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Citizens in Mississippi, once, and Colorado, twice, have resoundingly rejected so called "personhood" measures that would have established the "pre-born" as separate legal persons under the law. There is increasing evidence that when people understand the broad reach of such measures, they vote them down. But what happens when prosecutors and judges misuse their power and "pass" such measures in disguise?
While people in Mississippi were considering Proposition 26 and deciding whether fertilized eggs and embryos would be treated as entirely separate legal persons, a prosecutor and courts were addressing the same question behind the scenes, where voters have no role or voice.
In 2004, the Mississippi Legislature broadened the state's homicide laws to define "human being" to include an "unborn child at every stage of gestation from conception until live birth." The fetal homicide laws in Mississippi, as around the country, were passed to address third-party violence against a pregnant woman that caused harm to the unborn. In Lowndes County, however, a prosecutor decided that this law could be used to punish a pregnant woman who suffered a stillbirth. The prosecution targeted an African-American teenager and chose a set of "facts" least likely to elicit sympathy: The prosecutor claimed that the stillbirth was caused by the teen's use of an illegal drug.
Prosecutors, Judges Increasingly Indict Pregnant Women Using "Personhood" Status Rejected By Voters
Current Status: Published/No Action (12)
Seeded on Sun Apr 8, 2012 3:51 AM
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Saturday, March 23, 2013
A special candlelight Mass on Sunday, March 24th to celebrate the life of Msgr. Oscar Romero. The Service will include a simple Eucharist, readings, songs and litany for peace. Community Leaders will read selective passages on justice and peace as well as writings from Holy Men and Holy Women. This is the first of many services at Our Lady in the Valley that rejoices in the Christian heritage of action, prayer and celebration. The Service begins at 5:30 p.m.

subset: commoncrawl


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Britney Spears Renews Record Contract With RCA, Starts Writing New Music
Listen to Britney Spears Radio on iHeartRadio
Britney Spears may be busy making major money as a Vegas entertainer right now, but that doesn't mean that's she completely given up on her first career as a professional pop star.
The 32-year-old has confirmed that she's re-signed with RCA Records, who took over her contract after Jive folded in 2011. She's also writing new music, but no plans for a new studio album have been announced yet.
"In my off-time I do record," Spears told Variety. "Once in a while I'll just go into the studio if there's a really good song that I have in my head and want to do. I think as artists you're constantly in creative motion. If I stopped writing songs then that's a part of me that would stop in my life, and I need constant motion… I'm definitely more in a creative space now. You have more time to go there spiritually in your home with a piano than you would being in a hotel room."
Photo: Getty Images


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GSA Honors Two Winners of Third Annual Achievement Award for Real Property Innovation
October 27, 1999
Contact: Eleni Martin (202) 501-1231
Washington, DC - Today, the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) honored the two winners of its third annual Achievement Award for Real Property Innovation.
The Real Property Innovation Award was developed by GSA's Office of Governmentwide Policy (OGP) to recognize the successes of the Federal real property community, improve communications between real property professionals, and share the best policies and practices implemented by Federal agencies. Both of this year's winning entries were from the best practice category. The winners were:
"Maintenance Cost Savings through Divestiture" -- United States Coast Guard, Department of Transportation "Strategic Positioning" - Energy Center of Expertise, Public Buildings Service, GSA
"These winners were selected from among 30 entries submitted by Federal agencies. The response to the call for entries is exemplary of the commitment to innovation the Federal government is making in the real estate arena," said David Bibb, Deputy Associate Administrator, Office of Real Property, Office of Governmentwide Property.
The success stories submitted by all entrants will be posted on the Internet at
http://policyworks.gov/realproperty and will be featured in a special edition of the Real Property Policysite newsletter.
A five-member independent panel of real estate and management experts representing a cross-section of private, government plus international organizations was established to evaluate the merits of the entries. The judges were Barbara Hampton, former President and Chairperson of the Board of the International Development Research Council; John Kamensky, Deputy Director, National Partnership for Reinventing Government; James S. Toothaker, Director of Office Systems and Services, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Paul J. Choquette, Regional Director General, Ontario Region, Public Works and Government Services Canada; and Todd Lewers, representing the Building Owners and Management Association and Vice President - Real Estate, Apex Site Management, Inc.


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Leaders of rival education movements claimed victory Wednesday for returning two incumbents to the Los Angeles Unified School District board, while finalists for a third seat prepared to campaign anew for the May runoff election.
The Coalition for School Reform said it accomplished its top objective with the re-election of District 2 incumbent Monica Garcia, who received 56 percent of the vote.
United Teachers Los Angeles, meanwhile, was rejoicing that District 4 incumbent Steve Zimmer had eked out a 52-48 percent win over Kate Anderson, whose campaign received a $1.5 million boost from the coalition and its partners.
In District 6, top vote-getter Antonio Sanchez and second-place finisher Monica Ratliff looked ahead to the May 21 runoff. Both candidates were endorsed by UTLA, but Sanchez had the financial backing of the coalition while Ratliff ran a grass-roots campaign.
With the status quo essentially intact, political observers said, the debate over the best way to boost student achievement will continue.
"What we're left with is a mixed bag, which is recipe for more gridlock," said Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse Uhruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California.
"Both sides can selectively interpret the results to their advantage, so there's not much incentive for either to try to compromise. Unless the next mayor decides to wade in, we've got two more years of the same tug-of-war."
The race for three seats on the seven-member board drew the national attention of outside groups, who spent nearly $5 million on their candidates' campaigns.
But that national interest didn't trickle down to the local level, where turnout citywide averaged 16 percent. While more than 61,000 voters cast ballots in District 4, the finally tally was less than half that in Districts 2 and 6.
In District 4, the coalition and other groups supporting Anderson and fighting Zimmer spent about $1.54 million, or $52 for each of the 29,537 votes she received.
UTLA and its partners spent $1.08 million on Zimmer's behalf, about $33 for each of his 32,137 votes.
With almost $1.3 million spent to retain Garcia, each of her 15,268 votes cost about $85 each.
And in District 6, where the coalition spent $1.18 million on Sanchez, his 13,087 votes cost a whopping $90 each.
Raphael Sonenshein, head of the Pat Brown Institute for Public Affairs at Cal State LA, said the policy issues that energized reform and teachers groups simply didn't resonate with local voters.
"What it comes down to is that local school board races are really just local," he said. "You need a (sharply defined) issue, and which side are you on."
The LAUSD race shaped up as a referendum on Superintendent John Deasy, who has clashed openly with the leadership of UTLA on issues like teacher retention and evaluations and his support of the charter movement.
Reform advocates had worried that he'd be fired and his programs dismantled if UTLA gained the upper hand on the board.
"Our No. 1 priority was re-electing Monica (Garcia)," said Janelle Erickson, the coalition's campaign manager. "It's a great victory for parents and educators and those dedicated to reforming public schools."
UTLA President Warren Fletcher issued a statement vowing to work with Garcia despite their past differences.
As the votes were being tallied late Tuesday, Garcia said she was committed to trying to forge better bonds with the leadership of UTLA.
"It's essential that we find a way to work together," said Garcia, who has been the board president for the last six years. "I'm very pragmatic about leading. I need to figure out a way to move forward."
Although he and Garcia retained their seats, Zimmer said it won't be business as usual on the board.
"The status quo is past," he said. "We have to build this new reality together. Whether it's the unions or Deasy or the next mayor or all of the special interest groups, the message is the same - We're going to work through these issues together and do right by kids.
"It's not so much compromise as genuine collaboration. You listen with respect and you agree sometimes to disagree. That's the way you get the best possible outcomes for children."
For Sanchez and Ratliff, Wednesday signaled the start of their runoff campaign, which each said would mirror their effort during the primary.
Erickson, from the School Reform Coalition, said her group will partner with the SEIU in backing Sanchez, a native of the East Valley.
Sanchez said he wants to spend more time campaigning in local neighborhoods and talking to residents about his plan for improving student achievement.
"The health of the city is undeniably linked to the health of public schools," he said. "The education system has the power to give any child the skills to grow up to be a successful adult."
Ratliff plans to continue teaching fifth grade at San Pedro Elementary, campaigning after hours and on the weekend.
"Voters in my district want someone who is experienced in terms of creating successful schools," said Ratliff, who gave up a career as a lawyer to become a teacher. "They understand that it's important to have people on the board who are above politics and money."


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Pride of the Division
Welcome to the "Pride of the Division" website for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management
This website was created to recognize the accomplishments and achievements of our students, staff, faculty, and parents. The success of our University depends on the experience, hard work, and dedication of all of our campus staff and our stakeholders outside of our campus community. It is appropriate that we take this opportunity to recognize and acknowledge their many contributions to our students' success.
I hope you will take time to explore this site and when you see or recognize any of the individuals who are acknowledged on this site, please take a moment to say "Thank you" to them for their hard work!
Dr. Frank R. Lamas
Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management


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Arnon Goldfinger's documentary "The Flat" is equal parts detective story and family confessional, an intriguing look at how the living try to make sense of what the dead leave behind.
The story begins with the death of Goldfinger's grandmother Gerda Tuchler, a German-born Jew who emigrated with her husband, Kurt, to Palestine (now Israel) in 1936. In digging through his grandmother's belongings, he uncovers an intriguing clipping, a 1934 article from a Nazi newspaper detailing a visit to Palestine by a prominent Nazi official, Leopold von Mildenstein accompanied by the Tuchlers.
Why, Goldfinger asks, were his Jewish grandparents associating with a Nazi like Mildenstein? The plot deepens as Goldfinger reveals that Mildenstein's successor, and protégé, was Adolf Eichmann who went on to become one of the architects of the Holocaust.
History, though, is more complicated than simple associations. Mildenstein was a proponent of relocating German Jews to Palestine, so the Tuchlers' friendship with him could be seen as a positive step toward establishing a mass migration. But then why does Goldfinger find evidence that his grandparents visited Mildenstein after World War II, when he was a Coca-Cola executive who claimed he was merely a journalist during the Nazi regime?
The mystery gets even more complicated after Goldfinger interviews a retired journalist who had written a forgiving profile of Mildenstein in the '60s. Then Goldfinger digs into the files of the former East German government, which tell a different story.
The most emotional moments of "The Flat" come in Goldfinger's talks with two women. One is Mildenstein's daughter, the other is Goldfinger's mother. Both are elderly, with deep-set memories of their parents that don't always jibe with the historical record Goldfinger has uncovered. These interviews cast in heartbreaking terms the movie's central question: Once you know the truth, what do you do about it?
Twitter: @moviecricket
'The Flat'
A filmmaker finds some uncomfortable truths about his grandparents in this absorbing documentary.
Where • Broadway Centre Cinemas.
When • Opens Friday, Dec. 14.
Rating • Not rated, but probably PG-13 for thematic material.
Running time • 97 minutes; in Hebrew with subtitles.


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Producers have always touted pre-cast concrete as a contractor-friendly building system. Often its design can eliminate extra work at the jobsite and boost safety and speed.
So it's not surprising that the use of the Supranos Systems' patented precast concrete structural floor and roof system has grown steadily in Florida over the past 12 years. But support for the system has come from a surprising source: Mason contractors who work on the flooring system report substantial gains in their productivity and margins.
"Masons love us because we offer the least disruptive approach," says John Ambrose, Supranos' co-owner and CEO. "Our installation crews are in and out quickly and let the masons move up rapidly." About 80% of the company's projects involved masonry structural systems.
But its not just mason contractors who can benefit. The precast floor system also has been installed on other structural systems, including insulating concrete forms, tilt-up, plant-manufactured precast, structural steel, and even wood.
Now with a proven construction record, the producer hopes to expand into new markets and is considering licensing the system to other producers.
"The challenges are to get people to understand the system and learn how to work with it efficiently," says Jean-Pierre Ghazal, co-owner and director of operations for the South Bay, Fla.-based company. "It works beautifully when the design engineer understands its full capabilities and allows the contractor to use it to its best advantage."
The system is very flexible, allowing architects to design buildings of practically any shape. "There's really nothing standard about most of the projects," says Ambrose. "We can accommodate many shapes and loading conditions."
The system consists of precast concrete panels, typically 8 feet wide and 3 inches thick, that utilize steel joists as the main load-carrying component. The slabs are cast with camber, increasing their load-carrying capabilities. They typically are fabricated up to 40 feet in length with the standard thickness, but can span longer via custom designs. Other widths can be provided, although joists typically are placed 8 feet on-center.
The 15½-inch joists are cast into the concrete, which is reinforced with welded wire mesh. Additional lifting points and other stress areas also are strengthened. The web and bottom chord feature 50-ksi steel, while the top chords have 60-ksi weldable rebar. A double top chord is fabricated for all joists longer than 25 feet. The webs are generally continuous for each specific diameter, and they are bent to a sinusoidal shape.
Getting the mix right
The concrete mix provides 1200 psi compressive strength within 18 hours. The slabs are cast at the company's 10-acre plant and stacked and delivered to the site in loads up to 1250 square feet per load. There, a crane (typically 70 tons, although 40- to 200-ton cranes can be used) lifts them into position. They are set with their joist shoes sitting on embeds installed by the shell contractor.


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Mines scientist receives Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship
GOLDEN, Colo., June 22, 2010 – Hallgerd Eydal, a post-doctoral research scientist in Colorado School of Mines' Environmental Science and Engineering Department, was awarded a Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship from the European Union.
She was granted approximately $320,000 for this prestigious award. The fellowship involves two years of research at Mines to begin in mid-August. The third year of the work will be done at the University of Bergen, Norway. The work is to examine the microbial ecology and state of viruses in Yellowstone hot springs.
Karen Gilbert, Public Relations Specialist / 303-273-3541 / firstname.lastname@example.com
Marsha Williams, Director of Integrated Marketing Communications / 303-273-3326 / email@example.com


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By Mike Capshaw
Special to the Citizen
A loud "Smack!" echoed throughout Terry Stroemer Field in Lake Butler, clearly audible even as dozens of Chiefland baseball fans cheered and clapped wildly.
Like a gavel after a court proceeding, the sound of assistant coach Chad Brock high-fiving pitcher Tim Reidy signaled an end to Baldwin's chances as Chiefland (15-7) used the momentum of the inning to pull away for a 12-2, mercy-rule victory in the District 7-1A Championship game.
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Author Says Romney Campaign Is Being Dishonest With His Words, Will Media Report It?
Blog ››› ››› OLIVER WILLIS
Mitt Romney's presidential campaign has recently been misrepresenting Noam Scheiber's book, The Escape Artists, to claim that President Obama knowingly hamstrung the economic recovery by pushing for health care reform. Yesterday, The Washington Examiner's Byron York amplified the Romney campaign's false allegation.
Further discrediting the attack, Scheiber told Talking Points Memo today that Romney's comments are "false" and "not something I argue in the book." From Talking Points Memo:
The author of a book documenting the White House's policy making strategy, cited multiple times by GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney, says the former Massachusetts governor is using the book to dishonestly accuse President Obama of intentionally harming the economy.
"That is false, in a variety of ways. I don't believe that it's substantively true," Noam Scheiber, author of The Escape Artists, told TPM by phone Thursday morning.
On Wednesday Romney said President Obama and his aides believed the health care reform law would harm the recovery but pushed for it anyway, and sourced the argument to Scheiber's book. But the claim is not true.
"There are a couple of claims wound up together there in Romney's remarks," Scheiber said. "One claim is that [Obama's team] knew that the Affordable Care Act itself -- something about the Act -- would derail the recovery.... They do not believe that it's substantively true. So it's not something that they felt, and it's not something I argue in the book."
Jonathan Chait, writing for New York's Daily Intel blog, explains further just how untrue this line of attack is:
First, and most importantly, at no point did anybody in the Obama administration ever believe that passing the Affordable Care Act would "slow down the recovery." Nothing close to that is ever described. Romney presents the book as revealing that Obama believed health-care reform, through its "big gummint" regulations, would harm the recovery, but cackling that he wanted to pass it out of some belief that Americans wouldn't notice mass economic suffering. This bears no relationship to anything the book says.
In the book, Noam Scheiber asked Larry Summers if he believed that the decision to pass health-care reform cost Obama the chance to pass a second stimulus, and thus came at the cost of a faster recovery. Summers answered that he did not think the health-care law prevented a second stimulus, but that even if that were the case, he would have supported it anyway.
Media outlets reporting Romney's latest attack on Obama have a responsibility to make clear that it's utterly false.
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From HaskellWiki
We need to start a GOOD (aka, not a PLEAC clone) Haskell cookbook.
This page is based on the Scheme Cookbook at http://schemecookbook.org/Cookbook/WebHome
1 GHCi/Hugs
1.1 GHCi interaction
To start GHCi from a command prompt, simply type `ghci'
$ ghci ___ ___ _ / _ \ /\ /\/ __(_) / /_\// /_/ / / | | GHC Interactive, version 6.6, for Haskell 98. / /_\\/ __ / /___| | http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ \____/\/ /_/\____/|_| Type :? for help. Loading package base ... linking ... done. Prelude>
Prelude is the "base" library of Haskell.
To create variables at the GHCi prompt, use `let'
Prelude> let x = 5 Prelude> x 5 Prelude> let y = 3 Prelude> y 3 Prelude> x + y 8
2 Types
To check the type of an expression or function, use the command `:t'
Prelude> :t x x :: Integer Prelude> :t y y :: Integer
Haskell has the following types defined in the Standard Prelude.
Int -- bounded, word-sized integers Integer -- unbounded integers Double -- floating point values Char -- characters String -- strings () -- the unit type Bool -- booleans [a] -- lists (a,b) -- tuples / product types Either a b -- sum types Maybe a -- optional values
3 Strings
3.1 Input
Strings can be read as input using getLine.
Prelude> getLine Foo bar baz "Foo bar baz"
3.2 Output
Strings can be output in a number of different ways.
Prelude> putStr "Foo" FooPrelude>
As you can see, putStr does not include the newline character `\n'. We can either use putStr like this:
Prelude> putStr "Foo\n" Foo
Or use putStrLn, which is already in the Standard Prelude
Prelude> putStrLn "Foo" Foo
We can also use print to print a string, including the quotation marks.
Prelude> print "Foo" "Foo"
3.3 Concatenation
Concatenation of strings is done with the `++' operator.
Prelude> "foo" ++ "bar" "foobar"
4 NumbersNumbers in Haskell can be of the type
4.1 Random numbers
5 Dates and time
Use System.Time.getClockTime to get a properly formatted date stamp.
Prelude> System.Time.getClockTime Wed Feb 21 20:05:35 CST 2007
6 Lists
Haskell has all of the general list manipulation functions.
Prelude> head [1,2,3] 1 Prelude> tail [1,2,3] [2,3] Prelude> length [1,2,3] 3
7 Pattern matching
Haskell does implicit pattern matching.
A good example of pattern matching is done in the fact function for finding a factorial.
fact :: Integer -> Integer fact 0 = 1 fact n = n * fact (n - 1)
The 3rd and final line of this function is another pattern match, which says that, whatever number was entered as the argument, is multiplied by the factorial of that number, minus 1. Notice this function is recursive.Pattern matching in Haskell evaluates the patterns in the order they are written, so
8 Arrays
9 Files
9.1 Simple IOUsing
A program to sum up numbers:
A program that adds line numbers to each line:
numberLines = unlines . zipWith combine [1..] . lines
where combine lineNumber text = concat [show lineNumber, " ", text]
9.2 Reading from files
The System.IO library contains the functions needed for file IO. The program below displays the contents of the file c:\test.txt.
main = do
h <- openFile "c:\\test.txt" ReadMode
contents <- hGetContents h
putStrLn contents
hClose h
The same program, with some higher-lever functions:
contents <- readFile "c:\\test.txt"
putStrLn contents


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- Details
DetailsX0:~ The low-profile X0 front derailleur was designed specifically for SRAM X-GLIDEª shifting. Flawless shifting means you'll never again compromise your speed and power in unpredictable off-road terrain. No more missed shifts, ever. X-GLIDEª puts you in he right gear, right now.
- • Wide range 2x10 and 3x10 systems with X-GLIDEª front shifting technology
- • Dedicated 34-, 38- and 36-tooth front derailleurs
- • High Clamp mounting type


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'What Moore remembers about his month with the Sabres was the disappointment of missing the playoffs by two points and the pain of playing with a broken wrist — suffered just days after his arrival. Moore didn't reveal his injury until after the season. "When you're in a playoff race, you just have to do the best you can regardless of the circumstances," he said. "There wasn't much you could do about it anyway, so there was no point in giving it much credence until after the season. "'
Moore's lasting impression of Buffalo: Sting of missing playoffs
October 22, 2009 Submitted by
Via: South Florida Sun Sentinel


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Little Big Town to debut new single on TV
Listen to Little Big Town on iHeartRadio
Little Big Town is introducing their new single with a TV appearance.
The country group will give "Sober" its premiere TV performance as the musical guest on NBC's "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" Thursday night. The song, which is slated for release at the end of the month, is the fourth single from Little Big Town's album, Tornado. It follows the award-winning chart-topper "Pontoon," the top ten title track, and their most recent single, "Your Side of the Bed."
Little Big Town will remain in California after their "Tonight Show" appearance. The group is an opener on Keith Urban's "Light The Fuse" tour, and has shows scheduled in Los Angeles on Friday and San Diego on Saturday.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Get an overview of this hotelChicago hostel in The Loop, walk to Art Institute of Chicago
Popular property highlights
Located in The Loop, this hostel is within a 10-minute walk of Columbia College Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, and Buckingham Fountain. Millennium Park and Willis Tower are also within 15 minutes.
Property Features
A coffee shop/café, meeting rooms, and concierge services are available at this smoke-free hostel. Free continental breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Additionally, laundry facilities, a 24-hour front desk, and a computer station are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 68 rooms offer free WiFi, hair dryers, and showers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
HI Chicago
Hostel Amenities
Hostel Amenities
The hostel offers a coffee shop/café. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. A computer station is located on site and wireless Internet access is complimentary. Event facilities measuring 600 square feet (56 square meters) include meeting rooms. This business-friendly hostel also offers a library, tour/ticket assistance, and an arcade/game room.
HI Chicago is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour front desk
- Arcade/game room
- Total number of rooms - 68
- Number of floors - 7
- ATM/banking
- Coffee shop or café
- Free breakfast
- Concierge services
- Elevator/lift
- Billiards or pool table
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Wired Internet access - surcharge
- Computer station
- Laundry facilities
- Library
- Meeting rooms 2
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Offsite parking discounted rates available
- Year Built 1886
- Conference space size (feet) - 600
- Conference space size (meters) - 56
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Television in common areas
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Arcade/game room
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Wired Internet access - surcharge
Offsite parking discounted rates available
Room Amenities
- Shared bathroom
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Iron/ironing board
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
A complimentary continental breakfast is served each morning between 7 AM and 10 AM.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hostel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18 years old.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
This hostel's policy is to accept bookings only from non-local guests. Guests whose residence is within 45 miles of the property will not be allowed to check in. Guests can contact the property for additional information using the number on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
There is a maximum stay policy of 14 nights within a 12 month period at this property. To request reservations longer than 14 nights please contact the property directly, using the contact details on the booking confirmation.
- Club Card: USD 3 per person, per night
Hostel Name
- Hostelling International Chicago Chicago Hostel
- Hostelling International Chicago Summer Hotel Chicago
- Hostelling International Chicago Hostel
- Hostelling International Chicago
- Hostel HI Chicago
We should mention
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.


text:
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The City of Chiefland and Chiefland Fire and Rescue are in the process of preparing to finalize our budget for the 2009/2010 fiscal year. In doing so I presented a budget to the commissioners that had no increases to the city portion of our budget.
This budget will be used to run approximately 1,500 calls located both inside outside of the Chiefland City limits. Our figures for 2009/2010 are as follows:
City of Chiefland $188,261 currently this figure is $188,632.29 for 2008/2009.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Chiefland Citizen, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of erectile dysfunction.
Impotence; ED
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), formerly called impotence, can affect men of all ages, although it is much more common among older men. It is normal for men to occasionally experience erectile dysfunction. However, if the problem becomes chronic, it can have adverse effects on relationships, emotional health, and self-esteem. Erectile dysfunction may also be a symptom of an underlying health condition. If erectile dysfunction becomes an on-going problem, it is important to talk to your doctor.
Causes of Erectile Dysfunction
PDE5 Inhibitors
Erectile dysfunction is usually treated with a PDE5 inhibitor drug such as: :
These drugs are generally safe and effective for most men. They may not be appropriate for men with certain health conditions, such as severe heart disease, heart failure, history of stroke or heart attack, or uncontrolled high blood pressure or diabetes. Men who take nitrate drugs cannot use PDE5 inhibitors, and these drugs can also interact with other medications. Talk to your doctor about whether PDE5 inhibitor drugs are a safe choice for you.
Other Treatments
Other treatments for erectile dysfunction include:
It is very important to treat any underlying health conditions that may be causing erectile dysfunction. It is also important to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors by eating right, staying physically active, reducing stress, and stopping smoking and substance abuse.
Erectile dysfunction (formerly called impotence) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficiently rigid for sexual intercourse. Sexual drive and the ability to have an orgasm are not necessarily affected. Because all men have erection problems from time to time, doctors diagnose erectile dysfunction if a man fails to maintain an erection satisfactory for intercourse on at least 25% of attempts.
Erectile dysfunction is not new in either medicine or human experience, but it is often not easily or openly discussed. Cultural expectations of male sexuality inhibit many men from seeking help for a disorder that can usually benefit from medical treatment.
The Structure of the Penis. The penis is composed of the following structures:
These structures are made up of erectile tissue. Erectile tissue is rich in tiny pools of blood vessels called cavernous sinuses. Each of these vessels are surrounded by smooth muscles and supported by elastic fibrous tissue composed of a protein called collagen.
Erectile Function and Nitric Oxide. The penis is either flaccid or erect depending on the state of arousal. In the flaccid, or unerect, penis, the following normally occurs:
During arousal the following occurs:
A proper balance of certain chemicals, gases, and other substances is critical for erectile health.
Collagen. The protein collagen is the major component in structural tissue in the body, including in the penis. Excessive amounts of collagen can, however, form scar tissue, which can impair erectile function.
Oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood is one of the most important components for erectile health. Oxygen levels vary widely from very low levels in the flaccid state to very high levels in the erect state. During sleep, a man can normally have three to five erections per night, bringing oxygen-rich blood to the penis. The primary cause of oxygen deprivation is ischemia -- the blockage of blood vessels. The same blood flow-reducing conditions that lead to heart disease, such as atherosclerosis, may also contribute to erectile dysfunction.
Testosterone and Other Hormones. Normal levels of hormones, especially testosterone, are essential for libido (sex drive) and erectile function, although their exact role is not clear.
Over the past decades, the medical perspective on the causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) has shifted. Common belief used to attribute almost all cases of ED to psychological factors. Now doctors believe that up to 85% of ED cases are caused by medical or physical problems. Only 15% are completely psychologically based. Sometimes, erectile dysfunction is due to a combination of physical and psychological causes.
A number of medical conditions share a common problem with erectile dysfunction -- the impaired ability of blood vessels to open and allow normal blood flow.
Heart disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels are major risk factors for erectile dysfunction. Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a form of atherosclerosis, is very common in men who have erectile dysfunction. In fact, erectile problems may be a warning sign of these conditions in men at risk for atherosclerosis. Men who experience ED have a greater risk for angina, heart attack, and stroke.
Erectile dysfunction is a very common problem in men with high blood pressure. Many of the drugs used to treat hypertension (such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers) may also cause ED.
Diabetes is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. Blood vessel and nerve damage are both common complications of diabetes. When the blood vessels or nerves of the penis are involved, erectile dysfunction can result. Diabetes is also associated with heart disease and chronic kidney disease, other risk factors for ED.
Obesity increases the risk for diabetes, heart disease, and erectile dysfunction.
Metabolic syndrome -- a cluster of conditions that includes obesity and abdominal fat, unhealthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance -- is also a risk factor for erectile dysfunction in men older than 50 years.
Although benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH or "enlarged prostate") does not cause erectile dysfunction, surgical and drug treatments for the condition can increase the risk for erectile dysfunction.
Diseases that affect the central nervous system can cause erectile dysfunction. These conditions include
Low levels of the male hormone testosterone can be a contributing factor to erectile dysfunction in men who have other risk factors. (Low testosterone as the sole cause of erectile dysfunction affects only about 5% of men. In general, low testosterone levels are more likely to reduce sexual desire than to cause ED.) Pituitary gland abnormalities that cause high levels of the hormone prolactin are also associated with erectile dysfunction. Other hormonal and endocrinologic causes of erectile dysfunction include thyroid and adrenal gland problems.
Spinal cord injury and pelvic trauma, such as a pelvic fracture, can cause nerve damage that results in ED. Other conditions that can injure the spine and cause erectile dysfunction include spinal cord tumors, spina bifida, and a history of polio.
Certain types of surgery and radiation treatments can increase the risk for erectile dysfunction:
Note: Vasectomy does NOT cause erectile dysfunction.
Erectile dysfunction can be a side effect of certain medications. They include:
Anxiety. Anxiety has both emotional and physical consequences that can affect erectile function. It is among the most frequently cited contributors to psychological ED.
Stress. Even simple stress can affect sexual function.
Depression. Depression can reduce sexual desire and is associated with erectile dysfunction.
Relationship Problems. Troubles in relationships often have a direct impact on sexual functioning.
For most men, erectile dysfunction is primarily associated with older age. Nevertheless, ED is not inevitable with age. Severe erectile dysfunction often has more to do with age-related disease than age itself. In particular, older men are more likely to have heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure than younger men. Such conditions and some of their treatments are causes of erectile dysfunction.
Smoking. Smoking contributes to the development of erectile dysfunction, mainly because it increases the effects of other blood vessel disorders, including high blood pressure and atherosclerosis.
Alcohol Use. Heavy drinking can cause erectile dysfunction. Alcohol depresses the central nervous system and impairs sexual function.
Drug Abuse. Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, and marijuana can affect sexual function.
Weight and Sedentary Lifestyle. Obesity is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction. Lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and other health problems associated with erectile dysfunction.
Your doctor will ask about various physical and psychological factors that may be causing erectile dysfunction. The doctor will also perform a physical exam.
The doctor will ask about:
In addition, the doctor will ask about your sexual history, which may include:
If appropriate, the doctor may also interview your sexual partner.
The doctor will perform a physical exam, including examination of the genitals and a digital rectal examination (the doctor inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the patient's rectum) to check for prostate abnormalities. The doctor should check your blood pressure, and evaluate your blood circulation by checking the pulses in your legs.
Because erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis are often linked, it is important to check cholesterol levels. Similarly, the doctor may order tests for blood sugar (glucose) levels to check if diabetes is a factor. In some cases, blood tests may be used to measure testosterone levels to determine if there are hormone problems. The doctor may also test for thyroid and gland dysfunction. For more sophisticated tests, the doctor may refer the patient to a urologist or endocrinologist.
Many physical and psychological situations can cause erectile dysfunction, and brief periods of ED are normal. Every man experiences erectile dysfunction from time to time. Nevertheless, if the problem is persistent, men should seek professional help, particularly since erectile dysfunction is usually treatable and may also be a symptom of an underlying health problem. It is important to treat any medical condition that may be causing erectile dysfunction.
Drug therapy with PDE5 inhibitors is the main treatment for erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn), tadalafil (Cialis), and avanafil (Stendra) are the PDE5 inhibitor drugs approved for treating erectile dysfunction. In general, if a man is a candidate for PDE5 inhibitor therapy and is satisfied with the results, no further treatment is necessary.
PDE5 inhibitors are not safe or effective for all men. Men who cannot or choose not to take the drugs may have other options, including:
Ultimately, how successful the medical treatment is and how well it is accepted depends, in large part, on the man's expectations and how he and his partner both adapt to the procedure.
Psychotherapies. Some form of psychological, behavioral, or sexual therapy may be recommended for certain patients.
Lifestyle Changes. No matter what the treatment, a healthy lifestyle is important for restoring and maintaining erectile function. This includes a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and engaging in activities that help reduce stress.
PDE5 inhibitor drugs are generally the first choice of treatment for erectile dysfunction. They are:
All of these drugs are known as phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors and are approved for treatment of erectile dysfunction. By blocking the PDE-5 enzyme, these drugs help the smooth muscles of the arteries in the penis to widen and increase blood flow.
PDE5 inhibitor drugs come in pill form and are taken by mouth. Vardenafil is available as a standard pill (Levitra) or as a quickly dissolving tablet (Staxyn).
These drugs all work equally well. A doctor usually selects one of the brands based on the patient's individual preference, ease of use, and cost of medication.
PDE5 inhibitors are a good choice for men of any age who are in good health and who do not have conditions that prevent taking them.
However, PDE5 inhibitors are not suitable for everyone. Men who take nitrate drugs for angina cannot take PDE5 inhibitors. The PDE5 inhibitors are less effective in men with diabetes and in men who have been treated for prostate cancer. Men who take certain alpha-blockers for high blood pressure or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) should take PDE5 inhibitors with extra care if at all. [Tadalafil (Cialis) is approved to treat symptoms of enlarged prostate in men who have both BPH and erectile dysfunction.]
Men with the following conditions should not take PDE5 inhibitors:
PDE5 inhibitors work only when the man experiences some sexual arousal. The pill should be taken about 1 hour before sexual intercourse. It generally starts to work within 10 - 30 minutes. The effects of these drugs may last for several hours, and tadalafil may last for up to 36 hours.
Do not take more than one pill a day. Sildenafil should be taken on an empty stomach. Vardenafil, tadalafil, and avanafil may be taken with or without food.
Success rates increase with the number of attempts, so don't be discouraged if the drug does not work at first.
PDE5 inhibitors are also sometimes used in combination with testosterone replacement therapy for men with hypogonadism (low testosterone levels). Some research indicates that the addition of testosterone provides little benefit.
Common side effects of PDE inhibitors include flushing, upset stomach, headache, nasal congestion, back pain, and dizziness.
Effects on the Heart. There have been reports of fatal heart attacks in a small percentage of men taking PDE5 inhibitors. These medications can cause sudden and dangerous drops in blood pressure when the drug is taken with nitrate drugs, which are used for angina. Common nitrate drugs include nitroglycerine, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, erythatyl tetranitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and sodium nitroprusside. No one taking nitrates, including related substances such as amyl nitrate ("poppers"), should take sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, or avanafil.
Intercourse itself involves an increase in physical exertion and a very small risk of heart attack for patients with heart disease or heart disease risk factors. If you have heart disease or have recently had a heart attack, talk with your doctor about whether you can safely have sex.
Visual Effects. In rare cases, men who take these drugs develop vision problems that include seeing a blue haze, temporary increased brightness, and even temporary vision loss in a few cases. The effect is usually temporary, lasting a few minutes to several hours. Men at risk for eye problems who take PDE5 inhibitors should have regular eye examinations with an ophthalmologist. Men should also see an eye doctor if visual problems last more than a few hours.
In a few cases, these drugs have been associated with partial vision loss. The vision loss is caused by non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a condition that occurs from poor blood flow to optic nerves. However, erectile dysfunction is itself linked to the same vascular problems that cause NAION. Patients who suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease are at higher risk for erectile dysfunction as well as other vascular problems such as NAION. Although the risk of blindness appears small, men who experience a sudden loss of vision should immediately stop taking the drug and contact their doctors.
Hearing Loss. A small number of men have experienced sudden hearing loss in one ear, sometimes accompanied by ringing in the ears and dizziness. If you have this symptom, immediately contact your doctor.
Priapism. PDE5 inhibitors pose a very low risk for priapism in most men. (Priapism is sustained, painful, and unwanted erection.) Exceptions are young men with normal erectile function. Priapism is an emergency situation that requires prompt treatment to prevent permanent damage to the penis.
DrugInteractions. In addition to serious interactions with nitrates, PDE5 inhibitors may also interact with certain antibiotics, such as erythromycin, and acid blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet, generic). Patients should tell their doctor about any other medications they are taking.
Other Concerns. Some recent data indicate that men who take drug treatments for erectile dysfunction are at increased risk for contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. This risk is due to unsafe sexual practices, not the drugs themselves. Still, it is important for men of all ages to be aware of the risks of STDs and how to prevent them through safe sex interventions.
Alprostadil is derived from a natural substance, prostaglandin E1, which opens blood vessels. This medicine is an effective treatment for many men with ED. It can be administered by:
Candidates. Alprostadil is not an appropriate choice for men with:
Injected Alprostadil. Injected alprostadil (Caverject, Edex) uses a very small needle that the man inserts into the erectile tissue of his penis. Although this treatment is very effective, some men find the injections to be painful or uncomfortable.
The drug should not be injected more than 3 times a week or more than once within a 24-hour period.
Suppository Alprostadil. The MUSE system delivers alprostadil through the urethra using suppository pellets. It works in the following way:
The MUSE system should not be used more than twice a day and is not appropriate for men with abnormal penis anatomy.
Side Effects of Most Alprostadil Methods. Certain side effects are common to all methods of alprostadil administration, although they may differ in severity depending on how the drug is given:
Studies have been inconclusive as to whether testosterone replacement therapy is helpful for men with erectile dysfunction. Men with hypogonadism (clearly low testosterone levels) may benefit, but men who have ED and normal testosterone levels are not likely to benefit from testosterone therapy. Before considering testosterone therapy, men should be sure their hormone levels have been measured correctly and accurately.
Forms of testosterone therapy include:
Side effects may include acne, breast enlargement, headache, and emotional instability. Testosterone therapy may increase the risk for the following serious side effects:
Vacuum erection devices, also called vacuum constriction devices, are another option for men with erectile dysfunction. They are available without prescription and have a high success rate, but are cumbersome and may be difficult to use for some men. They typically work as follows:
Lack of spontaneity is this method's major drawback. There are few side effects.
Penile implants are an option for men who cannot take medication or haven't been helped by less invasive treatments. In general, they work well in restoring sexual function, and men are usually satisfied with the results.
Two types of surgical implants are used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction:
Erectile tissue is permanently damaged when these devices are implanted, and these procedures are irreversible. Although uncommon, mechanical breakdown can occur, or the device can slip or bulge. In addition, a less than optimal quality of erection may result. Infection is a rare, but serious, complication.
In rare cases, penile vascular surgery may be considered as treatment for erectile dysfunction. Two types of operations are most commonly performed: revascularization (bypass) surgery, and venous ligation. Some insurance carriers consider these procedures experimental and will not pay for them.
According to the American Urologic Association, men who smoke or who have the following conditions are not candidates for penile vascular surgeries:
Revascularization. The revascularization procedure usually involves taking an artery from a leg and then surgically connecting it to the arteries at the back of the penis, bypassing the blockages and restoring blood flow. Penile arterial revascularization is appropriate only for young men (under age 45) who have blood vessel injury at the base of the pain that was caused by events such as blunt trauma or pelvic fracture.
Venous Ligation. Venous ligation is performed when the penis is unable to store a sufficient amount of blood to maintain an erection. This operation ties off or removes veins that are causing an excessive amount of blood to drain from the erection chambers. Long-term success rates for this procedure are less than 50 percent.
Arterial Stents. Doctors are investigating the use of drug-coated stents (similar to those used in angioplasty for heart blockages) for treating ED in patients who have not been helped by drug therapy. The stents are tiny, expandable metal mesh tubes that are implanted in an artery that provides blood flow to the penis. Preliminary studies have been promising, but only men with specific types of blood flow blockages caused by atherosclerosis are candidates for this procedure. These stents are currently only being studied in clinical trials. They have not yet been approved for ED treatment.
Because many cases of erectile dysfunction are due to reduced blood flow from blocked arteries, it is important to maintain the same healthy lifestyle habits used to prevent heart disease.
Diet. Everyone should eat a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and fiber and low in saturated fats and sodium. Because erectile dysfunction may be related to circulation problems, diets that benefit the heart are especially important.
Foods that some people claim to have qualities that enhance sexual drive include chilies, chocolate, scallops, oysters, olives, and anchovies. No evidence exists for these claims.
Weight Control. Being overweight can contribute to erectile dysfunction. Try to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Exercise. Regular exercise is helpful for weight control, stress reduction, and a healthy heart.
Alcohol and Smoking. Men who drink alcohol should do so in moderation. Quitting smoking is essential.
Staying sexually active may help prevent erectile dysfunction. Frequent erections stimulate blood flow to the penis.
If medications are causing ED, discuss with your doctor whether to change to a different medication or reduce the dosage.
Even if erectile dysfunction is caused by a physical problem, interpersonal, supportive, or behavioral therapy are often helpful for patients and their partners.
Generally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need FDA approval to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. There have been a number of reported cases of serious and even lethal side effects from herbal products. Patients should always check with their doctors before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements.
There is no evidence that any herbal product, vitamin, or dietary supplement can improve erections or sexual performance in men or women. Despite this, many herbs and dietary supplements are marketed as aphrodisiacs. Aphrodisiacs are substances that are claimed to increase sexual drive, performance, or desire. There are several special concerns for people taking alternative remedies for erectile dysfunction.
Yohimbe. Yohimbe is derived from the bark of a West African tree. Side effects include nausea, insomnia, nervousness, and dizziness. Large doses of yohimbe can increase blood pressure and heart rate and may cause kidney failure.
Viramax is a commercial product that contains yohimbine, the active chemical ingredient of yohimbe, and three other herbs: catuaba, muira puama, and maca. It has not been proven to be either effective or safe, and interactions with medications are unknown
Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL). GBL is found in products marketed for improving sexual function (such as Verve and Jolt). This substance can convert to a chemical that can cause toxic and life-threatening effects, including seizures and even coma.
Gingko Biloba. Although the risks for gingko biloba appear to be low, there is an increased risk for bleeding at high doses and interaction with vitamin E, anti-clotting medications, and aspirin and other NSAIDs. Large doses can cause convulsions. Commercial gingko preparations have also been reported to contain colchicine, a substance that can be harmful in people with kidney or liver problems.
L-arginine (also called arginine). Arginine may cause gastrointestinal problems. It can also lower blood pressure and change levels of certain chemicals and electrolytes in the body. It may increase the risk for bleeding. Some people have an allergic reaction to it, which in some cases may be severe. It may worsen asthma.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). DHEA is a supplement related to certain male and female hormones. Studies show inconclusive results in its treatment for erectile dysfunction. DHEA may interact dangerously with other medications.
Spanish Fly. Spanish fly, or cantharides, which is made from dried beetles, is the most widely-touted aphrodisiac but can be particularly harmful. It irritates the urinary and genital tract and can cause infection, scarring, and burning of the mouth and throat. In some cases, it can be life threatening. No one should try any aphrodisiac without consulting a doctor.
Other Dietary Supplements Marketed for Erectile Dysfunction. There are numerous products marketed as "all-natural" dietary supplements and promoted as treatments for erectile dysfunction and sexual enhancement. The FDA has not approved any of these products. In recent years, the FDA has banned from the market many of these dietary supplements and warns that they contain the same or similar chemical ingredients used in PDE5 inhibitor prescription drugs.
Babaei AR, Safarinejad MR, Kolahi AA. Penile revascularization for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and complications. Urol J. 2009 Winter;6(1):1-7.
Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Swerdloff RS, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2536-59.
Boloña ER, Uraga MV, Haddad RM, Tracz MJ, Sideras K, Kennedy CC, et al. Testosterone use in men with sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Jan;82(1):20-8.
Dong JY, Zhang YH, Qin LQ. Erectile dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Sep 20;58(13):1378-85.
Gupta BP, Murad MH, Clifton MM, Prokop L, Nehra A, Kopecky SL. The effect of lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk factor reduction on erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Nov 14;171(20):1797-803. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
Heidelbaugh JJ. Management of erectile dysfunction. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Feb 1;81(3):305-12.
Jena AB, Goldman DP, Kamdar A, Lakdawalla DN, Lu Y. Sexually transmitted diseases among users of erectile dysfunction drugs: analysis of claims data. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 6;153(1):1-7.
Lindau ST, Schumm LP, Laumann EO, Levinson W, O'Muircheartaigh CA, Waite LJ. A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 23;357(8):762-74.
McVary, K. T. Clinical practice. Erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec; 357(24): 2472-81.
Melnik T, Soares BG, Nasselo AG. Psychosocial interventions for erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD004825.
Miles CL, Candy B, Jones L, Williams R, Tookman A, King M. Interventions for sexual dysfunction following treatments for cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD005540.
Nehra A. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in men with both conditions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Feb;84(2):139-48.
Nehra A, Jackson G, Miner M, Billups KL, Burnett AL, Buvat J, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction for reduction of cardiovascular risk. J Urol. 2013 Jun;189(6):2031-8. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Prabhu V, Alukal JP, Laze J, Makarov DV, Lepor H. Long-term satisfaction and predictors of use of intracorporeal injections for post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):238-42. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
Rogers JH, Goldstein I, Kandzari DE, Köhler TS, Stinis CT, Wagner PJ, et al. Zotarolimus-eluting peripheral stents for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in subjects with suboptimal response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Dec 25;60(25):2618-27. Epub 2012 Nov 21.
Qaseem A, Snow V, Denberg TD, Casey DE Jr, Forciea MA, Owens DK, et al. Hormonal testing and pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Nov 3;151(9):639-49.
Selvin E, Burnett AL, Platz EA. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US. Am J Med. 2007 Feb;120(2):151-7.
Shamloul R, Ghanem H. Erectile dysfunction. Lancet. 2013 Jan 12;381(9861):153-65. Epub 2012 Oct 5.
Spitzer M, Basaria S, Travison TG, Davda MN, Paley A, et al. Effect of testosterone replacement on response to sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction: a parallel, randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Nov 20;157(10):681-91.
Tsertsvadze A, Fink HA, Yazdi F, MacDonald R, Bella AJ, Ansari MT, et al. Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatments for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Nov 3;151(9):650-61.
Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F, Fink HA, MacDonald R, Wilt TJ, Bella AJ, et al. Oral sildenafil citrate (viagra) for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of harms. Urology. 2009 Oct;74(4):831-836.e8. Epub 2009 Jul 9.
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This fall I'm teaching Introduction to Theology at United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities. Over the past decade, I've taught about a dozen different courses at half-a-dozen different schools. I'll say that halfway into the semester, this is one of my favorites. I've been loving the task of introducing incoming seminary students to the richness of the theological task.
Having queried existing students at UTS about their experiences, I got the sense that they were well versed on contemporary contextual theologies (feminist, black, liberation, queer), but maybe weren't so informed about the overall landscape of theology. Mine is a hybrid course — meeting half online and half in-person, with three all-day sessions, separated by a month. That meant that the course naturally divided itself into three parts.
Traditionally, those three parts would have been trinitarian in nature, encompassing what seminary profs like to consider the three volumes of the theological encyclopedia. When I took my three required classes in systematic theology at Fuller Theological Seminary back in the day, they broke down along these very lines: [Read more…]


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Historical Perspectives
Iranian Doublespeak (WEEKLY STANDARD) BY THOMAS JOSCELYN / Blog 04/18/12)
Source: http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/iranian-doublespeak_640378.html
WEEKLY STANDARD Articles-Index-Top
A key feature of the negotiations with the Iranians over their nuclear program is doublespeak. To be more precise, youll notice that Iranian officials offer different accounts of what they are--and are not--willing to consider. Moreover, the meaning behind their words is often left obscure.
Irans foreign minister, Ali Akbar Salehi, said Monday: If the West wants to take confidence-building measures it should start in the field of sanctions because this action can speed up the process of negotiations reaching results.
If there is goodwill, one can pass through this process very easily and we are ready to resolve all issues very quickly and simply and even in the Baghdad meeting in May, Salehi continued.
Sounds encouraging, right? (The Reuters account these quotations were taken from is titled, Iran says ready to resolve nuclear issues.)
The problem is that Irans chief negotiator, Saeed Jalili, rejected the possibility of trading nuclear concessions for an easing of sanctions just two days before. Jalili said that suspending Iran´s nuclear activities in return for the removal of sanctions is a literature which belongs to the past.
And Salehis comments, as noted by Reuters, left it unclear as to whether he was suggesting the lifting of sanctions prior to Iran taking steps to reassure the West over its nuclear activities. The Obama administration has said that would not be acceptable.
So Salehi could easily be putting the cart before the horse.
According to Reuters, Salehi also hinted that Iran could make concessions on its higher-grade uranium enrichment. This is the issue of Irans 20-percent purity uranium, which gets Iran much closer to weapons-grade uranium.
Prior to Salehis comments, which merely hinted at the possibility of Iran giving up the 20-percent enriched uranium, two Iranian officials said they would not even entertain this idea. The Fars News Agency reported that the aforementioned Jalili rejected a suspension of Irans 20-percent uranium enrichment after this weekends talks had concluded. The head of Iran´s Atomic Energy Organization, Fereydoon Abbasi Davani, also rejected the Obama administrations demands as irrational earlier this month. Davani said that Iran would not shutter the Fordo enrichment facility, which is built into the side of a mountain on an Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps base, and would continue to enrich uranium to 20 percent purity. Those are the two key goals put forth by the Obama administration for the talks.
We are left with at least three possibilities.
Possibility #1: The Iranians dont have the foggiest idea what they are willing to give up, or the price they would demand for such concessions. This is unlikely given that theyve had plenty of time to prepare for the talks.
Possibility #2: There is internal dissent within the Iranian regime and some are willing to compromise on the Obama administrations two demands while others are not. This is a possibility, but the man doing the actual negotiating has thus far decided to side with those who are unwilling to compromise. And Salehis comments are soft enough that they cant be read as a sign of firm dissent.
Possibility #3: The Iranians are employing doublespeak. Salehis comments are intended to muddy the waters just enough to make it appear as if the Iranians are willing to reach a meaningful compromise when they really are not.
Given the Iranians track record, possibility #3 seems likeliest. But time will tell.
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Leisher's newest mock, for entertainment purposes.
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Joined: 05 Sep 2006
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Posted: Thu Dec 27, 2012 11:14 pm
Post subject: Leisher's newest mock, for entertainment purposes.
****Warning, this mock is for entertainment purposes only. I am not a Pro scout, nor do I claim to have insider information like some claim. So, if your not willing to be open minded and you think you have all the answers, then don't bother to read this mock.********
I get my information from reading other web-sites and placing a player with what I think fits the Packers systems into my drafts.
Remember, when you draft good players it is very possible that good players might be released. As of this mock, I haven't heard any positive or negitive reports on Quarless, Bulaga and Sherrod.
So, this is how I see the Packers needs, OL, RB, WR, DL, TE and DBs.
So, this is only a draft. No 53 man roster, cuts, releases, or resigns.
1st rd (#25-32) I have 3 names, Terrance Williams WR, Barrett Jones OL and Eric Fisher OL. It only makes sense to me with the injuries and lack of depth at center to take (BARRETT JONES OL ALABAMA). He can play any spot on the OL. We are not sure whether Saturday, Bulaga or Sherrod will be ready or with the team next year.
2nd rd (#57-64) The 3 names I got for this pick are Cordarrelle Patterson WR, Chase Thomas OLB/ILB and Sylvester Williams NT.
As much as we need a WR, I went with (CHASE THOMAS LB Stanford).
He playes inside or out and has a high football IQ. Darn good pass rusher and has a knack for causing turnovers. Again, unsure on what Smith, Bishop and Perry will bring to the table next season. Jones has played very well and deserves a spot. Bishop or Smith could be this years Nick Barnett. You can't keep everyone, maybe even Zombo.
3rd rd (#89-96) Only one name stood out at me, and he fills a big need.
(STEPFAN TAYLOR RB Stanford) Fits the Packers one cut running style and can catch the ball out of the backfield and holds up as a blocker. I think Taylor, Green and Harris will be the main 3 RBs. #4 could be Johnny White or a veteran like Grant or Benson. I would prefer Grant over Benson.
4th rd (#121-128) Here is where we get our WR to replace Jennings and Driver. Although, I think it is possible for Jennings to be tagged and given a year to prove he is over the injury bug. Joining Cobb, Nelson, Jones and Boykins in WR corps is (STEDMAN BAILEY W.Virginia). Smart route runner with excellent hand/eye coordination and natural hand catcher. So, if Jennings stays this allows Bailey a year to get adjusted to the Packers system.
Comp pick (Flynn) DL help is needed, someone athletic and versatile, being able to play any DL spot. (ABRY JONES DL Georgia), plays with quickness, balance and power. Has good movement, and could add some positive weight to play NT.
5th rd (#153-160) Everyone is talking about cutting Finley or Quarless. One of the two has to stay, other then that I see Crabtree and Taylor as locks. So, this pick I go with (RYAN OTTEN TE San Jose St.). Big, athletic catching TE. Blocking needs some work. Finley or Quarless, you decide and Otten, Crabtree and Taylor as our TE.
6th rd (#185-192) I bet the Raiders take him higher, but the rankings I read has him at this spot. (TYRANN MATTIEU S/CB/RS LSU), big play-maker ability as a DB and RS. I know his off field problems scare some, but what better place to focus on football then Green Bay. Little risk in the 6th rd, with possible high rewards if he gets his life together. Some of you experts will laugh, but I think he could fill Woodson's role and with Woodson's tutoring could be a steal.
7th rd (#217-223) (JORDAN KOVAS SS Michigan), ST stud that replaces Bush. He's a savvy defender and has a nose for the football. Masters the lanes and angles and play aggressivily.
Now, I read up on Zach Brown K Portland St. Set school records and has a big time leg that can kick FGs from 50+ yards. I could see TT bring in someone to challenge Crosby and even beat out the veteran.
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Thanks for the tutorial. I'm going to give this a shot.
As far as Tor not being useful, etc. Not sure who knows what, but tor was built off the onion network which was a secret project of the US Navy about 10 years ago to allow other citizens of other countries to get information from the outside world.
I would say it's very good as long as you're not a huge target.
I would like to know what people use that is better.
Short of planting proxies...


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Arun Alice and Shadowland Polly are registered Coloured Ryeland Ewes. Polly is six and has lambed ...
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Various Jacob and Jacob cross ewes with lambs at foot for sale. Pedigree Jacob ram also avaiable.
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text:
The Essential JFK Books
Oswald's Tale
By Norman Mailer
One of the rare books by Norman Mailer that got good reviews and sold poorly. British critics were more enthusiastic than their American counterparts. Mailer's attempt to make Oswald if not sympathetic at least human did appall many on this side of the Atlantic. But Andrew O'Hagan praised Mailer's fictional account of "Oswald's struggle to become a man—to become an important and effective male character—as the foundation of much of his adult distress …" Allen Massie found Mailer's Oswald, "both likeable and repulsive; to be pitied and feared. He is in many ways … like the young Hitler revealed in Mein Kampf."
Mailer disappointed numerous conspiracy theorists by coming to the conclusion that, as Mailer's biographer J. Michael Lennon put it, Mailer chose "no conspiracy, and a complex Oswald; a man dealt a bad hand, in no way heroic, but bold, idealistic in a twisted way, and sympathetic."
Thomas Powers spoke for many American critics in the New York Times Book Review, where he wrote, "I admire Mailer for his effort to understand Oswald, but at some level I feel invited to place a sympathetic arm around the killer's shoulder. I'm not about to do it." Nonetheless, most rank Mailer's foray into Kennedy assassination lit second only to Don DeLillo's.
Dallas 1963
By Bill Minutaglio and Steven L. Davis
You might think that fifty years after JFK's death there is nothing new to be written about the most shocking American murder since Lincoln's assassination. Minutaglio and Davis have mined fresh material from the city of Dallas as it was half a century ago, a world creates by such leading citizens as billionaire oil baron H.L. Hunt, who was rumored to have produced more oil during World War II than all the Axis powerscombined; Stanley Marcus, a Harvard educated marketing genius who, it was said, "brought mink coats to Texas;" and Edwin A. Walker, a flamboyant and controversial infantry commander who believed that America's leading journalists—Walter Lippman, Edward R. Murrow, and Eric Savareid—were "convinced Communists."
The leader of the country's largest Baptist congregation and rock bed segregationist. W. A. Criswell, who "surrounds things in Biblical inviolability;" and publisher of the Dallas Morning News, Ted Dealey, the self-proclaimed protector of "old Dallas" and of "the Dallas way of doing things." (His family name lives in infamy as it adorns the plaza where Kennedy was shot.)
These and many others just as extreme helped create an atmosphere rife with emotion and looking for an event to give focus to their passions. A month before Kennedy was shot, Adlai Stevenson, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, was assaulted in Dallas. In retrospect it's easy to see why so many warned JFK not to go to Dallas; the toxic mix of radical ideologies now make the assassination seem almost inevitable and explains, perhaps for the first time, the environment that spawned a plethora of conspiracy theories.
By Don DeLillo
In an author's note at the end of Libra, Don DeLillo writes that he has made "No attempt to furnish factual answers to any questions raised by the assassination." In other words, this is a novel and does purport to solve any of the myriad mysteries surrounding the killing of JFK. But as a novel, Libra can go places where fact cannot go.
Published close to the 25th anniversary of the assassination, DeLillo, starting from the know facts available from the Warren Commission's report, court records and newspaper and magazine investigations, creates interior voices for the principal characters. He arrives at an explanation for the killing of the President far different from the official one presented by the Warren Commission, but one which ultimately depend on conspiracy.
Anne Tyler, reviewing Libra for the New York Times, wrote, "Lee Harvey Oswald has always seemed both much-too-familiar (his rabbity, weak-jawed face staring out of the grimmer sections of every city in America) and endlessly mysterious. To Mr. DeLillo's credit, that ambiguity is kept alive in Libra. It may even be heightened, because the portrait is so intimate—Oswald washing dishes, Oswald playing with his baby, Oswald cuffing his wife—and he still manages from time to time to surprise us. Oswald is a loser, a loner, pathetic and self-aggrandizing, one of those people who seize crazily upon the significance of every insignificant coincidence …"
Libra, then, is a painstakingly in-depth portrait of a shallow man who changed the world and the chaos that followed in his wake.
Read The Full Article On The Daily Beast
More articles from The Daily Beast:
- Gen. John Allen Praises the Terms of New U.S.-Afghanistan Agreement
- Oprah Winfrey Makes Mild Race Comment, Fox News Backlash Ensues
- Walmart and McDonald's, Out and Proud as Corporate Scrooges
© 2013 Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC


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Understanding Treatment-seeking behavior
*Ishikawa, R., Cardemil, E.V., & Falmagne, R. (2010). Help-seeking and help-receiving for emotional distress among Latino men and women. Qualitative Health Research, 20, 1558-72.
Cardemil, E.V., Adams, S.T., Calista, J.L., Connell, J., Encarnación, J., Esparza, N.K., Frohock, J., Hicks, E., *Kim, S., Kokernak, G., McGrenra, M., Mestre, R., Pérez, M., *Pinedo, T.M., Quagan, R., Rivera, C., Taucer, P., & Wang, E. (2007). The Latino Mental Health Project: A local mental health needs assessment. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 34, 331-341.
Sociocultural Influences on Psychological Processes
*Pollastri, A. R., Cardemil, E. V., & *O'Donnell, E. H. (2010). Self-esteem in pure bullies and bully/victims: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 1489-1502.
*O'Donnell, E.H., +Moreau, M., Cardemil, E.V., & *Pollastri, A. (2010). Interparental conflict, parenting, and childhood depression: The role of general cognitive style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 12-22.
*Davidson, T.M., & Cardemil, E.V. (2009). Parent-child communication and parental involvement in Latino adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 99-121.
*Sarmiento, I., & Cardemil, E.V. (2009). Family functioning and depression in low-income Latino couples. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35, 432–445.
Examining the Role of Culture in Psychotherapy
Cardemil, E.V., *Moreno, O., & *Sanchez, M. (2011). One size does not fit all: Cultural considerations in evidence-based practice for depression. In C. Beevers, D. Springer, and A. Rubin (Eds.), Treatment of Depression in Adolescents and Adults: Clinician's Guide to Evidence-Based Practice (pp. 221-243). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
Cardemil, E.V. (2010). Cultural adaptations to empirically supported treatments: A research agenda. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 7, 8-21.
Cardemil, E.V. (2010). The complexity of culture: Do we embrace the challenge or avoid it? The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 7, 41-47.
Cardemil, E.V., & *Sarmiento, I. (2009). Clinical approaches to working with Latino adults. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. Cabrera, & T.J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of Latino Psychology (pp. 329-345). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cardemil, E.V. (2008). Culturally sensitive treatments: Need for an organizing framework. Culture and Psychology, 14, 357-367.
Cardemil, E.V. & Battle, C. (2003). Guess who's coming to therapy? Getting comfortable with conversations about race and ethnicity in psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 34, 278-286.
Depression Prevention
Cardemil, E.V., *Kim, S., *Davidson, T.M., *Sarmiento, I., *Ishikawa, R., *Sanchez, M., & *Torres, S. (2010). Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: Opportunities and challenges. Special issue of Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 17, 188-197.
Cardemil, E.V., *Kim, S., *Pinedo, T.M., & Miller, I.W. (2005). Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: The Family Coping Skills Program. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11, 99-112.
Cardemil, E.V., Reivich, K.J., Beevers, C.G., Seligman, M.E.P., & James, J. (2007). The prevention of depressive symptoms in inner-city middle school students: 2 year follow-up. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 313-327.
Cardemil, E. V., Reivich, K. J., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). The prevention of depressive symptoms in low-income minority middle-school students. Prevention & Treatment, 5, Article 8.
Cardemil, E.V. (2002). Preventing paralysis in culture-based research: negotiating obstacles. Prevention & Treatment, 5, Article 14.
Contact Information
Mental health, culture, and community research program
Esteban Cardemil, Ph.D.
Clark University
950 Main Street
Worcester, MA 01610 508-793-7264


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Enter your username, primary email, or secondary email.
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Your USAJOBS session will expire due to inactivity in three minutes.
Any unsaved data will be lost if you allow the session to expire.
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Separate names with a comma.
Desktop Amps item created by jacksonchansf, Jul 5, 2012
Pros - great performance in a tiny form factor
Cons - none
A full review here, including the S-X speakers and W-1 subwoofer and LPS power supply:
Summary: The Icon2 is a great all-in-one device. It has a usb dac, analog inputs, headphone output, speaker output, and subwoofer out. It does all that in something the size of a book.
The only downside is that Nuforce has released several other products with reduced funcationality but likewise reduced cost. If you don't need all the bells and whistles, you can get the same level of performance for cheaper from the very same company.


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Snyder Named Bobby Dodd National Coach of the Year
Snyder Named Bobby Dodd National Coach of the Year
Dec. 31, 2012
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. – For the fifth time in his career, Kansas State's Bill Snyder has been named national coach of the year as the legendary head coach earned the prestigious 2012 Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award Monday, the foundation announced during halftime of the Chick-fil-A Bowl.
The annual Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year presented by the Chick-fil-A Bowl winner is determined by a vote from all previous winners of the award, plus a vote from a blue-ribbon panel made up from the "who's who" in college football.
"The entire K-State family congratulates Coach Snyder on being named the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year," said Athletics Director John Currie. "What makes this award even more special is its focus on character and academic excellence, in addition to a team's success on the field, and Coach Snyder is the epitome of those values."
Predicted to finish sixth in the Big 12 prior to the season, the Wildcats tallied an 11-1 record, including an 8-1 mark in Big 12 play to capture the school's third conference championship and first since 2003. Snyder guided Kansas State to its seventh 11-win season, but only the second 11-win regular season (1998).
In addition being named the 2012 Big 12 Coach of the Year by both the Associated Press and his fellow coaches, Snyder was also named a finalist for the Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award for the second straight season as well as being a finalist for the Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award and a semifinalist for the Maxwell Coach of the Year Award. The legendary coach was also the 1998 recipient of the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award.
Snyder led K-State to a school-record six wins against ranked opponents in 2012, including its conference-championship clinching victory over No. 18 Texas. Additionally, the Wildcats obtained their first-ever No. 1 ranking the BCS standings earlier this year.
Named the 32nd head football coach at K-State on November 30, 1988, and again as the 34th on November 24, 2008, Snyder has amassed a 170-84-1 (.669) record during his tenure with the Wildcats, including an 97-65-1 (.598) mark in Big 8/12 games. His 170 victories are the 11th-most among active FBS coaches and are more than triple the man in second place on K-State's all-time coaching victories list.
The Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award was established in 1976 to honor the NCAA Division 1 football coach whose program represents the highest ideals on and off the field. The Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award honors the coach of a team which enjoys a successful football season, while also stressing the importance of academic excellence and character, as did Coach Dodd's teams during his 22 years as head football coach of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.
The formal presentation of the 2012 Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award presented by the Chick-fil-A Bowl to Coach Snyder will be made on the Kansas State University campus later this spring.
No. 5 Kansas State faces fourth-ranked Oregon (11-1, 8-1 Pac-12) in the 2013 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl on January 3, in Glendale, Ariz. The game will kick off at 7:30 p.m. (CT) at University of Phoenix Stadium and will be televised by ESPN.


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Discover a selection of top forums frenetic riders on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums frenetic riders and meet other fans of frenetic riders. Then, why don't you create your own forum of frenetic riders ?
ATV's & UTVS. Cumberland ATV Riders. Atv's Utv's. Cumberland ATV Riders. Cumberland Mudders. ATV in Tennessee.
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Welcome to the guild forum, here we will post events, news, guides, etc. All you need to know about the game
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Pneumothorax - infantsAir leak syndrome
Pneumothorax is the collection of air or gas in the space inside the chest around the lungs, which leads to a lung collapse.
This article discusses pneumothorax in infants.
For information about pneumothorax in older children and adults, see: Pneumothorax
A pneumothorax occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in a baby's lung burst, leaking air into the space between the lung and chest wall (pleural space).
The most common cause of pneumothorax is respiratory distress syndrome, which occurs in babies who are born too early (premature).
- Because the baby's lungs lackthe slippery substance (surfactant) that helps them stay open, the tiny air sacs are not able to expand as easily.
- If the baby is put on a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator), there is extra pressure on the baby's lungs, which can sometimes burst the air sacs.
Meconium aspiration syndrome is another cause of pneumothorax in newborns. As the baby is being born, he or she may breathe in the first bowel movement, called meconium. This may cause breathing problems and the need for a breathing machine.
Less commonly, an otherwise healthy baby can develop an air leak when he or she takes the first few breaths after birth. This occurs because of the pressure needed to expand the lungs for the first time.
Pneumothorax is more common in boys than girls.
Many infants with pneumothorax do not have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Bluish skin color (cyanosis)
- Fast breathing
- Flaring of the nostrils
- Grunting with breathing
- Irritability
- Restlessness
- Use of other chest and abdominal muscles to aid breathing (retractions)
Exams and Tests
The nurses and doctors may have difficulty hearing breath sounds when listening to the infant's lungs with a stethoscope. The heart or lung sounds may seem as if they are coming from a different part of the chest than normal.
Tests for pneumothorax include:
- Chest x-ray
- Light probe placed against the baby's chest, also known as "transillumination" (pockets of air will show up as lighter areas)
Babies without symptoms may not need treatment. The health care team will monitor your baby's breathing, heart rate, oxygen level, and skin color.
If your baby is having symptoms, the doctor will place a needle or thin tube called a catheter into the baby's chest to remove the air that has leaked into the chest space.
Treatment can last for a few days to a few weeks.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Some air leaks will go away within a few days without treatment. Infants who are treated by removing the air with a needle or catheter usually do well after treatment.
Possible Complications
Although babies on breathing machines are carefully watched, air leaks can occur.
As air builds up in the chest, it can push the heart toward the other side of the chest. This puts pressure on both the lung that hasn't collapsed and the heart. This condition is called tension pneumothorax. It is a medical emergency.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Often pneumothorax is discovered shortly after the baby is born. Call your health care provider if your infant has symptoms of pneumothorax.
The health care providers in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) should watch your infant carefully for signs of an air leak.
Dudell GG, Stoll BJ. Respiratory tract disorders. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011.
Hermansen CL, Lorah KN. Respiratory distress in the newborn. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:987-994.
Review Date: 1/27/2012
Reviewed By: Kimberly G. Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.


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Topic: I'm not a Shaman, but.....
I'm going to a sacred place and i will send out a prayer of good health and happiness to all the CC family. My husband and i are going on a 3 week river trip down the Grand Canyon- one of the Seven natural wonders of the world!
We leave this morning to drive to AZ. I will be thinking of everyone and wish you a great october.