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Zesty Apartment, Dahab
Great location for windsurfers and kitesurfers who want an easy walk to the watersports lagoon. Situated in the 'Medina' area, only a 10 minute walk to the main sandy beach.
Zesty Apartment has two bedrooms sleeping four people comfortably. It is located in a residential area (opposite the Hilton hotel) with a lovely view over the Sinai Mountains. There is a supermarket, off-licence, grocery shop, laundrette, post office, international call centre and a local cafe only 5 minutes walk away.
Managed and owned by Toby and Fi from Dahab Holidays.
Facilities: A modern two bedroom apartment located on the ground floor, with quiet modern air conditioning in all rooms. Comfy three seater and two seater sofa in the open plan living room with flat screen TV, satellite and free WiFi.
Outdoor area with BBQ.
Bedrooms: The Master bedroom has a double bed (150cms), plus twin bedroom so sleeps 4 people comfortably. Both bedrooms have quiet air conditioning. Bedlinen and towels provided. Bathroom with waterfall shower and WC.
Kitchen: The stylish well equipped kitchen has a breakfast bar with four stools, gas oven with four hobs, fridge / freezer, toaster and kettle, and plenty of cooking utensils.
Extra's: Use the public beach free of charge or pay a small daily fee to use the hotel sunbeds and pool. Only a 10 minute walk to the beach and 5 minute taxi ride into Masbat where the main restaurants and bars are located. A few places also offer home delivery.
There is a small shop less than a minute's walk away.
|PRICE for the apartment per night including utilities and local taxes for 2-4 people
|Low Season Special (Jan 11th - Feb 15th)
|Standard Season (Feb 16th-Dec 14th)
|Christmas and New Year (Dec 15th-Jan 10th)
|Final Cleaning
Complementary starter pack of essentials included (e.g. tea, coffee, water, milk, bread, butter, eggs, jam, washing up liquid). Any special requests can be added to the starter pack so it's in your apartment on arrival.
Simply let us know what you would like.


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subset: commoncrawl


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A/N: Hello everyone
Ok this may be a bit boring and confusing to start with but it becomes better, well I hope it does. Oh and just a heads up none of the characters have ever met before. The characters have also been changed with extra or missing abilities and slightly different backgrounds. Anyway I don't want to give anything away so please read and enjoy and review. Thanks
Summary (though it will change later on): Sakura is kidnapped by a mysterious man named Sasuke. He has orders to bring her for experimental purposes due to her unknown power and past but instead he falls for her. Can she and the other outcasts they meet be able to change his mind or will Sakura be forced to become Orochimaru's new experiment. Her fate rests in his hands.
Disclaimer: I do not own Naruto
The wind swept through the trees, echoing oddly around the night. She slowly made her way across the room, trying to make as little sound as possible. With each creak in the floor she would pause, her heart pumping loudly. Once it was apparent that she was indeed alone, she would relax, trying to catch her breath. If there was a detector for the level of her nerves, the result would be off the charts.
"It isn't much further" She told herself, but the door seemed so far away, as if she would never make it. She could of course just give up, turn back and crawl towards her cell and be given into slavery. It might not even be a bad life, and she would get paid. But she had to know, her curiosity was to strong to never wonder what would happen. Her desire for knowledge was burning too great to back out know. So she stepped forward again, slowly edging her way towards the door, and her freedom.
"Night time stroll I see" a voice said, cutting through her body as if a thousand daggers were poking at her lungs. It was an unfamiliar voice, so it couldn't have been one of the elders. Fighting to keep her breath steady, she turned slowly around to face a pair of red eyes. They spelt danger that much she knew.
She strained her eyes to get a better look at this stranger but he, or she it was hard to tell, was covered in a black cloak. She looked away, hoping that if she kept still long enough they wouldn't see her. This was not to be.
"Hiding are we, a foolish attempt" His voice was so stern and emotionless, yet she was surprised to find a hint of amusement.
"I see all" He said again, but this time in a cold, icy whisper. She wanted to run, to scream. But neither her legs nor throat would work. As if he had petrified me with those stone cold eyes.
"What did he want" she thought to herself. The stranger let out a hoarse laugh. Wasn't he afraid of being heard. Maybe he wasn't afraid of anything.
"I want nothing from you, to me you are insignificant" He paused.
She felt like gasping in amazement. "He can hear her thoughts" Was her first reaction, "that means no matter what I think, he will know"
"Good" The voice said "It saves me from having to explain it" This time she didn't bother wasting energy trying to voice her question. She looked deep into those blood red eyes and thought her query.
"Are you in her mind?"
"Oh no, I can't take control of ones mind. I wouldn't either; a mind is a very personal place. I can only access your thoughts and feelings on the conscious level. But nothing more"
"I see" she replied, or more thought than said. Her voice would still not work. All that would was her eyes. He let out a quick laugh, however this time it didn't sound cold or scary but younger. However the stranger quickly went back to his emotionless tone.
"I'm sure you don't"
"So how can you freeze me like this if it's not mind control"
"I forgot about that. Well that's easy; I'm using another technique that allows me to control your body."
'Technique' she thought, but the man didn't respond to this. She realized at this point that he had released me from his hold. Her first instinct was to run as fast as she could, screaming out at the top of her lungs. She didn't care about escaping anymore, I just wanted to live.
"I wouldn't if I were you" He said, his voice sounded bored.
"Really" she asked out loud. If her voice gave the impression that she was confident and under control than this was nothing to what she was feeling. Deep down her heart was beating so loud it was deafening. The man was staring at me again. She could feel his eyes upon me. She looked into them and she saw that the look wasn't one of annoyance but rather that he was thinking or pondering about something.
"Interesting" He said, to more than himself than to her. There was an awkward silence following this statement, which is when she became aware of the constant ticking of the nearby cloak. The stranger, who at this point I had discovered must be a male, had also noticed because he looked towards its direction than cursed softly, but just loud enough for me to hear. Once again the voice sounded young, but he covered it up again. She felt her pulse speed up again.
"We must leave here now" He said, his voice now was stern and harsh. Her blood turned cold.
"What do you mean we? I thought you said in was insignificant to you" she asked. He nodded, his tome sounded annoyed when he next spoke.
"I did but unfortunately her boss feels otherwise."
"Your boss"
"Yes, my boss. The person who gives me orders" He snapped "Now I'm out of time and on a very tight schedule so please stop the pointless and endless questions and let's go"
"I'm not going anywhere" she demanded
"Oh really, funny about that. Weren't you just about to try and escape" He replied
"Fine yes I was, sorry ill rephrase that. I'm not going anywhere with you" she told him and he sighed.
"Fair enough, I was hoping it wouldn't have to come to this"
"Come to what" she asked, her voice cracking as her heart literally stopped. He made a sudden movement and she was aware of a sharp pain at the back of her head before her whole world went black.
She awoke to find herself lying on a cold damp floor of some kind. She was aware of a throbbing pain in her head and it took her awhile to remember where she was. Then it all came back to her. The stranger, the cold voice, those red eyes and then nothing. She slowly opened her eyes to find herself in pitch darkness. She tried to move but was unable to do so. She realized that she was tied down.
"Great" she muttered. All she wanted was to escape. Escape the place that had held her prisoner since she was six, on that tragic day. For nearly eleven years she had been trapped in that building, that orphanage. Where no one understood me or what she could do. That's probably why she had never been able to find another family. And now she was trapped again. When all she wanted to do was find others like me. In desperation she began to struggle to get free.
"I wouldn't do that if I were you" A familiar emotionless voice said. It was the stranger, her kidnapper.
"Who are you" she called out in terror, and the man sighed.
"Sasuke" He replied. "My name is Sasuke"
A/N: Ok that's the first chapter. Please review with comments, ideas or just criticism I don't mind. So please I would like to hear others opinions before continuing so please pretty please review. Ok thanks for reading.


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Syrian War Report – June 23, 2017: Army Regaining More Ground Near Palmyra
https://southfront.org/syrian-war-report-june-23-2017-army-regaining-more-ground-near-palmyra/ If you're able, and if you like our content and approach, please support the project. Our work wouldn't be possible without your help: PayPal: firstname.lastname@example.com or via: http://southfront.org/donate/ or via: https://www.patreon.com/southfront The Syrian Arab Army (SAA), the National Defense Forces (NDF) and other pro-government factions have further advanced against ISIS and US-backed militants in the province of Homs. On Thursday, government troops captured Tal Ghurab northwest of the US garrison


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About me
|User since
|August 25, 2011
|Number of add-ons developed
|0 add-ons
|Average rating of developer's add-ons
|Not yet rated
My Reviews
Abduction! - Webpage Screenshots Screen Capture
Rated 1 out of 5 stars
Version "126.96.36.199-signed.1-signed" doesn't work on Firefox 51.
Down? Rated 1 out of 5 stars
The AddOns website is down. The developers website is down too.
Mozilla should decide to take this offered addon away.
Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Works great with Seamonkey 2.24 after adding the em:targetApplication description, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Add-ons/SeaMonkey_2 .This review is for a previous version of the add-on (1.2.2).
Expand mailing list recipients
Works with Seamonkey 2.23 Rated 4 out of 5 stars
To install in Seamonkey just add a <em:targetApplication> section as shown in http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=1355415#p6948645.
This addon is a solution for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=119977
Works Fine, Great Improvement Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Calendar has now an own window and is an item in the Taskbar. Withdraws the calendar from just being a tab in the Mail Component. Functionality is fine and stable. A little artwork polishing of the user interface would be fine.This review is for a previous version of the add-on (0.1.4).
Rated 4 out of 5 stars
Works under Seamonkey 2, too!
Needed to add the targetApplication in install.rdf [1] and to set extensions.thunderbox.boxen.0.addressbookURI = "moz-abmdbdirectory://abook.mab" [2].
[1] http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=500361&start=1710#p11382371
[2] about:config
To create your own collections, you must have a Mozilla Add-ons account.


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Our goal is to fuel the growth of our clients while providing opportunities for employees to thrive and advance.
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I have found Ajulia Executive Search to always go the extra mile to find the best talent for their clients. They listen, learn, and understand their clients' needs, culture, and match the people to the company.


text: Some items were good. I took a thali and all the items were not good. The sambar and rasam were good. Some of the curries were not tasting good. The papad was placed on the hot rice and it was like a piece of cloth by the time it reached us. The chapathi was not done properly. Ifli and ravakesari... More


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Bibliographic Details
Title: The Mumford Patent Water Tube Boiler. As ...
Publisher: A.G. Mumford, Limited, Colchester, England
Binding: Soft cover
Book Condition: Very Good
Original red wrapper with gilt lettering on front cover. 6 X 9 oblong. 15 pages. Copy has 5 black and white illustrations and 2 black and white photographs. Bookseller Inventory # 017405
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Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.2 LB, or 1 KG. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required.
Store Description: Our store was founded in 1975 and has been in continuous operations since then. We maintain a quality selection of books, letters and manuscripts, photographs, prints and ephemera. We are open to serious collectors Monday through Saturday and suggest that you call the store before coming in. We do not send pictures or scans.


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text:
In a survey published in 2015, Entrepreneur Magazine revealed that one of the least fulfilling tasks that business owners deal with is…(drum roll, please)…bookkeeping! Wait – you mean bookkeeping isn't a non-stop party?? Isn't your friendly Xero accountant a real party animal?* Ok, not really. Anyway, business owners dislike bookkeeping for a number of reasons, but the magazine found that the big ones are:
- Bookkeeping isn't easy. It's tough to learn new accounting software and then keep up-to-date with it. Accounting applications change constantly, as do financial regulations.
- It's not much fun. Bookkeeping involves number crunching and dealing with boring things like dollars coming in – well, probably dollars going out is less pleasurable – and handling receipts. Booorrring.
- It takes up a lot of time, and time is usually more valuable to business owners than…wait for it…money!
You went into business for yourself because you wanted freedom, control over your life and finances, and you're great at your chosen niche. But you likely didn't go into business because you enjoy updating spreadsheets, learning the ins and outs of accounting software, logging receipts, or reconciling bank statements. If you don't like bookkeeping, why are you dealing with it? Shouldn't a Xero accountant or bookkeeper handle those tasks?
Well, you probably feel that you need to be as "hands on" as possible where the dollars and cents surrounding your business are concerned. That's understandable. You're concerned about being out of the loop of your company's finances. We get that. However, today's accounting applications – like the Xero accounting software that we at Statera Services specialize in – are not only robust and designed to handle every aspect of your operation's finances, they are built to give you up-to-the-minute insight into your financial status. With applications like Xero, you can grant only the access necessary to your bookkeeper and accountant to complete specific accounting tasks. Likewise, you can limit other staff members in your company so that they're able to view reports without editing or updating any information. Access is completely controlled by you, the business owner. Not only can you grant or limit access to the software, you can see who has logged in, at what time, and how often. "Old school" desktop-based accounting software doesn't offer this kind of security.
Beyond security issues, however, why deal with such a major component of your business operation that you simply lack expertise in? You're an expert at, well, the services and products that you provide. Stick with that. That's what will give you great success, and what you enjoy doing.
*Sorry, we don't publish a "How to Party Like a Xero Accountant" pamphlet. However, since you don't like bookkeeping, let Statera Services handle it for you! We…um…kind of, well, like it. Yes, we're weird like that. Contact Statera Services today.


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A Childhood Fairytale: House
(AU; Matt and Mello have parents that are NOT dead)
"Ooh, I wanna be the dad!" Mello said excitedly, taking out a suit from the chest.
"But Mello!" his companion, Matt, complained. "You're always the dad! Besides..." The rest of the sentence was murmured too low for Mello to hear.
Mello's eyes narrowed sharply, and for an eight-year-old, Matt found his image very scary. "What did you say, Matty?"
"I said, 'You look more like a girl than me,' " Matt repeated in a fast-but otherwise coherent- mumble.
Mello raised an eyebrow defiantly, looking down at Matt. "Oh, really? Is that why I should be the mom?"
Matt sighed in defeat, picking up a red fedora hat and placing it on his hand. "Fine, you can be the dad," he said unhappily.
"Great!" Mello chirped, slipping on the tan jacket and sloppily adjusting the tie. "You'll pretend to be washing dishes, and I'll come home from work, 'kay?" Without waiting for an answer, the blond skipped to the door and exited his bedroom.
Seven-year-old Matt sighed again, steadying his hat and wrapping a bright yellow feather boa around his neck. Then he stepped into high heels, which made him nearly as tall as Mello.
"Honey, I'm hooooome~!" Mello called out cheerfully, entering the room. He beamed at Matt, who was crossly 'washing the dishes.' Mello walked towards him in a 'manly' way, with his chest puffed out and head held high. He approached Matt and spun him around. "You look beautiful today, Matty."
Subconsciously, Matt's heart sped up at the compliment and his eyelids fluttered. He had to convince himself that Mello was just pretending. "Y-you too...?" he stammered, trying to back away from Mello's close face.
Mello giggled(he really should have been the wife, Matt thought) and said, "Thank you." Without thinking, he leaned forward and pecked Matt on the lips.
This left the redhead pink-faced, mouth gaping and eyes wide as Mello turned to the teddy bear laying on the bed. "Hi, Teddy," he cooed, picking up the teddy bear and cradling it back and forth in his arms. "Did you miss daddy?" He nuzzled the bear's nose.
Matt was still in shock, a hand touching his lips in disbelief. Had Mello just kissed him? And on the lips, too! "M-Mello, why'd you do that?" he asked hoarsely.
Mello turned to him, lower lip jutting out in a confused way. "What?" he said, momentarily breaking out of character. "That's what married couples do, don't they?" He stepped up to Matt, kissing him on the lips again. When he pulled away, Mello said, "What's wrong?"
"Boys aren't supposed to kiss other boys," Matt said quietly, head cast down.
"I don't get it," Mello said, still puzzled. "If I love Matty very much, then I should be allowed to express it." He hugged Matt, kissing the top of his head. "See? I love Matty." He peppered Matt's cheek with kisses, smiling childishly all the while. "Doesn't Matt love me, too?"
Matt bit his inner cheek, face as red as his hair. He struggled for a while in Mello's bear hug, then just went limp. "I suppose."
This caused Mello to go silent. He tilted Matt's chin upwards to look at him in the eyes. "What do you mean-?" His eyes widened. "Are you cheating on me?" he said accusingly, stepping back.
"W-what?" Matt's eyes went wide also.
"I knew it!" Mello was crying now, tears streaming down his pale cheek. He sniffed, looking at Matt. "Are we breaking up?" he asked in a hollow tone.
"Breaking up?" Matt echoed. "No, we're not!" He attempted to hug Mello, but Mello ducked away from his arms.
"We're getting a divorce?" Mello screeched, falling backwards.
At this time, Matt thanked whoever was up there that Mello's parents weren't home. "I don't wanna break up with you, Melly. I love you." He knelt down beside Mello, finally able to wrap his arms around him. "Can we stop fighting now? Teddy is crying." Matt motioned towards the teddy bear, which had tipped forward in all the commotion.
"Aw, come 'ere, Teddy," Mello said, stretching out his arms and wiggling his fingers.
Matt took Teddy, making the bear crawl to Mello's open arms. "Matt, come here," he ordered. "You're the mommy. You have to make Teddy stop crying."
"I'll make him milk!" Matt said brightly, grabbing an imaginary bottle and pouring in imaginary milk. He screwed on the invisible top and 'fed' Teddy as Mello rocked him back and forth.
"Y'know, Matt," Mello said dreamily as Teddy 'stopped crying.' "We're pretty awesome parents. I can't wait until we grow up-"
"-so we can have our own real baby," Matt finished, nodding. "I can't wait either, Mel."
The two(well, technically three) sat together in comfortable silence, until-
"Matt, Teddy went to the bathroom," Mello whispered.
Matt furrowed his eyebrows. "Silly, he's right here." He pointed to the teddy bear in Mello's hands.
"I know."
Another pause. "...Oh."
"Go clean him up," Mello said, handing him the bear.
"What! Why me?"
"Because you're the mommy, duh."
"Ugh, fine." Matt stood, taking Teddy to the bathroom with him. He turned the faucet on, dousing the bear with water. "But next time I get to be the daddy."
They're too adorable. 3


text:
Quasi-deterministic millimeter-wave channel models in MiWEBA
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1186/s13638-016-0568-6
- Cite this article as:
- Weiler, R.J., Peter, M., Keusgen, W. et al. J Wireless Com Network (2016) 2016: 84. doi:10.1186/s13638-016-0568-6
- Citations
- 1.1k Downloads
This article introduces a quasi-deterministic channel model and a link level-focused channel model, developed with a focus on millimeter-wave outdoor access channels. Channel measurements in an open square scenario at 60 GHz are introduced as a basis for the development of the model and its parameterization. The modeling approaches are explained, and their specific area of application is investigated.
KeywordsMillimeter-wave Channel model Access Backhaul
1 Introduction
The increasing mobile traffic demand has led to the proposition of numerous approaches for the future development of mobile radio networks. One popular proposition for the next generation (so-called 5G) is the usage of previously unused spectrum in the millimeter-wave band [1]. Using the spectrum at these high frequencies incurs new challenges, compared to radio systems that operate at frequencies below 6 GHz. The possible applications are in backhaul and fronthaul links on the network side [2] or on the access link. Recent research proves the general feasibility of outdoor access links in the lower millimeter-wave band (30–40 GHz) based on path loss evaluations [3]. At the same time, a high spatial selectivity of the channel is observed in this publication.
The higher free-space path loss motivates a design shift from an omni-directional operation to more spatial focusing, using high-gain beam-forming antennas and multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) approaches. It will also incur a change in system design, towards a more dense deployment of so-called overlay small cell base stations, which will exist in addition to today's macro-cell deployments. These base stations can then provide very high throughput millimeter-wave access links to the user terminals. The small cells themselves will also need backhauling to the core network. This in turn might also be deployed using the millimeter-wave bands for interference and bandwidth considerations. For the successful design and development of such systems, a comprehensive channel model that covers the relevant propagation effects is an essential basis.
The millimeter-wave band has already been used for fixed outdoor applications with success in the recent years [4]. The main concerns for this kind of applications are the impact of weather conditions (rain, snow, fog) and the availability of an unblocked line-of-sight (LOS) on the link quality. As the links are mostly static, simple path loss models are sufficient for these applications.
A large number of channel models have been proposed and used for sub-6 GHz wireless communication and different kinds of applications and use cases. A well-known model for mobile radio networks is, e.g., the WINNER II channel model [5]. It relies on a geometry-based stochastic approach and was designed for frequencies from 2 to 6 GHz with up to 100 MHz bandwidth. Its parameters are determined stochastically, based on statistical distributions extracted from channel measurement data. The model was developed for a wide range of propagation scenarios ranging from indoor office, urban micro-cell to urban and rural macro-cell. Different scenarios are modeled by the same approach but with different parameters. When going to higher carrier frequencies in the millimeter-wave band and wider bandwidths, the WINNER II and similar geometry-based stochastic models might not be valid any more.
Recently, the widely used IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area communication has been extended to the 60-GHz band with the 802.11ad protocol. This standard targets indoor communication. A new channel model was developed for this standard, based on the observation that the wireless channel can be well described with a set of distinct geometry-based propagation paths [6]. Spatial resolved measurements were performed in static indoor environments, showing that ray-tracing-like propagation paths with up to two reflections dominate the received power [7].
Here, we present the quasi-deterministic (Q-D) channel model and the link level-focused Canal Enregistré de Propagation Déterministe (CEPD) model, which have been developed and used within the Millimeter-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access (MiWEBA) project. The Q-D model combines a geometry-based approach for a limited number of multipath components and a stochastic approach. In this paper, we show how this channel modeling approach may be applied for specific access use cases (outdoor open square and large indoor area) and further how it can be modified for other environments. This modeling approach was chosen in order to accurately support spatial consistency that would not be possible with a statistical model. New experimental data for an open square scenario measurement are used to improve the modeling methodology described previously in [8, 9]. An extension is given in a form of the CEPD model that can be used to abstract the generic Q-D model to system level requirements, such as limited bandwidth and impact of antennas.
The development of the channel model was driven by a set of reference use cases and scenarios, defined in the MiWEBA project, whose focus is the investigation of new 5G architectures with millimeter-wave technology [10, 11]. These use cases are similar to other 5G-related investigations, with a focus on millimeter-wave frequencies and their limitations. Apart from indoor and backhaul scenarios, emphasis is on outdoor mobile access links of small cell base stations with a typical cell radius of several hundred meters. The work presented in this paper focuses on this kind of links.
Section 2 details the performed outdoor access channel measurements to give an understanding of environment and the observed radio propagation effect. Section 3 then introduces the Q-D modeling approach. The measurement-based parameterization of the model is given in Section 4. Section 5 explains the link layer focus channel model and links it to the Q-D model.
2 Open square scenario experimental measurements
The center frequency of the measurement campaign was 60 GHz with a sounding bandwidth of 250 MHz. The antennas used on both sides are commercially available vertical polarized omni-directional antennas with a gain of 2 dBi. Their radiation pattern is flat in the entire azimuth as well as for elevation angles from −30° to 30°. This allows acquiring omni-directional power delay profiles without any mechanical steering. The influence on the antenna pattern in elevation is expected to be minimal, as there are no major sources of reflection outside the 60° half-power opening angle.
The receiver cart is either static or moving at a constant speed of 0.5 m/s, each with a temporal snapshot separation of 800 μs. Due to properties of the measurement system, the maximum number of snapshots per acquisition is ca. 60.000. Tracks requiring longer acquisition are measured in multiple adjacent runs.
Due to the measurement bandwidth and the geometry of LOS and ground-reflected propagation, fading can occur on the measured path power [12]. Averaging allows reducing this effect and simplifies measurements, but for the data analysis in the present paper, no averaging is applied, as the focus lies on the multipath properties of the channel detailed investigation.
The analysis of other channel parameters from these and similar urban access measurements, such as path loss and delay spread, was presented in earlier work [13, 14].
3 Quasi-deterministic channel model
The experimental measurement results in Section 2, represented in the form of time-delay diagrams (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7), illustrate the fact that the channel for static and moving Tx-Rx positions is not completely random, but has some Q-D components, that are represented in the time-delay diagrams by steady, clearly visible lines and traces. Moreover, the strongest traces can be identified as LOS path and reflections from the nearest buildings. The same diagram, plotted by using the ray-tracing reconstruction of the environment, will be very similar to the one seen in the experiments, with difference only in noise-like background and weak short traces that can be caused by small objects. These observations lead to the conclusion that realistic millimeter-wave channel models can consist of deterministic components, defined by the scenario and random components, representing unpredictable factors or objects that are random or insignificant.
Such an approach, called Q-D, was offered for modeling access and backhaul millimeter-wave channels at 60 GHz [9, 15]. The approach builds on the representation of the millimeter-wave channel impulse response comprised of a few Q-D strong rays (D-rays), a number of relatively weak random rays (R-rays, originating from the static surfaces reflections), and flashing rays (F-rays, originating from moving cars, buses, and other dynamic objects reflections).
The key benefit of this approach compared to pure statistical models is its inherent support for spatial consistency. The deterministic part of the channel impulse response accurately takes the position of the transmitter and receiver into account. Simulating a moving user, for example, the band-limited channel impulse response can accurately reproduce fading effects, observed in real measurements [16]. This is not possible with a purely statistical model.
The first type of rays makes the major contribution into the signal power, is present all the time, and usually can be clearly identified as a reflection from scenario-important macro objects. It is logical to include them into the channel model as deterministic (D-rays), explicitly calculated values. The element of randomness, important for the statistical channel modeling, may be introduced on the intra-cluster level, by adding a random exponentially decaying cluster to the main D-ray.
The second type of rays (R-rays) is the reflections from the random objects or the objects that is not mandatory in the scenario environment. Such type of rays may be included in the model in a classical statistical way, as rays with parameters (power and delays) selected randomly in accordance with the pre-defined distributions.
The third type of rays (F-rays) may be introduced to the model in the same way as R-rays but with some additional statistic for appearing chance and duration.
For each of the channel propagation scenarios, the strongest propagation paths are determined and associated to rays which produce the substantial part of the received useful signal power. Then, the signal propagation over these paths is calculated based on the geometry of the deployment and the locations of the transmitter and receiver, calculating the ray parameters, such as AoA and AoD, power, and polarization characteristics. The signal power conveyed over each of the rays is calculated in accordance to theoretical formulas taking into account free-space losses, reflections, antenna polarization, and receiver mobility effects like Doppler shift. Some of the parameters in these calculations may be considered as random values like reflection coefficients or as random processes like receiver motion. The number of D-rays, which are taken into account, is scenario dependent and is chosen to be in line with the channel measurement results. Additionally to the D-rays, a lot of other reflected waves are received from different directions, coming, for example, from cars, trees, lamp posts, benches, and houses (for outdoor scenarios) or from room furniture and other objects (for indoor scenarios). These rays are modeled as R-rays. These rays are defined as random clusters with specified statistical parameters extracted from available experimental data or ray-tracing modeling.
For a given environmental scenario, the process of the definition of D-rays and R-rays and their parameters is based both on experimental measurements and ray-tracing reconstruction of the environment. The results presented in Section 2 on experimental measurement may serve as a great example of the process. The experimental measurement processing includes peak detection algorithm [15] with further accumulation of the peak statistics over time, identifying the percentage of the selected ray activity during observation period. The rays with activity percentage above 80–90 % are the D-rays: strong and always present, if not blocked. The blockage percentage for D-rays may be estimated around 2–4 %. The rays with activity percentage about 40–70 % are the R-rays: the reflections from far-away static objects, weaker, and more susceptible to blockage due to longer travel distance. And finally, the rays with activity percentage below 30 % are the F-rays: the flashing reflection from random moving objects. Such rays are not "blocked"; they actually "appear" only for a short time.
Scenarios with obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) between the transmitter and receiver antennas, caused by moving or fixed objects (e.g., cars, pedestrians, trees), can be integrated in the model with a stochastic process. Scenarios where the LOS is completely blocked by large objects (e.g., buildings) are often referred to as non-line-of-sight (NLOS). These might also be taken into account by the model, by blocking the LOS and ground reflection D-ray permanently and by carefully defining the other D-rays. Measurements have to be performed to derive meaningful parameters for this case. The measurement campaign described in Section 2 focused on LOS and OLOS scenarios and does not provide information on this. Other measurements performed by the authors however show that a millimeter-wave signal can be received in an urban street canyon NLOS scenario, but received signal strength quickly drops with the distance [14].
4 Q-D channel model development
4.1 D-ray modeling
Direct ray parameters
Direct ray delay is calculated from the model geometry:
τD = dD/c
\( {d}_D=\sqrt{L^2+{\left({H}_{tx}-{H}_{rx}\right)}^2} \)
Direct ray power calculated as free-space path loss with oxygen absorption:
\( {P}_D=20{ \log}_{10}\left(\frac{\lambda }{4\pi {d}_D}\right)-{A}_0{d}_D \), in dB
Channel matrix
\( \mathbf{H}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\hfill {10}^{P_D/20}\hfill & \hfill 0\hfill \\ {}\hfill 0\hfill & \hfill {10}^{P_D/20}\hfill \end{array}\right]{e}^{\frac{j2\pi {d}_D}{\lambda }} \)
0° azimuth and elevation
0° azimuth and elevation
Ground-reflected ray parameters
Ground-reflected ray delay is calculated from the model geometry:
τG = dG/c
\( {d}_G=\sqrt{L^2+{\left({H}_{tx}+{H}_{rx}\right)}^2} \)
Ground-reflected power calculated as free-space path loss with oxygen absorption, with additional reflection loss calculated on the base of the Fresnel equations. Reflection loss R is different for vertical and horizontal polarizations
\( {P}_{\perp }=20{ \log}_{10}\left(\frac{\lambda }{4\pi {d}_G}\right)-{A}_0{d}_G+{R}_{\perp }+F; \)
\( {P}_{\parallel }=20{ \log}_{10}\left(\frac{\lambda }{4\pi {d}_G}\right)-{A}_0{d}_G+{R}_{\parallel }+F \)
\( F=\raisebox{1ex}{$80$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$ \ln 10$}\right.{\left(\pi {\sigma}_h \sin \phi /\lambda \right)}^2 \)
\( {R}_{\perp }=20{ \log}_{10}\left(\frac{ \sin \phi -\sqrt{B_{\perp }}}{ \sin \phi +\sqrt{B_{\perp }}}\right);\ {R}_{\parallel }=20{ \log}_{10}\left(\frac{ \sin \phi -\sqrt{B_{\parallel }}}{ \sin \phi +\sqrt{B_{\parallel }}}\right) \)
B∥ = εr − cos2ϕ for horizontal polarization.
\( {B}_{\perp }=\left({\varepsilon}_r-{ \cos}^2\phi \right)/{\varepsilon}_r^2 \) for vertical polarization,
where \( \tan \phi =\frac{H_{tx}+{H}_{rx}}{L} \) and σh is a surface roughness.
Channel matrix
\( \mathbf{H}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\hfill {10}^{P_{\perp }/20}\hfill & \hfill \xi \hfill \\ {}\hfill \xi \hfill & \hfill {10}^{P_{\parallel }/20}\hfill \end{array}\right]{e}^{\frac{j2\pi {d}_G}{\lambda }} \)
Azimuth: 0°, elevation: \( {\theta}_{AoD}={ \tan}^{-1}\left(\frac{L}{H_{tx}-{H}_{rx}}\right)-{ \tan}^{-1}\left(\frac{L}{H_{tx}+{H}_{rx}}\right) \)
Azimuth: 0°, elevation: \( {\theta}_{AoA}={ \tan}^{-1}\left(\frac{H_{tx}+{H}_{rx}}{L}\right)-{ \tan}^{-1}\left(\frac{H_{tx}-{H}_{rx}}{L}\right) \)
Open square model R-ray parameters
Number of rays, N
Poisson arrival rate, λ
0.05 ns−1
Power decay constant, γ
15 ns
6 dB
Elevation: U[−20:20°]
Azimuth: U[−180:180°]
Elevation: U[−20:20°]
Azimuth: U[−180:180°]
The feasibility of the proposed approach to the prediction of the signal power is proven in [18] for outdoor micro-cell environments and in [19] and [20] for inter-vehicle communication modeling. In general, problems of the signal power prediction are considered in [21].
The D-rays are strictly scenario dependent, but in all considered scenarios, two basic D-rays are present: the direct LOS ray and the ground-reflected ray. The calculation of those two basic rays' parameters will be the same for all scenarios.
4.1.1 Direct ray
The direct LOS ray is a ray between Tx and Rx.
4.1.2 Ground ray
The ground-reflected ray presents in all considered scenarios. Its parameters are calculated based on the Friis free-space path loss equation and the Fresnel equation to take into account reflection and rough surface scattering factor F. Note that the horizontally and vertically polarized components of the transmitted signal will be differently reflected and, thus, the channel matrix should have different diagonal elements.
4.1.3 Additional rays
For the open area scenario, with no significant reflection objects other than ground, only two D-rays are considered. However, in more rich scenarios, like the one considered here as the large square, or, for example, street canyon scenario, reflection from one or more walls should be taken into account. The principle of calculation of these additional D-rays is the same; detailed description may be found in [15]. The closest wall can be calculated using the geometry and positions of the transmitter and receiver. The calculation of the path properties is equal to the ground ray reflection in the previous section with adapted material parameters.
4.2 R-ray modeling
For taking into account a number of rays that cannot be easily described deterministically (reflections from objects that are not fully specified in the scenario, objects with random or unknown placement, objects with complex geometry, higher-order reflections, etc.), the statistical approach is used in the Q-D channel modeling methodology. The clusters arrive at moments τk according to the Poisson process and have inter-arrival times that are exponentially distributed. The cluster amplitudes A(τk) are independent Rayleigh random variables, and the corresponding phase angles θk are independent uniform random variables over [0,2π].
Table 3 summarizes the R-ray parameters for the open area/large square models. The power delay profile parameters are derived based on the available experimental data and corresponding ray-tracing simulations. The AoA and AoD ranges illustrate the fact that random reflectors can be found anywhere around the receiver but are limited in height. Uniform distributions are selected for simplicity and can be further enhanced on the base of more extensive measurements.
The values with sign ± are assumed to have a random sign (+1 or −1, for instance), with equal probability, independently from other values. For the cluster rays with the main R-ray, the polarization matrix is the same as the R-ray.
Flashing rays, or F-rays introduced in Section 3, are intended to describe the reflections from fast moving objects like vehicles and are short in duration. Its properties require additional investigations and analyses; thus, the F-rays are not included in the considered Q-D modeling approach application example.
4.3 Intra-cluster structure modeling
The surface roughness and presence of the various irregular objects on the considered reflecting surfaces and inside them (bricks, windows, borders, manholes, advertisement boards on the walls, etc.) lead to separation the specular reflection ray to a number of additional rays with close delays and angles: a cluster. The intra-cluster parameters of the channel model were extracted from the indoor models [6, 7], obtained from the measurement data [23]. The intra-cluster structure is introduced in the Q-D model in the same way as R-rays: as Poisson-distributed in time, exponentially decaying Rayleigh components, dependent on the main ray.
The identification of rays inside of the cluster in the angular domain requires very high angular resolution. The "virtual antenna array" technique where a low directional antenna element is used to perform measurements in multiple positions along the virtual antenna array to form an effective antenna aperture was in the MEDIAN project [24, 25]. These results were processed in [26], deriving the recommendation to model the intra-cluster angle spread for azimuth and elevation angles for both the transmitter and receiver as independent normally distributed random variables with zero mean and root mean square (RMS) equal to 5°, N(0, 5°).
Open square model intra-cluster parameters
Intra-cluster ray K-factor
6 dB for LOS ray, 4 dB for NLOS
Power decay time
4.5 ns
Arrival rate
0.31 ns−1
Amplitude distribution
Number of post-cursor rays
5 Link level-focused channel model
The link level-focused propagation channel model presented in this section is a multipath propagation model dedicated to link level simulations. The Q-D model as well as experimental multipath channel impulse response files may be used as inputs of the model for link level assessments generating appropriate channel impulse responses (CIRs) fit with the simulated physical (PHY) layer and the considered propagation scenario. The link level-focused propagation channel model, also denoted CEPD model, is a multipath propagation model which conjunctly exploits multi-rate digital filter processing [27] and experimental multipath measurements to generate propagation CIRs h(t, τ) with scalable limited bandwidth and clocking rates. When simulating propagation, resampling is required in accordance with the simulated PHY layer. The model generates link level propagation CIRs using multi-rate filter processing to resample and filter the measured propagation channel, adapted to the PHY waveform of the system and simulated use cases [28]. Antenna alignment mismatch test cases allow quantized link level degradation assessments, when the antennas are not aligned. Analytical models are derived from an extension of the multi-slope model [29], describing antenna alignment mismatching effect on multipath channel, using dedicated measurements and CEPD realizations.
The link level-focused propagation model is fed with dedicated CIR measurements carried out in larger bandwidths than the system bandwidth, involving filtering and lower sampling rate processing to generate the adequate CIR model. This model can be adapted to outdoor millimeter-wave overlay networks as well as to indoor deployments. Input files of the model issued from measurements provide the appropriate coefficients of the model attached to the simulated scenario. The candidate input files of the CEPD model result from a statistical analysis of a large amount of deterministic measurements, performed in each considered scenario. These scenarios are split into typical and atypical test cases including different levels of multipath dispersion. A typical test case in a deployment scenario results from CIR input files describing the average and median multipath dispersion of multipath selectivity parameters as the delay spread, the coherence bandwidth, the delay window set to 75 %, and the interval delay set to 6 dB, while atypical cases are representative of severe situations corresponding to 90 % of cumulative distribution function (CDF) of those selectivity parameters.
Assuming the first-order statistics of selectivity parameters follow a Gaussian distribution, the typical and atypical input files of the model are deduced from the CDFs of first-order statistic values of those parameters evaluated on N moving experimental points composed each of M static experimental measurement along a transmitter-receiver path. The CDFs of each selectivity parameter average are established for all measurement points and positions. The selected measurement point is selected if the average value of the concerned selectivity parameter is in the range of interval I given by the Gaussian distribution.
In eq. (9), mi,j is the average value of the selectivity parameter j (RMS delay spread, coherence bandwidth, etc.) of the measurement point i among N. Xj and sj are the average and standard deviation, respectively, of the average selectivity parameter j evaluated on N points. The selected measurement point, i.e., the CIRs input file of the model, has the first order of selectivity parameter j, mi,j, ranged in the Ij interval. The procedure is iterated for all selectivity parameters indexed by integer j in (9), leading to a selection of a restricted number of measurement points.
This section focuses on indoor multi-cluster modeling using indoor measurements carried out in a house (residential), with a single floor with a maximum transmitter (Tx) to receiver (Rx) distance of 12 m, and in an office environment composed of several furnished desk rooms along a corridor of 20 m.
The channel sounding technique is based on a frequency sweep mode with a total bandwidth set to 1024 MHz using a VNA "AB millimètre 8-350" [30]. The VNA equipment presents a dynamic range of 40 dB, and the channel is sampled at a rate of 0.1 Hz. The channel transfer functions (CTFs) of the propagation channel have been measured in a frequency sweep mode with a total frequency bandwidth of 1024 MHz and a frequency sweeping step fixed to 4 MHz, leading to an excess relative delay τmax of 250 ns. For each Tx-Rx configuration, the measured CTF was calibrated using a reference measurement in which the Tx and Rx ports of the sounder were directly cable connected. The corresponding CIRs have been obtained using an inverse Fourier transform combined with a Hanning window in order to reduce the level of secondary lobes in the relative delay domain due to the limited analyzed bandwidth.
CEPD indoor deployment scenario
Antenna gain (dBi), Tx-Rx
Deployment scenario
Antenna alignment
Residential typical home with multiple rooms. The size is comparable to the small office room.
No antenna alignment
Antenna mismatch alignment
Office antenna alignment
Office with typical office setup furnished with multiple chairs, desks, computers, and workstations
No antenna alignment
CEPD, selectivity parameters
σDS (ns)
Bc−0.5 (MHz)
CEPD antenna alignment model coefficients
П1 (dB)
П2 (dB)
γ2 (dB/ns)
λ2 (1/ns)
γ1 (dB/ns)
d (Tx-Rx)
These analytical models derived from the CEPD realizations are an extension of the multi-slope model used to quantify antenna alignment mismatch. These models and associated CEPD realizations may be used to evaluate involved degradations on link level performance and highlight benefits of fast-tracking beam-forming in time variant environments [31].
6 Conclusions
A Q-D channel model and a link level-focused model were introduced. The two models follow different approaches. While the Q-D model gives a full understanding of the spatial channel, it also requires a precise description of the scenario. This spatial resolution, as well as the spatial consistency of the model for moving users, is of key importance for link level design. With the expected shift towards steerable antennas with medium or high gain, the antenna pattern has a much higher influence on the effective channel between the transmitter and receiver. Aspects like initial discovery of millimeter-wave base stations and beacon design also heavily depend on the spatial information.
The flexibility of this Q-D approach allows channel models for access links to be used for scenarios with similar geometries. For example, the "street canyon access mode" can be changed to the "street-level backhaul model" by changing the receiver antenna parameters. These models were validated with different measurements in outdoor scenarios. The Q-D open area channel model was successfully applied to millimeter-wave multi-user MIMO (MU MIMO) small cell access link scenario evaluations [32, 33, 34]. Future work remains on some aspects of the model, like the modeling of the flashing rays (F-rays) and NLOS scenarios, where further measurement campaigns are necessary.
The CEPD model results from an optimized multi-rate filtering combined with a statistical analysis of measurements. It allows an extraction of typical (average behavior of the multipath channel related to a measurement campaign) and atypical (severe cases representative of measurement campaign) measurements that are used as inputs of the model to generate model coefficients associated to the targeted scenario. The model is dedicated to link level simulations with multiple underlying technologies and bandwidths. Scenarios covered in the paper consider antenna alignment mismatch where CEPD realizations have been exploited to generate analytical multi-cluster models derived from the multi-slope concept. The CEPD model can also use the Q-D model as an input to the interface with link level simulations. When the link level is not the focus of research, this is a convenient method of abstraction in order to reduce the complexity for larger scale simulations, for example, with multiple users and multiple base stations.
The results presented are from the European part of MiWEBA which is a STREP-funded project by the European Union under grant agreement no. 608637 as part of FP7 ICT-2013-EU-Japan [11]. This work was funded with the support from the EU FP7 program, and the results are also publicly available on the project website http://www.miweba.eu.
Furthermore, the authors would like to acknowledge the support of their colleagues, MiWEBA project partners, and the COST IC1004 for their support and fruitful discussions.
Funding information
|Funder Name
|Grant Number
|Funding Note
|Seventh Framework Programme (BE)
Copyright information
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.


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The De Leon Free Press
DeLeon, Comanche County, Texas, September 9, 1932
Community Club Meets Friday 16th Following Recess
De Leon Community Club will hold the first meeting of the Fall at Travelers Hotel Friday evening, September 16th at 7:30 o'clock. The Club recessed during the summer months, not having met since June. Any Club member having a project to suggest upon which the Club might profitably work is invited to present same at the meeting. Any person in the community having a suggestion for community betterment which the Club might sponsor is invited to present same for the Club's consideration.
The membership roll of the Club during the past Spring was as follows: E.H. BOULTER, President; J.D. TATE, Vice-President; R.L. SCOTT, Secretary; F.T. DANIELL, L.D. STEWART, C.C. GULLEY, W.Z. COMPTON, W.H. SMITH, Joe ASHBY, W.E. HOWELL, D.L. TERRILL, A.H. BIBBY, Autrey CARAWAY, Alf SLOAN, W.E. LOWE, J.T. EDMONDSON, Dr. A.M. ALLEN, J.S. FREEMAN, Clifford ALLEN, C.C. MALONE, E.H. ROGERS, C.V. SINGLETON, C.A. KIKER, T.H. WILLIAMS, R.C. WORTHY, W. EGBERT, George HAMMETT, Lee HOLDRIDGE, H. HAMPTON, Gasten GRISHAM, C.L. KINCHEN, Dr. J.T. PLEMMONS, C.W. LEIGON, John WEAVER, B.J. PITTMAN, Aubrey SPENCER, A.C. SCHUMAN, Bonner NABORS, J.W. SHOOK, Z.O. MEHAFFEY, E.L. LOCKE, J.A. BARTON and T.E. MAJOR.
Any citizen in De Leon or surrounding communities is invited to become a member of the Club, which meets every third Friday night. The monthly dues are only $1.00.
Two Boy Preachers to Preach Sunday at Baptist Church
Rev. David M. PHILLIPS, who with his family went to Paris this week to visit ten days, asked the Free Press to announce that on the coming Sunday two Baptist boy preachers who have recently been licensed to preach by the local church, will occupy the pulpit.
At the eleven o'clock hour Rev. Huron POLNAC will be the speaker. At the evening hour Rev. Floyd FLEMING will preach. Members and friends invited to hear these speakers, both of whom are De Leon-reared boys and from whom their friends expect much in future years.
School Began Last Monday at Trinity
Trinity school term began Monday, September 5th under the direction of Prof. George MATTHIS, principal, and Miss Ophelia RANDOLPH, assistant. Grades up to and including the 9th are taught at Trinity, and some special courses are also offered.
Downing School Began New Years Work Monday 5th
Monday, September 5th, the school at Downing began the fall term. There are 76 scholastics and three teachers. Prof. R.C. BOSWELL began his second year as principal. Miss Faith ELLIOTT is intermediate teacher and Mrs. George ELLIS teaches primary. Grades through the tenth are taught. Trustees and patrons were present for the opening exercises Monday and a talk was made by Chas. SMITH, a trustee.
Beauty Shop is Changing Location the Coming Week
Mrs. H.G. GILLOCK, proprietor for the past four years of Vanity Fair Beauty Shop, located on the mezzanine floor at Higginbotham's has arranged to move her shop the coming week to new quarters in the Ayers Building on the east side of Texas street. She will be next door from V.V. BELL's Barber Shop, having her own private entrance and entirely separate from the Barber Shop. The place is being made ready this week. Interior decorators are finishing the walls in pastel shades, hot and cold water will be available. The new Vanity Fair promises to have all the essentials of a desirable beauty parlor – privacy, neatness and good equipment. Mrs. GILLOCK invites her customers to call.
De Leon Schools Opened With 591 Students Monday
De Leon schools opened in all departments last Monday, September 5th. The total enrollment is 591 which is the largest enrollment of any school in Comanche count. There were 198 enrolled in the high school. North Ward enrolled a total of 202, and the South Ward has a total of 191.
The Freshman class rolls up to a total enrollment of approximately 70 members. The senior class this year numbers 42. The enrollment in the special departments was heavy, these including Vocational Agriculture, Home Economics, and the Commercial School.
Prof. DAVIS, late of Ballinger, is the new High School Principal and head of the Commercial Department. Mr. DAVIS spent four years in Ballinger in a similar position and comes to the De Leon system highly recommended, succeeding C.C. GULLEY, resigned.
Opening exercises were held Monday morning with a number of school patrons present. Mrs. A.P. SCHMIDT, Miss Launa FRETWELL and Miss Gussie INSALL, teachers of piano and violin, made announcements regarding their classes. Miss INSALL rendered a beautiful violin solo and Mrs. C.V. SINGLETON gave a vocal number, Mrs. SCHMIDT at the piano. Supt. BOULTER made a very appropriate talk to the student body and visitors.
The first two days of the week were taken up with registration and getting the various classes properly scheduled. Organization throughout the system is going on, classes and departments choosing their leaders for the new school year. The first football game of the year will be played early in October.
We wish to thank the many friends of De Leon and vicinity for their continued friendship and kindness to us ever since our husband and father was appointed as pastor of the De Leon Methodist church. The people of our own church have always been appreciative and helpful. The people of other churches and of no church have done what they could to make our stay pleasant and profitable. During these recent days of sadness you have endeared yourselves to us more than ever, and we thank you one and all for every kindness shown. We pray God's richest blessings upon each one of you, and pray that we may all meet one day in Heaven.
Mrs. S.J. RUCKER
Sam J. RUCKER, Jr.
Mrs. W.V. OVERBAUGH
Foster RUCKER
Simms – Butler
Friends of both the contracting parties were very much surprised last Sunday when it became known that Miss Bertie SIMMS and Raymond BUTLER were married. It developed that they had been married since May 11, although probably only one person in De Leon knew about it.
Sunday morning Mrs. SNEAD found a note on the dresser in Miss Bertie's room stating that she was accompanying "her husband" to Eastland. The note continued, giving the facts of the secret May-day wedding. Free Press has learned that they had been married at Walters, Okla., and only Miss Chrystelle NELSON, close friend of the bride, and Woodlie BUTLER, brother of the groom, knew of the wedding.
Mrs. BUTLER was a member of the graduating class at De Leon high school and May 11 was in the week preceding commencement at which time she was awarded her diploma. She was quite popular as a student and also in church and social circles here, having been reared in this city. Mr. BUTLER, son of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar BUTLER, is also a graduate of De Leon high school, finishing several years ago, and is remembered as a "bearcat" of the "Bearcats." But his popularity was not confined to athletics; he was a good student as well. He has been employed for a number of years in the Southwest Texas oil fields. They will make their home here for the present. They have the congratulations and best wishes of many friends.
Prestridge – Strickland
Miss Bonnie STRICKLAND and Rev. Sehoy PRESTRIDGE of Eastland, Texas, were united in marriage at Fort Worth, Texas, Tuesday evening, August 30th.
The bride is the charming and accomplished daughter of Rev. and Mrs. W.A. STRICKLAND of Merrimac, Okla. She is a grand daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J.M. STRICKLAND of De Leon, Texas.
Mrs. PRESTRIDGE has formerly been a teacher of music and expression at Merrimac, where she has made a large circle of friends.
The groom, a rising young minister of Eastland, Texas, is highly respected in his home community.
The happy young couple are making their home at Seminary Hill, Texas. They expect to attend the Seminary in order to better prepare themselves for their life's work. –Contributed.
Echols – Blackwell
The marriage of Miss Lela ECHOLS to Mr. Elzie F. BLACKWELL occurred at the home of Rev. and Mrs. A.F. NABORS on Friday, September 7, 1932. They were accompanied to the home of the minister by Mr. BLACKWELL, a cousin of both parties to the contract, who witnessed the ceremony.
Miss ECHOLS is the young daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harve ECHOLS and was reared at Oliver Springs, where she has many friends. Mr. BLACKWELL is late of Tennessee but the young couple will make their home in Texas, it is said. Best wishes go with them as they start life together.
Miss Ru De Hill and J.M. Toland Married
Announcement of the marriage of Miss Ru De HILL and Mr. J. Murray TOLAND was made last week, the ceremony having been performed Thursday, July 7, at Marietta, Okla., with Rev. J.W. STEWART, pastor of the Methodist church in that city, reading the service.
Mrs. TOLAND was reared in this county and has lived here practically all of her life, except for the few years the family lived at Megargle. She returned to Stephenville about five years ago to attend John Tarleton College and since then has been making her home here with her aunt and uncle, Mr. and Mrs. J.A. McMAHAN, 895 West Tarleton avenue. She is a daughter of Mrs. C.B.S. MICHELL of Friona, formerly Mrs. Elbert HILL of Megargle. Her father died at the family home in Megargle several years ago. She is a graduate of Megargle High School and after attending Tarleton College here for one year, she was employed on the sales force at the B. & M. Variety store here and also as an assistant in the offices of the Stephenville Bakery.
Mr. TOLAND is a son of Mr. and Mrs. T.W. TOLAND of De Leon. He was reared in that city and is a graduate of the high school there. He afterwards attended Texas A. & M. College, and later came to Stephenville as manager of Bibby's Ben Franklin Store, a position he has held for the past two years.
Mr. and Mrs. TOLAND are making their home for the present at the McMAHAN residence on West Tarleton. –Stephenville Tribune
Mrs. J.M. Toland, Recent Bride, Honored with Shower
Mrs. Ed FERGUSON and Mrs. Elmer FERGUSON entertained Monday afternoon at the home of Mrs. Ed FERGUSON, 595 West Green street, with a miscellaneous shower honoring Mrs. J.M. TOLAND, the former Miss Ru De HILL, whose marriage to Mr. TOLAND, prominent business man of this city, was recently announced.
The home was attractively decorated with baskets and vases of summer flowers and a program of music was given by Miss Mary Mae PRICE, Mrs. Joe I. PATTERSON, Miss Eleanor MARTIN and Mrs. Hal SULLENBERGER of Dublin.
Before the bride's arrival the guests were entertained with a group of piano numbers played by Miss PRICE who also played the Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin as Mrs. TOLAND entered the living room. Mrs. PATTERSON sang Laddie and The False Prophet; Mrs. SULLENBERGER sang Maid of the West and Love Came Calling, and Miss MARTIN, violinist, played At Dawning and Memories.
In a drawing contest which followed the musical program, Mrs. TOLAND was declared the winner and was presented with a large basket of gifts which was brought in by little Miss Lila Beth DALE of Wink and Lester FERGUSON, Jr., grandchildren of Mrs. Ed FERGUSON.
Refreshments of ices and individual cakes were served to Mrs. TOLAND, Mrs. Hal SULLENBERGER, Mrs. Alvin YOUNG, Mrs. Joe I. PATTERSON, Mrs. Ed EMMETT, Mrs. Lester FERGUSON, Mrs. George FIDLER, Mrs. Harry FAY, Mrs. Herman BELCHER, Mrs. A.L. GRAVES, Mrs. Ben B. McCOLLUM, Mrs. C.D. OWNBY, Mrs. Monroe WELLS, Mrs. B. O. HAINES.
Mrs. J.A. McMAHAN, Mrs. C.R. DALE, Miss Doris FERGUSON, Mrs. V.H. WALLACE, Mrs. W.J. OXFORD, Mrs. Hays ANDERSON, Mrs. Sid BARHAM, Mrs. Jake LEE, Miss Margaret COLE, Miss Eleanor MARTIN, Miss Maurine FIDLER, Miss Elsie McMAHAN, Miss Modell TATE, Miss Mary Mae PRICE. –Stephenville Tribune
Miss Launa FRETWELL entertained her Sunday School class at her home Wednesday night, August 31st. After playing several games of "42", old favorite games were enjoyed. Refreshments of punch and Angel food cake were served to the following members and their guests: Misses Ada WISDOM, Lois UPSHAW, Claunice GLAZIER, Sam PEAK, Charles CHRISTOPHER, Willis LIGHTFOOT, Cecil FUNDERBURGH, and Hiram LOCK.
Bridge Club
Members and guests of the Bridge Club were delightfully entertained Tuesday afternoon at the home of Mrs. S.G. PARKS. Four games of bridge were enjoyed, with Mrs. W.H. SMITH, winner of high score. A short business meeting was held and Mrs. Everett HANSFORD was elected new reporter. The hostess, assisted by her grand daughters, Misses Elaine and Virginia SCOTT, in serving delicious refreshments of ice cream and cake to the following.
Mesdames Ashby C. ALLEN, Casey; W.H. CLARK, E. Hansford, Dewey DANIEL, E.E. DABNEY, E.L. LOCKE, T.E. MAJOR, W.H. SMITH, Jeff TATE, Dave TERRILL, H.G. TERRILL, J. WEAVER, H. WEAVER, W.P. WEAVER and R.L. SCOTT.
Bridge Party
Mr. and Mrs. S.A. DUKE and Mr. and Mrs. R.N. HILL were joint entertainers to a party of friends at the Country Club last Monday evening. Bridge was the form of entertainment except for a special feature, tap dance by Clark DUKE, with M.D. STEWART at the piano.
Seven tables were arranged for twenty-eight players and the color scheme of purple and white was carried out, the room being decorated with wild flowers. The hostesses served punch throughout the evening and a refreshment plate of brick ice cream and ice box cookies at the end of playing.
Those present: Messrs and Mesdames J.D. TATE, M.D. STEWART, H.G. TERRILL, Joe ASHBY, T.E. MAJOR, W.H. SMITH, Dewey DANIELL, W.P. WEAVER, John WEAVER, E.E. GENTRY, Mesdames S.G. PARKS, E.E. DABNEY, W.H. CLARK, R.L. WHALEY, M.C. SALMON and CUTBIRTH and Miss Bertha ROSS.
Local Happenings
"Joe Wayne" is the name of a tiny baby boy who came into the home of Mr. and Mrs. Lee HOLDRIDGE on September 9th. He starts life with nine pounds weight, both he and his mother doing nicely.
Mrs. J. Doss MILLER was made happy this week by the presence in the home of her four daughters, who came to spend the week with her. Mrs. MILLER is not ill, but she does not visit as much as she once did and is always happy, of course, when the "children" come home. Mrs. J.B. POOL is here from Hico; Mrs. C.L. PITTMAN has been here some months from Yuma, Ari., Mrs. J.E. WILLIAMSON and little daughter, Sarah Jo, San Antonio, and Mrs. S.O. RIDENHOWER and three daughters, Mary Jane, Virginia Lee and Elizabeth. All except Mrs. PITTMAN will return to their homes the last of the present week.
Byron SHORT of Austin is visiting his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Sam SHORT.
Miss Elizabeth WILLIAMS was here from Abilene the last of the week, visiting WEAVER relatives.
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur TURNER, who reside on Rt. 1, are moving to Littlefield this week.
Mrs. Fonzo WHITE of Gorman, sister of Mrs. Herbert WEAVER, was visiting in the home of her sister this week.
Miss Eran TAYLOR of Turpess, Ala., is guest of her aunt, Mrs. S.T. TAYLO"R.
Mr. and Mrs. J.C. SHORT have gone to Plainview to make their future home.
Misses Gladys and Bonnie HUMPHREY of Gustine were week end guests of their sister, Mrs. Dale HOWARD.
Miss El Dora COONER left Thursday for Cisco, where she will attend Randolph College.
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur GRIMES and children have gone to Rochester to spend the fall.
J.C. VAUGHN is in a Fort Worth hospital where he is recovering from a serious operation which was performed last week. His brother-in-law, S.Z. CARNES accompanied him to Fort Worth.
Grandpa H.J. BUTLER left the last of the week for Paint Rock where he will visit the coming month in the home of his daughter.
Mrs. Dorr McFARLAN, of Austin, was here the past week a guest in the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. S.W. SHORT.
Jack WOODS, who has been visiting the past month in Mississippi, returned home this week and has entered school.
Mrs. Katie WEBSTER and children have returned to their home at El Paso after visiting in the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. W.G. KIMBLE.
Taylor DABNEY has returned to Stillwater, Okla., where he will again enter college, this being his second school year at Stillwater.
Billie and Thomas, Misses Elizabeth and Alice WILLIAMS of Abilene were week end guests of their grandmother, Mrs. T.P. WEAVER.
Mrs. M.O. PITTMAN of Anson is visiting in the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. R.R. HARVEY and her husband, M.O. PITTMAN was week end visitor here.
Mrs. Floyd YOUNG and son, Floyd, Jr., and Mrs. Leroy WREN of San Angelo, were guests the past week of their parents, Mr. and Mrs. R.R. HARVEY.
Gene HAWKINS, cousin of W. EGBERT, accompanied by Clarence ADAMS, was here from Rusk for a visit in the EGBERT home early in the week.
Mr. and Mrs. P.A. HALL of Waco, elderly parents of Mrs. Chas. ROSS, are visiting in the home of Mr. and Mrs. ROSS at Comyn.
Miss Olive WHITE, teacher of history in De Leon High School, returned home this week from Boulder, Colo., where she studied the summer months at Boulter University.
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur BRAZELL of Desdemona visited with G.V. BRAZELL and family Sunday.
Hermon, Clarence and Thurman McKINNEY oF Frankell visited with S.O. McKINNEY this week.
Miss Edith McGUIRE has entered school at this place.
O.S. ROBBINS is preparing to move the building purchased two years ago for a sweet potato drying plant. When there was interest in kiln-drying potatoes, the dry weather cut the crop so short that the plant could not be run at a profit and this year, while the crop is good, the price is such that no profit could be realized so that those who purchased shares in the plant have agreed to not try to operate it as a drying plant.
A number of the young ladies of the community met at the home of Miss Novis LINDLEY Monday evening in an informal party. Miss LINDLEY will leave next week for Stephenville where she will enter Tarleton College. Miss LINDLEY has taken a prominent part in the religious and social activities of the community and is a leader among the young people.
A new windmill was purchased for the school and set up this week to take the place of the old one. The old mill has done service for a number of years and was injured by a storm last year in such a way that the trustees thought to install a new mill outright.
Jim JOHNSON has been confined to his bed with a spider bite but has improved some at this time.
Highland – Round Grove by Walter Rippetoe
Emil THIEBAUD visited his uncle, R.L. CLIFTON at Hobbs, New Mexico recently.
Mr. and Mrs. J.W. BLANKENSHIP and Jack THIEBAUD left last Saturday for a visit with Mr. and Mrs. BLANKENSHIP's daughter, Mrs. J.D. CROW of Ropeville and Mrs. Ernest CLIFTON of Lamesa. They expect to be gone eight or ten days.
Rev. A.A. DAVIS of Carbon preached at Round Grove Sunday. A large crowd was present to hear him.
Ernest and Walter RIPPETOE came home Friday from Olden where they are teaching a singing school. They went back Monday for another weeks teaching.
Garland THIEBAUD has been suffering the last week with an abscess toenail.
Oliver Springs
The baby boy of Mr. and Mrs. Buford COGBURN died last Monday and was laid to rest in Oliver Springs cemetery Tuesday. The people of this community sympathize with the family in the loss of their little one.
Mr. and Mrs. Bill KENNEY of Stamford visited in this community last week and attended the COGBURN baby funeral.
Miss Lela ECHOLS and Mr. Elzie BLACKWELL were married last Friday afternoon at the home of Rev. A.F. NABORS near De Leon. Miss ECHOLS was reared in this community and has many friends. She is the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H.S. ECHOLS. Mr. BLACKWELL came from Tennessee and has been visiting here some two months. The happy couple left Sunday for his home for a visit, after which they will return and make their home at Blanket, where he has purchased a nice home. They have many friends who wish for them much happiness and success.
Mrs. Grady ARTHUR and little son, Dale, of Abernathy are visiting her uncle, G.W. REED and family, and other relatives and friends.
Gaynol GREGORY, who has been visiting for some time with Mr. and Mrs. Edd GREGORY, has been real sick of diphtheria.
Mr. and Mrs. Pat JOHNSON and Mrs. R.M. BREEDLOVE and children of Comanche visited their parents, Mr. and Mrs. H.S. ECHOLS Sunday.
Mrs. Jim WEST of Robinson Springs spent several days visiting her mother, Mrs. Arlena SMITH last week.
Mrs. Oscar SCOTT and Miss Maudell DOMINEY of Eastland and Mrs. Marshall DOMINEY and Mrs. Gilbert OVERBY and baby of Leon visited John DOMINEY and family last Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. S.F. CANTWELL and daughter, Miss Verdie and Mr. and Mrs. Jimmie CANTWELL and children and Mr. and Mrs. Raymond CANTWELL, all of Lampasas, attended the COGBURN baby funeral here last Tuesday.
Mrs. Thelbert MORRIS visited her sister, Mrs. Calvin SWAN at Gorman last Friday. Mrs. SWAN underwent an operation at Blackwell Sanitarium and is recovering nicely.
©2004,2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,2009,2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Judith Michaels. This transcription is the generous work of Judy Michaels taken from microfilm held by the Newspaper Collection of the University of Texas at Austin with a microfilm copy at Comanche Public Library. The information may be used for personal research only and not for commercial purposes without specific permission.