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I don't even know where to start with this. My 7 year old has intermittent severe tooth pain in one of his lower side teeth (about half way back). He had a filling in the tooth and complained of pain right away after the filling was done. We took him in for a follow up and the dentist said everything looked fine. Pain continued, usually when he would eat or drink. We figured it was just because the filling was new and there was residual sensitivity. Tylenol. Oragel. Pain. He pulled out the filling while flossing one night. Filling was replaced, dentist said everything looked fine and the pain continued. We had a root canal done on the tooth. He still says it hurts. He crys because it hurts so badly. Sometimes I can distract him. Sometimes I can't. Took him in this morning and again she says everything looks fine other than his gums where he flossed around it last night thinking that he had food caught in between the two teeth. This is the same pediatric dentist my kids have seen for 13 years. The 7 year old has had many fillings and has never had this issue with any prior filling. Am I missing something? I am out of ideas and at the height of frustration. Help. Did I mention my husband has cancer and our new dental insurance wont cover a pediatric dentist after age 6 so we had to pay out of pocket today? Oh yea. That. It's been a greeeeaaaat day :-)
Why don't you look for another dentist and take him for a second opinion? And if your insurance doesn't cover a ped dentist anymore, take them to a family dentist.
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This 'Chantenay' type makes an ideal choice for growing in containers or on heavy soils due to short, stocky roots. 'Chantenay' hybrids are renowned for their taste, and with its sweet, crunchy flavour, Carrot 'Carson' is no exception. This RHS AGM variety has a maincrop maturity that bulks up well to give good weight roots that will store well for autumn and winter use. Height: 30cm (12"). Spread: 15cm (6").
Companion planting: Try growing carrots with spring onions, leeks and mint, whose aromatic leaves deter carrot root fly.
Useful links:
How to grow carrots Companion Planting
Direct sow carrot seeds outdoors from March to July. Early varieties may also be sown from February to March in greenhouse borders or under cloches. Specific autumn sowing carrot varieties can be sown as late as October under cloches for an early crop in spring. Grow Carrots in a weed free, sunny position in fertile, light, well drained soil. Carrots dislike freshly manured soils so seed beds are best prepared in autumn, well in advance of spring sowings.
Sow carrot seeds thinly at a depth of 1cm (½in) in drills 30cm (12") apart. Germination will take 10 to 20 days. When large enough to handle, thin out the seedlings within each row to 10cm (4in) apart. Where space is limited, growing carrots in containers will also produce a worthwhile crop.
Water well to encourage germination. Once germinated, carrots should be watered only when necessary to keep the soil moist as excessive water may encourage leaf growth instead of roots. During growth, the carrot roots may be earthed up to prevent green crowns developing.
Cover later carrot sowings with fleece or fine netting, and remove all thinnings from the site to minimise carrot fly infestation. Carrots can be harvested from July to December depending on their sowing date. Early varieties may be lifted when required from 9 weeks onwards, while maincrops can be harvested after 11 weeks from their sowing date. Pull a single carrot first to assess the size of the roots. If the soil is dry, lifting carrots can be made easier by watering beforehand. Roots can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to 4 months.
Seeds and garden supplies will normally be delivered within the time period stated against each product as detailed above. Plants, bulbs, corms, tubers, shrubs, trees, potatoes etc are delivered at the appropriate time for planting and will be stated on the product page or in your order acknowledgement page and email.
Orders for packets of seed incur a P&P charge of £1.95.
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Please see our Delivery / P&P page for further details and details of any surcharges that may apply to certain destinations.
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Welcome to Buy Cheap Apple
Where you buy your Apple gear can largely determine how much you pay for it. You may find that some stores offer steeper discounts than others, and if you shop around for your Apple devices, you won't have to resort to the low-hanging fruit to save money.
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Is it okay to do a 25% TCA peel on some areas of the face but not the whole face? I want to try it at home. What would you recommend? I want to do a Chemical peel to get rid of some acne marks and make my bumpy skin absolutely smooth.
I am light skinned and 32 yrs old. I have been using obagi nuderm. I've been on obagi clenziderm for a month. I am a medical student and do not get time to go to places to get these treatments done. I would prefer doing it at home. I'm open to as many suggestion as you can give. Thanks.


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Recipe: Marc's Buffalo Wings
Updated 1:26 pm, Friday, September 27, 2013
Makes 50 servings
1 stick (1/2 cup) melted butter
1 1/2 cups Frank's Hot Sauce, or to taste
1/4 cup ketchup or to taste
48 ounces cooking oil
50 raw chicken wings/drumettes
Ranch or blue cheese dressing, for serving
Instructions: Mix butter, hot sauce and ketchup in a bowl. Heat oil in deep fryer to 400 degrees. Add chicken wings/drumettes (in batches, if needed) and fry until done and meat is cooked through.
Remove fried wings/drumettes and immediately place in sauce mixture, coating each wing. Serve with ranch or blue cheese dressing.
Per serving (without cooking oil): 130 calories (69.3 percent calories from fat), 10 g fat, 45 mg cholesterol, 290 mg sodium, 1 g carbohydrates, 0 g dietary fiber, 9 g protein.
Food & Drink Channel
Per tablespoon of oil, used for frying: 120 calories (100 percent calories from fat), 14 g fat, 0 mg cholesterol, 0 mg sodium, 0 g carbohydrates, 0 g dietary fiber, 0 g protein.
From Marc and Jennifer Barrera


text: As one of the returning participants to the Vans 3 Feet High collection which features DQM and HUF, KICKS/HI are planning to blow things up with a special release party on Thursday, June 25th, 2009. The event taking place at the thirtyninehotel will feature music by the Nocturnal Sound Krew and SuperHandsomeSound with the headliner brought on by J-ROCC. In addition to the showcasing of KICKS/HI's Half Cab, the other two versions by DQM and HUF will also be on hand. To get on the guestlist, send an email to email@example.com with your first/last name by Wednesday, June 24th. Make sure to arrive early to guarantee a spot.


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| This talk page is for discussing the Moonbeam article.
This includes commenting on the article, questioning whether it is correct, or adding suggestions for improvements
Questions about GTA games, not about the wiki page itself, should be asked at Community:Questions.Remember to always add your signature to the end of your comments/replies using four tildes:
What's the "door ajar bong" in the Trivia section talking about? Samadriel 03:23, 19 August 2009 (UTC)
- It's the sound made from inside a car when you leave the door open. Apparently you won't be able to hear it clearly in the game if you have the radio on and parked in a noisy area. GTA4's Washington seems to have this feature, but I haven't verify that of the Moonbeam yet. - ZS 13:24, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
- Just confirmed it's there. - ZS 18:25, 23 August 2009 (UTC)


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01967747, Screw
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Team notes
American League Central
Chicago White Sox
A look at the schedule for the next six weeks is one of
the reasons manager Jerry Manuel is feeling very optimistic.
Minnesota, which has been leading the division most of
the season, has spent seven weeks feasting on the likes of Kansas City, Tampa
Bay and Detroit. They've already played the Royals 11 times, the Devil Rays
seven times and the Tigers 10 times.
The White Sox, meanwhile, have already been to the West
Coast for three trips, playing the Angels, Oakland and Seattle. Now they're
in a stretch in which they have 16 of 19 games at Comiskey Park.
The Sox won't play Minnesota until June 24, when they have
a four-game series in the Metrodome.
Last year, the Twins manhandled the Sox, winning 14 of
the 19 meetings. Some of the Sox players contended the team didn't get up for
games with Minnesota like they did with Cleveland. That shouldn't be a problem
this season.
"We all know what (the Twins) did to us last year," Sox
third baseman Jose Valentin said. "We take that personally. If we would
have played them better we may have won the division. When we face them we'll
be ready for war."
He had been pitching in extended spring training at Lakeland,
Fla. Simas worked out for the Sox at Comiskey Park on May 24. General manager
Ken Williams said the team probably will offer him a minor league contract.
Thomas has always switched back to first base during
interleague play, but that may change this year. Manuel isn't sure how he'll
use Thomas, especially with first baseman Paul Konerko hitting so well.
"That will depend on the (pitching) matchups," Manuel said.
Cleveland Indians
General manager Mark Shapiro and his staff will
be facing hard questions in the coming weeks, regarding whether or not they
believe the Indians can contend for another division title.
Because of the consistent lack of hitting for most of the
season, it seems that Shapiro may begin the rebuilding process. That could signal
the trading of any and all veterans.
Bartolo Colon, Jim Thome, Omar Vizquel,
Travis Fryman, Ellis Burks, Chuck Finley and Bob Wickman
are some of the players for whom Shapiro would listen to offers.
Thome and Vizquel have no-trade clauses that could complicate
things. Thome is also a free agent after this season, so it's not likely the
Indians would get fair market value for him.
Colon, 29, will be the Indians' biggest bargaining chip.
He can't become a free agent until after next season. The Indians would want
a major package of players for Colon, starting with a major league-ready run
producer, preferably a corner outfielder or infielder.
The only untouchables on the major league roster appear
to be young pitchers C.C. Sabathia, Danys Baez and Ryan Drese.
Lawton, who started the season at the top of the order
but was moved out of the leadoff spot May 2, was returned to the leadoff spot
May 24. Vizquel, who had hit leadoff in place of Lawton, was moved back to
his more natural No. 2 spot in the order.
The Indians were 7-12 with Vizquel leading off, getting
shut out three times and averaging 3.2 runs per game.
On the surface it looks like the lineup change involves
only Vizquel and Lawton. In fact, it's probably more an indication of Manuel's
desire to move second baseman Ricky Gutierrez further down in the lineup.
When Vizquel leads off, Gutierrez bats second, but Gutierrez's
on-base percentage was a dismal .299 entering Monday. Manuel's new lineup
has Gutierrez batting sixth.
Detroit Tigers
The wounded begin returning to the lineup this week.
Catcher Brandon Inge was expected to be activated
Monday, with rookie Mike Rivera expected to be sent down to Triple-A
Toledo to catch every day.
Second baseman Damion Easley (pulled muscle
left side) should be activated by week's end. Setup man Danny Patterson
(elbow) is with Easley on rehabilitation assignment at Toledo and could be a
few days longer in rejoining the Tigers.
Detroit will have to cut a player when Easley is activated,
perhaps reliever Kris Keller.
"If you four-hit the White Sox, that's something else,"
said right fielder Robert Fick. "But Adam can pitch like that. I've
seen him do it."
Bernero, who got help from split-finger master Jack Morris
during spring training, threw 104 pitches and struck out three in his debut
"I think he thought he was farther along than we thought
he was," said Greg Smith, Detroit's director of scouting and player development.
Kansas City Royals
The 2000 Royals set team records when they hit .288 and
scored 879 runs.
Two years later, the offense ranks near the bottom of the
American League with a .241 average, a .367 slugging percentage and a .312 on-base
percentage. The team's 32 home runs ranked last in the majors through the weekend.
The Royals were hitting .248 with runners in scoring position,
including a paltry .183 with two outs after 46 games.
"Can we wait for the long ball? No," manager Tony Pena
Mike Sweeney and Joe Randa were the only
regulars with an average higher than .263 after 47 games.
"I don't think it's a disappointment," general manager
Allard Baird said. "I think it's just a matter of guys pressing with
runners in scoring position. It's not out of lack of effort, lack of desire
or lack of ability. I'm still optimistic that we'll get (on track) here."
The pitching staff had a 3.29 ERA since May 5, but only
a 9-9 record in that stretch.
"We've had pretty good pitching (recently)," Baird said.
Of the 15 pitchers in major league history with 300 saves,
Hernandez is the first born outside out of the USA.
"I'm just happy to get it over on my first try," said
Hernandez, 6-for-6 in save situations this year. "Being the first Latin to
do it means something. It's special just to have that many opportunities.
I thought I'd never be up here and I've been here for 11 years."
Hernandez joins Rick Aguilera and Doug Jones as the only
players with 300 saves that have not won a regular season Rolaids Relief Man
Minnesota Twins
Corey Koskie is back. Brad Radke is expected to
return this weekend. Luis Rivas? There's a light at the end of the tunnel.
The Twins have not had their full lineup together since
April 3, when Rivas suffered a hairline fracture near his left wrist. Since
then, a handful of Twins have gone down, including Koskie (pulled hamstring),
Joe Mays (sore right elbow) and Radke (pulled right groin). Other players,
like Cristian Guzman (sore right knee) and Doug Mientkiewicz (sore
left wrist) have also missed games.
Late last week, manager Ron Gardenhire happily filled
out a lineup card with Jacque Jones leading off, followed by Guzman,
Mientkiewicz, David Ortiz, Torii Hunter and Koskie.
"It makes it a lot easier to write the first six guys,"
Gardenhire said. "And I feel comfortable with those other guys too. We're getting
Radke is eligible to come off the disabled list May 29,
but will likely be pushed back until the weekend series against the Angels.
Rivas, who's playing in extended spring training games in Fort Myers, Fla.,
could soon start a minor league rehab assignment. Mays is earmarked to be at
full throttle in a month.
But the emergence of Dustan Mohr couldn't be ignored
and now the rookie, who was once released by Cleveland, will get a chance
to play every day. It was tough for the Twins to make the move, considering
how hard Buchanan has worked.
Milton is of the opinion that he can throw more pitches
and last longer in games. He understands his manager's wishes, but also relishes
the opportunity to show he can be the workhorse.
"The manager wants to protect the young arms and you
can't argue with that," Milton said. "But in August and September, I hope
to get a chance to go out and prove myself."
"It's a personal thing," Gardenhire said. "I know pitchers
don't like to hear that, but I believe in it. When they get around the 100-pitch
limit, things start to happen"
Newman has been worried about teams watching him more closely
than others, hoping to take advantage of him being a first-year third base coach.
"I think some have even had a camera on me," Newman said.


text:
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text:
Don't Miss the Instrument Petting Zoo This Saturday (May 3, 2014)
Did you know that studies have shown that learning to play a musical instrument increases a child's memory, mathematical, and reading comprehension skills?
Bring your child to our Instrument Petting Zoo this Saturday from 2:00 - 3:00 p.m. and the family can have fun trying out various instruments from drums to strings. Perhaps your child will find the instrument he wants to learn!
Registration is not required for this event so just drop by.
YS Reviewers:


text:
Read and listen to our news on your iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch.
Business Web Hosting
The celebrated geologist Herbert Henry Thomas first proposed in 1923 that the rocks which form the giant inner ring of the Stonehenge monument - so-called bluestones - were specifically quarried in the Preseli Hills in south-west Wales by Neolithic man, and pinpointed the tor on Carn Meini as the likely source.
The bluestones at Stonehenge were placed there during the third phase of its construction around 2300 BCE, and it is assumed that there were about 80 of them originally, but only 43 remain. Each bluestone weigh between 2 and 4 tons.
National Museum of Wales keeper of natural sciences Doctor Richard Bevins and his colleagues have now compared samples of rock and debris from Stonehenge with data from the Preseli site and categorically concluded the spotted dolerites in fact came from Carn Goedog, almost a mile away from the previously known source.
As the name suggests, the spotted dolerites have highly distinctive markings created by the elements contained within, cooling at different rates in the minutes after they were spewed out of an underwater volcano 450 million years ago.
In 2011, Doctor Bevins's team located the source of another of Stonehenge's Pembrokeshire Bluestones - the rhyolites - 3 kilometres away from the spotted dolerites at Craig Rhos y Felin. "We've located two of the sources, and there's another five or possibly six to go." Bevins hopes their findings will influence the question of how the bluestones were transported 300 kilometres to Salisbury Plain, and believes a definitive answer will come eventually.
Edited from BBC News (19 November 2013), The Guardian (20 November 2013)
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text:
So you have to ask, how in the world did he allow himself to get into such a money mess?
such an action would have been inconceivable even eighteen months ago.
Many have pointed out since that such tactics were designed to mask his guilt.
Few of us would argue that such thoughts render someone a moral degenerate—or even as grievously ignorant.
He could surely have attempted an agreement after such a dramatic step, preferred to "throw the keys over the fence."
such an Act is not a legislative phenomenon but a psychopathic one.
And yet the fate of all extremes is such, Men may be read as well as books, too much.
There is such an uneasiness in Paris, that we have actually a run of confidence upon us!
Why shouldn't I curse a God who could serve me such a trick?
With no such friends or home, poor Hartley became a cast-away.
Old English swylc, swilc from a Proto-Germanic compound *swalikaz "so formed" (cf. Old Saxon sulik, Old Norse slikr, Old Frisian selik, Middle Dutch selc, Dutch zulk, Old High German sulih, German solch, Gothic swaleiks), from swa "so" (see so) + *likan "form," source of Old English gelic "similar" (see like). Colloquial suchlike (early 15c.) is pleonastic.


text:
"I think we set the foundation for Auburn basketball," Barber told Inside the Auburn Tigers on Monday night after being named Most Valuable Player for the 2008-2009 season. "Next year if the guys stay focused and stay together, they will be alright. Maybe they will do even better things than we did this season."
Barber, Quantez Robertson and Rasheem Barrett were honored along with senior walk-on Drew Smith as more than 300 fans attended a sendoff for the Tigers by the Auburn Tipoff Club at the Auburn University Hotel and Conference Center.
Barber won five other awards in addition to the Most Valuable Player trophy. "I don't think it was just me who deserved MVP," he said. "I think all of the seniors did. We put in a lot of hard work to have such a good season."
The senior forward just returned to Auburn after attending the NBA Tryout Camp in Portsmouth, Va. "The first game I played pretty well, but the last two I didn't do so well and I pulled my groin the last two games," he said.
"All of the scouts were there and saw me and I have been invited to go out to Los Angeles on Thursday to work out (for pro scouts) there," he added.
Lebo had high praise for the seniors. "I have got a lot of respect for those guys taking a chance on us as coaches and this basketball program," said Lebo, noting he considers this season's seniors his first full recruiting class at Auburn.
"It really wasn't fashionable at that time to come to Auburn," Lebo said. "It was a hard time and we were going through a lot of different things.
Barber shared the Outstanding Offensive Player Award with Barrett and juniors DeWayne Reed and Tay Waller. For the third straight year, Robertson was named the team's defensive MVP and he won the Paul Lambert Leadership Award.
Rasheem Barrett gets a hug at Monday night's ceremony in Auburn.
Smith received the Academic Achievement Award to go with his Brad Davis SEC Community Service Post-Graduate Scholarship that will help cover his expenses for medical school.
Quantez Robertson talks to fans on Monday night at the Auburn Tipoff Club's awards ceremony.
To replace this year's senior class, Lebo has four signees coming in plus a pair of transfers who will be eligible after redshirting this season.
Lebo says that he is expecting 6-7 forward Kenny Gabriel from Charlotte, N.C., to be an immediate contributor after spending the past season as a freshman at Paris, Tex., Junior College. "He has got to get stronger, but he is certainly very, very talented," Lebo said.
Lebo said that 6-5 guard/forward Earnest Ross from Panther Creek High in Cary, N.C., and 6-5 guard Andre Malone from South Atlanta High are good shooters who should be physically ready to play in the SEC. The Tigers have also signed 6-10 post player Robert Chubb from Peachtree City, Ga., who played his senior season at Montverde Academy in Orlando, Fla., and played well against strong competition.
The spring signing period starts on Wednesday. Auburn may add one more prospect in the spring period, but that is not certain, Lebo said. The Tigers are in the mix with 6-8 forward Wendell Lewis from Selma High School, who is also considering Mississippi State and Western Kentucky.
"I feel we have a good nucleus of kids coming back, a very good recruiting class and an expectation level now that is higher and that is always good," Lebo said.
Tony Neysmith, a 6-5, 205-pound point guard who transferred to Auburn from Oklahoma last season, will be a redshirt sophomore next season. "He is not a great outside shooter, but can defend a lot of positions. He is probably kind of similar to Tez (Robertson)--a defensive guy with a little bit bigger body than Tez."
Brandon McGee, a 6-7, 220 forward from Chicago, transferred to Auburn last year from Indiana University and will be a redshirt sophomore. He can play both small forward the power forward. "He is probably a little better at the four (power forward)--kind of a face-up four who can shoot a little bit and bring some athleticism to the game."
Drew Smith won the academic achievement award and will graduate with close to a perfect grade point average while spending four seasons as a walk-on.
Lebo noted that he agreed with Barber that the 2008-2009 team set a foundation for more success.
"We saw character out there, we saw incredible toughness, we saw the ability to come from behind and we saw guys who gave everything that they had every single night," Lebo said. "We saw a team that grew as the season went along and we saw a team that got confident, and you could see how confidence plays such a big part in the game of basketball."


text:
Transformers: DVD vs. HD-DVD
Transformers the movie. The tale of the struggle between the valiant Autobots led by Optimus Prime and the treacherous Decepticons led by Megatron … but you already knew this. The story of the Autobots and Decepticons is now well know with Michael Bay's interpretation of the struggle, an interpretation that pay homage to the original 80's cartoon series and the animated movie from 1985. As a life long Transformers fan who remembers sitting in the theater and watching the epic struggle as Optimus and Megatron clashed and having read and owned the entire 80 issue US comic series I was the biggest skeptic for the new movie, and the character design. My fears were unfounded as the movie I soaked in on July 3rd was every bit as magical as the original series, thanks in large part to Peter Cullen voicing Optimus. I could not wait till the day I could take home this movie and put it up on a nice HDTV, to see the struggle renewed anew in the comfort of my home. That day has passed with the release of Transformers not only on DVD but also HD-DVD. Which ones the best, well that's what I'm about to spout off on.
First up is the regular edition DVD I picked up at Wal-mart. The movie itself is region 1, anamorphic widescreen with the usual audio trimmings, Dolby Digital 5.1 surround with English, French and Spanish options and subtitles in the same languages. The movie itself left me wanting more, even in HD. It looked good, just not great. It was a DVD on an HDTV, and it was very apparent. I was also very bummed that there were no special features, no trailers nada. I get this is a basic DVD, but you gotta give the fans something, not everyone can do HD-DVD. Now there may be no extras on the main DVD there is a bonus disc, "Transformers Beginnings." This 19 minute feature is a live action comic. It's narrated by Peter Cullen and tells the prequel story as seen in IDW Publishing's comic adaptation of the movie. This extra is very nice, and makes the bare-bones DVD it's packaged with well worth the purchase. HD or not, the secondary DVD is good, the comic it's pulled form even better. Overall I was pleased with my purchase. The main movie I'll watch over and over, the secondary DVD, while great, I only needed to see once.
Second to the plate, the 2-disc HD-DVD. Now this, this is a good looking movie. While I got goose-bumps watching the regular DVD on an HDTV the HD-DVD really froze me with excitement. See, until I watched this movie in HD I never really grasped what it was all about. The picture clarity, the sharp details, the sound, everything is so much better. Back in July when I started thinking ahead to watching this movie in HD, this is how I dreamed it would be. Yes, it's that good. This is to be expected when comparing the HD experience versus what we're used too. In addition to the higher quality there are the bonuses we've come to expect from a blockbuster film like Transformers. First up, the audio commentary from Michael Bay, best absorbed in small doses as it gets very annoying watching a movie with some talking. I suggest checking out the scenes you want more info on. This is just the tip of the burg as viewers are treated to nine more features. These are cleverly divided up into 'Our World,' 'Their War' and 'More than Meets the Eye.' In a nutshell, get inside both Spielberg and Bay's head; learn about the making of the movie, toy influence, Chevy's involvement and a close-up look at the Skorponok attack. Lot of features, all good stuff.
So where does that leave us? Go get an HD-DVD player. The entire HD package is well worth the purchase, especially when you add in all the bonus content. The movie looks great, sounds great and with all the features leaves any Transformers fan feeling fat and happy. If you do not have an HDTV get the regular DVD. You'll get the same movie experience and while you won't get all the bonus features the beginnings DVD is nice. It's sad to see that the regular DVD is so bare, but I guess that's where we're going in the new age of HD. I love Transformers, and just had to share these thoughts with you as I was able to experience the best of both worlds and share it with you.


text:
We all know now that the Instagram/Pinterest/Netflix outage last night and this morning was caused by a power outage at an Amazon Web Services facility in Virginia. Now it seems that LinkedIn and StumbleUpon are down and have been for a bit of time. I haven't seen much of an explanation as to why.
This hasn't been a very good month for LinkedIn. First they have a major password hack, then Twitter cuts them off and now their site is down. I'll bet they can wait to close the books on June.
Four major social networks go down on Social Media Day. Now what are the odds of that?


text:
EVERYTHING is jazz:
snails, jails, rails, tails, males, females,
snow-white cotton bales.
Knee-bone, thigh, hip-bone.
Jazz slips you percussion bone
classified "unknown."
Slick lizard rhythms,
cigar-smoke tunes, straight-gin sky
laced with double moons.
Second-chance rhythms,
don't-give-up riffs: jazz gets HIGH
off can'ts, buts, and ifs.
Poet: James A. Emanuel
Poem: Jazzanatomy
Volume: Jazz From the Haiku King
Year: Published/Written in 1999
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text: The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used for network management. It was discovered that the snmpd daemon did not use TCP wrappers correctly, causing network hosts access restrictions defined in "/etc/hosts.allow" and "/etc/hosts.deny" to not be honored. A remote attacker could use this flaw to bypass intended access restrictions. Updated packages are available from updates.redhat.com.


text:
MERCED - The University of California, Merced, prides itself on
the intimacy of its campus community. With more than 3,400 enrolled
students, just about every face on campus is a familiar one. That
sense of community is important for a number of reasons. It fosters
a collaborative working/learning environment, it increases student
engagement, and it also contributes to campus safety.
A recent grant from the U.S. Department of Justice will enable
UC Merced Police
Departmentto launch programs to maintain the safe campus
environment it has helped to cultivate since the university opened
in 2005. The $299,756 grant provides funding for the department to
create and strengthen preventive, healing and criminal justice
procedures that address violence against women.
According to Rita Spaur, chief of the UC Merced Police
Department, the grant will also fund programs that allow survivors
to report and seek services related to current or past sexual
assault, domestic violence and stalking. The most recent campus
crime statistics show that one sexual assault took place on campus
in 2008. The last sexual assault to occur on campus was in 2006.
"The goal is to implement a comprehensive, multi-phased
collaborative program that reaches out to and educates the campus
community on issues of violence against women, and supports
survivors," she said. "Even one assault in our community is too many."
The program will fulfill grant requirements that include
prevention and education programs targeted at dating and domestic
violence, sexual assault and stalking. In addition to preventive
programs, such as self-defense classes, the program will also
address issues related to bystander behavior and peer response.
Aside from helping the campus community maintain its existing
level of safety, Spaur said the three-year grant gives the
university the tools necessary to serve the university population
as it grows.
Nearly half of students enrolled and more than 300 members of
the faculty and staff are women. Projections estimate an influx of
650 to 750 new students each year until UC Merced reaches its
capacity of 25,000.
"Our department has jurisdiction in the state with emphasis over
UC Merced-owned or leased properties and the surrounding square
mile," Spaur said. "Maintaining the safety and security as the
campus community grows is a primary focus for our department. This
grant will help us establish a culture of zero tolerance for
violence against women that will sustain as UC Merced grows to
capacity. "
The UC Merced Police Department will continue to work with
campus departments, and local nonprofit, law enforcement and
criminal justice agencies to develop a coordinated community
response that encompasses
servicesfor survivors and criminal prosecution.
"The program will build upon the rich experience of community
partners to effectively empower women of the UC Merced community,"
Spaur said. "It will also support other campus and community services."
The UC Merced Police Department currently offers a
citizen's academythat examines all aspects of law enforcement
and a R.A.D.
self-defenseclass for women. Both the academy and self-defense
class are offered throughout the year.
Resources for women on campus who are survivors of dating and
domestic violence, sexual assault, and/or stalking in the past or
present are offered through
Counseling and Psychological Services.
"Ensuring the safety of our campus community is a collaborative
effort," said Fuji Collins, assistant vice chancellor for student
health and wellness. "This grant will give our police department
and campus the resources necessary to keep students, faculty and
staff safe here."
For information regarding the citizen's academy, contact
George Gongora. For the
self-defense classes, contact
Josie Salcido.
Tonya Luiz
UC Merced Office of


text:
COLDSORE! how do i bring back rid in need cream briskly?
i have acicloviar cream but it takes ages!
Cream would help but my suggestion is to leave it alone! Dont keep messing itbecause you will cause it to obtain bigger!
It really wont run for at least a week. However, that cream really does speed the entire process up. You can spray aftershave on it to dry it out, apart from that theres really not a lot that you can do.
I have the exact same problem! Mine run away really quick though! And its worth going to the doctors. Its called Zovirax. Its amazing, It will take a while though, if you already own a big bump on your lip, that is already scabbing, or just a huge lump. If it is starting to form, dont touch it, or scratch it, It will kind it ten times worse! You have to pile the cream on, so much though ! Every like 1 hour, or something. hopefully you have coverage though, because but for then its like 45 dollars a little tube. If you hold coverage go to the doctors and ask for it. He will give you a perscription. Its worth it though. I swear! Source(s): I have it ..
Related Questions:


text:
DES "Green Your Fleet!" Workshop to be held Friday, June 1, 2012 in Nashua
Concord, NH – The Granite State Clean Cities Coalition, a program administered by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, will hold its "Green Your Fleet!" workshop on Friday, June 1 at the Nashua Community College, 505 Amherst Street in Nashua. Back by popular demand, this event provides fleet managers from around the Northeast with an informative overview of alternative fuels, advanced vehicle technology, and fuel economy strategies.
The workshop will feature panel discussions on the benefits of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and natural gas as a transportation fuel, as well as exhibits of alternative and advanced technology vehicles.
Lucille Jordan, President of Nashua Community College, will offer welcoming remarks, and Stephen Normandin of Braun's Express will provide the keynote address on his fleet's petroleum reduction initiatives. The afternoon session offers attendees the opportunity to choose among ten breakout sessions on topics such as adding propane vehicles to your fleet, training your mechanics to work on alternative fuel vehicles, biodiesel, ethanol, fleet management software, and on-board idle reduction.
The Granite State Clean Cities Coalition (GSCCC) is hosting this event in partnership with the Nashua Community College. GSCCC consists of over 100 stakeholders who support the goals of reducing dependence on foreign oil through the use of domestically produced, cleaner burning alternative fuels and technologies, and other fuel reduction strategies.
Exhibits and vehicles will be on display in and around the Health, Science and Humanities building. The workshop is free and lunch is provided but attendees must pre-register.
|Workshop Details:
|Friday, June 1, 2012
|8:30 am to 3:40 pm
|Nashua Community College, 505 Amherst St., Nashua, NH
|Register at:
For more information or to register, contact Dolores Rebolledo, DES GSCCC Coordinator, at (603) 271-6751.
# # #


text:
Salford Sacred Trinity, Lancashire Genealogy
England Lancashire Lancashire Parishes
Chapelry History
Sacred Trinity Salford, an ancient chapel and one of seve[ral] chapelries in Salford Township, and lying within the civil parish of Manchester [which also see] was created by 1635.
"SALFORD, a town, a township, [ten] chapelries, a district, and a hundred, in Lancashire. The town stands on the W side of the river Irwell, on the Bolton and Bury canal, and on the Northwestern, the Lancashireand Yorkshire, the East Lancashire, and the South Junction railways, contiguous to Manchester; is separated from that city only by the river Irwell, and communicates with it by numerous bridges; was politically superior to it in the 9th century; became afterwards suburban to it; is now, in participation of its trade, and for all other practical purposes, an integral part of it; presents a near resemblance to it in streets and edifices; contains several public buildings and a great public park, which belong fully more to Manchester than to itself; has railway stations and numerous institutions of its own, and a post-office, ‡ several receiving post-offices, and several postal pillar-boxes under Manchester; publishes a weeklynewspaper; and is a parliamentary and municipal borough and a seat of petty sessions, quarter sessions, county courts, and a court of record. The town hall was built in 1825, at a cost of £10,000; was enlarged, by the addition of a wing 204 feet long and 33 feet wide, in 1862; is a brick edifice, with stone façade, and with Roman Doric decorations; and contains an ornate council-chamber. The infantry barracks, in Regent-road, have accommodation for a commanding officer, 3 field officers, 30 other officers, and 978 men. The workhouse stands in Eccles New-road; is a conspicuous edifice of brick and stone, in the modern Gothic style; and has accommodation for more than 300 inmates. Other public buildings, the churches, the public park, and the public cemetery are noticed in our article on Manchester. The royal hospital and dispensary in Bank-parade, the ragged school in Broughton-road, and the Wesleyan schools built in 1865 in Regent-road are among the public institutions; and there are endowed charities to the amount of £1,822 a year. The borough was formed for parliamentary representation in 1832, for municipal government in 1844; sends one member to parliament; and is governed by a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 48 councillors. The police force, in 1864, comprised 108 men, at an annual cost of £7,568. The crimes committed, in 1864, were 911; the persons apprehended, 200; the depredators and suspected persons at large, 411; the houses of bad character, 132. The fire brigade comprises 33 men, with 5 engines; and is maintained at an annual cost of £350. Gas is supplied from works belonging to the corporation, and rebuilt in 1835; and water is supplied from the Manchester water-works at Woodhead. The maintaining of the high-ways is vested in the town council, and costs about £5,000 a year. Improvements in sewering and paving were made, within Salford township, in 1844-54, at a cost of £63,637. The corporation revenue amounts to nearly £60,000. The borough boundaries are the same municipally as parliamentarily; and include all Salford, Pendleton, and Broughton townships, and part of Pendlebury. Amount of property and income tax charged in 1863, £27,220. Electors in 1833, 1,497; in 1863, 5,137. Pop. in 1861, 102,449. Houses, 19,128. The township comprises 1,220 acres. Real property, £199,407. Pop. in 1851, 63,423; in 1861, 71,002. Houses, 13,303. The manor was constituted about 1085, and belongs now to the Queen. The seven chapelries are not far from being aggregately conterminate with the township; are all in Manchester parish; were constituted in years from 1828 to 1858; and are called St. Bartholomew [1841], St. Barnabas [1844], Christchurch [1831], St Jude 1844], St. Matthias [1842], St. Philip [1826] , St. Simon [1846], St. Stephen [1794], St Thomas Salford (Pendleton) [1776], and Trinity [1635]. The livings are all rectories in the diocese of Manchester. Value of St. B., £300; *of C., £666; of St. M., £290; of St. P., St. Simon, and St. Stephen, each £300; of Trinity, £1, 296. Patrons of St. B., C., and St. M., Trustees; of St. P. and St. Stephen, the Dean and Chapter of Manchester; of St. Simon, alternately the Crown and the Bishop; of T., Sir R. G. Booth. The district is divided into the sub-districts of Regent-Road and Greengate, jointly conterminate with Salford township; the sub-district of Broughton, conterminate with Broughton township; and the sub-district of Pendleton, comprising the townships of Pendleton and Pendlebury. Acres, 4, 830. Poor rates in 1863, £53,933. Pop. in 1851, 87,523; in 1861, 105,335. Houses, 19,670. Marriages in 1863, 646; births, 4,187, of which 273 were illegitimate; deaths, 2,859, of which 1,484 were at ages under 5 years, and 27 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 3,982; births, 36,974; deaths, 25,076. The places of worship, in 1851, were 13 of the Church of England, with 10,786 sittings; 1 of the Church of Scotland, with 800 s.; 6 of Independents, with 4,712 s.; 2 of Baptists, with 500 s.; 1 of Unitarians, with 110 s.; 7 of Wesleyans, with 6,085 s.; 1 of New Connexion Methodists, with225 s.; 2 of Primitive Methodists, with 1,004 s.; 3 of the Wesleyan Association, with 1, 126 s.; 1 of Welsh Calvinistic Methodists, with 500 s.; 1 of the New Church, with 450 s.; 1 of Roman Catholics, with 1,030 s; and 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 70 s. The schools were 25public day-schools, with 4,718 scholars; 87 private day-schools, with 2,805 s.; 40 Sunday schools, with 13,264 s[ittings]; and 12 evening schools for adults, with 145 s. The hundred excludes Salford borough and Manchester city; and extends on the N to Blackburn hundred, on the Eto Yorkshire, on the S to Cheshire, on the W to Leylandand West Derby hundreds. Acres, 204, 836. Pop. in 1851, 412, 234; in 1861, 435, 423. Houses, 85, 368."
John Marius Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870)
Civil Registration
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day. The civil registration article tells more about these records. There are several Internet sites with name lists or indexes. A popular site is FreeBMD.
Church records
Include here information for parish registers, Bishop's Transcripts and other types of church records, such as parish chest records. Add the contact information for the office holding the original records. Add links to the Family History Library Catalog showing the film numbers in their collection
Census records
Include an overview if there is any unique information, such as the census for X year was destroyed. Add a link to online sites for indexes and/or images. Also add a link to the Family History Library Catalog showing the film numbers in their collection.
Probate records
Records of wills, administrations, inventories, indexes, etc. were filed by the court with jurisdiction over this parish. Go to Lancashire Probate Records to find the name of the court having primary jurisdiction. Scroll down in the article to the section Court Jurisdictions by Parish.
Maps and Gazetteers
Maps are a visual look at the locations in England. Gazetteers contain brief summaries about a place.
Web sites
Add any relevant sites that aren't mentioned above.


text:
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Planview Shops MPM Division to Deltek
Austin-based portfolio management software publisher Planview announced Tuesday that it has sold the bulk of its Micro-Frame Program Manager division to Deltek Inc. Terms of the deal were not disclosed. Planview said divesting its MPM product line will allow it to focus on its core enterprise portfolio management business. The firm added that Deltek's acquisition includes products, employees and other assets related to the MPM product line. Greg Gilmore, Planview's president and chief operating officer, hailed the deal as a "win for all parties."


text:
Wednesday's ad is for Blatz Beer, from 1953. The ad shows a man sitting on lobster red riding mower, as his comely wife, in shorts and Italian tablecloth shirt, serves him a Blatz beer; a true lawnmower beer, apparently. I love that he's wearing tasseled loafers and argyle socks to mow the lawn, because that's what I always wear, too.
Fiji Beer
Today in 1970, Fiji gained their Independence from the United Kingdom.
Fiji Breweries
Fiji Brewery Guides
Other Guides
Guild: None Known
National Regulatory Agency: None
Beverage Alcohol Labeling Requirements: Not Known
Drunk Driving Laws: BAC 0.08%
- Full Name: Republic of Fiji
- Location: Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
- Government Type: Republic
- Language: English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani
- Religion(s): Protestant 55.4% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%, other 10.4%), Hindu 27.9%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other or unspecified 0.3%, none 0.7%
- Capital: Suva (on Viti Levu)
- Population: 890,057; 161st
- Area: 18,274 sq km, 157th
- Comparative Area: Slightly smaller than New Jersey
- National Food: Fijian Kokoda
- National Symbols: The Tabua (a whale's tooth); Medinilla waterhousei; Lion; Columbidae
- Affiliations: UN, Pacific Community
- Independence: From the UK, October 10, 1970
- Alcohol Legal: Yes
- Minimum Drinking Age: 18 (to drink); 21 (to buy) [Note: The drinking age was 21 from 2006 to 2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.]
- Number of Breweries: 4
- How to Say "Beer": beer / bia
- How to Order a Beer: One beer, please / Dua bia, yalo vinaka
- How to Say "Cheers": cheers
- Toasting Etiquette: N/A
Alcohol Consumption By Type:
- Beer: 71%
- Wine: 1%
- Spirits: 28%
Alcohol Consumption Per Capita (in litres):
- Recorded: 1.43
- Unrecorded: 1.00
- Total: 2.43
- Beer: 1.46
WHO Alcohol Data:
- Per Capita Consumption: 1.4 litres
- Alcohol Consumption Trend: Stable
- Excise Taxes: Yes
- Minimum Age: 21
- Sales Restrictions: Time, location, specific events, intoxicated persons, petrol stations
- Advertising Restrictions: No
- Sponsorship/Promotional Restrictions: No
Patterns of Drinking Score: 3
Prohibition: None


text:
Historically, American Indians traveled throughout the Swan Valley to collect medicinal plants, sometimes doing so for several months at a time. But as the area's inhabitants have changed, Anne Dahl, director of the Swan Ecosystem Center, worries the local botanical knowledge might disappear.
"When you start looking into it, you realize just about every plant has a use of some kind, but a lot of people don't realize that," Dahl says. "The native plants are part of our historic culture. One way to celebrate them is to do a workshop."
A five-hour introductory class on Sept. 26 is the first of what organizers hope will be several educational sessions designed to highlight the variety of medicinal plants available in the Swan Valley. Led by Missoula-based clinical herbalist Britta Bloedorn, participants will have a chance to learn the basics of how to use the plants, then hike the area and identify them in the wild.
Botanical medicine has been used for thousands of years and some of modern medicine's most commonly used drugs are synthesized from chemicals found in plants. Aspirin, for example, was inspired by the pain-relieving effects of willow bark.
But herbalists like Bloedorn say that there are many other beneficial chemicals inside plants that aren't found in medications. Part of the advantages of making an extract or a tincture is that several herbs can be combined to address the cause of an illness rather than just treat its symptoms.She says often people who use herbal supplements have no idea that the extracts they're buying come from plants that grow nearby.
"Like arnica, balsamroot and horsetails—those are just some of the many growing throughout western Montana," Bloedorn says. "I think more often than not many people are surprised by the wealth of medicinal plants we have around us. It's empowering information."


text:
Despite only having been producing as a duo for a couple of years, C-Sonix have clearly acquired a solid set of D&B skills, as this latest EP on Melting Pot demonstrates. The darkside bass and creeping atmospherics of "The Fire Of Combat" is a killer, while "Cold Blooded" is even more renegade, weighing in at a breakneck tempo and with some insane orchestral dropouts thrown in. Heavy heavy stuff.
DJ-friendly full length tracks
DRM Free
Secure Shopping


text:
Shares of LinkedIn, a professional social network, soared on their market debut on Thursday, feeding a growing investor mania for the latest generation of internet companies.
The shares opened at $US83 and rose as high as $US122.70 in late morning trading - well over double its offering price - on the New York Stock Exchange.
"It's an exciting day," Jeff Weiner, LinkedIn's chief executive said in a phone interview on Thursday morning. "We were able to find investors who understood our story and understood our desire to invest in our platform."
At more than $US80 a share, the company's valuation is roughly $US8 billion, an astonishing figure for a company that was recently valued at about $US2.5 billion in the secondary markets.
LinkedIn's offering, the biggest internet IPO since Google's in 2004, is a positive sign for the other Internet companies hoping to go public in the next 12 months.
Although LinkedIn is the largest professional online network, the site attracted relatively modest attention before its offering, compared with its high-flying peers, Facebook and Groupon. Facebook, which is widely expected to go public next year, has soared on the secondary markets, with shares trading at an implied valuation as high as $US80 billion in recent months. Social buying site Groupon, which raised nearly $US1 billion from investors in January, is said to be talking to bankers about an IPO with a valuation north of $US20 billion
The valuation of LinkedIn - the first of the big American social media companies to go public - has been surging. In the first week of May, LinkedIn set the target range for its offering at $US32 to $US35 a share, which valued the company at about $US3 billion. Then the company raised the bar 30 per cent on Tuesday, to a range of $US42 to $US45 a share.
Late on Wednesday, the company priced its IPO at $US45 a share, at the top end of its forecast. LinkedIn has raised $US352.8 million in its offering, but it may raise up to $US405 million, if its underwriters decide to sell an additional 1.1 million shares.
As investor enthusiasm soars, analysts are wondering if the valuations for stocks like LinkedIn are grounded in reality.
"Eyebrows are raised around this valuation," Benjamin Schachter, an analyst with Macquarie Capital, said. "People are trying to figure out how do we value the companies that are coming online?"
According to data from the financial research firm Trefis, the underlying fundamentals do not justify LinkedIn's rocketing valuation. Based on their analysis of its primary revenue streams - recruiting services, display advertising and subscriptions - the site is worth about $US3.2 billion.
"It will be interesting to see how it trades over the next month," said Cem Ozkaynak, a co-founder of Trefis. "Even though its a professional network, a lot of its business is dependent on growing the number of business clients."
According to the Trefis report, LinkedIn's current revenue growth rate will have to pick up substantially in the next five years to justify a valuation north of $US4 billion. LinkedIn, which has about 100 million members, has struggled to increase user engagement on its site, an important metric for attracting and retaining recruiters. It is also facing competitive pressure from established job-listing sites like Monster and Careerbuilder, Mr Ozkaynak said.
"LinkedIn will have to maintain the significant fees it charges to corporate and business customers, while growing its corporate and business customer base significantly from a few thousand customers today to tens of thousands over the next few years," he wrote in the report.
The site made $US243.1 million in 2010, with net income of $US15.4 million.
Still, not everyone is looking LinkedIn's pop with skepticism. Howard Lindzon, a hedge fund manager of Lindzon Capital Partners and the founder of StockTwits, an online community for investors, said the surge simply reflects a catch-up game on Wall Street. He is bullish on LinkedIn, which he calls a "fantastic company." "Institutions are obviously, massively underinvested in the space," he said. "This was a signal that as far as Silicon Valley is leading, Wall Street is embarrassingly lagging
The New York Times


text:
Jews in Ukraine: Little towns A-K
Bolekhov (Bolechóv) - Borislav (Boryslaw) - Dnepropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav) - Dubno - Feodosiya (Kaffa, Caffa) - Glinyany (Gliniany, Gline) - Gorodenka (Horodenka) - Gorodok (Gródek Jagiellonski)
from: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971
presented by Michael Palomino (2008)
/ share:
[["Christian" Orthodox church was the base of Antisemitism in Ukraine but is never mentioned in Encyclopaedia Judaica]].
Bolekhov (Bolechów)
from: Bolekhov; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 4 [[also: Bolekhev, Bolechiw]]
Map of Ukraine with the positions of L'viv (Lemberg), Bolekhov (Bolechow) and Kiev (Kiew) [1]
[Municipality since 1612 - Jewish rights and professions]
BOLEKHOV (Pol. Bolechów), city in W. Ukrainian S.S.R. since 1945 (formerly in *Galicia; from 1772 to 1919 within Austria, subsequently in Poland).
Municipal status was granted to Bolekhov in 1612 by the lord of the town, and the Jews living there were accorded the right to participate in municipal elections for the mayor and council. In 1780 the Austrian government founded a Jewish agricultural settlement near Bolekhov named New Babylon; although the Jews were shortly afterward superseded by Germans, the name was retained. Jewish occupations in Bolekhov in the 18th century included trade in Hungarian wines, cattle, horses, and salt from the local mines. Later they extended to other trades and crafts. Industrial undertaking established by Jews included timber and other mills, tanneries, and furniture, soap, and candle factories.
The oil industry founded in Bolekhov after World War I, and its position as a summer resort, also provided sources of Jewish incomes. Bolekhov was a cradle of the Jewish Enlightenment movement (*Haskalah) in eastern Galicia, the Jews there taking an interest in Polish and other foreign (col. 1185)
languages even in the 18th century. Prominent among its leaders were Dov Ber *Birkenthal, author of a famous autobiography, and Solomon *Rubin, principal of the modern Jewish school, where both Hebrew and German were taught.
The Jews formed a considerable majority of the population until World War II. In 1900 there were 3,323 Jewish inhabitants (78% of the total), in 1925, 2,435. In elections for the Austrian parliament (1867 through 1906), Bolekhov formed part of a constituency with largely Jewish voters. In 1931 there were 2,986 Jews.
Holocaust Period. [Shooting waves]
[[The Big Flight from Barbarossa is not mentioned]].
When World War II broke out, Bolekhov came under Soviet occupation until July 2, 1941, when the town was occupied by Slovak and Ukrainian units under German command. The German commander established a Judenrat, headed by Dr. Reifeisen, who shortly afterward committed suicide. The Jes were segregated in a ghetto established in the autumn of 1941 and the intolerable living conditions there were aggravated by the arrival of refugees from the villages in the district.
Relief was organized with great difficulty, and by the spring of 1942 most of them had died of starvation. Some Jews were employed in the local tanneries. Later, Jews were employed in lumber [[forest]] work at a special labor camp.
In October 1941, the German police seized over 1,000 Jews. After being tortured for 24 hours, some succumbed and the rest were brought to a mass grave and shot. The second mass liquidation took place in September 1942 when a manhunt was conducted jointly by the Ukrainian and Jewish police for three days. The victims were herded into the courtyard of the city hall, where some 500 persons were murdered by the Ukrainians and some 2,000 dispatched by freight trains to *Belzec death camp where they perished.
Most of the remaining Jews, including those from the work camp and some of the Jewish police and Judenrat were killed in December 1942. By 1943 only 1,000 Jews remained in the ghetto, in the work camp, and a few in the Jewish police. These were gradually murdered and only a few managed to escape to the neighboring forests. Some joined the partisans, while others perished there during the first few weeks.
By the time of the Soviet conquest (spring of 1944) only a handful of Jews remained alive. In the district of Bolekhov, there was a group of Jewish partisan fighters who operated under the command of a Ukrainian communist.
[[There is no indication about returning Jews or Jewry from 1944-1971, which seems to be strange]].
-- B. Wasiutynski: Ludnósc zydowska w Polsce w w. XIX i XX (1930), 122
-- Y. Eshel and M.H. Eshel: Sefer ha-Zikkaron li-Kedoshei Bolehov (1957)> (col. 1186)
Sources for Bolekhov (Bolechów)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Bolekhov (Bolechow), vol. 4, col. 1185-1186
Borislav (Boryslaw)
from: Borislav; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 4 [[Germ. Borislau]]
Map of Ukraine with the positions of Lviv (Lemberg), Borislav (Borislau) and Kiev (Kiew) [2]
[Jewish oil business in Borislav]
BORISLAV (Pol. Boryslaw), city in Ukrainian S.S.R. (until 1939, Galicia, Poland).
From 1867 to 1903 Borislav formed part of an Austrian parliamentary electoral district in which the majority of the constituents were Jewish. [...] The [[oil]] industry was pioneered by Jews. About 1880 the numerous wells located (col. 1248)
by them employed about 3,000 Jewish workers from Borislav and the vicinity. At this time, large Austrian and foreign banks, subsidizing modern techniques, began to squeeze out the smaller enterprises and Jewish labor, although a number of wells were still Jewish owned.
[1898: Emigration wave]
Borislav, which at the end of the 19th century was nicknamed the "California of Galicia", in 1920 supplied 75% of the oil in Poland. [...] In 1887 the first society of Hovevei Zion was established in Borislav. [...] In 1898 some of the unemployed workers petitioned the Second Zionist Congress to grant them facilities to emigrate to Erez Israel. At the request of Theodor Herzl, the Alliance Israélite Universelle assisted approximately 500 workers to leave for the United States.
The Jewish community of Borislav had been affiliated with the *Drogobych kehillah [[congregation]], and became independent in 1928. [...]
In 1860 the Jewish population of Borislav numbered about 1,000; in 1890, 9,047 (out of a total of 10,424); in 1910, 5,753 (out of 12,767); in 1921, 7,170 (out of 16,000); and in 1939 over 13,000.
Holocaust and Postwar Periods. [Soviet 1939 - Jewish refugees from Western Poland are deported 1940 - Big Flight from Barbarossa]
When the town came under Soviet administration in 1939, the Jewish institutions were disbanded and the political parties ceased to function. Jewish merchants were forced out of business, while the artisans were organized into cooperatives. Refugees from western Poland were deported from Borislav to the Soviet interior in the summer of 1940.
When the war with Germany broke out (June 1941) many young Jews joined the Soviet army, and others fled with the retreating Soviet authorities.
[Shooting waves]
The town fell to the Germans on July 1, 1941, and the following day the Ukrainians staged a pogrom against the Jewish community, killing more than 200 Jews. A *Judenrat was set up, headed by Michael Herz. The first Aktion took place on Nov. 29-30, 1941, when 1,500 Jews were murdered in the forests of two neighboring villages. The following winter (1941-42), hunger and disease made inroads on the Jewish community. In 1942 able-bodied Jews were sent to the labor camps of *Popiele, *Skole, and *Stryj, and about 5,000 Jews were sent to *Belzec death camp.
Two separate ghettos were established, followed by a series of roundups in which hundreds were sent to Belzec. Toward the end of 1942 a special labor camp was established in Borislav for the oil industries. The extermination process of the Jewish community continued with the execution, at the city slaughterhouse, on Feb. 16-17, 1943, of some 600 women, children, and elderly people.
During May-August 1943, the remaining Jews were killed and only some 1,500 slave laborers were temporarily spared. Jews who tried to hide in the forests and in the city itself were mostly caught and killed by the Germans, with the cooperation of local Ukrainians belonging mostly to the bands of Stefan Bandera.
In April-July 1944 the local labor camp was liquidated and the last surviving members of the Jewish community were brought to *Plaszow labor camp from where they were sent on to death or concentration camps in Germany. There were resistance groups among the young Jews of Borislav, but the only detail known about them is the fact that one of their leaders, Lonek Hofman, was killed while attempting to assault a German foreman.
[1944: Some 200 Jews - and Jews coming back from central "Soviet Union" and from German cc]
When Soviet forces took Borislav on Aug. 8, 1944, some 200 Jewish survivors were found in the forests and in local hideouts. Another 200 Jews came back later from the Soviet Union and from German concentrations camps. A monument was erected to the Jews who fell in World War II but was allowed to fall into disrepair. The Jewish cemetery was closed down in 1959.
In 1970, the number of Jews in Borislav was estimated at 3,000. There was no synagogue. A society composed of emigrants from Borislav and Drogobych and the vicinity was set up in [[Herzl]] Israel.
-- Gelber, in: Sefer Drohobycz ve-ha-Sevivah (1959), 171-6
-- K. Holzman: Be-Ein Elohim (1956)
-- T. Brustin-Berenstein; In: Bleter far Geshikhte, 6, no. 3 (1953), 45-100
-- Sefer Zikkaron le-Drohobiz, Borislav, ve-ha-Sevivah (1959), Heb. with Yid.> (col. 1250)
Sources for Borislav (Boryslav)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Borislav (Boryslav), vol. 4, col. 1248-1249-1250
Dnepropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav)
from: Dnepropetrovsk; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 6
Map of Ukraine with the positions of Dnepropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav) and Kiev (Kiew) [3]
[Foundation of Dnepropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav) in 1778 - Pale of Settlement - Jewish community - agricultural colonies 1840s-1941]
DNEPROPETROVSK (Yekaterinoslav until 1926), city and industrial center situated on the River Dnieper in Ukrainian S.S.R.
Jews first settled there shortly after its foundation in 1778, and in 1794 the town was included in the *Pale of Settlement. The community numbered 376 in 1805, and 1,699 in 1847. With the growth of the city in the second half of the 19th century Jews began to move there from other parts of Russia, and played an important role in its commerce and industry. Several Jewish agricultural colonies (see *Agriculture) were founded in the Yekaterinoslav province and in the neighborhood of the city itself between 1846 and 1855 with about 8,000 persons; some remained in existence until the German occupation in World War II.
[Pogroms 1883 - further increase of Jewish population - professions - pogroms 1905 - racist Zionism]
Pogroms occurred in Dnepropetrovsk and the vicinity in July 1883 in which much Jewish property was looted and destroyed. By 1897 the Jewish population had increased to 41,240 (36.3% of the total population), and included some very wealthy members, as well as shopkeepers, artisans, workers, and dockers.
The community was one of the most highly organized in Russia, and maintained a network of educational and charitable institutions, including a small yeshivah [[religious Torah school]]. There was also a small Karaite house.
Pogroms again broke out in October 1905 and local *self-defense was organized which did much to protect the community. The pogroms, which continued for about three days, took a toll of 67 dead and 100 wounded. Revolutionary trends among the Jewish youth were strong, alongside Hasidism and Orthodoxy among the older generation of the community. Dnepropetrovsk was an important Zionist center where M. *Ussishkin (from 1891 to 1906) and Shemaryahu *Levin were active. The latter served there as *government-appointed rabbi from 1898 to 1904.
[Jewish refugee center during WW I]
During World War I and the civil war in Russia, thousands of Jews took refuge in Dnepropetrovsk, which numbered 73,000 Jews in 1920. After the establishment of Soviet rule, Jewish community life ceased there as elsewhere in the Soviet Union. Some of the refugees returned to their former places of residence.
[Numbers and professions 1926]
The Jewish population numbered 62,073 in 1926 (26.9% of the total), with the following occupational structure:
-- workers in factories and workshops: 6,397
-- office workers: 8,477
-- in professions: 425
-- in agriculture: 887
-- in trade: 2,194
-- artisans: 3,469
- without professional status: 2,146
-- unemployed: 4,819
[1941: about 80% succeed in the Big Flight from Barbarossa]
The number of Jews was estimated at 100,000 (one-fifth of the total population) on the eve of World War II. Most succeeded in escaping from the city during the Nazi occupation. Those who remained, numbering about 20,000, were murdered toward the end of 1941.
[[The return of the Jews from central Russia 1945-1946 is not mentioned. The harsh Antisemitism since 1948 and the russification is not mentioned]].
According to the 1959 census there were 13,256 Jews living in Dnepropetrovsk. In 1963 anti-Semitic hooligans broke into a synagogue during the High Holiday services without interference from the police. In 1970 there was one (col. 141)
synagogue still functioning in the city and the Jewish population was estimated at 25,000. During the High Holidays the synagogue street is filled with Jews and order is maintained by the police. J.L. *Levin served as rabbi of Dnepropetrovsk before becoming chief rabbi of Moscow.
-- I. Halpern: Sefer ha-Gevurah, 3 (1950), 105, 162-79
-- M. Osherowitch: Shtet un Shtetlekh in Ukraine, 2 (1948), 99-111
-- Z. Harkavy, in: He-Avar, 5 (1957), 128-32
-- Die Judenpogrome in Russland, 2 (1910), 175-95
-- B. West: Be-Hevleei Kelayah (1963), 76.
[Y.S.]> (col. 142)
Sources for Dnepropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav)
from: Dubno; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 6
Map of Ukraine with the positions of Lviv (Lemberg), Dubno and Kiev (Kiew) [4]
[Jews since 16th century - writer Horowitz - Jewish rights - Chmielnicki massacres]
DUBNO, city in *Volhynia, Ukrainian S.S.R.
Dubno had one of the oldest, and for four centuries most important Jewish communities in Eastern Europe. Jews in Dubno are first mentioned in documents of 1532 in connection with the ownership of cattle. The oldest tombstone inscription in the Jewish cemetery dates from 1581.
At the beginning of the 17th century Isaiah ha-Levi *Horowitz, author of Shenei Luhot ha-Berit, was rabbi in Dubno. The community was represented on the council of the province of Volhynia (see *Councils of the Lands). Various sources relate that during the *Chmielnicki revolt of 1648-49, the Jews were massacred because the Poles had refused to permit them to take refuge in the fortress. According to tradition the graves of the martyrs were located near the eastern wall of the great synagogue, where it was customary to mourn them on the Ninth of Av. (col. 249)
[Reestablished Jewish community]
The Jewish community was reestablished shortly afterward under the patronage of the owners of the town, the princes Lubomirski, who accorded it special privileges in 1966 and 1713. By the beginning of the 18th century Dubno had become the largest Jewish community in the district of Luck, being represented on the Council of the Four Lands and earning the sobriquet "Dubno the Great" (Dubno Rabbati). Jewish polltax payers numbered 1,923 in 1765. The great fair of *Lvov was moved to Dubno between 1773 and 1793, and the city became an important commercial center. The most famous of the 18th-century Jewish preachers of Lithuania, *Jacob of Dubno, was known as the Dubner Maggid, after the city with which he was most closely associated.
[Numbers and professions]
In 1780 the Jewish population numbered 2,325, in 1847, 6,330, and in 1897, 7,108 (about half the total). A main occupation was dealing in grain and hops.
During World War I and the civil war in Russia (to 1921), the city changed hands a number of times and the community suffered extreme hardship, mainly of an economic nature.
While Dubno belonged to Poland (1921-1939), the community maintained many cultural institutions and there was an active Zionist and pioneer movement.
Holocaust and Postwar Periods. [Soviets 1939 - Jewish refugees from Western Poland]
After the outbreak of World War II Dubno was occupied by Soviet forces (Sept. 18, 1939). The Soviet authorities liquidated the Jewish community institutions, made all political parties illegal, transferred Jewish welfare institutions to the municipality, and allowed only one Jewish activity - the public kitchen for refugees from the West. All Jewish economic enterprises and buildings were nationalized. Jewish leaders, among them David Perl, president of the Zionist Organization, were arrested.
[[Deportation of Western Jewish refugees who resign to the "Soviet" passport and other deportation waves are not mentioned]].
[1941: Big Flight from Barbarossa - ghettos and shooting waves]
When the German-Soviet war broke out (June 1941), hundreds of young Jewish men escaped from Dubno to the Soviet interior. On the eve of the Nazi occupation there were about 12,000 Jews in the city. After the Germans entered Dubno (June 25), the local Ukrainian population indulged [[gave way]] in acts of murder and robbery, while the Germans extracted 100,000 rubles ($20,000) from the Jewish community.
On July 22, 1941, 80 Jews were executed by the Nazis in the local cemetery; one month later 900 were killed. The Germans organized a Judenrat headed by Konrad Tojbenfeld. The Jewish population was conscripted for forced labor and many succumbed to the unbearable conditions. The winter that followed (1941-42) was marked by hunger and disease, despite the attempts to provide relief by organizing public kitchens. The ghetto was established at the beginning of April 1942, and on May 27 the Nazi police moved in and "selected" over 5,000 "non-productive" Jews to be killed and buried in mass graves on the outskirts of the city.
The destruction of the remnant of the community continued throughout the summer and in October, in a final Aktion to liquidate the ghetto, the last 3,000 Jews were murdered, including about 150 discovered in hiding.
[1944: 300 Jews in Dubno - return of Jews from central Russia]
When the war was over only about 300 Jews from Dubno remained alive, including those who had returned from the Soviet Union. No Jewish community was reestablished after the war. A society of immigrants from Dubno has been established in Israel.
[AR.W]> (col. 250)
Sources for Dubno
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Dubno, vol. 6, col. 249-250
Feodosiya (Kaffa, Caffa)
from: Feodosiya; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 6
Map of Ukraine with the positions of Crimea and Feodosiya (Kaffa, Caffa) [5]
[Jews in Kaffa since the Hellenistic period - rule of Genoa since 1266 with freedom of religion]
FEODOSIYA [[Kaffa, Caffa]], Black Sea port in Crimea, Ukrainian S.S.R.;
one of the most ancient towns of the Soviet Union. Founded during the Hellenistic period as the Greek colony of Theodosia, it was called Kaffa (Caffa) until the Russian conquest (1783).
The Jewish settlement was also one of the oldest on Russian territory, its beginnings dating from the Hellenistic period. The old synagogue of Feodosiya, thought to be the most ancient in Russia, had an inscription which testified to its construction in 909.
Under the rule of the Republic of Genoa from 1266, Feodosiya became the center of the Genoese colonies on the Black Sea. In order to attract merchants from all nations there, freedom of religion was granted for all Christian sects, Muslims, and Jews. The traveler Schiltberg, who visited Feodosiya at the beginning of the 15th century, relates of the existence of two communities in the town - a *Rabbanite and a *Karaite one. The Jews engaged in commerce and maintained relations with the Near East and Poland. The constitution of the town, proclaimed in Genoa in 1449, called on the consul and city elders to protect the Jews as all members of other religions, "from any robbery, from scheming against (col. 1224)
their property when one of them died intestate, and from other molestations of the bishop."
The situation of the Jews remained unchanged when the government of the town was transferred to the Bank of San Giorgio, a powerful financial company that administered the eastern colonies of Genoa (1453-75).
[Turkish rule 1475-1783]
The community continued to develop under Turkish rule also (1475-1783). At the beginning of the 16th century *Moses b. Jacob of Kiev, of Lithuanian origin, held rabbinical office in Feodosiya. He composed a uniform siddur [[Jewish prayer book]] for all Jews of Crimea (the Kaffa rite) and instituted 18 takkanot [[major legislative enactment of Jewish law]] for the community.
[1783-1919: Czarist Russian law]
After annexation by Russia, Feodosiya was incorporated in the *Pale of Settlement.
[[About pogroms from 1881 to 1883 and about the emigration wave from Russia at the end of the 19th century is no indication]].
In 1897 there were 3,109 Jews in the town (12.9% of the total population), mainly Ashkenazim who had emigrated from Lithuania and Ukraine. On Oct. 17, 1905, pogroms accompanied by murder and looting broke out.
[[Famine and turmoil of Communist Revolution is not mentioned]].
The Jewish population of Feodosiya numbered 3,248 (11.3% of the total) in 1926.
[1941-1944: Holocaust period]
When the town was occupied by the Germans [[and probably also by Romanian troops]] at the end of 1941, all the Jews who had been unable to escape were arrested, and taken to their deaths (Dec. 4, 1941).
[[There was a big Jewish settlement movement which cut the other populations land. Stalin let deport the German friendly populations 1940-1941. Under Nazi law the Karaites were not pursued. The staying Tatars helped the NS occupation forces to kill the Jews. After Soviet return the Tatars were deported because of their help to the German troops. After 1945 some Jews came back from central Russia and were allowed to settle in the Crimea. Details: see: Crimea ]].
In 1970 the Jewish population of Feodosiya consisted of Crimean and Russian Jews and Karaites. There was no synagogue.
-- I. Markon, in: Zikkaron le-Avraham Eliyahu Harkavy (1908), 449-69
-- E. Farfel: Beit Keneset ha-Attik ha-Nimza be-Ir Feodosiya (1912)
[Y.S.]> (col. 1225)
Sources for Feodosiya (Kaffa, Caffa)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Feodosiya (Kaffa, Caffa), vol. 6, col. 1224-1225
Glinyany (Gliniany, Gline)
from: Glinyany; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 7
[Jews in 12th century - community since 1474 - Tatar raids and Cossack massacres - Chmielnicki massacre - synagogue in 1704 - Shabbateans and Frankists - Hasidism in the 18th century]
GLINYANY (Pol. Gliniany; Yid. Gline), small town in Lvov oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R.
Some Jews lived there in the 12th century. An organized community existed from 1474. The Jews of Glinyany suffered during the Tatar raids and Cossack massacres in 1624, 1638, and 1657, and particularly in 1648-49 (see *Chmielnicki). The first synagogue, built of wood, was erected there in 1704. Glinyany was a stronghold of the Shabbateans and later of the Frankists (see Jacob *Frank); in 1758 King Augustus III assigned Glinyany to the latter as one of their places of residence before baptism. In the 18th century Glinyany became a center of Hasidism.
[Austrian law: Jewish-German school until 1806 - Baron Hirsch school 1816-1914 - racist Zionists - figures]
A Jewish-German school in Glinyany, established under Joseph II after Austrian annexation of Galicia, remained open until 1806. A public school in the name of Baron Hirsch existed there from 1816 to 1914. The center of [[racist]] Zionist activity was a club, "National Home", founded in 1906. The community numbered 688 in 1765, 1,708 in 1880 (out of a total population of 3,695), 2,177 in 1900 (out of 4,906), 1,679 in 1921 (out of 4,355), 1,906 in 1931, and 2,300 in 1939.
Holocaust Period. ["Soviet" rule 1939-1941 - German rule with fine and labor camp - "Soviet" rule since 1944]
Under Soviet rule (1939-1941), the communal bodies were disbanded and all political activity outlawed. In 1940 the former political leaders and important businessmen were arrested. In spring 1941 young Jews were drafted into the Soviet army and placed in special work units.
The city fell to the Germans in July 1941. On July 27 a pogrom broke out, led by the Ukrainian populace in which the Jews were murdered and robbed, and their sacred literature was burned. A provisional Jewish committee was set up in an attempt to prevent further persecution.
The community had to pay a fine of 1,000,000 zlotys, but could not raise such a sum. Emissaries were sent to the German authorities in Peremyshlyany in an effort to lower the sum and delay payment, but met with partial success.
The Jews of Glinyany were sent to a labor camp in Kurwice. The *Judenrat, headed by Aaron Hochberg, considerably assisted the community until the period between Nov. 20, 1942, and Dec. 1, 1942, when the remaining Jews were interned in Peremyshlyany ghetto. They perished there when it was liquidated in the summer of 1943.
The city of Glinyany was taken by Soviet forces in August 1944, at which time only 20 Jewish survivors were found there. These left Glinyany in 1946.
-- M. Balaban, in: YE, 6 (c. 1910), 586
-- Bleter far Geshikhte, 4 pt, 3 (1953), 163
-- H. Halpern (ed.): Megiles Gline (1950)
-- Khurbn Gline (1964)
-- A. Korech (ed.): Kehillat Glina 1473-1943, Toledoteha ve-Hurbanah (1950)> (col. 621)
Sources for Glinyany (Gliniany, Gline)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Glinyani, vol. 7, col. 621
Gorodenka (Horodenka)
from: Gorodenka; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 7
[Jews since 17th century - Jewish trade activities in 18th century]
GORODENKA (Pol. Horodenka), city in Stanislav oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R.
Jews first settled there under Polish rule during the middle of the 17th century. In 1743 the Polish landowner granted them by a privilege the right to live in the town and to engage in commerce (excluding trade in Christian religious appurtenances) and crafts. The community received land for building a synagogue and for a cemetery. Jews of Gorodenka were dealers in grain, timber, and salt, wine makers, distillers of brandy, beer brewers, tavern keepers, and leasers and managers of estates. According to the census of 1765, there were 863 Jewish families in Gorodenka and 133 Jews living in 14 villages in the vicinity, affiliated to the Gorodenka community.
In the middle of the 18th century there was a group of Shabbateans and Frankists in the town. During the 1760s most of the Jews in Gorodenka joined the hasidic movement, among them *Nahman of Horodenko, one of the closest disciples of *Israel b. Eliezer Ba'al Shem Tov.
[1772: Discrimination under Austrian law - racist Zionism - Jewish institutions]
The city passed to Austria in 1772. In 1794, 30 Jews in Gorodenka (12 families) joined to found an agricultural settlement. Despite their economic difficulties, the rate of taxation levied upon the Jewish population was five times higher than that for the Christian population.
According to data of 1890, 4,340 of the 11,162 inhabitants of the town and 7 of the 18 members of the municipal council were Jews.
By the end of the 19th century a local [[racist?]] *Benei Zion society had been founded, which by 1897 consisted of about 150 members. A Jewish boys' school financed by Baron *Hirsch functioned from 1898 until 1914. The first Hebrew school was opened in 1907. At the beginning of the 20th century, the community had a great synagogue and a number of battei midrash [[houses of learning]] and hasidic prayer houses.
["Soviet" occupation - 1915-1921 - Polish law 1921-1939 - "Soviet" law 1939-1941]
In World War I the Jews in Gorodenka suffered severely under the Russian occupation. In 1916 Jewish houses were set on fire and nine local Jews were hanged on a charge of espionage.
Gorodenka was within Poland between the two world wars. The Jewish population numbered 3,048 (out of 9,907) in 1921. Subsequently, about 2,000 emigrated to the United States, Canada, and South America, and hundreds of others to [[racist Herzl]] Erez Israel.
[[Sovietization 1939 and deportations 1940-1941 are not mentioned].
Holocaust Period. [Hungarian troops - pogroms - German administration since September 1941: badge and slave labor]
Within a few days of the outbreak of war between Germany and the US.S.R., Gorodenka was occupied by Hungarian troops. The local Ukrainian populace immediately attacked the Jewish inhabitants, murdering and robbing them. Subsequently, Jews from Carpatho-Ruthenia (which had been annexed by Hungary) (col. 813)
arrived in Gorodenka, having been driven from their homes. A local Jewish committee was set up to deal with the situation. Aid was extended to the local Jews and refugees. When the city came under German administration in September 1941 conditions deteriorated. Anti-Jewish measures were enacted, including restriction on free movement on the streets, compulsory wearing of the yellow *badge, and the institution of slave labor.
In November the Jews were concentrated in a ghetto. On Dec. 4, 1941, they were assembled, allegedly to receive immunization against typhus, but were guarded by the Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators in the great synagogue. The following day they underwent a "Selektion", and those classed as "nonproductive" were taken to mass graves dug between the villages of Michalcze and Simakowce, and murdered.
On April 4, 1942, a second Aktion was carried out in which 1,500 were murdered. In May and June hundreds of Jews were taken from Gorodenka to Kolomyya, where they shared the fate of the Jews there. Some of the inmates fled to Tlusta, where they found temporary refuge.
The ghetto was liquidated on Sept. 6, 1942. On March 24, 1944, Soviet forces returned to Gorodenka, but by then only a few Jews were left. Thy subsequently left for Poland in transit to Palestine.
-- M. Balaban: Spis Zydow i Karaitow ziemi Halickiej i powiatow Trembowelskiego i Kolomyiskiego w roku 1765 (1909), 18
-- M. Freudental: Leipziger Messegaeste (1928), 141
-- W. Tokarz: Galicya w. poczatkach ery józefinskiej ... (1909), 356-7
-- B. Wasiutynski: Ludnosc zydowska w Polsce w wiekach xix i xx (1930), 100, 122
-- Sefer Horodenka (Heb. and Yid., with Eng. introduction, 1963).> (col. 814)
Sources for Gorodenka (Horodenka)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Gorodenka (Horodenka), vol. 7, col. 813-814
Gorodok (Gródek Jagiellonski)
from: Gorodok; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 7
[Jewish data since 1444 - customs and tax - Tatar raid and devastation - Jewish quarter - Jewish rights confirmed in 1684 - debts - numbers - WW I suffering - numbers]
GORODOK (Pol. Gródek Jagiellonski), city in Lvov oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R., within Poland until 1772 and between the two world wars.
The earliest information on the presence of Jews there dates from 1444. Jews were responsible for collection of customs and taxes in Gorodok for short periods. In 1550 King Sigismund II Augustus granted the town the privilege to exclude Jews (de non tolerandis Judaeis), but probably those already there remained.
In 1662, after Gorodok had been devastated during the Crimean Tartars' invasions, the local governor (starosta) encouraged Jews to settle in the town and rehabilitate it; because of the objections of the townsmen, he assigned them a special quarter, "the Gnin". King John III Sobieski confirmed their right of residence in 1684.
According to the census of 1765, there were 788 Jews living in the "Jewish town of Gnin" and 251 in neighboring villages. As a result of the difficult economic situation, the debts of the community increased, amounting to 3,212 zlotys in 1784.
The community numbered 2,952 in 1880 (29% of the total population), and 3,610 in 1900,with an additional 3,478 living in villages in the district.
In World War I the Jews of Gorodok and its surroundings suffered severely during the fighting between the Russian and Austrian armies in 1915, and subsequently in 1918-19 during the struggle between the Poles and Ukrainians. There were 2,545 Jews living in the city itself (24% of the population) and 1,414 in the villages in 1921, and 3,281 in 1931. Between the two world wars most of them were occupied in crafts, hawking, and trade in agricultural products.
Holocaust Period. [Jewish refugees from western Poland 1939 - "Soviet" rule 1939-1941 - German Nazi rule and Ukrainian attacks against the remaining Jews - mass shootings]
With the German invasion of Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, many Jewish refugees from western Poland arrived in the city, and by 1941 the Jewish population numbered over 5,000. From October 1939 until the outbreak of the German-Soviet war in June 1941 the city was occupied by the Soviets.
[[The deportation waves to central Russia are not mentioned, and the Big Flight from Barbarossa and the retreat of the Red Army are not mentioned either]].
In July 1941 the Germans captured Gorodok, (col. 814)
and neighboring farmers, mainly Ukrainians, attacked the Jews there. Conscription into forced labor camps in Jaktorow and Winniki continued through the autumn of 1941 and 1942. On May 19, 1942, several hundred Jews were deported to Janowska camp in Lvov. On August 13, a large number were deported to the extermination camp in Belzec. On Jan. 21 and Feb. 3, 1943, additional deportations took place. The ghetto was liquidated in May 1943. The last Jews of Gorodok were shot and buried in mass graves near Artyszczow.
[[Jews coming back from central Russia are not mentioned]].
-- B. Wasiutynski: Ludnosec zydowska w Polsce ... (1930), 107, 115, 147, 151, 196, 212
-- I. Schiper: Studya nad stosunkami gospodarczymi zydow w Polsce podczas sredniowiecza (1911), 154, 239, 243> (col. 815)
Sources for Gorodok (Gródek Jagiellonski)
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Jews in Gorodok, vol. 7, col. 814-815
/ share:
Further sources
[1] http://maps.google.de/; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv
[2] http://travel.kyiv.org/map/e_lviv.htm; http://travel.kyiv.org/map/e_lviv.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv
[3] http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnepropetrovsk
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv; http://travel.kyiv.org/map/e_rivne.htm
[5] http://travel.kyiv.org/crimea/map/; http://www.onlineholidays.de/reisen/europa/russland/ukraine/rundreise_krim.html
[6] http://www.jhi.pl/en/gminy/miasto/869.html


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Hello ,
A nice to have feature would be to update the Aliases functionality
from the current one IP or network per alias, to several networks and
IPs per alias, as The FreeBSD kernel 5.3 supports it as well as
version 4.11.
Maybe in a future beta?
Thanks for this great software!
Adrian Basescu


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This listing is for one colored initials vinyl decal in the size and color
of your choice. The size of the decal chosen will be measured from left to right.
This decal is cut from 6+ Year Indoor/Outdoor rated vinyl, and comes with transfer tape for easy application. Instructions will be sent to ensure proper application.
**Under the "Enter Initials Here:" please provide the 3 initials in the order you would like them to appear. Typically a monogram is the first name initial, last name initial, and middle name initial. For example: Christy Jane King would appear as CKJ.
All designs and photographs ©Copyright 2012 IndieEtc™


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Jimmy Choo Candle Sparkle Clutch | Jimmy Choo - Women - Spring Summer 2011
Jimmy Choo Candle Sparkle Clutch Add some sparkle into your evening wear, with this striking acrylic clutch bag in silver glitter. Details: - Jimmy Choo logo on flap Closure - Acrylic Material Advice: This product is the result of extensive research, resulting in fine details synonymous with high quality luxury. Always store your product in the felt pouch provided when not in use.


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The Emmy Nominations: What Did They Get Right?
There's always a lot to shake your head (or fists) about each year when the Emmy nominees are announced, but this year's list had a few good things going for it as well. Here's what they got right:
1. "Parks & Recreation"
Finally! "Parks & Recreation" has been one of NBC's strongest shows--and even one of the best comedies on TV--for a while now, but had received no Emmy love. The show had a bit of a slow start at first in trying to separate itself from that other mockumentary workplace comedy ("The Office"), but having finished its unbelievably funny third season and gotten renewed for a fourth, "Parks & Rec" is stronger than ever. Granted, it would take a miracle for this show to beat "Modern Family," but it's good to see it on here. Now if they could just give the comedic genius Nic Offerman his nomination...
2. Louis C.K.
Those who have been following the comedy career of Louis C.K. know just how painfully hilarious he can be. Seriously, you can injure yourself laughing at this guy's stand-up, and he somehow manages to create a new hour of material every year. But last year he brought his funny to cable TV with the surreal but incredibly funny "Louie." C.K.'s honesty in talking about his life as a post-divorce single father (and about his kids, with whom he has a love-hate relationship) makes for a refreshingly funny--and at times dark and poignant--performance. Expect to see more out of this show in the future (possibly even a Best Comedy nom), and keep an eye out for more nominees from F/X, which has a very strong slate of comedies.
3. "Game of Thrones"
Since it's a fantasy show, "Game of Thrones" is a little bit inaccessible. I watched the entire first season and I'm still not clear on all of the characters' names. But the fact that the show can take an established, complicated, politically detailed world such as Westeros and make it this engaging is a testament to how good the creative team is for this show. Throw in some incredible performances and a few of the most shocking moments in recent memory, and you have a show that's well-deserving of an Emmy nomination. Would I have liked to see "The Walking Dead" in here? Sure. But "Game of Thrones" is a good consolation prize.
4. Peter Dinklage
Speaking of "Game of Thrones" and those excellent performances, it's good to see at least one of them nominated. While it's a shame that Sean Bean didn't make the list (those that watch the show know why), Peter Dinklage is equally deserving, if not more so. He has been able to blend comedy into an otherwise very serious show, while providing us with a character that has depth and some really great moments of honesty. And he's just so darned likable, isn't he?
5. Melissa McCarthy
I can't speak to the quality of "Mike & Molly" as my viewing of the show has been limited. But holy moley, was Melissa McCarthy funny in "Bridesmaids." Granted, her character on "Mike & Molly" is a very different one, but if she's half as good here as she was in Kristin Wiig's romp, then this nomination is well-deserved. McCarthy has had more buzz recently than just about any comedic feamle actress right now, so expect to see even more of her after this. Plus, she was standing right next to Joshua Jackson and doing her duty as a nominee announcer when he read her name. How great is that?
The Emmy Awards, Parks & Recreation, Louie, Game of Thrones, The Killing , Modern Family