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In Honor by Jessi Kirby
A few days after her brother dies in Iraq, Honor receives a letter from him along with concert tickets. The concert is in California, so she takes off from Texas along with her brother's best friend. During the road trip, she learns more about her brother and deals with her guilt and grief over his passing.
- nb


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Maria - from Doral, FL
If you have just rolled and cut out the fondant, so it's still pliable, you can brush the back of the cutout with a small amount of water, then stick it to the cake. If it is a decoration that you've dried overnight or longer, fondant adhesive (fondant mixed with water) is a better choice. Simply add a small amount of water to a small piece of fondant and stir until mixed together. You want the fondant adhesive to be like thick glue consistency, so add additional water or fondant as needed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Williams' Career Performance Not Enough For BCJanuary 15, 2014
JEFFERSON CITY, Tenn.- The Carson-Newman Eagles (9-4, 7-2 SAC) handed the Brevard College women's basketball team (4-9, 3-6 SAC) a 105-82 loss in Holt Fieldhouse on Wednesday night despite a career-high 31 points from Katie Williams.
The sophomore went 9-for-17 from the field and 10-for-11 from the foul line while grabbing four rebounds and dishing two assists. Williams continues her offensive tear as she shattered her previous career high of 20 points, which she set in Saturday's win over Catawba.
After the Eagles jumped out to an early double-digit lead to start the game, BC scored seven straight points to trim their deficit to seven with 6:42 left in the opening half.
Clinging to a 32-25 advantage, the Eagles were able to push the margin up to 16 before settling for a 50-37 lead at the half.
BC again shaved their deficit to single digits to open the second half before a Carson-Newman run pushed their lead to 20 at the 13:15 mark. BC was unable to cut the Eagles lead below 14 for the rest of the contest.
Shelby Wolfe and Madison Lenox also both finished in double figures for the Tornados, tallying 14 and 13 points, respectively. Wolfe also grabbed a game-high nine rebounds for BC.
Taylor Peterson paced the Eagles with 20 points off the bench for Carson-Newman, going 7-for-10 from the floor and adding six points from the free throw line. Three other Eagles scored in double figures as Tatum Burstrom had 17 points, Kaitlyn Cupples finished with 14 and Chante Markus added 13.
The Tornados look to rebound on Saturday afternoon as they visit the Newberry Wolves for a 2 p.m. tipoff from Eleazer Arena.


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Report: Miley Cyrus & Kanye West collaborate for 'Black Skinhead' remix
Listen to Miley Cyrus on iHeartRadio | Listen to Kanye West on iHeartRadio
Miley Cyrus has already made songs with hip-hop artists such as Snoop Lion and Wiz Khalifa, and now she may be teaming up with Kanye West.
According to "Us Weekly," a source says that the two ditched after-parties for Sunday's MTV Video Music Awards in New York City to produce a remix of Kanye's hit "Black Skinhead."
The insider claims that 'Ye was in a "creative mood" following the VMAs. He decided to record the remix that night to "capture their energy."
A possible Miley and Kanye collaboration may not end with the supposed "Black Skinhead" remix. The source claims that the pair also "messed around with other tracks."
Photo Credit Getty Images


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did you try "ifconfig eth0 up" ?
I have BT3 installed on VMware. I am trying to get my eth0 set up to run on my local network so I can use BT3 to work on pentesting my other two comps.
My localnetwork is setup as 192.168.1.1 as the gateway but BT3 on VMware keeps assigning me 192.168.196.0 as my default gateway. I tried changing the nic properties in VMX builder from NAT to BRIDGE, and it actually assigns the local networks info, but with no connectivity. I cant even ping the gateway. Back on my regular desktop (WINXP PRO) I ran ipconfig and it still has the VM nic assigned as 192.168.196.1. I logged into my router and it shows the VM nic as present on my DHCP tables.
How do I need to configure this so my VM runs on the same subnet as the rest of my PCs?
did you try "ifconfig eth0 up" ?
There's no fate but what we make for ourselves.
-I already know I cant spel-
EDIT: Ah, should have read further (sorry, no sleep or food in a long while). I don't think subnetting is your problem. But if you are getting a bad gateway, you may need to change the IP settings manually. See if there is an option in VMware, or in the connection properties of the virtual network connection. I'm afraid mine worked out of the box, so I haven't had to resolve this issue. I am not certain of the konsole command to change the IP, but a quick google can get you there.
__________________________________________________ __________
What setting did you use for networking? NAT? Also, you may have to bridge your connections. To do this, go into control panel > network connections and highlight your virtual NIC and your real NIC, then right click and select "bridge."
Hope that helps.
Hi and excuse my english ...
I don't know if I can help you. I use vmware on ubuntu with NAT (vmnet8). My gateway (on vmnet8) is 192.168.137.2. All vm have ip from 192.168.137.128 to 192.168.137.254 and DNS is that my ISP. I don't use DHCP. I think you should set the ip of each your vm into range 192.168.190.128/254 (is the WinXP that BT3).
bye and excuse again my english :P


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The Ares Project is looking for C++ developers and 3D/2D/sound artists! Ares is a new ambitious project managed by Jorrit Tyberghein. The project is divided in three parts:
- A Game Editor called AresEd. This will be the tool that the game designer(s) can use to make games. It is going to be a general tool so it is useful for more then just Ares. This tool is currently already functioning but a lot of work is still needed to make it really usable.
- A Game Player that will be able to play games made with AresEd. This tool will be heavily based on CEL. Most of the game logic and coding has already been done on this part of the project.
- An actual game based on the above tools. Check out the Ares Project page to learn more about this game!


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The Ontario Genealogical Society Library holds over 3,500 donated family histories, which form a part of our catalogued book collection. Our goal is to collect a history of every family with roots in Ontario. A number of the current family histories have already been digitized and will be added to our e-Library. This will ensure that the histories are never lost and make them more accessible to researchers both locally and worldwide.
If your family history involves Ontario, and you have turned your research into a book, we would love to have a copy.
We collect family histories exhaustively and have no specific requirements in order to accept yours, but if you are looking for some guidance, here are some guidelines to consider when preparing to submit your family history to us.
Canadian copyright law permits researchers to make copies of portions of your work for research purposes and permits OGS to make one copy of this work for preservation purposes.
OGS Library
Ontario Genealogical Society
102-40 Orchard View Boulevard
Toronto, ON M4R 1B9
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Provincial Office


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Crayola® Dry-Erase Markers (Set of 8)
Crayola • Product is No Longer Available • 62367
Crayola® Dry-Erase Broad Chisel Tip Dry Erase Markers are perfect for students, teachers and the classroom, with all the brilliant color and quality you expect from Crayola®. They are low odor -- great for use by a classroom full of students and work on all standard whiteboard surfaces. Easy erase.


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Photo by BOB ROSSITER Nancy Cott, Harvard professor and authority on women's history, gives the keynote address Monday at a National First Ladies' Library symposium discussing the roles of wives of presidents.
Tuesday, March 14, 2006BY Gary BrownREPOSITORY LIVINGSECTION EDITORRead Entire Article...
Ladies First at Symposium on White House History Monday, March 13, 2006 Historians and authors from around the country have gathered at the National First Ladies' Library in Canton. The assembled experts came to Northeast Ohio for the first-ever conference on presidential wives and their role in women's history.
WKSU's Daniel Hockensmith reports:Windows MediaRadio interview conducted Monday, March 13, 2006 Courtesy of 89.7 WKSU


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Wendy Williams Disses Kim Kardashian [WATCH]
We love Wendy Williams! She is predicting that Kim Kardashian and Kanye West will break up 30 seconds after the baby is born!
Recently on Bravo's "Watch What Happens Live" with Andy Cohen she was asked what kind of mom will Kim be.
Wendy responded, "What kind of mom will she be? A single mom! They'll break-up 30 seconds after the baby is born."


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You are Here:
/ Volunteers Gallery
Earth Team volunteers donated over 950 hours in FY2015!
Meet some of our Earth Team Volunteers!
Ten NRCS NJ Earth Team volunteers helped staff the 2015 NJ Envirothon.
New Jersey volunteers nationally recognized for their valuable work
Amanda Curry, a Florida State University student, won the National Individual Volunteer Award for her work assisting the Frenchtown Service Center and four additional offices with a wide range of conservation work in both the field and office throughout the summer.
Left: Amanda with bog turtle
Right: Amanda with NRCS Engineer Linda Peterson doing field survey
The 15 volunteers who assisted with the Subaqueous Soil Survey of Barnegat Bay won the National Group Volunteer Award for the many hours they spent on the water and in the lab retrieving and documenting soil samples of the bottom sediments of the bay. The subaqueous soil survey will help to inform crucial restoration decisions made by local stakeholders.
Rob Tunstead, the NRCS soil scientist who led the Subaqueous Soil Survey group, won the New Jersey NRCS Employee Earth Team Award.
Top photos, left to right: Volunteers Brian Nestor, Ruth Anderson, Kristy Northrup, Jennifer Nale, Ryan Sullivan, Clint Lehman. Bottom photo: NRCS Soil Scientists Rob Tunstead (in the water) Susan Demas, Edwin Muñiz, with volunteer Chris Adams at the helm collecting data in Barnegat Bay.
In FY2014 NJ NRCS Earth Team Volunteers donated over 1,400 hours.
Daniel Schlupp - computer whiz with a passion for getting conservation on the ground
NRCS Press Release: Volunteers Play Important Role in Conservation in New Jersey - Celebrating National Volunteer Week, April 6-13, 2014
NRCS and Earth Team's David Steinmann helped a Springfield Township farmer re-position irrigation flow meter to improve accuracy of the farm's irrigation system.
Colleen Earp, recipient of the 2013 NJ Outstanding Individual Volunteer Award, assisted with soil survey work, and she also helped at the New Jersey Envirothon.
Earth Team volunteer Joe Cherichello worked with NRCS employees to plant beach grass to help replenish an area impacted by Sandy. Joe frequently helps the Columbus field staff with survey work.
Earth Team volunteer Clint Lehman assisted with the Barnegat Bay Subaqueous Soil Survey.
NRCS Earth Team volunteer Ryan Sullivan ran trace metal analysis on samples from the Barnegat Bay at the NRCS soil lab for the subaqueous soil survey.
Thirteen volunteers helped with the Barnegat Bay Subaqueous Soil Survey. They were selected for New Jersey's Outstanding Group Volunteer Award for 2013.
Paige McMahon was recruited to join the Earth Team by NRCS employee Steve Hancock (recently retired) when she was working at a local nursery. Paige has been volunteering in the Vineland office since September, 2011, and has been able to use her volunteer hours to fulfill the required internship associated with her studies at Cumberland County College. Paige works for NRCS as a WAE (Work As Employed) employee when the budget allows, but continues to volunteer two days per week. A native of Cumberland County, Paige enjoys working with local farmers that she knows, and is enjoying meeting farmers in Atlantic and Cape May Counties.
Paige is ready for any assignment. Whether assisting Agricultural Resource Specialist Scott Boyer with field inspections, or independently inspecting Cover Crop plantings and Seasonal High Tunnel installations for various Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) contracts, she is a valuable member of the Vineland NRCS team.
Colleen Earp was awarded the New Jersey's Outstanding Individual Volunteer Award for 2013 for her work assisting soil scientist Fred Schoenagel with many soil survey and educational projects.
I joined the Earth Team about a year ago to gain more experience in conservation fieldwork while looking for full-time work after grad school. With a background in Geography, I only knew that I wanted to help the environment for a living, but wasn't really sure how to do that. I was immediately met with a lot of great ideas and opportunities. What started as helping one office with occasional conservation planning and clerical work became an awesome adventure in over 200 hours of greatly varied fieldwork through four different offices (so far!). It's been really exciting to see so many different places and practices.
I started in New Jersey's Freehold Service Center. I went with the staff for many conservation planning meetings, helping with surveys, mapping and GIS, and spot checks. I occasionally visited the Columbus Service Center to gain experience with engineering surveys. New Jersey has so much diversity in such a small area, so I was already exposed to a wide variety of projects focused on drainage, irrigation, cover crops, wetlands rehabilitation and wildlife habitats. It's been very interesting to see the different environments and how conservation practices are adjusted to accommodate them.
In the fall, I was working in northern New Jersey a few days a week, so I decided to call the Hackettstown Service Center to continue my volunteering. I was taking a soil science course at the time, so I got involved with soil investigations all over northern New Jersey, including rural and urban environments. This has really helped me create a broader foundation (literally!) for understanding conservation issues. I've been able to help with soil evaluations as well as some outreach, helping lead a fieldtrip for college students and proctor the upcoming Envirothon.
After exploring conservation all over New Jersey, I found myself in Arizona for a few months, so what did I do? Found my nearest NRCS office! Through the Kingman Field Office, I was able to see a completely different side of conservation in the desert of northwestern Arizona. It was certainly eye-opening to see how farming, ranching and conservation take place in such an arid environment, especially compared to the practices I've become familiar with in New Jersey. I assisted with Natural Resource Inventory and learned about the desert's biodiversity. I also helped with surveying on reservation land to prevent erosion of the dry, sandy ground under the rare but heavy rainfall. I mostly assisted with rangeland management projects, spot checking invasive species control and fencing projects.
NRCS hosted three students from Rutgers University in conjunction with a student mentoring program created at the university. The program is called SCOPE (Science Career Orientation and Professional Externship). This program aims to assist minority students who are in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics majors of study and who are part of the Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program. This program is proving to be a great way to help expose minority students to potential career opportunities with NRCS.
Erin Bice, a Rutgers Alumnae, learned about SCOPE and presented it to the Civil Rights Advisory Committee as a possible opportunity for outreach. The Committee encouraged Erin to contact the program director, and before long she had met three students who were interested in shadowing NRCS employees for two days. Laura Coover, NRCS Volunteer Coordinator, helped Erin sign up all three students as Earth Team volunteers, and they were ready to see the NRCS planning process in action! Erin hopes this partnership might continue with Rutgers and become a model for other universities.
Special thanks to the 17 NRCS employees that have helped with the program so far.
It may have taken 19 years for Loren Muldowney to become a Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) employee, but in her mind it was worth the wait! Muldowney became employed by NRCS Marshall, Minnesota Area Office in 2011 as a Water Quality Specialist. A career with NRCS is something she had long desired and her dream finally came true!
While Muldowney was attending Graduate School in 1992 at Rutgers, an NRCS employee at a career event encouraged her to include enough soil course work to qualify as a soil scientist for the (then) Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Muldowney followed this advice and took the necessary course work, becoming increasingly interested the more she learned.
To further explore career work as a soil scientist, Muldowney became an Earth Team volunteer, and spent one day a week in the New Jersey State Office under the supervision of NJ State Soil Scientist Ron Taylor (now retired). Her work duties that summer included manually digitizing soils information among a variety of other tasks.
Muldowney credits her Earth Team supervisor and other NRCS employees for creating a positive impression of the agency. "Everyone there treated me like a potential colleague, taking time to answer my questions thoroughly and exposing me to as many interesting experiences as possible," Muldowney reports. It was at that time she fell in love with the Soil Survey, a relationship which continues to this day.
Over the many years following, Muldowney worked as a soil and environmental scientist for a civil engineering firm, as a private consultant, and for the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station.
In 2010, she began volunteering again, spending one day a week at the Freehold Service Center, this time as a conservationist in training. This year-long experience proved to be a useful gateway to Minnesota NRCS.
Last year, Loren was on the move again. She made a jump back east in November 2012 to become the District Conservationist for Mercer and Lawrence counties in northwestern Pennsylvania. She noted, "Water quality is still an overall goal, and it is interesting to still be working in the Mississippi watershed after moving all the way from SW Minnesota to Pennsylvania. On the other hand, the landscape, climate regime and farming practices are entirely different, which is also very interesting and a learning opportunity. There have been many new challenges. Soils background and wetland experience is very helpful here where there is nearly all hydric or potentially hydric soils, land in the Wetlands Reserve Program, and a strong agency emphasis on Soil Health."
Looking to the future, she envisions taking a role in encouraging others to become Earth Team Volunteers. "For somebody who has time to invest, it can lead to training and career opportunities. It's a chance to work on real problems, do some real good, interact with dedicated, smart people, and become knowledgeable about natural resource issues of national scope," Muldowney states. "Who wouldn't want to do that?" But for right now, Muldowney is excited to be part of the NRCS PA West Field Team 1, and is looking forward to a full and rewarding career with the agency. We wish that for her, too.
All the best, Loren, and maybe we will see you back here in New Jersey someday!
Shalaunda Gourdine, Mildred Lopez and Heather Kutassy started working with NRCS in 2011 through a partnership with the New Jersey City University (NJCU) Student Internship program. They volunteered additional time beyond their original 8-week commitment, and assisted four offices with fieldwork, ranging from inventory and evaluation to engineering surveys to a grassland habitat follow-up research study.
NRCS Biologist Evan Madlinger and Human Resource Manager Mayra Morales worked with NJCU to select the interns, and they were responsible for general oversight of their work. "They were a great group to work with," said Evan, "and I hope they consider applying to NRCS in the future."
To facilitate that possibility, Mayra conducted a USAJOBS.gov workshop for the volunteers, during which she reviewed position qualifications and the application process, especially from her HR perspective. "I believe we were very successful in providing the volunteers tools to pursue their goals within NRCS," Mayra remarked. Paige McMahon, Amanda Hannen, Liz O'Rourke, and Julie Guerrara, also college students who had volunteered in the Vineland field office, the New Jersey NRCS State Office, and the Cape May Plant Materials Center also took advantage of the training provided by Ms. Morales.
NRCS Earth Team volunteers assist in a wide variety of ways, including field surveys, conservation planning, Geographic Information System (GIS) data layer organization, public outreach, and plant research.
Starting an internship with the United States Department of Agriculture NRCS, I did not know what to expect. The one thing that I did know was that I did not want to spend a summer sitting behind a computer, a telephone, or a filing cabinet. I wanted to spend my summer using my environmental science degree to continue learning in the field. NRCS helped me do just that. After doing research and informing myself about pollinators, the buzz of the season, my first day at NRCS was spent in the field. I got the opportunity to meet a producer who was receiving assistance on a pollinator habitat to enhance honey production. By the end of my first week at NRCS, every day was spent in the field. Also during the first week, the other interns and I were asked to complete a project that mapped all the grassland habitats managed under the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) located in Somerset County. It was exciting to receive an assignment in the county where I was born and raised. I was able to familiarize myself with wildlife habitats that I have unknowingly driven past numerous times.
As the weeks continued, working on the grassland project was a main focus; however, it was not the only focus. I was able to attend different types of training like conservation planning, and ruminant and equine nutrition training. I learned how to interpret a soils map to conduct highly erodible land determinations. I helped plan a wetland project, and few weeks later I was able to see the construction and implementation of that wetland. I assisted in three land surveys and a cultural resource assessment.
The amount of knowledge that I have gained through NRCS is unprecedented. I realized that working in the field and helping people are two things that I wish to continue in my career. By the end of the internship the only way I can describe what NRCS does is by their motto "We are helping people help the land."
Working at the NRCS State Office in Somerset has been a great experience for me. I have been able to bring things I have learned in my classes at Rutgers University into the tasks I am doing here. While working with Barb Phillips, I produced posters for Cumberland, Atlantic, and Cape May counties about irrigation management, conservation efforts with erosion control and soil quality. I have learned about many of these topics in my courses in Environmental Policy and Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers. My academic background gave me a new perspective to design the posters to be used at the county fairs.
I also helped put together a Power Point presentation about the 2011 NJ Envirothon. I was unfamiliar with the Envirothon, and although I did not participate in it, I learned a lot about how the competition works. In putting together the presentation on the NJ Envirothon, I learned about the opportunities an organization like the USDA gives to high school students to learn more about natural resources and gain an interest in science related fields in college.
Most recently, I have been inventorying and organizing the legacy imagery that is on file at the State Office. This is an important task because I know that data for certain areas can be hard to obtain. Organizing this legacy data gave me a chance to see that there is a lot of data to be found and organized here! Finding missing data is especially important because some projects would not be possible if some of the aerial imagery is missing.
Learning about GIS has also been a very rewarding experience. I have realized that learning how to use GIS software can help me in the future. For instance, I observed how GIS was used for the State Resources Assessment (SRA). As a Planning major, I appreciated how GIS allowed NRCS to look at the state's natural resources comprehensively. I also saw that GIS can be used at the local level, for mapping wetlands and sinkhole potential, for instance, which is important for understanding how development should be limited in certain areas. In urban areas, which I specialize in at Rutgers, GIS can be useful to map areas of lower income housing with chemical spills and higher levels of pollution to study environmental injustice. I am very grateful to have the opportunity to volunteer my time at the NRCS office in Somerset and have even registered for some basic level GIS courses at Rutgers for in the fall semester in order to continue my internship experience.
Note: Amanda's supervisor, NRCS GIS specialist Trish Long, noted, "It has been great working with and getting to know Amanda. She has been a tremendous help with our GIS and soils data, and is always very enthusiastic."
Back to the Earth Team Page
This page last updated April 18, 2016
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The Washington Post
Business groups are cheering the Obama administration's decision to delay for one year a requirement that employers provide health insurance to employees, even as some warn that the move only pushes inevitable problems with the mandate into the future.
Since the 2010 enactment of the health-care overhaul, employers have railed against many of its provisions, including the requirement that firms with more than 50 workers provide health insurance to employees who work more than 30 hours a week.
Businesses said the complex reporting requirements that come with the law would eat away at valuable staff time. In addition, many businesses were concerned that the federal reporting systems used by employers to report on their employees' health benefits were untested. Also, they said, the law's regulations have yet to be fully fleshed out.
At minimum, the business advocacy groups said, the delay would give employers time to learn more about how the health-care marketplace is reshaping itself. Employers said they would benefit by seeing how the new health insurance exchanges are working and what options are available from health insurance plans before they make crucial decisions about health-care offerings for their workers.
"It is a welcome relief for most employers, especially for those who had to make some decisions about benefit changes and maybe even workforce changes for 2014," said Steven Wojcik, vice president of public policy at the National Business Group on Health, a nonprofit association of more than 360 large employers. "We should know a lot more a year from now."
Bill Dunkelberg, chief economist for the National Federation of Independent Business, which opposed the health-care law arguing that it would raise the cost of doing business, also called the delay a wise move.
"Since nobody is ready , it probably prevents a lot of chaos," he said.
The vast majority of firms affected by the so-called employer mandate already offer health insurance. But some of those plans would have to be enhanced — and, thus, become more expensive — to comply with the health-care law.
Many opponents of the Affordable Care Act have argued that the law would become a clear disincentive to create new jobs in a struggling economy, particularly for firms that have just less than 50 workers. Some employers claimed they would cut work weeks below the 30-hour threshold to avoid the mandate.
NFIB is among the organizations that warn that the law will be as unworkable next year as they believe it is now.
"This is simply the latest evidence that implementation of this terrible law is going to be difficult if not impossible, and the burden is going to fall on the people who create American jobs," said Amanda Austin, director of federal public policy for the business group. "Temporary relief is small consolation. We need a permanent fix to this provision to provide long-term relief for small employers."
Michael Tanner, a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think tank, said the delay does not change what he sees as the overarching problem the law poses for businesses.
"It is delaying the inevitable," he said. "The problem is going to still be there a year from now, and the problem is that it is going to raise the cost of hiring workers."


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CSSE 571 Software Requirements and Specification
Students will learn how to capture software requirements and handle difficult situations in gathering data to build systems. Special emphasis is given to working with clients and to learning about the needs of users who interact with a system. The course addresses elicitation, specification, and management of software system requirements. Additionally, the course examines iterative prototyping user interactions for a system.
CSSE 574 Software Design
Students learn about effective approaches for designing complete software systems using object-oriented techniques and design patterns. Architectural principles and alternatives, detailed design documentation, and relationships between levels of abstraction are examined in the context of an evolving system requiring tradeoff analysis and communication of the alternatives.
CSSE 575 Software Maintenance and Evolution
This course builds upon the key methods and techniques associated with constructing software to ensure the maintainability and evolution of software products. Key elements of software maintenance process, impact analysis, software reengineering/reverse engineering/design recovery, source code analysis are examined. Then topics on how to produce software systems with the measurable maintainability properties are covered from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Advanced topics in model-based engineering for evolvable products are also examined along with emerging technologies that are relevant to the sustainability of software.
CSSE 576 Software Quality Assurance
This course examines the theory and practice of assuring that a product conforms to its specification and intended use. Basic topics include software quality assurance methods, test plans and strategies, unit level and system level testing, software reliability, peer review methods, and configuration control responsibilities in quality assurance. This course stresses quality in the software process, and introduces quality programs such as the Software Engineering Institutes Capability Maturity Models, Total Quality Management, and Six Sigma as well as programs from systems engineering such as Lean Development.
CSSE 579 Software Project Management
Software Project management serves as a central element of successful software engineering and its response to ever-changing software product's. This course examines project management from the perspective of producing and maintaining a software product. Topics include software risk management, software estimation, software process, scheduling, rework, stakeholder management, software team building, and conflict management. Additionally, program management and portfolio management are addressed with topics like project evaluation and selection, scope management, contingency planning, are examined in term of key issues and techniques to address them.
EMGT 587 Systems Engineering
Introduces system engineering and analysis techniques, including the systems life cycle, system design procedures, risk analysis, analysis methods including reliability and maintainability. Provides applications for mechanical, electrical and a wide variety of other systems. Uses Visio or CORE software to create IDEFO drawings and other documentation for system design.
Software Engineering Elective Courses
CSSE 572 Software Process Improvement
This course explores the key processes and activities necessary to produce software. Software processes exist for various forms ranging from a standard systems engineering oriented linear process to highly iterative discovery processes. The course examines how to select the effective process(es) for the types of projects that confront today's software engineers. To determine process effectiveness and performance, software metrics is also covered from a process perspective in order to understand statistically based process improvement approaches. This includes introduction to foundations of measurement, models of software engineering measurement, software products and process metrics, and metrics management.
CSSE 573 Formal Methods in Specification and Design
This course provides both an introduction to the use of mathematical models of software systems for their specification and validation as well as a deeper examination of emerging formal specification methods and models. With the advancement of model-based software engineering, formal specification and generative topics has taken center stage. This course provides the student with the fundamentals of formal methods and provides insights into practical applications using current tools like Z, B, VDM++, and Alloy. Topics include finite state machine models, axiomatic and algebraic approaches, models of concurrent systems, verification of models, and limitations of these techniques.
CSSE 577 Software Architecture
This is a course in the architecture and design issues and tradeoffs, of complete commercial systems. Topics include building on components and make/buy decisions, quality attribute optimization, architectural principles and alternative styles, high-level design documentation, and modeling practices in human interface design.
CSSE 578 Software Construction
This advanced course goes beyond programming and examines construction methods and techniques associated with producing software products. In addition to detailed design methods and notations, implementation tools/environments, coding standards and styles, peer review techniques, and the like, the student is exposed to component-based systems, reuse-based software construction, and generative systems approaches to provide an appreciation for how software systems are constructed in contemporary software engineering organizations.
Specialization Elective Courses
CSSE 513 Intelligent Systems
Theory, design, and engineered use of knowledge-based and case-based AI systems using available commercial tools as illustrations. Modeling and implementing intelligent behavior using such systems. Examples will be drawn upon from agent-based systems, swarms, and autonomous systems to give the student an appreciation for the techniques involved.
CSSE 532 Computer Networks
This course examines the fundamentals of computer network organization, design, and implementation of computer networks, especially the Internet. Network protocols, protocol layering, flow control, congestion control, error control, packet organization, routing, gateways, connection establishment and maintenance, machine and domain naming, security. Each of the top four layers of the Internet protocol stack: application (FTP, HTTP, SMTP), transport (TCP, UDP), network (IP), link (Ethernet). Advanced topics in computer networks are presented with respect to emerging computing trends and architectures.
CSSE 533 Database Systems
This course provides a brief introduction to key relational database concepts with a review of entity relationship diagrams for data modeling, properties and roles of transactions, and SQL for data definition and data manipulation. The course then provides a substantive examination of contemporary APIs for access to databases through enterprise examples from several application domains. Advanced topics are selected from object-oriented databases, object-relational databases, query processing, transactions, transaction logging, concurrency control, database recovery, parallel and distributed databases, security and integrity, data mining and data warehousing to round out the course for the software engineering professional.
CSSE 542 Computer Security
This course introduces foundational computer security topics such as access control matrices and standard system models, as well as policies for security, confidentiality, and integrity. Additional topics include malicious logic, vulnerability analysis, and auditing. Computer network attack techniques are discussed and explored in a closed environment to motivate and inform discussion and exploration of computer network defense techniques. Design and implementation issues include key management, cipher techniques, authentication, principles of secure design, representation of identity, access control mechanisms, and formal evaluation and certification techniques are presented in the context of engineering security properties into a software system from the beginning (rather than bolting them on afterwards). Throughout the course, the student will be given an appreciation of ethical, theoretical, and practical issues of information security in light of vulnerabilities that enable impersonation, viruses, worms, and other emerging threats. Key threat models will be examined with respect to the current security practice.
CSSE 590 Advanced Topics in Software Engineering Pre: Graduate standing or permission of instructor
This advanced topics course is designed to provide a mechanism for introducing emerging or specialized topics into the MSSE curriculum. Instructors will provide specifics for these courses as they pertain to the topic and teaching approach.
CSSE 591 Directed Independent Studies in Software Engineering
This course provides a mechanism for independent study on advanced software engineering subject relevant to a student's graduate studies goals, but not included in regularly offered courses. May be repeated for credit if topic or level is different. Pre: Graduate standing and, permission of MSSE program director and instructor.
EMGT 522 Organizational Behavior
Review of fundamental activities (planning, organizing, leading, controlling) related to the management of organizations. The concepts and techniques for maximizing the effectiveness of human resources in the achievement of organizational and project goals are emphasized. Topics include communication, team process, motivation, selection, development, and appraisal. Special focus is given to the management of human resources in a technical environment.
EMGT 523 Marketing Issues in a Technical Environment
A study and overview of the components of marketing principles and how those mesh with management in a technical environment. Topics will include activities associated with product, price, promotion, and distribution and how these impact the technical manager from idea generation through delivery to and service for the customer.
EMGT 526 Technology Management and Forecasting
Elements of managing the growth and operation of the technological systems. Technology forecasting tools including expert methods, quantitative trend analysis, simulation, and gaming. Consideration of secondary forecasts, especially those of social and economic nature. Techniques for enhancing creativity, managing multi-disciplinary projects and impact assessment techniques are considered. Computer-based forecasting tools are applied.
EMGT 533 Intercultural Communication
The core of this course is the presentation of the Constructivist theory of communication and its application. Students are exposed to ethnographic interview methods and the concept of culture shock using the BAFA role-play simulation. Discussion of organizational culture includes a review of publications on this topic, the impact of culture on organizations, as well as strategies for change. May be used as a management core class.
EMGT 535 Globalization, Strategy and Organizational Change
Reviews the strategy literature and the issues surrounding strategy implementation in the context of organizational change. Includes a team project that explores the strategic implications of globalization for specific industries during the next 10 years and the construction of scenarios as a tool for understanding and communication. Individual students will develop and evaluate strategy for a specific organization within the scenarios developed in the team project.
Required Capstone Project Sequence
CSSE 597/8 Capstone Software Project I and II
Credits as assigned; however, not more than 8 credits can be applied to MS degree requirements Pre: Completion of technical component and business core or permission of instructor
The integration of software project, process, and technical considerations in new software product production and evolution. The identification of software engineering challenges faced in producing a commercially viable product. The focus is on a substantial team project involving 4-5 team members interacting with a software consuming/producing organization. This integrated project must include the identification of a new product including key business and technical issues, development of a viable software project plan, a valid requirements specification, a relevant software architecture, a verifiable software product design, and a testable software product to be delivered to the customer. A final report with oral presentations is required.


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To perform a search, enter a keyword, phrase or item number in the search field and click "search."
We offer two ways to locate information:
Napa Valley has a special place in my heart beginning with my first visit in 1966, having the free spirit coming from a new frontier, a wonderful history, and the potential to produce world-class wines.
Our wine estate is located on a high plain in the eastern mountains of the celebrated Napa Valley. Its hilly terrain, rocky soils, high elevations and beautiful landscape create above all an estate ideal for winegrowing.Marchese Piero Antinori - Proprietor


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Amber Alert issued for 2-year-old girl from Mississippi
From the Associated Press:
JACKSON, MS - A 7-month-old Mississippi infant is dead and Lowndes County authorities continue to search for her sibling.
Lowndes County Chief Deputy Marc Miley says 2-year-old Maliah Harris disappeared with her parents after her 7-month-old sister, Alyssa, was found dead.
The Mississippi Highway Patrol issued an Amber Alert for the child and her parents - identified 34-year-old Donald Boyd Harris and 31-year-old Allison Studdard.
Patrol spokesman Warren Strain says they were last seen in a black or brown 2002 Pontiac Aztec with Georgia license plate PGR7927.
Miley says the siblings' grandfather discovered Alyssa's body inside the family's home about 5:30 a.m. Wednesday. Miley says the grandfather called 911, and while he was on the phone, the parents left with the 2-year-old girl.
Miley says their direction of travel is unknown.
Photo Credit: Dirk Ercken Shutterstock


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A Most Searching ExaminationBy Dan Piepenbring
Pop Chart Lab, whose laudable ambition is "to render all of human experience in chart form," is offering a print consisting of twenty-nine first sentences from novels, including one of my favorites, from David Markson's Wittgenstein's Mistress: "In the beginning, sometimes I left messages in the street." Of course, a print comprised of nothing but text would be not much of a print at all, so Pop Chart Lab has done us the favor of diagramming every sentence according to the Reed-Kellogg System, color coded and all. Plotting out the beginning of Don Quixote is, as you can see, complicated.
As a pedagogical device, sentence diagrams have fallen out of fashion; I never had to draw them (if that's even the right verb) in school, nor was I made to study any grammar beyond the rudimentary parts of speech. This makes me feel like a fraud whenever I pretend to be a grammarian, as I often do. In fact, before today, I'd never heard of the Reed-Kellogg System; it sounds to me like a proprietary method for processing and packaging cornflakes.
Actually, it dates back to 1877, when it was invented by two men with great names, Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg. Though the Don Quixote sample is intimidating, diagramming sentences turns out to be fairly intuitive. ("And fun!" adds a sad, sorry voice in my head.) You begin with the base, a horizontal line; write the subject on the left and the predicate on the right, separated by a vertical bar. Then separate the verb and its object with another mark—if you have a direct object, use a vertical line, and if you have a predicate noun (had to look that up) or an adjective (that one I knew), use a backslash. Modifiers of the subject, predicate, or object "dangle below the base." Read More


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Donald Trump Dishes On 'Celebrity Apprentice'
Donald Trump chats about the feud with Omarosa and La Toya Jackson on "Celebrity Apprentice." Also, he why Gary Busey is a "great guy" and "great for TV." Lastly, which celebrities have he been trying to get for the next season of the NBC reality series?


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Error handling differences between Servlets and Filters
If an exception is thrown from within a servlet's
init() method, I would expect Tomcat to act on it by not allowing the context to load. This makes sense to me.
But I have recently discovered that Tomcat allows exceptions to be thrown from within the initialisation phase of a servlet's life-cycle without side-affects, while exceptions thrown from within the initialisation phase of a filter's life-cycle causes a Catalina
SEVERE error resulting in the context not loading.
Hmmm…. Not sure why this is the case, but until someone can explain it to me I will treat it as a bug within Tomcat. We are using v5.5.25.
FYI, I came across this while trying to implement an application configuration servlet which loads on start-up setting various application properties based on environment variables et al. Due to the described 'bug', I have ended up using a filter for the job instead of a servlet as it behaves as I would expect. A better solution would be to use Spring, I know, but we are still having to maintain some complex legacy apps which are not worth spending the time converting to Spring.


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Best Of :: Bars & Clubs
There's a mad-scientist vibe to many modern cocktails, and often it can lead to weird science. How to make a drink that's not just a remix of the classics without veering into the cocktail version of fusion? The flavors probably shouldn't go together, but let's try it anyway! (Wine milkshake, anyone?) The folks at Pour Vous, the newish Hollywood cocktail lounge, get it right by looking for flavors that absolutely belong together but maybe haven't waltzed subtly in a glass before. This is a dance you don't want to miss: The Lapin Fou pairs eau de vie with carrot, ginger, lemon and the sweet herbal cordial Velay Jaune for a drink that tastes like you're standing in the middle of a spring vegetable patch. L'Avenue Nouvelle gives passion fruit a place to shine without too much sweetness; its partners of Calvados, bourbon and lemon lift it up in a tart, fruity but delicate drink. Pour Vous does twists on the classics as well — and does them beautifully — but it's the totally original creations that have us proclaiming notre amour. 5574 Melrose Ave., Hlywd. (323) 871-8699, pourvousla.com.
—Besha Rodell
There are plenty of warm, welcoming cigar emporiums around L.A., but Buena Vista Cigar Club stands apart, with its secret lodge/hideout ambience and the superior attention to detail of its proprietor/bartender Rigoberto Fernandez, whose roots go back to some of the best Cuban cigar manufacturers. Occupying an older structure on Little Santa Monica in Beverly Hills, the place is a dark, calming clubhouse decorated in what we like to think of as traditional Cuban gentleman/sportsman style. There's lots of wood, some antlers, several old skis, interesting historical photos and even a few stuffed ducks. It has very high ceilings and a partial upstairs level that offers an even greater feeling of privacy. Or sit at the bar and order a stiff, manly drink from Rigo, who, if not literally the Most Interesting Man in the World, at least comes close — and he'll connect you with a fantastic, handpicked cigar at a quite reasonable price. For several gentle hours, you could swear you're no longer in Beverly Hills but rather in Old World Havana. 9715 Santa Monica Blvd., Beverly Hills. (310) 273-8100, buenavistacigarclub.com.
—Adam Gropman
You sit at a neighborly bar where small-plate orders are made up right in front of you, chatting with the especially nice bartenders who oversee Bin 73, a sleek little find amidst the loud Venice Fishing Pier bars and tourist traps. Bin 73's carefully selected wine list, great deals on wine flights and truly generous pours — not to mention the friendly offers of free sips before you choose your wine — help to fill most seats by 6 p.m. During happy hour, the covered sidewalk patio is the spot for people watching. Popular edibles, matched to your big glass of wine, include flatbread pizza topped with caramelized vegetables, mac 'n' cheese and fresh grapes rolled in crushed walnuts and goat cheese. After Bin 73, you may find your usual (perhaps ridiculously expensive) wine bar a bit stingy and stuffy. 18 Washington Blvd., Marina del Rey. (310) 827-6209, mercedesgrille.com/bin73.htm.
—Jill Stewart
Those who have visited this second incarnation of wildly popular sausage purveyor Wurstküche on a Friday night or Saturday lunch might be bowled over by the suggestion of "quiet." Prime time is marked by lines out the door for food, a deejay bolstering the alternative-club atmosphere and communal tables packed with Venice's finest flannel. Come after the lunch rush but before the dinner masses and the ambience changes entirely. Exposed brick protects you from the oppressive traffic of Lincoln Boulevard. A peripheral glance at the frosted-glass windows will have you mistaking a blazing summer day for a cozy winter afternoon. Sample a rattlesnake-and-rabbit sausage and any of five mustards that accompany it. Take a long quaff from your dimpled mug of Spaten Optimator and try to convince yourself that you're not in the pages of a Dwell magazine Bavarian-lodge spread. Nothing is more satisfying than genuine conversation with the bartender and a leisurely perusal of the rare beer list in off-peak hours. 625 Lincoln Blvd., Venice. (213) 687-4444, wurstkuche.com. —Erika Bolden
Of the many establishments that provide an above-average selection of whiskey and cocktails, Glendale's Neat Bar offers perhaps the best value. Attend during peak hours and you'll be subjected to the same industry-standard prices maintained by all comparable bars, but stop by during happy hour and feel that pinching knot in your shoulders begin to loosen. Between 5 and 7:30 p.m. on weekdays, the prices of 300 meticulously appointed spirits are reduced by half. From whiskey to tequila, all available drinks arrive in Neat's signature spirit-and-chaser presentation. Contrary to the current trend in mixology toward pretentious eyedroppers and overwrought foams, these drinks enable an appreciation for the undiluted quality of the booze. The deconstruction allows you to pick up on flavor interactions you might not notice in a mixed cocktail. Lowering prices so considerably in off-peak hours almost feels like a personal favor, permitting even those of us with ramen-noodle budgets to sample those coveted single malts and blends. 1114 N. Pacific Ave., Glendale. (818) 241-4542, facebook.com/theneatbar.
—Erika Bolden
Some days, you just want to drink like an old man. And while most any bartender in town will whip up a martini with glee, there are some classic drinks that aren't as common, and therefore not as likely to be done right. Luckily, the good folks at dapper West L.A. bar the Wellesbourne have us covered, whether you're looking for the mellow sweetness of an old-fashioned or the deep, bracing pleasure of a Manhattan. Owner Sophie Huterstein and general manager May Lee Lockhart oversee the drinks program. They make a damn fine Sazerac and provide a dark-wood-bedecked, librarylike room in which to enjoy it. The old man in you will grunt approvingly as he takes another sip. 10929 W. Pico Blvd., W.L.A. (310) 474-0102, thewellesbourne.com.
—Besha Rodell


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A career that is rooted in one's unique interests, personality, values, and abilities has enormous potential. Therefore, self-assessment is an important first step in one's career decision-making process.
In addition to career decision-making, self-assessment can also help you capitalize on your strengths and avoid pitfalls as you progress throughout your career. The Career Center offers a suite of online assessment tools that provide insight into who you are and, through consultation with a career advisor, assist you in clarifying your career objectives.
Whether you are deciding on a career field, changing jobs or careers, or are interested in making the most of your current job, please contact The Career Center for information on our self-assessment tools.
The SII is based on the idea that individuals are more satisfied and productive when they work in jobs that they find interesting and when they work with people who have similar interests. The SII takes about 25 minutes to complete and contains 317 items that measure your interests in a wide range of occupations, occupational activities, hobbies, leisure activities, and types of people. An appointment with a career advisor is required for access.
One of the most popular personality assessments, this tool helps you realize your individual personality type and can help point you in some possible career directions. An appointment with a career advisor is required for access.
CareerOneStop is an online resource, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, that offers the following self assessments: interests, skills and work values.
Provides business career self-assessments that assist individuals in clarifying possible career path matches within the business field. Career Leader helps individuals assess their unique interests, values, and abilities relevant to the business setting. Learn more.


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Ultimately richard arkwright brought forward the same plan improved:23 his first patent was dated 1769.
There was the story of richard arkwright, the great mechanician.
The cotton manufacture was established in the town by Sir richard arkwright.
But don't for a minute imagine you are through with richard arkwright.
The mischief is, they made the poor man a saint, instead of knighting him, like Sir richard arkwright.
In 1769, richard arkwright, also an Englishman, invented the water-spinning-frame.
richard arkwright, like most of our great mechanicians, sprang from the ranks.
Two years after the jenny, in 1769, richard arkwright invented the spinning frame.
It may have been, and most likely was, a workaday job for richard arkwright.
Josiah Wedgwood, like richard arkwright, his great contemporary, was the thirteenth child of his parents.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·
The Imaginary order is one of a triptych of terms in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan, along with the symbolic and the real. The basis of the Imaginary order is the formation of the ego in the "mirror stage". Since the ego is formed by identifying with the counterpart or specular image, "identification" is an important aspect of the imaginary. The relationship whereby the ego is constituted by identification is a locus of "alienation", which is another feature of the imaginary, and is fundamentally narcissistic. The imaginary, a realm of surface appearances which are deceptive, is structured by the symbolic order. It also involves a linguistic dimension: whereas the signifier is the foundation of the symbolic, the "signified" and "signification" belong to the imaginary. Thus language has both symbolic and imaginary aspects. Based on the specular image, the imaginary is rooted in the subject's relationship to the body (the image of the body). The philosopher Deleuze defines the imaginary "by games of mirroring, of duplication, of reversed identification and projection, always in the mode of the double."[1]
See alsoEdit
- The Seminars of Jacques Lacan
- An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis - Dylan Evans
- Deleuze, Gilles. 1972. "How Do We Recognize Structuralism?" Trans. Melissa McMahon and Charles J. Stivale. In Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953-1974. Ed. David Lapoujade. New York: Semiotext(e), 2004. ISBN 1584350180. 170-192.
External linksEdit
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
Cite error:
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<references/> tag was found


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And the Siri tweaks continue rolling in...
If you remember our review of VoiceUtils yesterday, then you already know that because of the jailbreak for the iPhone 4S that the Siri-based jailbreak tweaks are going to start rolling in. Any other iDevice users shouldn't feel left out either. These Siri tweaks appear to work just fine with the free Spire Siri port that was released by iOS developers and hackers Grant Paul and Ryan Petrich. Yes, it will require a Siri server if you use Spire.
Anyways, this new jailbreak tweak dubbed SiriToggles by iOS developer Hamza Sood will give you even more Siri functionality that we just know that all of you have been dying for. They are voice-based toggles that you can use to control the functions of your iDevice. Additionally, they could make a replacement for SBSettings. The complete list of features below:
- Find out your battery level
- Change screen brightness
- Launch applications
- Enable/disable Wi-Fi
- Enable/disable Bluetooth
- Enable/disable airplane mode
- Enable/disable cellular data
In order to toggle something such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, airplane mode, or cellular data you have to say either, "enable/disable" or, "turn on/turn off." If you want Siri to tell you about how much battery you have left, then the developer recommends that you say something like, "how much battery do I have left?" or, "what is my remaining battery percentage?" If you want Siri to change your display brightness, then you should say something like, "set/change back-light/brightness to 50%." You can say whatever percent you want, of course. If you want Siri to launch an application for you, then simply say, "launch insert application name here" which will of course launch the application that you specify.
SiriToggles does require iOS 5 and Siri capability. You will not have any settings to configure after installing SiriToggles, but the abilities of it are already versatile. It's not hard to use and Siri can already usually make sense of what you say, for the most part that is. I think that the functionality is definitely useful and it's something that many Modmyi readers have been looking forward to using on their jailbroken iPhone 4S. I have to recommend this, there's no putting it down.
Name: SiriToggles
Price: FREE
Version: 0.0.2
Repo: BigBoss
Developer: Hamza Sood
Editor's Rating: / 4.5/5
Are you going to download SiriToggles on your Siri device to add voice functionality to it? Share in the comments.
Sources: Hamza Sood


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View the Court and Community Jury Brochure to get information and instructions for responding to your juror summons,
Learn about the basic elements of a jury trial. Use the following tabs to review each step of a jury trial and become more familiar with the process as a whole.
To find out what to expect during your jury service, watch the "Ideals Made Real" video.
Please note that detailed information about the statutes that govern much of the process for selecting and administering jury trials in the state of California may be found in Section 190-237 of the California Code of Civil Procedure.
The perjury admonishment, which basically requires potential jurors to tell the truth when answering the questions, is read as follows:
"Do you, and each of you, understand and agree that you will accurately and truthfully answer, under penalty of perjury, all questions propounded to you concerning your qualifications and competency to serve as a trial juror in the matter pending before this court, and that failure to do so may subject you to criminal prosecution?"
The court clerk calls groups of jurors for questioning by the judge and the attorneys. The judge speaks to the jurors, telling them the names of the people involved in the case and stating what the case is about. The judge and the attorneys ask jurors questions to determine if the jurors are free of bias (prejudice) or whether there is any other reason why they cannot be fair and impartial; this process is called voir dire.
It is important to ask questions if you do not understand a question. Each juror is obligated to follow the law as explained by the judge; if you can not follow the law, you must let the judge know.
The law lets the judge and the lawyers excuse individual jurors from service for various reasons. If a lawyer wants to have a juror excused, he or she must use a "challenge" to excuse the juror. Challenges can be for cause or peremptory. There are unlimited challenges for cause and 10 peremptory challenges in criminal cases (20 in death penalty or life imprisonment cases) and 6 in civil cases (Code of Civil Procedure sec. 231).
The process of questioning and excusing jurors continues until 12 persons are accepted as jurors for the trial. Alternate jurors may also be selected. The judge and attorneys agree that these jurors are qualified to decide impartially and intelligently the factual issues in the case. When the selection of the jury is completed, the jurors take the following oath:
"Do you, and each of you, understand and agree that you will well and truly try the cause now pending before this court, and a true verdict render according only to the evidence presented to you and to the instructions of the court?"
As a juror you should think seriously about the oath before taking it. The oath means you give your word to reach your verdict upon only the evidence presented in the trial and the court's instructions about the law. You cannot consider any other evidence and instruction other than those given by the court in the case before you. Remember that your role as a juror is as important as the judge's in making sure that justice is done.
The Verdict
In your efforts to reach a verdict, keep in mind that you should consider only the evidence that was presented in the courtroom. You should not guess or speculate about things not discussed in court, but you can draw reasonable conclusions from the evidence presented.
It is important to take the case you are deciding seriously. After all, if you were a party in the case, it would be important to you, and you would want the jury to give it serious consideration even if the controversy appears less significant to others.
All jurors should deliberate and vote on each issue to be decided in the case. When it is time to count votes, it is the foreperson's duty to see that this is done properly. In a civil case, the judge will tell you how many jurors must agree in order to reach a verdict. In a criminal case, the unanimous agreement of all 12 jurors is required. If the required number of jurors agree on each issue to be decided, the foreperson will sign and date the verdict, advise the bailiff or court attendant, and return with the signed verdict and any unsigned verdict forms from prior votes to the courtroom.
If a jury cannot arrive at a verdict within a reasonable time and indicates to the judge that there is no possibility that they can reach a verdict, the judge, in his or her discretion, may dismiss the jury. This situation is a mistrial, sometimes referred to as a "hung jury," and may mean the case goes to trial again with a new jury.


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Starting off the season with a bang
MiLB.com looks at top moments from Opening Days past
By Ashley Marshall / Special to MLB.com | April 3, 2012 6:19 PM ET
With 120 teams taking to the field across 10 leagues and four classifications Thursday, storylines are plentiful in ballparks everywhere around the country.
Here's a look at some of the most memorable performances, memories and events from Opening Day in the Minors.
April 18, 1946: Jackie Robinson's Minor League debut
One of the most significant events in baseball history occurred when the Montreal Royals took the field of Roosevelt Stadium on Opening Day in 1946. Making his professional debut, Jackie Robinson went 4-for-5 with a three-run homer, four RBIs, four runs scored and two stolen bases in the Royals' 14-1 International League victory over the Jersey City Giants. Batting second, Robinson grounded out to shortstop on a full-count pitch in the top of the first inning, but he went deep over the left-field fence in the third for his first professional home run.
Robinson reached on a bunt single in the fifth, stole second base, advanced to third on a groundout and came home when Giants pitcher Phil Oates balked with Robinson dancing off the bag and bluffing for home. He then singled and stole second again in the seventh before bunting for another base hit in the eighth. Herb Andrews was now on the mound for Jersey City, but once Robinson reached third base the result was the same. Andrews committed a balk and Robinson scored his fourth run of the game. Around 50,000 fans -- more than double the stadium's capacity -- watched Robinson's first game in person that Thursday afternoon.
April 1, 1950: Texas League old-timers' day
The most memorable Opening Day in Texas League history drew 54,151 fans to the Cotton Bowl to celebrate some of the game's greatest stars. The previous record for a Texas League game was 1,018 set in 1930.
Prior to the start of the Tulsa Oilers' game with the Dallas Eagles, nine fan favorites from the past took to the field to face Oilers' leadoff hitter Harry Donabedian. Eagles manager Charlie Grimm was at first base, with Charlie Gehringer at second, Travis Jackson at short and Frank "Home Run" Baker at third. From left to right in the outfield were Duffy Lewis, Tris Speaker and Ty Cobb. Behind the plate was Mickey Cochrane and on the hill was Dizzy Dean. Seven of the nine positions were occupied by seven current or future Baseball Hall of Fame members.
After Dean missed with a 3-2 pitch to Donabedian, the all-time stars left the field, replaced by the regular Dallas Eagles lineup. Donabedian returned to the plate for the official start of the game which the Oilers won 10-3.
April 8, 1988: A controversial end to a new beginning
The San Jose Giants played their very first game against the Visalia Oaks at Recreation Park on Opening Day in 1988.
San Jose took an 8-5 lead into the bottom of the ninth inning, but closer Doug Robertson allowed the first three batters to reach base on a dropped fly ball, a single to right field and a run-scoring infield hit.
Oaks right fielder Kenny Morgan then hit a ground-rule double to right-center field, an area of the park that was covered in almost total darkness because of the lack of regulations covering stadia lighting. The double scored Mike Randle, with Eccles stopping at third and Morgan cruising into second.
Said Chris Lampe, then a minority owner of the San Jose Giants and now California League historian: "The Public Address Announcer commented over the PA system, 'ground-rule double'. There was one problem, however. California League umpire Dick Fossa, standing near second base called it as he saw it, in the black hole, a home run." The ground-rule-double-turned-home-run gave the Oaks a wild, 9-8 come-from-behind victory.
April 6, 2000: Pena shows sign of things to come
In his Texas League debut for Tulsa, Carlos Pena belted two home runs -- including a seventh-inning grand slam -- and plated six runs to lead the Drillers in a 9-7 win over the visiting Shreveport Captains. Drafted 10th overall by the Texas Rangers in the 1998 Draft, the 2000 season marked just his second full season in pro ball.
Pena's Opening Day fireworks set the tone for the rest of the season as he went on to produce his best Minor League numbers. He finished the year with a .299 average, 28 homers, 36 doubles and 105 RBIs in 138 appearances for the Drillers.
He would make his big league debut as a September call-up with the Rangers in 2001 after dominating the Triple-A Pacific Coast League with the Oklahoma RedHawks. It took another eight seasons and five organizations for Pena to make his first All-Star team as a member of the Tampa Bay Rays.
April 4, 2003: Harden unhittable, Piedra plays spoiler
Selected in the 17th round of the 2000 Draft, Rich Harden had only already appeared in 46 games -- 42 starts -- by the time Opening Day rolled around in 2003. He had spent the second half of the previous year with the Double-A Midland RockHounds and, judging by the way he mowed down his opponents at the start of the new campaign, he had no intention of remaining there long.
In front of a packed house at the Dell Diamond in Round Rock on April 4, 2003, Harden pitched six perfect innings, striking out nine, to help the RockHounds to a 5-0 win over the Express. Round Rock third baseman Jason Alfaro got the only hit of the game for Round Rock with an eighth inning single off of Jack Krawczyk.
Amazingly, on April 8, in his second start of the year, Harden tossed seven more perfect innings in Midland's 4-1, two-hit win over the Express. Consequently, Harden was promoted to Triple-A Sacramento after the game.
Elsewhere on Opening Day 2003, Jorge Piedra was making some noise of his own about 200 miles north of Round Rock. The Drillers outfielder played the role of spoiler, hitting for the cycle in a 16-2 rout of the hometown Frisco RoughRiders, who were playing their first game in the new 10,000-seat stadium and making their Texas League debut.
The 24-year-old hit a solo homer to lead off the second inning, and he singled and doubled in the fourth as the team batted around. He completed his cycle bid with a triple in the eighth frame. Piedra -- who also singled and scored in the sixth -- finished the game 5-for-6 with four runs scored and three RBIs.
The Piedra cycle was the first for the Drillers since Hank Blalock two cycles in three days for Tulsa in 2001. Piedra hit for the cycle again in June -- one of only three Minor Leagues to achieve the feat twice in one season -- and he went on to make his Colorado debut in August the following year.
April 8, 2004: Young's explosive debut
Delmon Young was the top overall pick of the 2003 Draft, but because he waited until September to sign his contract did not suit up until the following year.
Young made his pro debut as a 17-year-old on April 8, 2004, for the Class A Charleston River Dogs of the South Atlantic League. The highly touted prospect wasted no time introducing himself, slugging a mammoth three-run homer off the batter's eye in center field in the sixth inning following an hour-long rain delay.
The Rays phenom's blast came in a losing effort, however, as the Greensboro Bats were 9-5 victors in front of more than 4,000 fans at Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park.
April 7, 2005: Midwest League no-no's
Casey Janssen, a 2004 fourth-round Draft pick, started his first full professional season with the Lansing Lugnuts of the Midwest League in 2005. In his first start, Janssen spun seven no-hit innings in the Lugnuts' 1-0 victory over the Fort Wayne Wizards. Janssen walked one batter and fanned seven Wizards, who got a solid pitching performance of their own from starter Mike Ekstrom. He surrendered just one hit and a walk over six scoreless frames.
On the other side of Lake Michigan, Anthony Swarzak was baffling hitters, too. The 19-year-old -- selected in the second round of the '04 Draft -- struck out eight batters over six no-hit innings in the Beloit Snappers' 2-1 win over Swing of the Quad Cities. The Snappers' bullpen carried the no-no into the eighth inning, but the Swing's Mike Ferris broke up the bid with an RBI double.
April 6, 2006: Free baseball in Tulsa
From the very first pitch of the new season, the Wichita Wranglers must have thought the season opener was in the bag. The visiting Wranglers scored three runs off Tulsa Drillers' starter Enmanuel Ulloa in the top of the first inning, two more in the sixth inning to extend the lead to 5-1 and then another three in the seventh to move ahead 8-2.
But the Drillers were not about to disappoint their fans on Opening Day. The hosts clawed back one run in the home half of the seventh before rallying for five runs in the bottom of the ninth to send the game into extra innings. The Tulsa bullpen surrendered just one more walk -- and no hits -- over the next six innings, and catcher Alvin Colina, the prospect Chris Iannetta's backup, hammered a walk-off homer off Ryan Braun in the 16th inning.
The contest was the longest in the history of Drillers Stadium, which opened in 1981. The game, which began 30 minutes late due to thunderstorms in the Tulsa area, ended at 12:28 a.m., taking four hours, 55 minutes to complete. The 4,805 in attendance saw the teams hit a combined 17-for-118 (.144 batting average) with 33 strikeouts and 54 runners left on base.
April 3, 2008: Pitcher perfect
Opening Day in 2008 was dominated by strong pitching performances across the upper classifications. Kei Igawa threw six perfect innings and the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees' bullpen surrendered just one hit in a 4-0 shutout of the Lehigh Valley IronPigs as the Baby Bombers snapped a streak of eight consecutive Opening Day losses.
Elsewhere, Tommy Hanson fanned 13 batters over five hitless innings in the Myrtle Beach Pelicans' 2-0 win over the Wilmington Blue Rocks, and Rick Porcello allowed a lone hit in five innings of his professional debut in the Lakeland Flying Tigers' 4-1 triumph over the Tampa Yankees.
April 8, 2009 and April 8, 2010: Twice as nice on your birthday
Cleveland catcher Carlos Santana had an extra reason to celebrate Opening Day not once, but twice. The birthday boy slugged a three-run homer in the Akron Aeros' 9-5 win over the Bowie Baysox in 2009. The next year, on his 24th birthday, he went 4-for-5 with two homers and four RBIs in his Triple-A debut for the Columbus Clippers, a 17-4 rout of the Indianapolis Indians.
In six seasons in the Minors, Santana batted .290 with 75 homers and 360 RBIs. He made his big league debut with Cleveland on June 11, 2010, after 526 games down on the farm.
Ashley Marshall is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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common name: American serpentine leafminer
scientific name: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Insecta: Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Host Plants - Damage - Natural Enemies - Management - Selected References
Introduction (Back to Top)
This native leafminer has long been found in the eastern United States and Canada, northern South America, and the Caribbean. However, in recent years it has been introduced into California, Europe, and elsewhere. Expanded traffic in flower crops appears to be the basis for the expanding range of this species. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), sometimes known as the American serpentine leafminer, readily infests greenhouses. As a vegetable pest, however, its occurrence is limited principally to tropical and subtropical regions.
Description and Life Cycle (Back to Top)
Leafminers have a relatively short life cycle. The time required for a complete life cycle in warm environments such as Florida is often 21 to 28 days, so numerous generations can occur annually in tropical climates. Leibee (1984) determined growth at a constant 25°C, and reported that about 19 days were required from egg deposition to emergence of the adult. Development rates increase with temperature up to about 30°C; temperatures above 30°C are usually unfavorable and larvae experience high mortality. Minkenberg (1988) indicated that at 25°C the egg stage required 2.7 days for development; the three active larval instars required 1.4, 1.4, and 1.8 days, respectively; and the time spent in the puparium was 9.3 days. Also, there was an adult preovipostion period that averaged 1.3 days. The temperature threshold for development of the various stages is 6 to 10°C except that egg laying requires about 12°C.
Egg: Eggs tend to be deposited in the middle of the plant; the adult seems to avoid immature leaves. The female deposits the eggs on the lower surface of the leaf, but they are inserted just below the epidermis. Eggs are oval in shape and small in size, measuring about 1.0 mm long and 0.2 mm wide. Initially they are clear but soon become creamy white in color.
Larva: Body and mouth part size can be used to differentiate instars; the latter is particularly useful. For the first instar the mean and range of body and mouth parts (cephalopharyngeal skeleton) lengths are 0.39 (0.33 to 0.53) mm and 0.10 (0.08 to 0.11) mm, respectively. For the second instar the body and mouth parts measurements are 1.00 (0.55 to 1.21) mm and 0.17 (0.15 to 0.18) mm, respectively. For the third instar the body and mouth parts measurements are 1.99 (1.26 to 2.62) mm and 0.25 (0.22 to 0.31) mm, respectively. A fourth instar occurs between puparium formation and pupation, but this is a nonfeeding stage and is usually ignored by authors. The puparium is initially golden brown in color, but turns darker brown with time.
Figure 1. Larva of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), in a mine in a squash (?) leaf. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida.
Figure 2. Larva of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), exposed from a mine in a squash (?) leaf. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida.
Figure 3. Pupa of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), and mines in a squash (?) leaf. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida.
Adult: Adults are small, measuring less than 2 mm in length, with a wing length of 1.25 to 1.9 mm. The head is yellow with red eyes. The thorax and abdomen are mostly gray and black although the ventral surface and legs are yellow. The wings are transparent. Key characters that serve to differentiate this species from the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, are the matte, grayish black mesonotum and the yellow hind margins of the eyes. In vegetable leafminer the mesonotum is shining black and the hind margin of the eyes is black. The small size of this species serves to distinguish it from pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), which has a wing length of 1.7 to 2.25 mm. Also, the yellow femora of American serpentine leafminer help to separate it from pea leafminer, which has darker femora.
Figure 4. Adult American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida.
Figure 5. Adult American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess).
Adults live about 13 to 18 days. Leibee (1984), working with celery as a host plant, estimated that oviposition occurred at a rate of 35 to 39 eggs per day, for a total fecundity of 200 to 400 eggs. Parrella et al. (1983) reported similar egg production rates on tomato, but lower total fecundity, because tomato is a less suitable larval host. The female makes numerous punctures of the leaf mesophyll with her ovipositor, and uses these punctures for feeding and egg laying. The proportion of punctures receiving an egg is about 25% in chrysanthemum and celery, both favored hosts, but only about 10% in tomato, which is less suitable for larval survival and adult longevity. Although the female apparently feeds on the exuding sap at all wounds, she spends less time feeding on unfavorable hosts. The males live only two to three days, possibly because they cannot puncture foliage and therefore feed less than females, whereas females usually survive for about a week. Typically they feed and oviposit during much of the daylight hours, but especially near mid-day.
A good summary of American serpentine leafminer biology was published by Minkenberg and van Lenteren (1986). Keys for the identification of agromyzid leafminers can be found in Spencer and Steyskal (1986).
Host Plants (Back to Top)
Liriomyza trifolii is perhaps best known as a pest of chrysanthemums and celery, but it has a wide host range. For example, Stegmaier (1966) reported 55 hosts from Florida, including bean, beet, carrot, celery, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, melon, onion, pea, pepper, potato, squash, and tomato. Flower crops that are readily infested and which are known to facilitate spread of this pest include chrysanthemum, gerbera, gypsophila, and marigold, but there are likely many other hosts, especially among the Compositae. Numerous broad-leaved weed species support larval growth. Schuster et al. (1991) found that the nightshade Solanum americanum; Spanish needles, Bidens alba; and pilewort, Erechtites hieracifolia; were suitable weed hosts in Florida.
Damage (Back to Top)
Punctures caused by females during the feeding and oviposition processes can result in a stippled appearance on foliage, especially at the leaf tip and along the leaf margins (Parrella et al. 1985). However, the major form of damage is the mining of leaves by larvae, which results in destruction of leaf mesophyll. The mine becomes noticeable about three to four days after oviposition and becomes larger in size as the larva matures. The pattern of mining is irregular. Both leaf mining and stippling can greatly depress the level of photosynthesis in the plant. Extensive mining also causes premature leaf drop, which can result in lack of shading and sun scalding of fruit. Wounding of the foliage also allows entry of bacterial and fungal diseases.
Figure 6. Mine in tomato leaf caused by Liriomyza leafminer. Photograph by J. Castner, University of Florida.
Although leaf mining can reduce plant growth, crops such as tomato are quite resilient, and capable of withstanding considerable leaf damage. It is often necessary to have an average of one to three mines per tomato leaf before yield reductions occur (Levins et al. 1975, Schuster et al. 1976). In potatoes, Wolfenbarger (1954) reported sizable yield increases with as little as 25% reduction in leafminer numbers, but leafminers were considered to be less damaging than green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Leafminers are most damaging when they affect floricultural crops due to the low tolerance of such crops for any insect damage.
Natural Enemies (Back to Top)
Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) of the families Braconidae, Eulophidae, and Pteromalidae are important in natural control, and in the absence of insecticides usually keep this insect at low levels of abundance. At least 14 parasitoid species are known from Florida alone. Species of Eulophidae such as Diglyphus begina (Ashmead), D. intermedius (Girault), D. pulchripes, and Chrysocharis parksi Crawford are generally found to be most important in studies conducted in North America, although their relative importance varies geographically and temporally (Minkenberg and van Lenteren 1986). Predators and diseases are not considered to be important, relative to parasitoids. However, both larvae and adults are susceptible to predation by a wide variety of general predators, particularly ants.
Management (Back to Top)
Sampling. There are many methods of assessing leafminer abundance. Counting mines in leaves is a good index of past activity, but many mines may be vacant. Counting live larvae in mines is time consuming, but more indicative of future damage. Puparia can be collected by placing trays beneath foliage to capture larvae as they evacuate mines, and the captures are highly correlated with the number of active miners. Adults can be captured by using adhesive applied to yellow cards or stakes. Sequential sampling plans for determining the need for treatment, based on the number of mined leaves, were developed by Wolfenbarger and Wolfenbarger (1966). Similar plans based on counts of puparia and flies were developed by Zehnder and Trumble (1985).
Insecticides. Chemical insecticides are commonly used to protect foliage from injury, but insecticide resistance is a major problem. Insecticide susceptibility varies widely among populations, and level of susceptibility is directly related to frequency of insecticide application. In Florida, longevity of insecticide effectiveness is often only two to four years, and then is usually followed by severe resistance among the treated populations. Rotation among classes of insecticides is recommended to delay development of resistance. Reduction in dose level and frequency of insecticide application, as well as preservation of susceptible populations through nontreatment of some areas, are suggested as means to preserve insecticide susceptibility among leafminer populations (Mason et al. 1989). Insect growth regulators have been more stable, but are not immune from the resistance problem.
Insecticides also are highly disruptive to naturally occurring biological control agents, particularly parasitoids. Use of many chemical insecticides exacerbates leafminer problems by killing parasitoids of leafminers. This usually results when insecticides are applied for lepidopterous insects, and use of more selective pest control materials such as Bacillus thuringiensis is recommended as it allows survival of the leafminer parasitoids.
Insect Management Guide for
Insect Management Guide for ornamentals
Biological control. Because parasitoids often provide effective suppression of leafminers in the field when disruptive insecticides are not used, there has been interest in release of parasitoids into crops. This occurs principally in greenhouse-grown crops, but is also applicable to field conditions. Parrella et al. (1989) published information on mass rearing Diglyphus begini for inoculative release. Steinernema nematodes have also been evaluated for suppression of leaf mining activity. One of the most complete studies, by Hara et al. (1993), showed that high levels of relative humidity (at least 92%) were needed to attain even moderately high (greater than 65%) levels of parasitism. Adjuvants that enhance nematode survival increase levels of leafminer mortality (Broadbent and Olthof 1995), but thus far nematodes are not considered to be a practical solution to leafminer infestations.
Cultural practices. Because broadleaf weeds and senescent crops may serve as sources of inoculum, destruction of weeds and deep plowing of crop residues are recommended. Adults experience difficulty in emerging if they are buried deeply in soil.
Cultural practices such as mulching and staking of vegetables may influence both leafminers and their natural enemies. Price and Poe (1976) reported that leafminer numbers were higher when tomatoes were grown with plastic mulch or tied to stakes. At least part of the reason seems to be due to lower parasitoid activity in plots where tomatoes were staked.
Selected References (Back to Top)
- Broadbent AB, Olthof THA. 1995. Foliar application of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to control Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae in chrysanthemums. Environmental Entomology 24: 431-435.
- Fasulo TR. (2002). Vegetable Insects 1 and Vegetable Insects 2. Bug Tutorials. University of Florida/IFAS. CD-ROM. SW 173.
- Hara AH, Kaya HK, Gaugler R, Lebeck LM, Mello CL. 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Dipt.: Agromyzidae). Entomophaga 38: 359-369.
- Leibee GL. 1984. Influence of temperature on development and fecundity of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on celery. Environmental Entomology 13: 497-501
- Levins RA, Poe SL, Littell RC, Jones JP. 1975. Effectiveness of a leafminer control program for Florida tomato production. Journal of Economic Entomology 68: 772-774.
- Mason GA, Tabashnik BE, Johnson MW. 1989. Effects of biological and operational factors on evolution of insecticide resistance in Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 369-373.
- Minkenberg OPJM. 1988. Life history of the agromyzid fly Liriomyza trifolii on tomato at different temperatures. Entomologica Experimentalis et Appliciata 48: 73-84.
- Minkenberg OPJM, van Lenteren JC. 1986. The leafminers Liriomyza bryoniae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae), their parasites and host plants: a review. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 86-2. 50 pp.
- Parrella MP, Robb KL, Bethke J. 1983. Influence of selected host plants on the biology of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76: 112-115.
- Parrella MP, Jones VP, Youngman RR, Lebeck LM. 1985. Effect of leaf mining and leaf stippling of Liriomyza spp. on photosynthetic rates of chrysanthemum. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78: 90-93.
- Parrella MP, Yost JT, Heinz KM, Ferrentino GW. 1989. Mass rearing of Diglyphus begini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for biological control of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 420-425.
- Price JF, Poe SL. 1976. Response of Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasites to stake and mulch culture of tomatoes. Florida Entomologist 59: 85-87.
- Schuster DJ, Jones JP, Everett PH. 1976. Effect of leafminer control on tomato yield. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 89: 154-156.
- Schuster DJ, Gilreath JP, Wharton RA, Seymour PR. 1991. Agromyzidae (Diptera) leafminers and their parasitoids in weeds associated with tomato in Florida. Environmental Entomology 20: 720-723.
- Spencer KA, Steyskal GC. 1986. Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. USDA, ARS Agricultural Handbook 638. 478 pp.
- Stegmaier CE. 1966. Host plants and parasites of Liriomyza trifolii in Florida (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Florida Entomologist 49: 75-80.
- Wilkerson JL, Webb SE, Capinera JL. (2005). Vegetable Pests I: Coleoptera - Diptera - Hymenoptera. UF/IFAS CD-ROM. SW 180.
- Wolfenbarger DO. 1954. Potato yields associated with control of aphids and the serpentine leaf miner. Florida Entomologist 37: 7-12.
- Wolfenbarger DA, Wolfenbarger DO. 1966. Tomato yields and leaf miner infestations and a sequential sampling plan for determining need for control treatments. Journal of Economic Entomology 59: 279-283.
- Zehnder GW, Trumble JT. 1984. Spatial and diel activity of Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in fresh market tomatoes. Environmental Entomology 13: 1411-1416.
- Zehnder GW, Trumble JT. 1985. Sequential sampling plans with fixed levels of precision for Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in fresh market tomatoes. Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 138-142.


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BELLFLOWER - The California Supreme Court Thursday upheld a man's conviction and death sentence for the December 1988 robbery and murder of an armored car courier who had just picked up money from a Bellflower supermarket.
The state's highest court unanimously rejected the defense's claim that there were errors in Marchand Elliott's trial for the Dec. 15, 1988, slaying of Patrick Rooney at a Lucky Supermarket on Lakewood Boulevard.
Elliott grabbed Rooney's gun and a canvas money bag containing more than $64,000 in cash and about $30,000 in checks and ran back through the store's warehouse area, where he pointed a gun at a store employee before he escaped in a van that drove up, according to the ruling.
Among the defense's contentions were that a prosecutor committed misconduct by arguing that Elliott's courtroom misbehavior - involving an incident in which he stood up at threw an apple at the judge and two apples that struck jurors - could be considered in determining whether he should be sentenced to death or life in prison without the possibility of parole.
Elliott was sentenced to death in June 1992.


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Selena Gomez to sing at Dallas Cowboys Thanksgiving halftime
Listen to Selena Gomez on iHeartRadio
Selena Gomez will perform at halftime during the Dallas Cowboys' game on Thanksgiving Day, kicking off The Salvation Army's 123rd Red Kettle Campaign.
The singer said on Sunday, "Dallas is my hometown, and to be invited to perform on behalf of The Salvation Army is such a great honor."
"Giving back is so important, and I am looking forward to kicking off the iconic Red Kettle Campaign and getting those bells ringing across the nation to help families and children in need," she added.
Since partnering with the Cowboys on Thanksgiving Day 1997, the Red Kettle Campaign has raised $1.75 billion for food, shelter, clothes, toys and other services for families in need.
Past Red Kettle Kickoff performers have included Kelly Clarkson, Enrique Iglesias, theJonas Brothers, Keith Urban, Destiny's Child, and Reba McEntire.
Will you be watching Selena perform on Thanksgiving Day?
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Bernina Group > Piz Bernina > Climber's Log
Piz Bernina Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
|Via Biancograt
Date Climbed: Aug 18, 2014
|We reached the summit of Piz Bianco at 3995 meter, but failed Piz Bernina because the wind blew very hard and the summit was too risky.
|Posted Aug 20, 2014 10:10 am
|Biancograt solo
Date Climbed: Aug 16, 1987
|Great "arete course"!
|Posted Mar 7, 2013 9:09 am
|Andrey Pramatarov
|Spallagrat up/down
Date Climbed: Aug 8, 2012
|Amazing! Knife-edge ridge and wonderful views!
|Posted Feb 13, 2013 6:53 am
|Beautiful weather on Biancograt
Date Climbed: Jul 19, 2008
|Climbed up Bernina in beatiful weather from Biancograt to Marco e Rosa hut.
|Posted Sep 18, 2012 4:54 am
|From Marco e Rosa
Date Climbed: Jul 9, 2012
|We had perferct weather/conditions with no wind and plenty of sunshine. We were alone on the ridge! Next time - Biancograt!
|Posted Jul 31, 2012 7:59 am
|Silvia Mazzani
|Normal Route
Date Climbed: Sep 15, 1982
|From Marco e Rosa Hut.
|Posted Jan 4, 2012 12:40 pm
|Normal route
|July 2005. From rif. Marinelli
|Posted Oct 28, 2011 6:44 pm
|[X] Bird
Date Climbed: Aug 2, 2011
|Did the famous bianco ridge. Lots of snow fell during the summer so the old route variation to get onto the col where the ridge starts was possible and we did not have to use the klettersteig. I had high expectations, probably because the ridge looks nicer from a distance compared to when you are actually on it. In the end a nice climb on good rock. But the ridge is best appreciated from a distance, you probably have a great view from Piz Morteratsch.
|Posted Sep 14, 2011 11:28 am
|Route Climbed: Biancograt Date Climbed: august 2011
|Climbed the beautiful Biancograt in winter conditions. A lot of snow made ascent from Fuorcla Prievlusa to Piz Bianco quite easy and straight forward, the ridge to Piz Bernina however was a little bit more demanding...although it's not so hard after all. Didn't suffer the crowds which were leaving with us from the Tschierva Hut, even alone at the summit around 11.00 o'clock. Nice trip with descent to Marco e Rosa Hut.
|Posted Aug 20, 2011 10:29 am
|From Marco E Rosa Hut
Date Climbed: Jul 10, 2009
|With Jan
|Posted Mar 2, 2011 10:08 am
|La Spedla
Date Climbed: Aug 12, 2009
|We had started the day at Rifugio Marinelli Bombardieri and climbed the normal Italian route. After that, we spent the night at Rifugio Marco e Rosa. A wonderful climb!
|Posted Jan 10, 2011 5:20 pm
|Peter K
|Route Climbed: Biancograt
Date Climbed: Jul 27, 2009
|The Bianco ridge made me smile all the way up. Stunning view and definitely worth the name "Himmelsleiter"!
We came from the Tschierva Hut, descended via the Spallagrat to the Marco e Rosa Hut and continued the other day via the Piz Palü traverse to Diavolezza.
|Posted Aug 18, 2009 10:51 am
|normal way
|after not reaching via bianco we did the normal route from diavolezza - Piz palü - bellavista - rif. marinelli
|Posted Sep 20, 2008 12:24 pm
|Bianco Ridge
Date Climbed: Jul 19, 2005
|Took us some time to get up.. Arrived at Marco e Rosa at 19:00
|Posted Sep 7, 2008 7:55 am
|Bianco Grat
Date Climbed: Aug 5, 2008
|Up the Bianco Ridge, down Spalla. Long but rewarding.
|Posted Aug 7, 2008 7:19 pm
|normal route
|Started from the marco e rosa hutte and went to the summit. Finished the tour by traversing the palu to diavolezza. All during NKBV C3
|Posted Aug 6, 2008 11:11 am
|Italian normal route
Date Climbed: Jul 25, 2008
|Excelent weather conditions. Reached Marco & Rosa hut by the ferrata. Descending the first part on the Cresta Guzza couloir.
|Posted Jul 26, 2008 1:16 pm
|Biancograt from Tschiervahut
Date Climbed: Jul 31, 2004
|Route: Pontresina - Val Roseg (with MTB) - Tschiervahut - Biancograt - Piz Bernina - Rif. Marco e Rosa - Morteratsch - Val Roseg (horse ride) - Tschiervahut (getting key for MTB) - Pontresina. Everything took a little bit longer then planned...
Images from this Piz Bernina climb.
|Posted Mar 18, 2008 3:41 pm
|Piz Bernina
Date Climbed: Jun 18, 2005
|Great Tour to Piz Bernina 4049m
my picture are here: Link to Piz Bernina 4049m
|Posted Nov 8, 2007 5:00 am
|Bernina - me 1:0
Date Climbed: Jun 27, 2007
|Another annoying defeat... Italian normal route.
We just reached the climbing section of the final ridge, some 120 m below the summit... We slowed down in progress, and found out it will take 2 more hours to get to the summit, and the same back.
And those ugly big towering clouds were getting closer and closer from the southwest, and we didn't want to get in trouble.
So turned around, and as soon as we descended the last rope length to the snow slope, we got covered totally with a white-out. A bit later the snow began to fall, and we realized we made a good decision.
Next time.... via Biancograt
|Posted Oct 10, 2007 3:27 am