, Michael D. (Eds.) Paths Not Taken: Political Pluralism in Postwar Singapore, 14-15 July 2005, Asia Research Institue, National University of Singapore. (Unpublished)
Conference Item
Hart, Phoebe (2015) Intersex people in the workplace. In Pride in Practice LGBTI Workplace Conference, 30 November - 2 December 2015, Rydges World Square, Sydney, N.S.W. (Unpublished)
Mathews, Benjamin P. & Bross, Donald C. (2008) Does the Protection of Children's Rights to Safety Require a System of Mandatory Reporting of Abuse and Neglect? An Argument. In XVIIth ISPCAN International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, September 7-10 2008, Hong Kong.
Creative Work
Hart, Phoebe & Hart, Bonnie (2016) Phoebe & Bonnie Hart, Family - LGBTI+ History Month Schools ToolKit. [Digital/Creative Work]
Hart, Phoebe (2008) Gender studies : Intersex by Catherine Harper. M/C Journal.
Working Paper
Black, Eve, Bond, Kylie, Briffa, Tony, Carpenter, Morgan, Cody, Candice, David, Alex, et al. (2017) Darlington Statement: Joint consensus statement from the intersex community retreat in Darlington, March 2017. Sydney, NSW. [Working Paper]


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Single Honours Law at Winchester explores questions pertinent to today's world. Students may find themselves discussing such topics as what protection you have from discrimination in the workplace or whether you might infringe any third party rights when downloading music from the internet.
2017 Entry: 104-120 points
2018 Entry: 112-120 points
*UCAS has changed the way they calculate the tariff for courses starting in September 2017. Find out more about the new tariff.
A GCSE A*- C or 9-4 pass in English Language is required.
3 years full-time; 6 years part-time
26 points
Year 1/Level 4: IELTS 6.0 (including 6.0 in writing) or equivalent.
2017 Entry Full-time £9,250** p/aPart-Time fees are calculated on a pro rata basis of the full-time fee for a 120 credit course. The fee for a single credit is £77 and a 15 credit module is £1,156. Part-time students can take up to a maximum 90 credits per year, so the maximum fee in a given year will be the government permitted maximum fee of £6,939.Total Cost: £27,750** (3 years)
2017 Entry Full-time £11,600** p/aTotal Cost: £34,800** (3 years)
For further details click here
To find out what general costs are included or excluded in the course fees, such as textbooks and travel expenses, please click here
Accredited by the Bar Standards Board and Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) for the purpose of a Qualifying Law Degree.
Taught elements of the course take place on the King Alfred Campus or at West Downs, Winchester
UK, EU, World
The Law programme at the University is designed to facilitate the development of professional skills such as mooting and negotiation.
The city of Winchester has been central to the English legal system for centuries.
94% of students are satisfied with the quality of the course (https://unistats.direct.gov.uk)
University of Winchester students studying Bachelor Honours degrees are pre-approved to start a Masters degree at Winchester. To be eligible students must apply by the end of March in their final year and meet the entry requirements of their chosen Masters degree.
For more information about the University of Winchester's terms and conditions click here.
**Indicative Fees for 2017/18 Home and EU students are £9,250 per year. Whilst the inflationary fee increases in tuition fees and student support loans have been announced by the Minister, they are still subject to formal parliamentary approval and the approval of The University of Winchester Board of Governors. International fees are still subject to approval from the University of Winchester Board of Governors.
Remember, you don't have to pay any of this upfront if you are able to get a tuition fee loan from the UK Government to cover the full cost of your fees each year. You can find out more here.
If finance is a worry for you, we are here to help. Take a look at the range of support we have on offer. This is a great investment you are making in your future so make sure you know what is on offer to support you.
Law affects all aspects of life and society and is the mechanism for change employed by governments across the globe. From the protection of life and liberty, through corporate law to international relations, the law is centre stage. This programme is ideal for students who are interested in becoming a practising solicitor or barrister, as well as those seeking more wide-ranging careers in both the public and private sectors.
Throughout the programme, students have lots of opportunities for developing vital skills such as legal research, negotiation and mooting. Mooting (presenting a legal argument) in particular brings law alive and enables students to research a case and construct an argument to defeat an opponent.
These skills are invaluable as teaching techniques to help develop successful law graduates. The emphasis on skills-based learning is a core component of the programme and forms a key element in the assessment pattern. Students are assessed through traditional examination methods to a minimal extent and give equal and appropriate emphasis to skills-based assessments.
Students intending to qualify as solicitors or barristers have to complete an academic stage of training before going on to a vocational stage. All law degrees recognised by the Law Society and the Bar Council (known as Qualifying Law Degrees) involve the study of seven key subjects - the 'Foundations of Legal Knowledge'.
The LLB is a Qualifying Law Degree recognised by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board through the Joint Academic Stage Board.
Core modules:
Optional modules:
For further information about modules, please view the course leaflet (see right-hand side).
Please note the modules listed are correct at the time of publishing, for full-time students entering the programme in Year 1. Optional modules are listed where applicable. Please note the University cannot guarantee the availability of all modules listed and modules may be subject to change. For further information please refer to the terms and conditions at www.winchester.ac.uk/termsandconditions. The University will notify applicants of any changes made to the core modules listed above.
The University aims to shape 'confident learners' by enabling students to develop the skills to excel in their studies here and be transferable to further studies or the employment market. Throughout the course emphasis is placed on practical employability skills such as negotiation, advocacy and presentation. Staff and students form a community of learners who, together and independently, seek to generate and exchange knowledge. Over the duration of the course, students develop independent and critical learning, building confidence and expertise progressively through independent and collaborative research, problem solving, and analysis with the support of staff. Students take responsibility for their own learning and are encouraged to make use of the wide range of available learning resources available.
In addition to the formally scheduled contact time (i.e. lectures, seminars etc), students are encouraged to access academic support from staff within the course team, personal tutors and the wide range of services to students within the University.
The University has been reviewing its attendance policies, as have we in the Department. We require a minimum of 50% attendance in subject tutorials. A drop below this for any reason has meant that you cannot sit assessments in that subject on the basis that learning outcomes cannot be met. Whilst this remains true, some students have interpreted this as being a target to meet and once achieved attendance is abandoned. This is obviously counter-productive to your success. There is a direct link between attending and doing well, the latest stats available to us show that there is between 5-10% reduction in marks for every tutorial you miss.
For more information about our regulations for this course, please see our Academic Regulations, Policies and Procedures library
The University is committed to providing timely and appropriate feedback to students on their academic progress and achievement, enabling them to reflect on their progress and plan their academic and skills development effectively. Students are also encouraged to seek additional feedback from their course tutors and lecturers.
At the University of Winchester validated programmes may adopt a range of means of assessing your learning. An indicative, and not necessarily comprehensive, list of assessment types you might encounter includes essays, portfolios, supervised independent work, presentations, written exams, or practical performances. The University is committed to ensuring that all students have an equal opportunity to achieve module learning outcomes. As such, where appropriate and necessary, students with recognised disabilities may have alternative assignments set that continue to test how successfully they have met the module's learning outcomes. Further details on assessment types used in the programme you are interested in can be found on the course page, by attending an Open Day/Evening, or contacting our teaching staff.
Graduates may choose to go on to the vocational stage of training which is required before beginning to practice law either as a solicitor or a barrister. Others enter a wide range of careers in the private and public sectors.
Explore the graduate profiles for this course: Albert - Maritime Law LLM, Southampton For more information about graduate employment for the Law department
At the University of Winchester, we are committed to ensuring all our students gain employability skills to enable you to enter graduate level jobs and pursue the profession of your choice, for more information please read the Employability Statement.
The Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) record collects information about what those completing university go on to do six months after graduation. The Careers Service undertakes DLHE on an annual basis through surveys and a data collection process. DLHE is designed and strictly controlled by HESA.
While DLHE provides accurate information about first destinations, this data needs to be viewed with some degree of care. Six months after leaving university is often a time of much uncertainty and change for leavers; many will be unsure of their long-term career plans and may take a temporary job or time out. The destinations of graduates only six months out of university do not necessarily reflect longer term career success and are therefore a crude measure of employability. Therefore, DLHE data should be viewed as merely a 'snapshot' of one particular year's experiences at a specific point in time.
International students seeking additional information about this programme can send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com or call +44 (0)1962 827023
Explore our campus and find out more about studying at Winchester
Key Information Sets for this course:


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The penguin is a long-held symbol of Carleton College dating back to the Antarctic adventures of President Laurence Gould, who brought Oscar the Penguin to the college, a meter-tall stuffed animal currently on display in Gould Library. During the first half of 2005-2006, there was much debate among students about changing the college's official mascot from knight to penguin. The debate petered out as student opinion reached a deadlock and the discussion did not become a part of the college's official agenda.
Even so, the penguin remains a revered symbol at Carleton. Illustrations of penguins adorn Gould Library and its website especially.
External links
- Emperor Penguin Treatment Report - Details on treatment of Oscar after a student abduction


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Two Reagan books, by two Reagan sons, arriving in bookstores at the same time? You just had to know there would be fireworks.
My Father at 100, written by Ron Reagan, may be the most intimate and revealing work yet about the former president. Second only to the former first lady in his nearness to the subject, son Ron playfully relives his impish, childish provocations of his famous father: "Nobody can muddy a hero's cape as casually as an insolent teenager.'' *
The resulting reactions are lively, driving the guileless, calm father to the verge of fisticuffs. Elsewhere Ron Reagan captures his father's hapless intellectual attempt to justify the early American war against the Indians.
Ron Reagan's narrative, focusing mainly on the president's early years in life, starts slow and is sometimes cumbersome. But the book grows on you, page by page, or I should say that Ron's sarcasm and ability to invoke nostalgia grow on you, and they eventually seduce. You'll want to stay with this story because it finishes with a flourish, offering a first-person view of some of the most dramatic moments in the life of our 40th president. Here is information that historians will find nowhere else.
The chaotic scene at George Washington University Hospital, just after the 1981 assassination attempt, is an example. At the time, carefully crafted White House stories, replete with one-liners, reassured the public, but the view from a son is altogether different. At one point a panicky president Reagan writes a short note: "I CAN'T BREATHE!'' Ron leans over the bed. "It's OK, Dad. You're going to be OK. You've got a tube in your throat. It's like scuba-diving. Just let the machine breathe for you.''
Ideologues who have been angered by potshots coming from his adopted half brother, Michael, will be surprised by the deep love the liberal son had for his conservative father. And even now, he respects the late president's political views and decides, in this book, at least, to let old arguments lie: "I argued plenty with my father while he was alive. I have no intention of picking a fight with him now that he is gone and can't defend himself.''
Meanwhile, The New Reagan Revolution, by Michael Reagan, is the quintessential version of "what would Reagan do''. *
It offers a behind-the-scenes, first-person account of Ronald Reagan's dramatic rise to power, loaded with personal vignettes.
Michael Reagan attempts, rather successfully, to fit today's issues into the political template of yesterday's conservative leader, but his greater focus is on the basics, the principles that guided the president, like fixed stars in the firmament. Michael writes that no new issues or events make those basics any less true or relevant today.
Grief counsellers warn that survivors of the death of a parent will often turn on each other during the grieving process. And the arrival of these two books, from a liberal Reagan and a conservative one, both on book tours at the same time, has led to a public spat. Michael is appalled at Ron's suggestion that their father's Alzheimer's may have been affecting him even while he served as president. He has been wondering aloud what Nancy, Ron's mother, is thinking.
This attempt to pit the mother against the son reveals the fragility in this family; one doubts that it would have happened if the father's image as a capable leader were not at stake. Ron, for his part, flaunts his intimacy with his dad. "Unlike my siblings – taking their memoirs at face value – I never felt particularly deprived of my father's company,'' he writes. Michael counters with a story of a family dinner, when the president put his hand on Michael's and said that he hoped some day Ron would become a Christian "like you and me''.
Michael tells of being thrown by his father into a swimming pool to learn how to swim – or sink – on his own. Great tactic, Michael concludes, but one has to wonder. And Ron constantly tries to bridge the gulf between his father and the left by describing gently how his father had "difficulty extending his sympathies to abstract classes of people. An obliviousness that was, understandably, taken for callousness.''
Most sons are on a lifelong journey in search of the approval of their father. Long after those fathers are gone, the journey continues. And sometimes that process becomes more creative when the father is not there to contradict the conclusions. The only thing different about the process in this family is that the father is an American icon. A process that is normally dignified by privacy is now open to the world. The result? Two books, two views, with much more in common than either author might imagine.
The Australian Financial Review


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Water cooler
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A water cooler or water dispenser is a device that cools and dispenses water. They are generally broken up in two categories: bottleless and bottled water coolers. Bottleless water coolers are connected to a water supply, while bottled water coolers require delivery (or self-pick-up) of water in large bottles from vendors.
Water cooler may also refer to a primitive device for keeping water cool.[1]
- 1 Dispenser types
- 2 Water source and purification
- 3 Cooling and heating methods
- 4 Water cooler effect
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Dispenser types[edit]
The wall-mounted type is connected to the building's water supply for a continuous supply of water and electricity to run a refrigeration unit to cool the incoming water, and to the building's waste disposal system to dispose of unused water.
In the standard wall-mounted cooler, also commonly referred to as a water fountain or drinking fountain, a small tank in the machine holds chilled water so the user does not have to wait for chilled water. Water is delivered by turning or pressing a button on a spring-loaded valve located on the top of the unit, that turns off the water when released. Some devices also offer a large button on the front or side. Newer machines may not have a button at all; instead a sensor that detects when someone is near and activates the water. Water is delivered in a stream that arches up, allowing the user to drink directly from the top of the stream of water. These devices usually dispense water directly from the municipal water supply, without treatment or filtering.
Bottom-load water dispenser[edit]
The most common[citation needed] water dispensers are the ones that have the bottle on the top. The bottom-load water dispenser eliminates the need to lift the heavy water bottles. Instead the water bottle is placed at the bottom of the dispenser.
Tabletop water dispenser[edit]
There are also smaller versions of the water dispensers where the dispenser can be placed directly on top of a table for serving a smaller number of people.
Direct-piping water dispenser[edit]
Water dispensers can be directly connected to the in-house water source for continuous dispensing of hot and cold drinking water. This type is commonly referred to as POU (Point of Use) water dispensers.
A freestanding design generally involves bottles of water placed spout-down into the dispensing machine.
Tabletop or kitchen worktop versions are available which utilise readily available five-liter water bottles from supermarkets. These coolers use air pumps to push the water into the cooling chamber and Peltier devices to chill the water.
A new development within the water cooler market is the advent of countertop appliances which are connected to the mains and provide an instant supply of not only chilled water but also hot and boiling water.
Water source and purification[edit]
To install the bottle, the bottle is tipped upside down and set onto the dispenser; a probe punctures the cap of the bottle and allows the water to flow into the machine's internal reservoir. These gravity-powered systems have a device to dispense water in a controlled manner.
These machines come in different sizes and vary from table units, intended for occasional use to floor-mounted units intended for heavier use. Bottled water normally is delivered to the household or business on a regular basis, where empty bottles are exchanged for full ones. The bottle size varies with the size of the unit, with the larger versions in the US using 5-US-gallon (19 L) bottles. This is also the most common size elsewhere, labelled as 18.9 litres in countries that use the metric system. These units usually do not have a place to dump excess water, only offering a small basin to catch minor spills. On the front, a lever or pushbutton dispenses the water into a cup held beneath the spigot.
When the water container is empty, it is lifted off the top of the dispenser, and automatically seals to prevent any excess water still in the bottle from leaking.
Plumbed with purification[edit]
Plumbed water coolers use tap water and therefore do not need bottles. Usually some method of purification is used.
Filtration methods include reverse osmosis, ion exchange and activated carbon.
Cooling and heating methods[edit]
Usually units offer a refrigeration function to chill the water, using Vapor compression refrigeration or Thermoelectric cooling. Some versions also have a second dispenser that delivers room-temperature water or even heated water that can be used for tea, hot chocolate or other uses. The water in the alternate hot tap is generally heated with a heating element and stored in a hot tank (much like the traditional hot water heaters used in residential homes). Additionally, the hot tap is usually equipped with a push-in safety valve to prevent burns from an accidental or inadvertent pressing of the lever.
Water cooler effect[edit]
|This section does not cite any sources. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A water cooler effect is a phenomenon, occurring when employees at a workplace gather around the office water cooler and chat. It is a synonym for gathering and connecting people in a certain environment (e.g. the office). When a television program, like a soap-opera or series, is talked about among many people (mostly related to guessing what will happen in the next episode) it can be said that the program has a water cooler effect.
See also[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Water coolers.
- ^ "Water cooler". Horniman Museum and Gardens. Retrieved 2015-07-20.


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He helped preventing a young fan from falling into the lake during the Venice Film Festival on Wednesday, August 27.
Promoting his latest big screen flick "Burn After Reading" at the Venice Film Festival, Brad Pitt plays a real life hero when he saves a young autograph seeker from falling into the lake. The movie hunk was just arriving at the 65th annual Italian festival on board of a boat Wednesday, August 27 with best friend and co-star George Clooney when he agreed to sign autographs for a group of young fans. It was during that time that one of the young autograph hunters slipped and nearly fell into the water.
Pitt who happened to be near the victim was quick to respond, grabbing the fan, preventing him from falling into the lake. He then made sure that the fan was safely back on the boat before signing a book.
A throng of paparazzi who swarmed Pitt witnessed the incident. Pitt himself quickly dashed off into the limelight, heading for the red carpet.
Pitt's heroine action was first reported by TMZ, which features a footage of the incident on its site.


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Mani, A and Vijayan, Kalyani (1976) A furnace for high temperature powder diffractometry. Current science, 45 (10). pp. 371-372.Full text available as:
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High temperature attachment for powder diffractometer is a very useful device for studying several important properties of crystaine materials. A large variety of heating devices have already been described in literature. In this letter we present the design and function of a furnace for use upto 7000 C on a Philips powder diffractometer. The salient features of this furnace are: (i) the heater assembly can be - easily attached or detached to the sample holder and (ii) the simple cooling device' which maintains the diffractometer arm at 30xB0; C13; when the sample is heated at 700 DC.
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|Additional Information:
|Copyright for this article belongs to Indian Academy of Sciences
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Diffractometry;Temperature powder
|CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS > Composite Materials
|Materials Science Division, Materials Science Division
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|Date Deposited:
|17 Oct 2006
|Last Modified:
|24 May 2010 09:51
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LEXINGTON, Ky. – Future Kentucky basketball players Archie Goodwin and Alex Poythress have been invited to play in the 2012 Jordan Brand Classic game.
Both players were selected to play for the West team in the game, which is scheduled for April 14 (7 p.m. ET on ESPN) at Time Warner Cable Arena in Charlotte, N.C.
Goodwin, a 6-5 guard from Little Rock, Ark., is a senior at Sylvan Hills High School. He is currently ranked as the second best shooting guard in the country and 12th overall by Rivals.com. Scout.com ranks him the third best shooting guard and 13th overall, while ESPNU Recruiting has Goodwin as the fifth best shooting guard and also 16th overall.
Poythress is currently a senior at Clarksville Northeast High School in Clarksville, Tenn. Scout.com ranks Poythress 14th overall in the class of 2012 and the No. 3 small forward. ESPNU Recruiting has him 16th overall and No. 3 at his position, while Rivals.com ranks him 19th overall and No. 8 at his position.


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By Janie Mccauley, AP Sports Writer
OAKLAND, Calif. The image is still so clear for Tim Jahnigen: a documentary of Darfur refugees playing a makeshift soccer game with their ratty ball of trash and twine.
That scene could be from other poverty-stricken nations across the world, too. Jahnigen envisioned a durable ball that would survive anywhere.
"It's been four or five years ago when I saw the documentary and it just triggered a very emotional response," Jahnigen said. "I hate to see children suffer. All of a sudden when I saw these children kicking rag balls, cans and boxes in the videos, it hit me like a thunderbolt."
And there began the One World Futbol Project.
Jahnigen put his mind to inventing a ball that would never wear out, one he insists is the most durable of any "futbol" out there, made of closed cell foam and similar material to those popular rubber Crocs sandals. It won't go flat or ever need pumping, even remaining playable if punctured <emdash /> Jahnigen knows because he took a knife to one during testing and it survived <emdash /> and will withstand the rigors of the world's harshest environments.
No pumps or needles necessary. Give it a good squeeze and you'll hear air leaving the ball only to see it inflate itself again. Sharp rocks, barbed wire, extreme heat or cold don't affect this ball. It is designed to get use on gravel or concrete with no problems.
On Monday at the Johannesburg Zoo, the ball was thrown into a lion's pen. The cat played with the ball to the point of exhausting itself, something zoo officials had never seen considering a typical ball would last mere minutes.
While there were a few visible teeth marks afterward, the ball otherwise remained intact.
"From that alone I can say it's the world's most durable ball," Jahnigen said.
The project will formally launch Thursday, at www.oneworldfutbol.com, just in time for the closing days of the World Cup in South Africa. The championship game is Sunday at Soccer City in Johannesburg.
"The world's attention is on soccer right now with the World Cup," said Jahnigen's wife and project co-founder, Lisa Tarver. "There were times we weren't sure we'd get done for the World Cup."
Jahnigen has been in South Africa meeting with soccer and nonprofit officials to publicize the ball and its benefits not only on the field but for the needy. Some balls are already being used in Haiti.
The One World ball sells for $39.50, and that includes the purchase of a second ball to be donated through the "Buy One, Give One" humanitarian model of the project. This is a for-profit company with a nonprofit foundation.
The goal: give away one million balls in three years, beginning where they are most needed, such as in war-ravaged nations like Iraq and Afghanistan, refugee camps around the globe or inner-city locations right at home in the United States.
"Anyone who wants to play soccer should have the opportunity to," Tarver said. "That's our mission."
This invention, Jahnigen hopes, will allow users to keep the same ball and pass it down to the next generation.
"To give a ball to every child who needs one," Jahnigen said. "This ball could last from childhood to adulthood and we hope the children we give this ball to in these challenged places will be able to play with their children's children."
It was with a large initial financial contribution from singer Sting that this project went from Jahnigen's inspiration to reality. Tarver's expertise in the area of nonprofits and world social issues provided the perfect support. One World Futbol Project is named for Sting's song "One World."
Jahnigen and Tarver had their own money dedicated to another business venture at the time, but Jahnigen is also a music producer who has worked Sting's Rainforest Benefit concert at Carnegie Hall.
They were chatting one day in July 2008 when Sting mentioned a friend who'd built a soccer field in the Gaza Strip. Jahnigen mentioned his idea for the ball.
"He immediately turned to me and said: 'That's a really good idea. Do you know how to make that happen?'" Jahnigen said. "He said, 'If you'll do it, I'll pay for it.'"
Jahnigen already had a connection with the material manufacturers in Canada.
At the start, the ball will be available in size 5 and in blue, representative color of the United Nations. More colors and sizes will follow. The One World ball is intended for recreational use and training, not to replace a high-level competition ball used in matches. It is produced in Canada and requires no hand stitching, unlike standard soccer balls.
George Hopkins, a longtime elite soccer coach in Oakland, is already using one of the balls in his camps and private lessons.
For the 50-year-old Jahnigen, who lives in Berkeley, a sports venture is something new. He and his wife run a business dealing with another of his inventions, an infrared warming and therapy technology system for animals for scientific and surgical applications and also in the home.
"If you'd asked me four years ago if I'd be in the ball business, I would have laughed. It's been a great adventure and a blessing," Jahnigen said.
Jahnigen and Tarver are grateful for the support from Sting to get this project running.
"It was suddenly obvious to me that putting a little money into producing soccer balls like that could go a whole lot farther than building soccer fields," Sting said in a statement. "That's the moment when I decided to help Tim and get involved in developing the One World Futbol."
Jahnigen and Tarver have no idea what to expect in terms of a response. Initial orders will be shipped starting next week, but they acknowledge there could be a delay if the demand is high right away.
"It's this total unknown," Tarver said. "Nobody's ever done this before. It really is all-terrain, all conditions, no matter what."
While a quality soccer ball ranges in cost from around $20 to the $150 for the game ball being used in World Cup play, Jahnigen and Tarver believe soccer fans or supporters of their cause will spend a little extra knowing the One World ball will last and that they are helping a cause.
Nonprofits or other programs will be able to buy the balls at a discounted rate and others who want to help can donate if they don't want or need the ball themselves.
"It captures everyone's attention on so many different levels," Tarver said. "It's just been extraordinary the support and involvement."
Jahnigen has received positive feedback as he's shared the ball in South Africa.
"Every time I see children's reactions to this ball ... they're the ones who have shown me all along that we're doing the right thing," he said.
Copyright 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
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Sat. November 10, 2012 | Dan Deluca
FORT MYERS — It's a position the Berkeley Prep volleyball team has grown accustomed to: beat Bishop Verot, advance to the state semifinals.
For the fifth consecutive season, that's just what the Buccaneers did Saturday, sweeping the Vikings 29-27, 25-18, 25-23 to win the Class 4A, Region 3 title.
What makes this year's trip to Kissimmee a bit less routine for three-time defending state champion Berkeley is who isn't along for the ride.
"I'm ecstatic at what we've accomplished," Bucs first-year coach John Coup said. "We lost two All-Americans (Mackenzie Dagostino and Jordan Burgess) who did about 80 percent of the work for us last year. The kids who played with them stepped it up and showed they can be go-to-players.
"When we get in tough matches, the kids don't crumble. They want to keep the excellence and tradition of this program going as long as they can."
Bishop Verot (16-12) gave Berkeley all it could handle in the opening set, which featured 11 lead changes before junior outside hitter Sidney Brown closed it out with consecutive kills.
"The first set is definitely a tone setter," Coup said. "I thought we started out a little sluggish before we picked it up. But you have to give the credit to Bishop Verot. They were pushing us."
After an easy second-set win, the Bucs trailed the Vikings 20-14 in the third set before reeling off six consecutive points to tie. Another Brown kill finished off Verot and earned Berkeley its eighth straight appearance in the state semis.
Brown finished with 12 kills, 15 digs and three aces for the Bucs while junior setter Maddie Alberdi chipped in with 34 assists.
Berkeley (18-11) faces Jacksonville Episcopal (20-5), a straight-sets winner over Tallahassee Florida High, Friday.
3A: Terps ousted
First Academy's quest for five consecutive state championships is still intact as the host Royals (22-8) swept Tampa Prep (14-15) 25-21, 25-20, 25-18.
"The girls have had to work so hard the entire season,'' TFA coach Lindsey Hurlebaus said. "Coming out in that first game, being down by a few points, their perseverance has really shown through.
"These girls are amazing. Their talent is above and beyond, and their heart is indescribable."
Senior Kali Funk's 13 kills, 32 assists and eight digs highlighted TFA's victory and senior Jordan Wilson added a team-high 15 digs.
Orlando Sentinel


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Hey Forum--
I just recently got into geocaching and found it is a great way to spend time outdoors while getting some exercise, travel, and reward! Is anyone else into this? For those who don't know.. it's a global scavenger hunt that uses gps technology to locate items hidden by other participants. I'm currently getting involved with this geocache hunt put -snip-
If anyone else has done some cool caches that take you to far off lands let me know! I'm interested to hear about it.
[ Edit: Sorry, no promos please. ]


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Driving a shiny car is a great way to experience luxurious transportation without the hassle of carving a carriage out of marble and training a yoke of peacocks to pull it. Keep your ride looking ritzy with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
$30 for three ultimate car washes (up to a $60 value)
- Hand wash and dry
- Armor All tire dressing and a coat of Simoniz with Teflon
- Tri-Color conditioner
- Air freshener

$44 for an express detail on a standard-size car (up to an $89 value)
- Ultimate hand wash
- Hand wax
- Shampoo carpets and mats
- Armor All dressing

Customers who purchase the second option for an SUV or a van must pay an additional $10–$20 fee.

Though this merchant sometimes offers a discounted price online, this Groupon is still the best deal available.
Bristol Speedwash
Between the palm trees of South Bristol Street, it rains every day, sometimes hundreds of times. But this is no ordinary shower. It's a special kind that makes cars sparkle. The staffers of Bristol Speedwash control this stream, directing it toward grimy windshields and mud-caked tires for each of their 100% hand washes. If requested, they also wax the entire surface until it glows brighter than a jellyfish hovering through a discotheque. Car owners can enjoy free WiFi inside during these standard washes or VIP detailing services, which see the washers lavishing vehicular shells with a clay bar and high-speed buff before polishing the chrome and wheels. Instead of topping the buggy with a maraschino cherry, they conclude the service with an air freshener, available in sweet scents such as cherry, strawberry, and vanilla. The shop can also restore headlights and repair chipped windshields.