text:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The predominant analysis of privacy on Facebook focuses on personal information revelation. This paper is critical of this kind of research and introduces an alternative analytical framework for studying privacy on Facebook, social networking sites and web 2.0. This framework is connecting the phenomenon of online privacy to the political economy of capitalism—a focus that has thus far been rather neglected in research literature about Internet and web 2.0 privacy. Liberal privacy philosophy tends to ignore the political economy of privacy in capitalism that can mask socio-economic inequality and protect capital and the rich from public accountability. Facebook is in this paper analyzed with the help of an approach, in which privacy for dominant groups, in regard to the ability of keeping wealth and power secret from the public, is seen as problematic, whereas privacy at the bottom of the power pyramid for consumers and normal citizens is seen as a protection from dominant interests. Facebook's understanding of privacy is based on an understanding that stresses self-regulation and on an individualistic understanding of privacy. The theoretical analysis of the political economy of privacy on Facebook in this paper is based on the political theories of Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt and Jürgen Habermas. Based on the political economist Dallas Smythe's concept of audience commodification, the process of prosumer commodification on Facebook is analyzed. The political economy of privacy on Facebook is analyzed with the help of a theory of drives that is grounded in Herbert Marcuse's interpretation of Sigmund Freud, which allows to analyze Facebook based on the concept of play labor (= the convergence of play and labor).
Facebook is the most popular social networking site (SNS). SNS are typical applications of what is termed web 2.0, they are web-based platforms that integrate different media, information and communication technologies that allow at least the generation of profiles that display information describing the users, the display of connections (connection list), the establishment of connections between users displayed on their connection lists, and communication between users.
Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, who were then Harvard students, founded Facebook in 2004. Facebook is the second most often accessed website in the world (data source: alexa.com, accessed on January 19, 2011). 38.4% of all Internet users have accessed Facebook in the three month period from October 19, 2010 to January 19, 2011 (data source: alexa.com, accessed on January 19, 2011). This means that more than 755 million individuals are Facebook users (data source for worldwide Internet users:
The popularity of Facebook makes it an excellent example for studying what privacy can and should mean in the web 2.0 world. The task of this paper is to give a critical political economy view of privacy on Facebook. Such an approach is especially interested in uncovering the role of surplus value, exploitation, and class in the studied phenomena (Dussel 2008 [
Privacy is not only about information and communication. A woman, who was beaten and injured by her husband so that a court has ruled that he is not allowed to come near her, not only has the interest that her husband does not obtain information about her, she also has the interest that he physically does not come near her so as not to be able to maltreat her. She probably will change her mobile phone number in order to obtain informational and communicational privacy, and also may consider moving to a new flat. This example shows that information and communication is not the only dimension of privacy, although it is the one that is most relevant when we discuss Internet privacy. Tavani (2008 [
The restricted access theory of informational privacy sees privacy achieved if one is able to limit and restrict others from access to personal information (Tavani 2008 [
All three kinds of definitions of informational privacy have in common that they deal with the moral questions of how information about humans should be processed, who shall have access to this data, and how this access shall be regulated. All have in common the normative value that some form of data protection is needed.
Etzioni (1999 [
These critiques show that the question is therefore not how privacy can be best protected, but in which cases privacy should be protected and in which cases it should not. As Facebook is a capitalist corporation focused on accumulating capital, especially the economic questions relating to online privacy are of interest in this paper.
Countries like Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, or Austria have a tradition of relative anonymity of bank accounts and transactions. Money as private property is seen as an aspect of privacy, about which no information should be known by the public. In Switzerland, the bank secret is defined in the Federal Banking Act (§47). The Swiss Bankers Association sees bank anonymity as a form of "financial privacy" (
The problem of secret bank accounts/transaction and the intransparency of richness and company profits is not only that financial privacy can support tax evasion, black money, and money laundering, but also that it hides wealth gaps. Financial privacy reflects the classical liberal account of privacy. So for example John Stuart Mill formulated a right of the propertied class to economic privacy as "the owner's privacy against invasion" (Mill 1965 [
It would nonetheless be a mistake to fully cancel privacy rights and to dismiss them as bourgeois values. Liberal privacy discourse is highly individualistic; it is always focused on the individual and his/her freedoms. It separates the public and private sphere. Privacy in capitalism can best be characterized as an antagonistic value that is, on the one side, upheld as a universal value for protecting private property, but is at the same time permanently undermined by corporate surveillance into the lives of humans for profit purposes (and by political surveillance for administrative purposes, defense and law enforcement). Capitalism protects privacy for the rich and companies, but at the same time legitimates privacy violations of consumers and citizens. It thereby undermines its own positing of privacy as a universal value.
Privacy is in modern societies an ideal rooted in the Enlightenment. Capitalism is grounded in the idea that the private sphere should be separated from the public sphere, should not be accessible by the public, and that therefore autonomy and anonymity of the individual are needed in the private sphere. The rise of the idea of privacy in modern society is connected to the rise of the central ideal of the freedom of private ownership. Private ownership is the idea that humans have the right to own as much wealth as they want, as long as it is inherited or acquired through individual achievements. There is an antagonism between private ownership and social equity in modern society. How much and what exactly a person owns is treated as an aspect of privacy in many contemporary societies. To keep ownership structures secret is a measure of precaution against the public questioning or the political and individual attack against private ownership. Capitalism requires anonymity and privacy in order to function. But full privacy is also not possible in modern society because strangers enter social relations that require trust or enable exchange. Building trust requires knowing certain data about other persons. It is therefore checked with the help of surveillance procedures if a stranger can be trusted. Corporations have the aim of accumulating ever more capital. That is why they have an interest in knowing as much as possible about their workers (in order to control them) and the interests, tastes, and behaviors of their customers; this results in the surveillance of workers/employees and consumers. The ideals of modernity (such as the freedom of ownership) also produce phenomena such as income and wealth inequality, poverty, unemployment, precarious living and working conditions. The establishment of trust, socio-economic differences, and corporate interests are three qualities of modernity that necessitate surveillance. Therefore, modernity on the one hand advances the ideal of a right to privacy, but on the other hand it must continuously advance surveillance that threatens to undermine privacy rights. An antagonism between privacy ideals and surveillance is therefore constitutive of capitalism.
When discussing privacy on Facebook, we should therefore go beyond a bourgeois notion of privacy and try to advance a socialist notion of privacy that tries to strengthen the protection of consumers and citizens from corporate surveillance. Economic privacy is therefore posited as undesirable in those cases, where it protects the rich and capital from public accountability, but as desirable, where it tries to protect citizens from corporate surveillance. Public surveillance of the income of the rich and of companies and public mechanisms that make their wealth transparent are desirable for making wealth and income gaps in capitalism visible, whereas privacy protection from corporate surveillance is also important. In a socialist privacy concept, the existing privacy values have to be reversed. Whereas today we mainly find surveillance of the poor and of citizens who are not owners of private property and protection of private property, a socialist privacy concept focuses on surveillance of capital and the rich in order to increase transparency and privacy protection of consumers and workers. A socialist privacy concept conceives privacy as the collective right of dominated and exploited groups that need to be protected from corporate domination that aims at gathering information about workers and consumers for accumulating capital, disciplining workers and consumers, and for increasing the productivity of capitalist production and advertising. The liberal conception and reality of privacy as an individual right within capitalism, protects the rich and the accumulation of ever more wealth from public knowledge. A socialist privacy concept as collective right of workers and consumers can protect humans from the misuse of their data by companies. The question therefore is: Privacy for whom? Privacy for dominant groups in regard to the ability to keep wealth and power secret from the public can be problematic, whereas privacy at the bottom of the power pyramid for consumers and normal citizens can be a protection from dominant interests. Privacy rights should therefore be differentiated according to the position people and groups occupy in the power structure.
Liberal privacy theories typically talk about the positive qualities that privacy entails for humans or speak of it as an anthropological constant in all societies, without discussing the particular role of privacy in capitalist society. Solove (2008 [
Analyses that associate privacy with universal positive values tend to not engage with actual and possible negative effects of privacy and the relationship of modern privacy to private property, capital accumulation, and social inequality. They give unhistorical accounts of privacy by arguing that privacy is a universal human principle that brings about positive qualities for individuals and society. They abstract from issues relating to the political economy of capitalism, such as exploitation and income/wealth inequality. But if there are negative aspects of modern privacy, such as the shielding of income gaps and of corporate crimes, then such accounts are problematic because they neglect negative aspects and present modern values as characteristic for all societies. Karl Marx characterized the appearance of the "definite social relation between men themselves" as "the fantastic form of a relation between things" (Marx 1867 [
A specific form of privacy fetishism can also be found in research about Facebook and social networking sites in general. The typical standard study of privacy on Facebook and other social networking sites focuses on the analysis of information disclosures by users (in many cases younger users) (for example: Acquisti and Gross 2006 [
Marx has stressed that a critical theory of society does "not preach
One can also characterize Facebook privacy fetishism as victimization discourse. Such research concludes that social networking sites pose threats that make users potential victims of individual criminals, such as in the case of cyberstalking, sexual harassment, threats by mentally ill persons, data theft, data fraud,
In contrast to Facebook privacy fetishism, it is the task for Critical Internet Studies to analyze Facebook privacy in the context of the political economy of capitalism.
Gavison (1980 [
Karl Marx positioned privacy in relation to private property. The liberal concept of the private individual and privacy would see man as "an isolated monad, withdrawn into himself … The practical application of the right of liberty is the right of private property" (Marx 1843 [
The theories of Marx, Arendt, and Habermas have quite different political implications, but the three authors have in common that they stress the importance of addressing the notions of privacy, the private sphere, and the public, by analyzing their inherent connection to the political economy of capitalism. For a critical analysis it is important to discuss privacy on Facebook not simply as the revelation of personal data, but to inquire into the political economy and ownership structures of personal data on Facebook. Most contemporary analyses of privacy on web 2.0 and social networking sites neglect this dimension that was stressed by Marx, Arendt and Habermas. Marx, Arendt and Habermas remind us that it is important to focus on the political economy of privacy when analyzing Facebook.
Facebook is a capitalist company. Therefore its economic goal is to achieve financial profit. It does so with the help of targeted personalized advertising, which means that it tailors advertisements to the consumption interests of the users. Social networking sites are especially suited for targeted advertising because they store and communicate a vast amount of personal likes and dislikes of users that allow surveillance of these data for economic purposes, finding out which products the users are likely to buy. This explains why targeted advertising is the main source of income and the business model of most profit-oriented social networking sites. Facebook uses mass surveillance because it stores, compares, assesses, and sells the personal data and usage behavior of several hundred million users. But this mass surveillance is personalized and individualized at the same time because the detailed analysis of the interests and browsing behavior of each user and the comparison to the online behavior and interests of other users allows to sort the users into consumer interest groups and to provide each individual user with advertisements that, based on algorithmic selection and comparison mechanisms, are believed to reflect the user's consumption interests. For this form of Internet surveillance to work, permanent input and activity of the users are needed, which are guaranteed by the specific characteristics of web 2.0, especially the upload of user-generated content and permanent communicative flows.
Capitalism is based on the imperative to accumulate ever more capital. To achieve this, capitalists either have to prolong the working day (absolute surplus value production) or to increase the productivity of labor (relative surplus value production) (on relative surplus value, see: Marx 1867 [
Sut Jhally ([
The click-and-buy process by users is the surplus value realization process of the advertizing company. Targeted advertising allows Internet companies to present not just one advertisement at one point in time to users, but numerous advertisements; so more advertising time is in total produced and presented as a commodity by Internet companies to users. Relative surplus value production means that more surplus value is generated in the same time period as earlier. Targeted online advertising is more productive than non-targeted online advertising because it allows presenting more ads in the same time period. These ads contain more surplus value than the non-targeted ads,
In order to understand the political economy of Facebook, its legal-political framework (4.1) and its accumulation model need to be analyzed (4.2).
The use of targeted advertising and economic surveillance is legally guaranteed by Facebook's privacy policy (Facebook privacy policy, version from December 22, 2010,
That Facebook can largely regulate itself how it deals with the data of the users is also due to the circumstance that it is a legally registered company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, United States. Facebook's privacy policy is a typical expression of a self-regulatory privacy regime, in which businesses largely define themselves how they process personal user data. The general perception in privacy and surveillance studies is that there is very little privacy protection in the United States and that the United States is far behind the European nations in protecting privacy (Tavani 2010 [
Joseph Turow (2006 [
Facebook wants to assure users that it deals responsibly with their data and that users are in full control of privacy controls. Therefore as an introduction to the privacy issue, it writes: "Facebook is about sharing. Our privacy controls give you the power to decide what and how much you share" (
The section about information sharing in Facebook's privacy policy starts with the following paragraph: "Facebook is about sharing information with others—friends and people in your communities—while providing you with privacy settings that you can use to restrict other users from accessing some of your information. We share your information with third parties when we believe the sharing is permitted by you, reasonably necessary to offer our services, or when legally required to do so". The section is only about the sharing between users and ignores the issue of the sharing of user data with advertisers. As of January 2011, there are no privacy settings on Facebook that allow users to disable the access of advertisers to data about them (there are only minor privacy settings relating to "social advertising" in Facebook friend communities). The formulation that the privacy settings can be used for restricting access to information is only true for other users, but not for advertisers. The formulation also reveals that Facebook thinks targeted advertising is "reasonably necessary" and "permitted by the users". The problem is that the users are not asked if they find targeted advertising necessary and agree to it.
Facebook says that it does not "share your information with advertisers without your consent", but targeted advertising is always activated, there is no opt-in and no opt-out option. Users must agree to the privacy terms in order to be able to use Facebook and thereby they agree to the use of their self-descriptions, uploaded data, and transaction data to be sold to advertising clients. Given the fact that Facebook is the second most used web platform in the world, it is unlikely that many users refuse to use Facebook because doing so will make them miss the social opportunities to stay in touch with their friends and colleagues, to make important new contacts, and may result in being treated as outsiders in their communities. Facebook coerces users into agreeing to the use of their personal data and collected user behavior data for economic purposes because if you do not agree to the privacy terms that make targeted advertising possible, you are unable to use the platform. Users are not asked if they want to have their data sold to advertisers, therefore one cannot speak of user consent. Facebook utilizes the notion of "user consent" in its privacy policy in order to mask the commodification of user data as consensual. It bases its assumption on a control theory of privacy and assumes that users want to sacrifice consumer privacy in order to be able to use Facebook. Also a form of fetishism is at play here because Facebook advances the idea that only advertising-financed social networking is possible in order to "help improve or promote our service". The idea that social networking sites can be run on a non-profit and non-commercial basis, as is for example attempted by the alternative social networking project Diaspora, is forestalled by presenting advertising on social networking sites as purely positive mechanisms that help improve the site. Potential problems posed by advertising for users are never mentioned.
Advertisers not only receive data from Facebook for targeting advertising, they also use small programs, so-called cookies, to collect data about user behavior. Facebook provides an opt-out option from this cookie setting that is not visible in the normal privacy settings, but deeply hidden in the privacy policy with a link to a webpage, where users can deactivate cookie usage by 66 advertising networks (as of January 19, 2011). The fact that this link is hard to find makes it unlikely that users opt-out. This reflects the attitude of many commercial websites towards privacy protection mechanisms as being bad for business. It also shows that Facebook values profit much higher than user privacy, which explains the attempt to make the usability for opting-out of cookie use for targeted advertising as complex as possible.
Facebook reduces the privacy issue to visibility of information to other users. In the privacy settings, users can only select which information to show or not to show to other users, whereas they cannot select which data not to show to advertisers. Advertising is not part of the privacy menu and is therefore not considered as a privacy issue by Facebook. The few available advertising settings (opt-out of social advertising, use of pictures and name of users for advertising) are a submenu of the "account settings". Targeted advertising is automatically activated and cannot be deactivated in the account- and privacy-settings, which shows that Facebook is an advertising- and economic surveillance-machine that wants to store, assess, and sell as much user data as possible in order to maximize its profits.
Its privacy policy also allows Facebook to collect data about users' behavior on other websites and to commodify this data for advertising purposes: "Information from other websites. We may institute programs with advertising partners and other websites in which they share information with us". These data can be stored and used by Facebook, according to its privacy policy, for 180 days.
To sum up: Facebook's privacy policy is a manifestation of a self-regulatory privacy policy regime that puts capital interests first. It is long and written in complex language, in order to cover up the economic surveillance and commodification of user data for targeted advertising that helps Facebook accumulate capital. Facebook euphemistically describes this commodification process as "sharing". The privacy policy advances the perception that Facebook always seeks consent by users before selling user data to advertisers, which masks that Facebook does not ask users if they truly wish to have their personal data, user-generated data, and user behavior data sold for advertising, that users cannot participate in the formulation of privacy policies, and that they are coerced into having to accept Facebook's policy in order to use the platform. Facebook hides an opt-out option from cookie-based advertising deep in its privacy policy and only provides a minimum of advertising privacy options in its settings. It reduces the issue of privacy to controlling the visibility of user information to other users and neglects the issue of control of advertising settings as a fundamental privacy issue. Facebook also collects and commodifies data about user behavior on other websites. The analysis shows that on Facebook "privacy is property" (Lyon 1994 [
In order to understand the deeper reasons, it is necessary to analyze Facebook's accumulation strategy and Facebook user exploitation.
Alvin Toffler (1980 [
For Marx (1867 [
The typical situation is that
That surplus value generating labor is an emergent property of capitalist production, means that production and accumulation will break down if this labor is withdrawn. It is an essential part of the capitalist production process. That prosumers conduct surplus-generating labor, can also be seen by imagining what would happen if they would stop using Facebook: The number of users would drop, advertisers would stop investments because no objects for their advertising messages and therefore no potential customers for their products could be found, the profits of the new media corporations would drop, and they would go bankrupt. If such activities were carried out on a large scale, a new economy crisis would arise. This thought experiment shows that users are essential for generating profit in the new media economy. Furthermore they produce and co-produce parts of the products, and therefore parts of the use value, exchange value, and surplus value that are objectified in these products.
Dallas Smythe (1981/2006 [
Surveillance on Facebook is surveillance of prosumers, who dynamically and permanently create and share user-generated content, browse profiles and data, interact with others, join, create, and build communities, and co-create information. The corporate web platform operators and their third party advertising clients continuously monitor and record personal data and online activities; they store, merge, and analyze collected data. This allows them to create detailed user profiles and to know about the personal interests and online behaviors of the users. Facebook sells its prosumers as a commodity to advertising clients. Money is exchanged for the access to user data that allows economic surveillance of the users. The exchange value of the Facebook prosumer commodity is the money value that the operators obtain from their clients; its use value is the multitude of personal data and usage behavior that is dominated by the commodity and exchange value form. The surveillance of the prosumers' permanently produced use values,
Sut Jhally (1987 [
The analytical problem that Smythe and Jhally in relation to TV, radio, and newspapers had to cope with is that consuming these media is a passive activity. Therefore they had to find a way to argue that this passive activity also produces surplus value. Jhally's analysis that in the case of television watching time is sold as a commodity, equals saying that the more watchers there are, the higher advertising profits are generated. In the case of television this part of his analysis is feasible, but in the world of the Internet, the situation is different. Here users are not passive watchers, but active creators of content. Advertisers are not only interested in the time that users spend online, but in the products that are created during this time—user-generated digital content and online behavior. The users' data—information about their uploaded data, their interests, demographic data, their browsing and interaction behavior—is sold to the advertisers as a commodity. Contrary to the world of television that Jhally analyzes, on the Internet the users' subjective creations are commodified. Therefore, Smythe's original formulation holds here that the audience itself—its subjectivity and the results of its subjective creative activity—is sold as a commodity. But the Internet is an active medium, where consumers of information are producers of information. Therefore it is better to speak in the case of Facebook and the capitalist parts of web 2.0 of Internet prosumer commodification.
Daniel Solove (2008 [
Arendt (1958 [
"The distinction between the private and the public realms … equals the distinction between things that should be shown and things that should not be hidden" (Arendt 1958 [
Capitalism connects labor and play in a destructive dialectic. Traditionally, play in the form of enjoyment, sex, and entertainment was in capitalism only part of spare time, which was unproductive and separate from labor in time. Freud (1961 [
"Behind the reality principle lies the fundamental fact of Ananke or scarcity (
Marcuse (1955 [
Gilles Deleuze (1995 [
Facebook founder and CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, says that Facebook is about the "concept that the world will be better if you share more" (
Zuckerberg's view of Facebook is contradicted by the analysis presented in this paper. The analysis has shown that Facebook's privacy strategy masks the exploitation of users. If Zuckerberg really does not care about profit, why is Facebook not a non-commercial platform and why does it use targeted advertising? The problems of targeted advertising are that it aims at controlling and manipulating human needs, that users are normally not asked if they agree to the use of advertising on the Internet, but have to agree to advertising if they want to use commercial platforms (lack of democracy), that advertising can increase market concentration, that it is intransparent for most users what kind of information about them is used for advertising purposes, and that users are not paid for the value creation they engage in when using commercial web 2.0 platforms and uploading data. Surveillance on Facebook is not only an interpersonal process, where users view data about other individuals that might benefit or harm the latter, it is primarily economic surveillance,
Its privacy policy is the living proof that Facebook is primarily about profit-generation by advertising. "The world will be better if you share more"? But a better world for whom is the real question? "Sharing" on Facebook in economic terms means primarily that Facebook "shares" information with advertising clients. And "sharing" is only the euphemism for selling and commodifying data. Facebook commodifies and trades user data and user behavior data. Facebook does not make the world a better place; it makes the world a more commercialized place, a big shopping mall without exit. It makes the world only a better place for companies interested in advertising, not for users.
This paper questioned privacy concepts that protect and keep capitalist interests secret, and socio-economic inequality. This does not mean that the privacy concept should be abandoned, but challenged by a socialist privacy concept that protects workers and consumers. On Facebook, the "audience" is a worker/consumer—a prosumer. How can socialist privacy protection strategies be structured? The overall goal is to drive back the commodification of user-data and the exploitation of prosumers by advancing the decommodification of the Internet. Three strategies for achieving this goal are the advancement of opt-in online advertising, civil society surveillance of Internet companies, and the establishment and support of alternative platforms.
A third strategy of socialist privacy politics is to establish and support
Facebook's understanding of privacy is property-oriented and individualistic. It reflects the dominant capitalistic concept of privacy. Not only is a socialist privacy concept and strategy needed, but also alternatives to Facebook and the corporate Internet.
Capital accumulation on Facebook.
Pleasures in four modes of society (human essence, society with scarcity, classical capitalism, capitalism in the age of Facebook), based on a table from: Marcuse 1955 [
|Immediate satisfaction
|Delayed satisfaction
|Delayed satisfaction
|Immediate online satisfaction
|Restraint of pleasure
|Leisure time: pleasure, work time: restraint of pleasure, surplus repression of pleasure
|Collapse of leisure time and work time, leisure time becomes work time and work time leisure time, all time becomes exploited, online leisure time becomes surplus value-generating, wage labor time = surplus repression of pleasure, play labor time = surplus value generating pleasure time
|Joy (play)
|Toil (work)
|Leisure time: joy (play), work time: toil (work)
|Play labor: joy and play as toil and work, toil and work as joy and play
|Leisure time: receptiveness, work time: productiveness
|Collapse of the distinction between leisure time/work time and receptiveness/productiveness, total commodification of human time
|Absence of repression of pleasure
|Repression of pleasure
|Leisure time: absence of repression of pleasure, work time: repression of pleasure
|Play labor time: surplus value generation appears to be pleasure-like, but serves the logic of repression (the lack of ownership of capital)
The research presented in this paper was conducted in the project "Social Networking Sites in the Surveillance Society", funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number P 22445-G17. Project co-ordination: Christian Fuchs.


text: The British Library The British Library http://sounds.bl.uk/JISC ASR IPR STATUS LIST.xls Anne Raisen interview, part 02 1CDR0012313 (copy of C1033/207) Bob and Jacqueline Patten Collection Used to have 20-25 children on an average Punky night. The money used to go on buying their fire works. Last time the children raised about a pound each. There was always a parent helping out. Most of the children now don't know what Punky Night is. It's a shame that it's dying out. 1987-04-28 Lopen, Somerset, England, UK English sound Raisin, Annie (speaker, female) Patten, Bob (speaker, male) Patten, Bob Patten, Jacqueline 44100 16 00:03:15 44100 16 00:03:15 44100 16 128 kbps 00:03:15 44100 16 192 kbps

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Notice: On April 23, 2014, Statalist moved from an email list to a forum, based at statalist.org.
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
Re: st: xtoverid error: internal reestimation of eqn differs from original?
Austin Nichols <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Re: st: xtoverid error: internal reestimation of eqn differs from original?
Fri, 3 May 2013 13:10:49 -0400
Qian Yu <email@example.com>:
You are violating the rules laid out by the Statalist FAQ. You may
profit from rereading it, then reading
On Fri, May 3, 2013 at 8:10 AM, Qian Yu <email@example.com> wrote:
> Dear all
> After I run the command "xtoverid2, noi robust" or "xtoverid, noi"
> after random effect panel regression "xrivreg, re", the end of the
> estimation showed that "xtoverid error: internal reestimation of eqn differs
> from original", what's the meaning of this diagnostic error?
> Many thanks,
> Qian
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/resources/statalist-faq/
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/


text:
Listen to Bret Easton Ellis interview The National's Matt Berninger
The National are Ellis' favourite band
The National are Ellis' favourite band
After five decades, heavy metal's most outrageous made-up men refuse to grow old gracefully. James McNair meets Kiss
After five decades, heavy metal's most outrageous made-up men refuse to grow old gracefully. James McNair meets Kiss
Teens were easy prey in an era with different morals
The reality television star Jack Osbourne has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, it was revealed today.
What's hot on our playlist
The veteran musician can't understand why some bands refuse to endorse products and with his own group putting their name to over 3,000 different ventures, he believes they have properly embraced the spirit of the "music business".
Business leaders of the future are tuning into Kiss frontman's billion-dollar brand lecture
Slipknot closed Sonisphere festival in the UK with a "f***ing celebration" last night.
Having fused folk, country and African rhythms with singer-songwritery perfection, there didn't seem anywhere left for Sam Beam to go after 2007's kaleidoscopic The Shepherd's Dog.
Motley Crue singer Vince Neil is to be jailed for drunk driving.
Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg
Bullet For My Valentine scored a double - including being named best British band - at the Kerrang! Awards.
Hearing the distinctive entrance of "All right, Sheffield, you wanted the best, you got the best, the hottest band in the world, KISS!", the crowd went wild.
'I still love really crappy horror films. I watch two or three a day'
At 60, the former Black Sabbath frontman is finally sober enough to take his driving test – and write his memoirs.
Manchester festival turns in two novel but imperfect productions while Nigel Planer hones his writing skills on a pair of life stories


text:
Malformed frogs: Bayesian and random-effect model analyses
Historical data (1958–1963) on frog malformations in Minnesota, USA, are compared to malformation data collected from 1996 to 1999, at many of the same collection sites, to investigate malformation risk changes between the study periods. We initially consider Mantel-Haenszel and simple logistic regression analyses. Potential variation in risk across data collection sites lead to random-effect logistic regression and hierarchical Bayesian models. We find clear evidence of increased malformation risk in the 1990s data collection period. The random-effect logistic regression and Bayesian logistic regression analyses produce similar point estimates of relative risk, and uncertainty, but Bayesian models allow analysts to view the impact of additional information on the inferences. Bayesian analyses programs in WinBUGS and SAS are provided.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 2 (2010)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
Pages: 103-121
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=282
No references listed on IDEAS
You can help add them by filling out this form.
This item is not listed on Wikipedia, on a reading list or among the top items on IDEAS.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ids:injdan:v:2:y:2010:i:2:p:103-121. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Darren Simpson)
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form.
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.


text:
Is Taylor Lautner Back Together With His Ex?
Sorry, ladies; it appears that Taylor Lautner is no longer on the market, and has retreated into the arms of a former flame.
No, not Taylor Swift. Or Selena Gomez. According to reports, the New Moon beefcake has reunited with his high-school sweetheart, Sarah Hicks. A relationship snitch reveals,
"Taylor and Sarah are definitely back on. She's absolutely gorgeous, and Taylor has always had a thing for her."
Hicks' Twitter account, at least, suggests that she currently has it bad for somebody, anyway; on July 6, as she was preparing to head off on vacation, Sarah tweeted,
"Saying goodbye SUCKS… sitting in the airport bathroom by myself. I'm a mess."
And Lautner, of course, is currently off on location filming his upcoming action/thriller Abduction, so Hicks will most likely have to deal with her separation anxiety for a little while longer.
If, of course the report is true. Do you think Taylor and Sarah are back on and, if so, how long do you think it will last? Please do share your thoughts in the comments section.


text:
Bookmark this site
OAK BROOK, IL -- The American Amusement Machine Association installed new leadership during its annual membership and board meetings in late July. The high-level meetings were held in conjunction with AAMA's Distributor Gala, a showing of new amusement equipment, here at the Oak Brook Hills Marriott Resort.
David Cohen succeeded Dave Courington as AAMA's chairman. Cohen is president and chief executive of Firestone Financial Corp., the largest lender to amusement and vending operators. Newly elected officers serving under the chairman are Neal Rosenberg, vice-chairman; John Margold, treasurer; Dave Drouillard, vice-treasurer; Frank Cosentino, secretary; and Al Kress, assistant secretary.
Some two dozen new games were unveiled at the Distributor Gala, a forum that allows equipment distributors to preview new games before they make an appearance at fall trade shows. Never-before-seen games from Benchmark, Bay Tek and ICE were highlights in the redemption category. Namco's Tanks! Tanks! Tanks!, a simulator that uses portrait screen orientation, and Global VR's Twisted, a fantasy racing game, were among the new videogames. AMI Entertainment Network Inc. unveiled a single-screen solution for TAP.tv.
Industry veteran Neal Rosenberg of S&N Enterprises (Oceanside, NY) was presented with AAMA's Joe Robbins Award, which recognizes outstanding participation in and contributions to the coin-op industry. Last year's honoree, Jon W. Brady of Brady Distributing Co., a past AAMA chairman, presented the award.
Founded in 1981, AAMA is an international nonprofit trade organization representing manufacturers, distributors and part suppliers involved in the coin-operated amusement industry. A board of directors, elected by its members, governs the association and committees. It works with association staff, led by president John Schultz, to develop programs that promote and protect the industry.


text:
ERROR: File MYLIB.FORMATS.CATALOG was created for a different
operating system.
ERROR: The format MYFMT was not found or could not be loaded.
For example, you might encounter the errors when running SAS® on Microsoft Windows processing UNIX data files with formats.
You can use the data values themselves rather than the formatted values by submitting the statement below. The NOFMTERR system option causes SAS to ignore the formats and use the underlying data values:
options nofmterr;
When you are running SAS® 9 on a 64-bit operating system and are processing SAS® 8 data files, you might encounter the errors mentioned above. This is due to the fact that SAS 8.2 under HP-UX, Solaris, and AIX operating systems was supported in both 32 and 64-bit architectures. However, only 64-bit architecture is supported for these platforms in SAS 9. Therefore, if you are running SAS 9 under one of these platforms, it is now 64-bit. When SAS tries to open a format catalog created in a previous 32-bit session, the errors are generated.
Similarly, under the Windows operating system, you might run SAS 9 in a Windows 64-bit environment and attempt to process data files created under a SAS 32-bit session (or vice-versa). If those data files contain permanent formats and SAS tries to open the 32-bit format catalog from Windows 64-bit, the errors are generated.
In order to circumvent this error, the format catalog must be recreated in the correct bit representation. This can be accomplished by doing one of the following:
For examples of using PROC FORMAT options to create a format catalog in different bit representations, see SAS Note 22194. For an example of using the CPORT/CIMPORT procedures for this situation, see the Full Code tab in SAS Note 38339.


text:
Uncyclopedia talk:Horoscopes
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Because I'm as bold as I am (un?)funny, I'm taking over this week - someone let me know if I should never do it again for the love of god. TPLN 22:22, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
I stole this week, hope no one cares... The HRH MuCal. Tayor MUN (Praise!) (CMC!) 17:04, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
Newly updated for week of April 2! Apologies, I was logged out when I wrote the article, but it's actually me. Brianrein 02:02, 4 April 2007 (UTC) Newly updated for week of April 9! Brianrein 23:32, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
i have taken over horoscope duties as of the week of 11/26/07, because it seems like something uncyc should have. of course, other people are welcome to write them also, i just mean that i'll make sure they get updated weekly. -- 02:08, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
How do you do it, GT? Hilarious every time... *shakes fist in jealousy* • • • Necropaxx (T) {~} {{SUBST:CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{SUBST:CURRENTTIME}}, {{SUBST:CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{SUBST:CURRENTDAY}} {{SUBST:CURRENTYEAR}} UTC
- Thanks, paxx. It's a lot of fun for me. In fact, don't tell anyone, but the truth is I'd totally do this for free. -- GlobalTourniquet: UnAstrologer, UnJournalist, shameless narcissistic America-hating liberal atheist award-winning featured writer 22:45, February 22, 2010 (UTC)
- I hate to break it to you, but those paychecks they give you? They're fake. The money goes to some orphans that don't really deserve it. I know this can be a little hard to take in, but it's for the best. • • • Necropaxx (T) {~} {{SUBST:CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{SUBST:CURRENTTIME}}, {{SUBST:CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} {{SUBST:CURRENTDAY}} {{SUBST:CURRENTYEAR}} UTC


text:
Medieval Festival - Fort Tryon Park and the Cloisters
Hours: 11:30am-6pm
Ages: All
Margaret Corbin Circle - 190th Street and Fort Washington Avenue - 212-795-1600
Washington Heights, NY 10033
Description: The Medieval Festival brings to life the customs and spirit of the Middle Ages. Manhattan's Fort Tryon Park is transformed into a medieval market town decorated with bright banners and processional flags. Performers, guests and festival goers dress in medieval costume. Visitors are greeted by authentic medieval music, dance, magic and minstrels, as well as jugglers and jesters. Costumed vendors will be on hand to demonstrate and sell a wide variety of medieval crafts as well as food and drink. The afternoon concludes with a thrilling joust between four knights on horseback. The Festival extends all the way around the world-famous Cloisters, a magnificent museum of medieval art. Visitors are encouraged to come by public transportation. Take the A train to 190th St. or the M4 bus to 190th and Fort Washington Avenue. The Festival is produced by the Washington Heights and Inwood Development Corporation, a privately and publicly supported not-for-profit corporation. The event is jointly sponsored by WHIDC and the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
Doris Jean Mabe, 81, of Corinth, died Sunday, July 29, 2012, at the St. Elizabeth Hospice Center in Edgewood.
Survivors include her daughter, Nora Cook of Corinth; a sister, Mary Sue Statham of Fla., two grandchildren and seven great grandchildren.
Funeral services will be held at the convenience of the family.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Grant County News, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


text:
Skip Navigation
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research have identified a set of characteristics that appears to predict a boy's vulnerability to substance use disorder (SUD) in young adulthood. Once validated for use with the general population, this new construct, "neurobehavioral disinhibition," may help clinicians tailor drug abuse prevention programs for children most in need of support.
Under the direction of Dr. Ralph E. Tarter, the researchers have conducted comprehensive longitudinal studies to understand how neurobehavioral disinhibition may relate to the genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors that are thought to predispose individual boys to SUD. They have developed an index that links the set of personality characteristics to a quantitative scoring system. The index appears to identify as early as age 10 children who are especially vulnerable to drug problems in adolescence.
Neurobehavioral disinhibition comprises a cluster of emotional tendencies, behavioral symptoms, and problems in cognitive function that indicate that a child has not adequately developed psychological self-regulation, a capacity that depends on normal neurological development (see "Neurobehavioral Disinhibition: A Closer Look").
According to Dr. Tarter, the construct's key strength is its biological basis: Its elements closely relate to what is known about the brain's development. "Neurobehavioral disinhibition points to deficiencies in those higher level brain functions—self-control and deliberate, goal-directed action—that we know are managed in the prefrontal cortex."
According to Dr. Kevin Conway, director of the Program on Antisocial Behaviors and Related Vulnerability in NIDA's Epidemiology Research Branch, Dr. Tarter's research shows that the construct actually works. He notes that Dr. Tarter and his colleagues followed the same group of children for more than a decade and that "the children's early scores for neurobehavioral disinhibition predicted with amazing accuracy whether or not they would develop SUD and how severe their problems would be." He adds that "Dr. Tarter's study takes earlier research on vulnerability to drug abuse a step forward and points to particular components of a person's biological makeup that may be at the root of the problem."
To develop their construct and its numerical scoring system, Dr. Tarter's group tracked from childhood to young adulthood 47 boys at high average risk and 65 boys at low average risk of SUD based on their status as biological offspring of fathers with or without SUD as defined by the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic criteria (DSMIII-R). The investigators limited this particular study to boys because the girls in their longitudinal research program were enrolled later and had not been followed long enough to make valid predictions and match the outcomes to them.
Researchers hope that early identification and treatment of neurobehavioral disinhibition can help at-risk children develop self-control and avoid drug initiation and abuse.
The neurobehavioral disinhibition construct was developed by assessing the children in the study using a series of existing tools that measure dysregulated emotions, behavioral undercontrol, and executive (higher order) cognitive capacity. To measure emotion, for example, the researchers used the "difficult" temperament index from the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey. They measured behavior "undercontrol" using two diagnostic tools, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, as rated by the children's mothers, and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, as measured by their teachers. A battery of neurological tests measured cognitive processes that depend on the prefrontal cortex.
The next step, verifying the construct by a statistical technique called factor analysis, confirmed that the separate components of neurobehavioral disinhibition—personality style, behavior, and brain function—tend to occur together. This suggests that neurobehavioral disinhibition is driven by a single process involving prefrontal cortex functioning. Says Dr. Tarter, "We are looking at the integrity of the brain by measuring its activities."
To test the hypothesis that the neurobehavioral disinhibition score is correlated with expected risk of future SUD, Dr. Tarter's team compared the scores of the high-risk boys in the study with those of the low-risk boys. The boys at higher risk had significantly higher scores at ages 10 to 12 on several, though not all, of the component indicators of neurobehavioral disinhibition. When the boys were tested again at age 16, the higher risk boys had scores consistent with neurobehavioral disinhibition on every component indicator of the trait.
Moreover, the boys' disinhibition scores at ages 10 to 12 predicted with nearly 70-percent accuracy whether they would actually develop SUD by age 19. Even more strikingly, their disinhibition scores at age 16, combined with their frequency of drug use in the previous 30 days, predicted with 85-percent accuracy their likelihood of developing SUD by age 19. In fact, the boys' disinhibition scores at age 16 were better predictors of SUD at 19 than the frequency of their drug use at age 16. In addition, their disinhibition scores were strongly predictive of the general severity of their problems as measured by the "overall problem density score" on the revised Drug Use Screening Inventory. This score includes health, behavior, school, family, and social adjustment problems.
The scores have both positive and negative predictive value, according to Dr. Tarter's research report. However, some of the data indicate that a high disinhibition score predicts that a boy will have SUD with a greater degree of probability than a low score predicts that he will avoid the disorder. The boys' high scores at age 16 predicted future SUD with 97-percent accuracy; on the other hand, low scores at this age predicted with only 61-percent accuracy that SUD would not develop.
"From NIDA's perspective, this research is a long-term investment," notes Dr. Conway. "Because it is a longitudinal study, Dr. Tarter and his colleagues have been able to gather a broad range of information about the boys, so that the effect of the multiple factors known to be related to SUD can be traced over time."
The next phase of the study will be especially interesting, because the first group of boys will have entered young adulthood, when SUD most often emerges. The researchers will continue to track the young men even as new participants join the study.
The findings should not be assumed to apply to all children, Dr. Tarter cautions. Before the trait can be considered universally valid and ready for use in working with children, much larger studies will be needed involving the general population, including both genders and diverse ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
"It is important that our new knowledge be used to bring about constructive change," Dr. Tarter adds. "An index of neurobehavioral disinhibition has potential value because it offers an opportunity to monitor children's development and detect those children with significant deviations, who may be at heightened risk of SUD. If teachers, counselors, and parents can identify a child's problems early, they can structure environmental conditions to promote a healthy outcome and avoid the path to SUD."
The construct developed by Dr. Tarter and his colleagues includes many symptoms that characterize attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. But it reaches beyond those diagnostic categories to describe emotional states and neurological capacities as well as their behavioral manifestations.
Compared to his peers, a "disinhibited" child can be described as "difficult." His (or her) moods are volatile, and he often exhibits restlessness and an inability to persevere in a task. Poor self-management often reveals itself in risky, even reckless behavior. Neurological tests reveal a lack of certain capacities that originate in the part of the brain that manages higher level thinking. Three dimensions of his problem are especially important:
Tarter, R.E., et al. Neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predicts early age at onset of substance use disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 160(6):1078-1085, 2003.[Abstract]
Volume 19, Number 2 (July 2004)
For additional information about NIDA Notes, send e-mail to email@example.com


text:
Fitzgerald's glittering Jazz Age masterpiece
Jay Gatsby is a self-made man, famed for his decadent champagne-drenched parties. Despite being surrounded by Long Island's bright and beautiful, Gatsby longs only for Daisy Buchanan. In shimmering prose, Fitzgerald shows Gatsby pursue his dream to its tragic conclusion. The Great Gatsby is an elegiac and exquisite portrait of the American Dream.
About the Author
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 -1940) is widely considered the poet laureate of the Jazz Age. He wrote many short stories and four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and the Damned, Tender is the Night and The Great Gatsby. An unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, was published posthumously.
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Best Uses
Reviewed by 4 customers
Best Uses
Comments about The Great Gatsby:
Fitzgerald's clear yet captivating prose paints a vibrant image of the headonistic youth of 1920's New York, while also teaching the reader a valuable lesson on wealth and the corruption that it brings.
What I love most about this book is that - at the crux - it is a love story. Gatsby, despite his extravagant lifestyle and suspicious income, should seem alien to the average reader. Yet as the book moves forward he becomes increasingly human and wretched as his one true weakness is revealed - love.
I highly recommend reading this classic short tale. Prepare to be both entertained and surprised at the journey it will take you on.
Best Uses
Comments about The Great Gatsby:
A beautiful and insightful read. This book is timeless and how it is written- spectacular. Am so happy we are studying this book in class, there are so many points and aspects in the book that can be analysed. honestly a great read.
Best Uses
Comments about The Great Gatsby:
absolutely love the Vintage edition cover - it suits the ambience of the novel perfectly.
Best Uses
Comments about The Great Gatsby:
Great book, light reading and beautiful language.
"One of the greatest works of American literature...a timeless evocation of the allure, corruption and carelessness of wealth."
"-- The Times
""It is a marvellously suggestive novel... a parable of modern America, and by extension of modern life."
--A. N. Wilson", Daily Telegraph
""The first and greatest modern novel, it has beautiful women, lavish parties, romance, betrayal and murder woven together in an intricately structured plot. A prescient comment on the dying days of a gilded age that is brilliant entertainment with a very eloquent insight"."
Audience: Tertiary; University or College
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 148
Published: 1st January 2010
Publisher: Vintage Publishing
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 19.8 x 13.0 x 1.0
Weight (kg): 0.12
Edition Number: 1


text: Thomas Bushnell BSG wrote: > email@example.com (Paul Hampson) writes: > > > Since USA stands for United States of America, then the > > residents would have just an extra n. > > So USAn. (Pronounced U S Anne I expect.) > > And lest the humor get carried away, making up names to refer to > people of other countries instead of their own names is offensive. Having been borne and raised in the US, I support and use the term ``Usian'' to refer to those from the US. American is not precise enough, as it can refer to anyone from either continent. Yes, Canadians, Brazilians, Mexicans, and Colombians are all Americans. Just like how Frenchman, Germans, and Spaniards are all Europeans. -- John H. Robinson, IV email@example.com http (((( WARNING: I cannot be held responsible for the above, sbih.org ( )(:[ as apparently my cats have learned how to type. spiders.html ((((


text: I plan on going to costa rica jan 2013. I plan on hitting up all surf spots, since iam originally from there, surfing the whole coast. If you are interested on going message me on here. my original surf spot is manasquan but with the mess this storm has cost, i dont see anyone surfing there anytime soon is.. so this is one reason why iam planning this trip as well as others in the future.


text:
Apple Hires Ex-CEO of Yves Saint Laurent
Applesaid late Tuesday that it hired Paul Deneve, former chief executive of French fashion retailer Yves Saint Laurent, to be a vice president.
The Cupertino, Calif. company said in a statement that Mr. Deneve would be joining the company as a vice president of "special projects" reporting directly to Tim Cook, Apple's chief executive.
"We're thrilled to welcome Paul Deneve to Apple," a company spokeswoman said. She didn't describe what Mr. Deneve's job will entail.
Kering, the French retailer that owns the Yves Saint Laurent brand, signaled the change earlier Monday when it said Mr. Deneve was standing down as chief executive of the brand after two years on the job. Mr. Deneve was leaving Yves Saint Laurent to "take up a new career opportunity in the high-tech industry," according to Kering.
Apple has previously drawn from other luxury retailers to fill the ranks of its retail operation.
The company is still searching for a replacement to head its retail operations following the ousting of John Browett in October of last year.
– Nadya Masidlover contributed to this post


text:
Boston, Massachusetts 3101
United States
|Areas of Practice
|1) Corporate
|Law School
|Suffolk University Law School
|University of New Hampshire (B.S., summa cum laude
|Most recent firm
|Nixon Peabody LLP
|Relevant Jobs
Corporate Associate
Corporate Associate The candidate must have 5-7 years of experience in general corporate and transactional work, including mergers and acquisitions, venture capital, debt and equity financing and com...
Apply now
Mid- / Senior-level Private Equity Associate
Mid- / Senior-level Private Equity Associate The candidate must have experience both working in teams and in managing components of transactions independently, with specific experience in a broad ran...
Apply now
|+ View more jobs
A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Alan Singer is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Securities Practice. Mr. Singer advises companies with regard to a diverse range of corporate and securities matters.


text:
Have Toyota Questions? Ask a Mechanic for Answers ASAP
no ck eng light. did not clear.
what is needed to ck switch. dvom, test light, and how should it be tested?
thanks very much.
The automaticdisconnecting differential has an electrical connector going to it. Pin numberthree is a green wire. This will have voltage until the automatic disconnectingdifferential switch inside is closed. When it closes the voltage will go tozero volts. This switch is supposed to close whenever the drive motor iscommanded to operate based on the input from the four-wheel-drive controlsystem. The drive motor moves the sleeve to engage the front differential andthe switch closes. If the motor is moving and the system is engaging intofour-wheel-drive the voltage should go to zero volts. If you are not sure if it'sgoing into differential lock you can apply power and ground to the pin numberone and pin number two pins which are the power and ground inputs to the drivemotor. By removing the connector in alternating power and ground you can movethe actuator in and then move the actuator out simply by reversing thepolarity. Let me know how this test goes.
should we backprob the green wire to test. is it ok to backprobe 1 and 2 to move motor back and forth?
ok thanks, XXXXX XXXXX this.


text:
|QUILT CORNER: Labor of Love
|By the Quilt Lady: Billie Ruth Standbridge | Lone Star Heritage Quilt Guild
August 13, 2006 - What is more special than recognizing a couple who has shared 50 loving years, and the recognition comes as a complete surprise? Usually sons and daughters plan a 50th anniversary celebration, but Carroll and Deanna Hasten kept saying "No, no, we don't want a party." So, did their party happen in an ordinary way? No way. Unbeknownst to them, a special celebration was being planned by the family of Carroll's longtime business partner, Bob Flecker and employees, who are almost all family. The Hasten family had already blended with the Flecker family when Mike Hasten married Bob Flecker's daughter, Ro. When you have this kind of extended family, and a mother/mother-in-law, who is personified by her love of quilting, what do you do? You make a quilt to honor the momentous event.
If any of you men out there are reading this article, you're probably thinking, "Great for the little lady, but what about her husband? What does he think about getting a quilt for a 50th anniversary gift?" Well, you need to know something about this wonderfully generous, supportive man. He made the first quilt stands that our guild ever had so that we could have our own for our annual quilt shows. He's an honorary member of the Lone Star Heritage Quilt Guild, and he's right out front when the guild has their quilt auction. But, above all that, he and the whole extended Hasten/Flecker family, erect all of the quilt stands for our shows, accommodating well over a hundred quilts. Carroll has always supported his creative lady in all of her endeavors. So, it's my guess that their getting a quilt on this special occasion, made by family, would be quite natural to him.
So, the way a thought was translated to action, Bob Flecker's daughter, Renee' Whillock, approached Ro, the Hasten's daughter-in-law, about the idea of a quilt, and from there it was a matter of putting thought into action. Easier said than done. Other members of the extended work family wanted to help, too. Most had regular work hours to cover, all had families, and many had little ones to take care of. And, in Ro's case, one on the way. In spite of all the reasons that this would seem like an impossible project, they ran with it. I'll bet it's a mystery to even them how they managed to find the kind of time that it takes to put a quilt together. We quilters know what kind of time and concentration that takes, and most of us don't have little ones running around.
This brave task started back in February of 2006. They found a pattern called "Sweethearts," which they renamed "50 Hearts for 50 Years." You might suspect this is going to be one big sized quilt. From the day that they went to look for fabric, this became a juggling act among all of them to trade off cutting, sewing, ironing and supervising and feeding children. The focus was 50 pieced red hearts in a field of gold. This took thousands of squares and half triangles.
During the following months, every free moment, collectively or individually, all of them worked toward finishing a July deadline. A small break took place while daughter-in-law Ro had her baby. Only a few days later they were back on the job. New grandson, Cage, was placed on a pad in the middle of the table with the sewing machines whirring. Can you imagine how soothing that must have been? I was most impressed with the allocation of work assignments. All could never solely focus on the quilt. Somebody was always supervising, changing or feeding little ones. Only occasional vacations slowed the progress. By the time they finished, it was bigger than a king-size.
To this point, I've told you only how the top looks. They wanted to make the back special, too. They decided that the back fabric should represent some of what Carroll and Deanna had been interested in over their 50 years. There was bird fabric representing their love of watching the birds coming to eat at their feeders. The golf fabric, of course, representing Carroll's love of the "Grand Old Game," and then there's Deanna's Red Hat lady fabric. They couldn't overlook bluebonnets and the Texas flag representing the state. They finalized with "I Love You" fabric.
They met their target date of July to get the quilt to Doris Roberts for quilting, alerting her that this was to be a surprise. It was a good thing, because the following day, Deanna brought over a quilt of her own to get quilted. Doris bound and put beautiful quilting all over this giant quilt
Afterwards, other family members helped with the beautifully computerized design of the label.
The day before the anniversary date, Deanna was taking Darlene, Bob Flecker's wife, out to lunch for her birthday. Afterwards they were to go by the company office, which wasn't anything unusual. She walked in, and the whole blended family was there, with all the party works and culminating, of course, in the presentation of a huge box containing the quilt. But that wasn't all. To accompany the quilt was a scrapbook made up of the entire story of how all of this went together and pictures of every step of the way, including little Cage lying in the middle of the work table. What a labor of love!
Our next guild meeting on the 28th of August is a very important meeting. All work assignments for the Fall Festival Quilt Show must be finalized, making attendance extremely important. We have set quite a reputation for ourselves, so let's not let our guild or the public down. If you have any questions about the meeting or the entry forms, call Billie Ruth at 903-439-0862.
Older Archives
Looking for News-Telegram Sports and News Archives for January 2004 - November 2008


text:
Gay old time to be had at Rio "Diversity" festival
Rio de Janeiro isn't just the setting for an animated movie featuring macaws.
It's also the venue for the third annual Diversity in Animation festival, which gets underway this Friday, May 6.
Featuring a lineup of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual and transgender animated films, it continues until May 13 at the Cine Cultural Justica Federal.
This year's program includes a special devoted to J.J. Sedelmaier that includes 11 episodes of The Ambiguously Gay Duo. Produced by Robert Smigel, the shorts ran sporadically on Saturday Night Live from 1996 to 2002.
A special program on the festival's final day will screen the three top prizewinners, chosen by the Popular Jury, Technical Jury and Festival Jury.
There are 22 entries in the short film competition, divided into two programs. As well, the festival features 18 premieres. There'll also be a retrospective of the best films and winners from last year's fest.
For more information on the Diversity in Animation festival, visit its Web site at www.diversidadeemanimacao.com.
[Via Animation Magazine — www.animationmagazine.net/events/3rd-diversity-in-animation-fest-to-unspool-22-films-in-rio/]


text:
Sylpheed is a simple, lightweight but featureful, and easy-to-use e-mail client. It provides intuitive user-interface, Powerful filtering and search, Junk mail control, Security features (GnuPG, SSL/TLSv1). Sylpheed supports not only the major protocols such as POP3, IMAP4rev1 and SMTP, but also NNTP (NetNews). IPv6, which is the next-generation Internet protocol, is also supported by default.http://sylpheed.sraoss.jp/en/
|mail-client email-client mail pop3 smtp client
|Windows Linux MacOS
Claws Mail is a GTK+ based, lightweight, and fast e-mail client and newsreader. Supports POP3, APOP, IMAP, SMTP, SMTP AUTH, NNTP, LDAP, multiple accounts, spell-checking, addressbook, SSL, GPG, filtering, i18n, & more. It is further extended by plugins. Lots of extra functionality, like an RSS aggregator, calendar, or laptop LED handling, are provided by extra plugins.mail-client email-client mail pop3 smtp client newsreader rss-aggregator
Roundcube Webmail is a browser-based multilingual IMAP client with an application-like user interface. It provides full functionality you expect from an email client, including MIME support, address book, folder management, message searching and spell checking.imap impa-client webmail mail-client mail webmail-client web-mail
Citadel is a collaboration suite (messaging and groupware). It provides support for Email, Calendaring/Scheduling, Address books, Bulletin boards, Mailing List Server, Instant Messaging, Wiki, Multiple domain support.mail-server groupware bulletin-board mailing-list wiki instant-messaging smtp pop3
Thunderbird is most popular simple e-mail, newsgroup and news feed client. It is comparable to Microsoft outlook. It supports features such as Firefox's tabbed browsing, Email search, Message archive, Spam filtering, Message grouping, SSL, TLS, POP3 and IMAP support and lot more.mail email-client mail-client imap pop3 smtp
Zimbra is the most capable open source email and collaboration suite available today. It provides support for Email, Shared calendar, Document management, Pop3, Address book and lot more. Mails could be tagged and search support is also provided. Zimbra is considered as an alternative to Microsoft Exchange Server.mail-server groupware instant-messaging smtp pop3 imap document-management dms
James (a.k.a Java Apache Mail Enterprise Server) is a 100% pure Java SMTP and POP3 Mail server, and NNTP News server designed to be a complete and portable enterprise mail/messaging engine solution based on currently available open messaging protocols.mail-server enterprise mailing-list smtp pop3 nntp
Twisted is an event-driven networking engine written in Python. Twisted makes it easy to implement custom network applications, both servers and clients. It also supports many common network protocols, including SMTP, POP3, IMAP, SSHv2, DNS and lot more. The twisted.web webserver is a scalable, small-footprint web server that's easy to configure. It's efficient enough to serve a high-traffic website.webserver networking-engine web-server event-driven networking-library asynchronous async
An extremely configurable portable GUI email and news client for Windows/Unix (including OS X) with IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and NNTP support, SSL, flexible address database, Python scripting, powerful filtering, and many other features for advanced users.
Hastymail is a fast, secure, rfc-compliant, cross-platform IMAP/SMTP client application written in PHP providing a clean web interface for sending and reading E-mail. It is compatible with PDAs, phones, text browsers, and all mainstream browsers. The ability to use a database for storing user settings, contacts, and plugin data, with support for both Postgresql and Mysql.mail email-client webmail mail-client webmail-client web-mail imap-client
SharpWebMail is an ASP.NET webmail application that is written in C#. It uses a POP3 or IMAP servers as the mailstore and sends mail through a SMTP server. It is very simple to configure (only a few settings in the web.config file). You can compose HTML messages, search your inbox, read complex mime messages, have multiple address books and much more.webmail web-mail smtp mail-client pop3 imap mail-store
We have large collection of open source products. Follow the tags from
Tag Cloud >>


text:
GENEALOGY-DNA-L ArchivesArchiver > GENEALOGY-DNA > 2005-05 > 1116030990
From: (John Chandler)
Subject: Re: [DNA] No easily found R1b sub-clades - WHY?
Date: Fri, 13 May 2005 20:36:30 -0400 (EDT)
References: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
In-Reply-To: <firstname.lastname@example.com>(email@example.com)
Jon wrote:
> Let me re-phrase my original statement:
> It is thought by many researchers that the Gavetttian (also known as
> Prigordian) culture, generally believed to be associated with Y-DNA Hg
> I, was a later arrival into Europe.
You still have to recognize that there is absolutely no evidence tying
the Gravettian culture to any specific haplogroup(s) (and the same goes
for Aurignacian and Solutrean and all the rest). This is at best a
plausible speculation. Moreover, the means of transmission (cultural
contact vs population replacement) is debatable. The relative times
of arrival of the cultures are therefore of dubious relevance at best.
> suggested: splinter groups following game herds become isolated, and
> reinforcing their own characteristic mutational differences in a small area.
The concept of reinforcement belongs to diploid heritage and
evolution. It does not occur in Y DNA. Perhaps you are looking for a
mechanism which simply kills off most of the splinter groups most of
the time while allowing a few to be enormously successful. I can
readily envision a mechanism that kills people off, but where is the
path to success? Is it purely random? Or do you get ahead by
building a better atlatl?
John Chandler
This thread:
|Re: [DNA] No easily found R1b sub-clades - WHY? by (John Chandler)


text:
Balneario Camboriu Vacation Packages
Balneario Camboriu is the perfect place to stay while you are in Itajai as some of the city's most popular attractions are close. Two sights that should be at the top of every visitor's list is the fabulous Cinerama Shopping Mall and the much-loved Almirante Tamandare Square. And don't miss the Atlantico Shopping Mall and the Cristo Luz Monument.
If the sun is shining get outdoors and appreciate the nearby green spaces. Stretch your legs and take the family to a local beach, such as Buraco Beach.
Take the time to view the popular sights in the area. If your spirit could do with a little renewal, you'll love the serenity at sacred places like the Sao Sebastiao Church.
Finding somewhere convenient to unpack your bags close to Balneario Camboriu is easy. Take your pick from the Mercure Camboriu Hotel, the Melo Hotel, or the Slaviero Slim Balneário Camboriú.


text:
Select your prefered store.
Enter your postcode or name of current city and select from a list of trusted Garment Care Professionals in that area.
We've designed The Dry Cleaner App to make your life easier. The App connects you with local garment care specialists who will help with all your laundry needs. Download The Dry Cleaner App today for a hassle-free, user-friendly dry cleaning experience.
The Dry Cleaner App has been developed to give all garment care professionals an effective mobile presence. Founded by a practicing garment care professional, we understand how the industry works and the need for modernisation to help attract more customers. Join our growing number of professionals who utilise our free app to expand their existing business model today.


text:
User Galleries
Main Gallery
Colors of Fall
Designer: hayesms
Tags: DSD07 leaves, fall colors
|Add to Favorites | Tell a Friend
Leaves changing color for fall. I used my scenery pictures for background that I took on the Blue Ridge Mtn Pkwy.
Additional Images:
Comments: You must be logged in to leave a comment.
|audosborne, at 06:23PM on Thursday November 08, 2007
Ahhh! I know the Blue Ridge Parkway well but I haven't been there this fall. Lovely LO's. Where do you live?
|danak, at 08:57PM on Thursday November 08, 2007
FABULOUS!!!!! Your pictures and LOs are amazing - really great job!
|hayesms, at 05:45AM on Friday November 09, 2007
Thanks. I live in Charlotte, NC. Martha
|audosborne, at 09:37PM on Friday November 09, 2007
Nice city. I live in East Tennessee. Are the picutures from NC or VA? They look like North Carolina.
|hayesms, at 05:11AM on Saturday November 10, 2007
They are from NC near Sparta.
|Jesse77, at 10:52AM on Sunday November 11, 2007
Love your style, and how you used photos for the background, they really have nice flow.


text:
Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Contact for details
Find a great place you will be proud to call home! Conveniently located only minutes from downtown Milwaukee in the Northshore suburb of Glendale. A Great Location! You can enjoy our beautifully landscaped 13 acres of grass and trees from your private patio or balcony. We offer spacious one and two bedroom floor plans with exceptional closet space and generous room sizes, and select two bedroom plans with a washer and dryer inside! Plus every apartment has individually controlled heat. Two free parking spaces are also included with each apartment. *Prices subject to change daily, please call for prices and availability!* -Equal Housing Opportunity-
Lease Terms: 6 - 12 month terms offered at various price points to fit your needs. Pet Policy: 2 max pets per unit, dogs need to be shorter than 18 inches, $200 per pet deposit, $150 per pet non-refundable pet fee.
Pets Accepted. Breed Restriction. Cats Allowed. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
224 units
Contact Propertyor call
Glen Hills is a nice place to live. The feeling of a private entrance and a small patio is a nice perk. The of Read Morefice staff is very friendly and the maintenance staff works very fast. Parking is never a problem and the area is nice and quiet.
January 12, 2016
I feel the rent is high, but we love living here because we are less than 10 minutes away from both our jobs. Read MoreGlen Hills staff is wonderful and helpful! They plan fun activities for not just families, but for all residents! The summer picnic is my favorite! We have good neighbors and are pleased.
January 05, 2016
The office and maintenance staff are very friendly and cooperative. Have good neighbors also.
December 26, 2015
They are very good at keeping the grounds kept in summer and parking lot in winter.
December 26, 2015
Every time I have any maintenance requests or issues they are always very friendly and professional in handlin Read Moreg them. They were very helpful and accommodating when it came time for me to move into another unit in the same complex. Living in Glen hills gives you a peace of mind because it is a quiet environment in a great neighborhood and school district.
December 23, 2015
Monday: 9:00am-5:30pm
Tuesday: 9:00am-7:00pm
Wednesday-Thursday: 9:00am-5:30pm
Friday: 9:00am-5:00pm
Saturday: 10:00am-4:00pm
Sunday: Closed
Banner Property Management, Inc
Your message has been sent. This property will be saved on My Rent.
Don't have a Rent.com account? Create one.
Creating an account allows you to acccess your saved and contacted properties on any device. Already have an account?
Log In
We are experiencing technical difficulties at the moment. Please try again later.


text:
Skip to Main Content
District Home
Select a School...
Select a School
Burnet Hill Elementary School
Collins Elementary School
Harrison Elementary School
Hillside Elementary School
Mt. Pleasant Elementary School
Riker Hill Elementary School
Mt. Pleasant Middle School
Heritage Middle School
Livingston High School
Livingston Education Foundation
Sign In
Livingston Public Schools
2015-2016 Budget
District Information
About Our Schools
District Administration
Business Administrator
Employment Opportunities
Transportation Department
LPS Newsroom
Board of Education
About the Board
Policies & Regulations
District Departments
Curriculum & Instruction
Testing and Accountability
Student Services
Guidance/School Counseling
Health Services
Parent Resources
Technology Resources
Technology Resources
Tech Tips
Student Resources
Staff Portal
Business Administrator
Business Operations Handbook
Accounts Payable
Buildings & Grounds
Facility Rental Information
Transportation Department
Late Bus Runs
Request for Public Records
Free and Reduced Lunch Program
Student Accident Insurance
This page is currently unavailable.
Questions or Feedback?
Terms of Use
TRUSTe Approved Privacy Policy
Thursday, July 27, 2017
Site Map
Questions or Feedback?
Blackboard Web Community Manager Privacy Policy (Updated)
Terms of Use
Copyright © 2002-2017 Blackboard, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
This content has been marked as final. Show 2 replies
1. Re: About -Xcomp -Xint or default mixed-mode843829 Feb 22, 2008 6:52 PM (in response to 843829)The JVM keeps track of how many times a method is
executed by the interpreter and compiles the method
once the number of executions have exceeded a
threshold. As you say -Xcomp causes every method
to be compiled. That includes methods that are
executed only once. For those you pay the price
for compiling and don't get any benefit because
the method is never executed again. The assumption
is that methods that are performance critical are
executed often and will get compiled. I would say
in your case since you don't see improved performance
that assumption is correct. I don't have any more details
about these setting because I just use the default
2. Re: About -Xcomp -Xint or default mixed-mode843829 Feb 25, 2008 8:37 AM (in response to 843829)Thank you very much jon999,
your answer has clarified me the topic. Furthermore I've found an interesting HotSpot-related FAQ on java.sun.com that do completes the picture.
Best regards,


text:
Lead role: Matt Zemeres.
Photo: Paul Rovere
MATT Zemeres lovingly calls his mum "one of those over-enthusiastic mothers". She has flown down from her Brisbane home to see him five times in the play Holding the Man since its Sydney premiere in 2006. And she saw it four times in its recent Brisbane season.
"Each time she came she brought a stack of friends and family," says Zemeres. "She drags her poor partner along too, Dennis. He's this stereotypical Aussie male, a really straight-up-and-down bloke, but he loves the play, and cries in it. So I think that's a good sign, when someone like Den can sit through the show nine times."
First and foremost, Holding the Man is a love story. Playwright Tommy Murphy, who wrote the play from the book of the same name by Timothy Conigrave, calls it "one of our greatest love stories in literature, full stop".
Holding the Man began as a memoir by the Melbourne-born Conigrave about falling in love as a teenager with Xavier College schoolmate and captain of the school football team John Caleo, and their subsequent 15-year relationship. The union ended tragically at the height of the AIDS epidemic, with both men succumbing to the disease. Caleo died first and Conigrave less than two years later in 1994, just months before Holding the Man was published.
The book went on to win the 1995 United Nations Human Rights Award for non-fiction, was published in several languages and became a beloved tome among the gay community.
It is this last point that is most important to those involved in its transfer to the stage, of whom all except one have been with the Griffin Theatre Company production since it premiered at Sydney's 120-seat Stables Theatre.
Zeremes has played John since day one, opposite Guy Edmonds a fellow Queensland University of Technology drama graduate as Tim. Neither actor is gay; in fact, the only aspect of the play that is confronting to Zeremes' family and friends is not his portrayal of a gay man, but the love story he tells.
"There's something about the play that, I think, as an audience member you're able to look through the sexuality of the two characters and just get immersed in the love story itself," says Zemeres. He says his only concern with the role "stemmed from wanting to do a really good job because of the fact it's a true story, these people existed, and that (their) family members and friends would be coming to see the show. I knew this story had affected a lot of people, so I felt a sense of obligation to get it right."
Murphy had not read the book until Griffin Theatre Company director David Berthold suggested he "see if there was a play in it".
"My boyfriend Dane had read it and (he was) absolutely devastated by the book," says Murphy. "It's a common story: people often make the mistake of finishing this book on public transport and ending up in a flood of tears."
Still, Murphy admits he teased Dane when he was reading the book. And that he judged the book by the cover: a picture of two shirtless men embracing.
"I'm not one who reads much gay literature and I admit, I get a little bit tired of gay stories that feel like monoculture to me. So I kind of teased Dane for reading what I thought was just 'some gay book'. It wasn't until I read it that I realised it was the most stunning, beautiful love story, the best love story in Australian literature. I really think it is."
Zemeres also found himself moved by the book, most profoundly by John's commitment to the more promiscuous Tim. "I think out of Tim and John, I definitely aligned myself with John, and I guess that uncommitted love he has for Tim and the ability to look beyond all Tim's flaws in their relationship," he says.
"There's some images in the play, there's a scene set in the hospital where John's really sick on the bed and his family's around him. As an audience member, I think it'd be really hard not to imagine one of my loved ones there."
Zemeres was in that position last year when his father-in-law died, and also in 2004, when he and a friend were both struck down in a hit-and-run. While Zemeres escaped serious injury, his friend died after 18 days on life support.
"As a performer, it's hard not to think about all that kind of stuff when you're doing the show," he says. "In some respects, the journey you go through every night I don't like to trivialise these things at all (but) it's like a cleansing feeling going through that each night."
Holding the Man is at the Merlyn Theatre, CUB Malthouse, Sturt Street, Southbank, from tonight until April 19.
send photos, videos & tip-offs to 0406 THE AGE (0406 843 243), or us.
Subscribe to The Age and save up to 35%*


text:
Everyone loves trivia and quiz nights, now PubTrivia brings all the fun of team trivia to your bar or pub.
We will make yours the most competitive, challenging and fun night in your area!
No expensive electronics to buy or rent. No hassles developing new quizzes or promotional materials...
we do it all for you!
For years we have been providing the best trivia and quiz nights in numerous bars and pubs around the globe and now the fun is coming to your bar or pub. Read on to get the scoop!
"How does it work?", you ask. Okay, okay! We'll tell ya! here are the basics:
You provide a host (aka quiz master), a p.a. system (not necessary in small pubs), and inexpensive food and/or drink prizes. We'll provide the quiz package, full color promo posters and the simple time-tested formula that we have established to make your quiz night run smoothly and maximize effectiveness!
Then you keep bending your guests brains with our challenging quiz packs while they enjoy the challenge (and food and drinks!). All at a leisurely pace for maximum effectiveness (more on that in your special tips and hints guide).
All this, and much more, at a low cost per quiz pack!
Don't miss all the fun, excitement, and thrills! The PubTrivia quiz night has been proven to transform once-slow nights into some of the busiest nights of the week which will increase your sales and traffic.
You can order quiz packs easy as ABC. Just visit our webshop by clicking here, choose a quiz pack of your choice, pay and download it instantly!
Remember, for a small fee per quiz pack you can get all you need to host our trivia challenge!


text:
Business Office
The Business Office is responsible for all monetary transactions at the college and is located in the Main Building across from Student Services.
Contacting the Business Office:
- Phone: 740-568-1905 OR Fax: 740-374-2660
|Financial Aid/Scholarships
|ext. 1402
|Student Account Information
|ext. 1307
|Accounts Payable
|ext. 1306
|Payroll & Benefits
|ext. 1111
|Agency Billing/Acc. Receivable
|ext. 1301
|General Ledger/Budgeting
|ext. 1305
|ext. 1301
Summer and Fall Semester Payment Schedule
Deferred Payment Arrangements, Financial Aid, and/or Full Payment must be in place or your schedule will be de-activated and charged a $40 re-registration fee.
Summer 2017
|1st Payment
|May 26, 2017
|2nd Payment
|June 23, 2017
Fall 2017
|1st Payment
|August 4, 2017
|2nd Payment
|September 1, 2017
|3rd Payment
|September 29, 2017
|Final Payment
|October 27, 2017
Fall 2017 - Module 1
|1st Payment
|August 4, 2017
|2nd Payment
|September 1, 2017
Fall 2017 - Module 2
|1st Payment
|September 29, 2017
|2nd Payment
|October 27, 2017
If a student registers after the first payment date they need to make their payment by Friday of the week that they register. If they register after the start of the term then they need to pay the same day they register. There is a $25 Payment Plan Fee added to the first payment and is non-refundable. There will be a late fee of $25 assessed, if payment is not made on time.
You can make your payment through MyWSCC or at the Business Office.
Parking permits are no longer required. All students must park in the upper parking lot (by Library and CB&T). Parking tickets must be paid at the Business Office.
Click here for a full list of Parking Regulations.
Financial Aid Refunds for 2017 Summer and Fall Semester
The Financial Aid posting date for Summer Semester is July 5, 2017.
The Financial Aid posting dates for Fall Semester are September 19, 2017 and November 2, 2017.
Check your Guaranteed Loan Report for your disbursement date to the college. The college has 14 days from that point to send out refunds to the students. We are unable to give out information on when your refund will be sent, exact date when you will receive it in the mail, or how much the refund will be.
Refunds are direct deposited or checks available mailed to the address on file. Checks are not to be picked up.
We are unable to give out refund amounts over the phone.
Click here for the Fee Payment Schedule.
Direct Deposits
Direct deposit your Pell Grant or student loan overage check!
To sign up click "Bank Information" on WebAdvisor.
Complete "Bank Information" on WebAdvisor.