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Too Many Free Passes?
And lo, it came to pass that Texas had a hard time defending one. The Horns boast college football's No. 2 rush defense (24.0 ypg) but are yielding 209.5 ypg through the air. A unit that placed a premium on stopping the run this season is now determined to reinforce its No-Fly-Zone as non-conference play concludes this Saturday.
Culpepper's Commentary: Iowa State Game
The exit from the playing field by injured Brian Robison was one of the most emotional moments I have experienced in the last three years of observing and writing about Longhorn football.
Audio: Colt McCoy
Quarterback Colt McCoy talks to the Longhorn beat reporters about Texas' upcoming game against the Sam Houston State.
Sam Houston has realistic goals for UT game
Austin American-Statesman
The Sam Houston State Bearkats watched the movie "Unleashed" two weeks ago, a film about a street fighter who discovers music as an alternative to violence. This week against the Texas Longhorns, Sam Houston coach Todd Whitten wants his team to execute in perfect rhythm, but his real hope is to not lose any key components from his Bearkats band one week before the Southland Conference opener.
Longhorns football notebook
Austin American-Statesman
UT quarterback, center may get closer
Dallas Morning News
Texas offensive coordinator Greg Davis said he might start moving quarterback Colt McCoy under center more to create "quick-hitting" running plays, instead of the team's slower-developing runs out of the shotgun.
Horns want no part of Bearkats
San Antonio Express-News
Saturday will mark a red-letter, remember-the-date day for the University of Texas. For the first time in 112 years of playing football, the Longhorns will find themselves on the same field as Sam Houston State. Finally. The, ahem, excitement around the UT program this week has been palpable. It's a game so noteworthy that Fox Sports Net is actually going to charge people to watch it on television. Can't just give away this clash of titans for free.
Sizing up the Big 12
San Antonio Express-News
Bearkats are dreaming the impossible dream
Houston Chronicle
Sam Houston State tight end Blake Martin was on a deer hunting trip to Mexico in January when he managed to pick up a television channel showing Texas and Southern California playing in the national championship game. "I couldn't tell what they were saying, but I could tell who won," Martin said of the Longhorns' 41-38 victory. He's about to get another look at the winner — and he won't need a translator this time.
Brown won't overlook Bearkats
Daily Texan
The Longhorns' match-up with Sam Houston State on Saturday probably wasn't the first date circled when you saw Texas' schedule or even when you last glanced at it. But match-ups like these, which pit Division I-A teams against Division I-AA opponents, are happening more than one imagines.
Longhorns' linebackers finally making noise
Kerrville Daily Times
The hardest part for Rashad Bobino was not the assignment, it was keeping it secret.
Renovations begin on UFCU Disch-Falk Field o
The view from afar does not reveal much change, but upon approach to UFCU Disch-Falk Field one can see much evidence that the much-anticipated renovation project is well under way.
Taylor pleads guilty to a marijuana charge
Austin American-Statesman
Former Texas running back Ramonce Taylor pleaded guilty to a felony marijuana possession charge Tuesday and will be sentenced in November.
Inside Texas Blog Archive
Inside Texas
Inside Scoop
Inside Texas
Bevo Beat
Austin American-Statesman
Recruiting Blog
Dallas Morning News
Longhorns Blog
Houston Chronicle


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Chandigarh, India
Lost Love Mantras > Blog > Easy Break up Spells > Powerful Quick and Easy Simple Break up Spells to Separate Lovers > Quick and Easy Break up Spells
Pandit Somnath Sharma
June 27, 2016
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Stories from the Crusades
Written by Janet Harvey Kelman
Illustrated by L. D. Luard
Stories from the Crusades by Janet Harvey Kelman
About the Author
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92 pages
Janet Harvey Kelman
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21st November 2005
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SPAIN: Navarra exports fall
Sales from the Spanish wine region of Navarra to EU countries fell by 9.4% in the first nine months of 2002 to 7.13m litres, according to figures released by the Navarra Consejo Regulador.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
UTC−00:44 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −00:44.
UTC−00:44 was used in Liberia until May 1, 1972. It was known as Monrovia Mean Time or Liberian Time. The exact timezone was GMT −0h 43m 08s (based on the longitude of Monrovia) until it was redefined as GMT−0:44 on March 1, 1919. In 1972 it was changed to UTC.[1]
- ^ Liberia Time from The International Atlas 5th Edition by Thomas G. Shanks


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Someone gavr me a picture and said I want this. First time using Rolled Buttercream.


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All of a sudden a shot rings out; the crowd scatters in all directions. More shots are fired. Despite the arrival of Arab League observers in Syria, the violence against the rebels continues unabated. Layla Haj Yahya sends us this report from Damascus, capital of a desperate countryMore
Super heroes, mythical female figures in the desert: the Suspended Territories exhibition at the Marta Herford museum shows contemporary women's art from the Arab World, Iran and North Africa


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Virgo hardware 2007
watercolor on paper cm 50x70
Mother 2007
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New York story 2007
oil on paper cm45x80
125st 2007
oil on canvas cm160x90
Seeking for word
Installation view
HSF Works (2007)
Since I have been staying in Harlem I have collected several visual notes. While in Italy I often assume I know how people behave in their spaces and why, in New York I cannot understand the background buzz created by people's thoughts and communication; I feel as if I am missing the true color of this humming.
"Seeking for Words" is a series of incomplete images of dumb characters. I ask the visitors to write directly on these sheets thoughts and words suggested by the portrayed figures, to recreate the complexity of voices and languages, which I could imagine only in Italian and from my single viewpoint. My subsequent works will translate these "data" into feelings. By doing so, I ask the public to enter the work not only in order to help me, but also to transform them from external viewers into conscious collaborators.
These sheets will remain "open to writing" during the whole period of my stay here. I wish that the intersection and superimposition of your words will constitute a structure capable of creating relations: on the one hand, among my figures, on the other hand, between them and you.


text:
(February 22, 2007)
Dear Subscribers and Readers,
As of Wednesday evening, 2,800 freight train conductors and switchyard employees from the Canadian National Railway were still on strike pending some kind of brokered agreement with the Canadian government.
In early March, the California Faculty Association's board of directors will vote whether to strike as a response to the breakdown of recent salary negotiation talks between the association and the California State University administration. The association represents approximately 24,000 professors, librarians and counselors at 23 California State University campuses.
14,000 workers at Goodyear Tire & Rubber went on strike on October 5, 2006 and did not return to work until January 2nd a major reason why Goodyear lost $358 million during the fourth quarter of last year.
According to Statistics New Zealand, labor strikes in New Zealand increased from a loss of 13,255 days for the 12-month period ending September 30, 2005 to a loss of 26,198 days on a year-over-year basis. 36 of the 49 strikes in the country were over wage disputes.
Codelco, the world's biggest copper producer, just struck a wage agreement with a union representing over 500 workers at the Chuquicamata copper mine (the company's largest mine) narrowing averting a strike.
The reason why I am bringing up all these recent examples of labor disputes is simple: I believe one of the biggest risks to higher stock prices this year continues to be the threat of a more protectionist Congress and a labor backlash given a widening distribution of both income and wealth in the U.S. economy in recent years, and given the perceived lack of dignity in which many Fortune 1000 employees have been treated such as through:
As I have mentioned before in our previous commentaries, it is not our job to engage in any philosophical or detailed historical discussions about the concept of capital vs. labor since this is first and foremost a site dedicated to successful investing, and since many folks out there can do it better than we do. Ultimately, however, it is not about philosophy or hard data/statistics all this author knows is that many corporate workers are now getting tired and fed up with corporate management. Ultimately, perception is reality. Moreover, it is important to note that even in capitalistic societies, just like many things in life, labor/union power also goes through cycles although trends in labor and union power tend to be very secular in nature and are definitely nowhere near as volatile as the movements in the stock market. In our April 2, 2006 commentary (Will Corporate Profits Continue to Outperform?), I introduced the concept of the Gini Ratio in measuring the distribution of income in a particular society. Quoting from our April 2, 2006 commentary: Readers who are interested in how this index is constructed can read the following page at Wikipedia, but in a nutshell, it is basically a crude and simple way to measure income inequality in a certain economy. While it may be rather crude (for example, non-monetary welfare benefits such as food stamps is not taken into account into household income), the above chart showing the Gini Index over time definitely tells you one thing: Income inequality in the U.S. has generally increased since 1960.
In that commentary, we also published a chart showing that the level of real salaries and wages for workers in the United States have not increased very substantially over the last few decades. Courtesy of the latest Flow of Funds data published by the Federal Reserve, the following updated chart shows that as a percentage of GDP, wages and salaries paid to workers in the U.S. is still near a 40-year low:
As I mentioned on the above chart, employees' compensation as a percentage of GDP except for a brief period from 1993 to 1997 is now at its lowest level since 1966. More importantly, given the new Democratic-controlled Congress, and given the continuing backlash behind 1) China's currency policy, 2) excessive CEO pay (even President Bush is now joining the debate on the side of the workers), 3) Wal-Mart, 4) minimum wage laws, etc., there is a good chance that there may be various government legislations to be introduced this year that will seek to correct for this inequality in income. As an important aside, subscribers should note that the above chart showing employees' compensation has already incorporated CEOs' pay into the mix! That is, while the above chart shows the relative decline of the average U.S. worker's salaries and wages relative to profits either returned to shareholders or retained by the company, what it doesn't show is the relative decline of the median salary and wage level relative to the pay of executives in the Fortune 1000 companies. While we are not in uncharted territory, so to speak, we are definitely in territory that has not been witnessed since the 1920s.
Given the above issue, it is again essential to ask: Are you basically a capitalist or a wage-earner? Would you like to see a 10% rise in your salary as opposed to a 10% rise in your 401(k) portfolio? Do you have sympathy for the workers at Delphi or GM? How happy are you when housing prices in your neighborhood appreciate by 15%? Can you even afford to buy a house in your neighborhood and pay off your mortgage in 30 years? Or do you see yourself as being a virtual slave to your local bank or credit union? It is also interesting to see that there tend to be many more capitalists near the peak of the stock or housing market than at the bottom when everyone is having a grand old time and when one is more concerned with rising asset prices than income levels. While many workers have been oblivious to layoffs in the auto industry, for example, it is still difficult to tell whether the increase in capitalistic thinking in recent years is cyclical or secular in nature (GaveKal seems to think that it is secular). This question is even more important in places like Los Angeles (where the median price of a home is over $500,000) and in Hong Kong, Tokyo, New York, and London. A 20% increase in the S&P 500 is great, but not when your 401(k) account only has $50,000 (and half of it is in bonds or cash) and when it comes at the expense of your neighbor's job and future salary increases. At this point, I am still not convinced that most Americans have turned capitalistic in nature.
Okay Henry, I am in business for myself. While I am definitely interested in the potential of a labor backlash hurting the stock market, that is probably only something to be watched over the long-run. What about any indicators you are currently watching that may have a more immediate impact?
Well, maybe. NYSE margin debt data outstanding as of the end of January 2007 was just released a couple of days ago and many bears are already celebrating this number simply because it has overtaken its March 2000 peak. As I discussed in our December 21, 2006 commentary (Margin Debt Approaching Record Highs), since under normal circumstances, this is usually not a problem, as the amount of margin debt has historically hit higher highs during successive cyclical bull markets even during the cyclical bull markets within the secular bear market of 1966 to 1974 (see the first chart in our December 21, 2006 commentary). Nonetheless, this increase in margin debt still poses a red flag as the rate of ascent in the margin debt outstanding has been nothing short of phenomenal over the last few months as shown on the following chart showing the Wilshire 5000 vs. the 3, 6, and 12-month changes in margin debt from January 1998 to January 2007:
The total amount of margin debt outstanding on both the NYSE and the NASD increased $10.2 billion (assuming that NASD margin debt remained the same, as January NASD data isn't released until the end of this month) to $313.5 billion a new record high. As mentioned on the above chart, the 3-month change in margin debt ($45.8 billion) is now at its highest since March 2000 while the 6-month change in margin debt ($57.5 billion) is now at its highest since April 2000!
That being said for those that are already long and are in stocks that have good fundamentals and earning power I would not consider selling here. Records are meant to be broken, especially during a bull market. Moreover, many things I have read suggest that most of the increase in margin debt has been due to speculation in foreign stocks and ETFs as opposed to the concentration in domestic technology stocks back in late 1999 and early 2000. In past times, I would have slapped an emphatic sell on international stocks and on emerging markets but given the much cleaner balance sheets and economic/earnings growth in emerging markets in recent years, I now believe margin debt can continue to increase from current levels before we see any kind of significant correction. Readers please stay tuned.
More on Taiwan: For those who are still skeptical of investing in Taiwan (mostly because of the latest corruption scandal involving the current opposition leader and a leading 2008 Presidential candidate), I urge you to read the following take on Taiwan by the Heritage Foundation. Quoting the Heritage Foundation:
Taiwan's economy is 71.1 percent free, according to our 2007 assessment, which makes it the world's 26th freest economy. Its overall score is 0.5 percentage point higher than last year, partially reflecting new methodological detail. Taiwan is ranked 6th out of 30 countries in the AsiaPacific region, and its overall score is much higher than the regional average.
Taiwan has high levels of investment freedom, trade freedom, property rights, fiscal freedom, freedom from corruption, and freedom from government. The average tariff rate, inflation rate, and level of corruption are all low. Although Taiwan's personal income tax is high, the corporate tax rate is moderate, and overall tax revenue is low as a percentage of GDP. Government spending is similarly low. Taiwan's investment climate is healthy, and 100 percent foreign ownership is permitted in most sectors. Property rights are protected by the judiciary, although there are minor problems with case delays and corruption associated with organized crime.
The only fly in the ointment: Taiwan is relatively weak in labor freedom and business freedom. The country's labor market is not as flexible as it could be, and dismissing a redundant worker is costly. Starting a business takes as long as the global average, but commercial licensing can be difficult.
While Taiwan is still grasping with a corruption culture subscribers should know that by regional and global standards, it is still quite satisfactory from an investment standpoint, ranking 32nd out of a total of 158 countries as compiled by the Heritage Foundation coming ahead of countries such as South Korea (40th), Italy (also 40th), and Malaysia (39th).
As always, please email me with any suggestions and/or questions.
Signing off,
Henry To, CFA
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In a field that includes power conference teams in Virginia and Northwestern and one of the more successful Mountain West teams in Utah, Vanderbilt has to be considered one of the favorites, especially given their recent success. The Commodores' chances are also improved by tournament seeding. The two other teams with the best chance of winning (Utah and Virginia) are both on the other side of the bracket. Vanderbilt will not have to face the Utes or Cavaliers until the championship game.
As the 'Dores try to reach that final game and extend their winning streak to eight, here are a few things to watch for in San Juan:
- Star Watch: While Derrick Byars has been Vanderbilt's best overall player to this point, the recent emergence of Shan Foster has been equally important to the team's success. When Foster and Byars shine together, as they did with 25 and 18 points, respectively, in the win over Georgia Tech, the Commodores are tough to beat. Their tall frames pose match-up problems for almost every opponent. If the 'Dores do face UVA in the most likely of championship game match-ups, the height of the Commodore duo will be especially apparent against a small Cavalier backcourt. If Foster and Byars can maintain their current high level of play, look for Vanderbilt to excel in San Juan.
- Play Together: Although Shan and Derrick are crucial to Vanderbilt's success, the team is at its best when third and fourth scorers get involved. The team as a whole has done a great job of distributing the ball not only to open shooters, but also to cutters to the basket (a la JeJuan Brown). Five Commodores are logging at least two assists per game this season, an encouraging sign considering that LSU and Alabama are the only other SEC teams with that level of widespread distribution. A team as reliant on the outside shot as Vanderbilt needs as many deft passers as it can get, especially in the post, which brings us to…
- Ross Neltner: The junior transfer has been a bright spot for Vanderbilt. He's one of the five Commodores averaging at least two assists per game, he leads the team in rebounding, and he's given the 'Dores a legitimate scoring threat from the post, averaging 12.7 points per game. Neltner's play will be especially significant when SEC play gets underway, but the big man should also be a key to Vanderbilt's success in San Juan. If teams focus too much on containing Foster and Byars, Neltner or Alex Gordon must step up as they have done lately.
- Rise of JeJuan: The freshman big man has been and will likely continue to be the most important non-starter for the Commodores. His impact around the paint will only improve with added minutes, and if Alan Metcalfe shows rust upon return from a foot injury, Brown will be counted on to play an important role against bigger SEC teams. Already being touted by some as the next big thing at Vanderbilt, the freshman has shown a nose for the ball and toughness around the rim. Keep an eye on his playing time in San Juan.
- Believe!: The more wins the Commodores string together, the less impact the Furman loss has on both the confidence of the players and, given a successful SEC season, the team's postseason tournament chances. While it's much too early to discuss the latter, the importance of team confidence cannot be overstated. The win over Georgia Tech clearly put a hop in their step, but taking home the San Juan title could have a real impact on the start of SEC play, especially if the road to the title goes through a very solid Virginia team.


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Richard Buckner w/ Doug Gillard (of GBV), Romania @ Northsix (R.I.P.) in Brooklyn on 02/11/2006 - Oh My Rockness
Saturday 02/11/2006 - 8:00PM
Richard Buckner w/ Doug Gillard (of GBV),
Northsix (R.I.P.)
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|Start new thread in this topic | Flip this thread | Refresh the display
Christmas wedding - come and provide me with cheesy, OTT inspiration!(42 Posts)
DP and I get married on the 7th December and I want our wedding to be a Christmassy extravaganza.
The budget is not huge but me and my lovely bridesmaids are ready to roll up our sleeves and make stuff ourselves/trawl the shops for christmassy bargains.
So come on, bombard me with ideas!
You can get small felt stockings, maybe put the sweets for the favours in them instead of jars? Very christmassy!
love this thread, I now want a Christmas wedding (when we save up)!!
The little star biscuits might make nice favours, wrapped in Xmassy cellophane with ribbon & a bauble.
Loads of spray painted pine cones in gold/silver scattered on tables.
Fairy lights, I love fairy lights would have them up now if dp would let me!!
Ohhh..congratulations ballinacup! We went to a New Year's Eve wedding two years ago. Such a lovely romantic time..
I am watching this thread and getting excited for you!
Oh sibling they are lovely! I've ordered a load. Don't know whether to have them as favours or just scatter them around artfully...
Ballinacup saw these and thought of you!
Hope your plans are coming along x
Aww, I love this thead!
Never thought of Christmas as a 'time for a wedding'.
I'll think about what you're asking OP
What about Candy Cane Sleighs for favours?
I had an xmas wedding. I had a normal dress with a fur stole but i wish now that i'd had a long riding coat.
I had hurricane lamps with big church candles and with wreaths around the bases. My Mil dried hers and still uses it each xmas. I also had candy canes to take next to my guest book and served hot choc and mulled wine as reception drinks.
For the music i had vivaldi's "winter" and my minister suggested "in the bleak midwinter" for the line "i will give my heart" at the end but i couldnt sing it for blubbing each time i heard it after that so we sang Good King Wenceslas instead and everyone loved it! They said it was great to belt out a song they all knew rather than miming to hymns.
I used favour boxes that used looked like mini wrapped presents but i also looked at crackers too.
There was only one thing i didnt have and that was a brass band. I kept hearing the colliery bands playing and i cried each time, my wedding was on the 27th so i kept saying to dh i really would like a brass trio or something because its just soo christmassy and emotional. He kept rubbing my hand or patting it nodding sagely saying naaa you dont want that to the point i convinced myself he'd booked it as a surprise. I kept saying how they bound to be free and appreciate a booking after xmas as its bound to be a real lull for them. And he didnt bloody book them.
Makes me want to do it again with the riding coat and brass accompaniment now.
Sounds awesome!
The comment about crackers upthread reminded me we had them as place settings at the Christmas wedding I attended, acting as favours, icebreakers and place names. I thought they were great fun!
I've been shopping for my centrepieces!
Got a load of hurricane vases reduced to £6 in Sainsbos, church candles to go in them and I'm going to add berries/pine cones etc around the bottom of the candles inside the vases, and sit the vases themselves in Christmas wreaths.
I also had a December wedding. Things I remember are:
large Ikea tealights burn for a longer time so don't need to be re-filled during the day, or buy long-burning candles from somethingforthewickend dot com
Ikea lanterns lighting the way to/from church and venue
sparklers and/or fireworks when you leave
Christmas songs as table names - our top table was the Mariah song etc
loads of carols in church so everyone sings loudly!
Christmas tree at the venue, small trees with lights outside entrance to church
we had Christmas music throughout the day - jingle bells when signing the register etc, old school Christmas croony music during the meal, proper Christmas cheese for the dancing
we bought Christmas gift bags and stuffed them with entertaining things for the child guests - e.g. Colouring in pics of Father Christmas etc
i would love to have a christmas wedding. dp might take some convincing as he hates the cold.
I wonder if ilovevenice and I have a friend in common as I did the empty Christmas tree and asked guests to buy us a bauble.
I loved my Christmas wedding. I had a giant bunch of mistletoe instead of a bouquet, had cosmopolitans instead of champagne (looked very festive on the trays) and went to New York for my honeymoon.
I was all over the poncetastic thread and everyone was so lovely. There were dozens of tiny details from those genius ladies.
Oh yes candy canes!
They'd look great used as table decs
Maybe a huge vase with them hanging around the edge
Or small tree branches with them hanging from them
My sis had one and we made cracker wedding favours. Guests loved it! Instead of jokes, we had table games to keep people entertained. Sort of pub quizzy, but not eg "Where did S & S first meet?", "What is it about them and ducks?". Some risqué questions in there too that set some tables giggling!
Can you still get those chocolate truffles from Thorntons which look like Christmas puddings? They would be sweet as favours.
I had a Christmas wedding, 21st December. It was beautiful and everyone loved it. We had Christmas carols in the church before I arrived, My bms were in deep berry red, with furry white stoles, at the reception we had hot choc and mulled wine as welcome drinks, with mince pies and roasted chestnuts as appetisers. lots of Christmas songs all through the day. our first dance was to Mariah Carey's 'All I want...' Bit cringey, but we couldn't decide so just went with it.
our centrepieces were small Christmas trees (45cms high) with teeny tiny fairy lights. they were on gold plates with fake diamonds sprinkled round. On the tables we had Christmas crackers and candy canes, and mini home made fruit liqueurs. all the children got presents of things like comic books, playing cards and toys to keep them entertained at the table. We also had photo baubles made and hung them all on a tree for guests to take away as favours. Instead of a guestbook we had a medium sized Christmas tree with sparkly, round red gift tags for people to write on and hang on the tree. We also had tins of Quality street for people to have with their coffees after dinner.
the only thing we didn't have was a Christmas meal- we had sausage and mash (completely outs self)
I had a christmas wedding, midwinters day. As others have said the venue was already decorated which saved us a fortune. We got some lovely photos as it snowed.
We had sparklers. And honeymooned in skis.
Some amazing ideas on here, I don't know how I'm going to choose.
The church have said no flowers etc, but there'll be lots of candles. It's a Saxon church and very, very beautiful so no doubt it will look lovely regardless.
I had thought about mulled wine at the reception but hadn't thought about tea/coffee/hot choc for the non-alcohol drinkers so thanks for that suggestion.
For favours/place markers I was thinking little jam jars filled with sweets with a christmas ribbon bow and big gift tag with the guest's name.
If you or any mates are computer savvy, how about making a Xmas CD for each guest?
You could do a selection of about 10 Xmas songs (even better if they're going to be played at your reception or service - either your fave xmas hymns, or modern xmas classics), print out the sleeves to coordinate with the theme, or even just with your initials & the date in red/gold/green lettering. Every time they play it over the following weeks they'll think of you - then it will probably come out with the decorations every year and serve as a lasting reminder of you and your special day.
I've got an M&S fur trimmed cape .
Not any help but I thought I'd throw it into the mix.
It's black though.
Do I get a Save the Day Card? (So that I can decorate but not get invited)
What about having the ikea vases but having hand picked holly and berries as
Centre pieces?
Sorry I can't sleep!
Ooooh marking place as want a Christmas wedding next year!! Shall try and think of some ideas.
If u have kids coming get shortbread in shapes of trees / Santa. Etc and let them decorate them with icing an balls and the like
A friend of a friend had an empty Christmas tree at the reception entrance and asked all the guests to bring a bauble of their choice - they had someone putting them up and then kept them for all their future Christmases...
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June 16–August 6 | Ohio Theatre
Day-of-show tickets to individual films are $5 and go on sale one hour prior to show time at theOhio Theatre kiosk. Senior citizen tickets are $4. Kiosk sales are cash only....Read More
-Beginning 9 am, day of performances
-In Person Box Office sales only; any method of payment
-Limit two tickets per person
-50% off full price orchestra and front mezzasine seating...Read More
Daniel O'Donnell | May 30, 2017 | PalaceTheatre, 7:30 pm...Read More
Festival Latino is a free, family-friendly event and the largest Latin event in Ohio, celebrating family and community with two days of children's activities, music, food, fashion, art, and dance from the heart of Latin America....Read More
Go for $5 | $5 tickets to select performances for individuals ages 13-25
Go for $5 is a discount ticket program designed to make the arts affordable and accessible for individuals ages 13-25 by offering $5 tickets to select performances from several Columbus arts organizations. Read More...
A History of Cary Grant and His Leading Ladies
Actor Cary Grant was one of Hollywoods elite leading men of the day, and had the pleasure of working with the cream of the crop when it came to leading ladies. Lets put the spotlight on those glorious leading ladies!


text:
Washington Post/Abt-SRBI Virginia governor's race poll
Q: (Among registered voters) Do you approve or disapprove of the way Bob McDonnell is handling his job as governor?
Show results by:
Show results by:
The Washington Post - ABT-SRBI poll
Question 30 of 45
In this poll:
Click "detailed view" to see interactive results by political and demographic groups (i.e. Democrats, ages 18-39).
This Washington Post-Abt SRBI poll was conducted by telephone Sept. 19-22, 2013, among a random sample of 1,003 adults in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including users of both conventional and cellular phones. The error margin is 4.5 percentage points for the sample of 812 registered voters and five points for the sample of 562 likely gubernatorial election voters. Sampling, data collection and tabulation by Abt-SRBI of New York. For additional detail on the poll's methodology, e-mail polls (at) washpost.com.


text:
"Whoa" (3:23)
Producer: Tyler, the Creator
Writers: Thebe Kgositsil, Tyler Okonma
Publishers: ÂRandomblackdude Publishing/Golf Wang Steak Sauce, administered by Sony/ATV Songs (BMI)
Tan Cressida/Columbia
"Whoa," Earl Sweatshirt's latest single, is a free-associative mess, but that's the environment in which the 19-year-old thrives. When Odd Future cohort Tyler, the Creator's intricate production flourishes--jazzy piano changes, horror-film synths, dusty percussion--meet the MC's stoned flow, the effect is unlike anything else in modern hip-hop. -RR
"Body Party" (3:57)
Producer: Mike WiLL Made-It
Writers: various
Publishers: various
Epic Records
"There's no need to rush," Ciara croons on her seductive new single. "We can go another round if that's what you want." Co-written by Ciara's boyfriend Future, "Body Party" is a slow jam set in a druggy electronic soundscape, with a sugary melisma and slippery high-hats that make it downright engrossing. -RR
LEWIS FEATuring
"Can't Hold Us" (4:19)
Producer: Ryan Lewis
Writers: Ben Haggerty, Ryan Lewis
Publishers: Macklemore Publishing/Ryan Lewis Publishing (BMI)
Macklemore/Alternative Distribution Alliance/Warner Bros.
Built around twinkling piano and a soulful assist from fellow Seattle-ite Ray Dalton, "Can't Hold Us" is additional proof (for those who needed it) that the duo of Macklemore and Ryan Lewis is more than a one-trick pony. Naturally, the "Thrift Shop" stars can't help but shout-out some sartorial savvy--in this case, Bob Barker's "suit game." -DAN HYMAN
ZEDD FEATuring
"Clarity" (4:32)
Producer: Zedd
Writers: Zedd, Matthew Koma, Porter Robinson, Holly Hofferman
Publishers: various
Just like David Guetta did with Sia on "Titanium," Zedd builds a pulse-rattling electronic carpet upon which U.K. artist Louisa Rose Allen, aka Foxes, can let her vocals soar. The singer proselytizes of tragic love, frozen waves and bursting clocks as the German electronic dance music producer whips up an epic (if slightly overindulgent) anthem. -DH
"Alive" (4:51)
Producer: Rain Man
Writers: various
Publishers: various
The dance trio of Jahan Yousaf, Yasmine Yousaf and Kris Trindl has made noise on the Billboard Hot 100 with "Alive," a fragile yet festive single made up of whimsical slowdowns and relentless speed-ups. Fans of DJ Sammy's enduring rave-up "Heaven" may have just stumbled upon another stop-start sandstorm. -JL


text:
I arrived super early from Delhi, like 04.45, a man from the hotel was waiting for me at the station just outside the wagon door !!! He was holding even a bottle of water, which is a super cute and considerate detail :-)
He took me to the hotel and as there was availability they let me check in so early, which was something exceptional as I was tired.
The owner, Jaggi, very helpful with my questions, and very honest, suggesting me nice places and restaurants, not only praising his own restaurant as most people do. However the roof top restaurant was excellent for breakfast and snacks!!! Nice Lassi and Parathas, coffee and Masala Chai. I have absolutely no complaint !
If I would return to Jodhpur I would definetly stay at the same hotel !
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hotels.com, Expedia and TravelGuru so you can book your Govind Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Govind Hotel Jodhpur, Rajasthan


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 10, 1988
|Filing date
|Dec 29, 1986
|Priority date
|Dec 29, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Fred W. Schmidlin, Nero R. Lindblad
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (101), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a printing devices and more particularly to a developer or toner delivery system for presenting developer or toner to a charge retentive surface or an electronically addressable printhead utilized for depositing developer in image configuration on plain paper substrates.
Of the various electrostatic printing techniques, the most familiar is that of xerography wherein latent electrostatic images formed on a charge retentive surface are developed by a suitable toner material to render the images visible, the images being subsequently transferred to plain paper.
A less familiar form of electrostatic printing is what has come to be known as direct electrostatic printing (DEP). This form of printing differs from the aforementioned xerographic form, in that, the toner or developing material is deposited directly onto a plain (i.e. not specially treated) copy substrate in image configuration. This type of printing device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,935 issued Sept. 5, 1972 to Gerald L. Pressman et al.
In xerographic printing systems, the latent images on a charge retentive surface can be rendered visible by the use of magnetic and fiber brushes, the former of which results in toner being presented to the charge retentive surface which has a fairly good charge distribution but toner particles having a low charge level are not avoided. The problem of charge distribution of the toner and the charge level has been addressed in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 926,169 assigned to the same assignee as this application. As disclosed therein, a developer or toner delivery system disposed to one side of a printhead includes a conventional magnetic brush supported for rotation adjacent a supply of developer contained in a hopper.
A developer donor roll is supported for rotation intermediate the magnetic brush and the printhead structure. The donor roll structure is spaced from the printhead approximately 0.006 inch. The magnetic brush has a DC bias of about 100 volts applied thereto via a DC voltage source. An AC voltage of about 400 volts is applied to the donor roll creates a localized field between the donor roll and the printhead causing toner to jump to the vicinity of apertures in the printhead.
Traveling wave devices have been employed for delivering particulate material to a charge retentive surface, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,361 issued to Masuda which discloses an apparatus in which the flow of particulate material along a defined path is controlled electrodynamically by means of elongated electrodes curved concentrically to a path, as axially spaced rings or interwound spirals. Each electrode is axially spaced from its neighbors by a distance about equal to its diameter and is connected with one terminal of a multi-phase alternating high voltage source. Adjacent electrodes along the path are conncted with different terminals in a regular sequence, producing a wave-like, non-uniform electric field that repels electrically charged particles axially inwardly and tends to propel them along the path.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,778,678 also issued to Masuda relates to a similar device as that disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,361.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,869 issued to Masuda discloses a booth in which electrically charged particulate material is sprayed onto a workpiece having an opposite charge, so that the particles are electrostatically attracted to the workpiece. All of the walls that confront the workpiece are made of electrically insulating material. A gridlike arrangement of parallel, spaced apart electrodes, insulated from each other extends across the entire area of every wall, parallel to a surface of the wall and in intimate juxtaposition thereto. Each electrode is connected with one terminal of an alternating high voltage source, every electrode with a different terminal than each of the electrodes laterally adjacent to it, to produce a constantly varying field that electrodynamically repels particles from the wall. While the primary purpose of the device disclosed is for powder painting, it is contended therein that it can be used for electrostatic printing.
The Masuda devices all utilize a relatively high voltage source (i.e. 5-10 KV) operated at a relatively low frequency, i.e. 50 Hz, for generating his traveling waves. Another commonality among the Masuda et al devices is the nonrecognition of the problem caused by toner with a wide charge distribution.
The movement of toner via traveling waves for use in a xerographic development system is also disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 374,376 filed on May 3, 1982, now abandoned. In that application, there is disclosed a device comprising an elongated conduit which utilizes traveling waves for transporting toner from a supply bottle to a toner hopper.
The performance of xerographic printing systems based on electrostatic monopole force, broadly referred to as Charged Pigment Xerography (CPX), is strongly dependent on the distribution of charge on the toner and especially requires the avoidance of low (i.e. has the opposite sign from the electrostatic image) and wrong sign toner (i.e. toner that is charged to the same sign as the image to be developed) The performance of direct electrostatic printing systems also have the foregoing requirements.
Direct electrostatic printers are known in the art. For example, Pressman et al in U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,935 disclose an electrostatic line printer incorporating a multilayered particle modulator or printhead comprising a layer of insulating material, a continuous layer of conducting material on one side of the insulating layer and a segmented layer of conducting material on the other side of the insulating layer. At least one row of apertures is formed through the multilayered particle modulator. Each segment of the segmented layer of the conductive material is formed around a portion of an aperture and is insulatively isolated from every other segment of the segmented conductive layer. Selected potentials are applied to each of the segments of the segmented conductive layer while a fixed potential is applied to the continuous conductive layer.
An overall applied field projects charged particles through the row of apertures of the particle modulator and the density of the particle stream is modulated according to the the pattern of potentials applied to the segments of the segmented conductive layer. The modulated stream of charged particles impinge upon a print-receiving medium interposed in the modulated particle stream and translated relative to the particle modulator to provide line-by-line scan printing. In the Pressman et al device, the supply of the toner to the control member is not uniformly effected and irregularities are liable to occur in the image on the image receiving member. High-speed recording is difficult and moreover, the openings in the printhead are liable to be clogged by the toner. For these reasons, this method has not yet been put into practical use.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,491,855 issued on Jan. 1, 1985 in the name of Fujii, et al discloses a method and apparatus utilizing a controller having a plurality of openings or slit-like openings to control the passage of charged particles and to record a visible image by the charged particles directly on an image receiving member. Specifically disclosed therein is an improved device for supplying the charged particles to a control electrode and has made high-speed and stable recording possible. The improvement in Fujii et al lies in that the charged particles are supported on a supporting member and an alternating electric field is applied between the supporting member and the control electrode. Thus, as alleged therein, it has become possible to sufficiently supply the charged particles to the control electrode without scattering them.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,955 issued on Feb. 4, 1986 to Hosoya et al discloses a recording apparatus wherein a visible image based on image information is formed on an ordinary sheet by a developer. The recording apparatus comprises a developing roller spaced at a predetermined distance from and facing the ordinary sheet and carrying the developer thereon, a recording electrode and a signal source connected thereto, for propelling the developer on the developing roller to the ordinary sheet by generating an electric field between the ordinary sheet and the developing roller according to the image information, a plurality of mutually insulated electrodes provided on the developing roller and extending therefrom in one direction, an AC and a DC source are connected to the electrodes, for generating an alternating electric field between adjacent ones of the electrodes to cause oscillations of the developer found between the adjacent electrodes along electric lines of force therebetween to thereby liberate the developer from the developing roller. In a modified form of the Hosoya et al device, a toner reservoir is disposed beneath a recording electrode which has a top provided with an opening facing the recording electrode and an inclined bottom for holding a quantity of toner. In the toner reservoir are disposed a toner carrying plate as the developer carrying member, secured in a position such that it faces the end of the recording electrode at a predetermined distance therefrom, and a toner agitator for agitating the toner.
The toner carrying plate is made of an insulator. The toner carrying plate has a horizontal portion, a vertical portion descending from the right end of the horizontal portion and an inclined portion downwardly inclining from the left end of the horizontal portion. The lower end of the inclined portion is found near the lower end of the inclined bottom of the toner reservoir and immersed in the toner therein. The lower end of the vertical portion is found near the upper end of the inclined portion and about the toner in the reservoir.
The surface of the toner carrying plate is provided with a plurality of uniformly spaced parallel linear electrodes extending in the width direction of the toner carrying plate. At least three AC voltages of different phases are applied to the electrodes. The three-phase AC voltage source provides three-phase AC voltages 120 degrees out of phase from one another. The terminals are connected to the electrodes in such a manner that when the three-phase AC voltages are applied, a propagating alternating electric field is generated, which propagates along the surface of the toner carrying plate from the inclined portion to the horizontal portion.
The toner which is always present on the surface of lower end of the inclined portion of the toner carrying plate is negatively charged by friction with the surface of the toner carrying plate and by the agitator. When the propagating alternating electric field is generated by the three-phase AC voltages applied to the electrodes the toner is transported up the inclined portion of the toner carrying plate while it is oscillated and liberated to be rendered into the form of smoke between adjacent linear electrodes. Eventually, it reaches the horizontal portion and proceeds. When it reaches a development zone facing the recording electrode it is supplied through the opening to the ordinary sheet as recording medium, whereby a visible image is formed. The toner which has not contributed to the formation of the visible image, is carried along such as to fall along the vertical portion and then slide down into the bottom of the toner reservoir by the gravitational force to return to a zone, in which the lower end of the inclined portion of the toner.
Notwithstanding the advancements made in direct electrostatic printing, there is still need for improvement in the quality of the toner delivered to the substrate on which the images are formed. Specifically, a delivery system capable of delivering a high percentage of well charged (i.e. greater than 1 micron/gm) toner of the proper sign is highly desirable.
It is known to remove contaminants such as debris prior to the use of the developer for its intended purpose. Such an arrangement is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 718,615, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,115 wherein a biased roller is disposed in the developer housing at a location suitable for removing debris such as paper fibers from the toner prior to use for developing the images. The foregoing application does not involve the type of printing herein contemplated nor does it suggest the type of toner delivery system disclosed and claimed herein. Its relevance is the altering of the composition of the toner by removing contaminants from the developer prior to image development.
It is also known to separate low charge residual toner from toner charged to the desired level. Such is disclosed in a residual toner removal apparatus in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 563,729. In that application a cylindrically shaped member comprising an electrostatic wave transport is adapted to move toner larger than a predetermined size and having a predetermined charge level along its longitudinal axis.
A charged toner conveyor is disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,179 field in the name of Fred Schmidlin on May 29, 1984 which application is assigned to the same assignee as the instant application. The device disclosed therein differs from the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 563,729 in that, toner separation is not effected
The present invention provides a developer or toner delivery system which separates a quantity of toner into its positive and negative components and which transports or delivers toner which has a high percentage of a predetermined charge level and sign to the development zone. In a charged toner conveyor of the type disclosed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499 toner of sufficient absolute charge is transported via a traveling electrostatic wave pattern with the positive toner being moved along the direction of wave motion by the tangential electric field pointed in the same direction. The negative toner is also moved along in the same direction by a reversed electric field a half wave later or earlier.
In order to separate the positive and negative toner there is provided in one embodiment of the present invention, two charged toner conveyors similar in function to the one described in the aforementioned Schmidlin application. They are supported partially opposite each other in a face-to-face relationship and are electrically biased to the opposite polarity. With this arrangement of the two charged toner conveyors, toner of one polarity is attracted to one of the conveyors while toner of the other polarity is attracted to the other conveyor. Toner of one polarity can be delivered to the development zone while the toner of the other polarity can be delivered to a toner waste container or to the developer housing.
In a another embodiment of our invention, the toner is separated into its positive and negative components by superimposing a uniform field perpendicular to the wave motion (parallel to the grid wires which have a relatively high resistance). One way of achieving the foregoing cross field arrangement is to provide connections on both ends of a charged toner conveyor containing resistive grid wires. Two biased, 3-phase generators are employed such that their average potentials provide DC tangential fields which will move the toner of opposite signs in opposite directions on the conveyor. We refer to this embodiment as a cross-field separator while the first described embodiment is referred to as simply a transfer separator.
In still another embodiment of our invention we use either the transfer separator or the cross-field separator with initially uncharged toner which is charged by a toner charging system having no moving parts. To this end, in one embodiment, uncharged toner is dispensed onto a high voltage charged toner conveyor which transports it to a low voltage, combination transport and separator or a cross-field separator. The uncharged toner can also be charged by depositing ions from an ion source.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a printing apparatus representing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of a modified charged toner separator from that disclosed in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is schematic illustration of a charged toner separator device in combination with a toner charging apparatus; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a modified embodiment of the combined toner charging and separating device of FIG. 3.
Disclosed in FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a direct electrostatic printing apparatus 10 representing the invention.
The printing apparatus 10 includes a developer delivery system generally indicated by reference character 12, a printhead structure 14 and and a backing electrode or shoe 16. While the toner delivery system of the present invention is disclosed in connection with a direct electrostatic printer its use is not so limited. For example, it can also be utilized in a conventional xerographic copier or printer for delivering toner to a charge retentive surface having electrostatic images thereon.
The toner delivery system 12 comprises a sump 13 containing a quantity of charged nonmagnetic toner 17. A nonmagnetic donor roll 18 and a preloader roller 19 are provided for moving toner from the sump to a stationarily mounted toner conveyor 20. The preloader roll is preferably fabricated from soft rubber and is provided with a ribbed surface for effecting preloading of the donor roll thereby. The nonmagnetic roll 18 is rotatably supported and is provided with a DC biased AC power source 22 which causes the toner to be jumped from the roll 18 to the conveyor 20 across the gap 21 therebetween. A metering blade structure 23 is supported for wiping contact with the roll 18 and is thereby effective to both meter the toner to the desired thickness and charge charge it.
The conveyor 20 forms one member of a charged toner separator 24 while a conveyor 26 forms the other member. The charged toner conveyors 20 and 26 are supported in face-to-face relation over a portion of their extent as indicated at 28. The conveyor 20 includes a base member 30 on which there is carried an electrode array generally indicated by reference numeral 32 and preferably has a generally cylindrical shape. The conveyor 26 includes a arcuate shaped base member 34 having a plurality of electrodes on the surface thereof forming a second electrode array 35.
Each conveyor is utilized to transport only one polarity of toner particles delivered to the conveyor 20 via the nonmagnetic donor roll 18. To this end the electrode array 24 preferably comprises a three-phase grid structure comprising repeating groups of electrodes 36, 37 and 38 having a three-phase AC voltage source 39 operatively connected thereto for applying a voltage in the order of 30-1000 volts AC. The electrode array 32 preferably comprises a three-phase grid structure comprising repeating groups of electrodes 361, 371 and 381 having a three-phase AC voltage source 391 operatively connected thereto for applying a voltage in the order of 3-1000 volts AC.
The electrodes are connected to the AC voltage sources via phase shifting circuitry (not shown) which is similar to that disclosed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499 such that a traveling wave pattern is established. The AC voltage sources 39 and 391 are interconnected by a DC voltage source 40 which serves to create an electrostatic field between the two conveyors 20 and 26 which causes toner of one polarity to be attracted to the conveyor 20 while toner of the opposite polarity is attracted to the conveyor 26.
The electrostatic field forming the traveling wave pattern of the conveyor 20 pushed the charged toner particles of one polarity along the surface of the conveyor 20 to the printhead 14. Toner particles of the other polarity are pushed along the conveyor 26 and are returned to the sump 13. Toner particles moved by the conveyor 26 are attracted to a biased roll 41 and scraped therefrom by a scraper blade 42.
A typical width for each of the electrodes is 1 to 4 mils. Typical spacing between the centers of the electrodes is twice the electrode width and the spacing between adjacent electrodes is approximately the same as the electrode width. Typical operating frequency is between 1000 and 10,000 Hz for 125 lpi grids (4 mil electrodes), the drive frequency for maximum transport rate being 2,000 Hz.
While the electrodes may be exposed metal such as Cu or Al it is preferred that they be covered or overcoated with a thin oxide or insulator layer. A thin coating having a thickness of about half the electrode width will sufficiently attenuate the higher harmonic frequencies and suppress attraction to the electrode edges by polarization forces. A slightly conductive overcoating will allow for the relaxation of charge accumulation due to charge exchange with the toner. To avoid excessive alteration of the toner charge as it moves about the conveyor, however, a thin coating of a material which is non-tribo active with respect to the toner is desirable. A weakly tribo-active material which maintains the desired charge level may also be utilized.
A preferred overcoating layer comprises a strongly injecting active matrix such as that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 567,840 filed in the U.S. Patent Office in the name of Joseph Mammino et al on or about Dec. 30, 1983 and assigned to the same assignee as the instant application. As disclosed therein, the layer comprises an insulating film forming contiuous phase comprising charge transport molecules and finely divided charge injection enabling particles dispersed in the continuous phase. A polyvinylfluoride film available from the E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company under the tradename Tedlar has also been found to be suitable for use as the overcoat.
The printhead structure 14 comprises a layered member including an electrically insulative base member 60 fabricated from a polyimide film approximately 0.001 inch thick. The base member is clad on the one side thereof with a continuous conductive layer or shield 62 of aluminum which is approximately one micro thick. The opposite side of the base member 60 carries segmented conductive layer 63 thereon which is fabricated from aluminum. A plurality of holes or apertures 64 (only one of which is shown) approximately 0.007 inch in diameter are provided in the layered structure in a pattern suitable for use in recording information. The apertures form an electrode array of individually addressable electrodes. With the shield grounded or biased at a low negative voltage and a negative 350 volts applied to an addressable electrode toner is prevented from being propelled through the aperture defined by that electrode. With zero volts applied to an addressable electrode toner is propelled through the aperture. Image intensity can be varied by adjusting the voltage on the shield and control electrodes between 0 and minus 350 volts. Addressing of the individual electrodes can be effected in any manner known in the art of printing using electronically addressable printing elements.
The electrode or shoe 16 has an arcuate shape as shown but as will be appreciated the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. The shoe which is positioned on the opposite side of a plain paper recording medium 44 from the printhead deflects the recording medium in order to provide an extended area of contact between the medium and the shoe.
The recording medium 44 may comprise cut sheets of paper or as shown herein it can comprise a web of plain paper which is spaced about 0.005 inch from the printhead 14. The web which may be contained in supply roll 47 is transported in contact with the shoe 16 via edge transport rolls 48.
During printing the shoe 16 is electrically biased to a DC potential of approximately 400 volts via a dc voltage source 50.
Periodically, a switch 52 is actuated such that a DC biased AC power supply 54 is connected to the the shoe 16 to effect cleaning of the printhead.
Momentum transfer between the oscillating toner and any toner on the control electrodes of the printhead causes the toner on the control electrodes to become dislodged. The toner so dislodged is deposited on the copy substrate or medium 44 along with toner transferred through the apertures during the printing process.
The fusing station includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 55, which permanently affixed the transferred toner powder images to substrate 44. Preferably, fuser assembly 55 includes a heated fuser roller 56 adapted to be pressure engaged with a back-up roller 58 with the toner powder images contacting fuser roller 56. In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to substrate 44. After fusing, a chute, not shown guides the substrate 44 to a catch tray, also not shown, for removal from the printing machine by the operator.
The modified embodiment of the toner separator illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises charged toner conveyor 70 including a base member 72 supporting repeating groups of electrodes 74, 76 and 78 similar to those of FIG. 1. A pair of three-phase AC voltage sources 80 and 82 are provide for applying suitable voltages to the electrode groups. Two three phase generators are provided so their average potentials can be independently biased by a DC voltage source 84 to supply the desired tangential field for producing a uniform field perpendicular to wave motion (i.e. parallel to the electrodes). As shown, the toner of one polarity is moved toward one end of the conveyor 70 while toner of the opposite polarity is moved in the opposite direction. We have labeled the charged toner separator of Figure 2 the cross-field separator whereas the separator of FIG. 1 has been labeled transfer separator.
Disclosed in FIG. 3 is a toner charging device 86 that can be used with a charged toner separator similar to the one shown in FIG. 1. The toner charging device 86 comprises a high voltage charged toner conveyor 88 supported for receiving uncharged toner from a toner dispenser 90. The conveyor 88 is supplied with a relatively high voltage from source 92 which applies a voltage at a level sufficient to cause air ionization. The ions collect on the toner dispensed from the conveyor 88 whereby the toner particles are charged to a level sufficient for them to be transported and separated into positive and negative toner by a low voltage charged toner separator 94 similar to the separator 24. The separator comprise oppositely disposed low voltage toner conveyors 95 and 951. Alternatively, a cross-field separator could be use in connection with the toner charging device 86.
Disclosed in FIG. 4 is an modified form of the toner charging device of FIG. 3. As disclosed therein, uncharged toner from a toner hopper 96 is carried past a source 98 of ions by the use of an air source 100 which introduces air at greater than atmospheric pressure into the top inlet of the ion source 98 as well the air intake ports 102 of the toner hopper. The ions which are emitted from a corona discharge wire 104 are deposited on the toner as it is drawn past the ion source exit. The airflow is adjusted by bleed valves 106 to maintain approximately one full monolayer of toner moving a 50 to 100 cm/sec, as needed by the development system. The charged toner is then transported along a channel defined by opposed charged toner conveyors forming a charged toner separator 110 similar to the charged toner separator 17. The conveyors forming the separator are spaced approximately 0.010 to 0.0320 inch. The separator 110 has two branches 112 and 114, one for conveying toner of one polarity to a development zone and the other to a toner sump.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 6, 1969
|Sep 5, 1972
|Electroprint Inc
|Electrostatic line printer
|Feb 16, 1972
|Dec 11, 1973
|Masuda S
|Apparatus for electric field curtain of contact type
|Sep 25, 1972
|Apr 2, 1974
|S Masuda
|Booth for electrostatic powder painting with contact type electric field curtain
|Oct 18, 1973
|Mar 18, 1975
|Masuda Senichi
|Electrodynamic apparatus for controlling flow of particulate material
|Jun 22, 1982
|Nov 6, 1984
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Developing apparatus and a developing method of an electrostatic image
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|Jan 1, 1985
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image recording method and apparatus
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|Aug 27, 1985
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|Fluid jet assisted ion projection and printing apparatus
|Mar 27, 1984
|Feb 4, 1986
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Recording apparatus using a toner-fog generated by electric fields applied to electrodes on the surface of the developer carrier
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|Feb 20, 1990
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|Feb 20, 1990
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|Xerox Corporation
|Direct electrostatic printing apparatus and method for making labels
|Dec 18, 1989
|Aug 13, 1991
|Xerox Corporation
|Belt donor for direct electrostatic printing
|Oct 11, 1990
|Mar 10, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Avoidance of DEP wrong sign toner hole clogging by out of phase shield bias
|Jul 2, 1990
|Mar 17, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Cyclonic toner charging donor
|May 21, 1990
|Aug 4, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Apertureless direct electrostatic printer
|Feb 28, 1991
|Sep 15, 1992
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|Apertureless direct electronic printing
|Feb 20, 1991
|Oct 6, 1992
|Salmon Peter C
|Digitally controlled method and apparatus for delivering toners to substrates
|Dec 16, 1991
|Apr 20, 1993
|Xerox Corporation
|Ceramic printhead for direct electrostatic printing
|Jun 5, 1991
|May 11, 1993
|Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
|Electrostatic recording apparatus with an electrode drive means within the developer circulating path
|Nov 4, 1991
|Jan 25, 1994
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Pixelized toning
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|Feb 1, 1994
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color image recording apparatus for recording a color image on a recording medium with color particles with a vibrating print head
|Feb 25, 1992
|Feb 15, 1994
|Salmon Peter C
|Electrostatic printing apparatus and method
|Sep 27, 1991
|Feb 22, 1994
|Cubital Ltd.
|Apparatus for information transfer including a dielectric element and generally non-imagewise charge service
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|Image forming apparatus
|Oct 3, 1994
|Dec 26, 1995
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus and method
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|Image forming apparatus with specific aperture electrode unit
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|Apr 2, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Scavengeless donor roll development
|Dec 2, 1994
|Apr 16, 1996
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Electric field potential control device for an image forming apparatus
|Nov 12, 1993
|Jun 11, 1996
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for improving transcription quality in electrographical printers
|May 2, 1995
|Dec 17, 1996
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus
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|Feb 25, 1997
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Electrostatic image former with improved toner control grid
|Apr 23, 1996
|Mar 25, 1997
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus
|Jun 20, 1994
|May 20, 1997
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having aperture electrode unit including insulating member with high dielectric constant
|Feb 22, 1995
|Jun 17, 1997
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image recording apparatus having aperture electrode with tension application means and tension increasing means and opposing electrode for applying toner image onto image receiving sheet
|Apr 7, 1995
|Aug 19, 1997
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having a plurality of aperature electrodes and intermintent openings forming an electrostatic field
|May 2, 1995
|Jan 27, 1998
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Aperture control member having a plurality of apertures passing toner under control of a plurality of control electrodes
|Apr 18, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Nec Corporation
|Apparatus and method for removing residual developer remaining on a photosensitive element
|Jun 20, 1994
|May 5, 1998
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having a charged particle control device with a selectively insulating arrangement
|Aug 13, 1996
|Jun 16, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
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|Jul 7, 1998
|Imagine Ltd.
|Apparatus and methods for non impact imaging and digital printing
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|Sep 8, 1998
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|Back electrode control device and method for an image forming apparatus which varies an electric potential applied to the back electrode based on the number of driven aperture electrodes
|Feb 14, 1995
|Oct 6, 1998
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus to control electrodes in a print unit
|May 2, 1996
|Oct 6, 1998
|Array Printers Ab
|Apparatus and method using variable control signals to improve the print quality of an image recording apparatus
|Mar 22, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Array Printers Ab Publ.
|Apparatus and method for increasing the coverage area of a control electrode during direct electrostatic printing
|Apr 1, 1998
|Dec 15, 1998
|Schmidlin; Fred W.
|Electrostatic toner conditioning and controlling means II
|Oct 9, 1996
|Mar 30, 1999
|Xerox Corporation
|Two-dimensional print cell array apparatus and method for delivery of toner for printing images
|Nov 27, 1996
|Mar 30, 1999
|Array Printers Publ. Ab
|Printhead structure for direct electrostatic printing
|Apr 19, 1996
|May 4, 1999
|Direct electrostatic printing device wherein the speeds of a magnetic brush and a receiving substrate are related to each other
|Oct 16, 1996
|Sep 21, 1999
|Array Printers Publ. Ab
|Device for enhancing transport of proper polarity toner in direct electrostatic printing
|Nov 27, 1996
|Sep 28, 1999
|Array Printers Ab
|Device and a method for positioning an array of control electrodes in a printhead structure for direct electrostatic printing
|Nov 27, 1996
|Oct 12, 1999
|Array Printers Ab
|Flexible support apparatus for dynamically positioning control units in a printhead structure for direct electrostatic printing
|Apr 19, 1996
|Oct 26, 1999
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for reducing cross coupling and dot deflection in an image recording apparatus
|Apr 7, 1995
|Nov 9, 1999
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having toner flow control which shields extended portion of control electrodes from toner carrying mechanism
|Dec 5, 1996
|Nov 16, 1999
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct printing method utilizing dot deflection and a printhead structure for accomplishing the method
|Jan 22, 1997
|Dec 14, 1999
|Array Printers Publ. Ab
|Method and apparatus for using dual print zones to enhance print quality
|Dec 5, 1996
|Jan 4, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Printhead structure for improved dot size control in direct electrostatic image recording devices
|Feb 18, 1997
|Jan 11, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct printing method with improved control function
|Jun 9, 1997
|Jan 25, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct printing method with improved control function
|Sep 18, 1995
|Jan 25, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and device for feeding toner particles in a printer unit
|Dec 19, 1997
|Feb 22, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for cleaning the printhead structure during direct electrostatic printing
|Dec 19, 1997
|Feb 29, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct electrostatic printing method and apparatus
|Nov 1, 1995
|Mar 7, 2000
|Device for direct electrostatic printing (DEP) comprising an individual shield and control electrode per aperture
|Sep 8, 1997
|May 16, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Serial printing system with direct deposition of powder particles
|Sep 22, 1997
|May 16, 2000
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Toner that includes core material and fine-powdered abrasive for use in image-forming apparatus
|Dec 19, 1997
|Jun 6, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for stabilizing an intermediate image receiving member during direct electrostatic printing
|Mar 4, 1998
|Jun 13, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Printhead structure in an image recording device
|Mar 19, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct electrostatic printing method and apparatus
|Mar 19, 1998
|Jul 4, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Apparatus and method for controlling print density in a direct electrostatic printing apparatus by adjusting toner flow with regard to relative positioning of rows of apertures
|Dec 19, 1997
|Jul 11, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Apparatus for positioning a control electrode array in a direct electrostatic printing device
|Mar 19, 1998
|Aug 15, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for controlling the print image density in a direct electrostatic printing apparatus
|Apr 4, 1998
|Aug 15, 2000
|Array Printers Ab
|Image forming method and device utilizing chemically produced toner particles
|Mar 6, 1998
|Aug 29, 2000
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|Direct printing method with improved control function
|Jun 9, 1997
|Oct 17, 2000
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|Mar 6, 1998
|Jan 16, 2001
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|Direct electrostatic printing method and apparatus with apparent enhanced print resolution
|Sep 30, 1999
|Jan 23, 2001
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|Direct printing method with improved control function
|Feb 24, 1998
|Mar 13, 2001
|Arrray Printers Ab
|Direct electrostatic printing method and apparatus with increased print speed
|Dec 19, 1997
|Apr 3, 2001
|Array Printers Ab
|Method and apparatus for coating an intermediate image receiving member to reduce toner bouncing during direct electrostatic printing
|Dec 19, 1997
|Jul 10, 2001
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|Jul 17, 2001
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|The Salmon Group Llc
|Printing apparatus and method for imaging charged toner particles using direct writing methods
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|Mar 26, 2002
|Array Printers Ab
|Direct electrostatic printing method and apparatus
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|Jun 18, 2002
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|Printing apparatus of toner jet type having an electrically screened matrix unit
|Oct 11, 1994
|Jul 16, 2002
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|Image-forming apparatus with electric-field control of data and selection electrodes
|Nov 2, 2001
|Dec 31, 2002
|Technology Innovations Llc
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|Jul 30, 2008
|Feb 22, 2011
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|Coating precursor materials, turbomachinery components, and methods of forming the turbomachinery components
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|May 11, 1988
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|Direct electrostatic printing apparatus and printhead cleaning structure therefor
|Oct 29, 1987
|Dec 13, 1989
|Xerox Corporation
|Direct electrostatic printing apparatus and printhead cleaning structure therefor
|Oct 29, 1987
|May 11, 1988
|Xerox Corporation
|Direct electrostatic printing apparatus and toner/developer delivery system therefor
|Oct 29, 1987
|Jan 17, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Direct electrostatic printing apparatus and toner/developer delivery system therefor
|May 31, 1989
|Dec 6, 1989
|Xerox Corporation
|Printing apparatus and toner/developer delivery system therefor
|May 31, 1989
|Aug 1, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Printing apparatus and toner/developer delivery system therefor
|Dec 22, 1989
|Jul 4, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Electrostatic printing apparatus
|Dec 22, 1989
|Nov 22, 1990
|Xerox Corporation
|Electrostatic printing apparatus
|Aug 28, 1990
|Mar 6, 1991
|Xerox Corporation
|Wrong sign toner extraction for a direct electrostatic printer
|Aug 28, 1990
|Mar 25, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Wrong sign toner extraction for a direct electrostatic printer
|Jul 1, 1991
|Jan 8, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Cyclonic toner charging donor
|Jul 1, 1991
|Oct 21, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Cyclonic toner charging donor
|Dec 22, 1994
|Jun 28, 1995
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus
|Dec 22, 1994
|May 15, 1996
|Sharp Kk
|Image forming apparatus.
|Dec 7, 1995
|Aug 7, 1996
|AGFA-GEVAERT naamloze vennootschap
|Polymer suspension method for producing toner particles
|Apr 2, 1996
|Oct 30, 1996
|AGFA-GEVAERT naamloze vennootschap
|A device for DEP (direct electrostatic printing)
|Feb 23, 2000
|Aug 29, 2001
|AGFA-GEVAERT naamloze vennootschap
|A device for direct electrostatic printing wherein the layer of charged toner particles on a toner bearing surface is homogenised
|Feb 19, 1992
|Sep 3, 1992
|Salmon Peter C
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 29, 1986
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, STAMFORD, CT., A CORP OF NY.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDLIN, FRED W.;LINDBLAD, NERO R.;REEL/FRAME:004654/0059
Effective date: 19861219
|Sep 9, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 19, 1995
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 12, 1996
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 23, 1996
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19960515


text:
Things you might think are okay may not be okay with me. Here's an example of common sense in a setting we are very familiar with: The restaurant hostess. Common sense would dictate the hostess not seat a group of four noisy teens at a table next to a senior couple. That's my opinion. But that's subjective, as you might not feel where the two parties sit is important. I bet we can all agree on this exercise of common sense: The hostess should never seat a party at a dirty table. The party should be seated only after the table has been cleaned. This is common sense.
I happen to know that most GPS systems provide a route from my house to downtown that's completely wrong. Sure, I will eventually arrive downtown, but anytime you drive north for five miles, east for five miles, and south for five miles there's something wrong. Common sense says, go east for five miles and south for five miles, and eliminate the northward travel and shave five miles off the trip. So many scenarios pop up in a vehicle that chauffeurs must deal with. Good common sense traits are a prerequisite to hiring. Imagine a couple gets into a dispute in the vehicle. You cannot "train" a chauffeur to handle this kind of situation. You have to be in the vehicle and know the passion level of the fight. In most cases, the chauffeur should remain silent. However, if the trip includes another three hours of travel and the situation is escalating to the point of physical violence, obviously the chauffeur must use common sense to defuse the situation. Because common sense is such an important part of what we do each day, the interview process should have at least a few "What If?" scenarios thrown out to a prospective employee to see how much common sense they exercise.
Illegal or not, immigrants in one California region spend hard-earned money on renting stretch limousines.
Unlike the tooth fairy and baby teeth, the dent fairy never runs out of vehicles.
The suite parties, charity fundraisers, and off-the-grid get togethers round out a complete global industry trade show.
Operators don't have much to worry about if TNC drivers keep acting like this.
With more states legalizing use of marijuana, what is the fallout for commercial driving?
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text:
Mother Jones: Vomit-Caked Florida Wakes Up Next to Rick Scott With a Tea Party Hangover
What did our mothers tell us about overindulgence? "Oh no, don't worry about it. We swear we're just going to have one more cup of this tea," we all said back in 2010 while we were busy here in Florida electing anyone remotely connected to the Tea Party. Next thing we knew, we blacked out and found ourselves waking up the next morning with a scary bald guy named Rick we didn't know all that well and dealing with the vomit-caked consequences of our Tea Party binge.
Or, at least that's how liberal mag Mother Jone's paints it in their latest issue.
Accompanied by a video, MoJo makes the case that Rick Scott and our conservative legislature turned our state in a failed nightmare of a Tea Party experiment:
The article is one of the most eviscerating take-downs of Scott's legacy we've seen yet (and believe us, its not like anyone, even the conservative press, is writing articles praising Scott's legacy):
In just one year, Scott and his conservative allies slashed state spending by $4 billion even as they cut corporate taxes. They've rejected billions in federal funds in one of the states hardest hit by the recession. They've axed everything from health care and public transportation initiatives to mosquito control and water supply programs. "Florida is where the rhetoric becomes the reality. It's kind of the tea party on steroids," says state Rep. Mark Pafford, a Democrat. "We've lost all navigation in terms of finding that middle ground."
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As a result of Scott's Tea Party agenda (and, not to mention, his many basic failures as a politician that have nothing to do with his ideology), his approval ratings are so far down in the toilet they'd need a super plunger to be saved. Chillingly though, MoJo writes, "it may be too late for buyer's remorse." Stephanie Mencimer enumerates the many problem's caused by Scott's agenda that may have irreversible effects, including the state's new policy of warehousing special needs children in nursing homes.
"I don't think it's insurmountable to recover from dismantling 50 years' worth of great government structures that made society in Florida better," says Democratic state Rep. Mark Pafford tells the mag. "But it could be a decade before we really begin to address some of these issues."
[MoJo: What's It Like to Wake Up From a Tea Party Binge? Just Ask Florida!]
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text:
Is acne hereditary?
The acne bacterium which is known as Propionibacterium acnes liveson everyone's skin, usually causing no problems, but, in thoseprone to acne, the build up of oil creates an i…deal environment inwhich these bacteria prefer to multiply. This then triggersinflammation and the formation of red or pus-filled spots Acne can run in families, but this does not necessarily mean thatif your parents had acne you will get it too. (MORE)


text:
Working within the Federal Reserve System, the New York Fed implements monetary policy, supervises and regulates financial institutions and helps maintain the nation's payment systems.
Do you have a Freedom of Information request? Learn how to submit it.
See the world's largest accumulation of gold as you learn about the New York Fed and Federal Reserve System on a free tour.
The latest Annual Report chronicles the impact of Federal Reserve policies and includes data on the New York Fed's operations.
Our economists engage in scholarly research and policy-oriented analysis on a wide range of important issues.
The Center for Microeconomic Data offers analysis and data exploring individual-level financial and nonfinancial economic conditions, expectations, and behavior in the United States.
Our model produces a "nowcast" of GDP growth, incorporating a wide range of macroeconomic data as it becomes available.
U.S. Economy in a Snapshot is a monthly presentation designed to give you a quick and accessible look at developments in the economy.
As part of our core mission, we supervise and regulate financial institutions in the Second District. Our primary objective is to maintain a safe and competitive U.S. and global banking system.
The Governance & Culture Reform hub is designed to foster discussion about corporate governance and the reform of culture and behavior in the financial services industry.
Need to file a report with the New York Fed? Here are all of the forms, instructions and other information related to regulatory and statistical reporting in one spot.
The New York Fed works to protect consumers as well as provides information and resources on how to avoid and report specific scams.
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York works to promote sound and well-functioning financial systems and markets through its provision of industry and payment services, advancement of infrastructure reform in key markets and training and educational support to international institutions.
The New York Fed provides a wide range of payment services for financial institutions and the U.S. government.
The New York Fed offers several specialized courses designed for central bankers and financial supervisors.
The New York Fed has been working with tri-party repo market participants to make changes to improve the resiliency of the market to financial stress.
The New York Fed engages with individuals, households and businesses in the Second District and maintains an active dialogue in the region. The Bank gathers and shares regional economic intelligence to inform our community and policy makers, and promotes sound financial and economic decisions through community development and education programs.
The College Fed Challenge is a team competition for undergraduates inspired by the working of the Federal Open Market Committee.
The Community Credit interactive highlights credit conditions, including measures of credit inclusion and stress, at the national, state and county levels.
Qualifying Securities Eligible collateral for a TALF loan will include U.S. dollar-denominated, cash (that is, not synthetic) commercial mortgage-backed pass-through securities (each a "CMBS") issued on or after January 1, 2009 as to which all of the following conditions are satisfied as of its date of issuance (except as the context otherwise requires).
Qualifying Assets
Pooling and Servicing AgreementsThe pooling and servicing agreement and other agreements governing the issuance of the CMBS and the servicing of its assets must contain provisions to the following effects.
If the class of the CMBS is one of two or more time-tranched classes of the same distribution priority, distributions of principal must be made on a pro rata basis to all such classes once the credit support is reduced to zero as a result of both actual realized losses and "appraisal reduction amounts".
Loan Terms, Haircuts and Other Conditions The general terms and conditions of the TALF program apply to TALF loans that are secured by a CMBS described above, except as modified by the following terms and conditions:
The New York Fed expects collateral pools to be diversified with respect to loan size, geography, property type, borrower sponsorship and other characteristics, but will consider CMBS backed by nondiversified collateral on a case-by-case basis.
The New York Fed will engage a collateral monitor and will reserve the right, until the issuance of the CMBS, to exclude specific loans from each pool. In addition, the New York Fed will retain the right to reject any CMBS as TALF loan collateral based on its risk assessment.
The New York Fed expects the agreements governing the issuance of each CMBS and the servicing of its assets, and the terms and conditions of its underlying loans, to permit, and to provide in effect for, reporting that is sufficient to enable the New York Fed to monitor and evaluate its position as secured lender.
Each TALF loan secured by a CMBS will have a three-year maturity or five-year maturity, at the election of the borrower. A three-year TALF loan will bear interest at a fixed rate per annum equal to 100 basis points over the 3-year Libor swap rate. A five-year TALF loan is expected to bear interest at a fixed rate per annum equal to 100 basis points over the 5-year Libor swap rate.
The collateral haircut for each CMBS with an average life of five years or less will be 15%. For CMBS with average lives beyond five years, collateral haircuts will increase by one percentage point for each additional year of average life beyond five years. No CMBS may have an average life beyond ten years.
The average life of a CMBS will be the remainder of the original weighted average life determined by its issuer employing industry-standard assumptions.
Any remittance of principal on the CMBS must be used immediately to reduce the principal amount of the TALF loan in proportion to the TALF advance rate. For example, if the TALF advance rate was 85 percent, 85 percent of any remittance of principal on the CMBS must immediately be repaid to the New York Fed. In addition, for a five-year TALF loan, the excess, in any TALF loan year, of CMBS interest distributions over TALF loan interest payable will be remitted to the TALF borrower only until such excess equals 25% (10% in the fourth loan year and 5% in the fifth loan year) of the haircut amount, and the remainder of such excess will be applied to TALF loan principal.
A TALF borrower must agree not to exercise or refrain from exercising any voting, consent or waiver rights under a CMBS without the consent of the New York Fed.