text:
Search Results
Title: Ab-sa-ra-ka, home of the Crows : being the experience of an officer's wife on the plains, and marking the vicissitudes of peril and pleasure during the occupation of the new route to Virginia City, Montana, 1866-7, and the Indian hostilities thereto ; with outlines of the natural features and resources of the land, tables of distances, maps and other aids to the traveler ; gathered from observation and other reliable sources.
Author: Carrington, Margaret Irvin, 1831-1870.
Publication Info: Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott, 1869.
subjects: [Carrington, Margaret Irvin, 1831-1870] [Frontier and pioneer life--Wyoming] [Indians of North America--Wyoming] [Indians of North America--Wars--1866-1895] [Crow Indians] [Wyoming--History]
Title: An account of the treaty held at the city of Albany in the province of New York by his excellency the governor of that province, and the honourable the Commissioners for the province of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Pennsylvania with the Indians of the Six Nations, in October 1745.
Author: Pennsylvania. Treaties, etc. 1745
Publication Info: Philadelphia : B. Franklin, 1746.
subjects: [Iroquois Indians--Treaties] [Indians of North America--Treaties] [United States--History--King George's War, 1744-1748--Sources] [New York--Treaties, etc., 1745] [Connecticut--Treaties, etc., 1745] [Massachusetts--Treaties, etc., 1745]
Title: An account of two voyages to New-England : made during the years 1638, 1663
Author: Josselyn, John, fl. 1630-1675.
Publication Info: Boston : William Veazie, 1865.
subjects: [Indians of North America--New England] [New England--Description and travel]
Title: Amerikanische Jagd- und Reiseabenteuer aus meinem Leben in den westlichen Indianergebieten
Author: Armand, 1806-1889.
Publication Info: Stuttgart und Augsburg : J.G. Sotta'scher Verlag, 1858.
subjects: [Indians of North America--West (U.S.)] [Hunting--West (U.S.)] [West (U.S.)--Description and travel] [Texas--Description and travel]
Title: Annals of the West : embracing a concise account of principal events which have occurred in the western states and territories, from the discovery of the Mississippi Valley to the year eighteen hundred and fifty-six
Authors: Perkins, James H. (James Handasyd), 1810-1849., Peck, John Mason, 1789-1858.
Publication Info: Pittsburgh : W. S. Haven, printer, 1856.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Wars] [Mississippi River Valley--History] [Northwest, Old--History] [Ohio River Valley--History]
Title: Annals of the West : embracing a concise account of principal events, which have occurred in the western states and territories, from the discovery of the Mississippi Valley to the year eighteen hundred and fifty
Authors: Perkins, James H. (James Handasyd), 1810-1849., Peck, John Mason, 1789-1858.
Publication Info: St. Louis : J.R. Albach, 1850.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Wars] [Mississippi River Valley--History] [Northwest, Old--History--1775-1865] [Ohio River Valley--History]
Title: Antiquarian, ethnological, and other researches in New Granada, Equador, Peru and Chili : with observations on the pre-Incarial, Incarial and other monuments of Peruvian nations
Author: Bollaert, William, 1807-1876.
Publication Info: London,: Trübner & Co., 1860.
subjects: [Indians of South America] [Incas] [Peru--Antiquities] [Colombia--Antiquities] [Ecuador--Antiquities] [Chile--Antiquities]
Title: Border wars of the American revolution / v.1
Author: Stone, William L. (William Leete), 1792-1844.
Publication Info: New York : Harper, 1845.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Wars--1775-1783] [United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783]
Title: Border wars of the American revolution / v.2
Author: Stone, William L. (William Leete), 1792-1844.
Publication Info: New York : Harper, 1845.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Wars--1775-1783] [United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783]
Title: Buffalo Bill's wild West and congress of rough riders of the world : [programme]
Author: Buffalo Bill's Wild West Company.
Publication Info: Chicago : The Company, 1893.
subjects: [Buffalo Bill, 1846-1917] [Buffalo Bill's Wild West Company] [Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.)--Miscellanea] [Indians of North America--Wars--West (U.S.)--Miscellanea] [Cowboys--West (U.S.)--Biography] [West (U.S.)--History--1860-1890--Miscellanea]
Title: Captain Hall in America
Author: Biddle, Richard, 1796-1847.
Publication Info: Philadelphia : Carey & Lea, 1830.
subject: [Hall, Basil, 1788-1844. Travels in North America]
Title: The captive in Patagonia, or, Life among the giants : a personal narrative
Author: Bourne, Benjamin Franklin, 1816-1874.
Publication Info: Boston : Gould and Lincoln, 1853.
subjects: [Indians of South America--Patagonia (Argentina and Chile)] [Patagonia (Argentina and Chile)--Description and travel]
Title: Civilization of the Indian natives : or, a brief view of the friendly conduct of William Penn towards them in the early settlement of Pennsylvania ; the subsequent care of the Society of Friends in endeavouring to promote peace and friendship with them by pacific measures ; and a concise narrative of the proceedings of the yearly meeting of Friends, of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and parts adjacent, since the year 1795, in promoting their improvement and gradual civilization
Author: Jackson, Halliday, 1771-1835.
Publication Info: Philadelphia :, New York : Marcus T. C. Gould ;, Isaac T. Hopper, 1830.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Pennsylvania] [Seneca language--Glossaries, vocabularies, etc] [Seneca Indians--Missions] [Society of Friends--Missions] [Indians of North America--Missions]
Title: The Confederate States of America, 1861-1865 : a financial and industrial history of the South during the Civil War
Author: Schwab, John Christopher, 1865-1916.
Publication Info: New York : C. Scribner's Sons, 1901.
subjects: [Industries--Southern States] [Finance--Confederate States of America] [Confederate States of America--Economic conditions]
Title: The cradle of the Confederacy : or, The times of Troup, Quitman, and Yancey : A sketch of southwestern political history from the formation of the Federal Government to A.D. 1861
Author: Hodgson, Joseph, 1838-1913.
Publication Info: Mobile : Printed at the Register publishing office, 1876.
subjects: [Secession] [Confederate States of America--Politics and government] [Southern States--History--1775-1865] [Southwest, Old--History]
Title: Deck and port : or, Incidents of a cruise in the United States frigate Congress to California ; with sketches of Rio Janeiro, Valparaiso, Lima, Honolulu, and San Francisco
Author: Colton, Walter, 1797-1851.
Publication Info: New York :, Cincinnati : A.S. Barnes & Co. ;, H.W. Derby & Co., 1850.
subjects: [Congress (Frigate: 1841-1962)] [Voyages to the Pacific coast] [South America--Description and travel] [Honolulu (Hawaii)--Description and travel] [California--Description and travel]
Title: A declaration and remonstrance of the distressed and bleeding frontier inhabitants of the province of Pennsylvania : presented by them to the Honourable the governor and Assembly of the province, shewing the causes of their late discontent and uneasiness and the grievances under which they have laboured, and which they humbly pray to have redress'd.
Author: Smith, Matthew, fl. 18th cent.
Publication Info: Philadelphia : Printed by W. Bradford?, 1764.
subjects: [Paxton Boys] [Indians of North America--Pennsylvania] [Pennsylvania--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775]
Title: Discourse delivered before the New-York Historical Society : at their anniversary meeting, 6th December, 1811 / by the honourable DeWitt Clinton
Authors: Clinton, DeWitt, 1769-1828., New York Historical Society.
Publication Info: New York : Published by James Eastburn, 1812.
subjects: [Iroquois Indians] [Indians of North America--New York (State)]
Title: The discovery and conquests of the Northwest : including the early history of Chicago, Detroit, Vincennes, St. Louis, Ft. Wayne, Prairie du Chien, Marietta, Cincinnati, Cleveland, etc., etc., and incidents of pioneer life in the region of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley
Authors: Blanchard, Rufus, 1821-1904., Haines, Elijah M. (Elijah Middlebrook), 1822-1889.
Publication Info: Chicago : Cushing, Thomas & Co., 1880.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Northwest, Old] [Names, Indian--North America] [Northwest, Old--History] [Chicago (Ill.)--History]
Title: The discovery, settlement, and present state of Kentucke: and an essay towards the topography and natural history of that important country ; to which is added, an appendix, containing, I. The adventures of Col. Daniel Boon, one of the first settlers, comprehending every important occurrence in the political history of that province. II. The minutes of the Piankashaw council, held at Post St. Vincents, April 15, 1784. III. An account of the Indian nations inhabiting within the limits of the thirteen United States ... IV. The stages and distances between Philadelphia and the Falls of the Ohio ; from Pittsburg to Pensacola and several other places. The whole illustrated by a new and accurate map of Kentucke and the country adjoining, drawn from actual surveys
Author: Filson, John, approximately 1747-1788
Publication Info: Wilmington [Del.]: Printed by James Adams, 1784
subjects: [Kentucky--History--To 1792] [Indians of North America] [Boone, Daniel 1734-1820]
Title: The early Jesuit missions in North America / v.1
Authors: Kip, William Ingraham, 1811-1893., Jesuits. Letters from missions (North America).
Publication Info: London : Wiley and Putnam, 1847, c1846.
subjects: [Jesuits--Missions] [Indians of North America--Missions] [New France--Discovery and exploration]
Title: The early Jesuit missions in North America / v.2
Authors: Kip, William Ingraham, 1811-1893., Jesuits. Letters from missions (North America).
Publication Info: London : Wiley and Putnam, 1847, c1846.
subjects: [Jesuits--Missions] [Indians of North America--Missions] [New France--Discovery and exploration]
Title: Early history of western Pennsylvania : and of the West, and of western expeditions and campaigns, from MDCCLIV to MDCCCXXXIII
Authors: Rupp, I. Daniel (Israel Daniel), 1803-1878., Kauffman, Daniel W., b. 1819.
Publication Info: Pittsburg, Pa. :, Harrisburg, Pa. : D. W. Kaufman ;, W. O. Hickok, 1846.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Wars--1750-1815] [Ohio River Valley--History] [Pennsylvania--History] [Northwest, Old--History]
Title: An enquiry into the causes of the alienation of the Delaware and Shawanese Indians from the British interest : and into the measures taken for recovering their friendship ; extracted from the public treaties, and other authentic papers relating to the transactions of the government of Pensilvania and the said Indians, for near forty years ; and explained by a map of the country ; together with the remarkable journal of Christian Frederic Post, by whose negotiations, among the Indians on the Ohio, they were withdrawn from the interest of the French, who thereupon abandoned the fort and country ; with notes by the editor explaining sundry Indian customs, &c
Author: Thomson, Charles, 1729-1824.
Publication Info: London : Printed for J. Wilkie, 1759.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Pennsylvania--Treaties] [Delaware Indians] [Shawnee Indians]
Title: Essays on the present crisis in the condition of the American Indians
Author: Evarts, Jeremiah, 1781-1831.
Publication Info: Boston : Perkins & Marvin, 1829.
subjects: [Indians of North America--Government relations] [Cherokee Indians--Treaties]


text:
I have the same question. Where can one rent a room without food? 20 people
A birthday isn't a birthday without _A Happy Birthday to Song!_____. Please complete the above sentence with as many one word responses as you would like. If we get enough responses, I'll try to build a word cloud. It is OK if you use the same descriptors as others have, unique responses are great, too! Responses might, for example, include:FriendsFamilyCakeCandles RonRonald G. Shapiro, PhDEducation By EntertainmentBirthday Suggestions

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Not a Member?
Join Now!
Anal Sex, Big Cock, Cumshot, Oral Sex, Twink
Backroom discovery Turk Mason wandered into the Hot House offices looking for an opportunity to break into porn. With a twinkle in his eye and a devilish grin he told us he was a bottom who wanted to get fucked by a big dick. We showed him a few of the most recent guys we've interviewed and he chose Lex Sabre. It could have been Sabre's youthful good looks or charming smile that Mason liked, but we think it was his long, thick dick.
Turk Mason & Lex Sabre
Photos :


text:
The Native American Law Student Association (NALSA) welcomes all students interested in the study of Native American law and Indigenous Peoples issues generally. Through NALSA, students obtain and promote a greater understanding of indigenous values and perspectives within the law school community, support the recruitment and retention of Native American students, and organize networking opportunities with scholars, alumni and practitioners in the field.
OU NALSA is an active student organization that provides a community for future Indian law practitioners and arranges several social and enrichment activities each year. Annually, NALSA members compete in the National NALSA Moot Court Competition and attend the Federal Bar Association's Indian Law Conference. NALSA students also fundraise to support those activities and organize charitable events, for example, collecting toys and school supplies for local Native American children.
NALSA provides not only the opportunity to learn more about Indian law and culture but also opens the door to networking opportunities with legal professionals in the Native American community. In addition, NALSA is committed to service-oriented projects where you will have the opportunity to help make a positive influence in the community.
For more information about NALSA, click here to go to the national NALSA website (opens in new window).


text: Always pack a fish and a HP longboard...I live on the Outer banks and this has always served me well. I am not a longboarder....but man i feel like it sometimes. The boards just keep ya in the water more often...and if ya aint in the water ya aint surfing.....pure and simple


text:
Old World guy in a New World world
Despite the fact that my loyalty to my hardware borders on obsessively legendary (or just plain obsessive in legendary proportions), those of you who know me know that I'm a Mac guy. I've been a Mac guy since I started working on them at NBC in Burbank in the early '90s (okay, confessional: Bless me, Father, for I have sinned — I was on the script staff of the Saturday morning sitcom "Saved By the Bell" as the assistant script supervisor). Prior to that, I had built my own PC despite owning an Apple //c (that two-see in English) and leaned toward the Intel side until '92.
Over the years since my conversion in 1992, I've never strayed, facing the east toward Cupertino in homage (except for that one time that I cursed Steve Jobs for killing the Newton, because every Palm Pilot out there ever since could have been, and should have been, a Newton. But I digress . . . ). I was there when Apple circled the wagons in the mid-'90s, and I rode the crest of a victorious wave with the developments of the late '90s. Apple's hardware was never in doubt — it was always far superior than anything anyone else put out.
So my collection of hardware — with the exception of a G4 eMac that has been commandeered by my wife — has been of the beige and black variety: PowerBooks (1400, Wallstreet, a 160 somewhere in the house), a PowerMac 9500 with a Sonnet G3 upgrade and, the machine that I now use, a PowerMac G3 minitower, with G4 Sonnet upgrade and 544MB (2×256 plus a 32) RAM. Yes, they're all old by computer standards, but they all work pretty damn well, and I challenge anyone to prove the same for a Wintel box or laptop of the same age.
That makes me an Old World guy in a New World world.
I bring this up because it seems that the Linux cards are stacked against Old World Macs, which is a pity because Macs tend to live forever. With Apple systematically abandoning its legacy hardware — another pity: Could you imagine General Motors forsaking the 1957 Chevrolet? — it's not news, or a secret, that Linux developers would benefit from making Linux more available to those people with old Macs (I can't speak for old PCs, but it's probably the same situation, or not).
This is not to say it isn't. I know it is. My PEBCAK exploits in trying to get Linux on my Wallstreet — not to mention the masochistic exercise of trying to put NuBus Linux on the PowerBook 1400c — are the stuff legends are made of. Between the utility of BootX and the zen of miBoot (which seems to hold the answer to the question: What is the sound of one disk clapping?), there has to be a better way of getting Linux on older Macs.
Or not.


text:
How to Grab Fiama Di Wills Bathing Bar 125 g
- Visit here for offer page
- Click add to cart
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Free Shipping Tip: All orders paid through Net Banking, Credit Card, Debit Card, EMI and Wallet will be automatically upgraded at no extra Shipping cost to Snapdeal Gold. More Details here


text:
The ahem, modeling industry must not be paying too well these days. According to The NY Post, former Baywatch actress Traci Bingham was at Fenway Park last week with a group of five friends partying away with food and booze and lots of shots. When the bill came, Traci handed over her credit card and it was declined three times. I guess none of the other people she was with had any money so Traci and her group made a break for it. Traci was caught and escorted from Fenway by police there but apparently there were no charges filed. I guess someone came up with the money. when her card was declined she pulled the don't you know who I am card. I hope the answer was no, because does anyone know who she is any longer? She then asked for a discount but that request was denied to.
It is not so much that her card was declined that makes this that interesting. It is that she chose to dine and dash AFTER she told them who she was. Even if she made it out of the stadium, police would have found her. Plus, between five people they couldn't come up with the money?


text:
Leaders at the African Student Union at Cal State Long Beach hastily organized an "I Am Trayvon Martin" rally from 6 to 9 p.m. at Bixby Park in Long Beach Sunday night.
When he heard the verdict of not guilty Saturday, Taharka Anderson, president of the student club, said he was shocked.
"This goes to show us that America is not as post-racial as we would like to believe," he said.
Anderson and others hoped to use this case as a rallying point to spur the black community and others to participate in social justice causes and get involved with local agencies.
"If we really care about justice, then we need to get involved in our communities," Anderson said.
Sunday's event will include speakers and dialogue about how individuals can make a different. Participants were asked to wear hoodie sweatshirts and bring candles.


text:
Schecter Guitar Research SGR C-7 7 String Electric Guitar
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Schecter Guitar Research
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Pure style and unmatched affordabilty. Order the new SGR by Schecter today.


text:
Remembering Edith Head's Old Hollywood
Ever since Gwyneth Paltrow donned that white hot Tom Ford cape at the 2012 Oscars, we've been set on attempting a cape moment of our own. Lucky for us, a host of designers showed very wearable cape options for fall 2013 (that don't require a red-carpet invitation). Here, the perfect cape for any occasion, and everything you need to wear with it.
A turtleneck sweater, jeans, and sleek booties are easy, go-to items that will look good with almost any cape. Make the outfit stand out by carrying a statement clutch, like this "Cool" one from Lanvin.
H&M Cape, $99; hm.com; Chinti and Parker Cashmere Turtleneck Sweater, $455; net-a-porter.com; Current/Elliott The Ankle Skinny Mid-Rise Jeans, $240; net-a-porter.com; Jil Sander Chunky-Heel Leather Ankle Boots, $920; net-a-porter.com; Saint Laurent Bold Havana Acetate Sunglasses, $300; forzieri.com; Lanvin Top Zip Clutch, $870, farfetch.com
Kate Moss, Guinevere Van Seenus, and Amber Valletta in Craig McDean's Eyes


text:
News Release
City of Roseville
Public Affairs & Communications Office
311 Vernon St.
Roseville, CA 95678
Phone: (916) 774-5362
Subject :
Plan Roseville's Forest of the Future
Contact :
Pam Allen, Communications and Marketing Analyst, Parks & Recreation Department 916-746-1251
The City of Roseville needs your input--and your neighbors', co-workers', friends', and relatives' input,--for the Urban Forest Master Plan, which will impact the future of trees and planting around Roseville.
Participants who come to the public meetings will learn about the state of Roseville's urban forest, and will have the opportunity to provide detailed input about tree protection, maintenance and planting.
"Upon completion, the Urban Forest Master Plan will serve as a road map for making strategic decisions about Roseville's trees" said Roseville's Urban Forester Michael Neumann. "More importantly it will provide a shared vision for the future of the urban forest to inspire and engage residents in the care and protection of trees."
There are two public workshops in October in addition to an online survey. The first workshop will be held at 6:30pm on Thursday, October 11 at Martha Riley Community Library, 1501 Pleasant Grove Blvd. The second public workshop begins at 6:30pm on Tuesday, October 23 at Maidu Community Center, 1550 Maidu Drive. The online survey will be available after October 10 at


text: If you're looking to jumpstart an ambient lighting project and could use a controller with out-of-the-box iOS and Android support, you might want to check out the iGloLEDset from MEA Mobile. They've currently got a 5V kit that comes with a nice iOS/Android app to mix color gradients on-the-fly from your mobile device. They're also working on a 12V version that should work with a wider lighting selection. [Thanks, Bruce!]


text:
The term "liver disease" applies to many diseases and disorders that cause the liver to function improperly or stop functioning. Abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or abnormal results of liver function tests suggest you have liver disease.
See also:
Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2011:chap 148.


text:
Scenes In and Around British Headquarters
The Film
Running Time
04 min
British Topical Committee for War Films
Arrival of General Cadorna, the Italian
Commander-in-Chief, on the British zone of the Western
Front for the Allied Commanders'
Conference of 12 March 1916.
Cadorna arrives at Calais on board a British destroyer, met by British, French and Italian liaison officers. He leaves for British headquarters at St-Omer. In the main square of the town Cadorna (described as "the French commander') presents medals to men of the Canadian Corps. A march past follows and the decorated men are chaired across the square by their fellows. On leaving, Cadorna walks with Field Marshal Haig past a guard of honour of the Artists Rifles into the railway station, where the two men shake hands in farewell. (Note in the scene of Cadorna's arrival at Calais the British official photographer, Ernest Brooks, at work.)
The British Topical Committee for War Films publicity for this film adds a subtitle "The Spirit which animates the Allies is one of complete and cordial co-operation".
Pieces of History
The Incomparable Seventy-one : Canada's Victoria Cross Winners
Arthur Bishop
A former Irish-born constable with the North West Mounted Police, Michael O'Leary became the first of 71 Canadians in the Great War to be awarded the VC, that highly prized decoration for valour. Out of a nation of less than nine million, this represented more per capita than in any other Commonwealth country.
On February 1, 1915 at Cuinchy in northern France, O'Leary single-handedly put an enemy machine gun out of action, killing eight Germans and taking two prisoners. "Mick" also became famous as the only VC honoured with a wax effigy at Madame Tussaud's.
In April that year, during the Ypres poison gas attacks, the first two posthumous Canadian VCs—of 29 such in 1914–1918—were awarded. Machine-gunner Fred Fisher lost his life fending off German attacks while alone. Rifleman William Hall was killed by a bullet to the head rescuing a wounded comrade under fire. Two other VCs awarded for valour in that battle were infantryman Edward Bellew and medical officer Francis Scrimger.
At the Battle of Givenchy on June 15—his 47th birthday—machine-gunner Frederick Campbell was awarded the third posthumous VC for dispersing an enemy counterattack all by himself.
In 1916, during the bitter battles of the Somme, four more Canadians were added to the VC roster. Leo Clarke, armed only with a revolver, killed 19 Germans; John "Chip" Kerr led an attack that forced 62 Germans to surrender. Thomas Wilkinson was killed rescuing a wounded comrade. Jimmy Richardson gave his life to rally his comrades by piping Highland airs while on the march under enemy rifle and machine-gun fire at the height of battle.
Altogether, the capture of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917 yielded six Canadian VCs. Frederick Harvey led a cavalry charge to capture Guyencourt stronghold two weeks before the assault. On the morning of the attack, Thain MacDowell single-handedly took 75 Germans prisoner. Willie Milne, Ellis Sifton and John Pattison were killed silencing machine-gun nests. On May 3 in the wake of the battle, Robert Combe led an assault on Acheville, capturing 80 prisoners before being killed by a sniper's bullet.
The following month a new dimension to the VC scenario was added when, at dawn on June 2, Billy Bishop became the first of three Canadian airmen to be awarded the medal—in Bishop's case, for a solo raid on an enemy aerodrome in which he destroyed three German planes.
Between August 15–25, 1917, six Canadians were rewarded with the VC for their bravery during the battle of Hill 70, three posthumously: to Harry Brown, a 19-year-old messenger; Frederick "Hobbie" Hobson, a Boer War veteran; and company commander Okill Learmonth. Two Irish emigrants, platoon leader Robert Hanna and stretcher bearer Mickey O'Rourke, also won the decoration. The most flamboyant of the six was Filip Konowal, a Russian army veteran who employed his skills as a bayonet instructor to flush out 16 Germans from machine-gun nests concealed in tunnels, craters, dugouts and cellars.
During the murderous Battle of Passchendaele (October 30–November 10) in which Canadians suffered 1,600 casualties, nine VCs were awarded. Collectively six of them, Tommy Holmes, Colin Barron, Robert Shankland, Christopher Kelly, George Mullin and Hugh McKenzie, who was killed, captured nine enemy pillboxes and took 303 Germans prisoner.
Others cited for the VC were Cecil "Hoodoo" Kinross, who subdued a machine-gun nest head-on; future Minister of National Defence George Pearkes, who directed the capture of a stronghold while severely wounded; and James Robertson, killed while destroying an enemy machine-gun.
Two other VCs were linked to Passchendaele—one two weeks prior, the other three weeks afterwards: Philip Bent was killed directing the defence of Polygon Wood and Harcus Strachan led a cavalry charge to capture Bourlon Wood.
During the "Great Retreat" between March 21–June 10, 1918, four VCs were awarded to Canadians holding the line against the German breakthrough. Three were killed: Edmund De Wind on the first day at Grougie; cavalryman Gordon Flowerdew at the Bois de Moreuil on March 30; and Joseph Kaeble on the night of June 7/8 at Neuville-Vitasse. For his action at Gravelle, fending off a German night attack April 27/28, George McKean's citation read: "His leadership has at all times been above praise."
Meanwhile on March 27, for gallantry in the air, Alan "Bus" McLeod became the second Canadian airman to be awarded the VC. In a furious fight with the von Richthofen Flying Circus over Douai, though wounded, he struggled to bring his burning bomber to earth, while he and his observer shot down two enemy fighters.
Elsewhere, in the Middle East on May 1, during the capture of Jericho in Jerusalem from the Turks, Edward Cruickshank received the VC for running a message to headquarters asking for reinforcements, despite being wounded eight times by five explosive bullets to his legs and three to his arms and wrist.
And on May 9, during the operation to block the entrance to the U-boat base at Bruges, while serving with the Royal Navy, Rowland Bourke became the only Canadian sailor to be awarded the VC in World War I. Captaining a rescue launch, he saved over 40 survivors from a British cruiser loaded with ammunition that had run aground and exploded.
At the outset of the 100 Days (August 8–November 11, 1918) assault spearheaded by the Canadian Corps that ended the war, four VCs were awarded, three posthumously—to Jean Brillant, John Croak and Harry Miner. The lone VC survivor, Herman Good, was cited for capturing three enemy gun emplacements by overwhelming their crews in hand-to-hand combat.
Over the next five days, other Canadian VC recipients were Ralph Zengel, Alexander Brereton, Frederick Coppins, Denison Thomas, James Thomas and Robert Small, the last two posthumously. The citation to Zengel's award: "For his utter disregard for personal safety, and the confidence he inspired..." was applicable to all six.
At the end of August, Charlie Rutherford and William "C.K" Kennedy added the VC to their laurels, making them by war's end the most decorated officers in the Canadian army, by virtually winning the Battle of the Scarpe themselves. Rutherford captured 40 Germans; and Kennedy, though badly wounded, continued to direct his company under intense enemy shelling.
The capture of the Drocourt-Queant Line on September 2 earned seven Canadians the coveted medal, a record for a single day unequalled by any other Commonwealth nation: Cy Peck, Walter Rayfield, Bill Metcalf, Bellenden Hutcheson, John Young and two others, posthumously; Claude Nunney, who killed 20 Germans and Arthur Knight, who took an equal number of enemy prisoners.
Six Canadians won the VC during the last major battle of the war, culminating in the capture of Cambrai on October 9, 1918: George Kerr; Milton Gregg, a future cabinet minister; John McGregor; William Merrifield; Samuel Honey, posthumously; and explosive-expert, engineer Norman Mitchell, who was responsible for its capitulation by preventing the Germans from blowing up the main Pont d'Air bridge over the Canal de l'Escaudoeuvres, a crucial point for control of the city.
Before the war ended, four more Canadians were added to the list of VCs. On October 11, after leading the capture of Iwuy, Wallace Algie was killed returning to his battalion for reinforcements. Three days later, while leading an attack on a German stronghold, Thomas Ricketts, at 17, became the youngest man in the Commonwealth to win the medal. On October 27, Billy Barker—the third Canadian airman to win the VC—staged "the greatest combat in the annals of the war in the air," battling 60 German fighters alone. Wounded in both legs, his left elbow fractured, he shot down five of them before losing consciousness and crashing into a shell-hole.
Hugh Cairns was the last Canadian of World War I to win the Victoria Cross and the last to whom it was awarded posthumously. In a firefight at Valenciennes on November 1, 1918, he killed 17 Germans and forced another 78 to surrender before being mortally wounded by an enemy bullet to his stomach.
Selected Bibliography
Bishop, Arthur. Our Bravest and Our Best: The Stories of Canada's Victoria Cross Winners. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1995.
Cave, Joy B. Two Newfoundland V.C.s. St. John's, NF: Creative Printers & Publishers, 1984.
Sorobey, Ron. "Filip Konowal, VC: The Rebirth of a Canadian Hero." Canadian Military History 5, 2 (Autumn 1996): 44-56.
Swettenham, John. Valiant Men: Canada's Victoria Cross and George Cross Winners. Toronto: Hakkert, 1973.
The Commanders
Patrick H. Brennan
Military Historian
When the Canadian Expeditionary Force began to take shape in the autumn of 1914, the majority of its future commanding officers had been pursuing their business and professional careers only weeks earlier. Even those with some pre-war militia experience were still amateur warriors who would have to learn how to command soldiers while actually fighting a war. Combat would prove a cruel and unforgiving teacher, and the mistakes they made learning how to command would cost men's lives.
Arthur Currie: the first Canadian to command the Canadian Corps
Arthur Currie began the war in command of a brigade of 4000 men. He had earned his appointment on the recommendation of Garnet Hughes, a fellow British Columbia militia officer who happened to be the son of Canada's Minister of Militia and Defence, the erratic, meddling and militarily incompetent Sir Sam Hughes. During the early stages of the war, Hughes personally selected almost every senior officer in the army, and far too many of them were friends and political cronies who proved unfit for their commands and ultimately had to be replaced. Nothing in Currie's background as a school teacher and realtor with a smattering of militia experience made him stand out. Yet he turned out to be a fast learner and superb leader whose military skills quickly blossomed. By 1916 he was recognized as the best of the senior Canadian officers. A year later, he was the obvious choice to be the first Canadian to command the Corps, a responsibility he carried out with distinction through the rest of the war.
As the Canadians desperately struggled to overcome their inexperience, they were fortunate to have the guidance of some very capable British officers such as Lieutenant-General Julian Byng and his chief staff officer, Major-General Percy Radcliffe. First-rate professional soldiers, they identified the most promising Canadian commanders, mentored them, and, when they proved their worth, promoted them to more responsible commands. Consequently, by 1917 the Canadian Corps had assembled a pool of very capable, battle-experienced Canadian commanding officers.
Two of the brigade commanders, Brigadier-Generals James MacBrien and Victor Odlum, were typical of this group. MacBrien was a professional soldier, one of only a handful of such Canadian commanders. After initially serving as a staff officer, Byng gave MacBrien command of the 12th Infantry Brigade in September 1916, just before this untested unit received their first taste of combat.
After serving in the South African War, Odlum had returned to Vancouver where he'd built up a prosperous financial and insurance business. He saw action with the 7th Battalion at Second Ypres, the Canadians' first battle, taking over command of the battalion when Lt. Col. McHarg was killed. Byng promoted him to the command of the 11th Brigade in July 1916 and like MacBrien, he led his brigade until the Armistice. MacBrien's style was studious and reserved, and his forte was training and planning. In contrast, Odlum was a dashing, fearless battlefield commander who had the wounds to prove it. Although they displayed two very different styles of command, both were effective.
Unlike earlier wars, the sheer scale of World War I battles and the breakdown of communications during the fighting actually made it impossible for generals to control the attacks they launched. What they could do, however, was utilize the weeks before an assault to prepare for every possible battlefield contingency – in other words, to emphasize thorough planning and training.
From amateurs to an elite force
By the end of 1916, the British Empire forces were adopting new, more effective fighting tactics. This was particularly true in the Canadian Corps, where Byng, Radcliffe and Currie had inaugurated a highly efficient system of "organized learning." The officers and soldiers doing the fighting now compiled "after battle" reports outlining in detail what had succeeded and what had failed. Whether it was tactics or weaponry, the Corps' commanders placed a premium on figuring out better ways to fight, emphasizing to every officer and soldier how vital absorbing the lessons of the "battlefield classroom" was to the survival and success of them all. Henceforward, something of value learned by one battalion would be speedily adopted by the rest simply by making it part of everyone's training. Lessons now learned in an organized way were applied in an organized way, too. More than any other factor, mastering this "learning curve" was responsible for transforming the Canadian Corps from an enthusiastic mob of amateurs into an elite attack force, the "shock troops" of the British Empire. Officers, and especially senior commanders, had played an indispensable role.
Battalion commanders
One group of commanders shared the dual responsibility of preparing their soldiers and then leading them in battle—the commanding officers of the Corps' 48 infantry battalions. Of the 200-odd men who commanded a Canadian battalion, 22 were killed in action and many more were wounded. Along with the junior officers under them, they were in charge of most of the soldiers' actual training. They also had the critical responsibility of maintaining the health, morale and unit pride of their men, and often organized sports, concerts and other entertainments with this end in mind.
Battalion commanders were the most senior officers their men actually knew and saw regularly, and who shared their daily risks and grim living conditions at the front. As a result, the men looked to them for inspiration and confidence, and a brave and skilful battalion commander could keep his men going under the most appalling conditions. Lieutenant-Colonel Cyrus Peck was one such officer. He'd enlisted in the 16th Battalion in 1914, fought with it at Second Ypres and commanded it from November 1916 until the end of the war. Although the stocky, walrus-moustached Peck was hardly the most military-looking of commanding officers, he was fearless, and none of his soldiers doubted who ran their unit. During the storming of the Drocourt-Quéant Line on September 2, 1918, such leadership won Peck the Victoria Cross. When stiff German resistance blocked his battalion's advance, he exposed himself to heavy artillery and machine-gun fire in order to reconnoitre enemy positions, then re-organized what was left of his men and led them to capture and hold their objective.
Armies are hierarchical organizations, and the quality of command plays an enormous role in their ultimate success. Even the bravest and best-equipped troops will fail in battle if they are asked to execute a flawed plan, or if the officers directing them in the heat of combat make poor decisions. As the war progressed, the best commanders worked their way to the top of the Canadian Corps. Consequently, planning was sound, and Canadian soldiers were prepared for battle using the most effective tactics learned from earlier combat experiences. Once the battle began, brave and skilled leadership by battalion commanders and the junior officers who followed their lead contributed mightily to the chance for victory. By the last two years of the war, the quality of commander in the Canadian Corps was outstanding, as an unbroken string of victories attests.
Selected Bibliography
Brennan, Patrick. "From Amateur to Professional: The Experience of Brigadier General William Antrobus Griesbach." in Canada and the Great War, Briton Busch, ed. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003 : 78-92.
---. "A Still Untold Story of the Canadian Corps: Byng's and Currie's Commanders." Canadian Military History 11, 2 (Spring 2002): 5-16.
Brennan, Patrick and Thomas Leppard. "How the Lessons Were Learned: Senior Commanders and the Moulding of the Canadian Corps after the Somme" in Canada and War: 1000-2000, Yves Tremblay, ed. Ottawa: Canadian War Museum, 2001.
Dancocks, Daniel. Sir Arthur Currie: A Biography. Toronto: Methuen, 1985.
Hyatt, A.M.J. General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military Biography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987.
McCulloch, Ian. "'Batty Mac': Portrait of a Brigade Commander of the Great War, 1915-1917." Canadian Military History 7, 4 (Autumn 1998): 11-28.
Swettenham, John. McNaughton, Vol. I: 1887-1939. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1968.
Tremblay, Yves. "Brutinel: A Unique Kind of Leadership." in Warrior Chiefs. Bernd Horn and Stephen Harris, eds. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2001.
Other Materials
Canadian Operations, January-March 19l6
In accordance with the policy of "wearing down" the enemy the Canadians carried out their orders to harass the Germans by sniping, raiding, and surprise artillery shoots. The second night of the new year saw some 65 members of the 25th Battalion (5th Brigade) adopt a device only recently introduced into trench warfare. To achieve surprise, the raiding party cut the enemy's wire by hand rather than with the artillery. Ironically enough, the experiment proved too successful. The wire-cutting group completed its task before the assault group was ready to enter the gap; and in the meantime a German wiring party discovered and repaired the damage, making the obstacle much stronger than before. The approach of daylight obliged the raiders to withdraw. Not long after this the enemy introduced tempered steel wire, and hand-cutting became a very slow and difficult process.
In the early morning of January 31 1916 the 6th Brigade staged a more eventful raid against the enemy's Spanbroekmolen salient, near the centre of the Canadian sector. Brig.-Gen. Ketchen's various objects were to obtain prisoners for identification purposes, to injure the enemy's morale and destroy his works, and to kill Germans - all in the shortest possible time. Picked parties of 30 men from the 28th and 29th Battalions were given special training at the brigade bombing school. After scouts had cut the wire at great risk the two parties, working to a pre-arranged schedule, crossed no man's land shortly before 2:40 a.m. and reached the German trenches at points 1100 yards apart.
As the raiders' bombs burst among them the startled enemy were further unnerved
by the terrifying appearance of the Canadians, who had blackened their faces with burnt cork. The Vancouverites (29th Battalion), encountering little resistance, secured three prisoners, bombed the enemy in his dug-outs and in four and a half minutes were on their way back to their front line, which they reached without loss of life. The men of the 28th remained in the German trench for eight minutes, the limit allowed by the brigade staff. A German relief was in progress when they attacked, and the Canadian bombs took terrible toll of the clustering enemy. In the return journey across no man's land their prisoners were killed by enemy machine-gun fire. The raid was considered a marked success and attracted great attention along the entire British front. Three German regiments opposing the 6th Brigade had been identified, the total cost to the Canadians being two killed and ten wounded.
Between February 8 and 19 the Germans launched a series of diversionary attacks against French and British positions in preparation for their Verdun offensive. One such attack fell on "The Bluff", a low tree-covered mound on the north bank of the Ypres-Comines Canal, in the sector held by the British 5th Corps. In bitter fighting the enemy captured The Bluff on the 14th, only to lose it seventeen days later to a well-mounted counter-attack.25 Although not directly involved in the fighting, the Canadian Corps assisted its British neighbours with artillery support and by taking over the southernmost 700 yards of the 5th Corps' front on the 17th - a relief which extended the Canadian sector to the outskirts of the ruins of St. Eloi.26 The Canadian operations in this period brought distinction to a member of the 1st Brigade. For conspicuous bravery under a heavy bombardment on March 18, Corporal R. Millar of the 1st Battalion received the Military Medal - the first Canadian to be so honoured. (The M.M., inscribed "For bravery in the field", had been instituted only that month. At first reserved for N.C.Os. and men, it was later awarded also to warrant officers.)
Canadian battle casualties in the first three months of 1916 numbered 546 killed, 1,543 wounded, three gassed and one taken prisoner. There were 667 accidents and other non-battle casualties, of which 20 proved fatal. In spite of weather and living conditions the health of the troops was good; though there were cases of influenza, paratyphoid, and - trench feet.
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.119-121.


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U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder this week strained to convince Senators that federal prosecutors exercised "good prosecutorial discretion" in handling the indictment of 26-year-old Aaron Swartz. Yet his testimony before the Senate Judiciary committee raised more questions than it answered.
Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) drove home that point as he pressed the Attorney General about whether prosecutors had "bullied" Swartz with the threat of a long sentence for "rather minor" alleged crimes. Holder countered that a plea deal had been offered to Swartz -- and rejected -- in which Swartz would have had to serve just three months' time.
At a broader level, the exchange between the Attorney General and the Judiciary Committee shines a spotlight on inconsistencies in the justice system. Cyber criminals seem to face disproportionately aggressive prosecution and sentencing -- while major financial institutions that had a role in creating the financial crisis remain, by the attorney general's own admission, untouchable.
Was the plea deal real?
Swartz took his own life last January after facing 13 felony charges in a Massachusetts federal court -- including computer intrusion, wire fraud, and data theft -- stemming from allegations that he stole millions of scholarly articles and documents from an MIT subscription-based service called JSTOR. He potentially faced 35 years of jail time, along with a fine of up to $1 million.
Holder defended the way U.S. Attorney Carmen Ortiz and her team handled the indictment against Swartz. He assured senators that Swartz had offered several different plea bargains, starting with one for a three-month sentence presenting Swartz with the indictment. "After ... the indictment, an offer was made that he could plead and serve four months. Even after that, a plea offer was made of a range of from zero to six months that he would be able to argue for a probationary sentence. The government would be able to argue for up to a period of six months," Holder said.
Holder's testimony prompted Cornyn to ask one of the key questions of the entire case: "Does it strike you as odd that the government would indict someone for crimes that would carry penalties of up to 35 years in prison and million dollar fines and then offer him a three- or four-month prison sentence?"
Holder sidestepped the question, but he assured the committee that his office had performed a thorough investigation of how federal prosecutors handled the Swartz case. He said the prosecutors -- who took over the case from the Middlesex County district attorney's office -- employed a "good use of prosecutorial discretion" in offering the various plea deals that were "consistent with what the nature of [Swartz's] conduct."
Why the ton of bricks?
Holder's assurances didn't satisfy Cornyn, and understandably so. Consider what Swartz allegedly did: He entered a server room on the MIT campus, connected his computer to the network, and used his legitimate, unlimited access to JSTOR to download 4.8 million documents. He didn't hack anything. He didn't make and distribute illegal copies. The worst thing Swartz may have done is trespass.


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The city of Williston will host the 2012 Levy County Veterans Day Parade, ceremony and free lunch for veterans on Veteran's Day, Monday, Nov. 12, but there will be other activities — a breakfast, luncheons, free admission to state parks — honoring those who answered the call to serve their country.
Activities kicked off on Wednesday, Oct. 31, with a breakfast for veterans hosted by Haven Hospice of the Tri-Counties at their care facility in Chiefland.
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I want to develop a mobile version of a website, and I was wondering what was the best way to add it to a page. I know the classic way (media=handheld) but I've seen a lot of buzz about media queries lately, but if I understood it right they are not supported but every browser yet.
So my question is: what is the best way to do it, knowing that I need to support especially the iPhone and Blackberries?
Media queries are the way the go I believe. I don't know much about them though. Here are my thoughts on mobile versions...
This is what I think. I think the "mobile version" is a fad that will die. I have a iPhone. I hate mobile versions. They are always striped down - dumbed down versions of the full site. Why do I want that??? Especially when my iPhone is perfectly capable of displaying the site faster and better than my XP? This is why I don't bother.
What I do on my site is simply give alternate content for unsupported mobile things. No "download java/flash for better experience messages". 99.99% of users ignore those links/messages anyway.
I went with media queries, after reading a couple of articles on the subject.
About what you wrote, I appreciate mobile versions of websites a lot instead. They are striped down versions of the original because the screen size doesn't allow you to use the original version very easily, and so it's preferable to have a faster and easier to browse version, even if it's not always complete, as you say.In any case, you always have the possibility to select the original version, even on a mobile device, so I don't think it hurts to have the possibility to choose
And, by the way, I often prefer the mobile versions of websites, because they just keep the relevant information: no banners, no annoying flash stuff, just the important things.
That's cool. Each his own. YouTube is a good example. There is some funtionality in the mobile version I need and the same for the full version. It's obvious how to go from the full site to the mobile site. But if you need to go back to mobile thre is no link. You have to go clear cookies in the settings and then go back. Lots of sites have those inconsistencies. Just added stepps while browsing. I do 99% of my web browsing on my iPhone so maybe I'm different than the average.
What you say is true, but the problem is easily solved when the site has a subdomain just for the mobile version (for example m.sitename or mobile.sitename). If you want to go back to the mobile version you just type this url again
Eric, you make a good point. Those who want a mobile version have it available in case the "real" site overwhelms their phone, and those who are fine using the regular version won't bother hunting for the mobile version. And you're right, no one does the "download java/flash for better experience" bit.
Additionally, I, and most people I presume, become accustom to the way a site looks and feels. Mobile versions rairly look/feel anything like their full version. I personally feel like I'm missing something when I'm just looking and a bland screen with some text.
This also comes up to the designer's skills, if they are very good they can make the mobile version feel like the original one.
I've been building all my sites "for mobile" and then layering on "desktop" css using media queries.
Any user agent who doesn't support media queries will at least get the basic layout of the page and everything functions.
User agents who do support media queries get some extra goodness. The exception here is IE: I just give IE less than 9 the desktop styles. This does suck for IE6 on mobile, but, tough.
I haven't done it yet but I'm going to make use of the isMedia() function to keep JS away from those loading only the simple css.
The (well-built) mobile versions of sites are better than the desktop versions because-they do everything you need without the bull-no downloading 300MB of scripts and images that are just fluff-cleaner interface means better usability
The above unfortunately isn't true of all (or even most?) mobile versions of sites. I am of course talking about a Utopia. : )


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Orem • Kyle Foy sat alone on a folding chair in the corner of the arena.
A pair of big, red headphones draped over his bleached blond hair and pumped Eminem into his ears. He let his eyes wander up for a minute to the stands, filled with as many people as live in his hometown of Altamont.
"It's fun," he said. "It gets you up, gets you going."
The 170-pound senior has been here before twice claiming a state championship so he doesn't need a lot of time to prepare for a match.
Even if he did, his younger brother, 160-pound Rylee Foy, wouldn't have given him much. The sophomore, who won a state championship as a freshman, pinned his semifinal opponent in 1 minute, 35 seconds.
Kyle Foy wasn't about to be outdone.
The elder Foy shot the right leg of Duchesne's Kaleb Litster, chopped him down and turned him over. As Lister struggled, Foy wrapped a leg around his opponent's shoulder. The referee slapped the mat after just 27 seconds.
"I don't want to hear it from my little brother," said Foy, who also pinned Panguitch's Hunter Owens in 27 seconds in the first round.
The Foy brothers are two of Altamont's top wrestlers, and have helped lift the Longhorns to a 132-113 lead over second-place Monticello after the first day of the Class 1A championships. Wayne sits in a distant third place after Day 1, with a score of 68.5.
"I expect a championship out of this," Kyle Foy said of his team's goals.
The Longhorns are without 138-pound Chance Goodrich. The senior, who won a championship at 145 pounds last year, was injured in a car crash.
"We've stepped it up and we're doing this together," Kyle Foy said. "We're doing this for him."


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I haven't noticed any signal issues since upgrading to 6.1 but I have noticed the battery appears to drain faster than when I was on 5.1.1. The main apps I reinstalled are LockInfo, Springtomize2, FolderEnhancer, PhotoAlbums+, Switchy and Zephyr. I recently added Auxo and Ayecon theme.
I now need to charge twice a day rather than one. Now that all of the main apps and tweaks are installed an not accessing Cydia as much, I can see if the battery will last longer.
Auxo has some known issues that the developers are updating. For me one of them was battery drain. For other people Auxo has created no battery drain. In location services/system services make sure you turn off everything in that window except traffic and compass calibration. The rest you will never need are known to be huge battery drains. And updating your system resets all of them to "on".
Have little problem
I updatet my 4S from 5.0.1 to 6.1 and from then my wifi is greyed out and the battery sucks.
Can someone please tell me is there a solution to fix this problems that i have.
On my iPhone 4- i updated the iOS using the DFU mode and then restore and chose the iOS that i had downloaded earlier and the funny part is, the weather icon shows 23 instead of 73 like it usually is lol. But the phone works just fine. My iPhone 4S is a different story. The battery seems to be going down a lot quicker compared to my iPad 2 where both have the same tweaks- strange.
Any chance I can save my shsh on the device it's self (IP4s) case you was wondering lol.
How do I do that? Don't you mean I can do that on a Pc or mac. I need to do it on my iPhone. My lead is broken.
FYI- tried doing iTunes update of my iPhone 4S from jailbroken 6.1 to 6.1.1 today. Failed with some iTunes error- can't recall which. Had to do a clean DFU mode install of 6.1.1 and then full Restore from backup. Like watching paint dry...
Good news is that I have PKGBackup to hopefully get me back to where I was with 6.1 after days of work.


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The Idolaters Were Not Mainline Jews or Mainline Christians - Re: Pagan Influences - This data might surprise you.
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[quote:Spitting Into The Wind:MV8yMDc3MjM4XzM1MzE2MDgyXzI3QjdDQUFG] [quote:Salt:MV8yMDc3MjM4XzM1MzE2MDE2X0YxMThCNUZG] [quote:Spitting Into The Wind:MV8yMDc3MjM4XzM1MzE1OTk5X0I0MUFCNjA3] You listen to the Byte Show, don't you? [/quote] never heard of it [/quote] I am surprised. I just heard the guy who took over the ASKELM ministry read the article on the site last week: http://www.thebyteshow.com/DavidSielaff.html [/quote]
Original Message
The people who mixed pagan designs on synagogue walls and on their tombs along with Jewish themes were not Jews under Rabbinic control. This can be shown in various ways. Besides the lack of reference to these pagan practices in any contemporary Jewish literature of the period, the same lack of reference can be shown in records maintained by our Christian authorities who lived from the second to the sixth centuries. This is an important point to consider because our early Christian authorities were well versed in matters concerning the Jews and their teachings. Because the majority of Christians felt that the Jews and their religion were under a ban from God because of their rejection of Jesus as the Christ, the Christians watched with a hawk's eye any activity by the Jewish authorities which would demonstrate this lapse from God as they viewed it to be.
In this regard, Christian testimony about the Jews and their doctrines becomes an important witness to the faithfulness of the mainline Jewish people in abhorring idolatrous themes and having nothing to do with idolatry or its practices.
In showing this Christian testimony, one must be aware that during the period from the second to the sixth centuries of our era, most Jews and Christians were quite hostile to the doctrines of each other and we know that each party was looking for ways to denigrate the other. There was little friendliness between the two groups (the only exception being the dialogue between Trypho the Jew and Justin Martyr in the middle of the 2nd century).
But even though Jews and Christians were virtual enemies during this period, and with Christians trying desperately in many public debates to show what they considered to be the error of Jewish beliefs, it is significant that not once (in all mainline Christian literature that has come down to us from those times) do the Christians blame the Jewish people for practicing any form of idolatry.
The central accusation that Christians had of Jews was their refusal to accept Jesus as the prophesied Messiah and what Christians considered was their allegorizing away some plain scriptures which prophesied of the Messiah that Christians believed were fulfilled by Jesus. That's it!
There is not a word of Christians accusing the Jews as a whole or as individuals who were mainline Jews of the slightest idolatrous acts after the fall of Jerusalem in C.E. 70. and up to and including the 6th century.
This is a highly important point because this was the very period when Christians and Jews were battling one another over many doctrinal disputes. But the practice of idolatry by the Jews (that is, the making or using of idols, paintings, symbols, etc. in their synagogues or burial places) was a subject that never came up among mainline Christians. At no time did they consider mainline Jews as practicing idolatry.
Some might believe, however, that the reason Christians did not censure the Jews for adopting pagan ways
(as the archaeological remains we have mentioned in the first two chapters of this book seemingly suggest)
is because the Christians were themselves beginning to indulge in the same practice of using pagan motifs in their religious services.
Some people believe that even mainline Christians were engaged in doing the same thing starting with the second and third centuries. This is because at Dura Europos was also found a small Christian church near the synagogue and it also had pagan paintings on its walls.
It showed Jesus as the pagan god Orpheus.
This discovery of an early mid-3rd century church having a painting of Orpheus as Jesus is the first example of Christian folk who violated the second command against the use of images or idols.
In this first depiction, Jesus is shown beardless and not with long feminine hair which became the later portrayal of Jesus from the mid-4th century onward.
This latter portrayal of Jesus having long hair and a beard like the pagan gods Zeus (Sarapis) or Askelepios the pagan god of healing only came into vogue with the advent of Constantine and his family.
The discovery of this church at Dura Europos with its pagan paintings in a similar way to the synagogue of the same period that was not far away, would normally suggest to historians that Christian testimony about the idolatry of the Jews at the time was probably not forthcoming since Christians were themselves practicing idolatrous actions. And this is true enough among certain groups who were calling themselves Christians.
The "orthodox" Christians referred to them as "Gnostics"; those who were mixing pagan themes with those of the Holy Scriptures
(we will speak about these people shortly and discuss their idolatrous ways).
But for mainline Christianity (which is normally called "orthodox Christianity" today), every single authority up to the time of Constantine condemned the slightest practice of idolatry among Christians as well as did the mainline Jews.
The following excerpts from early historical documents (which I will soon give) show the opposition by several Christian theologians during and soon after the time of Constantine to the pagan portrayals of Jesus that were just beginning to be distributed amongst orthodox Christians.
With the advent of Constantine, Christian attitude against such idolatrous use of images and pictures began to wane. In the higher social circles in Christendom (and in the emperor's family itself), the people began to abandon the former stance of mainline Christians against idolatrous depictions in their churches. They then started to show Jesus in the form of Zeus (Sarapis) and Askelepios with long hair and a beard. This was never done among "orthodox" Christians before the time of Constantine.
The following quote (abridged) is from Eusebius' "Letter to Constantia" (the sister of Constantine the Great). It shows the utter disdain of Eusebius (the first historian of the Christian church) for the trend toward idolatry that was beginning to occur in "orthodox" churches.
(see link - words in red - for the letters)
link to www.askelm.com
these letters are amazing. check em out...
In summation, I wish to quote from one of the top ecclesiastical historians of our time on this important matter. He is Professor W.H.C. Frend. He shows the universal abhorrence of any type of idolatrous themes in what we call the orthodox churches in the second, third and up to the mid-fourth centuries. He cites in his notes the authorities for his statements.
"The origins of Christian art remain a mystery. Ostensibly, both Judaism and Christianity rejected pictorial art on religious subjects. The second commandment had forbidden Israel to make any graven image, and Christian leaders in the East and West alike, including Tertullian, accepted this. Clement and Eusebius, showing rare unanimity, considered this prohibition absolute and binding on Christians. The principal crime [said Tertullian] of the human race, the highest guilt charged upon the world, the whole procuring cause of judgment, is idolatry, and for once Tertullian commanded almost universal assent. The Syriac Didascalia laid down that no offerings were to be received from those who painted with colors, nor from those who made idols or worked in silver and bronze. At the other end of the Mediterranean world, canon 36 of the Council of Elvira stated without qualification that there should be no paintings in church lest what was painted on the wars should be worshiped and venerated."
• Frend, The Rise of Christianity, p.415
The early mainline Christians held all forms of idolatry (paintings, pictures, symbols, statues, etc.) in complete abomination. And, important to the issue before us, none of them ever accused mainline Jews of having such things in their synagogues or in their homes up to and including the time of Constantine. Historians will have to look elsewhere for the origin of the synagogue at Dura Europos and the small Christian church at the same site (which date to the middle of the 3rd century) than looking to mainline Judaism or mainline Christianity as the source of those idolatrous paintings. But really, we can now know without difficulty who were the first to bring such pagan paintings and symbols into certain types of synagogues and certain types of churches. Those people were not mainline Jews or mainline Christians.
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Billy Corgan Asks Fans For 'Dream Set List'
Listen to The Smashing Pumpkins Radio on iHeartRadio
Billy Corgan is asking for a little help putting together the set list for his upcoming solo gig. The Smashing Pumpkins frontman is inviting fans to submit a "Billy Corgan Dream Set List," which he'll use for an acoustic show in Highland Park, Illinois on August 30th.
Corgan says the set list should feature 20 songs and cover every era of his career, from the classic Pumpkins years to the band's current incarnation, as well as his solo work. Corgan plans to play select tracks from the winning set list, and he'll post the entire rundown online along with his own commentary about why he picked it.
Fans can visit SmashingPumpkinsNexus.com for Corgan's rules and suggestions, and then submit their entries between now and August 14th.
Photo: Getty Images


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Use this page to discuss script 3455 headlights: create a TextMate-like Bundles menu
- Add constructive comments, bug reports, or discuss improvements (see the guideline).
- Do not document the script here (the author should do that on vim.org).
- This page may be out of date: check the script's vim.org page above, and its release notes.
I had to edit the Python file in order to make it work - in the attach_menus function, where it sets up DEBUG_MSG (2 places this happens), change %(sep)c to %(sep)s
DEBUG_MSG = "See the '%(root)s > debug' menu for details.%(sep)s" % locals() ERROR_MSG = "Headlights encountered a critical error. %(DEBUG_MSG)s" % locals() if not self.debug_mode: DEBUG_MSG = "To enable debug mode, see :help headlights_debug_mode%(sep)s" % locals()
But I had been wanting a way to keep track of plugins and this looks like a good way.
Thanks for update. This issue was fixed. --mbadran


text:
Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. Episodes can last for hours or days and alternate with relatively symptom-free periods of time. Each episode is similar to previous ones, meaning that episodes tend to start at the same time of day, last the same length of time and occur with the same symptoms and level of intensity.
Once thought to affect only children, cyclic vomiting syndrome occurs in all age groups. Research suggests that cyclic vomiting syndrome may affect almost 2 percent of school-age children and that the number of cases diagnosed in adults is increasing.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome may be related to migraines. Episodes can be so severe that the person has to stay in bed for days.
The syndrome is difficult to diagnose because vomiting is a symptom of many disorders. Treatment generally involves managing symptoms and lifestyle changes to help prevent the events that can trigger vomiting episodes. Medications, including anti-nausea and migraine therapies, may help lessen symptoms.
The symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome include:
Other symptoms during a vomiting episode may include:
The intervals between vomiting episodes are generally symptom-free. But some people experience mild to moderate nausea or abdominal or limb pain between episodes.
Continued vomiting may cause severe dehydration that can be life threatening. Symptoms of dehydration include:
The cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. But the bouts of vomiting that characterize the syndrome can be triggered by:
Identifying the triggers for vomiting episodes may help with managing cyclic vomiting syndrome.
The relationship between migraines and cyclic vomiting syndrome isn't clear. But many children with cyclic vomiting syndrome have a family history of migraines or have migraines themselves when they get older. In adults, the association between cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine may be lower.
Chronic use of marijuana (cannabis sativa) also has been associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome can cause these complications:
You're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor or your child's pediatrician. But you may be referred immediately to a digestive diseases specialist (gastroenterologist). If you or your child is in the middle of a severe vomiting episode, the doctor may recommend immediate medical care.
Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect from the doctor.
Some basic questions to ask the doctor include:
Don't hesitate to ask other questions.
Be ready to answer questions your doctor may ask:
The doctor will likely want to see you or your child immediately if an episode of severe vomiting is underway. But if the vomiting has passed, recovery will be aided by getting lots of rest, increasing intake of fluids and following an easy-to-digest diet. It's also a good idea to avoid caffeinated beverages or foods containing caffeine.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome can be difficult to diagnose. There's no specific test that will confirm the diagnosis, and vomiting is a sign of many diseases and disorders that must first be ruled out.
The doctor will start by asking about your child's or your medical history and conducting a physical exam.
After that, the doctor may recommend:
There's no cure for cyclic vomiting syndrome, so treatment focuses on controlling the signs and symptoms. You or your child may be prescribed:
The same types of medications used for migraines can sometimes help stop or even prevent episodes of cyclic vomiting. These medications may be recommended for people whose episodes are frequent and long-lasting.
Research indicates that almost half the people with cyclic vomiting syndrome also have depression or anxiety. But the extent to which depression and anxiety cause cyclic vomiting or result from cyclic vomiting isn't clear. Your child's doctor or yours may recommend behavioral therapy to help with any depression or anxiety.
Lifestyle changes can help control the signs and symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome. People with cyclic vomiting syndrome generally need to get adequate sleep. Once vomiting begins, it may help to stay in bed and sleep in a dark, quiet room.
When the vomiting phase has stopped, it's very important to drink water and replace lost electrolytes. Some people may feel well enough to begin eating a normal diet soon after they stop vomiting. But if you don't or your child doesn't feel like eating right away, you might start with clear liquids and then gradually add solid food.
If vomiting episodes are triggered by stress or excitement, try during a symptom-free interval to find ways to reduce stress and stay calm. Eating three small meals and three snacks daily, instead of three large meals, also may help.
Alternative and complementary treatments may help prevent vomiting episodes, although none of these treatments has been well studied. These treatments include:
L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 may work by helping your body overcome difficulty in converting food into energy (mitochondrial dysfunction). Some researchers believe mitochondrial dysfunction may be a factor causing both cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine.
Always check with your doctor before taking any supplements to be sure you or your child is taking a safe dose and that the supplement won't adversely interact with any medications you're taking. Some people may experience side effects from L-carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 that are similar to the symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome, including nausea, diarrhea and loss of appetite.
Because you never know when the next episode might occur, cyclic vomiting syndrome can be difficult for the whole family. Children may be especially concerned, and may worry constantly that they'll be with other children when an episode happens.
You or your child may benefit from connecting with others who understand what it's like to live with the uncertainty of cyclic vomiting syndrome. Ask your doctor about support groups in your area.
Many people know what triggers their cyclic vomiting episodes. Avoiding those triggers can reduce the frequency of episodes.
If episodes occur more than once a month or require hospitalization, your doctor may recommend preventive medicine. Lifestyle changes also may help, including:
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/basics/alternative-medicine/con-20028160
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Worldwide Locations
NEW YORK, September 14, 2010 - Miwako Tezuka, co-curator of Yoshitomo Nara: Nobody's Fool, discusses the artist's reception in his native Japan. (1 min., 41 sec.)
Read the program summary
Watch the complete program
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Parking regulations
The operation of a motor vehicle on campus is a privilege extended to employees and students. Regulations are necessary in order to have proper control of the operation of motor vehicles. If these regulations are not followed, a student may expect to be issued a ticket, have the vehicle towed, lose the privilege, or in cases of serious difficulty or continued trouble, a student may be suspended from the university for breaking regulations.
The acceptance of the privilege of parking a motor vehicle on campus shall constitute the acceptance of the responsibilities of the driver to see that no vehicle owned or registered in his/her name is operated or parked in violation of the regulations. All vehicles parked on campus shall be parked at the risk of the owner.
Motor vehicle registration
All automobiles, trucks, motorbikes, motorcycles and motor scooters owned or operated by employees or students of Bluffton University and brought to the campus must display an official university motor vehicle parking sticker. Vehicles must be registered at the business office, located in College Hall, or online within the first three days of the start of the school year, or within three days after bringing the vehicle to the campus.
Students registering a vehicle will receive one nonrefundable parking sticker for $25 per semester. A second nonrefundable sticker can be purchased for a flat rate of $10. There is a limit of two parking stickers per student. Stickers must be placed in the lower left corner of the rear window. Only one vehicle is allowed per student on campus at one time. Students must park only in the assigned lots at all times. Residential students may park in any lot designated for residential students. Commuter students may park in any lot designated for commuter students.
A change of vehicles any time during the year must be reported immediately to the business office (ext. 3301 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.) Students needing to change his/her permit must contact the business office. A temporary parking pass can also be obtained at the business office in College Hall for short-term parking (up to 2 weeks).
Visitor vehicles are required to display a guest permit while parked on campus over night between the hours of 2 and 5 a.m. Guest permits for visitor vehicles are available at the information desk in Marbeck Center between the hours of 8 a.m. and 11 p.m., and through campus security during other times at 419-303-3121. Visitors may park in any residential or employee/commuter lot except where designated as handicapped or reserved, however note there is no overnight parking in the three lots closest to the Sommer Center. Students may not obtain visitor permits for their own vehicles.
Temporary handicapped permits are available at the business office and must be accompanied by a doctor's verification.
Anyone wishing to have a security escort from assigned parking lots should call university security at 419-303-3121.
A list of lots and vehicles permitted to park in each lot are listed below. Signage is posted at each location.
Residential student lots:
Ramseyer, Hirschy, Neufeld lots. (1st lot for special permits only)
Bentley Road second, third and fourth lots, adjacent to Memorial Field
Sauder Visual Arts Center lot
Bren-Dell lot and College Ave. from Spring Street to the bridge
Ropp Hall lots
Commuter student lots:
Elm Street lot, Sauder Visual Arts Center lot, Sommer Center lot and 1st Bentley Road lot
Parking and operating violations
- Parking in restricted or no parking areas. Signs mark all such areas.
- Parking in driveways, walks, loading areas, grassed areas, entrances to buildings or at cross walks.
- Failure to properly display a permit within 24 hours of its receipt.
- Failure to obey lot assignments and designated space rules as listed above.
- Failure on campus to observe the traffic and parking regulations of the village of Bluffton.
- Exceeding the posted speed limit on campus.
- Reckless operation of vehicles.
- Parking along curbs painted yellow (no parking zones and fire zones) near buildings is not allowed, except to unload and load student belongings. Hazard flasher lights must be used when loading or unloading (no exceptions). Immediately upon unloading or loading, the vehicle must be moved. A 10-minute limit will be enforced. Vehicles not moved will receive tickets.
- Improper parking in handicapped zones, reserved parking spaces and along roads marked no parking is not allowed.
- The Bluffton village and police departments monitor parking off campus. Violations and fines for violations are the responsibility of the village. Restricted parking on streets adjacent to campus is enforced from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., unless the vehicle holds a homeowner s parking permit. Streets adjacent to campus include Spring, Lawn, College (between Spring and Jackson). High, Collegeview, Campus, Grove and Elm.
- All unregistered cars will have license plates investigated by the business office and fines issued to the vehicle owners.
- Any student in possession of a permit that has been stolen, altered or used without authorization from the business office will be automatically referred to the campus conduct board and fines assessed.
- Failure to display a valid State of Ohio or Bluffton University handicapped permit when parked in handicapped spaces.
Fines and loss of privilege
All parking fines will be added to the student's account. An appeals committee of Student Senate members will review appeals of issued tickets. Appeals procedures are available at the business office and online.
Fines for parking violations are as follows:
- Parking in incorrect lot: $25 per daily violation
- Parking in fire lanes, no flashers or exceeding 10 minute limit: $25 per daily violation
- Unregistered vehicles in correct lot: $5 first violation, $25 second violation
- Failure to display permit: $5 per daily violation
- Stolen, altered or unauthorized use of parking sticker: $25 per daily violation
- Parking in handicapped area: $50 per daily violation
- Multiple vehicles parked in same lot: $25 per daily violation
- No valid parking permit: $25 per daily violation
- Taking two or more parking spaces: $10 per daily violation
- Blocking Drive/access: $10 per daily violation
- Parking in non-designated parking area: $10 per daily violation
- Parking in reserved space: $ 25 per daily violation
- Reckless/hazardous operation of vehicle: $25 per violation
- Any cost with identifying unregistered vehicles will be passed on to the student or owner
- All other parking violations: $5 per daily violation


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Jain Community Center
Thank You for your Support !
Welcome to JSGA ( Jain Sangh of Greater Austin)
JSGA, a non profit organization that has been formed
in the year 2005 on behalf of Austin Jain Parivar. We
value your support and your dedication in supporting
JSGA events. This site is developed for JSGA community.
Our Sangh is dedicated in providing you and your family
the value of jain principles. A gateway in which one can
build, share, offer services to the community. We have
various events around the year in which you and your
family members can participate within JSGA community.
We welcome you to visit our website and offer ways to
bond and grow our community.
Interested parties can get the updated information on community
communications via email, please subscribe to AustinJainParivar Yahoo Groups
Contact us at : jsgaboard @gmail.com
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ausintjainparivar/
JSGA Non-Profit Registration Address
1600 Iris Lane
Cedar Park, TX 78613
United States


text:
Jan 31, 2011
Words matter.
As one of the primary contributors to this blog since its inception, I've been busily writing for almost four months straight. And to fuel the writing, I've been consuming books, blogs, magazines and newspapers with a ferocious appetite. All this reading and writing has me thinking about — reading and writing.
Or, more specifically, how writing effects the message, and affects the reader.
One of the things I like most about the blogs I frequent is the humanity with which they're written. The best ones draw any barriers aside, and feel like you're having a chat with the writer over coffee. The issues of the day are unvarnished, the observations are sharp, the advice is real. There's a marked lack of hyperbole.
As a reader, I find that personable writing affects me in a few ways. First and foremost, it draws me in, and makes me want to stay awhile. Secondly, for me, it's more believable and credible. And finally, I find that friendlier writing is stickier writing – it's memorable, and is more likely to shape my behavior down the road. The first time I realized that was when I had followed direction to buy a book. My finger was hovering over the 'buy' button on Amazon, and I quite literally thought to myself, "How did I get here?" Well, I had been gently convinced, and it turns out, I loved the book.
Oh, and that book? It was Content Rules, by C.C. Chapman and Ann Handley, and if you want to do a better job of creating and using content to increase your brand's visibility on line, you won't find better advice than that contained within the two covers of this book. It's also a fast, lively read, probably due in part to the fact that the authors rigorously heeded their own writing advice. I'm personally committing to avoiding use of the "Eighteen Business Buzzwords We Need to Ban Because They Make Us Sound Like Tools."
A few years ago, when I ran a blog for a local charity, I found that writing came easily and felt natural. My first few blog posts here didn't feel as good – because I hadn't really found my voice. However, as II've ratcheted up the writing volume, I find that my voice has become more distinct, and my writing once again feels like it's actually mine.
This experience got me thinking about all of my fellow writers out there in the marketing and PR communities who focus mainly on writing articles, press releases or other content to support and promote their employers' brands. I think we can all admit to seeing some voiceless content out there – on the press release wires, on web sites and in press kits. Much of it feels wooden and dry, as though it was phoned-in and rubber-stamped. (I know that I personally am guilty of contributing to this pile of written gobbledygook.)
C.C. and Ann raise the issue of developing a voice fairly early in their book, encouraging brands to lighten up the tone, understand their audiences, and write for them specifically, developing a personality along the way.
For a recent article, I had the opportunity to work Mike Azzara, bona-fide editorial guru, currently the principle at Content Marketing Partners, and chief content strategist for Stein Rogan. Upon receiving the edited version, I was stunned. I sounded great! I called the Mike, to compliment his work, and he reminded me that he really hadn't done much. But the tweaks he made to my writing made a profound difference, sharpening the points I was making, and clarifying the thinking I was trying to convey.
Mike wasn't surprised. "When start writing, you know what you want to say." he told me, "But it may not be coming through to others. When you read your words back to yourself, they mean what you want them to say. You're the only reader that's inside your head. The process of having someone else read your work is that first giant step toward to conveying your thoughts to someone else."
I asked Mike for advice on how a write who doesn't have a talented editor at her back and call might edit her copy herself. The secret of self-editing, according to Mike, is time.
"Take time away from the work," he advised. "The bigger the work, the more time you need in order to go back and read it with fresh eyes. If you don't have the luxury of time, at least go focus specifically on something else for a while."
In addition to looking at a work with fresh eyes, Mike also noted that the best way to write effectively is to understand clearly what you want to say right off the bat.
"The hard work is in really understanding what you want to say," Mike told me. "If you understand what you really want to day, then the text will start to structure itself." Asking yourself what you really want to say in your piece is a good start. Even better, Mike suggests, is asking yourself how you'd explain the concept to your mom, which will force you to simplify your language and explanations, resulting in a clearer presentation of your ideas.
Mike also recommends continually distilling the language you've used. "Continually distill the essence of what you're saying," he advises. " Challenge yourself to tell your story in the fewest words."
The point:
And thus, we arrive at my point. It's tempting to dash off blog posts or press releases according to tried-and-true formulas, using the language with which we're comfortable. But the bland product we produce when writing becomes an afterthought are ultimately a waste of our time – because producing the writing isn't the end game. Encouraging audience interaction and engagement are what we're trying to achieve, and boring stuff doesn't generate responses.
We're in a new environment with respect to content consumption. The press releases you have put over the wire have a new life of their own in the social layer, where they're found and shared. The content you put in a virtual press kit and then forget about can be found by search engines and may be generating audience interest – behind your back. When I'm writing these days, I'm thinking not just of the assignment, but of the potential outcomes a great piece of content can generate.
What are your favorite tips for polishing your own writing?
Authored by Sarah Skerik, VP social media, PR Newswire.
PR Newswire just issued a new white paper, titled "Amplifying your Social Echo," focusing on measuring the conversations that reverberate around brands and issues in the social layer. To learn more about how to influence and measure these powerful conversations, download the free white paper, and reconsider the effect the content you write can have online.
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