text:
Battle of Arras 8
The Film
Running Time
12 min
Topical Film Company
Aftermath of the German retreat to the Hindenburg line, and the Battle of Arras, Western Front, March-April 1917. Soldiers of 10th (London Stock Exchange) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and Royal West Kents march up to the battlefield for the attack. German prisoners and wounded come back, but no fighting is shown. Men of the King's Liverpool Regiment and King's Own Shropshire Light Infantry move up.
Pieces of History
Canada's Mounted Troops
Major Michael R. McNorgan
Instructor, Royal Military College, Kingston
At the beginning of the First World War, horsed cavalry was still an army's principal mobile arm. However, after the onset of static trench warfare on the Western Front in late 1914 – with thick barbed wire barriers and large numbers of machine guns protecting defensive works – the battlefield utility of cavalry was greatly diminished. Cavalry was nonetheless retained in large numbers because of the perennial hope of breaking through the enemy's line and rolling up his defences from the rear. Thus, for virtually every major offensive operation during the war, cavalry divisions were kept in reserve.
Canada contributed two distinct groups of cavalry during the War – the Canadian Cavalry Brigade and an independent cavalry regiment known as the Canadian Light Horse.
Canadian Cavalry Brigade
This Canadian Cavalry Brigade was formed in England in the autumn of 1915, consisting of permanent force units, the Royal Canadian Dragoons and Lord Strathcona's Horse, along with the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. In early 1916, The Fort Garry Horse, a militia regiment from Winnipeg, was added, along with a Cavalry Brigade Machine Gun Squadron equipped with Vickers machine guns. The Canadian Cavalry Brigade served as part of a British cavalry division for the remainder of the war. Its first mounted action was at the Somme in the summer of 1916. When cavalry units were not needed as reserves for an offensive operation, they were often employed dismounted to occupy quiet sectors of the front.
The Brigade again saw mounted action in March 1917 when tasked to pursue an unexpected German withdrawal to a new defensive position called the Hindenburg Line. During this pursuit, Lieutenant Harvey of Lord Strathcona's Horse earned the brigade's first Victoria Cross for valour during the liberation of a French village. By the time of the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 – best known as the first major tank offensive of the war – the Canadian cavalry was judged to be among the best brigades in the British Cavalry Corps, and it was tasked to serve in the lead of a large cavalry exploitation force. During this operation, a single Canadian squadron was the only cavalry to penetrate German lines, and Lieutenant Strachan of The Fort Garry Horse was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry.
The Brigade served with great distinction during the German's March 1918 offensive toward Amiens, riding from place to place assisting in slowing the relentless enemy advance. Its final action in this operation took place at Moreuil Wood, where Lieutenant Flowerdew of Lord Strathcona's Horse won a posthumous Victoria Cross for leading a gallant cavalry charge against German machine guns. After the war, Marshal Foch, the Allied supreme commander, credited the Canadians with halting the German offensive at Moreuil and preventing the separation of the French and British armies. Later in that final year of the war, the Canadian Cavalry Brigade was in action during the great Canadian Corps victory over the Germans at Amiens in August, and it played an important part in following up the German retreat in the last two months of the war.
Canadian Light Horse
Until May 1916, three of the four infantry divisions of the Canadian Corps maintained their own independent cavalry squadron of some 150 all ranks . These squadrons – from the 19th Alberta Dragoons, the 1st Hussars and the 16th Light Horse – were then amalgamated into an ad hoc regiment that reported directly to Canadian Corps Headquarters. In early 1917, this unit was named the Canadian Light Horse.
The Canadian Light Horse first saw action as a mounted unit in the consolidation of the ground captured in the attack on Vimy Ridge in April 1917. The CLH played a major role in the fighting at Iwuy on October 10, 1918, where the last ever swords-drawn charge by Canadian cavalry took place. During the pursuit of the Germans in the final month of the war, CLH squadrons were always well out in front as a scouting force, ensuring that the Canadian divisions would not be surprised by German lay-back patrols. When the war ended for the Canadians in Mons Belgium on November 11, 1918, the Canadian Light Horse was already well beyond the city.
Modern armoured fighting vehicles – tanks and armoured cars – owe their development in part to the stalemate created on the Western Front by the deadly combination of machine guns and thick belts of barbed wire protecting trench lines, along with massive artillery bombardments that could be brought down with great accuracy on an attacking force. The problem of how an attacking force could be strengthened to overcome well-defended trenches had been studied by British scientists since late 1914. They came up with the idea of a 'land ship' – a tracked vehicle protected by armour plate, large enough that it could carry guns or machine guns, drive over belts of barbed wire, and crossover trenches. This highly secret vehicle was given the code name 'tank'.
Tanks were first introduced in limited numbers during the battle of the Somme in mid-September 1916, and the Canadian Corps was given seven (these models were called the Mark I) for its attack on the village of Courcellette. But these early versions were mechanical nightmares; almost all broke down before they got anywhere close to the German lines. Still, scientists kept improving their tank designs. Finally, in November 1917, tanks were used in large numbers in a successful offensive at Cambrai: the era of mechanized warfare had been born. Tanks then played major roles in the Battle of Amiens in August 1918, in the breaking of the Hindenburg Line in September, and in the pursuit of the retreating Germans in October and November 1918.
Early in 1918 many thought the war might well last into 1919, and the Canadian Army agreed to raise tank units. The 1st Canadian Tank Battalion was recruited from university students, and in June 1918 it was sent to England to begin training at the British Tank School. Despite the general aversion to volunteering at this stage in the war, a 2nd Battalion was also quickly raised. The 1st Tank Battalion had just completed its training and was preparing to leave for the front when the Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Thus, while no Canadian tank unit saw action in the war, many Canadians did serve in British tank battalions, and in a number of instances displayed their nationalism by painting maple leafs prominently on their vehicles.
In 1914, Canada created the world's first armoured unit. The driving force behind this achievement was Raymond Brutinel, a wealthy engineer originally from France, who had the idea that lightly armoured vehicles designed to carry machine guns would be especially useful. He offered to raise the funds for the vehicles, a suggestion which was readily accepted by the government. Brutinel designed the vehicles, had them built, purchased the machine guns, and recruited the soldiers, all within two months. His new unit was given the name 'Automobile Machine Gun Brigade No. 1'. In the next few months three other mobile machine gun units were raised, all paid for by private subscription – the Eaton Battery, the Borden Battery and the Yukon Battery. All four units found their way to France where, in 1915, they were amalgamated under Brutinel's command as the Canadian Motor Machine Gun Brigade.
Brutinel's Motors came into their own in the last year of the war, when the stalemate of trench warfare had been broken. This highly mobile force played an especially important role in stemming the onslaught of the Germans' March 1918 offensive, and a second similar brigade was formed. The Motors were a valuable part of a composite formation of cavalry, armoured cars and cyclists, termed 'The Independent Force', during the Battle of Amiens in August 1918. Between September and November this force led the Canadian Corps from one victory to another during the pursuit to Valenciennes and finally to Mons on November 11, when the war ended.
At the beginning of the war, each Canadian division had its own company of cyclists – troops equipped with sturdy bicycles whose tasks included field security and aspects of military intelligence. In the static conditions on the Western Front, they were not very useful, so they tended to be used as guards or labourers. In May 1916 the four companies were amalgamated as The Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion. In 1918, the battalion was included in Brigadier-General Brutinel's 'Independent Force', and there they served valiantly at Amiens and in the Pursuit to Mons as a form of mounted infantry – riding to the scene of action, dismounting and then fighting as infantry.
Selected Bibliography
Ellis, W.D., ed. Saga of the Cyclists in the Great War 1914-1918. Toronto: Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion Association, 1965.
Lynch, Alex. Dad, the Motors and the Fifth Army Show: The German Offensive, March 1918. Kingston, ON: Lawrence Publications, 1978.
---. The Glory of Their Times : 1st Canadian Motor Machine Gun Brigade, March 1918. Kingston, ON: Lawrence Publications, 2001.
Marteinson, John and Michael R. McNorgan. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000.
Mitchell, G.D., Brian Reid and W. Simcock. RCHA - Right of the Line : An Anecdotal History of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery from 1871. Ottawa: RCHA History Committee, 1986.
Wallace, J.F. Dragons of Steel: Canadian Armour in Two World Wars. Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1995.
Williams, S.H. Stand to Your Horses : Through the First World War, 1914-1918 with the Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians). Winnipeg: Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Regimental Society, 1999 (1961).
German Prisoners of War
Jonathan F. Vance
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Conflict and Culture, Department of History, University of Western Ontario
The emotion of fear probably came first since the moment of capture was the most dangerous time for a prisoner. It was a reality of the First World War that the protection given to prisoners under the 1907 Hague Convention was not always observed in the front lines. Throwing aside one's rifle and yelling "Kamarad" was no guarantee that the plea for mercy would be heeded, particularly if the approaching soldier had seen his unit decimated by enemy fire. By the same token, a platoon that was weakened by casualties and struggling to hold a hard-won position sometimes could not spare a couple of infantrymen to escort prisoners to the rear areas. In such cases, soldiers implicitly understood that the safest option for their unit was to shoot the prisoners and keep it to themselves.
And then there were the rumours that circulated through both sides of no man's land about a particular battalion that never took prisoners, or about captives who were killed rather than being sent to the safety of a prison camp. A soldier who had been fired up by such stories might well wave aside his enemy's pleas and pull the trigger instead. The faces you see in these films, then, represent the lucky ones, the soldiers who actually survived to become prisoners.
We should also be aware that there did exist a degree of sympathy between soldiers. Atrocities were committed on both sides, but often the sight of a cowering enemy soldier elicited a feeling of pity in the attacking soldier. This is not the demonic Hun depicted by the propagandists, he might think; this is a man like me, with a family, perhaps a wife and children. We are both caught in a war that is not our doing; I will treat him as I hope he would treat me, with kindness and consideration.
The exhausted Canadian sharing coffee and hardtack with a captured German became a stock propaganda image, as a way to demonstrate the kindness of our Canadian boys overseas. But just because they were propagandized does not mean such situations did not take place. On the contrary, many a soldier would share with his prisoner a water bottle, a packet of rations or a cigarette, because the fact that he was a fellow soldier was now more important than the fact that he was an enemy. There is genuine good humour in the image of the captor clowning with the captive by putting on his cap and pulling a face.
Once the new prisoner made it through the moment of capture and reached relative safety, his experiences in captivity became more typical. The First World War was a very labour-intensive conflict. It was the first truly mechanized war, but much of the heavy work was still done the old-fashioned way – by tens of thousands of men digging, carrying, lifting and moving. Neither side had any scruples about using prisoners as forced labour in or directly behind the front lines. We know that German units used their POWs to dig trenches, move ammunition and carry supplies – all tasks forbidden under international law – and Canadians may well have done the same. But such scenes would never have made it onto film. Instead, a much more common image is of German soldiers acting as stretcher bearers, bringing the wounded, Canadian and German alike, to safety. For the captors, this had the advantage of freeing up infantrymen who had been temporarily co-opted as stretcher bearers – every German prisoner who could carry a stretcher meant that one Canadian could go back to the firing line. But it also had value for the prisoners themselves. Many contemporary accounts tell of new prisoners who were almost pathetically keen to prove themselves useful by helping with the wounded. Carrying a stretcher, after all, was much better than being shot.
Prisoners were also a valuable source of information. They were searched for maps, papers or anything else that could have intelligence value (or even monetary value – Canadian soldiers were known as tireless souvenir hunters, and quickly stripped any item that could be sold to non-combatant troops in the rear areas. Rifles, canteens and other military equipment were confiscated and sent to salvage dumps. Then, German-speaking officers questioned the men about their unit and the defences on their side of the line. Probably, few POWs were as helpful as some of those who were filmed (including the one who is evidently hard of hearing, likely from artillery bombardment), but the evidence suggests that prisoners were actually forthcoming with information about what was going on in their own trenches.
Finally, the symbolic significance of prisoners should not be underestimated. It was important to depict German prisoners on film because they were very visible signs of success on the battlefield. In the bloodbaths of 1916 and 1917, when success was measured in yards of pulverized earth, scenes of a few bedraggled German soldiers proved that something concrete had been achieved. The Battle of the Somme, for example, was a notorious example of horrific casualties sustained for very little territorial gain, but footage of prisoners being marched away from the battlefield in this clip at least proved that there were a few enemy infantrymen who would never again fire on Canadian soldiers.
In the open campaigns that began in the summer of 1918, prisoners became even more dramatic evidence of success. Now, it was possible to show to Canadians images of long lines of Germans soldiers captured in battle as the Canadian Expeditionary Force swept across northern France. Scenes of POWs being marched away from the battle for Bourlon Wood in 1918, often combined with pictures of rows of captured artillery pieces, confirmed to people at home that the tide had finally turned. The Allies had the Germans on the run, and such images seemed to prove that they were just as happy to surrender as fight.
Statistics on German POWs captured by Canadian troops are far from complete. We know that over 4000 were captured at Vimy Ridge in April 1917; over 5000 on August 8, 1918, the first day of the Battle of Amiens; and roughly 6000 in the three-day battle for the Drocourt-Quéant line in September 1918. But these are only three of dozens of engagements fought by the Canadian divisions, and the total number of prisoners taken may never be known. In any case, the cold statistics tell us less about the experience of captivity than these moving images. The men we see remain nameless, but their faces speak volumes about the impact of war on the individual.
Selective bibliography :
Cochet, François. "Le traitement des prisonniers de guerre en 1914-1918 : le rčgne de la réciprocité ?", in 14-18, le Magazine de la Grande Guerre, n° 23, Décembre 2003 - Janvier 2004.
Jackson, Robert. The Prisoners, 1914-18. New York: Routledge, 1989.
Morton, Desmond. Silent battle : Canadian prisoners of war in Germany, 1914-1919. Toronto : Lester Pub., 1992.
Moynihan, Michael, ed. Black Bread and Barbed Wire: Prisoners in the First World War. London: Leo Cooper, 1978.
Speed, Richard. Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Vance, Jonathan F., ed. Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War and Internment. Denver, CO: ABC-Clio, 2000.
Vance, Jonathan F. Objects of Concern: Canadian Prisoners of War Through the Twentieth Century. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1994.
Williamson, Samuel R. and Peter Pastor, eds. Essays on World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. NY: Brooklyn Coll, 1983.
Battlefield Medicine
Bill Rawling
Historian, Department of National Defence
On the battlefield, stretcher bearers, who were selected from the infantry or detached from a Field Ambulance unit, determined if the soldier needed to be treated, required immediate evacuation, or a combination of the two. The same process was repeated at the Regimental Aid Post (which was part of an infantry battalion at the front), at the Advanced Dressing Station (a section of a Field Ambulance), the Main Dressing Station (another section of the Field Ambulance), the Casualty Clearing Station, and the various forms of hospital near the front or well behind it, in England or even Canada.
The need for triage was not limited to times when the Canadian Corps was fighting battles—far from it—for disease had caused more casualties than combat since time immemorial. Even after such developments as vaccination in the 18th century and the studies of germs in the 19th, the sick were still plentiful among Canadian soldiers. Many conditions still forced tens of thousands to seek treatment. Among them were influenza, with some 65,000 ill in 1918-19; gonorrhea with over 45,000 ill in the course of the war; tonsillitis and sore throat with about 20,000 ill; syphilis with approximately 18,000; trench fever (caused by a bacterium transmitted by fleas), though non fatal, struck 18,000; myalgia (muscle pain) made some 15,000 sick, as did intestinal disease.
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), however, was free of the kinds of epidemic diseases that had caused such ravages in the Crimea, the Spanish-American War and South Africa.
Near the end of the conflict the medical corps did find itself in the midst of one of the great pandemics of human history, the influenza scourge of 1918–19. Killing millions, it can be compared to the plague of Justinian in the 6th century or the Black Death in the 14th. Though 30–50,000 Canadians would succumb to the disease, the great majority were on the home front and not members of the expeditionary force. According to official history, 3825 of those who went overseas died of disease, 776 of influenza.
The CEF still had a problem on its hands, as the illness "flooded the rest station and camps with sick" in the summer of 1918, and "The ailment was peculiar in that, while exhibiting the symptoms of influenza, it ran its course in a week or eight days. It spread rapidly and necessitated the promulgation of extensive and stringent precautionary orders to prevent its spread. All public places such as Unit Entertainments, YMCA Cinema Shows, Estaminets [small French cafés serving alcohol] &c were closed for a time. In the latter places it was permitted to serve drinks at tables outside the buildings."1
Treating Wounds
Such illness was in addition to the medical challenges posed by the weapons of war and by the very ground being fought over. The conflict on the Western Front took place mainly on farmland that had been well-fertilized with manure, and its accompanying bacteria, for decades or centuries. The result, according to Canada's official medical historian of the conflict, was that nearly all wounds were infected. Sulpha drugs would not become available until the 1930s, and antibiotics would have to await another world war before coming into use, so infection was a serious challenge that could only be met by irrigating wounds with available chemicals and convalescence that could last months.
Another danger of wounds on the battlefield was shock due to blood loss, which could be fatal. The simple solution, first attempted in 1916, was to replace the patient's blood with blood drawn from a donor; chemical preservatives and refrigeration allowed for the life-giving fluid to be stored for a period of time, and such blood was being transfused by the end of 1917. One practitioner was Norman Guiou, who recalled in April 1918:
We had our first opportunity to do several transfusions. The dressing station was set up in a Nissen hut, the stretchers were supported on trestles. There were a number of seriously wounded... One lad was brought in on a blood-soaked stretcher, with a shattered humerus - his upper arm swathed in copious blood-soaked dressings. A flicker of pulse was present. He was pale, "starey-eyed", and tossed about and pulled his wound tag off... We bled a donor about 750cc while the chaplain talked to him. If there is a dramatic procedure in medicine it is the blood transfusion. Color came into that lad's cheeks. He raised himself on his good elbow, drank tea, and ate some YMCA fancy biscuits, then was on to the casualty clearing station.2
Psychological Injuries
One final challenge is worthy of mention here, that of psychological injury. According to medical historian Tom Brown, the condition was "the storm centre of military medicine" at that time. Symptoms could include uncontrollable weeping, trembling, paralysis, deafness and other manifestations without known physical causes. At first it was called shell shock, as it was thought that it resulted from the shock wave of an exploding shell damaging the brain, but by the middle part of the war the condition was thought to be purely psychological in nature. The patient could be diagnosed as suffering from hysteria or neurasthenia and could receive shock
treatment, talk therapy or simple rest in a hospital out of earshot of artillery. Most of the Canadian soldiers who suffered from such injuries were sent to No 3 Canadian Stationary Hospital in France, which specialized in such care.
Hospitals serve as examples of just how complex the treatment of sick and wounded soldiers had become by the First World War. Institutions specialized in ear and eye conditions, rheumatism, psychological injury, tuberculosis, orthopaedics, and venereal disease, in addition to general, stationary and convalescent hospitals. In an industrialized war, hospitals could become battlefield targets. Many nursing sisters and patients were killed when a hospital was bombed in 1918. They were among the 504 medical practitioners killed on the battlefield serving with Canadian units; another 127 succumbed to disease.
1Library and Archives Canada, RG 9, III, v.4715, 107-20, Passchendaele to Gouy-en-Artois, June 1918
2Norman Guiou, Transfusion: A Canadian Surgeon's Story in War and Peace (Yarmouth, 1985), 34-35.
Selected Bibliography
McPhail, Andrew. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War 1914-19: The Medical Services. Ottawa: Department of National Defense, 1925.
Nicholson, G.W.L. Canada's Nursing Sisters. Toronto: S. Stevens, 1975.
---. Seventy Years of Service: A History of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. Ottawa: Borealis Press, 1977.
Rawling, Bill. Death their Enemy : Canadian Medical Practitioners and War. Ottawa: B. Rawling, 2001.
Engineers on the Western Front
Bill Rawling
Historian, Department of National Defence
The Western Front made huge demands in matériel, lumber being an excellent example. Wood was needed to revet trenches, support the roofs of dugouts, for plank or corduroy roads, and as sleepers for tramways and railways. These tasks became the responsibility of the military engineers, specialized forestry units being formed for the purpose. Lumberjacks, graders and other skilled men from within the lumber industry were recruited. They cut timber and ran their own sawmills to provide a finished product.
The first forestry companies in the war were formed in 1915, in France. More units were created in England to harvest the island's local resources. All of these were gathered into a corps in 1916 that eventually comprised 43 companies, and was of such a scale as to require its own hospital system. The men received more than the normal food rations, considering the fact that they were engaged in continuous hard labour.
Their work, in Britain and France, saved huge amounts in shipping costs, not to mention freeing up lumber supplies for such industrial endeavours as shoring up mines and building trawlers and other vessels. Nor did the forestry corps limit its work to cutting and preparing wood. Many of its units supported the Royal Air Force by clearing, draining, levelling and grading sites for aerodromes. By the time of the Armistice 11,750 men worked within its ranks, with another 6000 attached in various capacities.
Closer to the fighting there was a need for heavy-capacity means of transport to get the prodigious amounts of ammunition, food, water and other necessary matériel to the front line. One solution to such an intimidating logistical problem was the construction of tramways with specialized labour, with other specialists maintaining and operating the tractors and rolling stock. The result was a system of transport similar to that of a large North American city run by the Canadian Railway Troops. The troops worked on the Western Front and also in Palestine, the 1st Bridging Company serving there in the last part of the war. The system was, in fact, a merging of two networks, tramways closer to the front operating with gasoline-powered tractors while light railways a little farther behind used steam power, the whole being linked to France's broad gauge system, which had been built in the decades before the conflict.
In the end, the war became too mobile for railway troops to keep up, and when an Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918, the railways were some 30 kilometres behind the forward troops, in spite of the work of 25,000 railway construction engineers, two-thirds of them Canadian. Still, they had served their purpose in the almost four years of near-static warfare that characterized the Western Front from late 1914 to the summer of 1918.
It became clear in the early months of the First World War that operations above ground were distinctly hazardous, even suicidal, hence the trenches and dugouts in which soldiers took shelter. An obvious course was to begin operating underground, and within the Canadian Corps three specialized tunnelling companies were formed. Recruited in the main among miners and clay-kickers (the latter dug smaller tunnels to run gas and water mains under city streets), they began their work in 1915, and their role was multi-faceted. First, they used the galleries they excavated under enemy lines to listen in on his own work, the aim being to give fair warning if he began to threaten Canadian lines underground. Second, they might pack the galleries with explosives to destroy enemy defences; generally, however, such operations proved disappointing as German forces usually occupied the crater thus created before Canadian or British troops could reach it.
Tunnelling was particularly hazardous. Working underground can release toxic gas capable of disabling or killing, or one could find oneself tunnelling into an enemy gallery, leading to vicious little skirmishes fought with knives and digging tools. When fighting shifted from a mutual siege to more open warfare in 1918, tunnellers applied their skills to other work, disarming booby traps in dugouts and other underground facilities as the Allies advanced towards the German border. In fact, the only Canadian military engineer ever to be awarded the Victoria Cross was Captain C.N. Mitchell, a tunneller who in 1918 removed explosives from a bridge while under attack.
Field Engineering
The most versatile of the engineers operated on the front line. Originally organized in field companies of a hundred men or so, in 1918 they were reorganized into larger battalions and even brigades. Regardless of how they were administered, their tasks were widely varied. Just behind the front line they were responsible for building and maintaining roads, as well as providing water for humans and animals, the latter task requiring some of them at least to possess knowledge of how to locate and test the precious liquid. To give just two examples, part of the preparations for the assault on Vimy Ridge included laying over 40 miles (65 km) of four-inch (10 cm) pipe, with five pumping stations and a total storage capacity of 560,000 gallons. Following the successful advance at Amiens in August 1918, one of the deepest penetrations achieved on the Western Front, the Canadian Corps and its allies found itself in the midst of a plain scorched dry by the summer sun, but engineers needed only two days to locate sufficient water to keep forward troops satiated.
In the front lines proper, sappers, as they were called, dug trenches, or oversaw this work done by the infantry work parties, and prepared defensive positions with the copious use of barbed wire. On occasion, as for a trench raid, for example, they were called upon to destroy such wire, using long cylinders filled with explosive called ammonal tubes or bangalore torpedoes. When that front line advanced, as in 1918, bridging became a most crucial sapper task, as forward movement could not be maintained without ammunition, water, food, and the other necessities of making war, all of which needed to be transported forward on roads or railways, both of which needed bridges to get across rivers and other, similar obstacles. Small structures made of cork sufficed to get the infantry across, while prefabricated materials called Inglis bridges carried heavier loads.
At the time of the Armistice what could be called field engineers (as opposed to railway and forestry troops) could count 14,285 men within their ranks, with responsibilities only somewhat less diverse than their numbers.
Selected Bibliography
Kerry, A.J. and W.A. McDill. The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, Volume I (1749-1939). Ottawa : Military Engineers Association of Canada, 1962.
Chaplin-Thomas, Charmion, Vic Johnson and Bill Rawling. Ubique! : Canadian Military Engineers : A Century of Service. Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing House, 2003.
Artillery: The Great Killer
Tim Cook
Historian, Canadian War Museum
In 1914 and 1915, artillery proved it was the great killer. For those caught in the open, shrapnel and high explosive shells wreacked havoc. Thousands were left rotting on the battlefields. However, artillery guns were vulnerable to small arms fire, and they could be driven away from the front. But the guns were soon firing indirectly from hidden positions several kilometeres to the rear, still causing terrible damage. Soldiers were forced to find safety in trenches, digging beneath the ground to escape the murderous fire.
As trenches were strengthened with barbed wire, deep dugouts, and machine -guns, an enormous weight of fire was needed to smash the enemy defences and support the infantry. But there were not always enough shells in the early years to feed the guns. And so the infantry were killed in the tens of thousands as they attacked undamaged enemy trenches in frontal assaults. As the war lengthened, artillerymen received nearly unlimited supplies of shells through the enormous production of munitions factories. New tactics were also developed to improve the accuracy of the guns.
Artillery shells contained high explosives, shrapnel, and, later in the war, poison gas and smoke. Both the high explosive and shrapnel shells were timed to detonate in the air above a target. High explosive shells blasted holes in the trenches and the concussion alone could kill, as lungs collapsed under the force of the explosion. Shrapnel shells were equally deadly, consisting of more than 300 rounded metal balls that exploded downward in a cone-shaped rain of whirling metal. As well, the casing of the shell was designed to explode outward, creating jagged, uneven shards of steel that tore through flesh.
By 1916, commanders believed that massive artillery shoots, involving hundreds of thousands of shells, would annihilate the enemy defenders. This would allow the infantry to punch a hole through enemy lines and restore mobility on the Western Front.
However, it was often hard to hit, and then destroy, the narrow and well-fortified trenches. The problem also lay in the shell fuses. Earlier types were not sensitive enough to explode on contact, especially with shells tasked to clear barbed wire. As a result, many of the shells exploded in the ground, killing very few of the enemy, leaving the infantry to fight their way through defences-in-depth. By the end of 1916, newer, sensitive fuses that exploded on the slightest contact harnessed the destructive power of the artillery and, equally important to the infantry, cleared barbed wire from in front of enemy trenches.
Tactics again changed during the later phases of the bloody battles of the Somme in the last half of 1916. The gunners would never be able to destroy all of the German defences, and even one machine -gunner could kill hundreds of attacking infantry. Instead, the artillery sought to suppress enemy fire through a "creeping barrage," and give their own attacking infantry enough time to cross the killing zone of nNo Mman's Lland.
Gunners fired their shells to create a "creeping" wall of fire that slowly moved forward over the enemy lines at fixed intervals: 50 yards (46 m) every couple of minutes, less for muddy ground, more for open warfare. In effect, it was a screen of fire and explosives. As this moving wall of shrapnel and high explosives chewed up the ground in its path, the infantry were told to "lean into the barrage" and stay as close as possible. Although friendly fire was expected and occurred, the casualties would still be lighter than if the creeping barrage moved off and allowed German machine -gunners, waiting in the safety of deep dugouts, to get to the top of their trenches before the infantry crossed nNo Mman's lLand.
At the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April 1917, the gunners had perfected the creeping barrage. Yet enemy gunners still took a fearful toll as they laid down their own counter-barrages to catch the follow-on waves of infantry. The enemy guns had to be stopped, or slowed, but it was exceedingly difficult to identify, target, and destroy camouflaged guns several kilometeres away.
Accurate intelligence was essential, and new and refined forms of science aided the gunners. The Canadian Corps was lucky to have Brigadier-General Andrew McNaughton, commander of the counter-battery office for much of the war, who embraced new technology and tactics. A prewar professor at McGill University, he turned to science to save his soldiers lives.
The Canadian Counter Battery Office (CCBO), established in February 1917, gathered intelligence and processed information on the enemy to assist in knocking out his guns. Aerial reconnaissance from the Royal Flying Corps (later Royal Air Force) was of great assistance as airmen photographed the front from great heights. Later in the war, observation aircraft circled the battlefield, passing real-time information to the gunners through letter drops and primitive wireless radio.
As the CCBO developed after April 1917, this information-gathering and target-selection became more sophisticated, with new technology, like sound-ranging and flash-spotting, assisting gunners to find and destroy enemy targets.
Flash-spotting involved the coordination of observers. At least three posts were needed, usually spread out along several kilometeres. When an enemy gun position was spotted by the revealing flash as the shell left the barrel, the observers were telephoned by headquarters to turn their attention to that spot. After studying the flash of the gun, the observers would hit a key that was connected to a lamp at headquarters. From the observers' bearings, and by triangulating their estimates, enemy guns could be located with high precision.
Sound-ranging worked on a similar principle. Listeners sat two kilometeres behind the line with their microphones. Additional posts were manned well ahead of these positions. As long as there was not more than one shell per second being fired, on hearing the crash of an enemy gun, the forward listening post pressed a key that started an oscillograph, an instrument that recorded on film the sound of the shell in flight as it reached each microphone in turn. The time-intervals between the microphones allowed the CCBO to analyse the information and, if conditions were optimal, pinpoint enemy guns to within twenty-five 25 yards (23 m). All available counter-battery guns would be aimed on that spot to deliver a destructive shoot of 50-100 shells. Chemical shells were also used to kill or force the enemy gunners to wear debilitating respirators that severely affected the rate of fire.
In the last year of the war, artillery had perfected the creeping barrage and was steadily improving its counter-battery work. Further tactical refinement allowed gunners to fire more complicated barrages, like a box barrage. The box barrages set up a wall of fire and explosives around an enemy position —-- usually a trench —-- which effectively isolated it from reinforcements. It allowed assaulting Canadian infantrymen to capture and consolidate a position without fear of immediate counterattack.
By war's end, 43,914 gunners had served in the Canadian artillery, and 2,565 had lost their lives from disease, injury, and battlefield wounds. They had fired tens of millions of shells, reducing the landscape to a desolate wasteland, and an estimated 60% of all wounds were inflicted by shell fire. The First World War was indeed a gunner's war.
Selected Bibliography
Cook, Tim. No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999.
McNaughton, A.G.L. "Counter-Battery Work." Canadian Defence Quarterly 3, 4 (July, 1926).
McNaughton, A.G.L. "The Development of Artillery in the Great War." Canadian Defence Quarterly 4, 2 (January, 1929).
Nicholson, G.W.L. The Gunners of Canada: The History of the Royal Regiment of the Canadian Artillery, Vol. 1: 1534-1919 Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1967.
Rawling, William. Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914-1918. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.
Swettenham, John. McNaughton, Volume I. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1968.
Other Materials
The Withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line
none the less hard-fought engagements preparatory to larger operations, pushed the
enemy five miles up the Ancre valley on a four-mile front; and on the night of 22-23
February the Germans fell back three more miles across a front of fifteen miles. The
inability of his forces to withstand British pressure in their present positions strengthened Crown Prince Rupprecht's argument for a general retirement to the Hindenburg Line at an early date. On 30 January Ludendorff agreed, not only because the consequent shortening of the front would release thirteen divisions and many artillery units for the projected offensive in Italy, but also because a general retirement could be expected to upset French and British campaign plans. It was in the German interest to delay as long as possible any struggle on the Western Front, in order to allow time for results from the campaign of unrestricted warfare by submarine and cruiser which had begun on 1 February. The deciding factor, however, appears to have been the need for time to replenish supplies of guns and shells, deliveries of which had fallen far short of von Hindenburg's orders and expectations.
On 4 February the High Command issued an order over the Kaiser's signature for a
withdrawal of the Seventh Army's right wing, the Second and First Armies, and the left wing of the Sixth Army to the Hindenburg Line between 15 and 18 March. This operation was aptly code-named "Alberich", after the malicious dwarf of the Nibelungen saga,28 for it called for the devastation of the whole area to be abandoned - nearly 100 miles of front between Soissons and Arras, averaging almost 20 miles in depth. Under this "scorched earth" policy all military installations and useful war material were removed from the existing forward zone, townspeople and villagers were evacuated and their communities razed, livestock were carried away or destroyed, and all wells were either filled in or polluted. To delay an Allied advance the retreating Germans felled trees across the roads, blew large craters at main intersections, and everywhere beset the pursuers' path with ingeniously laid booby-traps. Well organized rearguards covered the German withdrawal, though these received orders not to counter- attack. The skill of the Germans in concealing their plans from the Allies and the success of their delaying tactics helped prevent any effective follow-up. By the morning of 19 March, 29 divisions had completed the withdrawal with a minimum of Allied interference.29 Four Allied armies found themselves out of contact - from north to south, the right wing of the British Third Army about Arras, the Fifth and Fourth Armies to across the Somme valley, and the left wing of the French between Roye and the Aisne. It took until 5 April to drive in the German outposts and establish a new Allied line in front of the Hindenburg Position.*
The enemy's retirement did not greatly affect the plan of Nivelle's main offensive,
which was to be made east of Soissons. But it seriously upset the preliminary offensive in the north, for the Germans in the salient which converging British and French thrusts were to have pinched out had now escaped containment. Time was lacking in which to build new communications across the devastated area, particularly on the French left, where the retreat had been farthest. Accordingly, the northern attack became an all-British operation, the principal aim of which was to outflank the Hindenburg Line from the north and advance towards Cambrai. General Nivelle was forcibly told by Painlevé and Pétain and other high French officers that his scheme was no longer practicable. Army group commanders opposed the plan as a reversion to the discredited pre-war and 1914 overemphasis on offensive action for its own sake. There were also strategic and political objections. Neither the Russians nor the Italians would be able to mount offensives in time to render assistance; and the prospect of America's early entry into the war seemed another good reason for postponing a major French offensive. At one point Nivelle offered his resignation; but this being refused, he continued with his preparations. After various delays the assault on the Aisne was ordered to open on 16 April, the British offensive a week earlier.
* Taking part in the Fourth Army's advance was the Canadian Cavalry Brigade. On 27 March, Lieut. F.M.W. Harvey, Lord Strathcona's Horse, ran into a wired trench and captured a machine-gun, for which daring act he was awarded the V.C.
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.218-219.
The Canal du Nord and Bourlon Wood
On the Corps right, troops of the 10th Brigade, hugging their artillery cover, quickly crossed the canal on a two-battalion front between Inchy and Moeuvres. They overcame resistance from the Canal du Nord Line, and established them selves on Red according to schedule. The 11th and 12th Brigades, leading the 4th Division's attack on the right and left respectively, pushed forward but almost immediately met trouble from the south. Opposing General Watson's formations was the German 187th Infantry Division, with its 188th Infantry Regiment directly west of Bourlon Wood, flanked to north and south respectively by the 186th and 187th Regiments. Farther south was the dismounted 7th Cavalry Division; unused to infantry tactics they were quickly defeated. The 52nd Division, attacking on the Third Army's flank, had not achieved the same initial success as the 4th Division, and as a result the Canadian right suffered many casualties from enfilade fire.
In stiff fighting the 87th Battalion gained an entry into the southern part of Bourlon village by 9:45 a.m., and the 54th, passing through, skirted the north end of Bourlon Wood to reach the far side. The slower advance of the British troops to the south compelled the 102nd Battalion to form a defensive flank beside the Bapaume road and defeated the plan to encircle the wood from the south. This left the 54th in a pronounced salient, suffering mounting casualties. The battalion pushed on towards Fontaine-Notre-Dame, finally coming to a halt about 7:00 p.m. just west of the village, the 75th and 87th Battalions coming up on its left. Farther north the 12th Brigade also had stiff fighting throughout the day. The 85th and 38th Battalions, heavily hit by shelling and machine-gun fire during their advance, cleared their part of the Marquion trench system, allowing the 78th and 72nd Battalions to gain all but the extreme right of its Blue Line objective. It took a fresh attack mounted at 8:00 p.m. by the 78th Battalion to overcome the final pocket of resistance.
In the course of the 4th Division's operations on September 27 two subalterns had won the Victoria Cross. Lieutenant G.T. Lyall of the 102nd Battalion, and Lieutenant S.L. Honey, D.C.M., M.M., 78th Battalion, through their skilful leadership and courage in dealing with German strong points both significantly contributed to the capture of Bourlon Wood. Like many another recognition for brave deeds in the war, Lieutenant Honey's award came posthumously.
On the Corps left the 1st Division's success paid tribute to careful planning and well-directed and determined execution. Two guns of the 1st Battery C.F.A. gave the 1st Brigade a good start by moving in front of Inchy-en-Artois and firing point-blank into enemy positions along the canal. Thus aided, the 4th Battalion, having crossed the dry bed with little difficulty, was able to jump ahead to the north-east and capture its assigned portion of the Marquion Line. Here the 1st Battalion pushed through as planned and secured the Green Line in short order. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions now assumed the lead, only to be stopped by heavy fire from the embanked railway which curved north from Bourlon. With the aid of a timely flanking attack by the 72nd Battalion they overcame this resistance and swept on to the Blue Line. The action of the Commander of the 3rd Battalion's left support company, Lieutenant G.F. Kerr, M.C., M.M., in rushing single-handed a German strongpoint near the Arras-Cambrai road played an important part in the 1st Brigade's advance. Kerr, who captured four machine guns and 31 prisoners, was awarded the Victoria Cross.
The 2nd Brigade's role was to follow the 1st up to the Marquion Line and then extend to the left to capture the central portion of the Blue Line on the divisional front. By two o'clock the 7th Battalion was firm on its objective midway between Marquion and Haynecourt. During the afternoon the 5th Battalion went on to occupy Haynecourt and push patrols almost to the main Cambrai-Douai road. On the left, units of the 11th British Division passed through, headed for Epinoy. By the end of the day (September 27) patrols of the 10th Battalion-which had passed through the 5th just east of Haynecourtwere approaching the Marcoing Line, coming first to a heavy belt of uncut wire covered by enemy machine-guns. With mounting casualties the infantry cut the wire and pushed forward; but confronted by a second wire barrier, which marked the line itself, and with darkness approaching, the battalion consolidated on the east side of the Douai-Cambrai road.
On General Macdonell's left the 3rd Brigade had the important task of driving northward beyond the Canal du Nord and capturing in turn the villages of Sainslez-Marquion and Marquion, thereby freeing the eastern bank to permit crossings by the 11th Division. Leading the 3rd Brigade's advance the 14th Battalion crossed south of Sains-lez-Marquion, and swinging north behind the village, quickly captured its part of the Red Line. Four supporting tanks rendered good service in crushing wire barricades and in mopping up the village, but mechanical difficulties kept them from advancing past the Red Line. From Chapel Corner, south-east of Marquion, the German opposition, which had wavered before the initial rush of the 14th, rallied with heavy fire to stop the 13th Battalion, which was following up the initial assault. It took a joint effort by the 13th and 15th Battalions with tank assistance to clear Marquion. The 15th continued northward across the Arras road, mopping up the area east of the canal. By 2:00 p.m. it was firm at the Blue Line, just south of Sauchy-Lestrée.
Both Canadian divisions had received useful help from the tanks-each being supported by a company (of eight tanks) from the 7th Tank Battalion. The four allotted to each assaulting brigade successfully crossed the dry canal under cover of an artillery smoke-screen. Later they contributed to their own concealment by means of smoke dischargers fitted to their exhausts. During the day they gave good service in crushing wire entanglements and silencing with their fire enemy machine-gun posts. Of the sixteen tanks engaged in the first phase of the operation five fell victim to German fire.
About midday, when the 3rd Infantry Brigade had completed its assigned task of clearing the east bank of the canal, units of the 11th Division crossed at four places between Sains-lez-Marquion and the highway and moved smoothly into place on the left of the 1st Division to start the second phase of the attack. The advance to the north and north-east continued without serious interruption, and by dusk Epinoy and Oisy-le-Verger were in British hands.
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.419-422.


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A friend left this quote on my facebook wall. "The sermon was based on what he claimed was a well-known fact, that there were no Atheists in foxholes. I asked Jack what he thought of the sermon afterwards, and he said, "There's a chaplain who never visited the front." –Kurt Vonnegut Hocus Pocus [Read more…]
Kurt Vonnegut on Atheists in Foxholes
October 22, 2011 by 16 Comments

subset: commoncrawl


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'The two teams combined for 113 penalty minutes in the third period. Worrell earned 29 of them personally with eight seconds left in the contest. He was called for roughing, instigating and fighting and added a misconduct and a game misconduct. Worrell finished with 35 penalty minutes in the game.'
Brown, Dumont boost Sabres
November 13, 2001 Submitted by
Via: Buffalo News


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State of County report shows financial improvement
Much of the success shown in the county's economic report comes from employment in the area.
Sponsored by:
Much of the success shown in the county's economic report comes from employment in the area.
An eastern Ohio sheriff says a fire blamed on a kerosene heater has swept through a trailer home.
The mixture adds traction to the road.
A water tower in Girard is overflowing and residents say they are getting flooded.
Cleveland Councilman Jeff Johnson taped a segment for "Increase the Peace."
A recent government report shows that Medicare pays $4.4 billion every year treating injuries caused by nursing homes.
The couple is now charged with vandalizing Mill Creek Park.
Community training and education at the air reserve station in Vienna is just one idea that is being considered.
Authorities said the county's rate of non-compliance is lower than the surrounding region.
Check out that, plus more top video.
The break-in happened at a bowling alley.
Police referenced a post on Twitter in connection with one shooting.
A police report identifies the bomb as a Molotov cocktail.
Allegiant Air made the announcement about adding Pittsburgh service in November.
If the judge does not dismiss the charge, Chandler's case will go before a jury in February.
Wesley Williams changed his plea to guilty Thursday and will be sentenced at a later date.
The accident happened Wednesday.
Ohio State Auditor Dave Yost released the results of the audit Thursday.
Residents were ordered to evacuate and were led to a nearby school.
An apartment complex is engulfed by flames, Wednesday, Jan. 21, 2015, in Edgewater, N.J.
More affordable plans could bring more people online.
The nations hope to re-establish embassies and post ambassadors to each other's capitals.
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Department Chair
Dr. Donna Brestensky
Assistant Professor
(716) 375-2132
De La Roche, 312E
My research interests, admittedly unfocused at this time, can be grouped under the loose description of using spectroscopic techniques to determine structure at the molecular level. Simply put, I like to shine light on things to see what they look like. Most of my expertise lies in the field of vibrational spectroscopy, in which uses light (infrared, visible or ultraviolet) to determine the geometry and strength of the bonds in a molecule. Through generous alumni donations, the Chemistry Department has recently acquired a research-grade infrared spectrometer that will allow the pursuit of many interesting (to me anyway) projects, which include:
Along with the spectroscopic studies listed above, I am also interested in developing the computational techniques that will be needed to interpret the resulting complex spectroscopic data. Many of these techniques will utilize previously developed models and software, and some will require the development of novel models and accompanying software. A distributed computing resource (Beowulf cluster), recently developed in a joint effort with the SBU Physics Department, will support these efforts.
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By Stuart Allan MC
My second event in as many days saw me make the journey up to Aberdeen for Immortals Fight Promotions Debut show. As I have said in the past, it can be a bit nerve racking when you work for a new promoter on their very first show and this was the case this time round.
I need not have worried, I arrived at the venue early and was met by promoter Gary Paterson, a tour of the venue left me looking forward to the evenings entertainment, the Beach Ballroom even at nearly 100years old could have been custom built for MMA, the main room is octagonal and has a capacity of 1500, with it being set out for only 800 it meant that every seat had loads of space around it and this made for a very comfortable relaxed feeling.
My duties started with a chat with the Martial Arts Illustrated hall of fame and veteran UFC referee Neil Hall, one thing you find with Neil is he is straight talking and very very passionate about his job, I have had the pleasure of knowing him since working on my first ever MMA show back in 2006 and not only class him as one of the top MMA referees in the world but also a friend, its because of this I would trust no one more than Neil and his team at MMA Officials with the safety of fighters, they stamp their authority on a fight like no other team of officials I work with and I work with some top class officials.
This was another show that was left decimated by injuries and call offs and had to deal with a lack of enthusiasm from some of the more established gyms to provide fighters for the show, I can understand their hesitation to get involved in a new promotion is based on past experience, with new shows failing more often than not before they even get out the starting blocks, most of the longer established gyms have been in the position of preparing fighters only for the hard work to be for nothing when a show fails.
From what I saw on Saturday, IFP is here to stay, the multi nation card was, for a new show, pretty bloody awesome. With names like Cullen and Lobov gracing the Pro main section, it had match ups that any show in the UK would have proud to have.
Bout 1. 3x3
Leon Mitchell (Moray MT, Elgin) vs Aiden Stephen (Fusion MMA, Inverness)
Exhibition 3x3
Like the boxing show on Friday you would have been forgiven for thinking I had made a mistake introducing this as an exhibition. The vastly more experienced Stephen showed his skills while letting Mitchell throw some good shots, you could have sat at cage side with an MMA book of technique and ticked of most of them by the time this ended.
A very entertaining first bout. Being an exhibition it ended in an unofficial draw.
Bout 2. 3x3
Daniel Sawinski (Babos MMA, Glasgow) vs
Euan "Ginge" McLeod (Fusion MMA, Inverness)
Featherweight (AMA) 3x3
The first of our amateur contests got the crowd warmed up with both Debut fighters setting a blistering pace, big shots were thrown and landed by both men but it was McLeod that shook his opponent on 2 occasions putting Sawinski on the back foot.
The second round saw Sawinski slowing the pace and staying out of the range of McLeod 2 successful take downs and better wrestling skills levelled the match going into the 3rd.
This was Mcleod's turn to show his ground game, taking Sawinski to the matt both men looked strong and calm but it was Mcleod that show better skills and strength to claim the victory.
Unanimous decision 29-28, 29-28, 30-27. Winner Euan McLeod.
Bout 3.
Dariusz Pawlak (Team Pawlak, Glasgow) vs
Kevin McAloon (Fusion MMA, Elgin)
Lightweight (AMA) 3x3.
Again both fighters came out fast, The fight went to the ground pretty much straight away with McAloon taking Pawlak down, escaping Pawlak's guillotine attempt McAloon quickly secured the arm bar.
1:37 rnd 1. Tap due to arm bar, winner McAloon.
Bout 4.
Dawid Kostecki (Immortals Gold Team, Aberdeen) vs
Matthew Greig (Granite City Grappling, Aberdeen)
Lightweight (AMA) 3x3
A dominant and calm performance from Greig, taking the fight to the mat and keeping it there, manoeuvring for position and setting up the finish with punches to eventually get the choke.
2:38 rnd 1. Tap due to rear naked choke. Winner Greig.
Bout 5.
Artem "The Prospect Killer" Lobov (SBG Dublin) vs
Kamil "Undertaker" Gniadek (Linke Gold Team, Poland)
Lightweight. 3x5
The first of our Pro fights saw Gniadek start strong, he looked determined to finish the fight in the first and came close after taking the back of Lobov, Lobov had other ideas and did well to control the hands of his opponent.
Gniadek showed signs of fatigue coming out for the second and Lobov settled into his striking game, showing great skills to stay out of range of Gniadek who was to slow to close the distance. He did catch Lobov once to score the take down only for Lobov to scramble back to his feet and dominate standing in Gniadek's guard.
The third was all Lobov again, punishing Gniadek for a tired takedown attempt by raining down blows. Gniadek did well to see out the round and take the fight to the judges.
Unanimous decision 29-28, 29-28, 29-28. Winner Lobov.
Bout 6.
Iren Racz (Harcosok Cub, Hungary) vs
Agnieszka "Kuma" Niedzwiedz (Natal Gold Team, Poland)
Bantamweight. 3x5
The only female fight on the card saw the classic striker versus grappler contest. A fast and furious start from both women saw the boxing skills of Racz prove too much for Niedzwiedz, Niedzwiedz took the fight to the ground early in the first and that's where it stayed, trying a few different submissions attempts before sinking in the arm bar, Racz defended this as best she could and it seemed to take an age before Niedzwiedz got the full leverage to stretch the arm of Racz, even then there was no tap, Racz's corner were screaming at her to tap, half the crowd looked away as they expected the arm to break and eventually the tap came. Words fail to describe the pain on Racz's face as the submission was cranked on and shear determination that made her try to defend it for so long. That is one hardy lady.
3:54 rnd1. Tap due to arm bar. Winner Agnieszka Niedzwiedz.
Bout 7.
"The Bulldog" Alexander Proder (GBG MMA, Gothenburg) vs
Maciej "De Zoo" Linke (Linke Gold Team, Poland)
Welterweight Pro 3x5
The BJJ of Linke proved too much for Proder, with the fight going to the ground early in the first Linke dominated, working for position he settled on taking the back of Proder, Proder with no where to go and no escape submits to the delight of Linke's support.
2:56 rnd 1. Tap due to rear naked choke. Winner Maciej "De Zoo" Linke.
Bout 8.
John "Flying Scotsman" Cullen. (D-Unit / DNFT, Dumbarton) vs
Mariusz "Mario" Abramiuk. (Linke Gold Team, Poland)
Featherweight Pro. 3x5
Another striker versus grappler contest looked to be very one sided, Cullen started strong and dominated the stand up, Abramuik had no answer and was rocked by the super accuracy of Cullens head kicks. Realising he could not stand with Cullen Abramuik took some heavy shots to close the range and took Cullen to the floor, Cullen's escape was thwarted by the cage and this allowed BBJ brown belt Abramuik to take the back of Cullen sinking in a deep choke. Abramuik and the crowd waited for the tap that never came, Cullen instead preferring to be put to sleep and like the true warrior went out on his shield. The referee Neil Hall steps in and raises Cullens limp arm before stopping the contest.
3:02 rnd 1. Technical Submission. Winner Abramuik.
Great show.
I'm already looking forward to the next one.


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By Scott North
EVERETT — We told you last week that the federal government has agreed to review operations and medical services at the Snohomish County Jail, where at least seven inmates have died since 2010.
What we weren't able to nail down when Rikki King wrote her story was exactly when the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office asked the National Institute of Corrections for its assistance.
A public records request to the sheriff's office fixed that. Attached is the March 21 letter that then-sheriff John Lovick sent seeking the review, which is planned for this summer, with most of the costs picked up by the feds.
Lovick, who on June 3 was appointed county executive, wrote that he'll be particularly interested in findings about medical services at the jail.
"In conjunction with the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office vision of being the best public safety agency in Washington State, the jail is charged with providing safe, secure, humane and cost effective detention services," Lovick wrote. "It is my desire that Corrections has the policies, practices, staffing, medical services, and resources that it needs to adhere to those core values and standards."
The sheriff's office had been exploring an outside review of the jail's operations for some time. Lovick's letter was sent two days after Herald reporter Eric Stevick shared horrific allegations about the death of Lyndsey Elizabeth Lason. They were detailed in a $10 million wrongful death claim filed by Everett attorney Royce Ferguson on behalf of her family.
The Everett woman, 27, died in cell 13 at the jail in November 2011. She suffocated over a period of days as her chest filled with infection. Lason's repeated requests for medical attention reportedly went ignored. Worse, there is reason to believe her condition could have been identified and her death prevented with basic medical care.
That's the assessment of Carl Wigren, a respected former county forensic pathologist who was hired by Lason's estate to review medical and jail records as well as a death investigation done by the sheriff's office.
"The complacency of the medical staff and the corrections officers resulted in Lason's death," Wigren concluded.
In 2010, 918 people reportedly died in local jails around the U.S., according to the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics. That works out to 125 deaths per 100,000 inmates.
"The five leading causes of jail inmate deaths in 2010 were suicide (33 percent), heart disease (26 percent), drug or alcohol intoxication (six percent), cancer (four percent) and liver diseases (three percent). Among prisoner deaths from 2001 to 2010, cancer and heart disease together accounted for about half of all illness-related deaths each year," according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The average daily inmate population at Snohomish County Jail is about 1,200.
The lone death we know of there in 2010 involved a man who reportedly succumbed to heart disease. In 2011, three deaths were reported: Lason; another woman who died of heart disease; and a man who committed suicide after a drug arrest.
July 2012 brought the death of Michael Saffioti, who was felled by bronchial asthma triggered by severe allergies that were known to jail staff. Saffioti, 22, was in jail for misdemeanor marijuana possession. His family has hired a Seattle attorney to press for answers. In September 2012, Bill Williams died after he was zapped with a taser while he reportedly fought with booking officers. Williams, who was arrested for allegedly shoplifting beer, had struggled for years with mental illness and other health problems. The use of force in that case is undergoing review by prosecutors.
The most recent death, in February, involved a 41-year-old man who died from a methamphetamine overdose. Suspicion is that he swallowed the drugs before being booked a couple days earlier, although an investigation is still ongoing.
The jail for years was the responsibility of the county executive's office, but it was moved under the sheriff's office in January 2009. The change came after repeated failures to meet overtime budgets and festering personnel problems. As sheriff, Lovick was credited by many with improving morale among corrections staff, but he had mixed results in reining in costs. In 2011, for example, inmate medical expenses pushed the jail $1.4 million over budget. Overtime expenses also have been rising again.


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To contact Thistle London Heathrow Terminal 5, please complete the form below; a member of our team will be in touch as soon as possible. And of course, you can always call or fax us on the numbers at the top of this page.


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Winco GRC-10L - Automatic Commercial Rice Cooker
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Quick Overview
For all food-serve restaurants that are a little short on space, having a rice cooker that is also a warmer in one makes all the sense. Winco Automatic Commercial Rice Cooker [GRC-10L] will do just that. This item includes a built in thermostat, measuring cup and spoon, and is manufactured out of heavy-duty stainless steel. With this item all you have to do is flip a switch and you can determine weather you will warming or cooking the rice.
Product Description
|Model #:
|Ship Weight:
|17 lbs.
|100 cups
|Cook Time:
|30 minutes
|Cooked Rice Capacity:
|200 cups
|13 1/2"
|Dry Rice Capacity:
|30 cup
|Inlet Size:
|Natural Gas
|Cooker Type:
|Automatic commercial gas cooker
|Spatial Orientation:


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As we prepare to enter the second Christ Path weekend, I'd like to begin looking at experience of walking the four paths of Creation Spirituality as they relate to the Christ path. These four paths are very personal to me and to those who have understood them and taken them on, if you will. I believe these four paths are archetypal; I've seen many instances of people gaining deep insights by applying them to their unique spiritual journeys.We begin with the Via Positiva…this part of the Chri … [Read more...]
Walking the Christ Path in Joy and Sorrow
June 28, 2013 by Leave a Comment


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Fortunately, President Lincoln over-ruled Burnside on the death sentences bit.
But Burnside was apt to act impulsively, and his impulse was to follow the bent of his ardent patriotism.
For us—well, it will be hard to think of Burnside without his gracious presence.
His thick hair was parted exactly in the middle, his Burnside whiskers were neatly trimmed, and his glasses were on his nose.
I hope to be able to tell you on Thursday what is to be done with Burnside.
Lincoln disapproved of Burnside's order, and gave Hooker the command.
I think you had better send a courier to Burnside to hurry him up.
Burnside was appointed to supersede him—a man, in every way unfit for the command of a large army.
Burnside, with his corps, got into line many hours too late.
The Confederates were up before daylight on the morrow, anxious to receive General Burnside again.
style of facial hair consisting of side whiskers and a mustache (but clean-shaven chin), 1875 (singular; plural form from 1878; many early uses are in college and university magazines), a reference to U.S. Army Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-1881) of Civil War fame, who wore them and inspired the style. Cf. sideburns.


text: Claiming it is just rock and roll, Courtney Love says she lost $27M of her money over the years but doesn't consider it a big deal as she told The Sunday Times. "I know that's a lifetime of money to most people, but I'm a big girl, it's rock 'n roll, it's Nirvana money, I had to let it go. I make enough to live on, I'm financially solvent, I focus on what I make now." It is way more than a lifetime of money to most people. It is way more than that. It would kill me to lose that kind of money but Courtney says she has plenty more and that she blames lawsuits and saying the wrong things to people and getting some bad financial advice. What she doesn't blame is drugs. "I had to run very fast to look after my money and I felt cocaine helped me do that. So I started taking cocaine and that turned into nine months of crack." Well, sure, there are lots of responsible money managers who also credit coke and crack for their great performances against the market.


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Fredericks, Bronwyn (1997) Driving. Prodigy...the Womyn's Edition, 1997, p. 29.
|Published Version (PDF 31kB)
A poem published in the women's edition of Prodigy...the Womyn's Edition by the University of Tasmania.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|Poem, Driving, Lust
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > STUDIES IN CREATIVE ARTS AND WRITING (190000) > PERFORMING ARTS AND CREATIVE WRITING (190400) > Creative Writing (incl. Playwriting) (190402)
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Education
Current > Research Centres > Indigenous Studies Research Network
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 1997 Bronwyn Fredericks
|Deposited On:
|16 Feb 2009 05:50
|Last Modified:
|09 Jun 2010 13:22
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text:
Serius m8. I rekn mos mma gyms will lett you boath fite if you go in an tel them wot you are doing. They are mosly freindly anyway i found.
Serius m8. I rekn mos mma gyms will lett you boath fite if you go in an tel them wot you are doing. They are mosly freindly anyway i found.
What did I say about this not being a discussion, just a question!!! Why is that so hard! And I agree an MMA fighter would destroy most people in a 1 on 1 in the street, but that wasn't the question! And as for the other fellow, what are you on about, do you know us, do you have a clue what you are talking about, No! If we wanted to be cage fighters we would both train to do so, we have already arranged to throw some mats down in a hall to have the bout, I just thought it would be better if we could do it all above board! We just want to test our Martial arts against one and other, see what happens. Anybody with a helpful answer to the original question please!
You can't really get a smart answer to a stupid question.
Nobody is going to let you on their show, and nobody really wants two people they don't know to come into their gym and have a physical pissing match on their mats.
Logical solution here: since you've been 'training' in martial arts why not go and do this where you train? Moreover, why not go and do it where he trains? (if he trains at all; I notice you just said he's 'into MMA,' which makes it sound more like you want to have a fight with someone who saw MMA on TV and said: "that's better than what you do").
LANCASTER AND MORECAMBE MMA - Home to Shay Walsh, Matty Steele and Alex 'The Marksman' Makhonin
Because they train UFC and its too far to travel to a UFC training centre?
Just find some open fields and scrap like fuck, sort it out that way, why does it have to be in a gym? So you can film it for facebook and pretend you are real fiyters?
Sig awaiting witty quote from someone.
I think your all missing the point. It's not for recognition!
It's not to say "I'm harder than you", it was just a general
Question that if anybody knew of a place where we could
Fight that would be above board and just see who would win.
EVZY YOUR A KNOB END! And yeah I've seen one ufc fight and think
I could win! Stop wrestling sheep you moron. Keyboard warrior!
Bud, sshhhh child, I am amazed the parental lock on your parents pc allows you on sites like this.
So, you want to fight above board even though you fucking morons realise that it wont be above board because you have fuck all to do with wherever you fight? Fuck me, go back to fighting each other on your xbox UFC game, its safer that way.
I dont wrestle sheep dude, I fuck em, thats what real men do... now baaaaa for me bitch.
Sig awaiting witty quote from someone.
I thought they still used speak and spells in Wales. You've probably got a sheep running on a treadmill generating your electricity just because your mums your dad and your dads your sister don't start thinking you can just fuck with anyone. Concentrate on getting off the sex offenders register before trolling. I'm surprised you even find time to post stuff on websites like this, I thought all your free time would be spent grooming children. You jimmy saville worshiping wally. Just because you were touched as a child doesn't mean you can go around abusing others. Peace out. Prick face
Erm Bud, I am feeling an outpouring here, is there something you want to share with class? Did Jim fix it for you? Or rather did Jim absolutely ruin it so it now looks like the entrance to a fucking cave?
I am happy to admit us Welsh can bang sheep, whyt he fuck wouldnt we? They are a lot sexier than your mam no doubt.
Prick face? I bet you wank over the thought of someone having a prick face - so you could kiss them and blow them at the same time.
Your troll is weak son, let it ferment awhile then bring something better to the table. The table your daddy used to tie you to
Sig awaiting witty quote from someone.
Hahaha! I don't reckon Bud still wants to fight his mate after that verbal beatdown Evzy has just given him.
Tea Drinker for Life, but preaching tolerance for the Children of Coffee.
I fucking love this!!! Well done sir, well done. Having done my mum for several years I can assure you she is better than sheep. And yes jim did fix it for me, I asked him for a Welshman with a sense of humour and low and behold your dad raped his sister and you were born. The table my daddy used is now on eBay. Any offers?


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A classic cookie takes on a rainbow of colors. For added impact, serve in a dramatic fashion. Here we've attached the cookies to a tree-form using melted candy.
Prepare Thumbprint Cookies recipe. Cool cookies completely.
Cover craft foam and cake circle with Fanci-Foil wrap. Attach craft foam to cake circle with melted candy. Let set.
Attach cookies to foil-wrapped craft foam with melted candy. Let set.


text:
Old Code was invented in about 2001 by Ronan Hindle to pass notes in class. It is designed to confuse teachers. The letters have evolved a lot over the course of four years, for example the symbol Nail used to look like 'zz' and the symbols Hox and Eye were shaped 'I' and '(-)'. Several of the names have also changed; Hox was called 'Hii', Eye was called 'Hodash' and Nail was called 'Zidum'. Kaxe was also once called 'Kixpa'.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another
in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Other writing systems invented by visitors to this site


text:
Minnesota Vikings head coach Leslie Frazier refused to publicly announce a starting QB for Week 9's game against the Dallas Cowboys. Josh Freeman had to sit last week because of a concussion. Christian Ponder , who's already been benched once, didn't accomplish much in his start versus Green Bay on Sunday. The former Florida State QB completed 14-of-21 passes for 145 yards with no TDs and no INTs.
Fantasy Analysis:
Hard to blame Frazier for holding off on a decision. They'll probably want to watch some game film and run a practice or two to determine who gives them the best chance to win. Easier said than done when choosing between Freeman, Ponder and Matt Cassel. Minnesota will certainly need to go back to the drawing board in the 2014 NFL Draft and possibly select a QB in the early rounds despite many other pressing needs.


text: Beverly Williams from United States writes: I currently have used my email address with Time Warner Roadrunner many, many years. After buying a Win 8 laptop find MS won't support pop servers accounts. RR told me MS hasn't told them how to configure their email and to access it through the web which is slow and few options that Windows Mail used to provide. I looked into buying MS Outlook, over $100, but even then think it won't support my accessing Roadrunner through it. What's the best option for me? Continue reading


text:
Tornados Fall To Catawba on Senior DayMarch 1, 2008
Tornados Fall To Catawba on Senior Day
Brevard, N.C. – On the day in which the Brevard College women's basketball team honored its four seniors – Holly Krogman, Courtney Brandon, Jessica Whitmire and Heather Cornwell – the Tornados were defeated at home 86-61 by the Lady Indians of Catawba College.
The Tornados game out of the gates with some fight, taking an early 7-2 lead on a lay-up by sophomore Samantha Winn at the 16:28 mark.
Brevard held on to the lead over the next eight minutes of play, pushing their lead to as high as seven points again with 9:56 remaining in the first half.
However, the Lady Indians fought back to take their first lead of the game on a three-pointer by Hillary Hampton at the 5:16 mark, and did not look back, pulling ahead of the Tornados by seven at 33-26 heading into the halftime intermission.
In the second half, the Lady Indians of Catawba caught fire, as they shot 56.3 percent from the floor and 50 percent from the three-point arc in the final 20 minutes of play to outscore the Tornados 53-35 in the second half.
Although the Tornados continued to play hard, the up-tempo style of play of Catawba begin to take its toll in the second half, as the Lady Indians continued to add to their lead throughout the final 20 minutes of play.
The Lady Indians pushed their lead to 25 points at 86-61, the highest it had been, with only 18 seconds to go in the game, which would prove to be the final score.
In the last game of her collegiate career, senior Courtney Brandon had a game-high 19 points, as she connected on five three-pointers for the game. Fellow senior Holly Krogman had eight points, as she was 2-of-3 from the three-point line and 3-of-6 from the floor overall.
Sophomore Samantha Winn had nine points, while Lindsay Thrift and Kelsey Sill had eight points apiece off the bench.
Catawba had five players in double-figures, led by preseason all-conference selection Ne'Keithia Howard, who finished with 19 points and 10 rebounds on the day. Guard Sicilia LoSauro had 15 points, while Cameron Clark added 13 points off the bench for the Lady Indians. Brooke Whitley had 12 points, while Hillary Hampton added 10 points to the balanced scoring attack of Catawba.
Saturday afternoon's game was the season finale for the Tornados, as they finished their second year as an NCAA Division II provisional member and their first year playing a full South Atlantic Conference slate.
The Tornados finished 8-19 on the season.


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EXC440 - Teaching for Diversity
Unit details
|2017 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 2: Burwood (Melbourne)
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Cohort rule:
Student must be enrolled in course D344 from 2005, or course D351 from 2007 or currently enrolled D347 course students
|Unit chair:
Kim Davies
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
1 x 1 hour Class and 1 x 2 hour Seminar per week
Teaching for diversity is a professional imperative and the responsibility of all teachers. The aim of this unit is to ensure that teacher education students develop understandings of and expertise in working with diverse student cohorts. It will develop their competency in designing appropriate pedagogies and curricula that attend to difference and will familiarise students with current policy initiatives and frameworks.
Specifically, the unit develops students' understandings of the complex and multiple ways in which cultural, class, gender and other differences are enacted in the secondary classroom.
The unit focuses on independent research and exploration of the ethical responsibilities that educators have to teach for diversity, and how curriculum, pedagogies and assessment approaches can address diversity.
Written response to key readings, 2000 words, 50%
Independent research project, 2000 words, 50%
Unit Fee Information
Click on the fee link below which describes you:


text:
'The Leafs had beaten Miller five straight times, a stat of which he was fully aware. "They've been kicking my ass for a few years now. It was time to get back at them," he said.'
Maple Leafs must be wishing Ryan Miller wasn't still a Sabre
January 22, 2013 Submitted by
Via: Toronto Star


text:
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Laser Pegs Categories/Construction Sets
Runners Tanks
Build the motorized light up Mini Tank and 7 more light up models like the Amphibious Vehicle, R1 Tank and the Recon Runner.
Out of stock
MOTORIZED TANK RUNNERS: Tank – 8 Models in 1 Kit
Power over treacherous terrain with these motorized light up Laser Pegs® Tank Runners. Build from the 8 models shown or optimize your own surveillance vehicle for that top-secret recon mission. This rugged power base lets you build directly on its surface with Laser Pegs® and construction bricks so that you can make any of your creations cross the unknown. Illuminate and explore with the Laser Pegs® Tank Runners kit. Just install 3 AAA batteries (batteries not included) into the Runners Power Base to illuminate your Laser Pegs®. Change the switch on the bottom of the base to cycle through these 4 settings: power off, illuminate while still, illuminate while in motion, flash while in motion. The speed of the Runners® can also be changed to Fast or Slow, and a hitch on the front and back of the base allows you to hook your model to any other Runners™ Power Base. With the runners tank, your imagination is your only constraint!
Building blocks are always great playtime option for kids. They really encourage little ones to use their imaginations, and help to refine motor skills. When they get a little older, they want something little more exciting and challenging, the Laser Pegs 8 in 1 Tank Runner is just the ticket! This cool set takes classic blocks to the next level, thanks to its motorized base. Kids build upon the base to create wild new vehicles to race, and when they're done, the base actually drives around on its own! They can follow the suggested designs or go crazy with creating their own designs – either way, they're sure to have a blast for hours on end!
Laser Pegs® Tank Runners 8 models in 1 kit Includes:
- 2 Laser Pegs®
- 24 Construction Parts
- Runner Power Base
- Instruction Manual
Motorized Tank Runners Building Instructions
Tank Runner Instructions Manual.pdf – 7 Mb
Amphibious Vehicle Runner Instructions Manual.pdf – 6.4 Mb
Snow Runner Instructions Manual.pdf – 6.3 Mb
Recon Instructions Manual.pdf – 4.2 Mb
Small Crane Instructions Manual.pdf – 5.8 Mb
Snow Runner Instructions Manual.pdf – 5.2 Mb
Duel Cannon Tank Instructions Manual.pdf – 5.2 Mb
Desert Tank Instructions Manual.pdf – 5.2 Mb
Want to know more?
- Create your own vehicle with these cool building blocks
- Motorized base lets you race your creations
- 2 speeds: fast or slow
- Lights up
- 4 settings: power off, illuminate while still, illuminate while in motion, flash while in motion
- Compatible with other construction kits
- Follow the suggested designs or create your own
- Suitable for ages 5
What's in the box? 2 Laser Pegs, 24 Tinted Construction Parts, Runners Power Base & Instructional Manual.
Additional information
|4.5 lbs
|8.5 x 5 x 5.5 in
Reviews (3)
3 reviews for Runners Tanks
Excellent Toys! We love these and will continue to purchase them as gifts.
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S.T.E.M. Education and Learning
|S.T.E.M & STEM Approved
|Battery Type 3AAA / Button Cell
|Ages 5 Yrs Up
|For Boys & Girls
|Enforces Cognitive Development
|Stimulates Co-operative Play
|Builds Hand/Eye Coordination
|Encourages Imaginative Play
|Allows Imitative Play
|Develops Language
|Letter Names and Phonics
|Builds Maths Skills
|Motor Skills Improvement
|Encouraging Problem Solving
|Fosters Role Play
|Improves Sensory Development
|Enhances Visualisation and Memory
|Word Building
|Science Engineering Technology Math
|1 Year Warranty
STEM generally supports broadening the study of engineering within each of the other subjects, and beginning engineering at younger grades, even elementary school. It also brings STEM education to all students rather than only the gifted programs.
Its Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy developed a list of 10 actions and the top 3 are listed here:
- Increase America's talent pool by improving K–12 science and mathematics education
- Strengthen the skills of teachers through additional training in science, mathematics and technology
- Enlarge the pipeline of students prepared to enter college and graduate with STEM degrees
Here are a few more examples of Laser Pegs S.T.E.M. (Science Technology Engineering Math) Benefits
- Enhances Creative Reasoning
- Improves Hand/Eye Coordination
- Promotes Cognitive Development
- Encourages Communication and Teamwork
- Inspires Creativity and Model Building
- Develops Math and Reasoning Skills
- Education Educational Kits learning S.T.E.M. STEM
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration also has implemented programs and curricula to advance STEM education in order to replenish the pool of scientists, engineers and mathematicians who will lead space exploration in the 21st century.
After-school STEM programs children learn what the most promising practices are and how to implement them to increase the chance of student success.
Continuing S.T.E.M. education has expanded to the post-secondary level through masters programs. Laser Pegs enhance, encourage and compliment all STEM Programs.


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November 2014 – November 2016
This year, the OSU Beavers will take on the UO Ducks at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, and we will watch all the action on a giant movie screen. Wear your colors and root for your favorite team. Gameday eats, beer, wine and cocktails will be available for purchase. Cornhole, giant Jenga and ladder golf lawn games will, be provided as well.
Members and guests are invited to start the New Year with a late morning feast and Mimosa Bar. Menu TBC from Chef Ryan. Additionally, the Ranch House Library will show the 2015 Rose Bowl game between the PAC-12 and Big Ten conference champions.
Football Schedule: The Rose Parade begins at 8a. Kickoff is at TBC on TBC
This year, the Oregon State Beavers will take on the Oregon Ducks at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, and we'll watch all the action on a huge screen in Range Porch and Members will watch the game on the 6 flat screens in The Club Room. The game will be on CHANNEL TBA. The Ranch Porch and The Club Room will be decorated with Ducks and Beaver gear. The Culinary Team will cater the event with "football food," offering a menu to order from and craft beer, wine and cocktails will be available at cash bars. Two pop up tents (one for each team) will be staged out front of the Range building with a 6ft. table under each tent offering temporary tattoos, stickers, pomp oms, etc.


text:
Shutter 4-Door Sideboard & Glass Hutch
- No Longer Available -
Angled louvers, an architectural detail first used in ancient Greece, have found a new place in the home.
Show Details +
- 87"W x 22"D x 77¼"H
- 87"W x 22"D x 91"H
- 92¼"W x 22"D x 103¼"H
Shown in distressed taupe.
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text:
|By default, the shading indicates records from the past week, or failing that, the most recent entry.
|Adjust: most recent | past week | past month | past 6 months | past year | 4 years | 10 years
|Records includes the following current or recent matches:
Australia Women v New Zealand Women at Adelaide, 3rd T20I, Feb 22, 2017
[Women T20I # 383]
Australia Women v New Zealand Women at Geelong, 2nd T20I, Feb 19, 2017
[Women T20I # 382]
Australia Women v New Zealand Women at Melbourne, 1st T20I, Feb 17, 2017
[Women T20I # 381]
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Number of single-digit scores by the Australia batsmen against South Africa in Hobart was 16 - their joint-most in any Test. The last time before this they had 16 such scores in a Test was in 1912 at the Oval.
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text:
A La Jolla man has been sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay $1.4 million in restitution for defrauding homeowners around the country who had turned to his sham company for help modifying their loans.
Ian T. Kideys, 49, was sentenced last week in U.S. District Court in Indiana, where some of his victims were located, after pleading guilty in July to one count of wire fraud.
Prosecutors say Kideys' K2 Capital Management Inc. had offices in La Jolla and operated under the names US Mortgage Bailout and iLoanAudit during the financial crisis.
"US Mortgage Bailout obtained some mortgage relief for its customers through fraudulent representations to lenders, but otherwise simply collected money — thousands of dollars from each customer," the U.S. Attorney's Office said in a news release. "Each customer received a money-back guarantee; few got any money back."
The website for the company falsely suggested it was affiliated with the government and that it had "an experienced legal team" to help with loan modifications, the 27-count indictment in his case says. The site also offered 100 percent refunds in the "unlikely event that there is no favorable outcome to the loan modification request." Prosecutors say that was an empty promise as well.
Kideys' company collected upfront fees totaling more than $3.4 million from people across the country, according to the indictment.
Reached by phone Tuesday, Kideys, who is also known as Ayhan, declined to comment. He would not say where he was, but was speaking from an 858 phone number, the area code that includes La Jolla. He is to report to prison later this year, with court-recommended incarceration in California.
Kideys filed for bankruptcy last year, according to court records.
He "also defrauded creditors and the U.S. Trustee in his personal bankruptcy case by leading them to believe he had deposited $283,000 and concealing his receipt of $228,721.28," according to the U.S. Attorney's office press release. Kideys was sentenced to 5 years in that matter, a sentence that will run concurrently to the time served in the other case.


text:
Let me google that for you
Whoever wants!!! (not smartasses) help me
1) i want to learn if my wifi card supports injection.
as i see from windows it is an: azurewave wireless network adapter from atheros. where can i find the exact chip?
i had no problem with a usb stick (rtl8187)
2) how can i configure in bt4/bt3 power management especially from cpu? its a netbook and i dont want to overheat it...i know the tricks from bios.
3) how can i use gerix wifi cracker in bt3?
Let me google that for you
First of all you can't specify the type of help you will get when it is free and freely given.
Second upgrade to BT4 there is no 3 support.
Also be cool with your words.


text:
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