text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 16, 1979
|Filing date
|Jan 4, 1977
|Priority date
|Jan 4, 1977
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard M. Kemplin, Richard N. Tverdoch, Larry W. Hennessee
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (49), Classifications (18)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Present pen-changing mechanisms generally employ a device such as a turret for performing pen changing operations. Generally, the turret is rotated to permit the fetching and depositing of the pens. To perform the rotation, a motor, solenoid or other similar rotational device is usually employed. However, inclusion of such rotational devices in a plotter or other apparatus adds undesirable weight, mass and inertia to such apparatus. Also, the pens in the turret often tend to dry out as a result of exposure to air. What is needed and desirable, therefore, is an apparatus that performs pen changing without the need for special pen-changing motors, solenoids, turrets and the like, and that prevents drying of the writing tips of the pens.
Thus, according to the illustrated preferred embodiment of the present invention, an automatic pen-changing apparatus is provided, in an X-Y plotter system, which utilizes the motors that drive the head (i.e., the motors that ordinarily move the head to position coordinates) to also perform pen-changing operations and to uncap and cap the pens before and after use, respectively. This obviates the need for turrets and the like and for pen-changing motors or solenoids for operating the turrets.
The apparatus includes a plot head capable of fetching, holding and depositing a pen, a pen repository having stations for storing, capping and uncapping pens and for detecting the status ("unoccupied" or "occupied" by one or more pens) of the plot head and of the stations, a memory for storing user-supplied pen-identifying data, a processing means for providing position coordinates corresponding to an unoccupied station and to the station identified by the user-supplied data, and a control means for moving the plot head to the position coordinates, the movement to said coordinates causing the plot head to deposit its pen into the unoccupied station and to fetch a pen from the station corresponding to the user-supplied data.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the plotter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing operative elements of the plotter of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an auxiliary view of the plot head and selected stations of the plotter of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an auxiliary view of selected portions of the plot head of FIG. 3.
FIGS. 5A-B are diagrammatic illustrations of patterns of movements of the plot head of FIG. 3 in performing pen-fetching and pen-depositing operations, respectively.
FIGS. 6A-C are diagrammatic illustrations of engagement of the plot head with a station of FIG. 3, in fetching a pen from the station.
FIGS. 7A-C are diagrammatic illustrations of engagement of the plot head with a station of FIG. 3, in depositing a pen into the station.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are logic flow diagrams of a routine stored in the plotter of FIG. 2 for generating position coordinates to which the plot head is moved.
FIG. 1 shows an X-Y plotter system 11 of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the elements of this system in block diagram form. The system 11 includes a read-write memory (RWM) 13, a stable or repository 25 with four stations (slots) 27, 29, 31, 33 located adjacent to the plotting surface for storing pens therein, each station being equipped with sensors for detecting its status (unoccupied or occupied), and a keyboard 35 with four keys 37, 39, 41, 43 for manual entry of data into the system. Data may also be entered automatically from a calculator or similar device interfaced to the system. The entered data identifies a station in the repository 25, permitting the selection or fetching of the pen in that station for use in producing a plot. The pen-storage stations 27, 29, 31, 33 each contain one pen with ink of a desired color; selection of different stations, therefore, permits the plotting of data in selected colors. Also included in system 11 is a processor 17, a read-only-memory (ROM) 19 with a routine stored therein, a pen-detector station 45, a plot head 23 and a controller 21 for controlling the movement of plot head 23. FIG. 3 shows plot head 23 and stations 27 and 29 in greater detail. FIG. 4 shows a hinged, spring-loaded pen-holding portion 47 and ramp portion 49 of plot head 23.
In fetching a pen from a selected station, plot head 23 is first moved from the position it occupies, for example, from an initial position represented by coordinate pairs (X0, Y0), to a position (X1, Y1) in front of the selected station. From position (X1, Y1), the head 23 is then moved to position (X4, Y4) in a U-shaped pattern as shown in FIG. 5A for fetching a pen from the selected station.
To fetch a pen from station 27, (FIG. 3), e.g., plot head 23 is moved into the station from position (X1, Y1) to position (X2, Y2) as shown in FIGS. 5A and 6A, with the ramp portion 49 of plot head 23 engaging lever 55 and depressing the lever. Since lever 55 is connected to a pen cap 65 as shown in FIG. 6A, depression of lever 55 causes the pen cap 65 to be moved down and away from pen 53 which is held stationary in the station by holders 67 and 69. Depression of lever 55 therefore causes pen 53 in station 27 to become uncapped. As shown in FIG. 5A, plot head 23 is then moved laterally from position (X2, Y2) to position (X3, Y3) within the station. As shown in FIG. 6B, this lateral movement causes the spring-loaded pen-holding portion 47 to come into contact with the pen 53 and to contiguously advance around said pen 53, thereby partially encircling and holding the pen 53. After encircling and holding the pen, head 23 is moved from position (X3 , Y3) to position (X4, Y4), withdrawing the the pen from the station. This pen-withdrawal movement causes spring-loaded pen holders 67, 69 to move (in opposition to its own spring tension) from the path of the withdrawn pen as shown in FIG. 6C, thereby causing station 27 to release the pen 53. The movement of head 23 from position (X3, Y3) to position (X4, Y4) also permits ramp 49 to become disengaged from lever 55 thereby causing lever 55 and cap 65 to return to its original position. From position (X4, Y4), head 23 is moved to its original position (X0, Y0).
Often, to change a pen held by plot head 23, it becomes necessary for the head 23 to deposit the pen into an available (unoccupied) station before fetching another pen from a selected station. In depositing a pen into an available station, plot head 23 is moved from a current position (X0, Y0) to a position (X4, Y4) in front of the available station. From position (X4, Y4), head 23 is then moved to position (X1, Y1) in a U-shaped pattern as shown in FIG. 5B (the depositing operation being essentially a reverse of the fetching operation). In moving from position (X4, Y4) to position (X3, Y3) to deposit a pen into the available station, for example to deposit pen 59 into station 29 as shown in FIG. 3, the ramp portion 49 of plot head 23 engages lever 55 and depresses the lever causing pen cap 71, FIG. 7A to be moved down in preparation for deposit (insertion) of pen 59 into the station 29. Deposit of pen 59 into the station is accomplished by movement of the pen 59 past pen holders 73, 75. As the pen 59 travels from position (X4, Y4) to position (X3, Y3) within the station 29, it comes into contact with the holders 73, 75 and is moved contiguously past them; this causes the holders 73, 75, which are spring-loaded, to first recede from the path of the pen 59 then snap back, partially encircling the pen 59 and holding it in place in the station 29. From position (X3, Y3), as shown in FIG. 5B, plot head 23 is then moved laterally to position (X2, Y2). This lateral movement causes the spring-loaded pen-holding portion 47 to move contiguously around and away from pen 59, thereby releasing the pen 59 as shown in FIG. 7B. From position (X2, Y2), the head 23 is then moved to position (X1, Y1), causing ramp 49 to become disengaged from lever 57 and cap 77 to return to its original position, thereby capping the pen 59. After pen 59 has been capped, plot head 23 is then moved from position (X1, Y1) to its initial position (X0, Y0), thereby completing the deposit operation.
Referring now to FIG. 2, data may be entered into read-write memory (RWM) 13 of the system 11 from a data apparatus such as a calculator or from keyboard 35. Data entered from a calculator may be of the form "SPn", wherein "SP" represents a "select-pen" command and "n" represents an integer 1-4 identifying the station containing the pen to be fetched (selected), or an integer 0 indicating that no pen is to be fetched, but that the pen, if any, contained in plot head 23 is to be deposited into an unoccupied station. Alternatively, when keys 37, 39, 41, 43 of keyboard 35 are pressed, a digital signal value "n" is entered into RWM 13 identifying one of the pen-storage stations 27, 29, 31, 33, respectively, as the station containing the pen to be fetched. This data or command entered into RWM 13 is then processed by processor 17, under control of the routine stored in ROM 19, to produce position coordinates to which controller 21 moves plot head 23 in order to fetch the pen from station n. Prior to the fetching action, if a pen-storage station is unoccupied, the processor 17 causes controller 21 to deposit the pen contained in the head into the unoccupied station prior to fetching the pen contained in station n. These depositing and fetching operations, which are performed under control of the routine stored in ROM 19, are described below and shown in flow chart (logic flow diagram) form in FIGS. 8A and 8B. A list of the instructions of which the routine is comprised is shown in Table 1 following. The routine is entered, starting at block 81, each time data or command is entered into RWM 13.
At block 81, the integer n representing a selected station is stored in RWM 13, after which, the present or current position (X0, Y0) of plot head 23 is stored in RWM 13, as indicated by block 83. From block 83, control is transferred to block 85 where a test is made, utilizing sensors contained in pen-storage stations 27, 29, 31, 33, to determine if all four of the pen-storage stations 27, 29, 31, 33 are full (each occupied by a pen). If all four stations are full, control is transferred from block 85 to block 87 where a further test is made to determine if the data "n" entered into RWM 13 is zero or non-zero. If n is found to be zero, no fetch operation is performed; in which case, an exit is made from the routine because no deposit can be performed either, since all the stations are full (as was determined at block 85). If all four stations are not full (i.e., at least one station is unoccupied), control is transferred from block 85 to block 89 where another test is made to determine if n is zero or non-zero. As block 89 shows, if "n" is non-zero, this indicates that a pen is to be fetched from station n, and control is transferred to block 91; if, however, n is zero, this indicates that no pen is to be fetched, and that the pen in plot head 23 is to be deposited into an available station, in which case control is transferred to block 93.
Table 1__________________________________________________________________________ROMSe- Ad- Object Programquencedress Code Instruc-No. (Octal) (Octal) Label tion Remarks__________________________________________________________________________1975**INSTR TO SELECT PEN SP,P1977*1978 44131 SP EQU *1979 44131 004226 LDB O01980 44132 001445 LDA EORFG1981 44133 072006 RZA SPFP1982 44134 004172 LDB O1 PASSN1983 44135 040402 JSM ONEGT GET PEN #1984 44136 172466 SAM GOER3 ERROR IF <01985 44137 020222 ADA N51986 44140 172064 SAP GOER3 ERROR IF >41987*1988 44141 035570 SPFP STB PENNU SAVE PEN #1989 44142 040513 JSM WT4SV1990 44143 001406 LDA XPRES SAVE1991 44144 031565 STA SAVEX CURRENT1992 44145 001407 LDA YPRES SERVO1993 44146 061666 STA SAVEY POSITION1994 44147 001602 LDA OTWD & PEN1995 44150 031567 STA SAVEP VALUES1996*1997 44151 000016 LDA STABL GET CURRENT1998 44152 170400 AAR 1 STABLE1999 44153 050231 AND 017 STATUS2000 44154 010231 CPA 017 FULL HOUSE?2001 44155 067227 JMP FULL YES2002 44156 076403 SZB STALL IF 0 PUT PEN INTO STABLE2003 44157 043267 JSM SPSUB TEST STALL STATUS2004 44160 072450 SZA GOIDL NO PEN - IGNORE2005*2006 44161 005554 STALL LDB CURPN GET CURRENT PEN: 1,2,3,42007 44162 043267 JSM SPSUB TEST STALL STATUS2008 44163 372003 RZA LOW NO - GO FIND LOWEST EMPTY2009 44164 005654 LDB CURPN YES - PUT PEN2010 44165 067173 JMP PUT BACK THERE2011*2012 44166 004226 LOW LDB O0 RETURN2013 44167 000015 LDA STABL PEN TO2014 44170 024172 ADB 01 LOWEST2015 44171 170400 AAR 1 EMPTY2016 44172 073476 RLA *-2 STALL2017*2018 44173 027323 PUT ADB ADXLP 8 HAS STALL #2019 44174 100001 LDA B,I2020 44175 043277 JSM FOOLY2021 44176 001012 LDA PXREL022 44177 004226 LDB O02023 44200 177601 SEC *+1,S2024 44201 043255 JSM MOSEY2025 44202 043312 JSM FIXY02026 44203 005670 GET LDB PENNU PUT PEN ONLY?2027 44204 076421 SZB DONE IF YES MOVE SERVO BACK2028*2029 44205 027623 ADB ADXLP B HAS STALL #2030 44206 100001 LDA B,I2031 44207 021012 ADA PXREL2032 44210 043277 JSM FOOLY2033 44211 001012 LDA PXREL2034 44212 170040 TCA2035 44213 004226 LDB O02036 44214 17/301 SEC *+1,S2037 44215 043255 JSM MOSEY2038 44216 043312 JSM FIXY02039 44217 040513 JSM WT4SV2040 44220 005570 LDB PENNU UPDATE2041 44221 035554 STB CURPN CURRENT PEN2042 44222 043267 JSM SPSUB TEST STALL STATUS2043 44223 072402 SZA *+2 SELECTED STALL EMPTY?2044 44224 154336 JMP POWAD,I (NO - FATAL PICK FAILURE!!!)2045 44225 043241 DONE JSM FIXUP RETURN TO STATUS QUO2046 44226 064370 JMP IDLE2047*2048 44227 076477 FULL SZB *-1 IF PUT ONLY IGNORE2049 44230 001000 LDA XMAX MOVE SERVO2050 44231 043277 JSM FOOLY TO SENSOR2051 44232 040513 JSM WT4SV2052 44233 000016 LDA STABL LOOK AT SWITCH2053 44234 031575 STA CRIMP SAVE IT2054 44235 043312 JSM FIXY02055 44236 001575 LDA CRIMP2056 44237 073466 RLA DONE PEN IN ARM?2057 44240 067203 JMP GET NO - SO GET ONE2058*2059 44241 FIXUP EQU *2060 44241 001565 LDA SAVEX RETURN TO2061 44242 005566 LDB SAVEY POSITION BEFORE2062 44243 177201 SEC *+1,C PEN2063 44244 043255 JSM MOSEY SELECT2064 44245 001567 LDA SAVEP RESET2065 44246 020172 ADA 01 PEN2066 44247 050172 AND 01 UP2067 44250 031510 STA WDPCT OR2068 44251 140315 JSM MOVEP,I DOWN2069 44252 000226 LDA O0 RESET MODE2070 44253 031511 STA WDMOD TO ABSOLUTE2071 44254 170201 RET 12072*2073 44255 MOSEY EQU *2074 44255 031506 STA WORDX X MOVE2075 44256 035507 STB WORDY Y MOVE2076 44257 000226 LDA 002077 44260 177002 SEC *+2 SET2078 44261 000172 LDA 012079 44262 031511 STA WDMOD MODE2080 44263 004172 LDB 01 PEN2081 44264 035510 STB WDPCT UP2082 44265 140314 JSM ADSET,1 GO MOVE HARDWARE2083 44266 170201 RET 12084*2085 44267 SPSUB EQU *2086 44267 000016 LDA STABL GET CURRENT STABLE STATUS2087 44270 170400 AAR 12088 44271 014252 CPB 04 COMPARE2089 44272 004227 LDB 010 IT WITH2090 44273 014174 CPB 03 SELECTED2091 44274 004252 LDB 04 STALL2092 44275 050001 AND B MASK2093 44276 170201 RET 12094*2095 44277 FOOLY EQU *2096 44277 004226 LDB 002097 44300 177201 SEC *+1, C2098 44301 043255 JSM MOSEY2099 44302 040513 JSM WT4SV2100 44303 005013 LDB PYREL2101 44304 035407 STB YPRES2102 44305 174040 TCB2103 44306 035564 STB PICK2104 44307 177301 SEC *+1,S2105 44310 043255 JSM MOSEY2106 44311 170201 RET 12107*2108 44312 FIXY0 EQU *2109 44312 000226 LDA OO2110 44313 005013 LDB PYREL2111 44314 177301 SEC *+1,S2112 44315 043255 JSM MOSEY2113 44316 005543 LDB SSTAT2114 44317 076077 RZB *-12115 44320 035564 STB PICK2116 44321 035407 STB YPRES2117 44322 170201 RET 12118*2120 44323 077013 ADXLP DEF XLPEN-16396*6397 77012 001054 PXREL DEC 556 STABLE RELATIVE X TRAVEL6398 77013 001710 PYREL DEC 968 STABLE RELATIVE Y TRAVEL6399*6400 77014 023374 XLPEN DEC 9980 X POSITION OF FOUR STALLS6401 77015 026474 DEC 115806402 77016 031574 DEC 131806403 77017 034674 DEC 147806404*6405 77020 000200 DTP OCT 200 .5% TICK SIZE6406 77021 002000 DLONG OCT 2000 4% DASH LINE LENGTH6407*6408 77022 000337 DEMSK DEC 223 DEFAULT ERROR MASK6409 77023 000000 DPMSK DEC 0 DEFAULT PARALLEL POLE MASK6410 77024 000000 DSMSK DEC 0 DEFAULT SERIAL POLE MASK6411*6412 77025 177754 UP2DN DEC -20 INTER-MOVE DELAY IF PEN UP TO DOWN6413 77026 177766 DN2UP DEC -10 INTER-MOVE DELAY IF PEN DOWN TO UP6414 77027 177766 DN2DN DEC -10 INTER-MOVE DELAY IF PEN STAYS__________________________________________________________________________ DOWN
At block 91, a test is made to determine if the selected station, n, does in fact contain a pen. If station n does not contain a pen, then no pen can be fetched from the selected station, and an exit is made from the routine thereby causing the fetching operation to be ignored. If, on the other hand, station "n" does contain a pen, control is transferred to block 93.
At block 93, a test is made to determine the availability of the station from which the pen held by plot head 23 was fetched (the identity of this station is stored in RWM 13 at the time a pen is fetched from the station, as shown by block 81 described hereinbefore); if this station is not available (i.e., is not empty but occupied by another pen) for receiving a pen from plot head 23, control is transferred to block 95, otherwise, if this station is available (unoccupied) and can receive a pen from plot head 23, control is transferred to block 97. At block 95, each of the remaining stations are successively checked (for example, from lowest to highest order, in the sequence: first, second, third, fourth) to determine one that may be unoccupied. After an unoccupied station is found (sensed), control is transferred to block 97. At block 97, the position coordinates (X4, Y4) for commencing the depositing operation are accessed from a series of four position coordinate values stored in ROM 19. These position coordinate values for commencing depositing operations with respect to the four stations 27, 29, 31, 33 shown in FIG. 2, are listed in Table 2 below. For example, the coordinates (X4, Y4) to which plot head 23 must be moved when starting to deposit a pen into station 31 (the third station shown in FIG. 2) would be (13180,0). These coordinates correspond to those of the third station listed in Table 2.
Table 2______________________________________Position Coordinates for Depositing a PenStation X4 Y4______________________________________1 9980 02 11580 03 13180 04 14780 0______________________________________
Table 3______________________________________Position Coordinates for Fetching a PenSelectedStation X1 Y1______________________________________1 10536 02 12136 03 13736 04 15336 0______________________________________
Following the operation at block 97, control is then transferred to block 99. As block 99 shows, these coordinates (X4, Y4) are then output or applied to controller 21 (FIG. 2) which moves plot head 23 to the desired coordinates (X4, Y4). (A controller or motor unit of this type is described, for example, in patent application entitled "Open-Loop Electric Drive With Corrective Controller", Ser. No. 756,679, filed Jan. 4, 1977 by Marvin LeRoy Patterson, Robert Dale Haselby and Albert Prall Kendig.) Thereafter, as FIG. 5B and blocks 101 and 103 of FIG. 8A show, the Y-coordinate value is adjusted and the X-coordinate value is unadjusted to produce the position coordinate pair (13180,-968) which are applied to controller 21 (FIG. 2) as position coordinates (X3, Y3). In a similar manner, as shown by blocks 105(FIG. 8A) and 109(FIG. 8B), the (X2, Y2) and (X1, Y1) position coordinate values are calculated to be (13736,-968) and (13736,0), respectively. These position coordinate values are then applied to controller 21 (FIG. 2), as shown by blocks 107 and 109, which moves plot head 23 to the desired coordinates. This U-shaped movement of plot head 23 to the position coordinates, as shown in FIG. 5B, causes the pen contained in plot head 23 to be deposited into station 31, station 31 being the first station found to be unoccupied.
Subsequent to the above pen-depositing operation, control is transferred from block 111 to block 113 where a test is made to determine if a pen is to be fetched from a station. At block 113, if it is determined that the data value "n" entered into RWM 13 (FIG. 2) is zero, indicating that no pen is to be fetched, then control is transferred to block 131. If, however, the data value "n" is found to be non-zero, indicating that a pen is to be fetched from station n, control is transferred to block 115. At block 115, the data value n is used as an address to access a position-coordinate value from the series of four position-coordinate values stored in ROM 19 (represented as Table 2 herein) and to calculate therefrom a position coordinate pair (X,Y) for commencing fetching operations. Position coordinate pairs that are calculated for commencing fetching operations with respect to the four stations 27, 29, 31, 33 are listed in Table 3. For example, if the value of n is two, indicating that the pen in the second station 29 is to be fetched, the coordinates (12136,0) shown in Table 3, representing (X1 Y1) in FIG. 5A, would be calculated and applied to controller 21 (FIG. 2), as shown by block 117. Thereafter, as FIG. 5A and blocks 119 and 121 show, the Y-coordinate value is adjusted and the X-coordinate value is unadjusted to produce the position coordinate pair, (12136,-968) which are applied to controller 21 as position coordinates (X2, Y2). In a similar manner, as shown by blocks 123 and 127, the (X3, Y3) and (X4 , Y4) position-coordinate values are calculated to be (11580,-968) and (11580,0), respectively. These position-coordinate values are then applied to controller 21 as indicated by blocks 125 and 129. Controller 21 moves plot head 23 to the desired coordinates in the U-shaped manner shown in FIG. 5A, thereby fetching from station 29 (representing selected station n) the pen contained in the station.
Following the operation performed at block 129, plot head 23 is returned to its original position (X0, Y0) as shown by block 131; this original position cooresponds to the position coordinate values previously stored in RWM 13 as indicated by block 83.
In the event all stations are occupied (full) and the data value "n" stored in RWM 13 is found to be non-zero indicating that a pen is to be fetched from station n, as shown by block 87, control is transferred to block 133. At block 133, processor 17 (FIG. 2) applies the position coordinates of pen-detector station 45 to controller 21, causing the controller 21 to move plot head 23 to the pen-detector station 45. At station 45, a sensor in the station is used as shown by block 135 to test if plot head 23 contains a pen. If plot head 23 is found not to contain a pen, then control is transferred to block 113 preparatory to moving the head to perform a fetch operation. If plot head 23 is found to contain a pen and there is no available station to receive the pen (as indicated by block 85), the head 23 is returned to its original position (X0, Y0) as shown by block 131. From block 131, exit is made from the routine.
The status of the plot head 23 is also checked at the time of commencement of use of the system 11 (i.e., at initialization or "power turn-on" time) by movement of the head 23 to pen-detector station 45.
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|Grafisches aufzeichnungssystem
|Jan 13, 1982
|Aug 4, 1982
|Gould Bryans Instruments Limited
|A recording or plotting apparatus
|Jan 13, 1982
|Mar 7, 1984
|Gould Bryans Instruments Limited
|A recording or plotting apparatus
|Feb 6, 1989
|Aug 9, 1989
|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Image forming member drive device of an automatic drawing apparatus
|Feb 6, 1989
|Dec 19, 1990
|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Image forming member drive device of an automatic drawing apparatus
|May 22, 2014
|Nov 27, 2014
|Natural Machines Llc
|Manufacturing food using 3d printing technology
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
1Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva
2Pediatric Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve
3Pediatric Gastroenterology
5Pediatric Cardiology
6Pediatric Surgery
7Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Copyright 2017, American College of Chest Physicians and Swiss Respiratory Society SGP. All Rights Reserved.
Introduction: Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a rare but serious complication of portal hypertension or portosystemic shunting. PoPH management may require orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) but this procedure is contraindicated in patients with severe hemodynamic impairment. There are only few reports describing PoPH management and outcome in children.
Methods: We describe our series of children with PoPH. Diagnostic workup was performed according to the current international guidelines and precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) was confirmed by right heart catheterization. All cases were discussed by our multidisciplinary PH program team. Patient data was collected via chart review.
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subset: commoncrawl


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RoadBikeReview.com's Forum Archives - Components
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>> Components
Spoke tension. How much is enough???
(11 posts)
Spoke tension. How much is enough???
Jan 30, 2002 4:14 PM
What is the right spoke tension? I have no device to check it and wouldn't probably spend $100 on it. Instead, I pluck the spokes to hear the sound and they sound uniform. However, I have been tweaking my new wheelset (making more rounder and true). I found myself tighening the spokes a lot. Yes, the wheels are rounder and truer but when do I stop???? Any side effect of having the spoke tension too high???
re: Spoke tension. How much is enough???
jason in nh
Jan 30, 2002 4:57 PM
first off, every sized spoke has a different tension, ex. a 14g will have a higher tension than a 15g.
You can keep making the wheel rounder and truer, but with the higher tension you will break many a spoke and depending onthe condition of the rim, pull a nipple though the rim.
DT recomends that a wheelbuilder focus more on proper tension than the roundness or the trueness. THe thought is a perfectly tensioned wheel will last a whole lot longer and be stronger, but a perfectly round wheel looks beautiful. Basically you need a tensionomiter to get it right.
Plan B
Kerry Irons
Jan 30, 2002 5:30 PM
While a spoke tensiometer may be nice, a low cost alternative is to compare the tension in a well-built wheel. For spokes of the same diameter, you can go by pitch, or you can use the hand-squeeze test. However, optimum tension for one rim may be too high for a weaker one, and possibly less than optimum if you're building with a very strong rim (e.g. for a heavy rider or a touring bike). A simple suggestion is that if you are starting with a properly tensioned wheel that requires truing, then tighten and loosen in equal measure as you go. Then your overall tension will be constant. After a while, you'll get the feel for proper tension. Many good wheels have been built and maintained without the services of a tensiometer.
Plan B
Jan 30, 2002 6:04 PM
thanks. I have been searching groups.google.com and really couldn't find a correct answer. There are so many factors involved. A tensiometer may give a false sense of security too, from what I am reading now. BTW, I am using Dura Ace hubs with Mavic Open Pro rims wheelset.
For the musically inclined...
Jan 30, 2002 6:49 PM
Have a look at this website:
I second this suggestion. (nm)
Jan 31, 2002 5:56 AM
Anyone have Brandt's book?
Jan 31, 2002 6:24 AM
In the book, he evidently describes a method to determine proper spoke tension - from what I gather, you tension the wheel up until while stress relieving, the wheel forms a mini-taco or wave (?), then back off a 1/2 turn or something... I don't have the book, but if someone does, perhaps they could explain what Jobst means (I assume he doesn't mean the wheel deforms when you squeeze the spokes together to stress relieve, as that happens at almost any tension)
One thing you want to make sure you maintain is uniformity of spoke tension - also, make sure the rim stays radially true (i.e., circular) as well.
Practical factors
nee Spoke Wrench
Jan 31, 2002 6:41 AM
Stuff that I've read by guys at Wheelsmith and the like seem to indicate that optimum wheel tension is very close to maximum wheel tension. One guy suggests adding tension until the wheel starts to deform and then back it off a bit. I have a big problem with this concept. The rim is often the most expensive wheel component so I'd like to avoid ruining it. I've also never seen rim specs published regarding maximum spoke tension so this doesn't look to me like a very useable standard.
For practical purposes, I think there are three issues.
Most important is to get the spoke tensions as nearly equal as possible. That's really all that I use my spoke tensiometer for. I think that a person with average musical pitch could probably do an adequate job using that as a guide.
Second is "How much tension can I get?" If you are using real skinny spokes, like Revolutions, eventually the friction between the nipple and the spoke will become so high that all you do is wind up the spoke rather than tighten the nipple. If you are using aluminum nipples, you will reach a point where the friction between the nipple and the rim will cause the nipples to round out rather than tighten. If you are using good quality reasonably durable rims, I suspect one of the above will occur before you reach the tension limit of the rim.
Third is "How little tension can I get by with?" Look for guys who are riding year old bikes that have OEM wheels that havn't broken any spokes. Check the spokes on the left side of their rear wheel. That's minimum spoke tension. Make sure yours have more than that.
Take it to the limit!!!
Feb 1, 2002 5:20 AM
The limit on spoke tension is set by the rim quality. Within this parameter get the spokes as tight as you can - on the limit of rim/nipple deformation. Simply put, spokes break because of insufficient tension, so if you want to build durable wheels, set that tension as high as you can. The wheel will start to behave oddly on the wheelstand as you approach max rim tension - it won't want to follow your attempts to true it as it is in the process of collapsing - then back off till it does behave. Don't use cheap rims, use eyelets if possible and steer clear of alloy nipples.
Equal Spoke Tension
Feb 1, 2002 5:42 AM
I don't understand how equal spoke tension can be achieved, and at the same time have a perfectly round wheel. We are not dealing with perfect materials. The rim is not perfectly round. I don't think you can have it both ways. If you want a well balanced wheel, then you can't have uniform spoke tension.
Equal Spoke Tension
Feb 1, 2002 2:22 PM
Due to the differences you mention perfect is not likely, but damn close by a tensiometer is very possible. Great variations within a true wheel indicate lousy work or a rim with internal stress, caused by damage or defective manuf. I build wheels all the time with quite sililar tension on the respective sides.


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The North East Harrier League (NEHL) takes place between October and March incorporating 6 League meetings, The Sherman Cup alongside the Northern and National Cross Country Championships. To run in the Harrier League you general have to be affiliated with or registered to a North East Club (You can run each event as a guest, fees included),
Current Club Captains: Men: Scott McEntee Women: Lisa Boyd
Cross Country is a great way to get involved with the club and meet new members. Meetings take place on Saturdays and Sundays throughout the season and more information can be found at: North East Harrier League
Start Fitness North East Harrier League
Cross Country Fixtures 2016-2017 dates,
Sat 1st Oct 2016 – Wrekenton
Sun 9th Oct 2016 – Druridge Bay
Sat 19th Nov 2016 – Sherman Cup, Temple Park
Sat 26th Nov 2016 – Thornley Hall Farm, Peterlee
Sat 7th Jan 2017 – Herrington Park
Sat 11th Feb 2017 – Thornley Hall Farm, Peterlee
Sat 4th March 2017 – Alnwick Castle
Although Thornley Farm appears twice in the fixtures, the HL committee have assured us the venue is big enough to have 2 different courses for the different dates.
Other dates for your diary,
Sat 10th Dec 2016 – North Eastern Cross Country Championships – Akley Head, Durham. Entries for this event have no closed! All those that put there name down and paid Lisa the £5 prior to the closing date have been entered. They are – Men: Les Bellis, Bill Brown, Robert Brown, Chris Checkley, Alan Douglas, David Gilmore, Philip Green, Matthew Hetherington, Paul Inskip, Alan Langford, Stephen McKenzie, Mick Mallon, Scott & Colin McEntee, Magnus McGillivray, Gary Pattison, Ian Robinson, Danny Routledge, Stephen Schubeler, Ben Shillitoe, Les Smith and John Sturman. Women: Jenny Friend, Laura Grundy, Alison Janes, Lisa Harpin, Nicola Roper, Hannah Shillitoe, Lisa Boyd, Jessie Hetherington, Helena Walsater, Caroline Billis. Juniors: Holly Matheson, Ellen Matheson
Sat 28th Jan 2017 – Northern Cross Country Chapionships – Knowsley Safari Park, Liverpool.
Sat 25th Feb 2017 – National Cross Country Championships – Wollorton Park, Nottingham.
Entries for the Northerns and Nationals will appear here soon!


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David Tait recently had the pleasure of interviewing the wonderfully talented Richie McCaffery, a young poet living in Scotland soon to have his first pamphlet published through HappenStance.
When did you start writing and how has your writing developed between then and now?
Thank you Richie McCaffery!
[…] Richie McCaffery was born in Newcastle in 1986. He is the recipient of a Carnegie scholarship as well as the recipient of an Arts Trust of Scotland 'Edwin Morgan travel bursary' and a Hawthornden fellowship. HappenStance Press published his first collection Spinning Plates, in 2012. His poems have also been anthologised in Todd Swift's Lung Jazz: Young British Poets for Oxfam and Salt's Best British Poetry 2012, edited by Sasha Dugdale. Read and interview with Richie here. […]


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CommonHealth has launched Shire Hall, a joint venture of CommonHealth and The Shire Hall Group (TSHG). CommonHealth and TSHG are specialist-communications companies in the WPP Group, the global communications-services company. Both report to John Zweig, CEO, Branding and Identity, Healthcare and Specialist Communications, WPP.
Shire Hall will be based in Parsippany, N.J., the global headquarters of CommonHealth, a healthcare-communications network. The new unit will leverage the combi
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An orphanage in Embakasi District, Nairobi, Kenya
The Founders/Director
Mutinda and Florence Muthama owned a business that bought and sold scraps and other recyclable material. The business gave them they start they needed to be able to open a rescue centre. They strive to help needy children have a place to call home and to give them an opportunity at a better life.
The Current Centre
Flomina provides shelter for the children to sleep in. They also have a bore hole for the kids to drink water and an area outside for the kids to play.
Source of their Funding
They receive financial support from Lift the Children, Local churches, well-wishers and business men.
Areas of Endeavor
Flomina Children's Home provides food, shelter, parental care and love for all the orphans and vulnerable children they care for. They support the children with their education and strive to have them all in good health.
Present Challenges
Their struggles include providing enough food for the children, inadequate houses for shelter and paying for school fees, their employees, and electricity.
|Yearly Payment Option
Monthly, Quarterly, Semi Annually, One Time for Year


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How do I discern where God wants me to serve with Immanuel?
Here are a few ideas:
- Consider your desires/aspirations. Often the Lord grants you the desires of your heart. Usually, even when we're called to very difficult tasks God does grant us a deep desire to do those things.
- Consider your abilities/gifts. You may love to sing and have an intense desire to lead in worship; however, if you can't carry a tune, then it is NOT the Lord's will for you to serve in that capacity…no matter how strong your desire for that ministry.
- Consider the real needs around you. As a Christian, you are part of a family. In a family, you may not like the chore of doing the dishes and taking out the trash, but someone has to do those things, or the family can't function. As a church family, look around you for the greatest places of need and seek to be a Christ-like servant, where no one else is meeting the needs.
- Consider your opportunities. For example, you may love to teach. You may be gifted to teach. You may feel called to teach. But, if there are not opportunities to teach, then for now, serve diligently where there are opportunities and wait on the Lord for a teaching ministry. This principle can be applied to any area of desire for ministry.
- Consider others' advice and counsel. As you seek to live your life for Christ's glory, this will involve serving others in many ways. As you serve, you'll find niches where you love to serve and where you meet real needs. As you do this, many times others will see your good works, affirm you, praise the Lord for you, and this will confirm God's "calling" in your life.
When all five of these things fall into place, you can have great confidence that the Lord would have you serve in the place that He is leading.
How do I start a ministry?
Serve someone!
How do I start a formal ministry?
We are a church that believes God gives gifts, and empowers and leads His people in all kinds of different works to advance His kingdom. At times this involves participating in an already existing ministry, while other times it is obeying the gospel in all of life and in the context of neighbors and co-workers. Sometimes it involves gathering other believers as you pioneer a new initiative to bring the gospel to bear in new way, new place, and a new context. Pastors at Immanuel want to get behind you and serve you in whatever capacity, so that God advances His Kingdom through you. If you want to inquire about starting a formal ministry, please contact Pastor Ben Hedrick, firstname.lastname@example.com, to share your heart and vision.
What do I do if I cannot seem to get plugged into any formal ministries?
If you are having difficulty finding out information regarding a particular formal ministry, or if you have any questions at all, please contact Immanuel's main office at firstname.lastname@example.com
What do I do if I am not connecting with my Gospel Community Group?
It takes a while to get to know new people. Be patient, look for opportunities to serve and speak, encourage others, and pray that God would strengthen your group. Talk to your group leader about ways to bring everyone together and unite them. If you would like, Immanuel's pastors are always available to help give counsel and possible find a group that is more compatible with you.
How can I be equipped to serve more effectively?
Pursuing God's calling in your life can be overwhelming. But God uses imperfect people by equipping them. In fact, God has given us pastors and teachers to equip us for the various works of ministry. We have structured ourselves in various ways to facilitate this process. Both Sunday morning worship and prayer gatherings are designed to encourage, train, and equip us as we labor for Christ's Kingdom. Additionally, various teaching times occur through the year to explore important issues and teachings so that our people have a basic understanding of the whole counsel of God. Another great place to be equipped is through our Gospel Community Groups, where we learn while we devote ourselves to community, care, and mission. Also, for those aspiring to be leaders, Immanuel offers a Pastoral Apprenticeship program to develop men into leaders for our church and elsewhere. Please visit our main website, ibclouisville.org, to read about our current teaching times and leadership development initiatives.


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Do you miss the 80s? Do you lament the old school ways of thrash metal? Then I suggest checking out … More
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Part Time Packaging AssociateLocation Franklin, Ohio Job Number 142038 Brand Cox Media Group Ohio, Inc.
·Feeding of pre-printed materials and newspaper sections into the insert machine
·Stacking of bundled newspapers from press delivery systems and transporting to appropriate areas
·Removal of newspaper sections and/or pre-printed materials from created packages
·Operation of powered strapping equipment
·Cleaning of work area as needed
·Individuals are scheduled 2-3 days; maximum of 30 hours per week.
·Day Shift approximately 9am to 7:30pm plus weekends & holidays
·Night Shift approximately 7:30pm to 6:30am plus weekends & holidays
·$9.00 per hour - Employees are eligible for an increase after 90 days based on performanceQualifications
Minimum Requirements:
·Must have flexibility in schedule
·At least 18 years of age
·Ability to lift 20 to 50 lbs. repeatedly
·Ability to stand for long periods of time
Cox Media Group is an integrated broadcasting, publishing, direct marketing and digital media company that includes the national advertising rep firms of CoxReps. Additionally, CMG owns Cox Target Media, which operates Valpak, one of North America's leading direct marketing companies, and Savings.com, a leading online source for savings.
The company's operations currently include 14 broadcast television stations and one local cable channel, 57 radio stations, eight daily newspapers and more than a dozen non-daily publications, and more than 100 digital services.
CMG currently operates in more than 30 media markets and reaches approximately 52 million Americans weekly, including more than 32 million TV viewers, more than 4 million print and online newspaper readers, and 14 million radio listeners.
For more information about Cox Media Group, please check us out online at http://www.coxmediagroup.com
Cox Media Group is an Equal Opportunity Employer; Minorities/Women/Veterans/Disabled.
Organization: Cox Media Group
Primary Location: US-OH-Franklin-5000 Commerce Center Dr
Employee Status: Regular
Job Level: Individual Contributor
Shift: Variable
Travel: No
Schedule: Part-time
Unposting Date: Ongoing


text:
Rommyknit's Profile
Hello. Since my childhood I have always been interested in handmade creation. I prefer knitting. Recently I got a knitting machine and new opportunities revealed to me. Now I can make my dreams come true. A machine is nothing without a human, a lot of work is made with hands. Recently I made an interest in felting. Both felting and a finished product makes me happy. I value everything that is natural, beautiful and made carefully. As I am creating something I always follow these values. I am glad that I found an opportunity to share my work with you. I am willing that you will like my creations.
Kind regards, Rommy.
- Female
- Born on May 13
- Joined August 17, 2010


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Can a Drugged-Up Civilization Survive?
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The psycho-pharmacy makes money by selling us drugs, persuading us to take drugs, dissuading us from pursuing non-drug alternatives, becoming dependent on drugs, turning to drugs for every situation mild or grave that life throws at us, making us believe we need drugs, convincing us we might die without drugs (or vaccines) selling us more drugs. And more drugs.
This operation makes billions and the psycho-pharmacy continually seeks to expand its market and make even more billions. The result has been the steady decline of mental and physical health and a steady rise in drug dependency throughout America, Great Britain and indeed the world.
If allowed to go unchecked, it will of course bring down the civilization. A civilization, like an individual, operates in a tough world: it must be robust and alert to survive and is only as alert and robust as its building blocks, individual people.
How to Overcome Anxiety and Depression
This book will not only cover in detail my own experiences with anxiety disorder, chronic fatigue, and severe depression, but all the therapies that seemed to work best, and a careful, life-long dietary management system that seemed to be most effective in helping me to cope and in certain ways to eventually fully recover. By reading this book, you will benefit from a lifetime of personal information and spiritual help regarding how to alleviate severe depression, terrifying anxiety and really frustrating chronic fatigue. Learn how to recover from most forms of anxiety and depression using meditation, spiritual knowledge, alternitive spiritual diets, ionized water, alkaline minerals, powerful antioxidants and supplements.
If you persist in drugging people, with all the mental and physical side effects that result, you will stultify and debilitate them more and more. If you stultify and debilitate your population, you impair and eventually wreck the culture's ability to survive.
That is where we are headed. It is the inevitable outcome of what is happening to us. You see it all around you.
It can be stopped of course. One only has to insist that such merchants of destruction become honest and cease to do harm. But one needs some leverage with which to apply that insistence because sometimes moral arguments alone do not persuade the wrong-doer to knock it off. And please understand that crime is what we are dealing with here. When someone prospers on the backs of others, by harming others, most of us recognize that it is a crime.
That is precisely the operation that stares us in the face and we must confront that this is what it is because if we do not, the harm being done will continue unchecked and the civilization upon which we all depend for our survival will continue to putrefy and decay until it is no more.
Checks on such broadly destructive conduct could and should have been applied by government but it appears that our governments do not care enough about the welfare of the millions of people for whom they are responsible to act. They appear quite willing to stand by and watch this operation progress unchecked. Government does not then work in our service but has gone over to the criminals. At this juncture there is no organization capable of insisting upon honesty from either government or these mighty corporations. With the capitulation of our governments there is missing from the scene an entity that has enough clout to make the honesty happen and to correct these self-evident flaws.
Seven Steps to Wholeness
Learn how to save thousands of dollars per year in medical and dental bills. Learn how to stop and even reverse the aging process. This guide will be thousands of times more valuable than what you paid for it! Save yourself from massive amounts of anxiety, fear, depression and all other forms of suffering. The healing power of alkaline mineral water and antioxidants is awesome! You will learn how to create your own alkaline miracle water and learn about which foods contain the best and most quantities of antioxidants and why. For the most incredible breathtaking breakthrough in the history of your life,
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Our civilization, in effect, has no quality control function, no watchdog standing guard over the human groups that shape it. Like any enterprise, it must have a quality control to ensure the continued integrity and reliability of what it produces and to correct goofs and "square ball bearings" as they appear. And believe me the rise of Big Pharma and its evident carte-blanche to enrich an immoral few by drugging the entire population is one mother of a square ball bearing!
So where will such a function come from? Who will create a watchdog with enough insistence and enough power to make government, corporations and the media tell the truth and knock off the harmful acts?
There is only one sleeping giant large and powerful enough to put in place and empower such a sentinel, the very sleeping giant that is sickening and dying for lack of it.
It is the citizenry itself.
Why? Because it is our basic mores, customs and common decencies that are being flouted so flagrantly. After all, it is the mores and custom of almost every culture on the planet, is it not, that people should be truthful with one another and that no man should be permitted to prosper by harming his fellows. Back to basics it is, then.
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A Pandemic Six Times As Deadly As Swine Flu and the Government Does Nothing - Why?
That government has become, to its shame, an appendage of the big corporations and is nowhere better evinced than the betrayal of the citizenry by those bureaucracies that purport to be safeguarding our health.
Nothing is done, for instance, about the pandemic of drug deaths resulting from prescriptions drugs. If a pandemic alert can be declared and the government galvanized to some sort of action, however batty, and great consternation and prophesies of doom leap out at us from the front pages of newspapers over Swine Flu for example, then why not the same level of concern over the deaths caused by prescription drugs?
As of November 17th, Swine Flu had claimed just over 8,000 lives worldwide, while over the previous 300 days, death by prescription drugs claimed nearly 49,000 lives - that is Six times as many deaths from prescription drugs as from the Swine Flu virus.
So, why the wailing and gnashing of teeth over Swine Flu on the part of the dangerously inept entities that presume to rule our lives, while prescription drug deaths raise apparently little concern, even though they expunged Six Times as many human beings in the past year?
Eliminate Suffering
Find Your Highest Joy - Suffering seems to come in as many forms as there are people. It seems that everyone has found their own ingenious way to suffer, and suffering is definitely a most congruent and defining part of humanity. Suffering is what makes, creates or defines the individual, or what makes the person. If there was no suffering, life would be like the sculptor without the chisel, no face could be rendered clearly, nor one's individuality could ever be well-defined! Do not be alarmed that suffering is such a defining part of humanity and such a seemingly impossible thing to avoid. We suffer to learn from our mistakes and improve our self-worth. Suffering is part of a feed-back mechanism to keep us motivated...
Worse, Swine Flu is - or so we are told - an act of nature. It will run its course and die out. The prescription drug epidemic, on the other hand, is entirely man made; it is caused by the decisions, choices and actions of men. And it will be with us from hereon out, claiming lives by the tens of thousands relentlessly into the far future unless men do something about it. Natural calamities, it would seem, pale to insignificance, compared with the devastation we can visit upon ourselves. Actually, I should say compared with the devastation that can be inflicted by a few men upon the rest of us.
Robert DuPont, former White House drug czar and former director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse said, "The biggest and fastest-growing part of America's drug problem is prescription drug abuse. The statistics are unmistakable."
USA Today reports that about 120,000 Americans end up in hospital after overdosing on just on opioid painkillers each year, and prescription drugs in general cause most of the more than 26,000 fatal overdoses annually.
You would think that such a death toll would galvanize the powers that be to action wouldn't you?
I don't know about you, but if were in charge of the government and I became aware of this pandemic of drugging that is killing far more of my fellow human beings even than swine flu year in and year out and that, at the same time, the health of the nation is getting weaker and "depression" and so forth, are so much on the rise that even our armed forces are committing suicide faster than the enemy can kill them, I'd want to know what the heck is going on and who is responsible for this mayhem - and I would darn sure do everything in my power to stop it.
I would certainly not be trying to defend the purveyors of death nor make excuses for them nor deflect criticism from them. Neither, would I be willing to mobilize the forces of the state so as to protect this status quo, I don't care whose profits are at stake.
But that's just me, nave soul that I am: I forget sometimes that there is hardly a government on the planet, so-called democracy or otherwise, that did not grow out of the determination of one vested interest group or another to protect and advance itself and that Presidents, Prime Ministers and political parties also have a hidden senior echelon to whom they must answer.
How to Overcome Anxiety and Depression
This book will not only cover in detail my own experiences with anxiety disorder, chronic fatigue, and severe depression, but all the therapies that seemed to work best, and a careful, life-long dietary management system that seemed to be most effective in helping me to cope and in certain ways to eventually fully recover. By reading this book, you will benefit from a lifetime of personal information and spiritual help regarding how to alleviate severe depression, terrifying anxiety and really frustrating chronic fatigue. Learn how to recover from most forms of anxiety and depression using meditation, spiritual knowledge, alternitive spiritual diets, ionized water, alkaline minerals, powerful antioxidants and supplements.
Okay, so obviously some modern calamities elicit concern and action of some kind, however badly thought through. Other calamities, though worse, do not stir the powers that be out of their torpor.
Clearly then, some calamities are considered bad while other mass killers are considered acceptable, even though they claim more lives. Who decides such things and on what criteria?
Well, the profits of big corporations would appear to be one of the criteria and whoever it is our governments work for, they do not work for the good of all the people.
Until they do, they do not deserve and indeed must not be given our support.
Go to WellHealthy now for more information and find out how to get my free ebooks.
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A Social Catastrophe and Men Who Do Not Care
Over the past few decades a social catastrophe has taken place that has pushed our societies into virtual freefall.
This is the program to bring about the debilitation of the citizenry through mass drugging. Viewed in terms of its observable impairment of the ability to survive of the individual victim and the society as a whole, it is nothing less than an enemy action.
Indeed the actions of very few, if any, external enemies, be they fifth columnists, terrorists or enemy states have killed, incapacitated or disabled more of the nation's citizenry than those who have pushed modern drugs in on our society. By "the nation" I find myself, sadly, meaning ANY nation existing at this time, for the cataclysm is truly global.
And by "drugs" I am not referring merely to street drugs but to legal or prescription drugs, which are a worse and more dangerous problem than their "street" counterparts.
"Legal" does not mean they are safer: it merely tells us that our government has not acted to defend us. Being legal, such drugs are easier and less troublesome (and thus more profitable) to push.
Eliminate Suffering
Find Your Highest Joy - Suffering seems to come in as many forms as there are people. It seems that everyone has found their own ingenious way to suffer, and suffering is definitely a most congruent and defining part of humanity. Suffering is what makes, creates or defines the individual, or what makes the person. If there was no suffering, life would be like the sculptor without the chisel, no face could be rendered clearly, nor one's individuality could ever be well-defined! Do not be alarmed that suffering is such a defining part of humanity and such a seemingly impossible thing to avoid. We suffer to learn from our mistakes and improve our self-worth. Suffering is part of a feed-back mechanism to keep us motivated...
They are popularized by the pharmaceutical giants through mass advertising, and pushed, as it were at street level, by a large irresponsible section of the medical profession.
Thousands upon thousands of people in Europe and America are already addicted to painkillers, psychiatric medications and other pills obtained legally from medical doctors, psychiatrists and even the internet and the numbers are set to explode as the drugging program continues without hindrance.
Its success depends of course upon continued ruthless marketing from the pharmaceutical giants for whom sales of the drug takes precedence overall ALL other considerations. But it requires also connivance from partners in crime such as doctors and advertising agencies, the media and government.
It requires too that all those involved DO NOT CARE whom they kill, how many fellow human beings they incapacitate or make ill, nor whether any civilization at all endures for our children to inherit.
No-one who cares about his fellow human beings or the continued well being of his nation or, indeed the race, would be a party to what is now being done in the name of financial gain. Men of good will simply do not make money by persuading their fellows to ingest harmful chemicals they know will kill them, shorten their lives or dull their senses. And they are certainly not party to any efforts to hide from public view the safer alternative to such chemicals that exist.
Honest men avoid such games. Where you find yourself with an industry that requires as many people as possible to be ill or believe themselves to be ill, indefinitely in order to make profit, you know that right there you are looking at the works of dishonest men. Where such a caper has flourished for decades at the cost of countless lives and steadily declining mental and physical health, and nothing effective has been done by your government to protect you from it - where, indeed, your government continually provides protection, succour and carte blanche for its perpetrators - you know you are looking right there at a dishonest government.
No matter what it SAYS, no matter the rhetoric about "democracy," or the whiteness of some President's smile, the truth of the matter is your government DOES NOT CARE. If it cared it would have made an effort to protect you wouldn't it?
If you continue to believe that those at the helm of the big corporations, at the helm of the media and at the helm of your government a) are honest or (b) care what happens to you, then you will continue to be hoodwinked, dismayed and bewildered by their actions and they will continue to walk all over you. Only when you assume that such entities are driven by men with designs indifferent or indeed inimical to your survival will you understand the world in which you live. Only then will it make sense.
How to Heal Dental Caries
This material presents alternative dental research. Much of what we have been taught about tooth decay in schools and colleges is either wrong or incomplete. This book is based on my own experiences and how I used the fascinating research presented by Ramiel Nagel and Dr. Weston A. Price to heal my own cavities without ever having to interact with a dentist. Incorrect nutrition is the real cause of tooth decay! You can heal your dental caries with correct nutrition, the avoidance of snacking, the elimination of excessive carbohydrates and sugars, and the regular brushing after every meal with a special tooth remineralization paste. One must permanently eliminate all junk food and commit to a life-long diet similar to a whole foods Palaeolithic or pre-agricultural regimen.
It is perfectly feasible for men to form groups that work for the survival of ALL men. It just so happens that at this time such groups are not calling the shots. Similarly men can and do form groups that forward overtly or covertly the special interests of a few. Such groups were never conceived, designed or run for the purpose of enhancing the survival of ALL men.
Such groups include virtually all governments existing at this time and certainly all the corporate powers that control money and commerce. It is these groups that are calling the shots at this time. They were never built to serve you and they are incapable of doing so regardless of what they SAY they are doing or the rest of us WISH they would do.
If the honest citizen wants a group that will forward and enhance his survival and which will truly work for the greatest good for the greatest number, then honest citizens had better get together and build one.
STEP OUT OF THE MATRIX: Go to Freedom Plaza at
for lots more free articles, etc.
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More About Honesty
On the subject of honesty, to which I have referred in a couple of articles, I should make clear that dishonesty can comprise the telling of untruths and false reports about situations or events and/or the withholding of key facts about situations or events so that others can be hoodwinked.
The proliferation of websites promoting "free" questionnaires so that the unsuspecting public might furnish data that will help drugs corporations to sell them drugs and the case of Dr Mehmet Oz are two interrelated cases in point. Let us take the online questionnaire issue first and cite an example: there is a website called RealAge, which appears to operate as a kind of front group or window for the pharmaceutical corporations. This relationship with the psycho-pharmacy is not made clear to visitors of the site who then fill in its questionnaire.
Corporate sponsors of RealAge include, surprise surprise, most of the major drug companies including GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Wyeth and many others. RealAge is essentially a marketing platform for Big Pharma and their most profitable pharmaceutical products such as Adderall, Ambien and Celebrex. It is disguised however to look like a consumer health information service.
The New York Times recently, and aptly, called RealAge "a window for drug makers" and said, "The test has received widespread publicity because of its affiliation with Dr. Mehmet Oz."
I'll come to the famous - but I would imagine by now considerably discredited - Dr Oz in my next article.
For now, let us focus on how the Real Age website operates: The RealAge website provides to its sponsors, the drugs corporations, information provided by its members and this information is then used by those corporations to solicit consumer sales using marketing messages targeted at publics by age, health condition, life issues and so on.
People who land on the site provide an e-mail address to take the RealAge online test. Throughout the test they are asked if they would like a "free RealAge membership". If someone answers "yes" to one of these prompts, they become "RealAge members," and the results of their test results are fed into a marketing database.
RealAge then allows its sponsors - the drug companies - to send e-mail messages based on those test results. In so doing it acts, as the, new York Times put it " as a clearinghouse for drug companies, including Pfizer, Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline," by allowing them to use its visitors' test answers to formulate marketing messages based upon those answers from the test. The data can include, for instance, whether someone is taking antidepressants, or how sexually active they are and even whether their marriage is happy.
Now, I don't know about you, but this approach strikes me as sneaky and less than honest.
Naturally, given that they come from corporations dedicated to peddling drugs, the "solutions" provided to whatever life difficulties are being targeted, always involve the person paying for and taking one or more drugs.
For most mental and physical situations there are solutions that do not involve drugging the person. This may not be very profitable for the drug peddlers who do not therefore want the public to know this, but it is nevertheless true.
To take one example: a person whose cholesterol levels are beginning to climb can usually solve this much more safely, cheaply and with good consequences for his or her overall health by straightforward dietary changes.
He does not have to of course. Possibly the statins present a "quick fix" on the order of kicking the TV set to adjust the picture, for which some might be willing to trade the side effects and their overall health but the person has a right to know at the very least that safe and very workable alternatives exist.
However, in order to extract money from that person's wallet, the drugs peddlers must steer him swiftly straight from recognition of a problem to a purported drug "solution" without the intervention of some elementary and straightforward education about his condition and its solutions. Hence we have a very slick and persuasive marketing operation involving "health" websites that are fronts for the psycho-pharmacy's marketing arm.
Sadly, far too many people are falling for this ploy and winding up in the hands of the psycho-pharmacy and the operation to drug the entire population gathers pace. The result is untold harm to the present and future of our nation and our race.
Anyone who wants to fight back in defence of sanity and decency can start by forwarding the truth to anyone and everyone likely to listen. In the end, I think people will thank you.
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