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Pain (Holistic)Skip to the navigation
About This Condition
Rub on topical capsaicin
Block pain signals by applying an ointment that contains capsaicin, a substance found in cayenne peppers, to the painful area four times a day
Get moving
Take part in a prescribed exercise program to boost the production of your body's natural painkillers
Give acupuncture a try
See a qualified practitioner for treatments that activate pain-killing pathways
Take time for a checkup
Make an appointment with your healthcare provider to find out if your pain is being caused by a treatable condition
About This Condition
Pain is a sensation that is transmitted from an area of tissue damage or stress along the sensory nerves to the brain. The brain interprets the information as the sensation of pain.
Substances that decrease pain either interfere with the ability of nerves to conduct messages, or alter the brain's capacity to receive sensations.
Pain may be a symptom of an underlying pathological condition, such as inflammation. It may also be due to other causes, such as bruising , infection , burns , headaches, and sprains and strains . Use caution when treating pain without understanding its cause—this may delay diagnosis of conditions that could continue to worsen without medical attention.
Symptoms of pain include discomfort that is often worsened by movement or pressure and may be associated with irritability, problems sleeping, and fatigue. People with pain may have uncomfortable sensations described as burning, sharp, stabbing, aching, throbbing, tingling, shooting, dull, heavy, and tight.
Healthy Lifestyle Tips
Body weight may be related to pain tolerance. One study indicated women who are more than 30% above the ideal weight for their age experience pain more quickly and more intensely than do women of ideal weight.1 No research has investigated the effect of weight loss on pain tolerance.
Exercise increases pain tolerance in some situations,2 , 3 in part because exercise may raise levels of naturally occurring painkillers (endorphins and enkephalins).4 Many types of chronic pain are helped by exercise,5 , 6 , 7 though some types of physical activity may aggravate certain painful conditions.8 People who want to initiate an exercise program for increasing pain tolerance should first consult a qualified health professional.
Holistic Options
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a form of electrical physical therapy that has been used in the treatment of pain since the early 1970s. Pads are placed on the skin and a mild electrical current is sent through to block pain sensations. Many TENS units are small, portable, and may be hidden under clothing. A review of the first ten years of research on TENS described success rates in treating chronic pain varying from 12.5% to 92% after one year of treatment.9 Variations in success rates were attributed to differences in the type of pain the TENS was treating. More current research identifies specific conditions that consistently respond well to TENS therapy:10 , 11 rheumatoid arthritis , osteoarthritis , low back pain , phantom limb pain, and post-herpetic nerve pain ( shingles ). Pain caused by pinched nerves in the spine responds poorly to TENS therapy. While a small number of controlled trials have reported no benefit,12 , 13 most evidence suggests TENS is an effective form of therapy for many types of pain.14 , 15 , 16
Relaxation exercises may decrease the perception of pain. Pain increases as anxiety increases; using methods to decrease anxiety may help reduce pain.17 In one controlled hospital study, people who were taught mind-body relaxation techniques reported less pain, less difficulty sleeping, and fewer symptoms of depression or anxiety than did people who were not taught the techniques.18
Acupuncture has been shown to decrease pain by acting on the enkephalin-based, pain-killing pathways.19 In 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated that acupuncture is useful for muscular, skeletal, and generalized pain, as well as for anesthesia and post-operative pain. The NIH statement was based on a critical review of over 67 controlled trials of acupuncture for pain control.
Practitioners of manipulation report that it often produces immediate pain relief either in the area manipulated or elsewhere.20 Controlled trials have found that people given spinal manipulation may experience reduction in pain sensitivity of the skin in related areas,21 , 22 a reduction in joint and muscle tenderness in the area manipulated,23 and a decrease in elbow tenderness when the neck was manipulated.24 One study showed no effect of lower spine manipulation on sensitivity to deep pressure over low back muscles and ligaments.25 Some researchers have speculated that joint manipulation affects pain by enhancing the effects of endorphins. However, only one26 of three27 , 28 controlled studies has shown an effect of manipulation on endorphin levels.
Hypnosis has been shown to significantly reduce pain associated with office surgical procedures that are performed while the patient is conscious (i.e., without general anesthesia).29 People undergoing office surgical procedures received standard care, structured attention or self-hypnotic relaxation in one study. Those using self-hypnosis had no increases in pain during the procedures, compared to those in the other groups. Hypnosis also appeared to stabilize bleeding, decrease the requirement for narcotic pain drugs during the procedure, and shorten procedure time.
Our proprietary "Star-Rating" system was developed to help you easily understand the amount of scientific support behind each supplement in relation to a specific health condition. While there is no way to predict whether a vitamin, mineral, or herb will successfully treat or prevent associated health conditions, our unique ratings tell you how well these supplements are understood by some in the medical community, and whether studies have found them to be effective for other people.
For over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings. We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being.
3 Stars Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.
2 Stars Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.
1 Star For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.
3 Stars
Apply 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin ointment four times per day over painful areas
Capsaicin, an extract of cayenne pepper, appears to work by blocking pain signals and may ease many types of chronic pain when applied regularly to the skin.
Capsaicin is an extract of cayenne pepper that may ease many types of chronic pain when applied regularly to the skin. In animal studies, capsaicin was consistently effective at reducing pain when given by mouth, by injection, or when applied topically.30 , 31 A controlled trial in humans found that application of a solution of capsaicin (0.075%) decreased sensitivity of skin to all noxious stimuli.32 One review article deemed the research on capsaicin's pain-relieving properties "inconclusive."33 However, in several uncontrolled and at least five controlled clinical trials, capsaicin has been consistently shown to decrease the pain of many disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia, shingles , diabetic neuropathy, osteoarthritis , and cluster headaches .34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 For treatment of chronic pain, capsaicin ointment or cream (standardized to 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin) is typically applied to the painful area four times per day.39 It is common to experience stinging and burning at the site of application, especially for the first week of treatment; avoid getting it in the eyes, mouth, or open sores.
3 Stars
Cayenne Topical (Postherpetic Neuralgia)
Apply 0.025 to 0.075% capsaicin ointment four times per day over painful areas
A component of cayenne pepper known as capsaicin can be applied as a cream or ointment to soothe the pain of postherpetic neuralgia.
The hot component of cayenne pepper, known as capsaicin, is used to relieve the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. In a double-blind trial, a cream containing 0.075% capsaicin, applied three to four times per day to the painful area, greatly reduced pain.40 In another study, a preparation containing a lower concentration of capsaicin (0.025%) was also effective.41 Two or more weeks of treatment may be required to get the full benefit of the cream.
3 Stars
2 to 4 grams per day
Double-blind research has also shown that oral L-tryptophan can increase tolerance to acute pain.
Other amino acids may be beneficial in reducing pain. Animal research has shown that the brain chemical serotonin is involved in pain perception,42 and some,43 , 44 though not all,45 preliminary human studies have reported reduced pain sensitivity when people took 2.0 to 2.75 grams per day of L-tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin. In a double-blind study, patients recovering from gallbladder surgery reported less pain when they were given L-tryptophan intravenously in the amount of 7.5 to 15 mg per 2.2 pounds body weight.46 Double-blind research has also shown that oral L-tryptophan can increase tolerance to acute pain when taken in amounts of at least 2 grams per day.47 , 48 Two double-blind trials found that 3 to 4 grams per day of L-tryptophan along with a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet reduced pain in people with chronic pain.49 , 50 However, one controlled study did not find L-tryptophan (50 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day) helpful for people with chronic pain around the temporomandibular joint.51 No research has been published investigating the pain control potential of 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan), another serotonin precursor.
2 Stars
Take an amount supplying 75 mg per day of tetrahydropalmatine (THP)
Preliminary reports indicate that THP (an alkaloid from the plant corydalis) may be effective in reducing nerve pain.
Preliminary reports from Chinese researchers also note that 75 mg per day of THP (an alkaloid from the plant corydalis ) was effective in reducing nerve pain in 78% of those tested.52
2 Stars
1,500 mg daily
D-phenylalanine (DPA) decreases pain by blocking the enzymes that break down the body's natural painkillers. Clinical studies suggest DPA may inhibit some types of chronic pain.
Certain amino acids have been found to raise pain thresholds and increase tolerance to pain. One of these, a synthetic amino acid called D-phenylalanine (DPA), decreases pain by blocking the enzymes that break down endorphins and enkephalins, the body's natural pain-killing chemicals.53 , 54 DPA may also produce pain relief by other mechanisms, which are not well understood.55
In animal studies, DPA decreased chronic pain within 15 minutes of administration and the effects lasted up to six days.56 It also decreased responses to acute pain. These findings have been independently verified in at least five other studies.57 , 58 Clinical studies on humans suggest DPA may inhibit some types of chronic pain, but it has little effect on most types of acute pain.59 , 60
Most human research has tested the pain-relieving effects of 750 to 1,000 mg per day of DPA taken for several weeks of continuous or intermittent use. The results of this research have been mixed, with some trials reporting efficacy,61 , 62 , 63 others reporting no difference from placebo,64 and some reporting equivocal results.65 It appears that DPA may only work for some people, but a trial period of supplementation seems worthwhile for many types of chronic pain until more is known. If DPA is not available, a related product, D,L-phenylalanine (DLPA), may be substituted at amounts of 1,500 to 2,000 mg per day.
As early as 1981, preliminary human research showed that DPA made the pain-inhibiting effects of acupuncture stronger.66 One controlled animal study67 and two controlled trials in humans68 , 69 showed that DPA taken the day before acupuncture increased the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing both acute dental and chronic low back pain .
1 Star
American Scullcap
Refer to label instructions
American skullcap has been historically used to relieve pain.
Other herbs that have been historically used to relieve pain (although there are no modern scientific studies yet available) include valerian , passion flower , American scullcap , Piscidia erythrina, and crampbark (Viburnum opulus).
1 Star
Cramp Bark
Refer to label instructions
Crampbark has been historically used to relieve pain.
Other herbs that have been historically used to relieve pain (although there are no modern scientific studies yet available) include valerian , passion flower , American scullcap , Piscidia erythrina, and crampbark (Viburnum opulus).70
1 Star
Jamaica Dogwood
Refer to label instructions
Piscidia erythrina has been historically used to relieve pain.
Other herbs that have been historically used to relieve pain (although there are no modern scientific studies yet available) include valerian , passion flower , American scullcap , Piscidia erythrina, and crampbark (Viburnum opulus).
1 Star
Passion Flower
Refer to label instructions
Passion flower has been historically used to relieve pain.
Other herbs that have been historically used to relieve pain (although there are no modern scientific studies yet available) include valerian , passion flower , American scullcap , Piscidia erythrina, and crampbark (Viburnum opulus).
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Extracts of phyllanthus plants have shown a marked ability to decrease pain, apparently by decreasing inflammation. With liver-protective properties, they may be safer than drugs such as acetaminophen, which has toxicity to the liver.
In animal research, alcohol/water extracts of plants from the genus phyllanthus (25 to 200 mg per 2.2 pounds body weight) have shown a marked ability to decrease pain.71 This family includes the plants Phyllanthus urinaria, P. caroliniensis, P. amarus, and P. niruri. Like aspirin , phyllanthus extracts appear to reduce pain by decreasing inflammation.72 Although they are six to seven times more potent than aspirin or acetaminophen 73 in test tube studies, extracts of these plants also demonstrate liver-protective properties,74 suggesting they may be safer than drugs such as acetaminophen, which has well-documented toxicity to the liver. The usefulness of phyllanthus extracts for treating pain in humans is unknown.
1 Star
Refer to label instructions
Valerian has been historically used to relieve pain.
Other herbs that have been historically used to relieve pain (although there are no modern scientific studies yet available) include valerian , passion flower , American scullcap , Piscidia erythrina, and crampbark (Viburnum opulus).75
1 Star
Vitamin B12
Refer to label instructions
Vitamin B12 appears to have pain-killing properties. In people with vertebral pain syndromes, injections of massive amounts of vitamin B12 have reportedly relieved pain.
Vitamin B12 has exhibited pain-killing properties in animal studies.76 In humans with vertebral pain syndromes, injections of massive amounts of vitamin B12 (5,000 to 10,000 mcg per day) have reportedly provided pain relief.77 Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this treatment.
1 Star
White Willow
Refer to label instructions
Willow bark has been used for centuries to decrease pain and inflammation. It appears to work by interfering with the process of inflammation and the pain-producing nerves in the spinal cord.
As early as 1763, use of willow bark to decrease pain and inflammation was reported.78 Its constituents are chemically related to aspirin . These constituents may decrease pain by two methods: by interfering with the process of inflammation, and by interfering with pain-producing nerves in the spinal cord.79 No human studies have investigated the pain-relieving potential of willow bark, and questions have been raised as to the actual absorption of willow bark's pain-relieving constituents.80 The potential pain-reducing action of willow is typically slower than that of aspirin.
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2. Guieu R, Blin O, Pouget J, Serratrice G. Nociceptive threshold and physical activity. Can J Neurol Sci 1992;19:69-71.
3. Fordyce W, McMahon R, Rainwater G, et al. Pain complaint—exercise performance relationship in chronic pain. Pain 1981;10:311-21.
4. Schwarz L, Kindermann W. Changes in beta-endorphin levels in response to aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Sports Med 1992;13:25-36 [review].
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10. Nicholas JJ. Physical modalities in rheumatologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:994-9.
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12. Long DM. Fifteen years of of transutaneous electrical stimulation for pain control. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1991;56:2-19.
13. Carroll D, Tramer M, McQuay H, et al. Randomization is important in studies with pain outcomes: systemic review of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in acute postoperative patients. Br J Anaesth 1996;77:798-803.
14. Oliveri AC, Clelland JA, Jackson J, Knowles C. Effects of auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimental pain threshold. Phys Ther 1986;66:12-6.
15. Lander J, Fowler-Kerry S. TENS for children's procedural pain. Pain 1993;52:209-16.
16. Long DM. Current status of electrical stimulation on the nervous system for the relief of chronic pain. Surg Neurol 1998;49:142-4.
17. Robin O, Vinard H, Vernet-Maury E, Saumet JL. Influence of sex and anxiety on pain threshold and tolerance. Funct Neurol 1987;2:173-9.
18. Rybarczyk B, DeMarco G, DeLaCruz M, Lapidos S. Comparing mind-body wellness interventions for older adults with chronic illness: classroom versus home instruction. Behav Med 1999;24:181-90.
19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement 1997;15:1-34.
20. Vernon H. Qualitative review of studies of manipulation-induced hypoalgesia. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000;23:134-8.
21. Glover JR, Morris JG, Khosla T. Back pain: a randomized clinical trial of rotational manipulation of the trunk. Br J Indust Med 1974;31:59-64.
22. Terrett ACJ, Vernon HT. Manipulation and pain tolerance: a controlled study of the effect of spinal manipulation on paraspinal cutaneous pain tolerance levels. Am J Phys Med 1984;63:217-25.
23. Vernon HT, Aker P, Burns S, et al. Pressure pain threshold evaluation of the effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of chronic neck pain: a pilot study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1990;13:13-6.
24. Vicenzino B, Collins D, Benson H, Wright A. The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of lateral epicondylagia. Pain 1996;68:69-74.
25. Cote P, Mior SA. The short-term effect of a spinal manipulation on pain/pressure threshold in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1994;17:36-48.
26. Vernon HT, Dhami MS, Howley, TP, et al. Spinal manipulation and B-endorphin: a controlled study of the effect of a spinal manipulation on plasma B-endorphin levels in normal males. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1986;9:115-23.
27. Christian GF, Stanton GJ, Sissons D, et. al. Immunoreactive ACTH, B-endorphin and cortisol levels in plasma following spinal manipulative therapy. Spine 1988;13:141-7.
28. Sanders GE, Reinnert O, Pepe R, et al. Chiropractic adjustive manipulation on subjects with acute low back pain: visual analogue scores and plasma b-endorphin levels. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1990;13:391-5.
29. Lang EV, Benotsch EG, Fick LJ, et al. Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000;355:1486-90.
30. Santos AR, Calixto JB. Ruthenium red and capsazepine antinociceptive effect in formalin and capsaicin models of pain in mice. Neurosci Lett. 1997;235:73-6.
31. Otsuki T, Nakahama H, Niizuma H, Suzuki J. Evaluation of the analgesic effects of capsaicin using a new rat model for tonic pain. Brain Res 1986;365:235-40.
32. Nolano M, Simone DA, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, et al. Topical capsaicin in humans: parallel loss of epidermal nerve fibers and pain sensation. Pain 1999;81:135-45.
33. Kingery WS. A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 1997;73:123-39 [review].
34. Hautkappe M, Roizen MF, Toledano A, et al. Review of the effectiveness of capsaicin for painful cutaneous disorders and neural dysfunction. Clin J Pain 1998;14:97-106 [review].
35. Fusco BM, Giacovazzo M. Peppers and pain. The promise of capsaicin. Drugs 1997;53:909-14 [review].
36. Robbins WR, Staats PS, Levine J, et al. Treatment of intractable pain with topical large-dose capsaicin: preliminary report. Anesth Analg 1998;86:579-83.
37. Zhang WY, Li Wan Po A. The effectiveness of topically applied capsaicin. A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994;46:517-22 [review].
38. Ellison N, Loprinzi CL, Kugler J, et al. Phase III placebo-controlled trial of capsaicin cream in the management of surgical neuropathic pain in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2974-80.
39. Rains C, Bryson HM. Topical capsaicin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis. Drugs Aging 1995;7:317-28 [review].
40. Bernstein JE, Korman NJ, Bickers DR, et al. Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:265-70.
41. Bernstein JE, Bickers DR, Dahl MV, Roshal JY. Treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia with topical capsaicin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:93-6.
42. Haze JJ. Toward an understanding of the rationale for the use of dietary supplementation for chronic pain management: the serotonin model. Cranio 1991;9:339-43.
43. Leiberman HR, Corkin S, Spring RJ, et al. Mood, performance and pain sensitivity: changes induced by food constituents. J Psychiatr Res 1982;17:135-45.
44. Shpeen SE, Morse DR, Furst ML. The effect of tryptophan on post-operative endodontic pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58: 446-9.
45. Ekblom A, Hansson P, Thomsson M. L-tryptophan supplementation does not affect postoperative pain intensity or consumption of analgesics. Pain 1991;44:249-54.
46. Ceccherelli F, Diani MM, Altafini L, et al. Postoperative pain treated by intravenous L-tryptophan: a double-blind study versus placebo in cholecystectomized patients. Pain 1991;47:163-72.
47. Seltzer S, Stoch R, Marcus R, Jackson E. Alteration of human pain thresholds by nutritional manipulation and L-tryptophan supplementation. Pain 1982;13:385-93.
48. Mitchell MJ, Daines GE, Thomas BL. Effect of L-tryptophan and phenylalanine on burning pain threshold. Phys Ther 1987;67:203-5.
49. Seltzer S, Dewart D, Pollack RL, Jackson E. The effects of dietary tryptophan on chronic maxillofacial pain and experimental pain tolerance. J Psychiatr Res 1982-1983;17:181-6.
50. Brady JP, Cheatle MD, Ball WA. A trial of L-tryptophan in chronic pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 1987;3:39-43.
51. Stockstill JW, McCall WD Jr, Gross AJ, Piniewski B. The effect of L-tryptophan supplementation and dietary instruction on chronic myofascial pain. J Am Dent Assoc 1989;118:457-60.
52. Lin DZ, Fang YS. Modern Study and Application of Materia Medica. Hong Kong: China Ocean Press, 1990, 323-5.
53. Ehrenpreis S. Analgesic properties of enkephalinase inhibitors: animal and human studies. Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;192:363-70.
54. Guisti P, Carrara M, Cima L, Borin G. Antinociceptive effect of some carboxypeptidase A inhibitors in comparison with D-phenylalanine. Eur J Pharmacol 1985;116:287-92.
55. Walsh NE, Ramamurthy S, Schoenfeld LS, Hoffman J. D-phenylalanine was not found to exhibit opiod receptor mediated analgesia in monkeys. Pain 1986;26:409-10.
56. Ehrenpreis S, Balagot R, Comaty JE, Myles SB. Naloxonr reversible analgesia in mice produced by D-phenylalanine and hydrocinnamic acid, inhibitors of carboxypeptidase A. In Bonica JJ, et al., eds. Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 3. New York: Raven Press, 1979.
57. Ehrenpreis S. Pharmacology of enkephalinase inhibitors: animal and human studies. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1985;10:203-8.
58. Balagot RC, Ehrenpreis S, Kubota K, Greenberg J. Analgesia in mice and humans by D-phenylalanine: Relation to inhibition of enkephalin degradation and enkephalin levels. In: Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG, eds., Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol 5. New York: Raven Press, 1983, 289-93.
59. Mitchell MJ, Daines GE, Thomas BL. Effect of L-tryptophan and phenylalanine on burning pain threshold. Phys Ther 1987;67:203-5.
60. D'Alessandro R. D-Phenylalanine does not affect nociceptive, flexion reflex thresholds in normal humans. Anesth Analg 1983;62:857-8.
61. Budd K. Use of D-phenylalanine, an enkephalinase inhibitor, in the treatment of intractable pain. In: Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG, eds., Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol 5. New York: Raven Press, 1983, 305-8.
62. Donzelle G, Bernard L, Deumier R, et al. Curing trial of complicated oncologic pain by D-phenylalanine. Anesthesie, Analgesie, Reanimation 1981;38:655-8 [in French].
63. Balagot RC, Ehrenpreis S, Kubota K, Greenberg J. Analgesia in mice and humans by D-phenylalanine: Relation to inhibition of enkephalin degradation and enkephalin levels. In: Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG, eds., Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol 5. New York: Raven Press, 1983, 289-93.
64. Walsh NE, Ramamurthy S, Schoenfeld LS, Hoffman J. Analgesic effectiveness of D-phenylalanine in chronic pain patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986;67:436-9.
65. Sicuteri F. Enkephalinase inhibition relieves pain syndromes of central dysnociception (migraine and related headache). Cephalalgia 1981;1:229-32.
66. Kitade T, Minamikawa M, Nawata T, et al. An experimantal study on the enhancing effects of phenylalanine on acupuncture analgesia. Am J Chin Med 1981;9:243-8.
67. Takeshige C, Mera H, Hisamitsu T, et al. Inhibition of the analgesia inhibitory system by D-phenylalanine and proglumide. Brain Res Bull 1991;26:385-91.
68. Kitade T, Odahara Y, Shinohara S, et al. Studies on the enhanced effect of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia by D-phenylalanine (first report)—effect on pain threshold and inhibition by naloxone. Acupunct Electrother Res 1988;13:87-97.
69. Kitade T, Odahara Y, Shinohara S, et al. Studies on the enhanced effect of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia bu D-phenylalanine (2nd report)—schedule of administration and clinical effects in low back pain and tooth extraction. Acupunct Electrother Res 1990;15:121-35.
70. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995.
71. Santos AR, Filho VC, Yunes RA, et al. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effects of extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus. Gen Pharmacol 1995;26:1499-506.
72. Cechinel Filho V, Santos AR, De Campos RO, et al. Chemical and pharmacological studies of Phyllanthus caroliniensis in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996;48:1231-6.
73. Miguel OG, Calixto JB, Santos Ar, et al. Chemical and preliminary analgesic evaluation of geraniin and furosin isolated from Phyllanthus sellowianus, Planta Med 1996;62:146-9.
74. Syamasundar KV, Singh B, Thakur RS, et al. Antihepatotoxic principles of Phyllanthus niruri herbs. J Ethnopharmacol 1985;14:41-4.
75. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995.
76. Hanck A, Weiser H. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamins. Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl 1985;27:189-206.
77. Hieber H. Treatment of vertebragenous pain and sensitivity disorders using high doses of hydroxocobalamin. Med Monatsschr 1974;28:545-8 [in German].
78. Hedner T, Everts B. The early clinical history of salicylates in rheumatology and pain. Clin Rheumatol 1998;17:17-25.
79. Cherng CH, Wong CS, Ho ST. Spinal actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1996;34:81-8.
80. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York: Haworth Press, 1999, 200-4.
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The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. Self-treatment is not recommended for life-threatening conditions that require medical treatment under a doctor's care. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2016.


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About twice a year, several directors from class 6 public libraries, those serving a population over 100,000, get together and talk informally. This informal group currently includes six public library directors from the southern and central areas of Michigan. Some of us have been in our positions or libraries for years and years, others of us are relatively new. We exchange topics in advance and all come prepared to share ideas and advice with each other.
We met last week. Not surprisingly, the first topic we all wanted to talk about was the decline in local revenue we are all experiencing, and how each library is adapting services and staffing. Other topics included the decrease in funding for the Library of Michigan and how it will impact public library patrons, strategic planning being undertaken by several of us, community collaborations, increasing emphasis on self-services for patrons.
Although we are all in the same "business," many of our services and community emphases are quite different. We have much to learn from each other, much to share. I always return from these gathering with some new ideas to consider for KPL. For me, this is networking at it finest!
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Covenant House Florida has helped thousands of displaced kids each year since opening in 1985. The Fort Lauderdale Beach crisis shelter is famous throughout SoFla for its open-intake policy, which provides food and shelter to youth with no place else to go, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. These kids have recently been kicked out of their homes or else they've been living on the street for days or weeks; some are young teenagers whose families have recently found themselves homeless. Regardless of the circumstances surrounding their arrival at CHF, these kids don't have a lot of luggage quite often, they arrive with nothing but the clothes they're wearing. This makes going to work, school, or GED classes difficult not to mention embarrassing and makes successful job-hunting almost impossible. For this reason, Covenant House Florida is continually on the lookout for threads appropriate to youth, 13 to 20 years of age. A full wish list can be found on the shelter's website, www.covenanthousefl.org
For years, Amanda Magnetta-Ottati helped her husband Tate run Tate's Comics, but it wasn't until the couple decided to expand the popular comic book store this year that she quit her steady gig in advertising. Magnetta-Ottati now runs an eclectic hideaway, Bear and Bird, in the store's loft space. Call it an alternative art gallery. "Something that's been sorely lacking in Broward County," she says, "is a space for emerging artists that are focused in pop culture." Her space is a kind of "curated boutique," she says, staying intentionally vague about the edgy work she prefers. "Basically, it's all filled with stuff that I think is neat." The Bear and Bird's first art show "For the Love of Munny" a collection of peculiarly compelling art toys with personalized designs -- drew a crowd of 1500.
New Times: What kind of spy gadgets could I buy at the Bear and Bird?
Magnetta-Ottati: Ooh! We have these cool cameras called Lomos. One of the styles takes sequential shots that capture pictures at fractions of a second's difference. That's a great spy tool.
What exotic destination would you like to travel to?
Japan! I've always wanted to go. Just because I know that my head will explode from all the cool stuff. I think that I'm drawn to it in part by the awesome pull of their shopping and bizarre characters and signage! I know my husband Tate would really enjoy seeing a sumo match and eating uni!
How would you prepare for the Bond experience?
I'd love a super-fabulous bag of spy disguises. It would be interesting to blend in to any situation and learn as an insider. I can't wait to try out my bald cap and beard disguise. I actually have a dynamic duo of attack dogs. Both are adorable, scruffy mutts from the Humane Society. They are always there to remind me to take time out of my all too busy life for a good belly scratching!
Yes, that's a huge glass case filled with toothpicks mounted on the east wall of the Take a Byte showroom in downtown Hollywood. To answer your next question, there are exactly 1 million of them. As to the questions of why someone collected them and who that someone is, let's all agree not to ask, OK? You may not want to know. Besides, you came here because you have an ailing or outdated computer. Fact is, most of us don't know what hardware we need, nor what's compatible with our machine, and even if we did, we don't trust ourselves to install it without breaking the thing. There's a better way. Drop off the laptop at Take a Byte and let Mike get his mitts on it. By the same day, he'll list all the hardware you need to modernize your computer. He can order that hardware at wholesale prices, then install it for you. And as a complimentary gift, he'll cure your system of all those viruses and spyware that slow it down. You get an old computer that runs like a brand-new model at a fraction of the price. Just don't ask about the toothpicks.
You can hock Granddaddy's watch in any old shop, but rare are the pawn shops where a fellow can pawn in bulk. Like his helicopter. Or his bulldozer. They buy it all at Casino Pawn & Jewelry, located across Stirling Road from the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino a short stroll for the inveterate gamblers among us. Buyers can find a whole fleet of four-wheelers, choose from among a tool section that rivals the Home Depot, or pick up a slew of musical instruments the detritus of so much misspent ambition. Prices are competitive with eBay, and the manager, Mark, claims his shop pays the highest price for goods in an area strewn with pawn shops.
Any health-food store can sell stuff that claims to be good for you. But go to the counter at Simply Natural and you're liable to find Richard or Shahrooz, the husband-and-wife owners who have been known to offer free meditation classes, free guest lecturers, and even free samples of vegan foods. They can draw upon their vast expertise on all matters health to recommend an herbal remedy or nutrition supplement for whatever ails you. Or they can set you up with one of the many practitioners who rotate through the shop's back office: an acupuncturist, masseuse, reflexologist, iridologist, or CardioVision analyst. Plus, it's a short walk next door to the Simply Natural Café, which boasts the area's cheapest and most truly organic menu around. The meat is grass-fed and hormone-free, and even the beer and wine are organic.
So there's this guy, Books. He won't say his real name. He does some graffiti, but he can't talk about that either because, you know, it's illegal. He and his business partner, Dr. Black (don't ask him his real name either), have taken stencil to an artistic level. Remember stencils from grade school? These ain't them. Books and Black have made intricate stencils and engravings carved with a CO2 laser onto metal, wood, and even mirrors. They've been hired to create business cards, poker tables, and wedding invites. They'll even engrave the windshield of your tricked-out ride. While they're both very mysterious about what they do, they're open about one thing: MasterCard is accepted.


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In May of 2005 I posted my first 100 Things List.
For those who don't know, a 100 Things List is simply 100 Things you write down about yourself. These are/were mine in 2005:
1) My Name is Cylithria
2) People call me Cyli, Cyl, Lithie or weird.
3) I am a Red Head.
4) Yes, it is natural red hair.
5) I am short.
6) I can't cook to save my life…Or anyone else's for that matter.
7) When I say I can't cook, I mean it. I burn so many things, I became a Firefighter because of it.
8.) I had to get a height and weight waiver to join the fire department.
9) I grew up on a remote island in Alaska
10) My daddy was a A United States Marine (OORAH)
11) Frogs
12) <— This number is one number shy of the "13 reason's why a girl says no".
13) You won't understand the comment above unless you were in the Navy.
14) I am a writer of no great talent
15) Sales prove you do not need talent to be a writer.
16) I love full fashioned stockings, garterbelts and sexy high heels.
17) All women should throw panty hose away and convert to stockings.
18) It'll never happen, but I can dream.
19) The number of girls in my Brownie Troop
20) The number of parents who don't volunteer in my brownie troop.
21) Who needs them anyway, the girls and I have more fun without them.
22) I love to fish, hunt, trap, and basically do anything in a forest.
23) I adore motorcycles.
24) I broke my arm and had a 10 inch Titanium Plate and 8 Screws put into my arm to save it.
25) I was out riding my motorcycle when I broke my arm.
26) I was walking away from the bike, when I fell causing the break
27) I should have stayed on the motorcycle.
28) One of the screws in my arm is loose.
29) Yes, that means I have a screw loose!
30) I also have what is known as sinus absentia (No sinus in the sinus cavity so on X-rays it looks like a hole in my head)
31) So yes, that means I have a hole in my head AND a screw loose.
32) Medical records are admissible in a court of law.
33) I plan to use those medical records as my defense should I ever need it.
34) "But your Honor, I didn't know what I was doing. I have a hole in my head and a screw loose!"
35) That defense probably won't work, but imagine the jury's reaction to it.
36) Coffee is the nectar of the Gods.
37) I praise the Gods everyday by drinking coffee.
38) Life would be hell without coffee.
39) I like my coffee Blond and Sweet – Like my men…
40) Oh wait, what men?
41) Phooey, that sounds pitiful.
42)Crap this is a long list.
43) Why am I bothering to do this?
44) oh yeah, it's 100 things about me…That's why.
45) Great…*groan*…I'm not even half way through the list yet.
46) My favorite color is a tie between green and black.
47) Black probably win's since I wear that the most.
48) I hate it when people ask me if my nails are real.
49) What am I supposed to do, break one to prove to them they are in fact real?
50) What difference does it make if they are real or not?
51) Hell if I know!
52) I am 4′ 11 3/4″ Tall.
53) I told you I was short.
54) Not only am I a red head, I am also a Scorpio.
55) People say that is a dangerous combination.
56) Since when do I listen to what people say?
57) I'd rather have a plant then flowers.
58) Course, it'd be nice to have a guy who bought me either
59) I have been to 49 of the 50 states.
60) I am very patriotic.
61) everyone should hang a yellow ribbon up, not because of the war.
62) They should hang it because even at peace time, we have men and women overseas still.
63) Thus hang the yellow ribbon, until they ALL come home!
64) During Peace time people forget about our men and women in the military.
65) During war, people protest.
66) To each their own, protest if you want….That's what our Guys and Gal's fought and died for….Your rights!
67) I never forget that fact…Or the ones who never came home.
68) Wow, you don't realize how long this is, until you do it.
69) Of Course I could say something provocative here, but I won't.
70) I'll say it here instead….I like 69.
71) Dang – that was my outside voice beating up my inside voice.
72) My inside voice is the good, polite voice.
73) My outside voice, is the bad, naughty voice.
74) My outside voice beats up my inside voice – A LOT!
75) It must be the red-headed, scorpion effect.
76) That defense would also not hold up in court.
77) That's why I don't plan to end up in court.
78) Cashews are good.
79) WRONG – Cashews are excellent.
80) I hate smurfs, especially smurfette.
81) I hate smurfette almost as much as I hated Barbie Doll's as a kid.
82) I tormented Barbie.
83) I probably shouldn't have, she'd be worth a fortune now if I had saved her in mint condition.
84) Dang – why don't we have foresight at 7 years old?
85) But still – it was worth torturing Barbie.
86) I bet you don't care at all about that – do you?
87) I really don't either, but I have to say something right?
88) Of course I could say nothing, but my outside voice simply won't allow that.
89) I hate the color pink.
90) When combined with Purple, I get nauseous.
91) Who was the dork that designated pink as being for girls?
92) Probably the same idiot who created pantyhose.
93) Maybe I should torment him instead of Barbie?
94) Wait- Maybe I should torment him WITH a Barbie.
95) Ewwww that is nasty.
96) of course pantyhose are Nasty
97) Hmmm…Only three more things left to tell you.
98) I wonder what they should be?
99) Wow I am lame, I don't know the answer to that.
100) Told you some people call me weird! Now you see why!
Since it is now 2011, Perhaps I shall re-write my 100 Things and post them too!
Why Not – Right?


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Women's Day
Women claim half of Tamkeen benefits
About 47 per cent of the total beneficiaries from programmes initiated by Bahrain's labour fund Tamkeen are women, said a top official. Tamkeen yesterday (December 1) highlighted its initiatives to empower Bahraini women andMore…
Bahrain marks Women's Day
Bahrain yesterday (December 1) marked its annual Women's Day, announcing a series of events to celebrate the occasion. A two-day event will be held on December 7 and 8 to pay tribute to Bahraini women, Supreme Council for Women (SCW) WomenMore…
Ernst & Young marks Women's Day
Ernst & Young (E&Y), a global leader in assurance, tax and advisory services, marked the International Women's Day with an event that featured women achievers at E&Y who spoke on empowerment and their successful career paths. TMore…


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RFE: Conference Listings
This service is a joint project of RFE and EconBiz.
Sapient Press
- Dates:
- January 09-10, 2015
- Description:
- 2015 International Business and Management Winter Conference - Sapient Press
- Location:
- Busan, Korea (South)
- Subject:
- The 2015 International Business and Management Conference is geared towards providing the global academic community an opportunity to exchange our collective knowledge, perspectives and experience on a broad range of business, economics and other social science related disciplines. There will be an internet session as well as the possibility to publish in one of the Sapient Press journals.Topics/Tracks:The International Business and Management Conference welcomes papers in: Accounting, Education, International Trade, Strategic Management, Accreditation, Emerging Markets, Investments, Supply Chain Management, Advertising, Entrepreneurship, Labor Economics, Sustainable Tourism, AgriBusiness, Ethics, Logistics, Taxation, Agricultural Economics, Finance Macroeconomics, Teaching Techniques & Methods, Auditing, Financial Accounting, Microeconomics, Tenure and Promotion, Banking, Financial Economics, Management, Tourism, Behavioral Finance, Financial Management, Management Info. systems, Trade, Branding, Financial Markets, Managerial Accounting, dBusiness Education, Financial Planning, Marketing, Business Law, Firm Governance, Marketing Research, Capital Markets, Forensic Accounting, Merchandizing, Consumer Behavior, Globalization, Operation Management, Corporate Finance, Healthcare Administration, Options and Futures, Curriculum, Higher Education Administration, Personal Finance, Decision Sciences, History of Economic Thought, Production Management, Derivate Securities, Human Resource Management, Promotion, E-Commerce, Information Technology, Public Administration, Econometrics, Insurance, Real Estate, Economics Intergenerational Accounting, Research Methods, Eco-Tourism International Finance, Statistics.[gem?_?? den Informationen des Anbieters - according to site editor's information]
- Notes:
- JEL Code:
- Sponsor:
- http://www.sapientpress.com/conferences.html


text: I went to Nandos for the first time today because every one raves about it. Well I went and I was still hungry after spending 17 quid, so im thinking were did I go wrong I ordered a single chicken pitta with chips and garlic bread as sides (hot sauce) and half a chicken (extra hot sauce) and a extra pitta bread. So as a nandos noob could some body point out were I went wrong and what I should have order. p.s how much does it usually cost to fill u up.


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Saeb Erekat
News about Saeb Erekat, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Mahmoud Abbas to Resign P.L.O. Leadership Position, Officials Say
Mr. Abbas would quit as head of the executive committee in a maneuver apparently designed to boost his legitimacy within the organization, committee members said....
August 23, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Abbas, Mahmoud , Palestine Liberation Organization , Palestinians , Erekat, Saeb , Rabbo, Yasir Abed , Palestinian Authority , Ashrawi, Hanan , Gaza Strip , West Bank , Israel
Mahmoud Abbas Appoints New Secretary General of the P.L.O.
The move by the Palestinian president, who chose a confidant nearly two weeks after dismissing the former secretary, suggested a fear of rivals....
July 14, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Palestinians , Appointments and Executive Changes , Palestine Liberation Organization , Abbas, Mahmoud , Erekat, Saeb
Arc of a Failed Deal: How Nine Months of Mideast Talks Ended in Disarray
As a nine-month deadline for an Israeli-Palestinian peace deal passes, new punitive measures in progress and other moves could bring an intractable conflict to a new low....
April 29, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Hamas , Israel , Netanyahu, Benjamin , Palestinian Authority , International Relations , Erekat, Saeb , Palestinians , Israeli Settlements , United States International Relations
Video of Palestinian President is Shown at Tel Aviv Conference
President Mahmoud Abbas said that he could accept an Israeli military presence in the West Bank for a three-year transition period as part of a peace deal....
January 28, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Erekat, Saeb , Kerry, John , Abbas, Mahmoud , Israel , West Bank , Hamas , Refugees and Displaced Persons , Palestinians , Defense and Military Forces
Israeli Move Over Housing Poses a Threat to Peace Talks
The lead Palestinian negotiator said the talks would end if Israel did not withdraw its call for new plans for housing in West Bank settlements....
November 13, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Israel , Netanyahu, Benjamin , Palestine Liberation Organization , Israeli Settlements , Palestinians , Erekat, Saeb
Kerry Says Goal Is Mideast Peace Deal Within 9 Months
Secretary of State John Kerry said Israeli and Palestinian negotiators would meet within two weeks to work out a peace agreement leading to an independent Palestinian state....
July 31, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: United States International Relations , Kerry, John , Palestinians , Israel , Erekat, Saeb , Livni, Tzipi , Palestinian Authority , Netanyahu, Benjamin
On Anniversary of Arab-Israeli War, a Palestinian Plea
In a visit to a militarily strategic site in the West Bank, the Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat called for an end to the Israeli occupation....
June 5, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: West Bank , Erekat, Saeb , Israel , Palestinian Authority , Netanyahu, Benjamin , Abbas, Mahmoud , Yaalon, Moshe , Kerry, John
Support for Kerry's Mideast Peace Efforts on Eve of Visit
Since becoming secretary of state, John Kerry has worked to jump-start the stalled peace process, embracing a seemingly intractable issue....
May 23, 2013, Thursday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Palestinians , Israel , Kerry, John , West Bank , Netanyahu, Benjamin , Erekat, Saeb , Abbas, Mahmoud , Israeli Settlements , United States International Relations
New Apartments Will Complicate Jerusalem Issue
Israeli residences are being sandwiched into the fabric of Arab East Jerusalem, a construction many say undermines the idea that the area could serve as the capital of a Palestinian state....
March 17, 2013, Sunday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Palestinians , Jews and Judaism , Israeli Settlements , Jerusalem Post , Netanyahu, Benjamin , Erekat, Saeb , Shalit, Gilad , Jerusalem (Israel) , Israel
Romney Comments on Palestinians Draw Criticism
Mitt Romney's remarks at a fund-raiser suggesting cultural differences accounted for disparities between the per capita incomes of Israel and the Palestinians, have drawn criticism....
July 30, 2012, Monday
MORE ON SAEB EREKAT AND: Erekat, Saeb , Romney, Mitt , Israel , West Bank
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Right-Wing Sinclair Broadcast Group Buying Allbritton TV Stations
Blog ››› ››› OLIVER WILLIS
Sinclair Broadcast Group, the country's largest operator of local television stations, is purchasing seven broadcast TV stations and NewsChannel 8, a regional cable news network, from Allbriton Communications. Sinclair has a history of using its stations to promote a conservative messages and also attempted to influence the 2004 election in favor of the Republican Party.
According to the New York Times, Sinclair plans to purchase the stations for $985 million and "explore the rollout of a national cable news channel using NewsChannel 8 as its core." The purchase includes WJLA, the ABC network affiliate in the Washington, D.C. media market. The Times reports that Sinclair's stations reach "about 35 percent of households in the United States."
In the past, Sinclair has used its stations to promote a conservative, anti-progressive message.
Sinclair used to produce and distribute a one-minute commentary segment called "The Point," hosted by Sinclair vice president Mark Hyman. Broadcast on Sinclair stations nationwide, "The Point" regularly attacked progressives while promoting conservative misinformation on issues like social security,Hurricane Katrina, and health care. The segment ceased production in 2006, but Hyman's right-wing commentaries resumed in 2010 as "Behind The Headlines with Mark Hyman," which currently airs on several Sinclair-owned stations.
Hyman is also a contributor to The American Spectator's website, where he added his voice to the chorus of conspiracy theorists spreading unfounded rumors about President Obama's birth certificate. A recent column by Hyman asked, "Did Barack Obama just green light the execution of George Zimmerman?"
In April 2004, Sinclair refused to carry a special edition of Nightline in which the names of the servicemen and women killed in Iraq were read aloud on its ABC affiliates. In a statement, the company described the episode as part of "a political agenda designed to undermine the efforts of the United States in Iraq." Hyman accused then-Nightline anchor Ted Koppel of "trying to stir up public opposition" to the war.
A few days before the 2004 election, Sinclair reportedly ordered its stations to pre-empt regular programming and air Stolen Honor: Wounds That Never Heal, a film which leveled several false accusations against Democratic presidential candidate and Navy veteran John Kerry. When reporter Jon Leiberman criticized the film as "biased political propaganda," he was fired by Sinclair. Sinclair later backtracked on its plans and instead aired A POW Story: Politics, Pressure and the Media, which negatively focused on Kerry's activities during the war.
At a 2005 press conference with then-Senator John Kerry, Sinclair's Washington bureau chief Don Hammond attempted to ask Kerry about the "amazing accusations" by conspiracy theorist Jerome Corsi about Kerry's military career.
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- Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc.
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- Mark Hyman
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Davis Making First San Antonio Stop as Candidate for Governor
Wendy Davis is making her first stop in San Antonio as a candidate for governor today, 1200 WOAI news reports.
Mayor Castro along with the Ft. Worth state senator is meeting with employees at Rackspace, and the mayor says Davis is making a good impression.
"It's really a company that shows the best potential for Texas, developing a technology hub for the 21st century," Castro said.
The private visit it largely to help Davis raise money. She is currently running well behind likely Republican opponent Greg Abbott in fundraising.
And while many of Rackspace's employees are from notoriously liberal Northern California, the company culture is Republican. A look at donation lists shows that The Rackspace PAC and company founder Graham Weston have overwhelmingly donated to Republicans, incluidng Gov. Rick Perry.
But Castro says Davis' message will resonate with 'Rackers.'
"She represents a district where she had to go out and get crossover support," Castro said. "She has done that before, and I am confident that she would do that as governor."
Castro says Davis represents what America is looking for in its political leaders.
"This time of gridlock and DC, when people are shouting at each other, Sen. Davis, throughout her career, has shown an ability to work with people on both sides of the aisle."
While Davis doesn't have any public events during this San Antonio stop, Castro says she will be spending plenty of time in the coming 13 months trying to earn the support of San Antonio voters.


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Backroom Exclusives 26, Scene #01
- : 05/23/2011 |
- : 19:10 min |
- : 3014
Scene Info
Trent Diesel's summer job as a valet in a gay resort has some major perks. For instance, when he gets busted jacking off to Logan Scott's porno mag he begs the 6' 2' hunk to not tell his boss. Logan agrees as long as Trent gives up his big round ass. They start making out then take turns sucking each other's big fat cocks. Trent keeps up his end of the bargain and bends over, offering Logan his muscle-butt who fucks him all over the motel room. Now that's room service!
Related Movies
Backroom Exclusives 26
Categories : Anal Sex, Ass Shot, Athletes, Big Cock, Cumshot, Hairy, Jock, Jockstrap, Kissing, Latin Men
Starring : Cole Streets, Diego Torres, Jake Austin, John Magnum, JR Matthews, Kyle Quinn, Logan Scott, Riley Price, Topher DiMaggio, Trent Diesel


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Sunday, September 12, 2010
Charlotte Ronson & Alexander Wang SS11
Charlotte Ronson (first four looks)-Slouchy, relaxed..Grungy yet feminine..Love it!
Alexander Wang (last four looks)-All I really could see were the shoessssss! There were some amazing pieces, such as the aqua coloured sweater and that long, flowey camel coat. But the shoes are outstanding... They made the collection in my opinion
26 comments:
Gorgeous! I absolutely adore this collection! I agree with what you have written, it's grungy yet it feels so feminine and modern! Great post!ReplyDelete
Check out my new post on Celine's collection at:
nice cllectionReplyDelete
Great post I love the camel coat.ReplyDelete
Check out my post on the Chanel opening
I am a faithful follower of Alexander Wang!ReplyDelete
Nice photos!
Great selection! Thanks for sharing xxxReplyDelete
wow, those a wang shoes are incredible.. i can see why that's all you really noticed!ReplyDelete
awesome pictures!! xReplyDelete
That orange dress is absolutely amazing!!... might be because orange is my fave color to work with! ;-)ReplyDelete
Happy Sunday Dear! xo
in love with the charlotte ronson collection!!! Hope to see you at fashion fest girl:)ReplyDelete
Loving the second dress :) I could never pull off a maxi though. :PReplyDelete
OMG! You saw this collection too! I need to have these shoes too! Urgently!ReplyDelete
Love the sheer little numbers:)ReplyDelete
Statements in Fashion
I adore these collections, the hood hat things in charlotte ronsons collections are sick! xReplyDelete
oh wow! this collection is amazing - i love how it looks so effortless and chic at the same time!ReplyDelete
I like those pieces some of them are really amazing!ReplyDelete
i love these grungy looks!ReplyDelete
The Maxi dresses are love :) Thanks for the thoughtful comment dear, I hope you like my new outfit post too :DReplyDelete
-Gayle from www.gayleisvolatile.blogspot.com
that first model has "big boobs" for a model or just a good push-up braReplyDelete
I couldn't agree more with you about the alexander wang shoes- I was browsing through this show last night and they are the only thing that really stuck with me!ReplyDelete
Thank youu for your lovely comment! I'm also very happy with my new finds!ReplyDelete
Great collection, alexander wang is amazing! True inspiration!
i agree with your review. grungy, yet fabulous!ReplyDelete
avital, do you have a button that i can display on the left hand side of my blog?
<3 dennica pearl
- through the eyes of a pearl
- vintage shop
Hi !ReplyDelete
I discovered your blog in Pandora's website.
I find your blog so interesting !!!
But i think you could have most visits !
And ... Changing your photos could be a great idea ...
Play with the camera ! Give a living aspect to your photos. =)
I like your website !! ;)
I'm quite enjoying the casual vibes of both collections. Wang is making a name for himself with shoe designs it seems.ReplyDelete
Ahhhh such beautiful and HOT shoes!! Break the bank, baby!!!ReplyDelete
Love it!
The Beckerman Girls


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Lawsuit Claims SA Christian Schools 'Glorify Confederate History'
A San Antonio couple is suing San Antonio Christian Schools, claiming the schools forced their son to listen to a 'glorification of Confederate history,' which they say amounted to 'racist propaganda,' 1200 WOAI news reports.
In a lawsuit obtained by 1200 WOAI's Michael Board, Thaddeus and Sharon Greene claim that their son, Thaddeus Green II, was required to attend a 'spiritual retreat' at which he was 'subjected to a program of racist propaganda in the form of a glorification of Confederate history and the Confederate flag.'
When the Greens complained, they say their son was accused of several 'criminal acts, including rape,' as an attempt to get him removed from the school.
The lawsuit claims that the school promotes 'diversity,' but doesn't actually practice it.
"To satisfy this hypocritical policy, it is an established pattern that the school will admit a black students, and then begin a willful and intentional campaign to have the black student destroyed and dismissed, typically within the first semester," the lawsuit said.
The schools deny the allegations.
The lawsuit claims that the San Antonio Christian Schools 'promote racism in their schools,' and blamed 'the faculty and other parents' for this policy.
The lawsuit named the Board of Directors and principal Robert Armstrong as defendants.


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The central European state of Hungary has become one of Europe's major tourist destinations. Whether you're relaxing in the famed spas of the capital Budapest, ice skating on Europe's biggest outdoor rink, swimming in the 50 mile long Lake Balaton or sitting on the banks of the Danube Hungary has it covered.
Here at Review Centre we provide you with hotel reviews around Hungary to help you find the best holiday accommodation for your needs. Compare users' recommendations and ratings on hotels in Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged and other Hungarian cities.
If you haven't yet done so you can check out our holiday destination reviews and find out what other travellers' have to say about the holiday destination of your choice.We also have flights reviews to Hungary and other European destinations to help you find the best airline bargain. Also our car hire reviews can help you choose the right car rental company. Don't forget to write your own review on a hotel you stayed in in Hungary and help others find the information they need.
Category: Hotels in Hungary
Category: Hotels in Hungary
As rated by our community of reviewers


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Date: January 07 2013
Stocks to watch on the Australian stock exchange at the close of trade on Monday:
LYC - LYNAS - Up nine cents or 14.4 per cent, at 71.5 cents.
Rare earths miner Lynas expects to be producing finished products from its controversial plant in Malaysia within weeks.
PAG - PRIMEAG AUSTRALIA - up one cent or 0.88 per cent to $1.15.
Rural investor PrimeAg Australia has reached a $2.2 million insurance settlement relating to losses it incurred during the 2011 Queensland floods.
RIO - RIO TINTO - down $1.15, or 1.7 per cent, at $67.40.
Mining giant Rio Tinto is considering halting operations at its alumina refinery in Arnhem Land.
WHC - WHITEHAVEN COAL - down two cents, or 0.57 per cent, at $3.55.
Whitehaven Coal shares fell heavily during local trade on Monday following a hoax announcement on funding for its Maules Creek project.
The shares have since gained back most of the lost ground after Whitehaven said the release was a hoax and the corporate watchdog will investigate the incident.
This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited.
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Unified Police detectives arrested a 55-year-old Draper man they believe is connected to last week's disappearance of a Herriman girl who vanished from her home and emerged two days later unharmed but still in her pajamas without shoes.
Salt Lake County Sheriff James Winder said Angel Garcia was arrested Wednesday at about 7:30 p.m. and has been booked into the Salt Lake County Jail on suspicion of child kidnapping, harboring a runaway, obstructing justice and child endangerment.
Brooklyn Gittins, 13, disappeared sometime between the night of Jan. 8 and the morning of Jan. 9. She left behind her shoes, glasses and was still wearing her pajamas. After two days of searching from more than 1,000 volunteers from Herriman and beyond, Gittins called her grandmother from a Walmart store in West Jordan on Thursday at 11:30 p.m. She was unharmed, but Salt Lake County authorities suspected that someone else may have been involved in the girl's mysterious disappearance.
As the search continued last week, officials suspected that Gittins may have been abducted, and that suspicion was corroborated after she found, Winder said.
Winder did not go into specifics about how Garcia knew Gittins, only to say that there was "an association between common friends." Garcia's arrest brought to a close what Winder described as a "complicated" case, and cautioned against speculation, especially about the victim.
"I don't want to characterize young Brooklyn's actions here, and I don't think anybody else should either," Winder said. "What we have to look at here is the suspect, who has in no uncertain terms behaved in a predatory fashion relative to a young member of our community."
Police said that Gittins was not physically harmed during the time she went missing, a statement that Winder reiterated again Wednesday night. Winder alleged that Garcia knew about the community-wide search that took place while Gittins was missing and that there was a "significant" amount of premeditation that went into the alleged abduction. Where Garcia is alleged to have taken Gittins is still unclear.
"The locations are still being tracked down, but we believe there were several," Winder said.
Winder said the case will now go before the district attorney.
Twitter: @KimballBennion


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(6/18/2006) The dog days of summer are now upon us. We�ve been hearing much about the sweltering conditions in the southwest, and now we too, have been hit by some hot and humid weather.
Exceptionally high temperatures might trigger some adverse health reactions in susceptible populations, especially the very young and the elderly. Heat related illnesses, such as �heatstroke� and �sunstroke� occur when your body can�t keep itself cool. Common symptoms of heat illness are headache, dizziness, muscle weakness or muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting.
What can you do?
Bill Quinn, director of Health for the City of New Haven says that the best defense is prevention. Here are some prevention tips:
� Drink more fluids (nonalcoholic), regardless of your activity level. Don�t wait until you�re thirsty to drink. Warning: If your doctor generally limits the amount of fluid you drink or has you on water pills, ask her how much you should rink while the weather is hot.
� Don�t drink liquids that contain caffeine, alcohol, or large amounts of sugar as these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also, avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps.
� Stay indoors and, if at all possible, stay in an air-conditioned place. If your home does not have air-conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library � even a few hours spent in air-conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat. Call your local health department to see if there are any heat-relief shelters in your area.
� Electric fans may provide comfort, but when the temperature is in the high 90s, fans will not prevent heat-related illness. Taking a cool shower or bath, or moving to an air-conditioned place is a much better way to cool off.
� Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
� NEVER leave anyone in a closed, parked vehicle.
Although any one at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others. Visit adults at risk at least twice a day and closely watch them for signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Infants and young children, of course, need much more frequent watching.
Check regularly on:
� Infants and young children
� People aged 65 or older
� People who have a mental illness
� Those who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure
If you must be out in the heat:
� Limit your outdoor activity to morning and evening hours.
� Cut down on exercise. If you must exercise, drink two to four glasses of cool, non alcoholic fluids each hour. A sports beverage can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. Warning: If you are on a low-salt diet, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage. Remember the warning in the first �Tip� (above), too.
� Try to rest often in shady areas. Protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat (also keeps you cooler) and sunglasses and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher (the most effective products say �broad spectrum� or �UVA/UVB protection� on their labels).
� If you feel dizzy or lightheaded stop whatever it is you�re doing. Feeling dizzy or lightheaded are the first signs of heat exhaustion. Drink some water and use a cool wet cloth or icepack around your neck for five or ten minutes to help bring down your body temperature. If you start to feel disoriented or confused, ask someone to take you to an emergency room or call 911 right away.
Mr. Quinn concludes by saying that with special care and following the recommendations mentioned there is no reason to be concerned. Enjoy the warm weather but be smart and act responsibly. And, don�t forget your sunscreen!


text: Hi I have a Sony Vaio Z VPCZ1290s with Intel HD graphics 1920x1080 resolution. Im having the same problem with it when installing BT5 Gnome64bit. The only way I could get into the terminal is with the nomodeset parameter but when I startx the screen goes black and the caplock LED start flashing. I tried the i915.modeset=1, i915.modeset=0, changing the vga=1 to 2 in the grub menu but the screen would still go black after a few moments. Does anyone have other solutions?


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People Directory
Daniel McCorkle
Senior Scientist
Geology & Geophysics
Office Phone: +1 508 289 2949
Fax: +1 508 457 2183
WHOI Mailing Address:
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
266 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050
Other WHOI Addresses:
Office: McLean 100C (MS# 08)
B.A. Columbia University, 1978, Geology
M.Sc. University of Washington, 1983, Chemical Oceanography
Ph.D. University of Washington, 1987, Chemical Oceanography
Research Interests
Benthic geochemistry: pore water and solid phase studies of organic matter decomposition, calcium carbonate dissolution, and trace metal remobilization. Ocean paleochemistry: calibration studies of benthic foraminiferal shell chemistry, and isotopic and elemental estimates of changes in ocean circulation and the oceanic carbon cycle. Marine biomineralization: laboratory and culture-based studies of calcification by corals, mollusks, and foraminifera, and of the response of calcification to the uptake of fossil fuel carbon dioxide by the ocean (ocean acidification). Land-sea groundwater interactions: chemical and isotopic studies of groundwater discharge into estuaries and the coastal ocean.


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Elan to explore
company sale
Irish drugmaker Elan Corp. said it will explore a sale of the company while its board fends off a hostile takeover bid from Royalty Pharma. Elan said Royalty can participate in Elan's sale process, but it wants shareholders to steer clear of Royalty's latest bid. Royalty has offered to pay $13 for each Elan share plus up to $2.50 per share in payments based on performance milestones.
Syrian conflict
pushes oil up
Oil rose to the highest level since January amid concerns about a possible escalation in Syria's civil war. Oil for July delivery rose $1.16 to close at $97.85 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It finished the week with a gain of $1.82 a barrel, or 1.9 percent. The Middle East is a key source of crude oil and conflicts there usually push oil prices higher.
U.S. wholesale
prices up in May
A rise in food and gas costs drove a measure of wholesale prices up in May. But outside those volatile categories, inflation was mild. The Labor Department said the producer price index rose 0.5 percent in May from April, nearly offsetting a 0.7 percent decline in April from March. Gas prices rose 1.5 percent last month. Food costs increased 0.6 percent.
Smithfield's 4Q
profit tumbles
Pork producer Smithfield Foods' fourth quarter profit sank nearly 63 percent to $29.7 million as feed costs rose. Revenue was up more than 3 percent to $3.32 billion but its cost of sales rose 6 percent. Smithfield agreed last month to a $4.72 billion takeover offer from the majority shareholder in China's largest meat processor.
Economy better
despite tax burden
The International Monetary Fund said the U.S. economy is on sounder footing than it was a year ago but is still being restrained by government spending cuts and tax increases. The IMF's annual report on the U.S. economy said the underlying fundamentals are gradually improving: Home prices and construction are rising and employers are steadily adding jobs.
Foreign U.S. debt
holdings decline
Foreign demand for U.S. Treasury securities fell in April for the first time in more than a year as China and Japan both trimmed their holdings. The Treasury Department said total foreign holdings dropped 1.2 percent in April from March to $5.67 trillion. China, the largest foreign buyer of Treasury debt, reduced its holdings 0.4 percent to $1.26 trillion.
Factor output
increases slightly
U.S. factories increased their output just 0.1 percent in May from April after declines the previous two months. Factories made more autos and computers last month, but produced less furniture and primary metals. Total industrial production, which covers manufacturing, mining and utilities, was unchanged in May.