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Charting applications that have user interaction are great. They can take advantage of the built-in charting effects, and also take advantage of users' needs to look at data differently, and drill down into data. One of the most interesting ways to experience time-based data is by using a date range selector.
There are some examples of date range selectors out there, such as the fantastic one used by Google finance. I wanted to do something simpler so I wrote this example, which is loosely based on Ely's Custom Annotation example in his Chart Sampler.
Try it out. Just click and drag a range for the chart:
This app consists of a main application file (DateSelectionExample.mxml) and a single ActionScript class file, RangeSelector.as.
The RangeSelector extends the ChartElement class. As a result, you add it to your chart as an annotationElement:
<mx:annotationElements> <custom:RangeSelector/> </mx:annotationElements>
The meat of the RangeSelector class is in the
updateDisplayList() method. Here, it does several things:
- Draws a transparent rectangle over the entire chart. This rectangle allows the mouse events to be handled in the RangeSelector rather than be passed to the chart.
- Draws the selected region if the mouse is being held down and dragged over the chart.
- Transforms the screen coordinates of the selected region into data coordinates that the chart "understands".
- Positions the region's labels as it expands and contracts due to mouse movement.
- Resets the selection region and hide the labels when the mouse is not drawing a new area.
In the constructor, the RangeSelector added labels that show the current date as you drag a selection out and in:
_labelLeft = new Label(); _labelRight = new Label(); addChild(_labelLeft); addChild(_labelRight);
startTracking() and
endTracking() methods keep track of the mouse when it is clicked and dragged. This rectangular region is what defines the new dates to show on the chart.
I used the
parentApplication property to access objects and properties on the main application. It's not the cleanest or most portable code, but it works, and you could easily write a class that handles the access methods.
The width of the selection area is determined by where the user drags the mouse. But to get the height, I wanted to use the entire height of the chart. To do this, I use the
parentApplication property to reach up to the parent app and get the height of the chart itself:
g.drawRect(c[0].x,0,rectWidth, parentApplication.myChart.height);
Later, in the commitProperties() method, the RangeSelector extracts the date information (day, date, and year) to build the label's text:
leftDate = new Date(dLeft); rightDate = new Date(dRight); _labelLeft.text = (leftDate.getMonth()+1) + "/" + leftDate.getDate() + "/" + leftDate.getFullYear(); _labelRight.text = (rightDate.getMonth()+1) + "/" + rightDate.getDate() + "/" + rightDate.getFullYear();
Note that the Date class's
month property is zero-based, so I added 1 to make sure I had the right month in the label.
Finally, when you finish dragging, the RangeSelector modifies the chart's data in the parent application:
parentApplication.minDate = new Date(dLeft); parentApplication.maxDate = new Date(dRight);
minDate and
maxDate properties in the parent application are bound to the chart's DateTimeAxis. By changing these values, the chart's axis changes. As a result, the data shown on the chart changes.
<mx:horizontalAxis> <mx:DateTimeAxis id="hAxis" dataUnits="days" minimum="{minDate}" maximum="{maxDate}"/> </mx:horizontalAxis>
When the chart data changes, the RangeSelector also adjusts the size of the plot points. In this case, I adjust the size of the plot points at the same ratio as the size of the selection is to the chart area. For example, if you drew a selection area half the size of the chart, the plot points increase 50% in size. The smaller the selection, the greater the increase in size of the plot points.
var plotPointRatio:Number = rectWidth/parentApplication.myChart.width; var curRadius:int = parentApplication.series1.getStyle("radius"); parentApplication.series1.setStyle("radius", curRadius *(1 - plotPointRatio + 1)); parentApplication.series2.setStyle("radius", curRadius *(1 - plotPointRatio + 1)); parentApplication.series3.setStyle("radius", curRadius *(1 - plotPointRatio + 1));
In the main app, when you hit reset, the radii of the plot points are reset to their defaults, and the
minDate and
maxDate properties are reset. The chart's axis returns to its original range:
minDate = null; maxDate = null; ... series1.setStyle("radius", 5); series2.setStyle("radius", 5); series3.setStyle("radius", 5);
You can download the source here:


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11 Songs a Man Should Be Listening to This Week
The fourth book in Caro's epic study of Lyndon Johnson is, in a strange way, maybe the best place to start: Even though it is massive, it's also a page-turner. The heart of it is the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the chaos that followed, and watching Johnson both fumble and finesse his way through one of the most pivotal times in American history is pretty breathless stuff. That the accidental president did as well as anyone might have, especially given his vast collection of personal foibles, is inspiring stuff, too. —Chris Jones
$18.42, amazon.com
Because it's about New York and love and dreams and fantasy and life. And because it's gorgeous — every sentence of it.
$10.88, amazon.com
The Best New Songs of June 2012

subset: commoncrawl


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Harrogate, Tenn.- The Lincoln Memorial Railsplitters proved to be too much for the Brevard men's soccer team, defeating the Tornados 5-1 in South Atlantic Conference play on Saturday afternoon.
Lincoln Memorial's Mario Pinto recorded a hat trick for the second consecutive game, scoring against the Tornados at 39:35, 46:18, and 54:43.
Diego Deschamp got the Railsplitters on the board at 23:51 on a header off of a long free kick by Pinto. Following Pinto's three goals, Deschamp capped LMU's scoring by punching in the deflection of a save by BC keeper Jack Shaw at 74:24.
Sophomore Marcelo Betcer scored Brevard's lone goal at 75:16, sending home a rebound of his own shot after it was deflected in the box by LMU keeper Ryan Beckner. The Tornados put six shots on goal in the contest.
BC returns to the pitch on Saturday, October 20th as they host Virginia Intermont College at 4 p.m. for Senior Day.


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I may be biased because I'm part of the Plus Model Magazine team, but I'm in awe of the January 2012 issue. It's filled with literally everything. Loving the beauty and fashion features. I was really excited to put together my shopping piece covering three common new year resolutions. I'm especially moved by the What's Wrong With Our Bodies Anyways? feature. It's a powerful photo spread. Don't take my word for it, check out the January issue of Plus Model Magazine now.
I'd love your feedback about this month's issue.


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800 University WaySpartanburg, SC 293031-864-503-5000
We're glad that you've taken the time to learn more about USC Upstate! One of the things that we simply can't duplicate on a web site or in a brochure is what it's like to actually be on the University of South Carolina Upstate campus. You have to see it firsthand. We believe that if you
visit our campus, you'll be delighted to experience all of the ways USC Upstate can be right for you. Come to a program like
Open House or
Fab Friday or schedule a tour and interview directly through the admissions office. If you would like more information on USC Upstate, please
download a copy of our view book.
In the meantime, check out the links to the left, determine which category best suits your situation and click for detailed information pertaining to you! Also, visit the links on the left for specifics on various facets of enrollment, including
financial aid and scholarships. We've tried to make the process simple and user-friendly, but do not hesitate to call the admissions office if you have any questions or concerns. Visit us soon!
Citizenship Verification InformationAttention Students: All USC students must present proof of citizenship or lawful presence in the U.S. before enrolling. For more information, please visit the
Citizen Verification page.
Stay in the loop about what's going on with USC Upstate Admissions!
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The University of South Carolina Upstate is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate and masters degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia, 30033 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of USC Upstate. Comments or Complaints?


text:
Rent A First Look at Communication Theory with Conversations with Communication Theorists 5th edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Em Griffin. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages.
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text:
A BRAVE woman who is a 'survivor' of rape will have her hair shaved off in the middle of High Wycombe to raise money for Rape Crisis.
Jennifer Drewett's long locks will be shaved off in Frogmoor on June 26 to raise money for the charity; with the hair itself being donated to the Little Princess Trust to be transformed into wigs for children who lose their hair during cancer treatment.
The High Wycombe resident told the BFP she fell pregnant after she was date raped about four years ago. She lost the baby after suffering a miscarriage.
The receptionist said chopping off her hair marked her rebirth and would also highlight the work of Rape Crisis and attitudes towards rape.
She said: "I thought something radical had to be done and cutting your hair off is major statement and, for me, it's a cleansing.
"I'm trying to get on with my life and I hope to show others that they can get on with their lives. It is brutal and tough, but you can come through it - it gets a little easier with time.
"People say 'a victim of rape', I prefer the word survivor because we have survived this and have persevered. It's quite helpful for me as I feel I can take control of my life and feel stronger."
The 24-year-old said it took her more than a year to build up the courage to tell her family and the police – who arrested a man but the Crown Prosecution Service could not prosecute due to a lack of evidence.
She said: "I was devastated, even though I expected [the man to get off], it was really awful – I felt like I was a liar, that I was wasting my time.
"I didn't get any advice of where to go, what support was available to me – other than from my amazing family.
"I was struggling to sleep, having nightmares, having difficulties to trust people, all sorts of things typical of people that go through these things.
"But it's difficult to tell people, especially when there's such a stigma, such as people saying a woman dressed in a short skirt 'deserves it' and all these conceptions of survivors saying they don't do this or that.
"I thought there was to be something done, people have to realise there's a problem which needs to be solved – rape is never OK."
Ms Drewett, who is originally from Filton near Bristol, has been writing a blog in the build up to the stunt and she has been "amazed" by the response it has received.
She has raised more than £500 and hopes to break the £1000 mark before the June 26 stunt.
She added: "There are some great organisations out there but Rape Crisis is incredible, it's a great group, the women are wonderful and the volunteers have been rigorously trained – if you need support, go to them. They focus on what you need and tailor the support accordingly."
To read Miss Drewett's blog click here or to sponsor her head shave click here.
Alternatively visit www.rapecrisis.org.uk for more information about the charity.


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[Page 247]
by Eliahu Berger
Translated by Jerrold Landau
In 1919, after the First World War, a typhus epidemic broke out in the cities of Galicia. It spread quickly and attained the proportions of a frightful epidemic.
The epidemic also affected Sanok. I recall the first incident that took place with my friend Reb Leibusch Dominik of blessed memory. He was a fine youth, graced with good traits, a great scholar and fearer of Heaven, modest, good hearted and wise. He lay ill for about ten days with a high fever. The writer of these lines visited him and even remained in his house for an entire night during his illness. The illness got the better of him and he died, to the great sorrow of his parents and all the residents of the city, for he was beloved by everyone. The illness spread quickly in our city, and took many victims.
The physicians Dr. Rammer, who was also the head of the community, and Dr. Shmuel Herzig, who was then the president of Yad Charutzim, summoned all the residents of the city to a meeting in the large Beis Midrash. They explained the reasons and causes of this illness. According to their words, this illness was the result of a lice bite, and it was spread by any form of human contact. My father Tzvi Arye of blessed memory also came down with this illness. He died on the 16th of Iyar 5680 (1920), at the age of only 52. No medicine was effective against this illness and the high fever which accompanied it. The epidemic increased from day to day and afflicted most of the residents of the city. There were approximately 10-15 funerals almost every day. At the same time, the illness broke out in Lensk near Sanok, which also had many victims.
The Jewish physicians utilized strict precautions. Among others, they forbade all gatherings of people in one place, such as communal gatherings and even public prayer in the synagogue and Beis Midrash, in order to prevent the spread of the disease.
We should note that Dr. Herzig was also among the main caregivers and organizers of the needed assistance for the ill (collecting beds and bedding, blankets, sheets, money for the purchase of equipment and medication, etc.). As the president of the Yad Charutzim organization, he placed the entire building at the disposal of the sick people, including the hall of its synagogue, which turned into a hospital.
Of course, Dr. Herzig and Dr. Rammer of blessed memory performed all of their work with faithful dedication and exemplary volunteerism. There was also no shortage of volunteer orderlies and nurses from amongst the population
{There is a long footnote in the text here, as follows:
In his memoirs of his childhood in the house of his father Reb Shmaryahu Bergenbaum, Menachem Bergenbaum tells about the dedication displayed by a youth by the name of Levi, who was staying in Sanok in service of Polae Tzion at that time, when it was beginning its function in Sanok. He tended to the ill who were resting in Yad Charutzim. He himself caught the illness and died. Bergenbaum points out that all strata of the Jewish population participated in his funeral procession. (The coffin was draped in red, and the Oath and the International were sung at the time of the closing of the grave as he willed before his death !) Father took my sister and I to the funeral, even though a short time before, when Grandfather and Grandmother passed away in one week during the height of the epidemic (they did not die of typhus), Father said that we were too young to go to the cemetery. (The editor).
[Page 248]
The danger of the disease hovered over every resident of the city, and the tragic results were seen before one's eyes literally every day and every hour. It is no wonder, therefore, that many of the Jews of Sanok, especially the younger ones, left the city to flee from the danger until the wrath subsided
Of course a mood of oppression, fear and even despair pervaded among the residents of the city. Nobody could be sure that the fate of the victims of the disease of yesterday and today will not visit them tomorrow or the following day. This mood was strengthened by the lack of information about the causes of the disease, as has been noted, and the lack of information about means that could be employed to prevent or cure the disease.
The epidemic in our city lasted for 20 days. It became clear in an official fashion that the plague stopped exactly on the 21st day, and disappeared in as sudden a fashion as it had arrived, without anyone knowing the reasons for its disappearance.
At the conclusion of my words, I will not hold back from adding a few words about various phenomena that took the town by complete surprise, the echoes of which have an aura of mystery about them and defy complete understanding.
Here are several inexplicable points about this terrible event:
The effect of those terrible days in Sanok remains etched in the memory of the members of our town, and served for many years as a source of thoughts and stories but a rare, awesome and powerful event.
Fragments of stories and memories remain from those terrible days about charms, mysterious cures and incantations that expressed themselves in various ways, and can be found in ancient sources. There is no doubt that some of them relate to superstition. However, there is also no doubt about the appropriateness of the population and its leaders grasping at straws for any source of salvation in the face of this danger of drowning in the ocean of the cruel plague at any day or any hour.
It is no surprise that even at the end of the 1930s, one could find torn, worn-out papers, yellowed from age, on the doors of many Jewish homes, upon which some of these charms were written composed of verses, names of angels, merged words from the mysterious world of the Kabbala remnants of the terror and fear of the awesome plague that laid its hand upon the Jewish population of the city.
[Page 249]
Happenings and Adventures
(Excerpts from Stars over the Garden, a novel with the
setting of the life of the Jewish youth of Sanok, by Rivke Gurfein.)
Translated by Jerrold Landau
The Jewish Street
They stood next to the entrance of the Jewish alleyway. Here, Rutka was separated from all those who accompanied her. The youth squeezed her hand in a refined fashion in parting, and she descended into that section that was, unlike the rest of the city, filed with wooden buildings, and crowded with houses, porches, and passageways arranged in a helterskelter fashion. This was the final moment of twilight; the next would already be the first moment of night. The few remnants of daylight, that along with the lights coming from the windows lightened up the grayness, imparted a sense of fantasy and legend to the alleyway. Yaakov, who remained in place and followed after Rutka as she was swallowed up by that area of randomness found himself suddenly with a sense of longing that surprised him: as if it would be possible to draw this, to preserve some spark of the atmosphere that stood there among the yards bereft of any greenery, except for a few lean trees that were standing by miracle, to concentrate as much light as possible on the image of Rutka and to drown out the rest in the stormy shadows.
Yaakov could not understand why Rutka hated her street, the Jewish Street so much. This street, imbued with a reality of poverty but with its own character, both public and private, ran through the center of the city, only several steps away from the large and small marketplaces, the church, and the monastery. Even the public garden was not far from here this was the garden of the Jewish youths who took it over completely for their state of youth, their longings, and their loves. However, the contact between the people of that street and the garden was minimal. During their rare strolls, these people preferred to walk through their alleyways, which led them through the shortcuts to the banks of the river. Here, on the Jewish Street life was conducted in an independent fashion, as a sort of protection against the mocking from the rest of the population of the city. From here, the majority of the beggars spread out to the rest of the city on all the days of the year, but especially on festival eves and Purim. Here, the popular musicians lived the poor people who made most of the weddings of the city joyous. Here, Zeinvel the crazy as portrayed in Jewish folklore[1], would come during his vacation time to collect popular stories, poems, customs, and incidental art before all of these would disappear with the deaths of the last elderly, knowledgeable women.
How strange is it that here, specifically here, the daytoday Rutka returns sober and serious from her lessons in the gymnasium, and her meetings in the valley of the garden, or in the side rooms of the hall of the Zionist organization. How strange…
Rutka did not turn her head even once. The tall lantern that had just been lit poured its yellow light upon the alleyway. Crooked railings, sections of staircases without beginning or end, a gabled rooftop covered with crowded tiles, a tin gutter that is shaking all of these were seen by Yaakov's eyes with the expression of a gloomy legend. Colorfully sewn, with a blend of reality and illusions all of these thanks to the lantern and the shadows.
In the Evening on the Peak in the Civic Garden
That night, as he sat on the peak with his eyes already accustomed to the dark, he was able to discern each of those sitting around, leaning with their backs on the iron railing, with the starstrewn sky above them Yaakov again thought about the Jewish Street. It was not only Rutka who succeeded in shaking off her environment
[Page 250]
and escaping to a different realm. Yosef the Tall, with his treasury of Yiddish poems, who also played the fiddle. Wessalek included him in all of his quartet… There was also Sharol, whose gloomy face was reminiscent of a face of old. He was also an expert in the Hebrew Language, particularly its grammar.
Opposite him sat Rachel, more closed up in the shadows than the rest of them. Rutka told him that Rachel was immersed in a crisis, and was closed up in her studies and reading. He himself noticed that she would rarely join the group, and her voice was not heard as much as previously, selfassured and argumentative in every conversation and every debate. Everything had finished some time ago between her and Mondek, whereas Shifra celebrates some unending holiday of gaiety and awakening when Mondek is next to her. This evening, they are also taking leave of him. He too is going out to complete himself. Indeed, with whom are we leaving the girls? They have no contact with the many other youths in the city not with them, and especially not with what occupies them. They are rooted in the atmosphere of the Hebrew school, the Zionist organizations, knowledge of the Land of Israel. However, in another few months, another year, they too would fly away from the local atmosphere to afar to study. Then, Rutka would be next to him once again…
Everyone sang. Yaakov listened to the songs that poured into the vast expanse of night Polish, Jewish and Hebrew songs, Hasidic melodies, and tunes without words. He recognized the confident voice of Rutka, which was quiet, and was missing the moistness of emotion or longing that accompanied most of the voices. Tunka started every song she or Yosek and the others were caught up in the melody. They amplified it, and they raised it high. He did not notice Rachel's voice. She did not merge in with the rest.
Rachel, make your voice be heard as well, Shifra pushed Rachel with her elbow, as she was immersed in thoughts.
You are correct, and after an additional wait, as if she was gathering strength, Rachel caught on to the tune and sang as well. The melancholy still enveloped her with longing, separating her from the others. They sat around, about 20 youths, her male and female friends; but she was alone with her soul with the oppression that dwelled within it, which she did not know how to release. She studied, chattered, smiled, and sang, but her heart was burdened with a strange weight.
During this season, the garden was already empty of people walking during the day, and certainly during the nights. Now too, on this clear, fine evening where the group met for this farewell, with their songs surrounding them and breaking through the secret of the night, a stream of song emanated from the peak, spread to the distance and descended upon the treetops, upon the tops of the bushes, upon the yellowed grass, and upon the berries that had dried on their stalks before they were cut. The Polish night encompassed everything: the melodies from Goldfaden's plays; the lullaby about the goat that went out to do business with raisins and almonds, and wandered to the ends of the earth; the song of the poor orphan girl suffering under the harsh hand of her stepmother; and about Rothschild dying from hunger among his treasuries after he locked the door behind him and was no longer able to leave; and again the sad story of Chanale the seamstress who went out to work without knowing about the strike of the workers of the city, and along the way she fell from the shots of the police. Each song had its climate; each song had its mood, memories and scenes that accompanied it, single and unique in kind.
When it came time for the Hebrew songs, Yaakov and Salek did not tire of endlessly weaving one song with the next. Rachel succeeded in overcoming her distress, and joined her voice with this choir, peering into the night with words that were completely strange to that night, and to the stars that were twinkling nearby, almost within reach. From time to time, the clock at the top of the tower that was hidden in the darkness of night chimed, blending its rhythmic chimes with the voices, thereby emphasizing the words, those same Hebrew words that were transferred from the young group to landscapes filled with sun, where they spread out among the tops of the palm trees, and float through the night with the howls of the jackals wandering among the vineyards. About what did these songs not tell? What did they not promise?
[Page 251]
The voices softened, dampened, and were filled with emotion. Rachel felt the melancholy slowly dissipate, with feelings of a burning longing taking their place in her soul to live, to live, to live…
Yaakov waited for the voice of Rutka who sat a bit further away from him: perhaps only an inkling of the dreaminess emanating from those songs, coming from a different world and leading to a different world, cleaved to her as well as him. However, her voice was as normal, ringing and without any secret. In his heart, he was sorry about this. How can he awaken her practicality her mocking, dry equanimity?
It got late. The light of the moon shone over the treetops, highlighting the meager foliage that remained there. Now, the faces of those sitting on the peak were clearly exposed: they were even more beautiful due to the dream poured upon them, refined by the silver light of the moon.
A Poet Comes to Town
The headquarters of the Jewish tradesmen in the city bore with pride the Hebrew inscription Yad Charutzim on the wall facing the street. Its front faced the closed wall surrounding the monastery, the life of which was almost completely hidden from the eyes of the town. This wall obstructed anything that happened in the group of buildings well hidden among the trees and business inside. Lone individuals from the residents of the monastery, covered with grey sheets and hoods, only rarely walked in the streets. Every Jewish child who ran into one of them along his way would instinctively move back toward the wall of the house, overtaken by strangeness and fear, seeking refuge. Most of the monks never entered the world beyond the wall. This was commanded to them by their ascetic vows. A covered portico connected the monastery with the church, and Rachel, who often stood at the window of the large hall on the second floor of Yad Charutzim, recognized the shadows that were making their ways slowly to the opposite passageway. At the time that the tower bells summoned the worshipers to vespers, a secret enveloped them, a heavy mystery how would people be prepared to forego all that is wonderful in life? All of this darkened the thoughts, made the heart beat faster, and made the blood pump faster.
However, the monastery opposite did not at all disturb the vibrant life that was concentrated on the second floor, just as the prayers that took place on the grounds on Sabbaths and holidays did not disturb them. This hall, upon whose walls stood a picture of Herzl with palm trees in the background as well as pictures of groups of workers in the city in festive clothing housed the majority of the Zionist activities, celebrations, and lectures that took place in the city. When Rachel went upstairs, she often cast a quick glance at the prayer hall in order to catch the diffraction of light from the crystal chandelier with long tassels in the middle. At times, mostly on festivals, the bells pealed from the monastery opposite and the nearby church, adding to the charm of the prayers and adding an air of festivity to the quiet crowd covered in tallises and made their silver adornments sparkle.
This time, the hall upstairs was filled with a mixed crowd: youths and adults, bareheaded lads and men wearing small, black kippas, which were a form of compromise to both the Orthodox and progressives. The white electric light shone a pale light on everyone, creating an ambience of nobility.
The people of the club surrounded the poet, who fulfilled his promised and arrived at the arranged time. The girls were attracted to his fine face and thick bangs, and whispered amongst themselves: he looks exactly as a poet should look. There was joy in their hearts. They, the people of a club, the ones who brought him in, looked at him with emotion, waiting for the utterances of his mouth, his smile, and his appearance. This hall how many memories are hidden in it… How often was the chanting of Kel Maleh Rachamim chanted by the noble Mr. Lerner in memory of Herzl
[Page 252]
every year on the 2nd of Tammuz, the day of his yahrzeit? It was always on a summer evening near the beginning of the vacation period. How often were dances conducted there at parties, with the income dedicated to the Keren HaKayemet [Jewish National Fund]? How often were speeches given on various topics? This evening, however, was different than all other evenings. On this evening, a famous, Yiddish poet was present. Mrs. Miller sat in the first row, dressed up, happy, with selfimportance: Her son Salek brought the poet to stay at her house. She gave him the nicest of her rooms, the parlor filled with pictures, carpets, and vases. The poet…
Rachel listened to the Yiddish speech of Yitzchak, who opened up with an invocation. She never imagined that this language could be so nice and rich, so soft in its ring and delicate in its expression. Yitzchak's face was serious, and his hands were wonderfully nice. As his mouth kissed her, a wave of warmth covered her throughout the cool night. She directed her glance to the window. The outside night swallowed up everything: the city, the garden, and the path with the pear tree and the monastery opposite. The night snapped up everything in the gray cloaks of he monks, and there was nothing else to take hold of. However, here, before her eyes, that young man who a few days earlier knew nothing about her had now filled her entire world in the merit of the kiss? Also in the merit of the kiss, he dared to do something that nobody else did. Here are his eyes, melancholy as if they know some dark secret. Here are his words full of wisdom and insight. He spoke about poetry that she did not recognize and had never before read. The poet sat and listened, as if the secrets of his poetry had not been revealed until now. It was quiet in the hall. Rachel cast her glance upon the rows of the audience. They were immersed in great attentiveness and spiritual energy that was imparted to them by Yitzchak with his speech.
His words finished. The poet remained in an emotional state, with his two light eyes blazing from his pale, very handsome face.
Dear, honored friends. I do not know precisely how to thank you for this evening, for this meeting, for the warm, enthusiastic atmosphere that enveloped me in your midst. My young friend spoke about my poems with the depth of a scholar, with the spirit of a fine soul, with deep, mature, penetrating energy. My friends, if among us sprout youths such as these that I have had the privilege of getting to know in your city, it is a sign that the life spirit of Israel awakens in its sons. With regard to me I am not among the orators. My language is different the language of my poems. Therefore, I will allow myself to read a bit of the things stored in my satchel.
Now from the stage streamed forth rationed words and poems, enveloping the audience with landscapes, pictures, situations, and feelings, conquering the hall and filling it to the brim, hitting the walls. The pale, tempestuous guest sent forth the words, expressed and issued with exactitude, as if he was an actor. Yitzchak sat on the stage in the center, listening to the poems, immersed fully in attention. Before that, when he had concluded the words of introduction, he cast a single glance toward Rachel as if asking her to express her opinion and then he gave himself over completely to the world of poetry.
Rachel too was spellbound in listening, as were her friends next to her. Shimek whispered to her, Wonderful! The applause lasted for a prolonged time at the end of the reading, and everyone pushed forward to shake hands with the poet and Yitzchak.
What success! What success! exclaimed Yaakov.
If I were in you place, I would abandon the medicine and only busy myself with presentations on poets, said Rutka to Yitzchak. Seriously, why do you need medicine?
In truth, it is very possible that I will abandon it! But not for presentations on poetry, answered Yitzchak with a jocular pleasantness as he looked at Rachel.
Rutka also looked at her with sudden suspicion, and was quiet. The entire club was crowded at the exit, and everyone surrounded the poet who left arm and arm with Salek, beaming like them.
[Page 253]
To the garden, to the peak!
The youths overtook the street with a tumult. The tall church was silent as they passed by it rejoicing, in broad rows, and singing as if there were no houses immersed in sleep all around. The night spirit enveloped the words of the songs and carried them over the river and over the forests. As they passed next to the silent building of the gymnasium, Shifra said:
Here, they will exact the price for us for this evening tomorrow and the next day.
How? asked Yitzchak.
How? On the birthday of some teacher, they will tell jokes about the Jews.
Or the logic teacher will again use Jews and fish as examples of curses, as he did last week.
Or the Poles and Ukrainians will form a common front against us, out of anger that we are good students.
Listen, did you decide to curse us for this evening?
The poignant sounds of the frogs in the marsh below, which was constantly covered in green and exuded an odor of mildew and dampness even in the midst of the summer, blended in with the medley. Suddenly, the night was filled with urgent croaking accompanying the marching that echoed until they reached the white gate of the garden.
Bright stars covered them atop the peak. There, the poet red more of his poems to them however this time they had a different ring. He read revolutionary, angry poems, that discuss toil, exploitation, and tribulations, work without joy, prisons and tortures, weeping mothers and disgraced fathers…
|Photo page 253: The poet Peretz Markish with the Cultural Club.
From right to left: Shoshana Schorr, Hertz Leser, Devora Herzberg, Shalom Sprung, Peretz Markish,
Shmuel Ripp, Goldblatt, Elimelech Zuckerman, Azriel Schwartz (Ochmani), Batya Leser.
Translator's Footnotes
[Page 263]
by Shimon Toder
Translated by Jerrold Landau
In the old cemetery of Sanok there was a lone grave that stood out for its height. One day a year, fire would ascend from it at night, and a white dove with outstretched wings would hover over it during the day. My mother of blessed memory told me the following story about that grave.
Many years ago, when Sanok only had a few Jewish families, there was one three-person family among them who had arrived recently and settled in a place outside the city. Nobody knew from where that family came, but it was passed on from one person to another that they had come from a far-away place from where they had been expelled by royal decree.
The family, consisting of a father, mother and daughter, lived alone. They did not become involved in the life of the city, or come into contact with the rest of the people of the city. They were not seen outside aside from the attendance of the father in the synagogue and the visits of the mother to the marketplace for shopping.
There were those who said that this man was one of the 36 righteous people in the world who were hidden, and whose livelihood was given to them miraculously by G-d.
Like her mother, the daughter also did not leave the threshold of the house and did not follow after the boys like the rest of the girls of the city. Rather she sat at home and helped her mother, or she would listen to her mother's reading of the holy books such as Tzena Urena and other books of morality. Aside from reading the holy books, the mother would tell her of stories of the giants of faith and holiness who gave their lives in sanctification of the Divine Name. These stories attracted the young heart of the girl. Aside from them, she had nothing else in the world. The father spent all his time studying Torah and serving G-d. He did not pay attention to his beautiful daughter who was growing up every day.
Once on one of the long nights, when the mother sat and plucked feathers and the daughter helped her, a sigh burst forth from her heart and reached the ears of her husband. At dinner, he asked his wife for the reason of the sigh and she answered, Our daughter is grown up. I have already prepared wedding clothes for her. The pillows and blankets will also soon be ready. However, the Holy One Blessed Be He has not yet sent her mate to her. We must do something for our daughter so she does not remain a spinster.
The next morning after Shacharit (the morning service), the man approached the Shamash (beadle) and told him about her daughter who had come of age. He asked him to find a proper match for her. The Shamash, who did not know anything about the lineage of the family, did not hasten to do this, but he did chat with the man from time to time after the services. He told him about youths who had come of age. The man always answered that he would ask his wife, and do as she said. The parents who were close with the daughter would ask her, and she refused to hear of marriage.
The mother took ill from all her grief and she died after a few months. The father and daughter were left more isolated than they were. The daughter continued along the path of her mothers. She ran the household and tended to her father's needs. When she finished her housework, she would take out one of the holy books that her mother had left behind, delve into it and find her comfort. She found something in some of the books about the sanctification of the Divine Name[1] . She read these sections over and over again until she had memorized them. She aspired to reach the level of Rabbi Akiva who said to his students before his death: All my days I was agonizing when I would be able to fulfill the interpretation of the verse 'with your entire soul' even if your life is being taken.
The matchmakers stopped speaking about the girl after their many suggestions had been pushed aside for no reason.
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The father and the daughter continued their lives without change and without interruption he with his books and she with hers.
It was a harsh, cold winter night. The cold outside was very strong, and a great deal of snow covered the ground. A winter sled approached the house, and the landowner (poretz) descended from it. He was strong, young, and completely frozen. The father brought him in and gave him a glass of strong liquor. After he warmed up and regained his strength, the daughter set the table for dinner. At the end of dinner, the prince went to a room where a bed had been made from him, in the appropriate fashion for an honorable guest. However, the prince did not sleep all night. Since the time that he had seen the daughter at dinner, he became infatuated with the appearance of the young, pretty girl, and he began to think evil thoughts about the girl and her father, and to hatch plans to kidnap the pure soul.
At dawn, when the head of the household arose to go to the synagogue, the prince also arose, entered the girl's room, woke her up, and began to entice and seduce her.
The girl recalled her mother who had appeared to her that night in a dream, and trembled. However, she also understood that since she was alone in the house, it would not be appropriate to express her refusal, so she asked the prince for two days to think about it. The prince was happy with her answer, for he saw this as partial agreement, and he agreed to remain there for two more days. The snow had not stopped falling all this time, and this was sufficient reason for him to remain in the place without arousing suspicion.
Two days later, the girl said that she agreed to marry him, but with the condition that no harm would befall her. As a nobleman from birth, the prince told her of the wealth that was awaiting her, and he promised to be faithful to her without bounds. The girl promised that immediately after the anniversary of her mother's death, she would come to him to be his wife.
After the prince left the place, the girl remembered the story of Rabbi Amnon the Gaon, the author of the hymn Unetane Tokef[2] , who accepted upon himself torture as a punishment for pushing off the answer to the call to convert to Christianity, and not expressing his refusal immediately. Like him, she also hoped to accept torture and give up her soul in Sanctification of the Divine Name.
The anniversary of her mother's death arrived. She woke up in the morning, set the table for her father, and then went to her room. She took out the holy books with which she lived all her life. Her tears fell upon the volumes to the point where all the letters and words were erased, as if she absorbed them into her soul. After she took leave of her books she approached the closet, took out her wedding clothes, and put them on with a winter coat over them. Rejoicing to meet her happiness, she marched quickly to the cemetery.
The cemetery was completely covered with snow. A holy silence pervaded it. The girl approached the grave of her mother, took off the winter coat, and recited the following prayer while dressed in her white clothes.
Dear mother, all your days you yearned to take me to the chupa (wedding canopy), and I have now come to invite you to the day that you were awaiting. My joy is great that I have merited to reach this point Master of the Universe, how did I desire to come to you in purity just as I left my mother's womb, and if I did not merit this through the holy books, I have now approached you through the steps that you created, through the evil inclination and seduction to impurity. Only you know, G-d, how sublime You are, and how wonderful are Your deeds. There are many paths to you, G-d, and even from impurity the value of purity is known. The soul is Yours and the body is Yours. Take my soul, it is pure. Hear oh Israel
At that moment, her soul left her in purity, and a great deal of snow began to fall and cover all the monuments in the cemetery.
When spring came and the snow melted, a grave with a mound atop was found, and the earth reached the upper edge of the monument.
From that day, on every yahrzeit of the mother and daughter, a pillar of fire ascended from this grave at night, and a white dove hovered over it during the day.
Translator's Footnotes
[Page 265]
by G. Givoni
Translated by Jerrold Landau
Signs of Curiosity and Tension
Not too long ago, the new literary creation of the Polish-Jewish author, a Sanok native who lives permanently in Warsaw, reached us. It is called The Lovers in Sodom[1] -- a novel that describes Jewish life in a town of which all of the signs, descriptions of events, and natural and human landscapes identify it with our town Sanok.
After you begin to read the story, you cannot put it down, whether because of the polished literary language, the beautiful construction, or the tense accusation -- or perhaps there is an issue of local patriotism that leads to curiosity and the interest to read words of confidence about the town in which you were born and raised, and in which your ancestors had lived for hundreds of years.
Sins of Love and Transgressions of Marriage
In Segal's book, a complete gallery of characters and personalities from the various classes and groups of the city and its Jews pass before the eyes of the reader: traditional, rabbinical Jews, petite bourgeois Jews of the proper households, assimilated Jews and members of the professional intelligentsia, who distance themselves from their language and culture, and are embarrassed of a year round Jew -- this may be a lawyer, doctor, or solicitor in the government court. On the other hand, members of the young generation appear, whose way of life is in opposition to that of their parents.
The novel begins with a sad, even tragic, event. Yocheved the daughter of Shaya the undertaker marries Wlodyja the son of the Pravoslavic Priest, and converts to his religion. Her father expresses his objection to this by committing suicide by hanging himself. How does the religious Jewish community or the local rabbinate express their objection? The rabbi, Rabbi Eliezer Mandelbaum, who is very exacting in halacha, objects with the full stringency of the law. According to him, Yocheved, whose name has now turned into a curse, and who is no longer an Israelite, is considered as having died, and one must rend one's garments over her as with a deceased person. On the other hand, Rabbi Meir Dym, the great scholar who is good and behaves well toward the simple people, gets involved and stops Rabbi Eliezer from taking such a drastic step. He claims that Yocheved may yet return in repentance and, in a place where penitents stand, completely righteous people do not stand. His principle is that, A Jew, even if he sins, is still a Jew. Rabbi Meir is the rabbi of the city, and his decision is the law. Here we can see in the book a hint of the anguish of the people when Rabbi Meir died, and it was not easy to find a fitting replacement, who would be great in Torah and possess similar traits to Rabbi Meir Dym, of blessed memory.
Wlodyja, who brought Yocheved-Marja to his home and entered her into the covenant of Christianity, has a poetic personality and is graced with talents. However, he had an affection toward the cup, and when he was drunk he would pour out his wrath upon Yocheved and beat her cruelly. The daughter of the Jewish undertaker could not bear her suffering, and she was seduced by the insane Hirsh-Leib Dobke. She returned to her house next to the cemetery. She became pregnant from Hirsch-Leib and did not concern herself with the attitudes of the hostile community. She continued to love Wlodyja, and he continued to maintain his love for her, for Wlodyja Polianski was not one of those who killed over jealousy. He may have been a drunkard, but he had a refined personality and inspiration. When he drank the bitter drop, he looked at his surroundings with the eyes of an angel. Marja-Yocheved seemed like a sprouting flower, and he himself was a burning bush that was not consumed. He was a devilish genius. Baudelaire, Reiner-Marja Rilke -- were his spiritual fathers. Even though he was afflicted with active tuberculosis and had to go to a sanitarium in Zakopane at least once a year, he did not see himself as walking on the side road.
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He was alert to the chauvinistic, anti-Semitic movement, and during the times when the Jews of the town were calmly partaking of their Sabbath meal, he ran through the Jewish street and warned them that they were sitting on a bed of explosives that was liable to explode at any moment, bringing a disaster in its wake. The Jews would be the first victims of the evil that is approaching. However, the Jews paid no heed to his warnings.
Blima Mandelbaum, the daughter of Rabbi Eliezer, also fell in love with a gentile, Dyonyzy Papowycz, the son of the forester. He was also an enthusiastic Communist who was involved in clandestine activity amongst the farmers of the regional villages, and worked diligently for the revolutionary movement. The soul of Blima went out toward Dyonyzy, but she was imprisoned in the world of faith and tradition. Since her brother Mendel had gone out into a bad crowd and was affected by the Communist microbe, something that crushed her father to the ground, she was not so brazen as to act on her desires. Her father married her off to Shimshonle, the watchmaker from Kolbaszowa, and she did not resist. Calm pervaded in the life of the young family for some time. However, despite the fact that Shimshonle loved her with all his soul, she could not get the image of Dyonyzy out of her heart. She continued to act in the traditional manner, without fault. On a Sabbath eve, after she had recited the blessing over the candles and her husband had gone to the synagogue to welcome the Sabbath, Dyonyze appeared in her house, and Blimale responded to him even though sadness had filled her heart after the deed. The match was not long-lived in the oppressive atmosphere. The separation between her and Shimshonle took place after six months, and it was he who untied the knot. He got up and left without an agitated spirit, leaving gifts for his beloved wife. Blimale returned to her father's home and lived in disgrace...
The face of the third couple was also no better than that of the others. Mendel Mandelbaum, the enthusiastic Communist, succeeded in arousing the love of Chana Hazengag, who was the daughter of well-off people and who knew how to play the piano. In this case, the father did not impose his will. Indeed, he would have been happy if both of them would make aliya to the Land of Israel, thereby avoiding the forbidden party activities that were dangerous to the groom. However, when this was not acceptable to them, he did not stop them. It is interesting that Reb Eliezer, who did not know about the relationship of his son with Hazengag's daughter, was prepared to compromise and agree to the aliya of his son to the land of Israel, so that he would not occupy himself with the devil that was standing behind them. He too did not force his way, even though his heart ached because his son had fallen into bad company.
Mendel, one of the revolutionaries of the generation, was not silent before Shmulik Wien, the Communist provocateur, who enticed Balszczok, the shoemaker's apprentice, to put up signs in the synagogues and the impure places[2]. They were then captured by the party activists that were hiding in wait for them there... Mendel executed the party verdict and shot Shmulik Wien in the civic park on a Sabbath eve. In order to avoid the death sentence in court, he crossed the border and fled to the Soviet Union. Chana, his beloved, left her house and joined a troupe of wandering popular actors.
Members of the Proper Middle Class
Three or, if you will, four households were troubled due to traditional laws. The conflict between the generations was very strong. Both sides stood stubbornly for the fundamentals of their faith -- and these are the results.
With the full fury of his heart, Segal passes judgment upon the assimilationists who reject their nation and are embarrassed about their language. He pours pitchers of scorn upon them. Mr. Hazengag is presented in this book as one of the members of this class. He owned a textile shop that conducted fruitful business. As has been said, he represents the proper middle class. He is not observant in his religion. Since he is wealthy and was fluent in the Polish Language, he often fulfilled the task of intercessor with the Starosta (regional ruler) when the Endeks incited the masses to foment disturbances upon the Jews. However, at the end, his own fate is not fine. The value of the cotton stock that he held dropped drastically, and he reached the point of bankruptcy. With difficulty, he reached an accommodation with his creditors and restored his clientele. He freed himself from the trade that had its roots in the past. Since he was a widower, he lived in extreme isolation after his two children left the house. (In general, this isolation threatened most of the wealthy people in this work.) He was attracted to a village woman, brought her to his house and married her.
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The decadence in the city continued to spread. In his story, Segal presents negative characters and events to highlight the situation, even though their place in the story is not that prominent. Along with this, he hides the positive characters in the town from us -- the characters of true righteous people. One of them, and perhaps the greatest of them, is Sara Mandelbaum, the righteous woman of the town. The writer describes only a few of her righteous acts, as well as the respectful relationships of the residents of the city toward her.
The book also gives some details about Abt, the Hebrew teacher, who earns honorable mention from the author for succeeding in instilling the love of the Hebrew language in the hearts of the young children as well as the adults.
The book accompanies the sons who make aliya to the Land of Israel with warm feelings and a sense of respect. He talks in no small way about how the parents came and shed tears of agony over the parting. Among those made aliya was the eldest son of Mr. Abt, who had red cheeks, sparkling eyes, and a smile that attracted the love of the girls.
The City Bustling on the Market Days and Quiet on the Sabbath
A picture is painted of the market day in the town with clear language and a bright style, with the chain of wagons moving from all directions toward the market place near the church (the Small Square), and the Rynek (the Large Square). An abundance of vegetables, fruit, dairy products, and fowl is brought to market. There is the hum of wagons, the din of horses, the noise of the farmers whipping with their whips, and the tumult of the gentile women selling their produce from atop the wagons. The movement of people is loud. Farmers go amongst the shops and the stalls, checking out which merchandise they can purchase. They do not forget about the existence of the tavern owned by the wife of Eli, and they make efforts to visit it.
The picture of a Sabbath afternoon completes the description of the realities of the town. In the morning, most of the Jews are found in the synagogue. However, in the afternoon, they are involved in various enjoyable pursuits. Jews of the ilk of Reb Eliezer Mandelbaum sit in the Beis Midrash and examine the children on the weekly Torah portion. The older children are asked about Talmudic discussions. The intellectual youths go out to discuss in the fields on the other side of the river, and the youths who are the children of the tailors and cobblers, as well as the youths who work in commerce (Sowiekitim) gather clandestinely in the forest and deal with significant issues of the world. The women sleep the sleep of the righteous. Later, the older ones sit on low benches or sofas, reminiscing positively about the days of His Majesty Kaiser Franz Josef I. The women who are in possession of their faculties engage in gossip. They literally grind up and pulverize anyone who falls between their grindstones. They know everything that takes place in every nook, and there is no soul in the town who does not enter their agenda. Yutshe Treger goes out on the street in his horse to take it to graze next to the San, and Kabaszniaszewski the gentile cobbler hastens toward his Jewish villager girlfriend.
The scribe who spends all the days of his life writing Torah scrolls goes out to see if the first three stars have appeared in the sky, for after the stars come out, he will resume standing next to his podium with the parchment stretched out, his inkwell next to him, and the duck quill between his fingers. His gaze happens upon a group of noisy youths wearing fine cloths, and he remembers, with a deep sigh, days gone by, when the town was a solid fortress of strong faith. As the first star appears in the skies of the town, the scribe contemplates the value of the world and thinks about the realities of life -- a broken life that flitters away with the world dishing out the fates of man: birth, life, and death.
This is the way that the town spends its Sabbaths, between mitzvos and transgressions. We are now approaching the end of the novel.
The story is indeed brief, and this is actually the author's first attempt at a novel. Did the attempt succeed? I do not know what impression a reader who is not a native of the city that accompanies and brings life to the soul of the novel will have. The sections of intrigue are woven well one with the other, and the images of reality are thrilling. The general feeling is that the writer embraces the town, with all of its failings and good points, and sees the rebellious younger generation as fulfilling a traditional mission by clinging to lofty ideals with deep moral value. That town is lost and no longer exists.
[Page 268]
by Eliahu Berger
Translated by Jerrold Landau
My childhood passed by almost without special unique impressions. I have an impression that I was not different from the rest of the children that lived as tenants in my parents' house. I know only that I was born in that house that stood on Berka Josolowicza Road #51 in the city of Sanok. When I was born on August 4, 1895, the house was still in the possession of Grandfather and Grandmother, Reb Mendel and Tzirel Berger of blessed memory who lived there until they made aliya to the Land of Israel in 1902. This event is cloudy in my eyes. We traveled in a special wagon to the train station in Sanok in order to accompany them, and many people came to take leave of them: relatives, neighbors and acquaintances, with traditional blessings, and looked upon them with jealousy in that they left the exile and merited to make aliya to the Land of Israel during their lifetimes, and will not have to roll through the tunnels to the Holy Land after their deaths. I was the only son of my parents, my father Tzvi Aryeh and my mother Chana Leah the daughter of Moshe Cohen of blessed memory. My older sister Shoshana of blessed memory was born before me, and my younger sister Tova Feiga of blessed memory after me (she perished in the Holocaust).
When my grandfather and grandmother made aliya to the Land of Israel, my revered father of blessed memory purchased half of the house from them. The second half was given by them as a gift to their second son, my uncle Berish (they only had two sons). Since the joint ownership was not particularly successful, my father also purchased the second half from my uncle for a full payment, and my uncle purchased with this money a whole house in Sanok in the Posada Quarter. Our house had nine tenants. The house was built of wood, and every apartment included a room for the entire family, as was the situation in those days on the Jewish Street. Each tenant divided up this room with partitions, so that there will be a room and a kitchen. These apartments served as a bedroom, dining room, and kitchen. Children were born who grew up and were educated there until they became adults and left the family. At times, 10 people would live crowded into a room that was 15 square meters, or even less. For some of these tenants, these rooms also served as a workshop, such as for shoemaking, tailoring, or classrooms for teachers. Behind the house was a slope on which there were two wooden outhouses that served all the residents of the house. There was an area of about 100 square meters on the slope that served as a field for children's games, both for children who lived in the house, or for others who came there from other houses. No plant or grass even grew on this field. It was not plowed or sown, and nothing was ever planted there, aside from one cherry tree that stood in the corner next to the fence that bordered on the neighbor's property. It grew cherries, most of which were picked before they were ripe by the children of the area or the children of the house. I too was one of them. Once I jumped upon the branches of the tree to pick cherries and injured my leg so badly that I required the assistance of a doctor. From that time to this day, I have a scar on my right leg, below the knee.
Grandfather was a scholar, a relatively wealthy man, and honored. He worshipped in the Tzanz Kloiz. I do not know with what he was occupied or how he earned his livelihood in his younger days. During his older years, before he traveled to the Land of Israel, he earned his livelihood from the rent that he received from his tenants. He also had savings in the bank. After my father purchased half of the house, Grandfather traveled with Grandmother to the Land of Israel, as I already mentioned. He lived for four or five years in the Land. After he died, Grandmother returned to the Diaspora, and died about two years later.
During my childhood, Father had a small factory for wooden pocket mirrors,
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5 cm by 8 cm by 1 cm in size. The mirror was made in the form of a small box, which could be opened and closed. The mirror was inside. Thus, it would not break even if it fell to the ground. An entire village near Sanok (Czertez) was occupied in making the pieces of wood according to the appropriate dimensions. Father also employed several Jews to fasten the mirrors inside, and place the nice iron wires outside that were wound around hinges, for opening and closing. Every soldier who went to the army obtained a pocket mirror of this sort for himself. After some time, other Jews started to compete with Father's work, and even invented a new form of pocket mirror that spread out throughout the world as well as in the region of Sanok. They are on the market to this day and, of course, displaced the former product from the marketplace.
My father purchased a house on Kosciuszko 38. The street was populated by members of the gentile intelligentsia, mainly officials who left their houses next to the bustling main street and moved to quiet side streets. Father renovated the dwelling. In one place where a window was open to the street, he replaced the window with a door, and set up the room as a grocery store for the residents of the area. Father had many customers and earned exceptional trust. Business was not bad, and sustained its owners honorably. At the entrance to the house there was also a small garden of bushes and flowers that was cared for by one of our tenants. I recall that once, I took a handful of barley from the store and planted it in the ground without knowing that the Christian tenant had planted flowers there. After some time, barley grew instead of flowers. Finally, they found out that this was my work. I received a harsh reprimand from my father of blessed memory as a reward for my work. Across from us lived a doctor who had a garden with fruit trees. It had tended bushes with fruit and berries. I went in secretly and picked fruit without paying. Apparently, they saw this through the window. They chased after me, and I fled. Along the way, my yarmulke fell of my head. The gardener picked up my yarmulke, brought it to my father, and said, Do you recognize, is this your son's yarmulke or not? Of course my father told me about this at home and reprimanded me greatly. That time as well, he contented himself with a reprimand, for he never raised his hand against me.
When I was seven years old, my parents registered me in the gentile public school that was not too far from our home at that time. The school principal, who was one of Father's customers, spoke at the request of my father to the grade 1 teacher of the school, who agreed to let me attend school and sit in class with a yarmulke on my head. I only attended the school for a few days. The shkotzim, that is, the gentile students of the school, did not agree that I be an exception and that I sit with them without a bare head. They forcibly removed the yarmulke from my head. I stopped attending school. A fine was imposed on my father for it was illegal to enroll a child in school when the child does not attend. Therefore, I decided to attend once again, and I again stopped. This went on for several rounds at the advice of the principal, who was concerned that I not be listed in the truancy list, even after my definitive end of my school attendance.
Of course my studies in the cheder, in which I was enrolled at age five, was without interruption. Among the tenants in our house was a teacher of children who was called the red teacher, on account of his read beard. I received my first education from him. His wife Dina taught the girls, who were slightly older than the boys. The subject was the letters of the aleph beit and the vowel marks until we began to learn Hebrew, that is, reading from a siddur.
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This teacher had an assistant. The students went one by one, in turn, to study for a few minutes with the teacher. From him they passed to the assistant, and also only spent a few moments with him. Approximately 20 children studied in this cheder, and therefore each child had two or three turns of study with the teacher and his assistant before lunch and after lunch. Thus did student's day in the cheder end. The day also included games on the floor of the cheder or the yard. The classroom was no larger than 20 square meters, and served as the dining room, bedroom, and kitchen of the family as the teacher, and also as the cheder -- i.e. the classroom. His two daughters and son were also born in that room...
Around that time when I had my first experience in attending a government school, I graduated to study with a teacher of a higher level. With him we learned Chumash with sections of Rashi, the Early Prophets and also a bit of Gemara. This teacher was Reb Menashe Eder, who was known by his nickname Menashele the Apikoros[4] for he knew grammar, Bible and Hebrew and looked into books that were not acceptable in the Orthodox Jewish community at that time. It was said that he also had a Chumash with the commentary of Moses Mendelssohn in his home. I cannot determine the veracity of that situation, but it was true that he was very dedicated to teaching his students. However, there was no great benefit to learning with him, for his language was not clear, and we could not understand what he was saying. There were some things that were unique about him, as compared to other teachers. For example, I recall that when we came to the Torah portions of Teruma and Tetzaveh, he would draw the vessels of the tabernacle and also the tabernacle itself, pointing out both the large and small details, such as the length and width of the tabernacle, its poles, sockets, coverings, dividing screens, and the ark covering. He tried to explain it to us with great precision. He was also very strict that the prayers we recited in cheder be pronounced properly by us, and that we not mix up the vowelization and the meaning. He also made sure that the students would advance in their studies. Each Sabbath, he sent the advanced students to scholarly laymen for an examination.
After I studied for two years with Reb Menashe, my father transferred me to Reb Lemele the teacher. He was superior to his predecessor in clear and understandable explanations, and also in the teaching of additional subjects such as the cantillation notes. He reviewed the weekly portion with us with its cantillation. He also had a fine Hebrew calligraphic writing. His teaching methodology was -- writing with his beautiful handwriting one line, at first on the top of a piece of paper, that included a verse from the prayers or the Torah. Then the students recopied the line, word for word, repeating it with a word under each word. Thus did we fill the entire page with lines of our handwriting. We also tried to write these letters in the same handwriting style of Reb Lemele. He taught us the Latin alphabet in this manner, for almost 90% of the students of this cheder did not attend the secular school.
This was the methodology of education and wisdom in order to hold a pen in the hand, as was said in Orthodox circles. The meaning was, in accordance with the style of the times, that a Jew must be able to write an address on an envelope that would even be able to reach Vienna.
At the age of 10, I transferred to a teacher who already taught Gemara with Tosafot. This was Reb Eli the Teacher, with whom I studied until the time of my Bar Mitzvah. He lived near the Maja 3 Street, on the slope of the mountain that leads to the Posada Quarter, near the old cemetery. It was a long way on foot to his house from our home. I made this journey two or three times a day. During the winter, our studies ended at 8:00 p.m. Often, my mother came out to meet me on my way back, so that I would not walk alone and perhaps fall into the hands of the railway workers, who were for the most part anti-Semitic, as well as regular shkotzim who were returning home from night school in the center of the city.
Translator's Footnotes
[Page 271]
by Shimon Toder
Translated by Jerrold Landau
A baby's bathwater was poured out into the road upon which people walk, as an omen that the child will quickly begin to walk without setbacks.
When a baby is placed into the cradle for the first time, the children of the neighbors would be invited. They would throw sweets and cookies into the cradle, which the children would then snatch. This is an omen for a good, sweet life.
The baby's diapers would be made out of the clothes of adults, so that the child would merit a long life.
Upon entering a new dwelling, one would first bring in bread, salt and a candle as an omen for a good livelihood and light in the house.
Shoes should not be polished before setting out on a journey as an omen for success.
When falling stars that go out are seen at night, one should say: Not my star, not my children's or grandchildren's, not my relatives'.
One would tie a red band around the hand to ward of the evil eye.
When there is powerful thunder and lightning, a cup of water would be placed on the windowsill as a charm against the danger of being struck by lightning.
A female neighbor would not be brought into the house when duck fat is being fried, as a portent against the evil eye. To this, they added: Once a woman entered and saw the fat frying and said: How nice is the fat. Then they fried the fat all night and nothing came of it at the end.
A hen that crows as a rooster must not be kept for even one moment, and must immediately be brought to the shochet for slaughter.
It is dangerous to bathe in a river as long as nobody has yet drowned in it that year and the water has not yet received its annual sacrifice (in Yiddish: zein yahr korben).
When a person becomes ill on the yahrzeit day of one of his parents, one must be concerned for his life.
One must not borrow fire at the conclusion of the Sabbath, for thereby fortune departs from the house.
Whoever sleeps in the presence of the moon will be afflicted with lunacy[3].
It is forbidden for a male child to eat the brain or heart of an animal for thereby his brain would become dulled and he would be liable to become forgetful. (A girl is not included in this prohibition).
Whoever wears a cloak inside-out or a braid toward the left side will become forgetful.
Whoever passes through a window will no longer grow.
Whoever walks under a table will no longer grow.
Whoever plays with a cat will forget his studies.
A groom must not go over a bridge.
It is a bad omen when a vessel breaks in the house as a person is preparing to go forth on a journey.
[Page 272]
If there is a storm wind, it is a sign that a crazy person hanged himself in the forest.
One should not give a pocketknife as a gift, as it is dangerous.
If one sews a button on an article of clothing while a person is wearing it, the wearer must chew the thread. Otherwise, his intellect may be cut.
If one sneezes while one is talking about a dead person, he should grasp his left ear and turn it upward.
One must not extinguish a candle at night by blowing it through the mouth, since it is forbidden to utter the word Pu at night, because it is the name of an angel (it is possible that it means that it is the name of a demon, but I heard that it was the name of an angel, as I have written).
One must not utter the word sheid (demon) or ruach (spirit) at night. If one does so, one is liable to come to danger.
One must not pour out dirty water at night due to the danger of demons.
Keeping the afikoman in the house is a protection against mice in the house.
A book or the mohel's (circumcisor's) knife would be placed under the pillow of the mother on the night before the circumcision of her son as a protection against evil spirits. (I recall that once they used the Noam Elimelech of Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk for this purpose.)
If a pregnant woman becomes frightened and touches at that time a part of her body, the baby will be born with a black mark with the oblong shape of a mouse.
When a baby was placed in the bath for the first time, the relatives would throw silver coins into the water as an omen for riches. These coins would belong to the mother, and would be called bath money.
Omens and Incantations
If a burning coal suddenly leaps forth from the oven, it is a portent for guests.
If one feels a tickle in the left hand, it is a portent of an impending great merit.
When the left earlobe tickles, it is an omen that one is being spoken of in some place, either for good or for bad. If one hears about this, he should say: If they are talking good, they should be good, and if they are talking bad, they should be even worse. If they are talking about one of us, let it fall upon all the empty forests.
When a pregnant woman asks to borrow something, and they do not agree, mice come to take revenge.
Incantations against bad dogs:
When a baby is placed into the bath, one would say the incantation: In small and out big.
When a tooth falls it, it is thrown into the oven, and one says three times: Meizele Meizele (perhaps the intention is mazele mazele?)[4] take for yourself a bony tooth and give me an iron tooth.
Most of what I recorded here I heard from my grandmother Alte the Soferte (the writer), and some are from other sources.
Translator's Footnotes
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Sanok, Poland Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2017 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 23 Sep 2014 by JH


text:
Loyola University Maryland offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs serving more than 6,000 undergraduate and graduate students. In addition, Loyola has a strong connection with more than 56,000 alumni.
Loyola students become participating members in the campus community; contribute to the intellectual growth of this community while achieving their own intellectual growth and development; develop a social awareness by participating in the co-curricular activities of the University; develop their understanding and appreciation of spiritual values; and benefit from participation in Loyola's recreational and athletic programs.
Affiliation: Private; Catholic affiliated; students from all religious backgrounds are welcome
Loyola offers more than 35 undergraduate and nine graduate programs through its three different schools: Loyola College (Arts and Sciences), School of Education, and the Sellinger School of Business.
Loyola offers the following undergraduate degrees:
Loyola offers the following graduate programs:
Every year, The Career Center conducts a follow-up study 6 - 9 months after graduation to give a more accurate picture of the graduates' activities. Over the last five years, 90-95 percent of students were employed or attending graduate/professional school within nine months of graduation.
Loyola is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, and approved by the Maryland State Department of Education.
Accreditations for academic departments include:


text:
His book, Danger's Hour, a historical look at kamikaze fighters during World War II, came out last fall.
As last year, these numbers are conservative; some historical speeches may have been missed by our research.
New York City sits just below the 40 percent mark at 39.5 percent, but its historical average is 23.6 percent.
Yes, Washington should be aiming to leave the federal government's share of GDP near the historical norm of 18-20 percent.
His historical research—about motion-picture projectors and medical procedures and military tactics—only fattened the bird.
Myths are of three kinds: historical, Philosophical, and Poetical.
But the Gypsy girl and I were not to be disheartened by historical comparisons.
historical development of Middle-age Cosmic Philosophy, 28-51.
At a late period examples are found of the historical Morality.
Almost all of Isadore's reading had been historical or scientific.


text:
'Ryan Miller made a couple of great saves on Slava Kozlov and Jon Sim in the closing seconds of the extra frame to send the game to the shootout. In the shootout Miller stopped Kozlov again as well as Marian Hossa. Buffalo got goals from Briere and Ales Kotalik to seal the win.'
Sabres Take Down Thrashers In Shootout 4-3
February 7, 2007 Submitted by
Via: WGR-AM


text:
A very handy online booklet that gives you a variety...
Must Read Movellas [CLOSED]
- by Jade.P
- Rating:
- Published: 28 Jul 2014
- Updated: 15 Jan 2015
- Status: In Progress
Stuck on good movellas to read? Well stop right there and read this! It has a huge variety of movellas to use from fan fictions to crime. Anything you want to read, we should have! [CLOSED DUE TO THIS HORRID THING CALLED SCHOOL AND HOMEWORK] The fantastic cover was made by Mirlotta!
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text:
At Cotter Plastic Surgery, we are dedicated to providing the highest degree of excellence in diagnostic and surgical skills as well as result-oriented skin care services in a caring, comfortable and compassionate environment.
We take pride in delivering our personalized services with unparalleled expertise. We treat each patient with kindness, respect and dignity and are committed to making our patient's relationship with us a priority.
Monday - Thursday 9:00am - 5:00pm
Friday 9:00am - 3:00pm
Deciding to have any type of cosmetic surgery is a big decision. At Cotter Plastic Surgery, we strive to provide the best and safest cosmetic surgery for our patients. Our goal is to empower you to look and feel your best by offering results oriented surgical procedures by a board certified plastic surgeon
BREAST ENHANCEMENT - Dr. Cotter offers a variety of surgical breast procedures that will will allow you the opportunity to improve or enhance your breast appearance.
- Breast Augmentation
- Augmentation Revision
- Breast Reduction
- Breast Lift
- Male Breast Reduction
- Reconstruction
FACIAL REJUVENATION - We strive to achieve natural looking results to empower you to look and feel your best.
- Face Lift
- Brow Lift
- Neck Lift
- Blepharoplasty (Eyelid Surgery)
- Rhinoplasty (Nose Surgery)
- Otoplasty (Ear Surgery
BODY CONTOURING -Slimming and reshaping specific areas of the body as well as improving body contour and proportion will ultimately enhance your self-image.
- Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)
- Liposuction
SKIN CARE TREATMENTS & PRODUCTS - Whether it is a complement to cosmetic surgery, or an individual approach to skin care, our facial rejuvenation treatments and thoughtfully selected skin care products can create a softer, more radiant appearance.
- Botox Cosmetic
- Juvederm XC
- Juvederm Voluma
- Chemical Peels
- Laser Vein Reduction
- Laser Hair Reduction
Skin Medica
Revision Skincare
Our cosmetic consultation provides us the opportunity to learn about you and your desired results. We believe it is important to spend time getting to know you personally so that we can best meet your needs.
During your appointment, you will meet with Dr. Cotter and members of his team where you will have the opportunity to share your goals and aspirations. Dr. Cotter will then discuss appropriate personalized options for your desired results. Once there is a clear understanding of the best next step for you, we will discuss treatment fees or draft a quote based on any necessary fees for your surgical plan.
We encourage you to visit the American Society of Plastic Surgeons' web site at http://plasticsurgery.org. Here you will find resources to answer many questions or perhaps help in prompting new questions for Dr. Cotter. We want you to feel confident in your understanding of any procedure you decide on.
Dr. Cotter is available for cosmetic consultations, procedures and treatments on Wednesdays and Fridays.
We operate primarily at one of two facilities on the campus of Shelby Baptist Medical Center in the comfort of Alabaster, Alabama just south of Birmingham. Procedures that do not require overnight stays are generally performed at Shelby Ambulatory Surgery at the Physician's Center. Procedures requiring overnight stays are done at Shelby Baptist Medical Center. Post-operative care is arranged through the hospital's attractive and well appointed Women's Center or the new South Tower.
The staff at both facilities provide professional, compassionate, care with your privacy as a priority. They feature state-of-the-art modern operating rooms, pre-op and recovery areas. Our anesthesia teams are made up of board certified anesthesiologists and certified, registered, fully credentialed nurse anesthetists. We also have two operating rooms in our office that we use for smaller procedures that can be done under lcoal anesthetics.
- B.S. - University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 1974 - 1978
- M.D. - University of Alabama, Birmingham 1978 -1982
- M.B.A. Auburn University, 2012
- General Surgery Residency - Carraway Methodist Medical Center 1982 - 1985
- Plastic Surgery Residency - University of Louisville 1985 - 1987
- Brohm Award for Surgical Excellence awarded by Dr. Hiram Polk
- Journal of Trauma - Rapid Peritoneal Lavage
- American Family Physician - Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injuries
- Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honorary
- Distinguished Undergraduate Scholar - University of Alabama
- American Board of Plastic Surgery 1989
- American Society of Plastic Surgeons
- Alabama Councilor, Southern Medical Association
- Chief, Department of Surgery, Shelby Baptist Medical Center 2007 - 2012
- Chair, Surgical Division, Baptist Physician Alliance
- Member, Board of Trustees, Baptist Health Systems, Birmingham, Alabama 2008 -present
- Alabama Society of Plastic Surgeons
- Shelby County Medical Society
- American Medical Association
- Shelby Baptist Medical Center, Alabaster, AL
- Shelby Ambulatory Surgery Center, LLC, Alabaster, AL


text:
Watch awesome technology podcasts/netcasts for free on the TWiT.TV network. Continue reading
Tags: free, netcasts, podcasts, technology, This Week in Technology, TWiT, TWiT.TV, video Posted in Cool Sites | No Comments »
Become a tech pro! Get the very best tech and computer help sent directly to your email every weekday!
The week's best in tech and computer help. Get your issue sent to your email every Friday!
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Clean jokes, funny quotes, and hilarious comics. Sent 5 times a week straight to your email.
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text:
'Tis the season to be jolly and what better way to celebrate is to glam up your outfit with the season's gold skirts.
Wearing gold or silver has only stayed either on my earrings, wrist or neck. I have not really considered wearing this color as a dress, skirt or top. I think it's over the top but recently I have been seeing a lot of beautiful gold skirts worn by different women in different styles, which makes me wonder if I should start adding it up in my wardrobe.
I decided to search at Resultly online to see what their gold skirt collection look like. I have noticed that most of the gold skirts are not just the plain gold color. View my search here: http://www.result.ly/Search/gold%20skirt I remember before, most of these skirts or dresses are in the metallic kind of fabric, making it a bit flashy to wear. I may have seen those type of gold dresses used either on an awards night or beauty pageants.
Resultly has this cute Akira gold skirt. The design is very intricate and looks like it was weaved rather than spider web-like design. Nevertheless, the skirt is stunning. This can be perfect for social gatherings or a romantic Christmas dinner with your hubby or special someone.
The skirt is made out of gold beads, sequins and lace. I think this looks like what Carrie Bradshaw would wear in one of her social functions with Mr. Big and will pair it off with one of her sexy Manolo Blahnik sandals. Check it out here.
Of course you do not have to break the bank to be in style. I found an Aeropostale gold skirt that is perfect for your daughter or younger sister. Though gold seems a bit too heavy for the young ones, this skirt looks light. They can pair it off with a white or black top and accessorize with a long-chained gold plated necklace and ballet flat shoes. If your daughter is not too bothered with being your twin for the entire night, you can also wear this with a black halter-top or cashmere sweater.
I will never be afraid of gold anymore and with this color be it a top, skirt or dress, it can definitely glam up not just your wardrobe but also the person wearing it.


text:
Joint Interest 10th Anniversary | Host Jennifer Williams Basketball Wives
Joint Interest
Saturday, March 23, 2013 at 9:00 PM - Sunday, March 24, 2013 at 3:30 AM (EDT)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
We cordially invite you to our 10-year Anniversary party that takes place on
Saturday, March 23, 2013 at the luxurious Millesime Restaurant inside the
Carlton Hotel (located at 88 Madison Avenue between 28th and 29th Streets in
New York City). The event begins at 9pm and will be hosted by the lovely
Jennifer Williams of Basketball Wives Miami.
We were able to secure the following for Saturday's event:
Open bar sponsored by Moscato from 10pm to 11pm.
Complimentary passed hors d'oeuvres from 10pm to 11pm.
"We started from the bottom and now we are here!"
Complimentary admission before 10pm with required RSVP.
For media inquires, contact email@example.com.
Alvin Bowles, CEO, Grab Networks
Brian Benjamin, Young Professionals for Change
Dr. Dennis P. Kimbro, Entrepreneur and author of the best seller Think and Grow Rich: A Black Choice
Douglas Holloway, President, Multi-Channel Distribution, ION Media
Dr. Randal Pinkett, Rhodes Scholar, and winner of Donald Trump's The Apprentice
Ron Claiborne, ABC News
Ryan Mack, President of The Optimum Institute of Economic Empowerment, Inc.
Tamika Mallory, Executive Director, National Action Network
When & Where
Carlton Hotel
88 Madison Ave
New York,
Saturday, March 23, 2013 at 9:00 PM - Sunday, March 24, 2013 at 3:30 AM (EDT)
Add to my calendar


text:
Moving to Ireland sounds like a dream, right? Well...
3 words. 8 letters.
- by love@firstsite
- Rating:
- Published: 13 Oct 2014
- Updated: 21 Jun 2015
- Status: In Progress
BANG!!! "Honey your awake" "I guess so" "It's Dylan. He's...."
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text:
Bobby G's UFC 146 Preview and Picks
UFC 146 takes place on Saturday at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, and can be seen on pay-per-view. It's being called the "biggest" card in UFC history. Not necessarily because of the importance of the fights…although there should be some doozies…but because the main card is made up of nothing but heavyweights.


text:
On View
Louise-Joséphine Sarazin de Belmont
A View of Paris from the Louvre
Louise-Joséphine Sarazin de Belmont
French, 1790 - 1871
A View of Paris from the Louvre, 1835
Oil on canvas
119.7 x 162.6 cm (47 1/8 x 64 inches)
Helen M. Danforth Acquisition Fund 1987.056
Luminous, expansive, and meticulously rendered, Louise-Joséphine Sarazin de Belmont's View of Paris from the Louvre demonstrates both her skill and her unique status in early 19th-century French fine art circles. A student of Pierre Henri de Valenciennes, she was rare among women who submitted works to the official Paris Salon where she received a First Class medal for landscapes exhibited there in 1834. Encouraged to treat nature as equally important as subjects drawn from history, Sarazin de Belmont traveled widely in Italy and in France, seeking inspiration in native forests and heroic landscapes alike. This painting was executed from the Louvre's Gallery of Apollo, which looks eastward along the Seine. The architecture of the city, its bridges, and quayside activity are complemented by a radiant effect of soft light that sets the tone for this idealized view of Paris.


text:
Senate Intelligence Committee: Benghazi attacks 'preventable'
The 2012 Benghazi attacks that left four Americans dead — including U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens — could have been stopped, the Senate Intelligence Committee said in a declassified report released Wednesday.
"The committee found the attacks were preventable, based on extensive intelligence reporting on the terrorist activity in Libya—to include prior threats and attacks against Western targets—and given the known security shortfalls at the U.S. Mission," the committee, led by Sen. Dianne Feinstein, a Democrat from California, and Sen. Saxby Chambliss, a Republican from Georgia, said in a statement.
The Intelligence Committee report says there were ample warnings from the intelligence community about possible attacks in Libya on the anniversary of 9-11 in 2012.


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As recently as spring, New Orleans Hornets owner Tom Benson made it clear he hoped his franchise could secure the team name that left with the franchise when it moved to Salt Lake City in 1979.
"We need to find a name like (Jazz)," Benson told the New Orleans Times-Picayune in April. "Whether we can get that or let us use that, you've got to know we're working on it. We'd like to change it tomorrow. We have not gotten that approved, but we're not letting up on it, either. Because we've got a good relationship with the commissioner and his people and we're going to be on them daily to do something."
Well, the Jazz have never been receptive to the idea of returning the name to the Crescent City, so the soon-to-be former Hornets appear to have moved on.
Yahoo!'s Marc J. Spears reports the Hornets are expected to be renamed the Pelicans, after the state bird and the star of Louisiana's nickname: The Pelican State. Spears reports the Pelicans could take the court as early as next season.
The Hornets planned to change their nickname since Tom Benson, owner of the New Orleans Saints, purchased the team on April 14. Benson also owns the rights to the nickname Pelicans.
The Hornets also considered the nicknames Krewe (groups of costumed paraders in the annual Mardi Gras carnival in New Orleans) and Brass.
Louisiana is the Pelican State. The brown pelican is the state bird and appears on the state flag and seal, and official state painting. Moreover, the Pelicans played minor league baseball in New Orleans in all but nine seasons from 1887-1959 and in 1977.
Gayle Benson, Benson's wife, told Fox Sports New Orleans recently her preference for new team colors was navy blue, red and gold.
For those unsure, this is a photo of an actual pelican, as opposed to this one of a future Pelican.
Bill Oram