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Science says: In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.
Over the last 30 years of global warming, the sun has shown a slight cooling trend. Sun and climate are going in opposite directions. This has led a number of scientists independently concluding that the sun cannot be the cause of recent global warming.
One of the most common and persistent climate myths is that the sun is the cause. This argument is made by cherry picking the data - showing past periods when sun and climate move together but ignoring the last few decades when the two diverge.
Science says: In the last 35 years of global warming, the sun has shown a slight cooling trend. Sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.
As supplier of almost all the energy in Earth's climate, the sun has a strong influence on climate. A comparison of sun and climate over the past 1150 years found temperatures closely match solar activity (Usoskin 2005). However, after 1975, temperatures rose while solar activity showed little to no long-term trend. This led the study to conclude, "...during these last 30 years the solar total irradiance, solar UV irradiance and cosmic ray flux has not shown any significant secular trend, so that at least this most recent warming episode must have another source."
In fact, a number of independent measurements of solar activity indicate the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1960, over the same period that global temperatures have been warming. Over the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been moving in opposite directions. An analysis of solar trends concluded that the sun has actually contributed a slight cooling influence in recent decades (Lockwood 2008).
Annual global temperature change (thin light red) with 11 year moving average of temperature (thick dark red). Temperature from NASA GISS. Annual Total Solar Irradiance (thin light blue) with 11 year moving average of TSI (thick dark blue). TSI from 1880 to 1978 from Krivova et al 2007 (data). TSI from 1979 to 2009 from PMOD.
Foster and Rahmstorf (2011) used multiple linear regression to quantify and remove the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and solar and volcanic activity from the surface and lower troposphere temperature data. They found that from 1979 to 2010, solar activity had a very slight cooling effect of between -0.014 and -0.023°C per decade, depending on the data set (figure above, table below).
Trends in °C per decade of the signal components due to MEI, AOD and TSI in the regression of global temperature, for each of the five temperature records from 1979 to 2010.
Like Foster and Rahmstorf, Lean and Rind (2008) performed a multiple linear regression on the temperature data, and found that while solar activity can account for about 11% of the global warming from 1889 to 2006, it can only account for 1.6% of the warming from 1955 to 2005, and had a slight cooling effect (-0.004°C per decade) from 1979 to 2005.
A number of studies have used a variety of statistical and physical approaches to determine the contribution of greenhouse gases and other effects to the observed global warming, like Lean & Rind and Foster & Rahmstorf. And like those studies, they find a relatively small solar contribution to global warming, particularly in recent decades (Figure 3).
Other studies on solar influence on climate
This conclusion is confirmed by many studies finding that while the sun contributed to warming in the early 20th Century, it has had little contribution (most likely negative) in the last few decades:
- Huber and Knutti (2011): "Even for a reconstruction with high variability in total irradiance, solar forcing contributed only about 0.07°C (0.03-0.13°C) to the warming since 1950."
- Erlykin 2009: "We deduce that the maximum recent increase in the mean surface temperature of the Earth which can be ascribed to solar activity is 14% of the observed global warming."
- Benestad 2009: "Our analysis shows that the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980."
- Lockwood 2008: "It is shown that the contribution of solar variability to the temperature trend since 1987 is small and downward; the best estimate is -1.3% and the 2? confidence level sets the uncertainty range of -0.7 to -1.9%."
- Lean 2008: "According to this analysis, solar forcing contributed negligible long-term warming in the past 25 years and 10% of the warming in the past 100 years..."
- Lockwood 2008: "The conclusions of our previous paper, that solar forcing has declined over the past 20 years while surface air temperatures have continued to rise, are shown to apply for the full range of potential time constants for the climate response to the variations in the solar forcings."
- Ammann 2007: "Although solar and volcanic effects appear to dominate most of the slow climate variations within the past thousand years, the impacts of greenhouse gases have dominated since the second half of the last century."
- Lockwood 2007: "The observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after 1985 cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanism is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified."
- Foukal 2006 concludes "The variations measured from spacecraft since 1978 are too small to have contributed appreciably to accelerated global warming over the past 30 years."
- Scafetta 2006 says "since 1975 global warming has occurred much faster than could be reasonably expected from the sun alone."
- Usoskin 2005 conclude "during these last 30 years the solar total irradiance, solar UV irradiance and cosmic ray flux has not shown any significant secular trend, so that at least this most recent warming episode must have another source.
- Solanki 2004 reconstructs 11,400 years of sunspot numbers using radiocarbon concentrations, finding "solar variability is unlikely to have been the dominant cause of the strong warming during the past three decades".
- Haigh 2003 says "Observational data suggest that the Sun has influenced temperatures on decadal, centennial and millennial time-scales, but radiative forcing considerations and the results of energy-balance models and general circulation models suggest that the warming during the latter part of the 20th century cannot be ascribed entirely to solar effects."
- Stott 2003 increased climate model sensitivity to solar forcing and still found "most warming over the last 50 yr is likely to have been caused by increases in greenhouse gases."
- Solanki 2003 concludes "the Sun has contributed less than 30% of the global warming since 1970."
- Lean 1999 concludes "it is unlikely that Sun–climate relationships can account for much of the warming since 1970."
- Waple 1999 finds "little evidence to suggest that changes in irradiance are having a large impact on the current warming trend."
- Frolich 1998 concludes "solar radiative output trends contributed little of the 0.2°C increase in the global mean surface temperature in the past decade."
Science says: In the last 35 years of global warming, the sun has shown a slight cooling trend. Sun and climate have been going in opposite directions. In the past century, the Sun can explain some of the increase in global temperatures, but a relatively small amount.
It's often considered "common sense" that global warming is caused by the Sun. After all, the Sun is the source of almost all of the energy on Earth. The Sun has both direct and indirect influences over the Earth's temperature, and we can evaluate whether these effects could be responsible for a significant amount of the recent global warming. As shown in the Intermediate level rebuttal of this argument, dozens of studies have concluded that the Sun simply cannot account for the recent global warming, but here we'll go through the calculations for ourselves.
Direct solar effect
The Sun's largest influence on the Earth's surface temperature is through incoming solar radiation, also known as total solar irradiance (TSI). Changes in TSI can be converted into a radiative forcing, which tells us the energy imbalance it causes on Earth. This energy imbalance is what causes a global temperature change.
The solar radiative forcing is TSI in Watts per square meter (W-m-2) divided by 4 to account for spherical geometry, and multiplied by 0.7 to account for planetary albedo (Meehl 2002). The albedo factor is due to the fact that the planet reflects approximately 30% of the incoming solar radiation.
This is a very straightforward and easy to understand formula - the larger the change in solar irradiance, the larger the energy imbalance it causes, and thus the larger the radiative forcing. Studies have reconstructed TSI over the past 300 years. Wang, Lean, and Sheeley (2005) compared a flux transport model with geomagnetic activity and cosmogenic isotope records and to derive a reconstruction of TSI since 1713.
Satellites have directly measured TSI since 1978.
As you can see, over the past 32 years, TSI has remained unchanged on average. In the early 20th century, from about 1900 to 1950 there was an increase in TSI from about 1365.5 to 1366 W-m-2. The change in global temperature in response to a radiative forcing is:
Where 'dT' is the change in the Earth's average surface temperature, 'λ' is the climate sensitivity, usually with units in Kelvin or degrees Celsius per Watts per square meter (°C/[W-m-2]), and 'dF' is the radiative forcing.
So now to calculate the change in temperature, we just need to know the climate sensitivity. Studies have given a possible range of values of 2 to 4.5°C warming for a doubling of CO2 (IPCC 2007), which corresponds to a range of 0.54 to 1.2°C/(W-m-2) for λ. We can then calculate the change in global temperature caused by the increase in TSI since 1900 using the formulas above. Although Wang, Lean, and Sheeley's reconstruction puts the change in TSI since 1900 at about 0.5 W-m-2, previous studies have shown a larger change, so we'll estimate the change in TSI at 0.5 to 2 W-m-2.
with a most likely value of 0.15°C
We can confirm this by comparing the calculation to empirical observations. From 1900 to 1950 the Earth's surface temperature warmed by about 0.4°C. Over that period, humans increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by about 20 parts per million by volume. This corresponds to an anthropogenic warming of:
with a most likely value of 0.22°C.
Therefore, the solar forcing combined with the anthropogenic CO2 forcing and other minor forcings (such as decreased volcanic activity) can account for the 0.4°C warming in the early 20th century, with the solar forcing accounting for about 40% of the total warming. Over the past century, this increase in TSI is responsible for about 15-20% of global warming (Meehl 2004). But since TSI hasn't increased in at least the past 32 years (and more like 60 years, based on reconstructions), the Sun is not directly responsible for the warming over that period.
Foster and Rahmstorf (2011) used multiple linear regression to quantify and remove the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and solar and volcanic activity from the surface and lower troposphere temperature data. They found that since 1979, solar activity has had a very slight cooling effect of between -0.014 and -0.023°C per decade, depending on the data set (Table 1, Figure 3).
Like Foster and Rahmstorf, Lean and Rind (2008) performed a multiple linear regression on the temperature data, and found that while solar activity can account for about 11% of the global warming from 1889 to 2006, it can only account for 1.6% of the warming from 1955 to 2005, and had a slight cooling effect (-0.004°C per decade) from 1979 to 2005.
Note that this multiple linear regression technique it makes no assumptions about various solar effects. Any solar effect (either direct or indirect) which is correlated to solar activity (i.e. solar irradiance, solar magnetic field [and thus galactic cosmic rays], ultraviolet [UV] radiation, etc.) is accounted for in the linear regression. Both Lean and Rind and Foster and Rahmstorf found that solar activity has played a very small role in the recent observed global warming.
Indirect Solar Effects
Ultraviolet Radiation
It has also been proposed that ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which varies more than other solar irradiance wavelengths, could amplify the solar influence on the global climate through interactions with the stratosphere and atmospheric ozone. Shindell et al. (1999) examined this possibility, but found that while this UV variability has a significant influence over regional temperatures, it has little effect on global surface temperatures.
"Solar cycle variability may therefore play a significant role in regional surface temperatures, even though its influence on the global mean surface temperature is small (0.07 K for December–February)."
Moreover, Shindell et al. found that anthropogenic ozone depletion (via chlorofluorocarbon emissions) may have reduced the impact of UV variability on the climate, and may have even offset it entirely.
"Another consideration is that upper stratospheric ozone has decreased significantly since the 1970s as a result of destruction by halogens released from chlorofluorocarbons. This ozone decrease, which has been much larger than the modeled solar-induced ozone increases, may have limited the ability of solar irradiance changes to affect climate over recent decades, or may have even offset those effects."
Galactic cosmic rays
Henrik Svensmark has proposed that galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) could exert significant influence over global temperatures (Svensmark 1998). The theory goes that the solar magnetic field deflects GCRs, which are capable of seeding cloud formation on Earth. So if solar magnetic field were to increase, fewer GCRs would reach Earth, seeding fewer low-level clouds, which are strongly reflective. So an increased solar magnetic field can indirectly decrease the Earth's albedo (reflectivity), thus causing the planet to warm. Thus in order for this theory to be plausible,
- Solar magnetic field must have a long-term positive trend.
- Galactic cosmic ray flux on Earth must have a long-term negative trend.
- Cosmic rays must successfully seed low-level clouds.
- Low-level cloud cover must have a long-term negative trend.
Fortunately we have empirical observations with which to test these requirements.
Solar magnetic field
Solar magnetic field strength correlates strongly with other solar activity, such as TSI and sunspot number. As is the case with these other solar attributes, solar magnetic field has not changed appreciably over the past three decades (Lockwood 2001).
Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux
Cosmic ray flux on Earth has been monitored since the mid-20th century, and has shown no significant trend over that period.
Figure 4. Cosmic Ray Intensity (blue) and Sunspot Number (green) from 1951 to 2006 (University of New Hampshire).
GCR Cloud Seeding
Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of GCRs in cloud formation. Kazil et al. (2006) found:
"the variation of ionization by galactic cosmic rays over the decadal solar cycle does not entail a response...that would explain observed variations in global cloud cover"
Sloan and Wolfendale (2008) found:
"we estimate that less than 23%, at the 95% confidence level, of the 11-year cycle changes in the globally averaged cloud cover observed in solar cycle 22 is due to the change in the rate of ionization from the solar modulation of cosmic rays."
Kristjansson et al. (2008) found:
"no statistically significant correlations were found between any of the four cloud parameters and GCR"
Calogovic et al. (2010) found:
"no response of global cloud cover to Forbush decreases at any altitude and latitude."
Kulmala et al. (2010) also found
"galactic cosmic rays appear to play a minor role for atmospheric aerosol formation events, and so for the connected aerosol-climate effects as well."
Low-Level Cloud Cover
Unfortunately observational low-level cloud cover data is somewhat lacking and even yields contradictory results. Norris et al. (2007) found
"Global mean time series of surface- and satellite-observed low-level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets....The surface-observed low-level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5%-sky-cover increase between 1952 and 1997. Unless low-level cloud albedo substantially decreased during this time period, the reduced solar absorption caused by the reported enhancement of cloud cover would have resulted in cooling of the climate system that is inconsistent with the observed temperature record."
So the jury is still out regarding whether or not there's a long-term trend in low-level cloud cover.
Inability to explain other observations
In addition to these multiple lines of empirical evidence which contradict the GCR warming theory, the galactic cosmic ray theory cannot easily explain the cooling of the upper atmosphere, greater warming at night, or greater warming at higher latitudes. These are fingerprints of the increased greenhouse effect, the major mechanism of anthropogenic global warming.
Dansgaard-Oeschger Events
Some individuals, most notably Fred Singer, have argued that Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events could be causing the current global warming. D-O events are rapid climate fluctuations that occur quasi-periodically with a 1,470-year recurrance time and which, according to Singer, are "likely caused by the sun." However, there is significant debate as to the cause of these D-O events, with changes in solar output being just one possibility (NOAA Paleoclimatology).
Regardless, the most obvious flaw in this argument is that the planet wasn't warming 1,470 years ago. The previous warm event was the Medieval Warm Period approximately 1,000 years ago.
Bond et al. (1999) added further evidence that the timing of D-O events disqualifies them from being responsible for the current warming, by showing that the most recent D-O event may have contributed to the Little Ice Age (LIA):
"evidence from cores near Newfoundland confirms previous suggestions that the Little lce Age was the most recent cold phase of the 1-2kyr cycle"
And a study by Rahmstorf (2003) also concludes that the LIA may be the most recent cold phase of the D-O cycle, and his research suggests that the 1,470-year periodicity is so regular that it's more likely due to an orbital cycle than a solar cycle.
"While the earlier estimate of ±20% [Schulz, 2002] is consistent with a solar cycle (the 11-year sunspot cycle varies in period by ±14%), a much higher precision would point more to an orbital cycle. The closest cycle known so far is a lunar cycle of 1,800 years [De Rop, 1971], which cannot be reconciled with the 1,470-year pacing found in the Greenland data. The origin of this regular pacing thus remains a mystery."
However, according to Braun et al. (2005), D-O events could be caused by a combination of solar cycles and freshwater input into the North Atlantic Ocean. But their study also concludes that D-O events are not expected to occur during the Holocene (the current geologic epoch).
"the 1,470-year climate response in the simulation is restricted to glacial climate and cannot be excited for substantially different (such as Holocene) boundary conditions...Thus, our mechanism for the glacial ,1,470-year climate cycle is also consistent with the lack of a clear and pronounced 1,470-year cycle in Holocene climate archives."
The bottom line is that regardless of whether or not the D-O cycles are triggered by the Sun, the timing is clearly not right for this cycle to be responsible for the current warming. Particularly since solar output has not increased in approximately 60 years, and has only increased a fraction of a percent in the past 300 years, as discussed above.
Ironically, prior to publishing a book in 2007 which blamed the current warming on D-O cycles, Singer argued that the planet wasn't warming as recently as 2003. So the planet isn't warming, but it's warming due to the D-O cycles? It's quite clear that in reality, neither of these contradictory arguments is even remotely correct.
Inability to explain empirical observations
Aside from the fact that solar effects cannot physically explain the recent global warming, as with GCRs, there are several empirical observations which solar warming could not account for. For example, if global warming were due to increased solar output, we would expect to see all layers of the atmosphere warm, and more warming during the day when the surface is bombarded with solar radiation than at night. Instead we observe a cooling of the upper atmosphere and greater warming at night, which are fingerprints of the increased greenhouse effect.
Conservation of Energy
Huber and Knutti (2011) have published a paper in Nature Geoscience, Anthropogenic and natural warming inferred from changes in Earth's energy balance. They take an approach in this study which utilizes the principle of conservation of energy for the global energy budget, and summarize their methodology:
"We use a massive ensemble of the Bern2.5D climate model of intermediate complexity, driven by bottom-up estimates of historic radiative forcing F, and constrained by a set of observations of the surface warming T since 1850 and heat uptake Q since the 1950s....Between 1850 and 2010, the climate system accumulated a total net forcing energy of 140 x 1022 J with a 5-95% uncertainty range of 95-197 x 1022 J, corresponding to an average net radiative forcing of roughly 0.54 (0.36-0.76)Wm-2."
Essentially, Huber and Knutti take the estimated global heat content increase since 1850, calculate how much of the increase is due to various estimated radiative forcings, and partition the increase between increasing ocean heat content and outgoing longwave radiation. The authors note that more than 85% of the global heat uptake (Q) has gone into the oceans, including increasing the heat content of the deeper oceans, although their model only accounts for the upper 700 meters.
Figure 6 is a similar graphic to that presented in Meehl et al. (2004), comparing the average global surface warming simulated by the model using natural forcings only (blue), anthropogenic forcings only (red), and the combination of the two (gray).
Figure 6. Time series of anthropogenic and natural forcings contributions to total simulated and observed global temperature change. The colored shadings denote the 5-95% uncertainty range.
In Figure 7, Huber and Knutti break down the anthropogenic and natural forcings into their individual components to quantify the amount of warming caused by each since the 1850s (Figure 7b), 1950s (7c), and projected from 2000 to 2050 using the IPCC SRES A2 emissions scenario as business-as-usual (7d).
Figure 7. Contributions of individual forcing agents to the total decadal temperature change for three time periods. Error bars denote the 5–95% uncertainty range. The grey shading shows the estimated 5–95% range for internal variability based on the CMIP3 climate models. Observations are shown as dashed lines.
Solar and volcanic activity are the main natural forcings included in the Huber and Knutti study. Both are slightly positive since 1850, and account for approximately 0.2°C of the observed 0.8°C surface warming over that period. Since 1950, the volcanic forcing has been negative due to a few significant eruptions, and has offset the modestly positive solar forcing, such that the net natural external forcing contribution to global warming over the past 50 years is approximately zero (more specifically, the authors estimate the natural forcing contribution since 1950 at -10 to +13%, with a most likely value of 1%).
The authors also note that they chose a reconstruction with high variability in solar irradiance, so if anything they may have overestimated the natural contribution to the observed warming.
"Even for a reconstruction with high variability in total irradiance, solar forcing contributed only about 0.07°C (0.03-0.13°C) to the warming since 1950."
Other Attribution Studies
A number of studies have used a variety of statistical and physical approaches to determine the contribution of greenhouse gases and other effects to the observed global warming, like Lean & Rind, Foster & Rahmstorf, and Huber & Knutti. And like those studies, they find a relatively small solar contribution to global warming, particularly in recent decades (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Solar contribution to global warming according to Meehl et al. 2004 (M04, blue), Stone et al. 2007 (S07, red), Lean and Rind 2008 (LR08, green), and Huber and Knutti 2011 (HK11, purple).
It's not the Sun
As illustrated above, neither direct nor indirect solar influences can explain a significant amount of the global warming over the past century, and certainly not over the past 30 years. As Ray Pierrehumbert said about solar warming,
"That's a coffin with so many nails in it already that the hard part is finding a place to hammer in a new one."


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- Home
- Events
- Attractions
- Lodging
- Dining
- Plan Your Trip
Celebrate all year long at Fairfield County's many Festivals! Enjoy the arts, food, classic cars, agriculture, cultural heritage, and more at our many special events. Check out Calendar of Events for exact Event dates.
Location: Buckeye Lake area -- January
2017 Dates: January 28-29. Start the year off with a bang! Fireworks, an arts festival, live music, a tour around the lake, and lots of fun activities will help warm you up. See Benny the Bass swim up to make the season's first prediction of coming spring, and then jump right in for the Polar Plunge!
Location: Fairfield County Fairgrounds, 157 E Fair Ave, Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- January
2017 Dates: January 14-15. A celebraton of Native American cultures, this event brings together representatives from almost 50 tribes and more than 200 dancers. The annual two-day powwow also features several Native nations' musicians, drummers and flutists, traditional crafts and jewelry, children's activities, artisans, food vendors, and more. The Grand Entry Parade, held each day at noon, is a must-see! For more information call (740) 304-9720
Location: Alley Park S of Lancaster, Ohio off Rt 33 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- March
2017 Date: March 11. The best way to rise and shine! Join us for this morning festival that celebrates the sweetness of spring. Watch a live tree tapping demonstration, check out some wood carving, visit the sugar house for sweet treats, and stick around for the pancake breakfast starring - you guessed it - real maple syrup!
Location: Fairfield County Fairgrounds, 157 E Fair Ave, Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- May
2017 Dates: May 12-14. This free festival has entertainment galore! Find your favorite activity here with amusement park rides, delicious food, an arts and crafts show, a Marbles Tournament, car shows, and more. Free admission.
Location: Fairfield County Fairgrounds, 157 E Fair Ave, Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- June
2017 Dates: June 3-4. Established in 1957, the Lancaster Old Car Club is one of Ohio's oldest car clubs. Each summer, the group hosts the Lancaster Old Car Club Spring Festival showcasing the most classic and unique cars in the region. The festival itself features an automobile swap meet, a car corral, judging and awards, and a cruise. Visitors will appreciate the sleek lines and shiny surfaces of these meticulously preserved antique beauties.
Location: around town and at the Ohio University, Lancaster Branch Campus Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- July
2017 Dates: July 19-29.
2017 Featured Entertainment: The Beach Boys.
The Lancaster Festival is one of the largest events in Fairfield County. It is a world class celebration of Music and the Arts. Designed to fully celebrate artistic creativity, it serves as the foundation of community efforts to nurture participation in the arts year-round. Art events include Italian street painting, dance performances, art walks, children's hands-on-adventures, and more. A great experience for the entire family.
Location: Carroll Downtown - August
The Carroll Old Timers Association has presented this fun event since 1963, and the Festival continues to offer a variety of entertainment and activities. From corn hol and a dog show to a kids pageant, men's and women's old time baseball games, pie contest, kiddie tractor pull, car show, karate, release of pigeons, and crowning of the king and queen, there is old-fashioned fun for everyone!
Location: 220 Summers Choice Dr., Baltimore, Ohio 43105 -- August
The Village Baltimore hosts this fun, family-friendly event each year. Great family-friendly festival! Car Show, Queen's Pageant, Parade, food vendors, more.
Location: Millersport Historic Lions Park, Chautauqua Blvd Millersport, Ohio 43046 -- August
2017 Dates: August 30 - September 2
2017 Featured Entertainment: Restless Heart - September 1, Pam Tillis and Collin Raye - September 2.
This a-maize-ing festival is about more than celebrating on of Ohio's favorite crops. What began in the 1940's as a fundraiser has grown into a four-day event filled with entertainment, Live music, arts, crafts, a parade, pageant, tractor pull, 5K run, and more means there is something for everyone. Check out the historic sites of the Heritage Village, where you can learn all about the famous 1948 corn husker -- one of only two left in the nation. You don't want to miss the corn-eating contest!
Location: E Columbus St. Lithopolis, Ohio 43136 - September
2017 Dates: September 8-9
How sweet it is! This non-profit event helps raise awareness of the importance of hiney bees, especially for their impact on crop pollination around the globe. Over the course of one weekend, you will learn all about different varieties of honey, the science and industry behind beekeeping, and how honey can be used medicinally. See all sorts of products producted straight from the hive. Watch as honey is extracted from the comb, delight in bee beards, and hear some great musci while you are at it. There is also a honey bakeoff, mead tasting, and plenty of arts and crafts for sale. Check it out or you will "bee" sorry! Free admission.
Location: Amanda, Ohio -- September
The Amanda Firefighters Festival is a family-freindly event complete with children's rides, festival-style foods, games, entertainment, parades, a kiddie tractor pull, car show and more. The festival is free, and all are welcome! For more information, call (740) 969-2629.
Location: Alley Park Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- September
The Frontier Players Association is proud to be presenting their annual production of Frontier Spirit 1799. The production tells about life in a 1799-era village, highlighting numerous demonstrations by costumed reenactors including artillery fireing, militia drill, and trades. 18th century musicians will perform through the day and guests can play games common to the late 1700s. Step back in time and experience what life was like for settlers in the Ohio Territory.
Location: Fairfield County Fairgrounds, 157 E Fair Ave, Lancaster, Ohio 43130 -- October
2017 Dates: October 8 - 14
Last County fair of the year. Animals, rides, entertainment, fair food. Family fun. Free admission on October 8.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ali Golden Roll Sleeve T-shirt Dress - Olive
Ali Golden Roll Sleeve T-shirt Dress - Olive
Roll sleeve t-shirt dress in olive by Ali Golden. Lovely knit cotton midi dress. Rolled short sleeves and scoop neck.
mira mira
Nestled in sunny San Francisco, Mira Mira is a playful and feminine neighborhood boutique filled with stunning clothing, jewelry, accessories and apothecary goodies. Mira Pickett is the woman behind the boutique and has a sharp eye when it comes to curating an amazing edit of unusual yet beautiful wares. Mira also considers Jeanne Damas to be one of her style icons so you know that her taste must be on point. The store opened its doors in 2011, introducing the Mission District to a stunning roster of emerging indie designers and labels. Whether you are looking for a unique gift or a wardrobe essential, it's pretty much impossible to visit this boutique without finding at least one thing that you can't live without.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


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Rachel Weisz Gossip
Rachel Weisz gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Janet Mayer/ Brian Prahl/ Splash, DON EMMERT/ Theo Wargo/ Getty
There are certain words we are not allowed to say on daytime television. But what if one of those words is part of a proper name? We can say pussy willow if we're actually referring to pussy willows. I'm not sure if we'd be allowed to say Pussy Riot when referring to the band. Anyway, Pussy Riot was part of the Amnesty International benefit concert last night in Brooklyn. Full Story
Rachel & Daniel on stage
AKM-GSI/ Splash
They are the Brange for Sarah from Cinesnark. So seeing them holding hands on stage after the first night previews of Betrayal on Broadway will be like porn for her. Me I'm fully into their 70s wardrobe. That vest he's wearing is hilarious. Full Story
Rachel & Daniel for Sarah
Once in a while I need to be nice to Sarah from Cinesnark because she thinks I put up ugly pictures of Benedict Cumberbatch on purpose. It's just...really hard to find a good photo of him. Seriously. Anyway, Sarah has the Chicago sads this week because all the thumbs are down after Roger Ebert's passing. Full Story
The Witches
Oz: The Great And Powerful premiered last night in Hollywood. Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, and Michelle Williams, who play the three witches, were all making fashion statements. Least favourite: Mila Kunis. Whatever it was it looked like Marchesa. Ashton Kutcher showed up at the event too, only he tried to go undercover. Full Story
This is their work ethic
Lee Brown/ Splash
I must be the only loser to actually GAIN weight during the flu. Here are Rachel Weisz and Daniel Craig yesterday heading to the gym in heavy snow in New York instead of ordering up Sandra Bullock's While You Were Sleeping, eating bread and tomato bisque, and watching from under the covers. Full Story
Rachel & Daniel date night
TK/ Splash
If Sarah had a Robsten, it would be Rachel Weisz and Daniel Craig. During the Golden Globes live-blog, I could feel her, all the way in Chicago, wanting to turn the entire conversation into a mega gush about her favourite couple. They are indeed hot. And she makes him so. Here they are in New York last night, hand in hand, at the premiere of Cat On A Hot Tin Roof (Scarlett Johansson). Full Story
Worst Swiss Dot: Rachel Weisz
Jason Merritt/ Getty
Look, I don't want you to think I'm not in favour of change. I love change, and I loved the hint, last night, that the Golden Globes don't have to be quite as formal all the time as the other shows. Shorter dresses said hello and all. Do you think, though, that this is how we should be going, Weisz? Do you think this is a good example of how to change things up? Miles of see-through Swiss-Dot? Who does this benefit? I mean, I suppose it means you've honed your thighs to be the same circumference all the way down, but it doesn't make it a good look. Full Story
Rachel Weisz takes out Hushpuppy
The New York Film Critics Circle dropped a big surprise on award season yesterday in naming Rachel Weisz Best Actress for her performance in The Deep Blue Sea. Very, very few of the "Oscarologists" had her on their lists for the five nominee spots with the exception of Michael Musto from The Village Voice which, in hindsight, now totally makes sense. Full Story
7 Contenders (but soon there'll be 5)
The Hollywood Reporter has posted its video/transcript of the 2012 Actress Roundtable – 7 women were invited (Anne Hathaway, Amy Adams, Sally Field, Naomi Watts, Rachel Weisz, Helen Hunt and Marion Cotillard), but as we know only 5 will be nominated, and there's no guarantee it will be 5 exclusively from this group. Full Story
Tableside Affection
Charley/ FREDERIC J. BROWN/ Frazer/ Getty
Daniel Craig was honoured last night at the BAFTA Los Angeles Brittania Awards. He walked the carpet alone but was seated with wife Rachel Weisz inside. And...I'm not sure they knew the photographer was taking shots from this angle. Bonus for us! Smoulder is a cheesy word but in this case, I think it applies. Full Story
Mr & Mrs Bond hold hands in New York
I'm calling them that because it's fair to say, since we're a month away from the UK release date, that it's officially Bond season, an especially big deal right now as it's been four years. FOUR YEARS! Are you a Bond person? I'm not, really, but I know it's out there, the Bond love. Full Story


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Fashion's famed stylist, Rachel Zoe takes time out to answer questions submitted to her website in her "Ask Rachel" section. Recently, a RZ fan posed a question in search of fashionable supplies to inject some style into her school routine. As always, Zoe responded with expert advice, listing a variety of items that will make you want to sit & be seen at the head of the class.
Check out Rachel's "fashionably functional items" where she highlights Sharpie's new 80′s Glam Limited Edition Collection!
There are so many next level options to explore, from a See by Chloe Backpack to a shocking pink Marc by Marc Jacobs iPad Sleeve and Sharpie's 80′s Glam Markers. Browse my complete list of picks below and get ready to look ba-na-nas on campus! xoRZ
Forget your old school notion of backpacks and tote your books around in one of these:
1. See by Chloe Tomo Backpack
2. Badgley Mischka Canvas Backpack
3. Rebecca Minkoff Studded Backpack
Protect your precious gadgets at all times with iPad and laptop sleeves:
4. Marc by Marc Jacobs Jungle-embossed iPad Sleeve
5. Dannijo Reid iPad Case
6. Vanessa Bruno Sequin-embellished Laptop Case
The last step to accessorizing your education, throw these fashionably functional items in your bag:7. Kate Spade Spiral Calendar
8. Sharpie 80′s Glam Permanent Marker
9. byAMT CLE 2gb USB Key
10. Smythson Bright Ideas Notebook


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Twitter Updates (@PennWBB) | Facebook | Shop
PHILADELPHIA - Brooklyn is at stake as the Quakers have a chance to sweep both Brooklyn opponents this week. The largest comeback in Ivy League history led to a win at Saint Francis Brooklyn on Wednesday and now the Quakers (3-3) head back to the New York City borough to take on LIU-Brooklyn (2-4) at the Wellness Center. Tip off is at 2 p.m. Sunday.
Catching the Game
Video and live stats will be available on the LIUAthletics.com. A complete recap and box score can then be found at PennAthletics.com shortly after the conclusion of each game.
In the Series vs. LIU-Brooklyn
This will mark the first meeting between the Penn and LIU-Brooklyn programs. The Quakers just defeated St. Francis Brooklyn on Wednesday and improved to 5-1 against NEC opponents under fourth-year head coach Mike McLaughlin. That includes five straight wins dating back to a 12-point defeat to Mount St. Mary's in Coach McLaughlin's eighth game at the helm of the Red and Blue.
Record-Setting Win
Notables from Penn's 61-60 win at St. Francis Brooklyn on Wednesday:
- 19th largest comeback in NCAA history (18 points), and largest in Ivy League and school history
- 12th largest second-half comeback in NCAA history.
- Sophomore Kathleen Roche set school record with six threes in a half (all in second half comeback).
- Roche's six three's were one off the single-game record and fourth most all-time at Penn.
- Most three's Penn has made in a game (10) and allowed in a game (13) under Coach McLaughlin.
- Most second-half points Penn has scored (42) under Coach McLaughlin.
- Largest halftime deficit overcome (14) under Coach McLaughlin.
- The 18-point deficit was the largest lead for any team in a Penn game this season.
Reaching 1,000
Junior Alyssa Baron became the 19th Penn women's player to reach 1,000 career points. She is the third-fastest Quaker to accomplish that milestone (60 games) and the first since Carrie Biemer topped the landmark in 2008. Only Penn's all-time leading scorer (man or woman), Diana Caramanico (48 games) and Mandy West (52 games) were faster to 1,000 points. A two-time Ivy scoring champion, Baron became the first freshman in Ivy history to lead the league in scoring. She now has 1,019 points in her career, which ranks 17th all-time at Penn as she passed Beth Stegner (1980-83) in the win at St. Francis Brooklyn. She is now just five points behind Katarina Poulsen (1991-94) for 16th-place on Penn's all-time scoring list and 26 points behind Jen Dorfmeister (1989-92) for 15th.
Close Calls
All six of Penn's games have been decided by single digits, including four by five points or fewer, two by a single possession and one overtime game. Penn suffered three straight losses to start the season. But those came by a combined 17 points (average of 5.7 points per game). In two of those losses, Penn was within one possession and had the ball with under 10 seconds to play. Penn's three straight wins have been by a combined 15 points (5.0 ppg). Last year, the Red and Blue were 5-5 in games decided by 10 points or less.
Penn Trends
Penn has won seven of their last nine non-conference home games ... Four different Quakers have led the team in scoring this year, including three different players in the last three games ... Three different Quakers have scored more than 20 points in a game this season (Baron, Roche, Ray) ... Alyssa Baron has started 61 consecutive games for the Quakers ... Junior Meghan McCullough played in 59 straight games dating back to the 2010-11 season opener prior to missing the matchup with La Salle on Friday.
Penn Picked to Finish Fourth in Ivy League
After finishing last season in sixth place with a 6-8 Ivy League record, the Quakers were picked to finish fourth in the Ivy Preseason Media Poll. Last season, Penn was also picked to finish fourth in the Ivy League, but ended up finishing sixth for for the second season in a row.
A Penn Win Would...
... mark the first four-game winning streak since 2004-05.
... make the Quakers 4-3 on the year and 2-0 in Brooklyn.
A Penn Loss Would...
... be the first to LIU-Brooklyn.
... snap a five-game winning streak against NEC opponents.
... make the Quakers 3-4 on the year and 1-3 on the road.
... be less good than a win.
Charge for a Cure!
For the third straight year the women's basketball team is dedicating its entire season to the fight against several diseases and the team needs your help. In its first two years, 109 donors have joined the "Charge for a Cure" program which helped the team raise nearly $7,000. Each month of the season will be devoted to help a specific disease with personal ties to the program—The Michael J. Fox Foundation, Go4theGoal, the American Cancer Society, The Dave Bryan Ride on Fund, and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation of America. At the end of each month, the coaches will total the number of offensive charges the Quakers have taken as a team and fans can pledge a donation per charge. This month the Quakers will be taking charges for the Go4theGoal Foundation, but the team is turning to its fans to lend a hand in its efforts. Here is how you can help!
Join Today!
|Last Game:
|December Total:
|Season Total:
Last Time Out
Junior Alyssa Baron capped the largest comeback in school history with the winning basket with 6.4 seconds left. Penn trailed by 18 with 7:29 to play, but finished with a 22-3 run, including the game's final 15 points to win at St. Francis (N.Y.), 61-60, Wednesday night at the PPE Center in Brooklyn, N.Y. The win tied for the 19th-largest comeback in NCAA history and the 12th-largest second-half comeback in NCAA history. It was the all-time largest comeback for an Ivy League team. Sophomore Kathleen Roche set a school record for threes in a half. All six of her treys (one off the Penn single-game record) came in the second half. St. Francis Brooklyn led 57-39 at the 7:29 mark. Penn made a quick 7-0 run to cut the deficit to 11, but the Terriers scored three straight and held a comfortable 60-46 lead with 5:17 remaining. They never scored again. Penn clawed within 60-54 with 2:05 left. The Quakers forced a turnover and Roche hit her sixth three of the half. After a defensive stop, Baron missed a three, but Ray was there with the rebound and a tough putback to close to within one, 60-59, with just 49 seconds to go. The Quakers forced yet another turnover and set up Baron's game-winning drive and lay-up. St. Francis (N.Y.) had a chance to win it, but a baseline jumper came up short and the Penn bench erupted in celebration.
Up Next
Its an extended break for the Quakers. And it is a well-deserved rest after four games in 10 days. Penn next takes the floor on Friday, Dec. 21 against Drexel. The 12-day rest leads into the Battle for 33rd Street as the Quakers take on their neighboor. The Quakers will walk to the visiting gym—the DAC is just a few blocks north of The Palestra. Tip is at 2 p.m. Penn's next home game isn't until Jan. 5 against Saint Joseph's (2 p.m.).
Download: 7-LIU-Brooklyn.pdf


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n The Bronson Church of God is having their annual God and Country Day, July 4th. The event will kick off at 5 p.m. There is no charge to participate. Here is just a sample of the exciting activities you and your family can participate in. Gospel Music, water games for all ages, bounce house, beanbag toss, dunk tank (pastor inside), volleyball, horseshoes, arts and craft sale, baked goods auction. Also we will have a contest for the "Best Decorated 'Little Red Wagon'" for ages four and under.
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USC introduces Saturday classes for web design
The University of South Carolina will begin a Saturday-only professional-development course in web design beginning May 7.
"Our flexible, open-enrollment format currently offers weekday classes and allows students one year to complete all classes in the certificate," said Kate Shelton, director of Continuing Education & Conferences. "With the addition of the Saturday format, we will be able to offer busy Columbia area professionals another option to take classes at times that are convenient for them."
The program offers two curriculum options for working professionals: individual courses and a certificate program. For professionals seeking to learn a specific skill, the department offers a range of hands-on individual courses that address industry-standard web skills, including HTML, cascading style sheets and programs such as Photoshop and Dreamweaver. The certificate program enables professionals the opportunity to gain a thorough understanding of the web industry and core technologies used by the industry's leading professionals.
For more information, visit www.USCWebCertificate.org.
The University of South Carolina's Continuing Education and Conferences offers programs that embrace the university's mission of outreach and engagement and offer the Carolina community the opportunity to benefit from resources on and around campus. For more details and a complete list of programs, visit www.discover.sc.edu, or call 803-777-9444.


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I got a weird problem with XBMC 11 "Eden". I've added my TV Shows folder (Videos\Serien) and he has added all series, but he takes from every show only the first season.
My naming is like this "Serien\Lie to Me\Season 1\Lie to Me.S01E01.avi"
On some shows he doesn't even take one season, he just add's the show and that's it. For Example "Lie to Me" or "Human Target".
Also there is a problem that only appears on "The Big Bang Theory". He has added "Season 1", but only the first two episodes and in the folder are 17, so there are 15 that are missing in XBMC.
I've tried this settings here http://forum.xbmc.org/showthread.php?tid=51614 but they didn't helped in any way.
Does anyone have an solution for my problem?
Windows - TV Series Problem
Junior Member
Posts: 1
Joined: Apr 2012
Reputation: 0
2012-04-11 17:19 Post: #1
|find quote
Junior Member
Posts: 1
Joined: May 2012
Reputation: 0
2012-05-06 09:06 Post: #2
I had the same problem. I tried a lot of thing, and it seems that some series need to be named exactly like on tvdb. You can do that with http://www.tvrename.com/ or http://www.therenamer.com/
I had to select every episode by hand, and now i see the episodes in xbmc.
Hope it helps.
(This post was last modified: 2012-05-06 09:22 by plutow.)
|find quote
Team-XBMC Developer
Posts: 26,216
Joined: Oct 2003
Reputation: 185
2012-05-06 09:36 Post: #3
Debug Log during a refresh of one of the shows in question will show you the reason.
Always read the XBMC online-manual, FAQ and search the forum before posting.
Do not e-mail XBMC-Team members directly asking for support. Read/follow the forum rules.
For troubleshooting and bug reporting please make sure you read this first.
|find quote


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Heinen's to open downtown Cleveland store
(Cleveland) – Downtown Cleveland is getting a grocery store!
Heinen's Fine Foods has announced plans for a 33,000-square-foot store in the former Ameritrust Building at East 9th and Euclid Ave.
It's part of the transformation of the former Ameritrust complex into a hotel, apartments, offices and Cuyahoga County's new headquarters.
The store will fill the first two floors of the historic Rotunda and the first floor of the neighboring Swetland Building, at 1010 Euclid Ave.
"This is a big deal", says Michael Deemer of the Downtown Cleveland Alliance. Deemer says with all the development downtown, you need someplace to get daily supplies.
Deemer tells WTAM 1100 this will anchor the redevelopment of that intersection.
Heinen's co-owner Tom Heinen tells Newsradio WTAM 1100 downtown Cleveland is booming, and there may now be enough residents in the business district to support a grocery store.
Heinen says it will be a full service supermarket, but because most customers will be walking to the store, they will probably not sell large bulky items.
He believes their store may help attract even more residents to downtown Cleveland.
Get breaking news sent to your mobile phone. Text "news" to 21095.
(Photo by Ken Robinson/WTAM)
(Copyright © 2013 by Clear Channel, all rights reserved.)


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Black Women Black Hair – A Guide to Hair Care for Black Women Black women with natural, relaxed, curled and excessively-curly hair have very special hair care needs. African textured hair and super curly hair is naturally drier than other hair types. If the hair is natural, dryness can lead to hair that is hard […]
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FAQ for Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER2) RFAs
Reports of genomic sequencing being applied to the medical care of individual patients are becoming more frequent, but much more needs to be done before the use of sequence data becomes routine. The potential range of clinical applications and the specific diseases or individual susceptibilities most likely to be usefully addressed by a genomic sequencing approach have yet to be determined. Furthermore, incorporation of comprehensive genomic sequence data into clinical care will require changes to institutional policies, standard procedures (including simplified analysis and interpretive tools), and the ability to integrate sequence information into the clinical workflow. The ethical, legal, and psychosocial implications of returning genomic variation data, with all of the caveats regarding statistical uncertainties, incomplete knowledge, and unanticipated findings, remain incompletely understood.
In 2010, NHGRI initiated a Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) program intended to support both the methods development needed to integrate sequencing into the clinic and the ethical, legal, and psychosocial research required to responsibly apply personal genomic sequence data to medical care. A U01 cooperative agreement mechanism was used to promote the development of a robust forum for scientific discussion as well as debate of issues, both practical and conceptual. In 2013, the program was extended for another funding cycle to bring in more diverse expertise and a larger number of clinical populations to support the goals of the consortium. The new awards (UM1s) are also cooperative agreements that encourage collaboration and discourse between disciplines under the banner of a common scientific goal. A CSER Coordinating Center at the University of Washington was also funded in 2013 to facilitate collaborative efforts among the CSER investigators and disseminate findings and approaches from the CSER program to the biomedical research community.
In addition to incorporating the UM1s, the CSER consortium was expanded in 2013 to include nine additional projects that formerly comprised the ELSI Return of Results Consortium. These studies (R01s and R21s), which incorporate both empirical and normative research methods, explore a broad range of ethical, legal and social implications relating to the return of research results in both research and clinical settings. The consolidation of these two consortia under the broader umbrella of CSER will make it possible for consideration of the ethical, legal, and psychosocial aspects of returning genomic results to better inform the implementation of genomic medicine.
In all, the CSER consortium supports nine multi-disciplinary projects, nine ELSI-specific projects, and a Coordinating Center that brings together clinicians, genomic researchers, bioinformaticians, ethicists and other investigators to research the challenges of utilizing genomic sequence data in the clinic in the routine practice of medicine. The challenges are many and not disease-specific. Important aims of the research include: generation of genomic sequence data on patients in a variety of clinical contexts; investigation of methods to interpret, translate and guide adoption of genomic data in a fashion and timescale that fits the normal clinical workflow; and study of the ethical, legal, and psychosocial implications of generating and returning genomic results, including returning incidental findings. The consortium of grantees will cooperate to evaluate best practices in this rapidly advancing field and communicate these to the community.
|Lead PI(s)
|Study Title
|Clinical Focus
|Baylor College of Medicine
|Sharon Plon and D. Will Parsons
|Incorporation of Genomic Sequencing into Pediatric Cancer Care*
|Childhood cancer patients with high-risk solid tumors and brain tumors
|Brigham and Women's Hospital
|Robert C. Green
|Integration of Whole Genome Sequencing into Clinical Medicine
|Primary care patients, cardiomyopathy patients
|Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
|Ian Krantz and Nancy Spinner
|Applying Genomic Sequencing in Pediatrics
|Pediatric patients with one of four conditions - intellectual disability, sudden cardiac arrest/death, hearing loss, and mitochondrial disorders
|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
|Levi Garraway and Pasi Janne
|The Use of Whole-Exome Sequencing to Guide the Care of Cancer Patients
|Lung and colorectal cancer patients
|University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
|James Evans,
Jonathan Berg and
Gail Henderson
|NC GENES [ncgenes.org]
|Patients from one of five clinical domains - cancer, cardiology, dysmorphology, neurodevelopmental and ophthalmology
|University of Washington, Seattle
|Gail Jarvik
|Clinical sequencing in cancer: Clinical, ethical, and technological studies*
|Patients who have clinical indications for colorectal cancer/polyposis (CRCP) genetic testing
|Lead PI(s)
|Study Title
|Clinical Focus
|Hudson-Alpha Institute for Biotechnology
|Greg Cooper and Richard Myers
|Genomic Diagnosis in Children with Developmental Delay
|Children with intellectual disability and/or developmental delay
|Kaiser Foundation Research Institute
|Katrina Goddard and Benjamin Wilfond
|Clinical Implementation of Carrier Testing Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
|Women and their partners seeking pre-conception carrier testing
|University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|Arul Chinnaiyan
|Exploring Precision Cancer Medicine for Sarcoma and Rare Cancers*
|Patients with advanced sarcoma or other rare cancers
|University of Washington, Seattle
|Gail Jarvik
|CSER Centralized Support Coordinating Center
|The coordinating center is responsible for facilitating the scientific work of the CSER consortium and its working group by providing logistical and scientific expertise. It will also be a key partner in disseminating findings and approaches from the CSER program to the biomedical research community.
Formerly comprising the Return of Results Consortium
|Study Title
|Grant Type
|Cleveland Clinic
|Richard Sharp
|Presenting diagnostic results from large-scale clinical mutation testing
|Columbia University
|Paul S. Appelbaum
|Challenges of informed consent in return of data from genomic research
|Columbia University
|Wendy K. Chung
|Impact of return of incidental genetic test results to research participants in the genomic era
|Children's Hospital Boston
|Ingrid A. Holm
|Returning research results in children: Parental Preferences and Expert Oversight
|Children's Mercy Bioethics Center
|Jeremy R. Garrett
|The presumptive case against returning individual results in biobanking research
|Johns Hopkins University
|Michelle Huckaby Lewis
|Return of research results from samples obtained for newborn screening
|University of California, San Francisco
|Gloria Peterson, Barbara Koenig, and Susan Wolf
|Disclosing genomic incidental findings in a cancer biobank: An ELSI experiment*
|Seattle Children's Hospital
|Holly K. Tabor
|Innovative Approaches to Returning Results in Exome and Genome Sequencing Studies
|Vanderbilt University
|Ellen Wright Clayton
|Returning research results of pediatric genomic research to participants
* Co-funded by NCI
Informed Consent & Governance
Chairs: Paul Appelbaum and Joon-Ho Yu
Mission: Discuss emerging issues and develop new and creative approaches related to informed consent in the context of clinical sequencing; compare and, to the extent feasible, develop standardized consent language and protocols. Discuss and compile experience with institutional governance of genomic data in research and clinical settings; where appropriate integrate governance recommendations with best practice and/or model language for informed consent.
Actionable Variants and Return of Results
Chairs: Laura Amendola and Wendy Chung
Sequencing Standards
Chair: Nick Wagle and Donna Muzny
Mission: Develop and share technical standards for sequencing in a clinical context (for example, minimum coverage and quality metrics, turnaround time, data formats, CLIA); develop best practices for variant validation.
Electronic Health Records
Chair: Peter Tarczy-Hornoch and Brian Shirts
Mission: Understand and facilitate cross site collaboration nationally around informatics work as related to variant annotation, prioritization, integration into electronic medical record, and integration into decision support.
Outcomes and Measures
Chairs: David Veenstra and Staci Gray
Mission: Coordinate development of instruments to measure psychosocial outcomes related to returning results.
Chairs: Kyle Brothers and Ben Wilfond
Mission: Explore and attempt to develop standardized approaches to addressing the unique ethical, legal, and practical challenges relating to returning results in studies involving pediatric populations.
Genetic Counseling
Chairs: Julia Wynn and Sarah Scollon
Mission: Discuss site-specific experiences with issues related to genetic counseling. Work on publications and educational materials, and function as a sounding board to new groups.
Chair: Will Parsons and Dan Robinson
Misson: Explore the unique technical, interpretive and ethical challenges and considerations involved in clinical sequencing of cancer genomes (e.g. identification of somatic variants) and to attempt to develop best practices for these tests.
Practitioner Education
Chairs: Sharon Plon and Kelly East
Mission: Develop ideas, tools and resources that can help inform non-genetic medical practitioners of the use of genomic sequencing in the clinic.
CSER Website
Lucia Hindorff, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Division of Genomic Medicine
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dave Kaufman, Ph.D.
Division of Genomics and Society
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Jean McEwen, J.D., Ph.D.
Division of Genomics and Society
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Carolyn Hutter, Ph.D.
Division of Genomic Medicine
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Ellen Howerton
Division of Genomic Medicine
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Melpi Kasapi
Division of Genomic Medicine
E-mail: email@example.com
Charlisse Caga-anan, J.D.
E-mail: email@example.com
Kelly Filipski, Ph.D., M.P.H.
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Last Updated: February 2, 2017


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In working on HyGrid, a lot of new issues came up. Things we've been thinking about for a long time here at SITO. For one thing, we wanted to unify the two big SITO-user databases. That has become SUE (the SITO User Environment). Another thing, this Discussion area was hatched from the rowdy drunken late nights working on HyGrid. So, even years later, HyGrid continues to inspire much madness. Even if it is one of the more mindbendingly confusing pieces of collaborative work on the site.
If you have any questions or comments, feel free to email me or post them here.


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FormFactor has introduced its next-generation 300mm (12-inch) full-wafer-contact probe card for DRAM devices - the SmartMatrix 100 probe solution.
Incorporating a proprietary probe card architecture that leverages FormFactor's MicroSpring MEMS contact technology, the SmartMatrix 100 was designed to support DRAM manufacturers' fast design ramps, advanced product roadmaps and stringent cost-of-test requirements.
Designed for testing 5Xnm-node and below DDR2 and DDR3 mobile and commodity DRAM devices, SmartMatrix 100 probe cards offer enhanced probing performance that enables DRAM manufacturers to extend the life of their existing test equipment and avoid the need for additional capital spending within their test cells, trhe company said.
Like FormFactor's recently-introduced TouchMatrix probe card for advanced NAND flash testing, the new SmartMatrix 100 significantly improves manufacturing efficiency and reduces probe card delivery lead time. SmartMatrix 100 probe cards can also be easily disassembled for repair and reassembled for faster turnaround time with minimal adjustment, and designed for improved thermal performance, FormFactor said.
FormFactor's SmartMatrix 100 probe cards are now in qualification testing and are available for shipping.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


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McKissick Museum to present 'The Life and Times of Congressman Robert Smalls'
"The Life and Times of Congressman Robert Smalls," an exhibit that chronicles the life of the former slave who became a Union hero in the Civil War and a five-term congressman, will be on display at the University of South Carolina's McKissick Museum Feb. 7 - April 4.
In connection with the exhibit, Dr. Andrew Billingsley, a professor of sociology and African-American studies and author of "Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families," will give two gallery talks at the museum.
The first event is set for 3:30 – 5 p.m. Feb. 19 and will include a book signing for Billingsley and his book on Smalls.
The museum also will host a gallery tour of the exhibit from 5:30-7p.m. on Feb. 27 in conjunction with the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology 2009 Post Doctoral Fellows Conference. The tour will be followed by a reception.
The exhibit will include:
- scaled replicas of the CSS Planter and the USS Keokuk, the two ships piloted by Smalls during the war
- Smalls' musket
- his correspondence with dignitaries
- photos of Smalls, his house, his immediate family and descendants
- historic documents, such as copies of the legislation that created the first public schools in South Carolina, the S.C. Public Accommodations Act and the Parris Island marine base, all submitted by Smalls during his political life
Also on display are personal effects such as his walking cane; newspaper articles dating back to 1862 when he commandeered the Planter to freedom; and pictures of the army transport ship, "MG Robert Smalls," commissioned into active duty on Sept. 15, 2007.
The exhibit is sponsored by The Humanities Council SC, a state program of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the university's African American Studies Program, department of history and Institute for Southern Studies. The exhibit is organized by the Avery Research Center at the College of Charleston.
Both events are open to the public. All McKissick exhibits are free. For more information on this exhibit or other exhibits at the McKissick Museum, which is located on the university's historic Horseshoe, contact Ja-Nae Epps at 803-777-2876.


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VIA Technologies has unveiled its new family of low power dual-core VIA Nano X2 series processors at the Embedded System Conference (ESC), held at the McEnery Convention Center, San Jose from May 2-5.
The VIA Nano X2 E-series processors combine a highly optimized, power-efficient dual-core architecture with advanced performance for the most demanding 86-bit x86 embedded system design applications. Available in two models running at speeds of 1.2+ GHz and 1.6+ GHz, VIA Nano X2 E-series processors also come with a component longevity guarantee of seven years, the vendor said.
Leveraging the latest 40nm manufacturing process, VIA Nano X2 E-series processors combine two 64-bit, superscalar VIA Nano cores on one die, offering enhanced multi-tasking and superb multimedia performance on a low power budget.
VIA Nano X2 E-Series processors bring additional features that include VIA VT virtualization, a technology that allows legacy software and applications to be used in virtual scenarios. The VIA AES Security Engine offers hardware-based data encryption on the fly, an essential tool in content protection and system security.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


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Do you always feel fun when you still childhood and play together with your friends? Of course you feel happy and fun right? Moreover some of you will forget other activities like school, take a bath, lunch, breakfast, and so on because of ...[Read More]
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NIH Designates Salk One of Seven National Basic Research Centers Focused on Vision
A $3.8 million grant from the National Eye Institute (NEI) of the National Institutes of Health places the Salk Institute among one of seven NEI-designated centers focused exclusively on the basic research of vision, and is the first basic science facility created by the NEI in nearly a decade.
The only one of its kind in the San Diego region, the new Salk Institute Center for the Neurobiology of Vision is a consortium of 15 investigators led by Thomas Albright conducting research on the visual system. The five-year grant funds core facilities that support each of the scientists' research projects.
The new vision center will take a broad approach to understanding the development and plasticity of the visual system, the mechanisms of the neural processing of visual stimuli, and the link between visual perception and behavior.
Understanding the mechanisms that process visual inputs in the retina and the brain and how that affects behavior provides a model system for better understanding the central nervous system. Such basic studies can also one day contribute to the development of prosthetics that restores vision to the blind.


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Two weeks ago, DH and I went out for our 19th anniversary of being a couple. We went to see a movie, I had bought the tickets earlier via the Fandango app. I had no trouble getting the passes printed at the terminal, then giving them to the ticket taker, but once we got to the concession stand, it was a nightmare. The concession stand had two people manning registers, a manager, and a floater who was filling orders and helping. We placed our order, then waited and waited. Because I had ordered popcorn, I wanted napkins. The napkin dispensers were empty. I told the man who was "helping" me, who looked at me like he didn't know where to get more. I then steadily increased my volume from low to moderate and asked for the manager. How do you not know where napkins are kept? He seemed to want us to go away, so he could "help" the next person even though we didn't have our items yet. Finally, DH went into the restroom and got paper towels for us. Sheesh. So when we went Sunday to see RED 2, we went to a different theater and operator. They had plenty of napkins.
Huh. When our washing machine went wonky, DH found the relevant pages of the manual to fix it by searching on-line.now, a car is a bit bigger, but I have to wonder what trade secrets the manager thought he was guarding!
... I have to wonder what trade secrets the manager thought he was guarding!
I had similar with people not listening to key words. I had a visitor from Germany staying with me recently while another German was staying with others in the town. I'd picked them both up from the airport, but had said that I wouldn't be able to take them back because of work commitments (it's a four hour round trip). I found trains for them and, as the connections were tight, suggested they would be safer catching the train which went an hour earlier. Normally if I'm buying tickets I would buy on-line, but in this case as she was paying we went to the station the day before and I did the talking as, although her English is good, this was simpler.I asked for two single tickets to Birmingham International for the relevant time.What day did we want to come back?Reminded her I'd said single tickets. I then asked if the trains from Birmingham New Street [the main line station] to the airport are frequent, as it had occurred to me that if the connections worked out my friends could spend the extra time in Birmingham, rather than hanging around the airport. She confirmed they were. She then told us the price for the two tickets.My friend paid and I had some query, about the airport train, at which point the woman in the ticket office told me that the price she'd given was to Birmingham New Street, not the airport. When I reminded her I'd said International she put the blame back on me saying I'd then asked about the trains from New Street, so she had assumed we didn't need the tickets to include travel from New Street to International.So, in the course of a simple transaction she hadn't listened when I'd said single, not return, and had sold tickets to the wrong destination.I did double check that she had the day right, but fortunately that was OK.
Not a shop but a company:When I was about 17, my parents gave me a beautiful new laptop. It worked for everyone - one less person on the family computer, I could do schoolwork on it and so on. It came with a year's free McCaffrey's antivirus and firewall on it.A year passes, and McCaffrey send me an email telling me that I need to pay for another year's protection (I didn't know as much about computers as I do now). However, being a mostly online company, they wanted the payment done by card, so I asked my father to put the payment on his card and I'd give him the money.Fast forward another year, and I get an email from them telling me that they'd taken the next year's payment from the card I'd paid with! Without even consulting me or asking my consent! I was at university by this point, so I had to ring my father up the second I received the email to tell him that he hadn't been the victim of credit card fraud and shouldn't cut up his card. Turns out, McCaffrey sets all its customers's accounts to just take the next installment out of their bank account as default, doesn't tell the customers that this is the current set up and makes it really difficult to change your account settings to stop it happening. I had them delete my account, and I will never use them again as long as I live.
I think the company is called 'McAfee'. I agree that it is pretty standard way to operate. Doesn't mean it is right. It is one of the main reasons I won't sign up with a particular dating service. If you don't cancel, they just keep charging you.I will never deal with Norton AV again. I don't think I actually paid for it but it was a complete pain. It was a total pig and completely bogged down my computer and then when I tried to remove it, I had a really hard time doing so. I ended up taking it to my computer guy to have it removed.
Quote from: Outdoor Girl on August 08, 2013, 12:24:02 PMI think the company is called 'McAfee'. I agree that it is pretty standard way to operate. Doesn't mean it is right. It is one of the main reasons I won't sign up with a particular dating service. If you don't cancel, they just keep charging you.I will never deal with Norton AV again. I don't think I actually paid for it but it was a complete pain. It was a total pig and completely bogged down my computer and then when I tried to remove it, I had a really hard time doing so. I ended up taking it to my computer guy to have it removed.This is one that frequently gets included in the software packages that new computers come with, and it is a BEAR to try and get rid of. We actually had a subscription to Norton once upon a time, but never again. Once it's on your computer, it's like you're infected with it.
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Nike club America 2008 official 3rd boys shirt in black.Features:Embroidered club badge and logo, gold sublimated feather print on the left sleeve.Limited Edition shirt, Club America shirt features authentic player size name and number Of Cabanas #9, each digit includes the official club crest.100% polyester.
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For Benedict, retirement will be final
VATICAN CITY — The papal ring will be destroyed, along with other powerful emblems of authority, just as they are after a pope's death. The retiring Pope Benedict XVI will live in a monastery on the edge of the Vatican gardens and will likely even give up his beloved theological writing.
The Vatican went out of its way on Tuesday to declare that for Benedict, retirement means just that: retirement.
With speculation swirling about his future role, the Vatican's chief spokesman explicitly stated that Benedict will not influence the election of his successor.
And the Rev. Federico Lombardi deepened the sense of finality by saying that after his Feb. 28 abdication, "objects strictly connected" with the papal ministry will be "terminated." Among these is the papal ring, used as a seal for documents, which is smashed upon a pope's death.
And while the first papal resignation in 600 years has left behind a vast uncharted territory to navigate — how does one address or even dress a retired pope? — the church sought to send a clear message that Benedict will not be pulling strings from behind the scenes.
"The pope will surely say absolutely nothing about the process of the election," Lombardi told reporters at a briefing. "He will not interfere in any way."
The Vatican has picked out the pope's new home: a four-story building attached to a monastery on the northern edge of the Vatican gardens where cloistered nuns used to live. It has been under renovation for several months, although only a handful of Vatican officials knew that it would one day be Benedict's retirement home.
On Tuesday, construction materials littered the front lawn of the house, and plastic tubing snaked down from the top floor to a cargo container.
From a new name to this new home to the awkward reality of having a reigning pope and a retired one, the 85-year-old Benedict has plenty of decisions to make.
Benedict said Monday he was stepping down because he simply no longer had the strength in mind or body to carry on. Later, Lombardi revealed for the first time that the pope has had a pacemaker for years and just had its battery replaced a few months ago.
Although no date for a conclave to choose the next pope has been announced, it must begin within 20 days of his Feb. 28 retirement. That means a new pope will likely be elected by the College of Cardinals by Easter — March 31 this year.
The decision immediately raised questions about what Benedict would be called, where he would live — and how that might affect his successor.
The Vatican's senior communications adviser, Greg Burke, said the fact that Benedict had chosen to live in a monastery is significant.
"It is something that he has wanted to do for a while," Burke said. "But I think it also suggests that his role is going to be a very quiet one, and that is important so you don't have a situation of ... two different popes at the same time, and one influencing the other.
"I think the obvious thing is when he says retirement, it really means retiring," he said.
The pope's brother, Monsignor Georg Ratzinger, told reporters in Germany on Tuesday that Benedict was planning to stay out of the public eye and will probably even stop writing — one of the favorite pursuits of the brainy theologian.
As for the pope's new name, Burke said Benedict would most likely be referred to as "Bishop of Rome, emeritus" as opposed to "Pope Emeritus." Lombardi also said Benedict would take some kind of "emeritus" title.
Other Vatican officials said it would probably be up to the next pope to decide Benedict's new title and wouldn't exclude that he might still be called "Your Holiness" as a courtesy, much as retired presidents are often referred to as "President." It was not even clear whether the retired pope will retain the name Benedict or revert to being called Joseph Ratzinger again.
Benedict had been widely expected to issue his fourth encyclical, concerning faith, before Easter. Lombardi said the encyclical would not be ready before Benedict's retirement.
The pontiff has been changing his schedule to take into account his new circumstances. He had been scheduled to go to a church on Rome's Aventine hill for the annual Ash Wednesday service starting the church's Lenten season this week; the service will take place in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome instead.


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School bus driver: "Durham needs to be out of here."
WCBD-TV: News, Weather, and Sports for Charleston, SC
From our News Partners at WCBD-TV:
There was a growing chorus of concern about school bus safety at Monday night's Charleston County School Board meeting.
The worries lie with Durham School Services, the company Charleston County contracts to provide school bus service to students. The company operates school bus services in three counties: Charleston, Dorchester District 2 and Beaufort.
During Monday night's meeting, Representative Wendell Gilliard (D-Charleston) announced that he has written a letter to State Superintendent Mick Zais asking him to review the safety records of all school buses in Charleston County. He seemed particularly angry with Durham's performance.
"I've been around this whole country, and I have to say, [their service] is deplorable," Rep. Gilliard said. "You can't compare them to the other states."
Many parents also spoke out during Monday night's meeting, asking the school board to sever ties with the school bus company.
"If they're not doing their jobs, put them on the go," Tony Lewis said. "It's about our kids. It's not about Durham."
The school bus company has been under scrutiny in the past.
Last year, the company's drivers threatened to strike, saying the company didn't listen to their concerns and operated unsafe buses. For weeks, members of the Teamsters Union said they were going to stop showing up to work if the company didn't improve their relationships and dedication to school bus safety.
Several of those who spoke out last year, continued their cry for change Monday.
"Every morning we have buses breaking down," driver Latrisha Pringle said. "We have buses with no heat, headlights blown out, windshield wipers torn, tires frayed"
Pringle has been a bus driver for more than 20 years and began working with Durham back in 2007. She claims the company doesn't listen to her and her fellow co-workers when they raise concerns about bus safety and working conditions. She also said that conditions have not improved since last year's possible strike.
"Nothing has changed. Nothing. They try to butter up things, but Durham hasn't done anything," Pringle claimed.
According to numbers provided to News 2 by the Teamsters Union, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration has performed 305 inspections on Durham school buses over the last 24 months. During those inspections, the company was slapped with 178 violations. 14 of those are what the union calls, "severe" or repeat violations that call for the bus to be pulled from service immediately.
One of those was this school year when a school bus was found to have what the violation calls, "Inoperative/defective brakes."
Those violations have Pringle hoping the school board will cancel its contract with the company.
"Durham needs to be out of here," Pringle said. "I mean, I know [the school board] can find someone else we can work for and be safe with buses."
School board members did not discuss any of the issues raised by parents and drivers at their meeting. A spokesperson for the district did not return emails asking for comment for this story. Durham School Services also did not respond to emails or phone calls asking for their response to the concern.
Image courtesy of WCBD-TV.


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Assistant Professor of Music, Marva Duerksen holds a Bachelor of Music (with greatest distinction) from Brandon University, a Master of Music from the University of Alberta, and a Ph.D. in Music Theory from the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York. For her doctoral studies at the City University of New York, Duerksen was awarded a prestigious Gilleece Fellowship from the university, as well as a doctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Before coming to Willamette in 2001, she taught basic and advanced music theory and aural skills at Queens College, City College, and Hunter College, all of City University of New York, and at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, where she served as Visiting Professor of Music Theory for two years.
At the University of Massachusetts-Amherst she collaborated with her colleague, Carl Wiens on a pedagogical project that will culminate in an undergraduate textbook on musical form. Duerksen has presented papers at regional and international conferences. Her research interests include the history of musical analysis, intersections between musical analysis and philosophy, the pedagogy of music theory, and music of the Classical period.


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LONG BEACH — A proposal to restructure salaries and benefits for managers at the Port of Long Beach won't see the light of day yet.
Port of Long Beach Harbor Commissioners on Monday voted 3-2 to hold off on a commissioner's proposal to open talks with the Long Beach Management Association over the reforms.
The proposal brought forth by Commissioner Rich Dines calls for 44 employees represented by the association - including managing directors, assistant directors and executive assistants at the port - to contribute an additional 6 percent toward the employee share of their pension, for a total of 8 percent. In exchange, they would receive a 7 percent salary increase.
Dines said the port is at risk of losing talent to higher-paying competitors such as the Port of Los Angeles and added that those under the management association haven't had a raise since 2008.
"I would hate to see a mass exodus of our talent go over to L.A. because we don't pay enough," Dines said.
But Harbor Commission Board President Susan E. Anderson Wise said that while she is concerned about competition from other ports and employee retention, she wasn't comfortable moving forward with a proposal.
"If we're going to really consider this, we need to do this in some depth," she said.
In the end, commissioners Wise, Nick Sramek and Thomas Fields voted 3-2 to hold off on the proposal, while Dines and Commissioner Doug Drummond supported moving forward.
The proposal came as the city of Long Beach has worked with employee labor groups to enact pension reforms to help curb budget reductions to city services and programs.
Last year, the police and fire unions agreed to pension reforms that officials said will save Long Beach about $100 million by 2022.
City officials also offered a pension reform deal to the International Association of Machinists, the city's largest union, which also includes a 7 percent pay raise in exchange for picking up 6 percent of their pension contribution.
However, the IAM rejected the proposal, saying that there were sparse details on the effects if union members agreed to changes, except that layoffs would continue.
So the city voted in September to prepare a proposed ballot measure that could eventually knock back pay for 3,600 IAM-represented workers by two years.
The measure, if approved by voters in the spring, would cap pay in 2014 and 2015.
Rolling back salaries and benefits for city employees would save $29 million annually overall and $9.4 million annually in the general fund, enabling the city to restore services, city officials said.
"I applaud the fire department and PD (police department) for making difficult sacrifices, and doing it for the good of the community," Dines said before Monday's meeting.
Meanwhile, most of the employees at the Harbor Department are represented by one of three collective bargaining units. About 61 percent are represented by the International Association of Machinists, and 25 percent by the Long Beach Association of Engineering Employees.
The LBMA represents 8 percent of the Harbor Department, according to a staff report.
Green tech incentive
In other business, Port of Long Beach officials will reward port terminal operators, railroad operators and others who invest in greener technology.
The Harbor Commission on Monday unanimously approved the guidelines for the Port of Long Beach Zero Emission Equipment Grant Program, which provides incentives for projects, technology and equipment that meet the port's zero emission standards.
Program funding will be determined at certification of a project's California Environmental Quality Act document.
Also Monday, harbor commissioners agreed to transfer about $16.8 million of the port's gross operating revenue to the Tidelands Operating Fund.
Tidelands revenue - which is used to pay for public safety, development and maintenance of the waterfront, the Convention Center, the Queen Mary, the Aquarium of the Pacific and Rainbow Harbor - relies on net oil revenue from the Wilmington Oil Field in the tidelands area.
But that amount isn't consistent, and right now that oil revenue isn't enough to completely pay for expenses associated with the tidelands.
So City Manager Pat West requested the transfer of $16.8 million - that's 5 percent of the port's gross operating revenue of $336.5 million - to maintain "critical operations" in coastal areas.
The transfer will be made in four quarterly installments effective immediately.
Staff writer Eric Bradley contributed to this report.
firstname.lastname@example.com, 562-714-2088, twitter.com/KarenMeeksPT


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Allow create_index_paths() to consider multiple join bitmapscan paths. In the initial cut at the "parameterized paths" feature, I'd simplified create_index_paths() to the point where it would only generate a single parameterized bitmap path per relation. Experimentation with an example supplied by Josh Berkus convinces me that that's not good enough: we really need to consider a bitmap path for each possible outer relation. Otherwise we have regressions relative to pre-9.2 versions, in which the planner picks a plain indexscan where it should have used a bitmap scan in queries involving three or more tables. Indeed, after fixing this, several queries in the regression tests show improved plans as a result of using bitmap not plain indexscans. Branch ------ REL9_2_STABLE Details ------- http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/26893906896d25b0119c57c90474c153bb8083c9 Modified Files -------------- src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- src/test/regress/expected/join.out | 28 ++++++---- 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
Next: From: Bruce Momjian Date: 2012-08-16 22:16:00 Subject: pgsql: Add warning about pg_ctl restart and the use of relative pathso Previous: From: Bruce Momjian Date: 2012-08-16 16:22:10 Subject: Re: pgsql: Rewrite window function reference section to more clearly explai


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Meet the Staff: Sara
Youth Services Associate.
What high school did you go to?
Driscoll High School
What is your favorite YA book?
What is/are your favorite pizza toppings?
Cheese and Sausage
What was your favorite high school class?
What's the CD you can't live without?
N'SYNC's first CD: N'SYNC
What is your most embarrassing teen moment?
I peed in my pants in seventh grade, but I tricked my brother into thinking it was a water bottle.