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Lesson Outline:
1. Review and Overview
A. One Down, 72 to Go!
B. The Story So Far
2. Out of Egypt, My Son
A. Moses and Jesus
B. God's First-Born Son
C. Plaguing Pharaoh
D. The Passover and 'Our Paschal Lamb'
3. The Making of the Old Covenant
A. Images of the New Exodus
B. Testing in the Wilderness
C. "A Kingdom of Priests, a Holy Nation"
D. The Golden Calf Affair
4. After the Golden Calf
A. Reading Leviticus
B. Numbering the Second Generation
C. A "Second" Law
5. Study Questions
I. Review and Overview
A. One Down, 72 to Go!
It has taken us three lessons - half of this intermediate course - to read the Bible's first book. One down, 72 to go!
It's a good time to review our purpose in this class. We've identified the series of covenants that God makes in the Bible as the master key that unlocks the meaning of the Bible. Remember, the Bible tells the story of God the Father's love for His children and His plan to fashion all people into one holy family. God unfolds this plan of salvation through the series of covenants that we've identified - the creation covenant with Adam, the flood and the covenant with Noah, the covenant with Abraham, the covenant with Moses at Sinai, the covenant with David and the New Covenant brought by Jesus Christ.
If you understand well these covenants, you'll have great insight into the "worldview" of the Bible. This in turn will help you see how all the various books of the Bible fit together to form a single "book." That's why we've spent so much time on Genesis and that's why we're going to devote this lesson to the experience of the Israelites as recounted in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
But go back and look at those first three lessons - you'll notice something you may not have noticed the first time through: We have been ranging all over the Bible to help us understand what we've been reading. We've shown how the various stories in Genesis have been understood and interpreted in nearly a dozen other Old Testament books, in each of the Gospels, in the New Testament Epistles and the Book of Revelation.
Be sure to look up the citations and references we make to other books of the Bible. First, it will give you a greater familiarity with the whole Bible. But secondly and more importantly, it will deepen your reading, helping you to read the Old Testament in light of the New and the New Testament in light of the Old.
In this lesson, too, be on the look out for these types of connections, especially in the Book of Exodus, where we're going to find images and ideas that turn up again and again in the Old and New Testaments - the figure of Moses, the idea of "the lamb of God," the Passover, and more.
B. The Story So Far
By way of a quick review, here's how the story has gone so far:
God created the world out of nothing and created man and woman "in His image and likeness," as His children, to be rulers over His divine kingdom on earth. God made a covenant with them, promising to bestow His blessings upon them, and through them, upon the whole world.
But Adam and Eve broke that covenant, rejected their royal birthright as the first-born children of God. Growing up in exile from the original garden sanctuary, their offspring fill the world with blood and all kinds of wickedness.
So God created the world again, in effect, destroying the wicked and saving the just in a great flood. He started His human family again with the family of Noah. But Noah falls, too, and trouble again fills the earth, symbolized by the effort of all the nations of the world to build a tower to the heavens and glorify their name, not the name of God.
At Babel, God scatters the nations to the four corners of the earth, dividing the single human family into a multitude of languages and cultures, confusing their speech and making it impossible for them to understand and work together.
God again raises up a righteous man, through whom He hopes to establish the family of God He intended in the beginning. He makes a covenant with Abraham and promises to Abraham a line of descendants that would last forever, a line through whom God would bestow blessings on all the families and nations of the world.
At the end of Genesis, Abraham's family tree is a large one, consisting of twelve tribes, each headed by a son of Jacob, who was the son of Abraham's beloved son Isaac. Through many twists and turns, the chosen people of the God, the children of Abraham, now identified as the children of Israel (the new name God gave to Jacob), find themselves in Egypt.
In this lesson, we'll see how the family of God grows from a tribal network of patriarchs to a full-fledged nation, under the leadership of a divinely appointed savior and lawgiver, Moses.
II. Out of Egypt, My Son
A. Moses and Jesus
The start of Exodus should sound familiar to you. What other figure in the Bible is born under a threat of death, facing a tyrannical ruler who has decreed that all first-born Hebrew males are to be killed?
In the Christmas story, we see Herod dispatch troops to Bethlehem to kill all the first-born Hebrew boys (see Matthew 2:16). In Exodus Pharaoh hatches a more subtle scheme of forced infanticide - ordering Egypt's midwives to kill every Hebrew first-born male child (seeExodus 1:15-16).
Moses, incidentally, is saved by being placed in an "ark" (that's the literal word for what's translated "papyrus basket" in Exodus 2:3; the same word is used for Noah's ark inGenesis 6:14).
The infant Moses and the infant Jesus are saved by family members - Moses by his mother and sister (see Exodus 2:1-10) and Jesus by his mother and father (Matthew 2:13-15;Exodus 2:5-10). And both remained in exile until those who sought their life were dead (seeMatthew 2:20; Exodus 4:19).
There are many more parallels we could trace between the Moses and Jesus - for instance, Jesus fasts for 40 days and 40 nights in the wilderness, just as Moses did (see Matthew 4:2; Exodus 34:28) and just like Moses, Jesus goes to a mount and gives a covenant law to His people (see Matthew 5-7; Deuteronomy 5:1-21).
Moses is the prototype for all the men of God that we read a bout in the rest of the Old Testament and on into the New. The Gospel writers, especially St. Matthew, describe Jesus as a "new Moses," a new leader and king, savior and deliverer, teacher, wonderworker and suffering prophet.
And the story of Moses - especially the Passover, the parting of the waters, the wandering in the desert, the daily bread from heaven - has a deeper, symbolic meaning for Catholic readers of the Bible.
B. God's First-Born Son
Moses is called by God to deliver the Israelites from their bondage in Egypt.
What motivates God to act? He was "mindful of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob" (see Exodus 2:24; Psalm 105:8-11). That's why He repeatedly identifies Himself to Moses as "the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob" (see Exodus 3:6, 13,15; 6:2-8).
God had warned Abraham in a dream that they would be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years, but that God would deliver them (see Genesis 15:13-15). Now the Israelites had been in Egypt for 430 years - the first 30 years as privileged guests, relatives of the prime-minister Joseph, the last 400 years as slaves (see Exodus 12:40).
The time had come for Him to fulfill His promise to Abraham - to make His descendants a great nation and to give them a beautiful and bountiful land of their own (see Genesis 28:13-15).
God sends Moses to tell Pharaoh that "Israel is My son, My first-born" (Exodus 4:22; Sirach 36:11).
We see God here again trying to establish His holy family. We see this when He renews His promise to Moses: "I will take you as my own people and you shall have me as your God" (see Exodus 6:7). This anticipates the covenant He will make with them later at Sinai (see Exodus 19:5).
Watch the "character" of God throughout Exodus - what He says and does. He's not a detached "Creator."
God in Exodus truly reveals himself to be the divine Father of Israel (see too Deuteronomy 32:6). He saves His children (see Exodus 12:29-31), clothes them (see Exodus 12:35-36), guides them (see Exodus 13:21-22), feeds them (see Exodus 16:1-17:7) protects them (see Exodus 14:10-29; 17:8-16), teaches them (see Exodus 20:1-17; 21:1-23:33), and lives with them (see Exodus 25:8; 40:34-38).
In short, He is a Father to them (see Hosea 11:1).
It's not that He is a Father only to Israel. Israel is His first-born not His only son. God is the God of all the nations - and He wants to be a father to all the other nations, too.
But Israel is His first-born, His pride and joy. Israel is called out of Egypt to show the other nations the way to live as His children. But Israel - and its leader - must be righteous before it can preach righteousness to the other nations. That is what's going on in that strange scene before the showdown with Pharaoh - where God tries to kill Moses (see Exodus 4:24-26).
God is serious about His covenant, no one can be exempt from its provisions. Moses was in violation of the covenant with Abraham. His son, Gershom, hadn't been circumcised as God had commanded (see Genesis 17:9-14). Moses' wife, Zipporah, takes matters into her own hands and performs the circumcision, and Moses' life is again saved.
C. Plaguing Pharaoh
Pharaoh is punished, his nation put under judgment, for failing to respect the rights of God's first-born son.
Pharaoh makes the big mistake of mocking the power of the Moses' God (see Exodus 5:2). In the ten plagues God visits upon him, He both punishes punishes Pharaoh and executes judgment on the Egyptians' many gods (see Exodus 12:12; Numbers 33:4):
The Egyptian Nile god, Hapi, is rebuked by the plague of blood on the Nile (seeExodus 7:14-25).
Heket, the frog goddess, is mocked by the plague of frogs (see Exodus 8:1-15).
The bull god, Apis, and the cow goddess Hathor, are reviled by the plague on the livestock (see Exodus 9:1-7).
And the plague of darkness is a rebuke to the sun god, Re (see Exodus 10:21-23).
Scholars believe that each of the plagues can be linked to specific Egyptian deities. Even the final plague that strikes the first-born of Egypt can also be seen as an attack on the political gods of Egypt, because Pharaoh was worshipped as divine and his sons were "divinized" in special ceremonies.
By these divine actions, worked through Moses, God was demonstrating His power - establishing that Israel's God is "a deity great beyond any other" (see Exodus 18:11; 9:16;11:9).
D. The Passover and 'Our Paschal Lamb'
Israel's first-born is "passed over" in the last plague, spared the fate of Egypt's first-born.
We have to read the story of the Passover carefully. This story has a great influence on the shape and the meaning of the rest of the Old Testament. It's also vitally important for understanding Catholic beliefs about the meaning of the Cross, the salvation won for us on the Cross, and the memorial of our salvation that we celebrate in the Mass.
The Passover story is one of the Old Testament's defining dramas. But more than that it points us ahead to the defining drama of all salvation history - the sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross.
Since the earliest days, the Church has understood the Crucifixion and Resurrection as "the Lord's Passover" (see The Catechism of the Catholic Church, nos. 557-559,1174,1337,1364,1402). The Eucharist, in turn, is the memorial of the Lord's Passover.
That's why during the Mass the priest presents the consecrated Host to us and declares: "This is the Lamb of God...Happy are those who are called to His supper." The Liturgy is yoking together two New Testament passages (see John 1:29; Revelation 19:9). But what made the New Testament writers talk about Jesus this way in the first place? The answer is the Passover story.
The Church's ancient belief is based on the interpretation of the Exodus story that begins with Jesus and the New Testament writers.
Let's read ahead to John's account of the Crucifixion (see John 19). As Christ is condemned, John notes that it was the "preparation day for Passover, and it was about noon." Why this detail? Because that was the precise moment when Israel's priests slaughtered the lambs for the Passover meal (see John 19:14).
Later, the mocking soldiers give Jesus a sponge soaked in wine. They raise it to him on a "hyssop branch." That's the same kind of branch the Israelites are instructed to use to daub their door posts with the blood of the Passover lamb (see John 19:29; Exodus 12:22).
And why don't the soldier's break Jesus' legs (see John 19:33,36)? John explains that with a quote from Exodus, telling us that it was because the legs of the Passover lambs weren't to be broken (see Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12; Psalm 34:21).
There are more parallels that we could draw in John's Gospel and in the other Gospel accounts. The Crucifixion is presented in the New Testament as a Passover sacrifice - in which Jesus is both the unblemished Lamb, and the High Priest who offers the Lamb in sacrifice. For the New Testament writers, what we're reading about here in Exodus is a sign that points us to Jesus.
In the Passover, Israel was spared by the blood of an unblemished sacrificial lamb painted on their door posts. The lamb dies instead of the first-born, is sacrificed so that the people could live (see Exodus 12:1-23,27). It is the same with the Lord's Passover, the Cross and Resurrection. The Lamb of God dies so that the people of God might live, saved by "the blood of the Lamb" (see Revelation 7:14; 12:11; 5:12).
"For our paschal lamb, Christ, has been sacrificed," St. Paul says (see 1 Corinthians 5:7). On the Cross, St. Peter tells us, Jesus was "a spotless unblemished Lamb." By His "Precious Blood" we are "ransomed" from captivity to sin and death (see 1 Peter 1:18-19).
That's what's going on here in Exodus. The first-born sons and daughters of God are being "ransomed" or "redeemed" - bought out of captivity and slavery (see Exodus 6:6; 15:13;Psalm 69:18; Isaiah 44:24; Genesis 48:10).
The Israelites were instructed to remember the first Passover by each year eating the Passover lamb's "roasted flesh with unleavened bread." And in His last supper, eaten during Passover, Jesus instructs His followers to remember His Passover in the Eucharist, where we eat His flesh and drink His blood (see John 6:53-58).
III. The Making of the Old Covenant
A. Images of the New Exodus
God's great act of deliverance in the Exodus shaped the identity and imagination of the Israelites. We're going to find references to this Exodus throughout the rest of the Old Testament.
The Exodus was the one divine sign above all others that convinced the Israelites that they were God's chosen people. What other people could boast that God had personally delivered them in their time of trial?
We hear this faith in the song that Moses sings when they get to the other side of the Red Sea: "Who is like to You among the gods, O Lord?....In your mercy You led the people You redeemed...The nations heard and quaked...while the people You had made Your own passed over" (see Exodus 15:11,13,14,16).
The memory of God's mighty deeds here in Exodus become the foundation of Israel's identity as a nation and the basis for all of its hopes for the future.
Later in the Old Testament, when Israel through its sin has fallen into captivity and exile, the prophets will predict a "new Exodus," led by a Messiah, a new Moses, who would bring an even greater redemption and deliverance of God's people (see Isaiah 10:25-27; 11:15-16; 43:2,16-19; 51:9-11). This new Exodus, Jeremiah predicted, would mark the start of a "New Covenant" (see Jeremiah 23:7-8; 31:31-33).
In the New Testament, Jesus is the new Moses, leading a new Exodus, liberating God's people from the last enemy - sin and death. We will see all this in our last lesson, when we look at the New Testament in detail.
As we read the story of the crossing of the Red Sea and the testing of Israel in the wilderness beyond the sea, we need to keep in mind how these scenes are understood in the New Testament. There, and throughout the Church's tradition, these historical events are described as symbols foretelling the sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist.
As the Israelites passed through the waters into freedom and a new identity as God's chosen people, so too the Christian in baptism is freed from sin and made a child of God. And as the Israelites received manna from heaven and water from the rock, the Christian is given the heavenly bread and spiritual drink of the Eucharist.
"Our ancestors...were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea," Paul wrote. "All ate the same spiritual food and all drank the same spiritual drink, for they drank from a spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ" (see 1 Corinthians 10:1-3).
B. Testing in the Wilderness
Paul also said that we should read the account of Israel's testing in the wilderness "as an example...written down as a warning to us, upon whom the end of the ages has come" (1 Corinthians 10:11).
Despite all the signs and wonders worked by God, the story of the Israelites' journey to Sinai after the Exodus is a story of stubbornness and shortsightedness, of the people's inability to trust that God was with them, that the God who delivered them would care for them along their way.
Right off the bat, they grumbled at Marah that the water was too bitter to drink - and God responded by giving Moses the power to make the water sweet (see Exodus 15:22-25).
A month later, they were grumbling for food in the Desert of Sinai. God feeds them with manna from heaven, giving them their daily bread every day for 40 years (see Exodus 16). This is the manna that Jesus said was a symbol of the Eucharist (see John 6:30-59).
But even this wasn't proof enough for them. They were thirsty at Meribah and Massah and put God to the test: "Is the Lord in our midst or not?" (see Exodus 17:2,7). So Moses struck the rock, as God instructed, and waters poured out for the people.
Forty years later, in the Book of Deuteronomy, Moses explained to the Israelites that God did all this "to test you by affliction and find out whether or not it was your intention to keep His commandments...You must realize that the Lord, your God, disciplines you even as a man disciplines a son" (see Deuteronomy 8:2-5).
Why does God test Israel if He knows everything already? The key is found in Moses' last line - His testing is a form of "fatherly discipline," by which He makes His child stronger.
God does not test Israel to learn something that He doesn't already know. He tests to make Israel stronger, to teach the people what they don't know - how much they need God, how without Him they would be nothing. God tested them, Moses said, so that they wouldn't mistake their freedom and prosperity as the work of their own strength. "
Remember then," he told them, "it is the Lord, your God, who gives you the power to acquire wealth, by fulfilling, as He has now done, the covenant which He swore to your fathers" (see Deuteronomy 8:17-18).
C. 'A Kingdom of Priests, A Holy Nation'
At Sinai, God reveals His full purpose for His chosen people, why He bore the people out of Egypt on eagle wings and brought them to Himself (see Exodus 19:4). God wants His first-born son, His own people, to be "to Me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation" (see Exodus 19:6).
In the covenant at Sinai, we reached a turning point in salvation history. Remember what we've been saying all along: When God makes a covenant, He is making a family, He is making people kin to Himself, His sons and daughters.
Remember, too, that the imagery in the Old Testament is rooted in ancient images of the family. In the ancient family, fathers were both "kings" - rulers, lawgivers and protectors of their family - and "priests," leading the family in worship and sacrifice. The "first-born" son was the heir to the authority and the kingly and priestly roles of the father.
Since Adam, He has been looking for a "first-born" son worthy of His calling - to guard and keep creation, to offer Him sacrifices of praise and thanksgiving, to be a light to all peoples, to dwell with Him intimately.
Adam was the founding father, made the lord of creation and given priestly functions to guard and keep God's creation (Genesis 1:26; 2:15). Noah, too, was father of a family, and his family became the "first-born" from which God would populate the earth anew after the flood. God then chose Abram, whose name means "mighty father," and made himAbraham - a name meaning "father of a multitude."
Through all this history, however, we see that God is forced to pass over the first-borns in many instances because they prove too proud, too unjust and violent. We see that in the case of Cain, Ishmael, Esau, to name just three. Indeed, among the "first-borns" in Genesis, only the ancient line of Shem was faithful.
But God remained faithful to His plan - and His promise. With Israel, His first-born, He is again starting anew. They will be His family, his royal heirs. Already, Moses has instructed that the first-born of Israel be consecrated to God, dedicated to His priestly service (seeExodus 13:2,15; 24:5).
Here at Sinai, God reveals that He wants Israel to be for the family of nations what the first-born was in the ancient family system - priest and king.
God is making His family a nation - but not a nation like the other nations. Israel is to be "a holy nation," set apart from other nations, an example of holiness and righteous living, an instrument by which God extends His salvation to all the nations.
His covenant at Sinai, as we've seen, is intended to fulfill His promise that through Abraham's descendants, He will bless all the nations of the world. So Israel is being consecrated here at Sinai as a "light to the nations," leading them in the ways of holiness (see Isaiah 42:6; 49:6).
But don't miss the big "if" in all of what God is saying here at Sinai: "If you hearken to My voice and keep My covenant, you shall be My special possession...a kingdom of priests " (see Exodus 19:5).
God's covenant is conditional. To experience its blessings, Israel must keep His covenant, obey its terms (which are spelled out in Exodus 20-23). If they don't keep His covenant, they may as well be "no people" at all, their number blotted from the face of the earth (seeDeuteronomy 32:21; Hosea 1:9; 1 Peter 2:10).
Read the Ten Commandments as a covenant family law, a household code. These laws were primarily given to govern relationships within the growing national household of Israel - they cover how to resolve disputes, how to deal with slaves, how to treat acts of violence, how to make restitution for theft or property damage, and how to relate to God and human authority.
After listening to God's words, Israel swears to keep the covenant (see Exodus 19:8,24:3,7). And Moses builds an altar with twelve pillars, symbolizing that all of the tribes of Jacob had approved the covenant (see Exodus 24:4).
Then He takes the blood from the animals sacrificed and sprinkles it on the people, calling it "the blood of the covenant which the Lord has made with you" (see Exodus 24:8). Blood is a symbol of family relations. That's what this covenant does - it makes Israel the sons and daughters of God.
Jesus uses these same words at His last supper, but adds the word "New" - telling us that by His blood shed on the Cross for many, God is making a New Covenant (see Mark 14:24;Matthew 26:28).
This is a sign for us that what we're reading about here in Exodus "prefigures" the New Covenant - it is a partial fulfillment of God's plan. The ultimate fulfillment will come with Jesus.
This New Covenant will be "for many" (which means "for everyone"). In the New Covenant, Jesus promises, His twelve apostles will sit in judgment over the twelve tribes of Israel (seeLuke 22:30) and as the altar at Sinai was built on the pillars of the twelve tribes, the Church of Jesus will be founded on "the twelve apostles of the Lamb" (see Revelation 21:12,14).
All covenants are sealed with a ritual meal, which is why Moses and the 70 elders sit down to eat in the presence of God (see Exodus 24:9-11).
Later, when Israel is in exile as a consequence of breaking the covenant, the prophets will recall this intimacy with God - eating and drinking in His very presence - and teach the people to hope for the day of a new sacred banquet, when they will once again eat in His presence on His holy mountain (see Isaiah 55:1-3; Proverbs 9:1-6).
This hope, too, is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus, who speaks of the Father calling a wedding banquet for His Son (see Matthew 22:1-14) and describes the kingdom of God as a great feast (see Luke 14:12-24).
D. The Golden Calf Affair
No sooner had Israel ratified its covenant with God, than the people fell into idolatry. Moses goes up to the mountain to receive the elaborate instructions about the building and furnishing of the ark, the dwelling for God (see Exodus 25-31) and the people down below create the golden calf and begin worshipping it.
The ancient rabbis used to say that what the forbidden fruit was to Adam the golden calf was to Israel. It is a second fall from grace. The calf is an image of Apis, the Egyptian fertility god and Israel's worship of it is a parody of the covenant at Sinai. As Moses did, they build an altar, rise early to offer sacrifices, eat and drink a ritual meal. They also, the Scripture says, "rose up to revel," which is a polite way of saying that they engaged in orgies associated with the cult of Apis (see Exodus 32:1-6).
God disowns Israel. Notice the shift in language. No longer does He speak of the Israelites as His special people (see Exodus 3:10, 5:1, 6:7). He tells Moses that the Israelites are "your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt" (see Exodus 32:7).
Moses intercedes for the people, even offering to bear the curse that the people deserve - to be blotted out of the book of life (see Exodus 32:31-32).
Though they deserve to die for violating the covenant - and 3,000 are slain by the Levites - the people are spared for the sake of God's covenant. But the condition of Israel is forever changed. Never again in the Old Testament is Israel spoken of as a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation."
Not until the coming of the Church will God's plan for a kingdom of priests be realized (see1 Peter 2:5,9; Revelation 1:6).
The first four chapters of Numbers tells us what happens immediately after the golden calf incident. Moses takes an elaborate census (from which the book gets its name as a book of "numbers") and establishes the authority of the Levites.
The Levites, the only tribe not to worship the golden calf and the only ones who answered Moses' call (see Exodus 32:26) are "dedicated" or ordained as priests for the nation (seeExodus 32:26-29). No more will the first-born sons in each family inherit the father's role as priest. The Levites are chosen in place of the first-born sons (see Numbers 3:11-13; 45).
For the first time, a distinction will be made between priest and lay people. Where as once every first-born was a priest (see Exodus 13:2,15; 24:5) now any non-Levite who performs priestly functions "shall be put to death" (see Numbers 3:10).
IV. After the Golden Calf
A. Reading Leviticus
The whole character of God's relationship with His chosen people has been changed. God cannot dwell amidst his people. The Levites must stand between God and His people. That is what brings us to the end of Exodus and into Leviticus.
Leviticus is part of the renewal of the covenant made necessary by the golden calf rebellion. Israel's sin was so grave that it required what amounted to a second legislation.
The Ten Commandments had been a moral law, but this second law is judicial and ceremonial, involving the punishment of criminals and the rules for animal sacrifice. This second legislation deals with Israel's fallen condition after the golden calf affair. It takes the rest of Exodus (chapters 33-40), all of the Book of Leviticus and the first ten chapters of Numbers, to explain.
Keep that in mind as you read the chapters of Leviticus. It is the handbook for the Levitical priests. Prior to the golden calf, Leviticus would not have been needed. After the golden calf affair, Leviticus becomes necessary. As you read Leviticus, don't get hung up on all the ritual prescriptions and don't ignore the book because, as Catholics, we don't follow these elaborate codes. Keep in mind, too, that Leviticus is a continuation of the story of the Exodus of God's family.
Remember as you read about the kidneys and entrails and all the gruesome details of the sacrifices - God did not originally desire animal sacrifice. He has no need that millions upon millions of cows and goats be slaughtered. Instead, God wanted praise, a humble and contrite spirit and walking in His ways (see Psalm 50:8-14; Psalm 51:18-19; ).
The sacrificial system is imposed as a kind of corporate penance upon the whole nation. The three animals that God had Israel sacrifice - cattle, sheep and goats - were all venerated as divine by the Egyptians.
God was dealing with Israel as if the people were addicted to idolatry. As we've seen, it was easier to take Israel out of Egypt than to take Egypt out of Israel.
The animal sacrifice requirements would be a daily reminder of their apostasy with the golden calf. Each day they would be forced to relive their sin and do penance for it, ritually slaughtering the "gods" they once worshipped. In this way, God hoped to free Israel's heart from slavery to idolatry (see Joshua 24:14; Ezekiel 20:7-8; Acts 7:39-41).
B. Numbering the Second Generation
The Levites were meant to assist Israel's second generation, to teach them in the ways of holiness, so that this generation wouldn't fall like the first generation. But the second generation didn't learn. We see that in the stories recounted in Numbers, beginning with the departure of the people from Sinai (see Numbers 10:11).
Numbers tells the story of the second generation of Israel's travails on the way to the promised land. The children of those who came out of Egypt are no more faithful than their parents. Finally they are condemned to wander forty years, "suffering for [their] faithlessness" (see Numbers 14:33-34).
Even amid their backsliding, God was giving us signs of the Redeemer He will one day send:
Moses hoists up the bronze serpent to heal the faithless Israelites, giving us a sign of the Cross (see Numbers 21:4-9; John 3:14).
And the mercenary prophet, Balaam, sent to trick the Israelites, is used by God to deliver a prophecy that a star shall rise over Jacob and the staff of leadership will rise from Israel. We remember this prophecy in the Liturgy during the Christmas season, as we associate Balaam's star with that followed by the Magi (see Numbers 24:15-17; Matthew 2:1-12).
The unfaithfulness of the second generation, though, culminates on the eastern border of the Promised Land, in the plains of Moab. There Israel is seduced and worships Baal of Peor, a Moabite god (see Numbers 25).
Note the similarities between this story and the story of the golden calf (see Exodus 34). The worship of the false god is accompanied by ritual immorality and is punished with a mass slaughter of Israelites. In the golden calf incident, the Levites distinguished themselves by their swords and zeal. Here, a certain Levite, Phinehas, also takes up the sword in his zeal, slaying an idolatrous couple. He earns the line of high-priesthood - "the pledge of an everlasting priesthood" (see Numbers 25:13).
C. A Second Law
What the golden calf affair was to the first generation at Sinai, the Baal-Peor episode was to the second generation on the plains of Moab.
Numbers describes why Deuteronomy is needed. Written 40 years after the Exodus, Deuteronomy is literally "the second law" - meant to govern the 12 lay tribes. It is written immediately following the apostasy and sin of the worship Baal Peor.
Notice that it is a law given by Moses, not God. That's a big difference between the Law given at Sinai, which is presented as God's own words, delivered by God directly. Deuteronomy is the law of Moses, and as Jesus will explain, it is a law for hardhearted people (see Matthew 19:8).
Based on their track record since the Exodus, Moses knows the people can't possibly be expected to live up to the law of Sinai, let alone the standards of holiness set forth for the Levites. Deuteronomy is a law for wayward children. That explains why in Deuteronomy, Moses grants permissions found nowhere else in the Bible, permissions that seem totally at odds with the covenant at Sinai.
Among other things, Moses permits divorce and remarriage (see Deuteronomy 24:1-4); the taking of foreign slave wives (see Deuteronomy 21:10-14), and genocidal warfare against the Canaanites (see Deuteronomy 20:16-17). In every case, these concessions are "lesser evils." For instance, the people are instructed to slay the Canaanites because if don't they will likely fall into worshipping their gods.
This isn't God's holy law, this is Moses' concessionary legislation, his compromises with a stiff-necked people. As God will later explain through the prophet Ezekiel, "I gave them statutes that were not good, and ordinances through which they could not live" (see Ezekiel 20:25).
It wasn't that God had abandoned the idea that the people could ever be holy. By requiring Israel to make sacrificial offerings of firstlings from the herds and flocks (see Deuteronomy 15:19-20) at a central sanctuary (see Deuteronomy 12:5-18), Moses hoped to remind Israel of its call to holiness. But the standard for the people was far below that required for the Levites.
Scholars have noted that while the covenant in Exodus share similarities with "family covenants" in the ancient world, Deuteronomy resembles the kind of covenants that kingdoms would make with vassal states after conquering and enslaving them.
And Deuteronomy is a very hard yoke, put upon Israel like a burden, meant to break the people's hardened hearts. But Moses predicts that this law won't save them from the curses of failing to honor the covenant.
In fact, he prophesies that all the curses of the covenant would befall Israel someday (seeDeuteronomy 30:1-10; 31:16-29).
First, he seems to suggest that the curses are conditional - "if you do not hearken to the voice of the Lord" (see Deuteronomy 28:15), and describes in grim detail punishments of exile, despoilment and the like (see Deuteronomy 28:16-68).
But two chapters later he says with assurance that all these curses will fall upon Israel. Butwhen they do, Moses promises, God will once more save them, again show mercy "if you and and your children return to the Lord, your God, and heed His voice" (see Deuteronomy 30:1-2).
The curses that Israel will undergo, Moses prophesies, will finally bring them to repentance. And at that point, He prophesies: "The Lord, your God, will circumcise your hearts and the hearts of your descendants, that you may love the Lord, your God with all your heart and all your soul and so may live" (see Deuteronomy 30:6).
Notice that earlier, Moses had ordered the people to circumcise their hearts (seeDeuteronomy 10:16). But here, at the end of Deuteronomy, he recognizes that Israel is incapable of that - that only the grace of God can change the hearts of the people.
This was the promise that the prophets taught Israel to hope for during its years of exile and captivity.
Ezekiel promises that God will give the people a new heart, taking away their hearts of stone (see Ezekiel 36:22-28). Jeremiah, in the only Old Testament passage that speaks specifically of a "New Covenant," says that God will write His law upon the hearts of the people (see Jeremiah 31:31-33).
These promises will await the coming of Jesus Christ for their fulfillment. Moses had prophesied the coming of "a prophet like me" (see Deuteronomy 18:15). Jesus will be this prophet (see John 6:14; 7:40; Acts 3:22; 7:37).
But the book of Deuteronomy closes with a 120-year-old Moses dying atop Mount Nebo. The land promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was within his sight, but not his to enter.
V. Study Questions
1. What are some of the parallels between the life of Moses and the life of Christ.
2. What covenant is God being "mindful" of in delivering Israel from bondage in Egypt?
3. How is God portrayed in Exodus as a loving Father of His first-born son, Israel?
4. Why is the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus called "the Lord's Passover"? Why is Lord's Passover like the Passover of Israel in Exodus?
For prayer and reflection. Read Our Lord's discourse on the Bread of Life (see John 6:27-59) and then reread the Exodus story of the manna (see Exodus 16:1-5; 9-15). Ask in your prayer to understand more fully the meaning of our Lord's words: "Unlike your ancestors who ate and still died, whoever eats this Bread will live forever."


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'The defenseman sensed the worst from Bettman's demeanor, tone and words. "No matter what we said to him, what we talked about, he wasn't willing to look at anything else," Regehr said Friday after skating inside the Northtown Center. "I think at that point we probably understood that we were probably headed down this road."'
Sabres could sense lockout was inevitable
September 15, 2012 Submitted by
Via: Niagara Gazette

subset: commoncrawl


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Take the time to read up on nmap ("man nmap" is a good place to start) - there are methods of speeding it up. However they do have their downsides. (You'll need to do the research yourself as there is a fair bit & its already been covered in depth before).
Dont forget to look at alternative programs - current personal favourite is unicornscan.


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There's an old legal proverb about how to win a court case: "If the law is on your side, pound the law. If the facts are on your side, pound the facts. If neither is on your side, pound the table." In this factually-challenged attack on school choice, two lawyers at the UNC Center for Civil Rights do a great deal of table pounding.
Despite mountains of evidence to the contrary, the lawyers charge that school choice programs don't work and that they increase racial segregation. For example, they claim:
…in states with [school choice] programs, student achievement at the private schools is no better, and often worse, than in the public schools. In fact, in Milwaukee and Cleveland, whose voucher programs are the country's longest running, traditional public school students outperform voucher students on available proficiency measures.
Even read in the most charitable light, the lawyers misleadingly compare apples and orangutans. Participants in school choice programs are generally more disadvantaged than the general population, so it is absurd to compare their average performance against the general population, which includes all the students in wealthy "public" school districts (where low-income parents have been arrested for trying to enroll their kids). Government school advocates rightly object when someone compares average private school performance to average government school performance. The private schools outperform government schools on average, but because both parents and the private schools select each other, the comparison breaks down. The same is true here.
A meaningful comparison requires a randomized-controlled trial, which is the gold standard of social science research because the process of randomization allows researchers to compare like against like and to isolate the effect of the "treatment" (in this case, the offer of a school choice scholarship). Fortunately, there have been 12 such studies addressing this very question from highly-respected institutions like Harvard University and the Brookings Institution. Eleven found that school choice programs lead to positive student outcomes, including higher academic performance and higher rates of high school graduation and college matriculation. One study found no statistically significant difference and none found a negative impact.


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Chambers Shines as Wildcats Roll Longhorns
Chambers Shines as Wildcats Roll Longhorns
Feb. 13, 2013
Final Stats | Quotes | Notes | Photo Gallery | K-StateHD.TV Highlights
MANHATTAN, Kan. - Three Kansas State players scored in double figures and K-State used a 14-2 second-half scoring run to down Big 12 foe Texas, 68-47, Wednesday night in Bramlage Coliseum. The win ended a four-game losing streak for the Wildcats.
The Wildcats (13-11, 4-8 Big 12) were led by Brittany Chambers, who in addition to recording a career-high eight assists, poured in 24 points, marking the 30th time she has scored 20 or more points in a single contest and the 97th time she has scored in double figures in her K-State career.
Joining Chambers in double digits were Chantay Caron and Haley Texada. Caron registered 12 points and a team-high nine rebounds, while Texada chipped in with 13 points and four rebounds.
Facing a considerable size disadvantage against Texas (9-14, 2-10), K-State used a pesky defensive effort and a solid performance from beyond the arc, connecting on 12-of-33 from three-point range, to avenge a 59-40 loss to the Longhorns in late January.
After back-and-forth action for most of the first half, K-State opened things up with a 14-4 scoring run, capped back-to-back layups from Caron and Mariah White. Texas began to chip away at the K-State lead, but sophomore guard Heidi Brown knocked down a three pointer from the top of the key with 47 ticks on the clock to give the Wildcats a 33-22 lead at halftime.
Texada opened up the second half scoring barrage with a three-pointer at the 19:27 mark, freshman Bri Craig hit a fast-break circus layup, followed by back-to-back threes from Chambers and Texada, stretching the Wildcat led to 23 points. K-State's defense held Texas scoreless until 15:51 mark in the second half.
Texas used a 7-1 scoring run of their own to cut the K-State lead to 48-31 with 12:49 remaining but the Wildcats were able to hold off the UT attack and regain a large margin of victory that held until the final buzzer sounded.
The 47 points marked the fourth time this season K-State has held an opponent to 49-points or less. This was the lowest point total for a K-State Big 12 opponent this season and the lowest since K-State held Texas to 45 points on Feb. 18, 2012.
Leading the Longhorns was sophomore Nneka Enemkpali, who recorded 18 points on 8 of 14 shooting, while collecting a game-high 13 rebounds. Freshman guard Empress Davenport was the only other Texas player in double figures, as she added 11 points on the night.
Kansas State will begin a two-game road trip to the state of Oklahoma, as the Wildcats will face Oklahoma State on Saturday at 4 p.m. The game will be available on the K-State Sports Network and for free on kstatesports.com.


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MADISON – Wisconsin head coach Greg Gard gets reminded daily of how valuable a senior-laden roster can be.
While fans were thrilled that the Badgers lead top-seeded Villanova by four at halftime, the Badgers' second-year head coach was bothered. UW had given up eight offensive rebounds, committed eight turnovers and had not fully taken advantage of the Wildcats shooting only 29.4 percent in the first half because they had scored 22 of their 27 points off turnovers and second-chance points.
Prepared to hammer home the points as he entered the locker room at the midway point of halftime, Gard realized his work was already done when written on a dry erase board was: take care of the ball, block out and rebound by senior Nigel Hayes.
"You know your message is getting through," Gard said. "If you do some little things well, it gives you a chance."
Improving enough in those key areas, including giving up only two second-chance points in the second half, was part of the reason why eighth-seed Wisconsin (27-9) registered the first major upset of the tournament and advanced to play fourth-seed Florida Gators (26-8) in New York City Friday (8:59 p.m., TBS).
Wisconsin's recent run of success on the court is unmatched. Four consecutive Sweet 16 appearances, six in the past seven seasons, a nation's-best 13 tournament wins over the last four years and five wins over No.1 or No.2 seeds in the last four N.C.A.A. tournaments.
But if anyone thinks the Badgers are satisfied, all they have to do is bring up how those runs ended.
While falling in the national semifinals and national finals in consecutive years was painful, Wisconsin's seniors point consistently to the implosion they suffered last year in the regional semifinal against Notre Dame as the one that stings the most.
Gard said that game gets mentioned "almost every week" and more than any other loss in his tenure, mainly because of how the events unfolded.
"It's a game we should have won," Hayes said. "It's a situation that we'd been in a million times earlier that year and handled it well."
To recap, Wisconsin committed 17 turnovers – many of them unforced with sloppy entry passes and poor ball handling – and had three critical gaffes in the final 26 seconds, two of them by the Badgers' veteran leaders.
With Wisconsin inbounding the ball with a 56-55 lead with 19.3 seconds left, Hayes received the pass and was immediately trapped. The Badgers wanted the ball to get to Hayes because of his length and strength to be able to fight through traps. Hayes did that but lost the ball, resulting in an uncontested layup.
Suddenly trailing by one with 14.4 seconds left, Bronson Koenig – the hero who sent UW to the Sweet 16 with a buzzer-beating 3-pointer against Xavier – drove the length of the floor, but his layup never touched rim.
After two Notre Dame free throws and still having the opportunity to tie the game with 6.8 seconds left, Koenig was stripped of the ball just past the midcourt stripe. Two free throws nailed the coffin shut with the Irish ended the game on an 8-0 run.
"We had a chance to win it down the stretch and collectively we didn't do enough to get the job done," said senior Zak Showalter, who committed the final turnover in the last three seconds. "It's been on us, this group of seniors, to make sure we're leading and taking care of those minor details. Those are the things that matter at the end of game when you have to close out a team."
Wisconsin nearly almost did it again Saturday. Leading 62-61 with another 40 seconds remaining, Koenig's trap just past midcourt resulted in a forced pass, a turnover and a near-fast break going the other direction. If it wasn't for Hayes' right arm reaching for the ball coming into contact with Donte DiVincenzo, the narrative might have been the same.
Fortunately DiVincenzo hit one of two free throws with 36.4 seconds left, allowing Hayes to hit the eventual winner on the next possession.
"We've talked about the legacy we want to leave," Koenig said. "We've accomplished so much already, but getting to another Final Four is one of our goals we've been talking about since last season. It would be a really cool thing if we could do that."
After last year's change over, things have returned to normal. Wisconsin is 26th nationally in turnovers with 11.0 per game. The Badgers are 11th in the country in giving up only 61.8 points per game and committing an average of 16 fouls per game, 23rd-fewest in the nation.
Those things will be critical against a Florida team that is athletic and long, relies on three talented guards, utilizes a deep rotation and defensively likes to extend in the full court and unleash some shot blockers.
It's part of the reason why a Wisconsin program that has already proven itself, and added a victory over the tournament's overall top seed to the mantel, still has a big chip on the shoulder.
"We're still the lowest seed in our region left," Gard said. "We're the underdog."


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Google wants to provide a framework for wearables the same way it has for smartphones and tablets. During a talk at South by Southwest on Sunday, Android head Sundar Pichai said an Android SDK for wearables is coming down the pipeline in two weeks, and will give developers the tools they need to make Android-based smartwatches and fitness trackers.
Pichai said Google thinks of wearables in terms of sensors that need to communicate to be helpful for users. "We want to build an API so these sensors can work together," he said.
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Watches and activity trackers are the most obvious wearable categories that developers can begin working on, but Pichai said Google wants to offer an Android framework that goes far beyond traditional form factors.
"When we say wearables, we think about it as a much broader conception," he said. "[But] that's for partners and developers to figure out. We are thinking about it as software ... a jacket one day with sensors. I don't know."
The wearables SDK follows on the heels of the Android for cars initiative that Google announced at CES earlier this year. The two are related, Pichai said, because Google thinks in terms of a unified software ecosystem. That extends to its new acquisition Nest, too.
"We see an ecosystem for all these devices," Pichai said. "We want to develop a set of common protocols so they all work together."
Of course, by releasing an SDK in short order, Google creates an essential feedback loop. In essence, third-party developers can seed Google with helpful data before the company announces any homebrewed wearables of its own.
And you can breathe a sigh of relief, Google+ haters: No Google+ account will be required for your new Android-based wearables to function.
A plethora of possibilities
Will we see Google-branded wearables? Maybe. Pichai said Google has ventured into phone and tablet manufacturing to show partners like Samsung how the ideal device marries hardware and software. But Pichai also said Google doesn't want OEMs to think Google is giving itself an unfair advantage.
"What makes a platform successful is having the discipline to make sure that everything Google can do on top of a platform is something that other people can do as well," he said.
Pichai extolled the virtues of Android's open nature and pointed to Nokia and Amazon's Android devices as examples of how companies can build on top of the platform without baking in Google's own services--though that's also an option. Hardware manufacturers can twist and mold the operating system to the extent that users don't even realize they have an Android device.
Many so-called low-end Android devices were on display at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona last month, but even the sub-$100 phones are increasing in quality, Pichai said.
"There are phones for every segment and the quality of these phones are pretty good," he said. "The impact of that is huge I think."
Now that Android phones and tablets are well-covered territory, we're expecting other Google to shift focus to other form factors at its upcoming I/O conference. Pichai predictably hinted at little of what the company will announce in June, but it looks like car tech and wearables are top priority.
This story, "Google's Android boss announces SDK specifically geared toward wearables" was originally published by TechHive.


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Whether you're furnishing a teen bedroom, studio apartment, or multipurpose guest suite, starting with a standard twin bed might seem a bit too confined. Enter the extra large twin bed onto the contemporary furniture scene. Sized between a twin and double mattress, the larger-than-twin option provides additional comfort while keeping precious floor space in mind. Read More
Choose one of the XL twin beds from Prepac and easily coordinate with other Prepac Sonoma and Manhattan pieces. Available in espresso and black wood frames, they are an ideal way to kick-start an elegant and modern urban interior. Prepac's bookcase and storage drawer options add more value to your bed frame purchase, making it possible to choose a single piece of furniture for a strict minimalist space.
As urban lifestyles become more commonplace and affordable housing an equally high priority, living spaces are naturally gravitating towards compact floor plans. Fortunately, many clever contemporary home furnishings come complete with additional storage and functionality.
Students may be interested in bookcase beds with built-in drawers to eliminate the need for both a separate bookcase and dresser. Young professionals furnishing a new apartment may also be interested in multipurpose furniture for urban studio and loft spaces. Platform storage beds are both practical and stylish, offering the added benefit of having to purchase only one piece of furniture to meet two needs. Choose a discount priced bed with free shipping for savings and convenience.
If your guest room does double-duty as a computer room or den, you may want to limit the size of your guest bed. Offer comfortable accommodation to overnight houseguests, while still making the most of the extra room in your home. XL twin beds with storage drawers maximize the value of your furniture floor space footprint.


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LISTEN: Deadmau5 releases techno track under new alias on Richie Hawtin's Plus 8
Listen to Deadmau5 on iHeartRadio
Bringing forth his versatility as a producer, Deadmau5 has released a techno track on Richie Hawtin's Plus 8 label - and under a new alias.
Under the moniker "testpilot," the producer/DJ released a track called "Sunspot (White Space Conflict)." The track is much different from what fans are used to hearing from him under his Deadmau5 name, and is more on the minimalist side of things. The track serves as the first release on the Plus 8 label in nearly 2 years.
"Sunspot (White Space Conflict)" was also released with a remix from Pig & Dan.
[Buy "Sunspot (White Space Conflict)" and Pig & Dan's remix on Beatport]
Check it out below:
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Lady Antebellum to perform at CMA Awards
Listen to Lady Antebellum on iHeartRadio
Lady Antebellum will use next month's Country Music Association Awards to promote their upcoming release.
The trio has announced plans to perform their new single, "Compass," during the ceremony. The song is one of the new tracks on the deluxe edition of Lady A's album Golden, which will arrive in stores the week after the CMAs.
The show will also serve as Lady A's return to the stage. The group tells E! News that the event will mark their first live TV performance since Hillary Scott had her baby back in July.
The CMA Awards will air on ABC on November 6th. Lady A's Golden - Deluxe Edition will be released on November 12th.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Clube America 2010-11 N98 Track Jacket in yellow/navy blue.Features embroidered club badge Swoosh and sponsors in front.Screened on `club america` on the back.Full-zip jacket with zippered side pockets. 53/47 polyester/cotton.
Soccerplus first opened in 1994. We were one of the first soccer websites to hit the webView more
Address: 1640 E. Washington Blvd.
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Phone: 1-800-945-7291
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I've been managing this community for almost 5 years now and I love being able to say that I have one of the best jobs in the world. This community is full of so many smart and inspirational people that I learn new things every day. But there is one thing that I've been noticing more and more recently, and that is that we seem to be losing a bit of our sense of community. People register, get the info that they're after and then as often as not, they leave without making any real connections to other people.
So one of the things I'm working on with the staff here at the forums right now is trying to inject a bit more of that sense of community back into this place. We want people to have a bit of fun while they work and I concede that the standard of threads in the General Discussions area has taken a bit of a nose dive of late.
I thought I'd kick off this new enthusiastic approach by giving you the opportunity to get to know the staff a bit better and to prove that I'm not afraid to walk the walk, I've put my hand up to go first. To make it more interesting, I'm letting you ask the questions.
If you could ask me one thing – anything – what would it be? Post your question in this thread and the most interesting and entertaining will be incorporated into an interview to be conducted by @Pullo;.
Go for it... I'm not (very) scared!
Just to get the ball rolling, here's one: how did you end up in the web development field? Did you start out with a background in it, or something else?
what are your favorite hobbies?bonus question: if you could choose one superpower, what would it be?
A hawk diet is very predictable in that it includes a variety of smaller animals. I'm not surprised that the "new smaller animals" prefer to quickly flee SPF before they become meal.
What made you choose a predatory as nick (and even one where the female is generally larger than the male) and would you consider changing it for a "friendlier" one for the sake of the forums?
Thank you.
Signed,Billy Black
If too personal please ignore.Twin care supplanted kick-boxing?
It's a good question to have but iirc it's part of her actual name.
I heard a rumourz you worked for Xerox. Is this true and if so what was the work there?
What do you love most about your country and your life?
These are all great questions! I'm looking forward to the interview...
Interesting question, and one I'll answer here, rather than in the interview.
It's not a name that I chose. It's my actual surname, so no – changing it isn't really an option. It's been my online identity for over a decade now.
Do you really think that new members would be put off by something like that? I'd be a little surprised!
I can see you took it far more serious than it was meant... but, really, you'd be surprised when you take a closer look: big red name, predatory hovering bird, red badge, red "PM me if you need help", red "Community blog".
Symbolism for the red color goes like this: usually fiery emotional states, "see red" meaning lose your temper, danger and risk, the red ink used to record debits in an account.
Symbolism for the hawk is positive mainly, but a hawk is not an owl, if you know what I mean, and the avatar IS a hawk hovering for prey, not a hawk with a monocle.
Anyway, which of the "five senses" (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch) would you pick if you could only choose one?
How much money do you make from managing this community (if any) :P?
People would think you were a sweet widdle ding if your name were... say... Dove.
ooooh. Ooooooh. Oh I like that. I want to see this. Maybe some kind of SP contest where the winners get to make HAWK change her avatar to this.
We actually thought of that a month of so back (not the monocle, but that the winner gets to design my avatar and make me use it) but the uptake on comps has been so low of late that we didn't think it would take off.
So if you were not a Hawk... what animal would you like to be?
A kiwi, obviously
She needs her heart holding HAWK again - especially since it's pink for October (and she just LOVES pink :D)
@HAWK: But since you like a pair of everything, is a monocle the right attribute? Or perhaps 2 monocles? And if 2, how do you manage your keyboard? :rolleyes:
Why I oughtta...
monocle + monocle = glasses
Great questions guys and great image @Francky ; (I really think HAWK should use this as her new avatar :)).
Anyway, I just published the interview. You can find it here: http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1173607


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£Free (+ £4.99/month) Google Play
Right on cue for the start of the football season, Sky Sports TV has launched on Android, offering sports fans eight streaming channels for £4.99 a month – no lengthy subscription required.
This includes access to Sky Sports 1-4, ESPN and even the dedicated F1 channel, and would ultimately mean you'd be able to stream a whopping 115 Premier League matches to your phone or tablet over Wi-Fi or 3G. Bad news for Nexus 7 owners, though – Android 4.1 Jelly Bean isn't yet supported so you'll need to hold fire for an update.
Sky Sports TV
£Free Google Play
Punch Hero sees you coaching your very own mini boxing protégé, taking them through training to build up their skills and power moves before facing opponents in the ring. Punches are thrown through a series of taps and swipes, and coins are won by beating challengers (or through in-app purchases). Spend these coins wisely, fine-tuning your stats, or go mad and splash out on a robot costume instead. Well, we know what we'd choose…
£Free Google Play
Echoer is a location-based app that allows you to share thoughts, discoveries and events in your local area, and it's now on Android. A map of your location shows up the 'echoes' of others in the vicinity, so you can find out if your favourite café is handing out freebies or what's going on at your local. If you like what you see, you can choose to 'amplify' it – the more amps an echo gets, the more prominent it will appear on the map.
Punch Hero
£Free Google Play
Online pinboarding sensation Pinterest has finally launched on Android. The lovely looking interface opens with the main dashboard of the pinners you follow, and allows you to browse categories, follow or unfollow boards and repin images you like the look of. Pins can also be made using your phone's camera, or added when you're browsing the web, either to existing boards or creating a new one.
£Free Google Play
So you think you're a good driver, eh? Well you can now put it to the test with this new app from Confused.com and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. The app uses GPS to monitor your driving, considering factors such as your speed and levels of acceleration and braking to give you a rating out of 5 stars for every journey. After 250 miles, you'll get an overall rating out of 100 and – arguably the best part of all – you'll be rewarded with £25 for all that careful driving you've been doing.
Vote now in the Stuff Gadget Awards 2012!
You may also like
iPad Mini to be announced in October?
Broken Sword: The Serpent's Curse gets Kickstarter treatment


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Just a Thought -- Spring 2012 Book Discussions with Judy Levin
The wait is almost over! Popular book discussion leader Judy Levin will be returning to the Highland Park Public Library this spring for a three book discussion series. Multiple copies of each title will be available for check-out prior to the discussion, so come prepared to talk!
March 13, 1 PM: "Await Your Reply" by Dan Chaon
April 10, 1PM: "The Weird Sisters" by Eleanor Brown
May 8, 1PM: "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman
RA Blog Categories:


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2013 Football Schedule Announced
2013 Football Schedule Announced
Nov. 20, 2012
MANHATTAN, Kan. – Eight home games, including three straight to open the season and five Big 12 matchups at Bill Snyder Family Stadium, highlight the Wildcats' 2013 football slate as the conference office announced the composite schedule for all 10 league schools today.
"With eight home games at Bill Snyder Family Stadium and the opening of the new West Stadium Center, the 2013 season will be very special for Wildcat Nation," said Athletics Director John Currie. "Following record crowds in 2012 and the tremendous hard work of Coach Snyder, our football staff and our student-athletes, we are looking forward to another exciting season and eight sellout crowds in 2013."
K-State will open the new $75 million West Stadium Center and the 2013 campaign August 31 when North Dakota State, currently the No. 1-ranked team in FCS and the defending national champion, visits Bill Snyder Family Stadium. Louisiana then heads to Manhattan on September 7 before UMass, a new FBS member, wraps up the non-conference schedule with a September 14 matchup.
The Wildcats will open up Big 12 Conference play September 21 at Texas before enjoying their first bye week of the season. Following a road trip to Oklahoma State on October 5, K-State will return home for three straight games beginning with Baylor on October 12. The Cats' second bye week will be October 19 before hosting West Virginia (October 26) and Iowa State (November 2) in consecutive weeks.
K-State travels to Texas Tech on November 9 before hosting TCU in Manhattan on November 16 and Oklahoma November 23 in the home finale. The final regular season game will be the Dillons Sunflower Showdown on November 30 in Lawrence against the Jayhawks.
All game times and promotional schedules will be announced at a later date.
2013 K-State Football Schedule
August 31 North Dakota State Manhattan
September 7 Louisiana Manhattan
September 14 UMass Manhattan
September 21 at Texas Austin, Texas
September 28 BYE
October 5 at Oklahoma State Stillwater, Okla.
October 12 Baylor Manhattan
October 19 BYE
October 26 West Virginia Manhattan
November 2 Iowa State Manhattan
November 9 at Texas Tech Lubbock, Texas
November 16 TCU Manhattan
November 23 Oklahoma Manhattan
November 30 at KU Lawrence, Kan.


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I can't install anything from archive.offensive-security.com
I can't even get refresh the package information it just hangs and waits for server.
Anyone some info or help?
The slow download speed is nothing new through any of the distro's.The team could always use your support. Donations are welcome and would help to speed things up. If even half the downloader's gave a dollar.. Shoot imagine how fast that would be. ....
"Now i'd buy that for a dollar"


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GOALKEEPER: Brad Knighton (New England Revs) conceded 14 goals in the six games he played this year, which is a deceptively poor record for a goalkeeper who has some good tools. But if Nowak grabbed him to trade him back for somebody else on New England's roster, he didn't get much in trade value. (Various media reports indicated that Real Salt Lake goalie Chris Seitz 's move to Philadelphia was a done deal.)
DEFENDERS: Nowak obtained an experienced, if somewhat well-traveled, defender in Shavar Thomas (Chivas USA), a seven-year veteran who has also played in Kansas City and Dallas. Strong tackler, relatively fast, and pretty tough, Thomas, 28, isn't ranked among the MLS elite but has played for Jamaica and is a reasonably solid player, if somewhat moody.
Andy Iro of Columbus was passed over in favor of Crew forward Alejandro Moreno, and Nowak's other two defenders are Jordan Harvey, 25, who has played 45 games for the Rapids since they drafted him in 2006, and David Myrie, a 21-year-old Costa Rican signed by the Fire in mid-September who didn't play in a match.
MIDFIELDERS: Shea Salinas, 23, has been a darling of the San Jose fans, who love his slashing runs up the flanks. He's not been consistent, nor all that productive (two goals, five assists in 46 games), but likes to go at people. He's got trade props, too. In very rare appearances for the Red Bulls, Nick Zimmerman, 22, showed some great promise, but he's hard to gauge off just 11 regular-season games (seven starts) and 757 minutes of play.
Stefani Miglioranzi's injury absence (groin strain) during the playoffs affected the Galaxy; if healthy, he would have seen some time in central midfield, especially with Dema Kovalenko sidelined with illness. The native of Brazil and product of St. John's University played 23 games for LA after two seasons with the Crew. Andrew Jacobson went to France and then came back after completing his college career at Cal. In 2009, he played 28 games total, and in MLS, his stats were 17 games (eight starts) and 845 minutes.
FORWARDS: Nowak did go for experience up top in Alejandro Moreno, 30, an eight-year veteran who has scored 44 goals in 218 games and won titles with three different teams: Los Angeles, Houston and Columbus. The other forward taken, Sebastian LeToux, won league USL-1 MVP honors and the USL-1 championship with Seattle in 2007 and was the first player to sign an MLS contract with the club. He scored just one goal in 28 games last year yet at age 25 can still be expected to improve.
This is a framework, nothing more, for the future, a mostly young mix of abilities with
some experience in Moreno and Miglioranzi, who is 32. Le Toux and Salinas have done enough that their former fans will gnash their teeth in frustration if they blossom in Philly, but most fans
around the league are relieved Nowak didn't take one of their regulars, many of which were available.
At first glance, it doesn't appear that Philly drafted as strongly as did Seattle, which claimed starters Nate Jaqua, James Riley and Brad Evans in its expansion draft. At the other extreme, Toronto FC eventually traded all 10 of its picks in the 2007 draft, and nobody is expecting Nowak to match that, either. Union expansion selections:
Brad Knighton (New England)
Dave Myrie (Chicago-Costa Rica)
Shavar Thomas (Chivas USA-Jamaica)
Jordan Harvey (Colorado)
Shea Salinas (San Jose)
Stefani Miglioranzi (Los Angeles)
Andrew Jacobson (D.C. United)
Nick Zimmerman (Real Salt Lake)
Alejandro Moreno (Columbus-Venezuela)
Sebastian Le Toux (Seattle-France)


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Kuching is the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia's largest state situated on the island of Borneo. Greenery still triumphs in this city, flanking emerald on areas of development. Home to the annual Rainforest World Music Festival, tens of thousands revellers from all over the world flock into the verdant jungles of its Cultural Village to witness this spectacular event, showcasing international performers.
A unique way to experience the Kuching way of life is upon the Sarawak River, on-board a sampan where Malay villages spot its shorelines. In the horizon lies 19th century Chinese shophouses, the Margherita Fort, colonial buildings and a host of museums; ideal for exploration on foot when you disembark.
The name Kuching is said to have originated from many sources – some say it is a derivative from the Malay word for cat, some claim that it is from the Chinese word for harbour while others claim that the name comes from a lychee-like fruit, Mata Kuching.


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M. Phil., University of Cambridge
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World History I
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Research Interests Research interests: Modern Vietnam and Southeast Asia,
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visit Germany for up to three months, all you need is a passport. For
more information, contact the German Information Center, 871 United
Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017; (212) 610-9800.
groups generally have plentiful information on travel in the homeland.
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definitely this thread should be in Microsoft's Wireless Troubleshooting , that if he really own the Router :)
which i believe he isn't.
back to your problem ... the ideal conclusion is that when you were trying to capture the Handshake someone (maybe you) was trying to connect to the AP thinking he may generate handshake and speed up the process but unfortunately aircrack-ng print back the Key you inserted.
pay your Bill mate and live free on the internet


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SUMMER! STROLL & SAVOR: We're walking around in our swim trunks and flip-flops right now, looking around for our Hawaiian Punch hat, because summer starts today.
We thought it would never get here after that interminable winter, with the temperature plunging into the low 50s. It even rained a couple of times. We're only now snapping out of that Swedish sunshine-deprivation depression thing.
And snapping out of it in a big way, because that annual harbinger of summer, the Belmont Shore Stroll & Savor, returns to Second Street from 5:30 p.m. to 9 p.m. today and Thursday.
Second Street is packed with some of the city's finest restaurants, and you can sample all of them - if you've got a stomach the size of a duffel bag.
The event is all explained in the title. One strolls up and down the Shore's business district savoring the offerings of more than 40 establishments, from the Acapulco Inn to Yogurtland.
It's all great stuff, so don't fill up on bread before you come down. A sampling of the samples includes baked lamb from Boubouffe Grill, Domenico's famous salad, chicken/bacon/garlic cream sauce crepes from La Creperie Cafe, pulled pork from Lucille's BBQ, salsa verde shrimp tacos from Rubios, Shannon's spectacular tri-tip sandwiches, chocolate porter chili from the glorious new arrival Simmzy's, gelato from Aroma di Roma and a lot more.
To keep you moving along, you get live music, with Dad & Company performing tonight and the Long Beach Blues Army playing Thursday.
Food and beverage samples range from one to three tickets each, and you can buy those on the spot for $10 for a book of 12 tickets in front of Chase Bank, smack in the middle of things at 5200 Second St.
FAYE FEST: In our column last week about the passing of Faye Willard, of Dick & Faye's Cafe Bistro, we said we noted that a public memorial was being planned.
The plans are made. A celebration of Faye's life will be held from 2-5 p.m. at the Bull Bar at the site of the old Bistro Cafe, 3316 E. Seventh St.
It's an odd time, because no one ever visited Dick & Faye's at such an ungodly early hour, but most of the old locals are of the age where they like to get home early now.
As part of the memories, Faye's daughter Janet Lund will be buying pitchers of domestic brew and providing the famous 10-cent hot dogs.
BACK TO THE SHORE: You're thinking, "After tonight and Thursday night's Stroll & Savor, all my Belmont Shore needs will be seen to for the month."
You've never been so wrong. That's why you pay us to do the thinking.
While we enjoy food immensely (to employ an unfortunate adverb), we will push a food-laden buffet into a ravine if it stands between us and a good deal.
(On Mother's Day, we went to Best Buy and bought our wife, Mamie Eisenhower, a new TV for her opulently appointed salon. Our cost: $199. You lose money not buying a 32-inch HDTV for $199. We slapped a $3,200 price tag on it and told her there will be no Christmas this year.)
Happily, nothing's standing between you and great deals other than whatever's between you and Belmont Shore's Second Street this weekend.
Right on the heels of Stroll & Savor comes the Belmont Shore Spring (there goes our proclamation that summer is here) Sidewalk Sale, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday through Sunday.
Up and down the street, your local shopkeepers will put their business on the street at Crazy Eddie prices.
Go now and get that Christmas buying out of the way, unless, like us, you already took care of that on Mother's Day.
email@example.com, 562-714-2116, twitter.com/grobaty


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As the Gold Coast's only luxury beachfront resort, they welcome you to experience the newly refurbished Sheraton Grand Mirage Resort.
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Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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How an Ocean Road Map Could Lead Back to Flight 370
This post originally appeared on Southeast Asia Real Time.
Faced with the reality that Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 came down in a remote part of the Indian Ocean, investigators now have one pivotal question: Where?
Oceanographers are central to solving that puzzle. Their understanding of ocean dynamics can enable investigators to locate the plane's wreckage and with it the black box, which contains vital clues as to what befell the doomed jetliner.
More In MH370
- Photos: MH370 Relatives Mark Two Years Since Flight's Disappearance
- In China, MH370 Breakthrough Prompts Anger and Disbelief
- Picture China: World Cup Watermelons, Hong Kong Protest, Whale Transfer
- Chinese Travel to Malaysia Drops 30% After Flight 370
- Flight 370 Families Maintain Support Group on WeChat
- Picture China: Flight 370 Meeting, David Beckham in Beijing, Gas Explosion Rescue
For more than a week, a team of six oceanographers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, or CSIRO, Australia's national science agency, has been calculating where the wind and ocean currents may have carried debris from Flight 370.
They are using a technique known as drift modelling, which relies on data from satellites equipped with altimeters, instruments that measure sea levels to an accuracy of 10 centimeters, and buoys, which use telemetry to relay information about sea levels and ocean currents.
Objects carried in the water, such as aircraft debris, naturally travel along the low contours – which essentially serve as marine highways – and around the oceanic mounds, he continued. "Effectively any debris would follow the contours," he said.
Even the storms that forced the suspension of search operations Tuesday do not affect the team's drift models, Dr. Griffin said, since objects would still stick to the low contours, though they may travel much more quickly in strong winds.
The oceanographers have used the data from the drift models to construct a dynamic, moving map of the sea that allows them to visualize how the marine highways might have moved since the day of the crash on March 8. They can then effectively rewind the journey taken by any debris they find and trace its route back along the marine troughs to its point of origin – the crash site.
There's just one problem: So far no debris from Flight 370 has been recovered.
All the team has to go on at the moment, said Dr. Griffin, are pixelated satellite images of objects that may just be flotsam unrelated to Flight 370.
Rewinding the routes these objects took has nonetheless yielded positive results.
The objects came from an area very close to where Inmarsat satellite data put the plane on the day of last contact, Dr. Griffin said, referring to the U.K.-based satellite company whose information was used to track the aircraft to its final point somewhere in the Indian Ocean.
That means investigators already know roughly where Flight 370 came down – but the area is far from small or specific. Now, 19 days after Flight 370 was lost, Dr. Griffin and his team are "looking at maps of debris possibly over hundreds of kilometers," he said.
Time is not on their side.
"You can really only follow things with any certainty for a couple of weeks. We're getting to the end now of the time when you can backtrack to the original location," explained Dr. Griffin.
The search teams scouring the southern Indian Ocean for traces of the Malaysia Airlines plane need to find some debris conclusively linked to it very soon, otherwise the oceanography team will no longer be able to apply their model and calculate where the plane ended up.
Without their help it could take months, or even years, to pinpoint the wreckage.
–Trefor Moss


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Garth Brooks concert special brings ratings to CBS
Listen to Garth Brooks on iHeartRadio
Garth Brooks is helping CBS to a ratings win.
"The Hollywood Reporter" says the country star's concert special, "Live From Las Vegas," was the top draw on Friday night, even without much of a lead-in.
Viewership was down compared to last year for the holiday specials that opened the night - Hoops & Yoyo Ruin Christmas and The Elf on the Shelf - but CBS still won with 6.7 million viewers tuning in during primetime.
On ABC, How the Grinch Stole Christmas and Shrek the Halls also saw a drop in viewers, and along with "20/20" attracted five-point-one-million viewers Friday night.
NBC fared slightly better, with a primetime audience of 5.2 million for "Dateline," "Grimm," and "Dracula."
Fox aired episodes of "Bones" and "Raising Hope" for 2.3 million viewers.
1.1 million tuned in to The CW for Grandma Got Run Over By A Reindeer and "Nikita."
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Aaron from Scottsdale, AZ. asks:
Is there any way to get rid of that little information box that pops up every time I hover over something on my desktop?
Irritating sometimes, isn't it, Aaron? Thanks for writing!
For those of you who don't know what Aaron's talking about, take a look at the example below:
When your mouse pointer "hovers" over (you aren't clicking on it) whatever you are looking at or want to open, it brings up a little box with a description of what it is, a lot of which you may not care about. The one above, for example, informs you that it is a Word Document (which you know), the size (which you probably don't need), the last time the file was changed or worked on (which is how you know this tip is new) and that it is one page long (with it only being 23.5 KB, I kind of thought that, anyway).
If you don't need or want that information displayed every single time you hover over something on your desktop, then here's how to get rid of it the really easy way:
First, left-click on your Start button.
After you click on your Start button, do one of these three things:
Option #1: Open any folder. Go up to the left-hand corner of your screen and left-click on Organize, then left-click on Folder and Search Options.
Option #2: Open any folder. Press the Alt key and a bar will appear right above Organize, which has File, Edit, etc. Go to Tools and left-click, and then left-click on Folder Options.
Option #3: Point to your Start button and left-click. Right above it is the search bar. Type in Folder Options and when the result comes up (on the very top), click on that.
After choosing one of the options above, a box will pop up with three tabs across the top. Left-click on the View tab (it's in the middle). Next, uncheck the box next to Show pop-up description for folder and desktop items. Left-click on Apply, then left-click on OK.
That's it!
Let's run it through one more time:
Choose an Option (one of three).
Click on View and uncheck the box.
No more irritating text descriptions anymore, Aaron! And again, thanks for writing!
~ Lori Cline


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The share market has fallen as weaker commodity prices and concerns that banks may be over-priced caused falls in the heavyweight sectors.
Investors sold out of ANZ despite its record $3.5 billion half year profit and higher dividend, and that selling spread to its rivals, who have all enjoyed strong share price growth so far in 2014.
"ANZ unleashed a set of impressive numbers prior to market open and beat analyst expectations across the board," CMC Markets sales trader Betty Lam said.
"This was not enough to impress a tough crowd, who for the most part had already bought the bank up to record highs earlier in the week."
ANZ shares dropped 40 cents to $34.07, Westpac lost 42 cents to $34.70, National Australia Bank shed 59 cents to $34.71 and Commonwealth Bank was 26 cents lower at $78.64.
Mining stocks also dropped as the price of iron ore hit another low overnight.
In the mining sector, BHP Billiton dropped 25 cents to $37.50, Rio Tinto shed 91 cents to $60.77 and Fortescue Metals was 20 cents lower at $4.85.
The release of manufacturing data from China, which showed a small increase in activity, failed to influence the local market, Ms Lam said.
Woolworths dropped 80 cents to $36.52, continuing its falls from the previous day fuelled by weaker than expected sales growth.
Wesfarmers, the owner of rival Coles, gained four cents to $42.75.
Telstra lost two cents to $5.20.
* The benchmark S&P/ASX200 index dropped 40.3 points, or 0.73 per cent, to 5,448.8 points.
* The broader All Ordinaries index lost 40.4 points, or 0.74 per cent, at 5,430.4 points.
* On the ASX 24 at 1621 AEST, the June share price index futures contract was 35 points lower at 5,434 points, with 28,206 contracts traded.
* The price of gold in Sydney at 1700 AEST was $US1,286.21 per fine ounce, down $US6.05 on Wednesday's closing price of $US1,292.26.
* National turnover was 1.8 billion securities worth $5.6 billion.


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Security Guard Shoots Bar Patron
A man is being treated after he was shot by a security guard at a north side bar, 1200 WOAI news reports.
It happened around 2AM in a bar in the 500 block of Hildebrand.
Police say the guard had approached the man, who was sitting in his car in the parking lot, and asked him to leave the premises, because the bar was closing.
Instead, police say the driver threw the car into reverse and hit the security guard before speeding away.
The guard pulled his gun and fired one shot into the fleeing vehicle.
The driver showed up at a hospital about an hour later. The guard was not seriously hurt and police are trying to figure out who will be charged with what.


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Frank Colson isn't just an artist; he's an artist "inventor" as he likes to call himself. "Often, I don't know what I am looking for until I find it," he says. It seems as though he has found it with Laser Pegs.
Colson found Laser Pegs on the cover of Edmund Scientifics Catalog, a tech publication he referenced for a book he was writing about materials NASA was developing. Intrigued by what he saw – much like his younger counter parts – he had to get a hands-on experience.
As if in a moment of epiphany, which Colson likes to call 'creative inertia,' the application of Laser Pegs was obvious: art! He used his skills as a sculptor to discover the 'essence' of the toy, and as he would with clay, metal, or fabric began building forms of his own from these lighted pegs. And in doing so saw the many possibilities with the pegs in the range of light emission, colors, brightness and darkness. "It was like a painter being handed a pallet of colors in a different form than ever seen before!" exclaims Colson.
With play and experimentation, Colson quickly found himself innovating and inventing new ways to express himself with the pegs. He is moving in a direction of representing emotions and portraying life forms. As his efforts move on from abstract he offers up "Luminescent Sea Anemones I" and "Luminescent Sea Anemones II."
Colson is excited about bringing on other compatible light fixtures with the Laser Pegs and has already included Laser Laces into the mix, as represented with "…Anemones." His hope is to ultimately use Laser Pegs as the base for lighting up to 1,000 fiber-optic strands! We're excited you're lighting the world up in a different way with Laser Pegs, Frank Colson, and appreciate that you are "always looking for something which no-one sees." You're an inspiration to the young – and young at heart.
To learn more about Frank Colson's work head to www.frankcolson.com


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the key is used for encrypting along with essid and.... the point is with the other variables known, the crack encrypts with them based off a dictionary looking for an ecrypted handshake match. if it finds one, it found your key.
hi guys,
just for educational purpose, i am wondering what is the actual idea behind cracking WPA/WPA2-PSK with aircrack-ng?
ok, i know that we need to capture first the 4-way authentication handshake first in order to crack the PSK. and i also know the whole process how to successful done that to get the key cracked. but here my idea is the actual aircrack-ng technique regarding the key cracking process.
in the tutorial: how to crack WPA/WPA2 on the aircrack-ng website, it is written that 4-way handshake packets is captured and used to break the pre-shared key PSK. but as far as i know, in the 4-way handshake process, the actual PSK key is not shared between the client and the access point AP. the only information shared between the client and the AP are ANonce, SNonce+MIC, Ack, etc... but not the PSK itself. PSK is shared between the client and the AP BEFORE the 4-way handshake.
here is the source of my reference for more idea about 4-way handshake and PSK. http://www.airtightnetworks.com/home...er/80211i.html
Thus my question is how does the aircrack-ng process the PSK through the 4-way handshake even though the PSK itself is not included inside the handshake? or may be i got the total wrong idea for all... And again this is only for educational purpose to know more about the WPA/WPA2 cracking process.
And my second thought is, although i know how to deauthenticate the victim client to force the authentication process in BT5, how would my wireless station let the victim client knows that it is no longer associated with the AP? is that by injecting the spoofed deauthentication packet, as if the deauth packet is sent from the AP, meaning spoofing the sending address in the deauth packet as AP and the destination address be the victim client?
thx alot ......
the key is used for encrypting along with essid and.... the point is with the other variables known, the crack encrypts with them based off a dictionary looking for an ecrypted handshake match. if it finds one, it found your key.
You capture original handshake, then you trying to imitate that handshake, once you done, you go to that AP again and give him that same handshake, AP thinks, -"Oh..it's you again". smth like tht lol.
I think you don't have to capture it either, just brutforce it on place, but the problem is lack of resources (notebook) and tools. This is why you have to capture it, so you going home where pyrit holds terabytes of hashes and CUDA does it 10 times faster.
Reading the documentation on the aircrack-ng website will answer your questions. As this has been widely covered for years there is no more need to redo it here.
To be successful here you should read all of the following.
If you are new to Back|Track
Back|Track Wiki
Failure to do so will probably get your threads deleted or worse.


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Gastronomy, well-being and conviviality at the gates of the Burgundy region
The Côte Saint-Jacques, Jean-Michel Lorain's gourmet restaurant, Relais & Châteaux hotel, is situated at the gates of the Burgundy region, one and a half hours from Paris.
Nestled in an enchanting location and offering a superb view of the River Yonne, our establishment was founded by Marie Lorain almost 70 years ago. Here, luxury is synonymous with the warmth and hospitality of a family home.
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