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Important Note: The author: Vincent Pardieu is an employee of GIA (Gemological Institute of America) Laboratory Bangkok since Dec 2008. Any views expressed on this website - and in particular any views expressed by Vincent Pardieu - are the authors' opinions and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of GIA or GIA Laboratory Bangkok . GIA takes no responsibility and assumes no liability for any content on this website nor is GIA liable for any mistakes or omissions you may encounter. GIA is in particular not screening, editing or monitoring the content on this website and has no possibility to remove, screen or edit any content.
This website is home for "Shameless Travel Addicted Gemologist" Vincent Pardieu (B.Sc., GGA, G.G.). Vincent is "Supervisor, Field Gemology" at GIA Laboratory Bangkok. He is a gemologist specialized on "origin determination of gemstones".
This is also home for Vincent's regular traveling companions: David Bright, Jean Baptiste Senoble, Richard W. Hughes, Guillaume Soubiraa, Walter Balmer, Michael Rogers, Kham Vannaxay and many others like recently: Philippe Ressigeac, Oliver Segura , Flavie Isatelle and Lou Pierre Bryl.
We are gemologists (gemmologists) sharing a passion for gemstones, gemolology (gemmology), gem people and traveling.
You will find in this website gemological expedition reports and some studies of gemological interest.
Visiting many gem mining areas we saw that people in remote mining and trading areas have difficulties to access to gemological publications. As today the Internet can be accessed in most of these gem mining areas and trading centers, the author started to build this website to give gem people living there the opportunity to see the result of the gemological expeditions they were associated in. It is a way to thanks them for their time and collaboration and to help them to get access to more gemological information.
At the same time the author hope that these expedition reports will please the people from consuming countries interested in gemstones and fascinated by their mysterious origins. Our purpose here is to help people facing difficulties to get quality first hand information about gems and their origins to get the information they need through this website and its links.
With our field expeditions to gemstone mines and gem markets around the world, we intend also here to share our passion for photography, gems and our fascination for the work of the "Gem People" bringing gemstones from the ground to magnificent jewelry.
From the gems external beauty to the intimate beauty of gemstone inclusions, from gem lore to the mines, the people and the landscapes gems origin from, we expect to share with you our passion for gemstone beauty.
We also invite you to join us on some gemological forums we are active in as they are convenient tools to get rapid answers to your questions as they are regularly visited by many other passionate gemologists, jewelers, hobbyists and professionals willing to learn more and share their knowledge about gemstones.
About the Author
Oct. 2007: Expedition to Tanzania gem mines:- Part 1: Gems from central and south Tanzania
- Part 2: Gems from North Tanzania
- Feb. 2005: A visit to Thailand, Cambodia with the AFG (Association Francaise de Gemmologie) (under construction) - 2002-2007: Expeditions to Pailin (Cambodia), Chanthaburi Kanchanaburi (Thailand) Houay Xai (Laos) Mogok, Namya (Burma) (under construction) - 2001: Expeditions to Namya, Hpakant and then Mogok with Ted and Angelo Themelis and Hemi Englisher (under construction)
about gems, gemology, field expeditions, studying gemology, minerals, jade, pearls or jewelry?We recommend these FORUMS where the author is contributing:
The photos and articles on fieldgemology.org are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.Feel free to use the photos and articles with links and credits. No commercial use without permission.All the best,
The Winza ruby and Sapphire mining area, Mpwapwa district, Dodoma province, Tanzania
( This page was first published on Feb 12th 2009 )
Text by Vincent Pardieu (formerly and at the time of the expedition, gemologist at Gubelin Gem Lab, Lucerne, Switzerland, and field gemologist for GIA Laboratory Bangkok when this page and the Winza article were published.) Photos by Vincent Pardieu, and Jean Baptiste Senoble (Nomad's, Bangkok, Thailand) Rubies and sapphires from Winza, Tanzania: Here are two beautiful faceted Winza rubies (over 5 cts for the smaller one and over 10 carats for the larger) associated with some rough, crystal specimens and also some Winza sapphires in their amphibole matrix associated with orange garnets... Stones courtesy: Van Cleef and Arpels/Piat/Swala Gem Traders, Photo:V.Pardieu/Gubelin Gem Lab, 2008
This expedition was the subject of "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania." an article by Schwarz D., Saul J.M., Schmetzer K., Laurs B.M., Giuliani G., Klemm L., Malsy A.-K, Erel E., Hauzenberger C., Du Toit G., Fallick A.E., Ohnenstetter D. and Pardieu V., published in Gems & Gemology, Vol. 44, No. 4, Winter 2008, pp. 322-347
This expedition was the subject of "An expedition to Tanzania's new ruby deposit in Winza" by Jean Baptiste Senoble, published in ICA's InColor magazine, Spring 2008 issue.
This expedition was co-financed by the Gubelin Gem Lab located in Luzern, Switzerland (where Vincent Pardieu was working as gemologist at the time of the expedition) and by Jean Baptiste Senoble, a Thailand based French gemologist whihc was also a member of this expedition.
Winza Page Map:
1) Introduction: 2) Historical background of ruby and sapphire mining in Tanzania: 3) Google Earth location of the Winza ruby and sapphire deposit: 4) Geology: 5) On the way to Winza: (from Arusha to Winza) ---- a) Dodoma ( Meeting the regional mining officer) ---- b) Mpwapwa ( Winza gems trading centre ) 6) Arriving at Winza: ---- a) Gem washing area at Winza river ---- b) Mtakanini mining village ---- c) Mining area 7) Winza gemstone specimens seen at the mines. 8) An interesting specimen with ruby associated with kyanite (disthene) and amphibole. 9) Winza rubies and sapphire gemology ---- a) Inclusion photos 10) Special Thanks 11) Links and bibliography about winza rubies and gems from Tanzania
1) Introduction: "In November 2007, rubies of high quality and pure red to pinkish-red colour were found near the village of Winza, (Mpwapwa district), in the Dodoma region of Tanzania, and quickly attracted attention outside Tanzania - most recently at the BaselWorld show (in April 2008). The superior quality of these rubies and sapphires is characterised by outstanding transparency..." ( text from the Gubelin Gem Lab Newsletter n22 published on May 05, 2008)
( A very fine quality Winza ruby, reminding the beauty of Thai rubies as seen during the BaselWorld show.
This gem was unheated and about 3 carats. Stone courtesy Gemburi, Photo: V.Pardieu, 2008 )
Obviously when such exceptional gems appear in the market for a gemologist specialized on origin determination of gemstones, a visit to the new mining area makes a lot of sense. I decided, with the support of the Gubelin Gem Lab, I was then working for, to visit this new deposit few days after the end of the BaselWorld show at the end of April 2008. Jean Baptiste Senoble, an enthusiastic young French gemologist and gem lover who used to travel with me in Tanzania in 2005 joined me on this expedition. The purpose of this expedition was to collect first hand data and samples in order to maintain the Gubelin Gem Lab gemstone reference collection up to date and to collect first hand data about gem mining and trading in Winza for future articles and presentations on these stones.
This specific April 2008 expedition was facilitated by the fact that in August 2005 and October 2007, the author did two very complete surveys of the gemstone mining areas in Kenya and Tanzania (see following map) with Tanzanian gem broker Abdul Y.Msellem as guide and with the support of Eric Saul (ICA Ambassador to Tanzania) and his brother Mark from Swala Gem Traders in Arusha, which are licensed gem miners and dealers in Tanzania. These expeditions were very useful to collect, of course, additional samples and data from known gem sources but also to build and maintain a strong local network (with Tanzanian gems dealers, brokers, miners, mining officers and technicians) which turned to be very useful and reliable for the Winza case.
In fact it was Abdul Y.Msellem (Photo on the right, presenting a large Winza sapphire crystal specimen he mined in December 2007), who was our guide for the previous two expeditions to Tanzania who first informed me about the new deposit at Winza at the end of November 2007. Abdul then left to spend December 2007 at Winza in order to mine. After his return from the area, in January 2008, he confirmed to me that fine rubies were mined there and he gave me by SMS the first description of the new mining area. These informations which were then confirmed during our visit at the mines.
In April 2008 with the support of the Saul family and Abdul Y.Msellem, I was happy to lead for the Gubelin Gem Lab a short field expedition to visit the new Winza ruby mining area.
From April 15 to 22, 2008, with the support of our Tanzanian friends and from the Tanzanian local authorities we succeeded to reach the new mining area where we stayed 3 days at 2 nights in order to witness and document the mining activity. We also visited the gem markets of Mpwapwa and Arusha.
About 2 weeks after the author and Jean Baptiste Senoble visit of the Winza mining area, in May 2008, GIA gemologists: James E. Shigley (Distinguished Research Fellow, GIA Research) and Brendan M. Laurs (Editor, Gems & Gemology ) also succeded to visit Winza in order to document the location, the geology, and the mining of the new ruby and sapphire deposit. They were accompanied by gem dealer Dimitri Mantheakis (Ruvu Gemstone Mining Ltd., Dar es Salaam ), who arranged the logistics and helped them to obtain the necessary permissions for that visit, and by several government officials for their security.
James E. Shigley (Distinguished Research Fellow, GIA Research) and Brendan M. Laurs (Editor, Gems & Gemology) visiting Winza, Tanzania in May 2008
Visiting both the mining area at Mtakanini and the Mpwapwa gem trading centre, they were also able to purchase a selection of Winza material for GIA ongoing research project on gem corundum with the help of Mr. Mantheakis, and the Tanzanian official which were traveling with them.
After these two expeditions, the Gubelin Gem Lab, the GIA and other researchers decided to collaborate to produce a common article about "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania" by Schwarz D, Saul J.M., Schmetzer K., Laurs B.M., Giuliani G., Klemm L., Malsy A.-K, Erel E., Hauzenberger C., Du Toit G., Fallick A.E., Ohnenstetter D. and Pardieu V. in Gems & Gemology, Vol. 44, No. 4, Winter 2008, pp. 322-347.
Besides the article, some addtional photos taken during the 2 expeditions by the Gubelin Gem Lab and GIA and some additional inclusion photos of Winza gems are also available on G&G Data Depository on GIA website. This page will now focus on the expedition I lead with the support of Jean Baptiste Senoble and the Gubelin Gem Lab and on the inclusions found in the rubies and sapphires collected during that expedition.
2) Historical background of the Winza ruby and sapphire mining area, Tanzania: Tanzania is the East African country with the oldest gemstone mining traditions: Rubies were found near Longido few years before the First World War when the country was under German domination as Tanganika (from 1885 to 1918). Other discoveries will follow during the XX century under the British rule (from 1918 to Dec 9, 1961) like near Umba in the 1950's and after the independence like in Matombo and Mahenge areas of the Morogoro province during the 70's and 80's and later during the 90's near Songea and Tunduru. The most recent ruby find took place in 2007 near Winza village, Mpwapwa district of the Dodoma province and this is what this page is all about: At Longido and in other similar Tanzania rubies producing localities like Lossogonoi, rubies are found following a reef of anyolite a rock composed of green zoizite and dark green to black amphibole. If Longido is still nowadays an active mining area, ruby mining at Lossogonoi stopped in 2006. In the 1950's rubies were again discovered near the Kenyan border in the Umba river valley from a pegmatite intruding into serpentinite. The AAPS (Africa-Asia Precious Stones and Mining Co.) company who started to work the deposit in 1989 stopped its activities in 2006 (A. Msellem, Pers. Comm., Oct 2007). During the 1970's the central Morogoro region become also known as a ruby producer with two main production areas where rubies and spinels are found associated with marbles in placers or in situ: The first area is located in the east of Morogoro town near the village of Matombo, the area produced mainly during the 1980's when Thai companies were working the deposit but after the discoveries of rubies in Luc Yen and Quy Chau (Vietnam) and Mong Hsu (Burma) ruby mining activities in Morogoro decreased and after the discovery of ruby and sapphire in the south of Tanzania (Songea 1992, Tunduru 1994) most miners left Matombo (A. Msellem, Pers. Comm.). Ruby and spinel mining was only residual when I visited the area in 2005 and was reported to have completely stopped during his recent visit in Oct 2007 (Morogoro mining officer, Pers. Comm., Oct 2007) The second ruby mining area in Morogoro province is located in the south of the province near the mountain city of Mahenge. The Mahenge mining area includes the following mining areas: Lukande, Mayote, Chipa, Epanko, Mbarabanga, Kitonga and Kitwaro). The Lukande, Mayote, Chipa areas are not anymore as active as during the 1980's when several Thai important mining operations where working in the area. Nevertheless during our visits in 2005, and 2007 we could see that several hundred miners were still mining rubies mainly near Lukande. Walter Balmer, a Swiss gemologist who visited Mayote and Chipa in June 2007, told me that some small groups were also still working these areas. In the early 2000's the focus seems to have moved mainly from ruby to spinel and the Epanko area became the main mining area around Mahenge. It was famous to have produced in August 2007 several giant spinel crystals from which beautiful large size red spinels were cut. In the southern part of Tanzania rubies were also found near Songea (1992) and Tunduru (1994). In the rivers around Tunduru rubies are found in small sizes from alluvial placers in association with sapphires (blue, yellow, violet), spinels, chrysoberyl (including alexandrite), garnets (including tsavorite), diamond, and many other gems.
Besides some exceptional stones mined mainly from the different Morogoro deposits, Tanzania was until recently mainly known to produce cabochon or heat treatment quality rubies. Nevertheless in November 2007 the word was in the Tanzanian gem trade that fine quality rubies were found near the village of Winza in Mpwapwa province of the Dodoma region. Tanzanian gem broker Abdul Msellem and 600 other miners and brokers from different mining deposits and gem markets moved to work the new deposit in December 2007. In January, back in Arusha, the main Tanzanian gem trading center, he informed me of the new deposit. When in April 2008 Vincent Pardieu and Jean Baptiste Senoble and in May 2008 James Shigley Brendan Laurs, visited the area in two different expeditions, about 5000 miners where working the area. In July 2008 (A. Msellem, private comm.) reported that the number of buyers was still increasing with more than 100 foreign buyers in Mpwapwa and about 6000 miners. The way rubies were discovered in Winza is still unclear and remains subject to speculations: Nevertheless thanks to Swiss gemologist Walter Balmer, I was able to get in January 2009 a document by J.K. Whittingham: "The geology of the Nyanzwa area" (1954). In this document a very short reference is made on page 25 about "ruby mica" mining at Winza by the "Tchenzema Syndicate Limited" which in 1926 and for about 2 years was reported to have mined "ruby mica". (See geology chapter for more details) If the term ruby is used here, it seems that the term "ruby mica" was commonly used used in the past to describe many minerals and thus it is possible that the Tchenzema Syndicate Limited never mined any ruby (the red gem variety of mineral corundum) in Winza but some reddish mica instead... (John Saul, 2009, Pers. Comm.). Geologist John Saul, a well known expert of East African gems and geology and the father of Mark and Eric Saul, provided me recently another interesting document of the same period: "Notes for Mica Prospectors in Tanganyika" by Sampson, 1954 in which "ruby mica" is clearly describe as a trade name for some types of mica. John Saul also told me also in April 2008 while I met him on my return from Winza that he saw in the 1960s some low quality corundum reported to have been mined somewhere near Mpwapwa (J.Saul: Pers. comm., 2008).Other sources are going in a similar direction: A map from Geological survey of Tanzania (1982) presented by E. Malisa and S. Muhongo in 1990 in "Tectonic setting of Gemstone Mineralization in the Proterozoic Metamorphic Terrane of the Mozambique Belt in Tanzania" was provided to me by Walter Balmer descibing Mpwapwa area as a known gemstone producing area in 1982 without presenting any details about the nature of the gems mined there.
In Mpwapwa police chief office on an old Mpwapwa district map published during the British colonial times, I noticed mining symbols near the location of the current ruby find and another is visible for an area on the other side of the river reported to produce garnet (see map later in the report). This find was the start of my historical research but it seems that these mining symbols are indicating the former Winza mica mines described by Whittingham.
Nevertheless if some additional bibliographic research might one day reveal that Winza rubies were known and possibly mined in the past before to be forgotten by most people. The fact is that the modern history of the Winza mines clearly started in 2007: On April 19th 2008, while having diner in Mpwapwa, local people told me that a villager from Winza was mining for many years the area in secret and traveled regularly to Dar Es Salaam to sell his stones. As the man passed away his son tried to continue his business but he was followed and soon many people started to come to Winza to mine and trade rubies. Probably this man was aware one way or another of ruby mining in 1926 or may be also during the 1950s.
Abdul Y. Msellem confirmed to me that story and recently he provided to me additional details:
"The modern history of Winza rubies and sapphires started during the 1990's as an old man from the Winza village, who passed away recently, went regularly to his farm located at Mtakanini in Winza forest to dig for gems. Returning at Winza village he used to sell what he got there to an old Somali man, who also died recently, this Somali was regularly traveling to Dar es Salaam , Nairobi and Mombasa for trading. The old villager called his son: Mr. Shabani just before to die. Mr. Shabani which was then working as a watchman at Dar es Salaam returned home and got the secret of the location of the gem deposit at their farm in Mtakanini forest. Mr. Shabani started then to go to the Mtakanini farm, in order to mine rubies. In October 2007 he was selling gems to Thais and Sri Lankan gem dealers in Dar es Salaam . People followed him and rapidly many miners arrived at Winza.
When Abdul Y. Msellem arrived at Winza on Dec 07th 2007; he registered as no.71 on the guests register papers of the mining village secretary. With the other new comers he was then introduced to the Kibakwe and Winza village leaders and to the local miners. During that meeting they were also introduced officially that the founder of the Winza Mtakanini mining area was Mr. Shabani. Mr. Shabani which was then also mining at Mtakanini then stood in front of the new miners and welcomed them."
The Winza modern mining history started then in November 2007 when the word about the existence of rubies in Winza spread in the market. By the end of January Tanzanian gem broker and miner Abdul Y. Msellem reported to me that about 600 miners moved to this area. At the time of the expedition I had with Jean Baptiste Senoble in April 2008 and then of James Shigley and Brendan Laurs in May 2008 about 5000 people were living and working there.
3) Find the the Winza ruby and sapphire deposit using Google Earth:
We invite you to follow our April 2008 fieldtrip to the new Tanzanian ruby deposit nearWinza using the potential given by the free software Google Earth. Just download and install the software, then using our links you can get a better idea about the mining areas we visited or those for which information is available in the gemological litterature. We recommend you to select the "terrain" option (down left in the "layer" booklet) in order to enjoy a 3D visit.
4) Geology: Regarding the local and regional geology of the Winza deposit,a first step was to study geological maps associated with the probable latitude and longitude of the deposit. Using the GPS data collected during the expedition to Winza with my GPS we could get some first information about the area geological context. Then field observations and the study of samples collected on site helped geologists John Saul and Gaston Giuliani to provide additional information regarding the geology of the Winza rubies sapphires for the article "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania." by Schwarz D., Saul J.M., Schmetzer K., Laurs B.M., Giuliani G., Klemm L., Malsy A.-K, Erel E., Hauzenberger C., Du Toit G., Fallick A.E., Ohnenstetter D. and Pardieu V. in Gems & Gemology, Vol. 44, No. 4, Winter 2008, pp. 322-347.
We can say to summarize the information available in this article that the rubies and sapphires from Winza are hosted in metamorphic rocks from the Usagaran Belt. The presence of both rubies and sapphires with different morphologies could be explained by the presence of two different generations formed at different geologic times under locally different conditions of temperature and pressure. (For more details please see "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania"by Schwarz&al Gems & Gemology, Winter 2008, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 332) GPS Data about Winza gem mining area: Mining Area: 07° 05'03"S 36°19'11"E; Mining Camp (Police camp): 07° 04'58"S 36°19'14"E; Winza Village: 07° 00'58"S 36°21'54"E
Walter Balmer, a former gemmologist of the Gubelin Gem Lab, working currently on a Ph.D. at Chulalongkorn University in Thailand regarding the geology of gem deposits in East Africa and visited Tanzania in 2007 provided me also several interesting geological maps and informations:
The Usagaran Belt is part of a precambrian basement. The paragneisses and metapelites found in this area represent very old sedimentary rocks (>2.0Ga) of reworked and metamorphosed craton material. (Walter Balmer, Pers. Comm, Jul. 2008) Using that recent map and the GPS Data collected in the field, we can see that the mine is located within the Usagaran Belt. "The Usagaran Belt is formed basically by a metamorphosed sedimentary basement and a significantly younger magmatic cover. The basement consists mainly of reworked craton material including paragneisses and metapelites. Metagabbros, metabasalts as well as migmatic orthogneisses are also found in the basement. " (Walter Balmer, Pers. Comm, Jul. 2008)
On a second interesting recent geological map whihc was provided to me by Yves Deschamps from the BRGM: (Y. Deschamps, et al. (2004): "Geology and Gemstones Deposits of East Africa", map scale 1:4'000'000, BRGM) : I've reported Winza and some other important gem mining areas in Tanzania: It is interesting as we can see here the localization of the Tanzanian main gem deposits located in the Mozambique belt, on the east of the Tanzania craton. Winza mining area is indicated in this map to lay within the Palaeoproterozoic unit PP1-3 which includes meta-sediments, orthogneisses, granulites, metagabbros, marbles & ecologite lenses. This cover a lot of things and is not here much helpful to describe the deposit but it is understandable as with the map scale at 1:4'000'000 the information is more on a sub-continent level rather than regional level.
Swiss gemologist Walter Balmer provided me also in January 2009 a third geological map and a very interesting report by J.K. Whittingham, (Map scale of 1:125'000), from "The Geology of the Nyanzwa Area", Quarter Degree Sheet 63NW, Geological Survey of Tanganyika, 1954 ). Sadly we got this document too late for the different articles published in InColor, Rapaport and Gems and Gemology. I reported on this detailed old geological map the location of the mining camp and the mines: The mining area is located, and this is probably very interesting, exactly lithological boundary. The pink area on the east of the boundary is reported as kyanite-garnet-biotite-gneiss while the thin pink area on the left of the boundary is reported as biotite-gneiss and amphibolite. .
The study of "The Geology of the Nyanzwa Area", Quarter Degree Sheet 63NW, Geological Survey of Tanganyika, 1954 by J.K.Whittingham is also very interesting as it is describing the Mangalisa and Winza area providing also some interesting historical background and this is to my knowledge the possible earliest reference about the presence of "ruby" near Winza, nevertheless the term used is "ruby mica" used could in fact mean something very different from Winza ruby: "ruby mica " is a disused term formerly used for goethite, lepidocrocite, fine quality Indian mica, reddish mica, etc.. The term is then difficult to use as it has been applied differently to diverse substances (John Saul, 2009, Pers. Comm.) and probably in this case just refer to a trade name for some qualites of mica. Pages 2 and 3: "During the German administration (of Tanganika) several explorers, notably Von Prittwitz und Gaffon (1932) in 1899 and Tiller (1913) in 1911, traversed the Nyanzwa area... When Tiller (1913) traversed the North-Eastern part of the area in 1911, copper and mica had already been discovered and trenched near Winza... Page 25: "Mica prospecting has been carried out in the Mangalisa area since the time of the German administration (Tiller 1913) when prospects on the western escarpment near Winza and Mkofwa were exploited. About 1926, Tchenzema Syndicate Limited produced ruby mica at Winza for about two years, then it was abandoned until 1934 when mica pegmatites at Winza, Lutalawe and Mkofwa were worked by Schultz, Nuffer and Theoren (Williams and Skerl, 1940, pp17-18)" The author also describe alluvial garnet deposits on the east side of Yalumba mountain and report that beryl was discovered by Wessels in the mica pegmatites of Mangalisa, kyanite is reported also to occurs commonly in the semi pelitic rocks of Mangalisa as well as copper and manganese. The garnet alluvial deposit is probably the old mines reported by Abdul Y.Msellem and the local Mtakanini miners to be on the western side of the Mtindiri River, while the mica mines are probably the old mines reported on the Whittingham map and the map we saw at Mpwapwa police station.
Jones Mwakabuku, a Tanzanian gem dealer is studying the transparency of a Winza ruby rough in Arusha gem market.
April 17, 2008: We met Mr. Komu, the acting resident mining officer at his office, near the Geologic Survey of Tanzania. We had a long interesting discussion about gemstone mining in Dodoma province and we could also study some additional stones coming from Winza. Mr. Komu agreed to issue an introduction letter for the local authorities at Winza and to provide us the support of Mr. Innocent, a mining technician from his Dodoma office, in order help us during our visit to the Winza mining area.
Buying fine quality gems in Mpwapwa is not an easy job as reported by Mr. Mor, a famous Thai gem buyer from Chanthaburi, working in Mpwapwa at the time of our visit and other foreign gem dealers: Synthetics are very common in the area and even experienced gem buyers lost large amount of money buying synthetics instead of natural gems.
On the following photo, Mr. Mor presents us a parcel of natural Winza rubies on the left and two synthetics, of the type commonly found at Winza, on the right. In order to separate natural Winza gems from common synthetics he told us that he was using a simple color filter. But if the color filter can separate iron rich Winza rubies from iron poor flame fusion synthetics, it is not useful with some iron containing synthetics like some Ramaura or Kashan flux grown rubies.
Reporting about our presence to the local Mpwapwa police station, we had an interesting discussion with the Mpwapwa police chief who allow us to study an old map of the Mpwapwa district decorating his office. This map from the British colonial times (1950's) was very interesting to us as we could see some mining symbols near the location of the current gem mining in the south of the Winza village. As we can see on the map the mining takes place on both side of a river on the west of the "Mangalisa Forest Reserve" in an area which was reported by locals to have been work at small scale for copper, mica and garnets in the past by Greek miner Georges Paparas and other people.
What does Winza village looks like? Here is a short drive video I did passing through the quiet Winza village: A school, few houses scattered here and there. Most of them are surrounded by corn fields...
Just Lovely! Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Here is a short video taken near the Mtindiri River while we were approaching the Mtakanini mining area near Winza: These were our very first moments watching the ruby mining activity at Winza ... Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Here is a short video showing the Winza ruby and sapphire washing area near Mtakanini camp: Gem miners are washing here the gem rich ground collected in the hills in order to collect rubies. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Here is a short video taken while we were first entering the Mtakanini mining village near Winza on April 17th 2008. It was night fall and the miners mistook me first for "Malapa" alias Werner Spaltenstein a very famous Swiss buyer in East Africa. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Here is a short video showing Winza Mtakanini mining camp at night: If by day Winza mining camp is quite quiet, as most miners are working at the mines or at the washing area, by night the camp is crowded with people eating, speaking business, celebrating their luck or trying to forget their problems. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
After arriving at the new ruby mining area in Winza, Tanzania, we joined the miners for diner in the center of the mining camp: Food was simple but with 5000 miners around that first night at the mines turned to be far away from boring for the two visiting "Musungu" and I'm sure that our police escort will remember it also... Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Mr. Kinana Kirenga, the Mtakanini miner Vice Chairman who came with us to visit the mining area is presenting us a parcel of good quality but small pinkish Winza rubies.
Most of the stones found at Winza were found after washing the ground collected over the Mtakanini camp. Most of the rough stones are then free of any matrix. High value very fine color and and exceptionally clean pieces of large size were found. These stones are nevertheless rare.
Waiting at the police station to get the approval of the miners and villagers to visit the mining areas and later visiting the gem buyers waiting for the miners to come to seel them their stones, we could see many people walking through the Mtakanini village carrying on their back bags full of gem rich ground.
Few hundred meters after the entrance of the village on the hill side we arrived to an area where we could see several tens of miners digging the ground filling back and loading trucks. Here was then the place where the beautiful stones we saw at the lab earlier that month were probably coming from. We collected first the GPS data of our location for our data: (07° 05'03"S and 36°19'11"E) and studied the area around. It was an incredible scenery. The area was locally looking like a first world war battle field, Verdun style...
Here is a short video showing a global view over the ruby and sapphire mining area on the hill near the Mtakanini mining camp near Winza village, Tanzania. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Approaching the mines on the Mtakanini hill we could see that if many miners were just collecting ground to wash it at the river, several groups had started to mine some ruby and sapphire rich solid rocks located under the gem rich ground. After such observations it can be concluded that the deposit is a mixed "elluvial" and "solid rock" type deposit. We could visit several operations which were told us to be less than one month old. These hard rock mines were to the best 10 meters deep.
Here is a short video showing a starting underground ruby mining operation at the Winza mining area in Tanzania. After the ruby discovery in the ground, gem rich hard rock veins were found and the Tanzanian miners used to the deep tunnels of Merelani were not long before to start digging. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Here is a second short video showing the same starting underground mining operation. Just a closer look to the way the miners are working with simple hand tools... As fuel prices are rising, this type of gem mining will probably have a bright future. Video: Vincent Pardieu.
Approaching the mines on the Mtakanini hill So far miners explained us that they were following gem rich veins composed mainly of a dark black rock as we can see on the right of the photo on the left. The veins are nearly vertical. Near these dark rocks (which were identified as amphibolites) we could see numerous large mica sheets and a whitish very soft rock (possibly talc or kaolin) which nature is still not clear.
Mr. Emmanuel Joeli Sikawa spent a lot of time with us on April 18 and 19 2008 at the mines. His presence and explainations were very useful for us to understand the mining at Winza. His personal professional background is interesting to understand the reality of gem mining in Tanzania: Emmanuel was 28 years old in 2008. He started his professional gem mining life when he was around 15. He worked then for 10 years at Merelani. Then he worked for one year at Ipanko spinel mines near Mahengue before to return to Merelani for another year until he heard about Winza in January 2008. He moved then to Winza where he was financing several mining pits and about 30 to 40 miners were then working for him.
Brief summary of the gemological properties of rubies and sapphires from Winza, Tanzania (For more details please see "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania"by Schwarz&al Gems & Gemology, Winter 2008, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 332)
Color: Red, purplish red, pinkish red, orangy red, blue, pink, padparadsha. Refractive Index: No: 1.767-1.771 Ne: 1.758-1.762 Birefringence: 0.008 - 0.010 Specific Gravity: 4.00 - 4.03 (average 4.02) Dichroism (ruby): Orange to orangy red and purple red to violet red Origin of Color: Cr, Fe SWUV: inert to weak LWUV: Weak to strong Chemical Fingerprint: Commonly High Fe and Cr (about 0.5%) and low Ti, V, Ga (often below detection limit of EDXRF) FTIR: (In unheated stones: Commonly peak at 3160nm and/or broad band at 3450nm) UV-VIS: Cr modified usually by Fe, Crystal Morphology: Rhombohedron (positive and negative), prismatic (short and long), dipyramidal and tabular (rarely). Inclusions: Typically: Long, curved, tube-, fiber-, needle- or hair like inclusions (only in rubies), crystals (greenish amphibole, orange garnet, apatite were so far identified using Raman by the author and Dr. Eric Erel of the Gubelin Gem Lab.) partially healed fissures with polyphase fillings or solid material of unknown nature (not active in Raman), blue color zoning, rhombohedral twin planes and sometimes intersection tubes in several directions, minute exsolved particles.
1) Inclusions found so far only in top quality red Winza material:
(All photos: V.Pardieu/Gubelin Gem Lab, 2008)
Long tube-, needle-, fiber-, or hair like inclusions are the most characteristic inclusion found in many fine Winza rubies. These inclusions were so far not observed by the author in any Winza sapphires.
Previous and next photos: Here the curved tube like inclusions are associated with bands of minute particles (40x).
Previous and next photo: Again the same curved tube like inclusions now associated with strong growth lines (40x)
Previous photo: In some rare cases, some amphibole crystals (identified using Raman by Dr. Eric Erel) can be found associated with curved tube like inclusions in fine quality Winza rubies (40x)
Previous and next photos: Commonly encountered in fine quality rubies from Winza are some irregularly shaped cavities filled with a greyish substance which are not without reminding flux type inclusions in synthetic rubies (40x)
Previous photo: One of these irregularly shaped cavities seen using dark field illumination.(40x)
Previous photo: The same irregularly shaped cavities seen using bright field illumination.(40x)
Previous photo: Again the same irregularly shaped cavities seen using cross polars illumination.The polycrystaline nature of the inclusions is now obvious.(40x)
Previous photo: Datails on the paralel growth zoning in one fine Winza ruby. Commonly bluish violet lamelae can be seen using dark field illumination.(40x)
2) Inclusions found "polychrome" type Winza rubies and sapphires:
(All photos: V.Pardieu/Gubelin Gem Lab, 2008)
Previous and following photos: One of the most common inclusion scene in Winza sapphires is color zoning. If some stones are pink and other blue, most of the Winza sapphires are in fact bicolor.
Previous and next photos: Besides blue color zoning, clouds or bands of minute particles are also commonly found in Winza rubies and sapphires. They can give to the stone a milky aspect.
Previous and next photos: Another common inclusion found in most Winza sapphires, in assciation with color zoning and clouds, are healed fissures.
Previous and next photo: Details on healed fissures in Winza sapphire: These healed fissures can be look to the fisrt glance like in many healed fissures found in sapphires from other origins.(dark field illumination, 40x)
Previous and following photos: Nevertheless a close observation of these healed fissures under bright field illumination often reveal that they contain multiphase fillings as it can be seen in the previous photo (bright field illumination, 60x) and the following one (cross polars illumination, 60x)
Previous and following photos: Another couple of photos from bright field to cross polars illumination showing multiphase fillings of unknown nature (not active in Raman) in healed fissures. . Previous photo: bright field illumination, 40x and the following one: cross polars illumination, 40x
Previous and next photos: Rhombohedral twinning is also commonly found in Winza sapphires.(10 and 40x)
Previous and following photos: Intersections of the twin lamellae often result in the formation of linear tubules, usually one system but also commonly three dimentional networks as here. (30x)
Previous photo: A rather rare inclusion scene in Winza sapphires are stringer like formations composed of coarse particles.(40x)
Previous and following photos: Surface reaching fissures and tubes are commonly filled with limonite like orangy substance (40x)
Previous and following photos: One very common inclusion in Winza rubies are greenish euhedral amphibole crystals which were identified using Raman by the author and Dr. Eric Erel. (30 to 40x)
Previous photo: With bright field illumination we can see several amphibole crystals (40x) Next photo: With fiber optics illumination we can see many orientated particles, probably hematite platelets. (40x)
Previous and following photos: Again we can see on the previous photo a fine association of greenish amphibole and orange garnet inclusions using fiber optics illumination we can also discover a dense network of reflective particles, probably hematite platelets. (20 to 40x)
Previous and next photos: Garnet inclusions in Winza sapphires are usually rounded and orange in color. On the previous photo, the black looking crystals are in fact cavities filled with polishing powder as the inlcusions are here reaching the sample surface. (30 and 10x)
And finally a rare inclusion in Winza sapphires: An apatite crystal which was identified by Dr. E. Erel using Raman.(40x, Dark field Illumination)
Very Special Thanks, To all the Tanzanian authorities we met for their support and help, and particularly Mr.Komu, acting resident mining officer in Dodoma to have permited us to visit Mpwapwa and Winza and provided us all the documents we were needing during our visit and to have asked Mr. Innocent, mining technician in Dodoma, to escort us in order to facilitate our expedition. .
To all the miners, gem brokers and policemens who welcomed us, shared with us their time and their life and particularly: Mr. Hamad O.Msuya, Mr. Emmanuel Joeli Sikawa and Mr. Kinana Kirenga whose support was priceless and particularly appreciated. I hope that this report will be useful to all people we met in Tanzania and to all the people interested in the gem trade from the production areas in Tanzania to the consuming markets and for all gem lovers around the world. Now I would like to give a more personal thanks to the following people as without their help and support during this expedition to Winza Tanzania, I would not have succeeded in this expedition:
First thanks to my traveling companions who helped to finance, organize and to make this expedition a success:
Then to the ICA (International Colored stone Association) and its Tanzanian members for the support they provided to the fellow member I'm to organize this expedition to Tanzania.
Eric and Mark Saul, from Swalagemtraders and their father: geologist John Saul which name is associated with the ruby discoveries in Kenya. Eric Saul is the current ICA Ambassador to Tanzania. Mark, who also visited Winza during summer 2008, was able to collect some key geological samples which were really helpful for the G&G article where his father John Saul was a co-author. Their support in the planning, the organization and the aftermath of our expedition was very valuable and much appreciated.
I would like also to thanks: The people who helped me while working on Winza gems giving me access to some interesting samples for study or photography like Aline De Lavoreille from Van Cleef and Arpels and Emmanuel Piat from Piat. The people who provided me some useful reports and information like Werner Radl, from Germany, Mr Mor and his daughter Wilarwan from A&W Gems in Chanthaburi, Thailand. I would like also not to forget:
Finally I dont want to forget the people I collaborate with while working as a lab gemologist on gems from Winza:
Very special thanks also to Schwarz D., Saul J.M., Schmetzer K., Laurs B.M., Giuliani G., Klemm L., Malsy A.-K, Erel E., Hauzenberger C., Du Toit G., Fallick A.E., Ohnenstetter D. for their great attitude and appreciated collaboration working on "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania." an article published in Gems & Gemology, Vol. 44, No. 4, Winter 2008, pp. 322-347
Last but not least: Very special thanks to the Gubelin Gem Lab in Luzern, Switzerland, my fellow gemologists and former colleagues working there for their great and appreciated support for the Winza April 2008 expedition. A very special thanks to Suzie Gubelin to have taken the time to share her personal feelings about the beauty of Winza rubies and sapphires. It was most educative to me.
Interesting Links and recommended readings about gemstones from Winza: - Feb 05, 2008: Frist announcement about the new ruby and sapphire discovery near Dodoma by the author on the GemologyOnline gemological forum - May 03rd 2008, first serious public release about rubies from Winza: SSEFnewsletter_may08 - May 05th 2008, GIA Insider published an article about Winza by SSEF - May 06th, 2008, The Gubelin Gem Lab makes a public announcement about rubies from Winza in its newsletter: - May 26th 2008, GIA Insider published a short article by Brendan Laurs and Vincent Pardieu about Winza - June 03rd 2008, the ICA put online its InColor Magazine: with an article from JB Senoble about our common expedition to Winza and another gemological article by SSEF about these Winza rubies. - June 05th 2008: GIT put on its website a short study about Winza rubies: - July 04th 2008, Diamond Rapaport Report, Vol 31, N26, p173 to 175: "Field Report from Winza" by Vincent Pardieu and Dietmar Schwarz, Gubelin Gem Lab. Note: In this article the deposit was mistakenly described as "probably lamprophiric..." It is of course not the case. - Jan. 2009: Schwarz D., Pardieu V., Saul J.M., Schmetzer K., Laurs B.M., Giuliani G., Klemm L., Malsy A.-K, Erel E., Hauzenberger C., Du Toit G., Fallick A.E., Ohnenstetter D. (2008) "Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 322-347.
Interesting Links, articles, maps and books about gemstones from Tanzania: (to be completed) - Vincent Pardieu and Jean Baptiste Senoble 2005 expedition report to Tanzania - Vincent Pardieu, Richard W Hughes, Guillaume Soubiraa, Mike Rogers, Warne and Monty Chitty and Philippe Brunot 's October 2007 expedition report to Tanzania - "Tanzanite: Its discovery and early days" by John Saul - ICA's InColor Magazine . Summer 2007 - "A new spessartite discovery by the Serengeti" by Eric Saul from Swalagemtraders... - "Color change garnets" by Swalagemtraders - "The first gemstone discovered in East Africa": (The discovery of ruby near Longido) by John Saul. - "Tanzanite July 7, 1967, something new out of Africa", by Swalagemtraders - "Tsavorite, history of the main deposit" by Swalagemtraders - Gems and gemology, spring 2004, Featured Gem News: "Pink to Pink-Orange Spinel from Tanzania" - "The mineral industry of Tanzania 2003" - "Tanzanian spinel, racing for the red", by David Federman - "Longido ruby" As described by Edward R. Swoboda by Palagem.com - "Tanzanite buying guide" by Peter Bancroft by Palagem.com - "Tsavorite Garnet, King of African Gems" by Richard Wise - "Green future await Tanzanian gem miner" by: Gerrit Bezuidenhout - "Tanzanian Ruby Find Brings Hope" by Hamza Kondo - "Rukwa, Tanzania Unknown Gem giant" by Hamza Kondo - "The SEAMIC in Tanzania" One of the few facilities in Tanzania offering gemological courses. - "TanzaniteOne", the website of what is probably the world colored stone most high tech mine. - "Research on Corundum and chrysoberyl from Tanzania completed" by SSEF Recommended Articles about gem localities in Tanzania: - "The geology of the Nyanzwa area", by J.K. Whittingham, Quarter Degree Sheet 63 NM. - "Alexandrite from Lake Manyara, Tanzania", by E.Gubelin, Gems & Gemology, Fall 1976 - "Garnets from Umba valley, Tanzania: Is there a necessity for a new variety name?" by K.Schmetzer, Journal of Gemmology, 1981, XVII, 8 - "An Unusual garnet from Umba valley, Tanzania" by K. Schmetzer, Journal of Gemmology, 1982, XVIII, 3 - "Reddish-brown sapphires from Umba valley, Tanzania" by M. Gunawardene, Journal of Gemmology, 1984, XIX, 2 - "Korunde aus dem Umba-Tal, Tansania, by H.A. Hanni, Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges., Oct 1986 - "On corundums from Umba Valley, Tanzania" by H.A. Hanni, Journal of Gemmology, 1987, 20,5 - "Well-formed tsavorite gem crystals from Tanzania" by R.E. Kane, A.R. Kampf, H.Krupp, Gems & Gemology 1990 - "Tectonic Settings of Gemstone Mineralization in the Proterozoic Metamorphic Terrane of the Mozambique Belt in Tanzania", by E.Malisa and S.Muhongo (1990) Precambian Res., 46:167-176 - "New rubies from the Morogoro area, Tanzania" by H.A. Hanni and K.Schmetzer, Gems & Gemology, Fall 1991 - "Gem quality green Zoisite" by N.R.Barot and E.W. Boehm, Gems & Gemology, Spring 1992 - "Gem Wealth of Tanzania" by D. Dirlam, E B. Misiorowski, R Tozer, K.B. Stark and A.M. Bassett, Gems & Gemology, Summer 1992 - "Lamellar inlcusions in spinels from Morogoro area, Tanzania" by K.Schmetzer and A. Berger, Journal of Gemmology, 1992, 23,2 - "An examination of colour change sapphire from Tanzania", by R.C. Kammerling, M.L.Johnson, Y.Liu, The Australian Gemmologist, Second Quarter 1996 - "A new colour change effect" by A.Halvorsen and B.B. Jensen, Journal of Gemmology, 1997, 25, 5, 325-330 - "Sapphire and garnet from Kalalani, Tanga province, Tanzania", by A. Siefert and J. Hyrsl, Gems & Gemology, Summer 1999 - "Chemical fingerprinting of some East African gem rubies by Laser Ablation ICP-MS" by A.H. Rankin, J.Greenwood, and D. Hardgreaves, Journal of Gemmology, 2003, 28,8,473-482 - "The ICA 2006 World Colored Gemstone Mining Report", InColor Spring 2006. - "My road to the discovery of Tsavorite" by C. Bridges, from "Into East Africa, a Journey to the Source", InColor 2007 - "Tanzanite: Its discovery and early days" by J. Saul, from "Into East Africa, a Journey to the Source", InColor 2007 "Gems News" and other "Gem News International" from Gems & Gemology : (To be completed...) - "Tanzanian spinel", Gems & Gemology, Fall 1991, p183 (about Mahenge spinels) - "Update from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Fall 1991, p183 (about Longido ruby) - "Large Tsavorite garnet from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Winter 1991, p258-259 - "Update on Tanzanian mining", Gems & Gemology, Winter 1991, p262 (about Tanzanite at Merelani) - "Faceted ruby from Longido", Gems & Gemology, Fall 1992, p203 - "Ruby mining near Mahenge, Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Summer 1993, p136 - "Sapphires from Tanzania" Gems & Gemology, Spring 1995, p64-66 - "Sapphires and other gems from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Summer1995, p133-134 - "Update on Tanzanite mining", Gems & Gemology, Summer 1996, p135 (about Tanzanite at Merelani) - "A new source for Tsavorite", Gems & Gemology, Summer 1999, p151-152 (about Ruangwa) - "Ruby from Songea, Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Winter 1999, p215 - "Another source of bicolor sapphire, Tunduru, Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Winter 1999, p215 - "Update on Tanzanite mining by AFGEM", Gems & Gemology, Winter 2003, p337-339 - "Large tsavorite and green grossular from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Spring 2004, p72-73 - "Pink to pink orange spinels from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Spring 2004, p71-72 - "Control on Mineralization in Bloc D' of the Merelani Tazanite Deposit, Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Fall 2006 - "Geology and Mining of Southern Tanzanian Alluvial Gem Deposits", Gems & Gemology, Fall 2006, p107 - "Transparent dumortierite and sapphirine from Tanzania", Gems & Gemology, Winter 2007, p379 Maps: - "Central Tanzanian tectonic map: A step forward to decipher Proterozoic structural events in the East African Orogen". Authors: H. Fritz, V. Tenczer, C.A. Hauzenberger, E. Wallbrecher, G. Hoinkes, S. Muhongo, A. Mogessie. Source: Tectonics, 24, TC6013, pp. 26. Published Year: 2005 - "Geology and Gemstones Deposits of East Africa", Y. Deschamps, et al. (2004), BRGM - Regional geological map: by J.K. Whittingham, Scale of 1:125'000, Quarter Degree Sheet 198, Geological Survey of Tanganyika, 1954. Recommended Books:
The Author at Winza, April 2008. Photo by Jean Baptiste Senoble
Hoping that you have appreciated this visit to Winza and inside Winza gems.
All the best,
Vincent Pardieu, Feb. 2009
(This page was last edited on Feb 12, 2009)
To translate this page into your language: click on your language flag on the Babel fish icon Nevertheless please understand that the translation might be incorrect as this translation tool is far to be perfect:
Important Note: Vincent Pardieu is an employee of GIA (Gemological Institute of America) Laboratory Bangkok since Dec 2008. Any views expressed on this website - and in particular any views expressed by Vincent Pardieu - are the authors' opinions and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of GIA or GIA Laboratory Bangkok. GIA takes no responsibility and assumes no liability for any content on this website nor is GIA liable for any mistakes or omissions you may encounter. GIA is in particular not screening, editing or monitoring the content on this website and has no possibility to remove, screen or edit any content.


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Lonely Planet Publications is one of the largest travel guidebook publishers in the world. It was the first popular series of travel books aimed at backpackers and other low-cost travelers. As of 2008, it published about 500 titles in 8 languages, with annual sales of more than six million guidebooks, as well as TV programs, a magazine, podcasts and websites.
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I have a shirt that says namaste bitches. I got it from the yoga studio I practice at as a treat for going 4 times a week last month. The saying might be the greatest thing ever. There is nothing like using a chill as fuck reference like namaste with the word bitches. Great words.
Out shopping in Eugene we stopped on the stairs and with the buddhas to take some quick shots. Funny enough this is right by where we went to dinner the night before! I had to get some shampoo/conditioner from the Aveda salon because I packed like a bag of douches. Like seriously. Did I look at the weather report closely? Did I pack everything. Nope and Nope. But I left plenty of room for shopping! Ended up going to Buffalo Exchange and St. Vincent DePauls Thrift and got some great finds.
Tim looks way zen. Namaste Tim. Namaste.
~Outfit Details~
Shirt: TENDEN | Check out more like it HERE
Shorts: Cut off from Thrifted Pants | Hope's Outlet
Shoes: Kustom | Big Island Hawaii
Belt: Thrifted | Shelby's Place


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Once Upon a Time S02E09: "Queen of Hearts"
What an episode! You know, every so often (mid-season and season finales, bascially) this show gives us a one-two punch of forward momentum and emotional justice, and that's what we got with "Queen of Hearts." All the wallowing and flailing and time-wasting was set aside and things went off! We got all the characters in one dimension (except Mulan and Aurora, who pfft do not count)! We also got a lot more dimensions out of our characters. For example, did you know Captain Hook wears crushed velvet and beats women?
I could not believe Belle's thigh-bearing dress slit or her scribbled scratch-calendar all over the walls. Like, how many months had she been there? Did Regina DEMAND she wear a cocktail dress in captivity? But before I could get done asking a Tumblr's worth of questions about her situation, she got socked in the face by Captain Hook. Annnnnd I'm done. I know we all agreed he was a sexy minx before, but the minute you punch a woman in the face I am done with you sir. Forever. DO YOU HEAR ME CHRIS BROWN? Ahem.
The sartorial surprises had only begun with Regina reappearing in her Evil Queen garb looking truly more ridiculous than ever. That hair! That flock-of-seagulls-meets-Grace-Jones'-flat-top updo!! How many empty cans of hairspray were rolling around the floor of the wig styler when the OUAT hair team put that together? It was a thing of beauty. I was so distracted by her hair I honestly didn't hear a word that came out of her mouth, except of course for the thing about Hook going to Wonderland to kill her mom or whatever.
A lot of you brilliant, brilliant commenters guessed that Cora was the Queen of Hearts weeks ago, and I bow to your deductive skills. Also I really enjoyed going back to that over-the-top Masqued Realm. After all, Cora's advice to Regina on how to be Queen, it was interesting seeing her take on it: totalitarianism, matchy-matchy red velvet everything, and rubber floor tiles not unlike what you'd find on the floor of a children's indoor obstacle course. (Think just outside the ball pit of Chuck E. Cheese's.)
Cora instead enlisted Hook to help her fake being a corpse when they returned to FTL. (You'd think this plan would fail the moment Regian asked to see her mother's heart or noticed she was breathing and warm, but whatever. Cora found a way around it. I don't know if you've noticed, but Cora is practically omnipotent: Not only did she create a biodome, protecting a square of FTL from the Storybrooke curse, but she spelled out the entire first season of OUAT to Hook like Miss Cleo. I get that she's magic, but 28 years this and savior that and it's like, are you clairavoyant? Where are you getting this? Oh yes, it's in the script.
Anyway, the most notable thing about the scene where Cora swore up and down that she had to basically kill her mother because she loved her so much (just like her dad!) was the headgear on Regina. Good gracious, being evil plays hell with your fashion instincts. I know it was a throwback to the original Disney Evil Queen, that perfect Marlene Dietrich cartoon whose marvelous lips Lana Parrilla is a perfect match for. Didn't make it any less weird.
Meanwhile, in Storybrooke, villains were doing what they do best: plotting how to kill all the main characters. Nice that Regina was at first sort of against it but Mr. Gold quickly talked her into making the long hike up to the ole Wishin' Well and slamming the portal betwixt worlds closed via green lightning. They did so by stealing all the magic from the diamonds, although if fairies can do that, why do dwarves bother grinding the diamonds into magic dust? Shhh brain, shhh, we're watching OUAT. I don't need you right now.
In FTL, Aurora, Mulan, Snow, and Emma frantically searched for ink and found a dry inkwell and a scroll with a buch of mediocre calligraphy. Cue Cora entering, grandstanding about her fine plans, and locking them into a prison cell with some of the widest-spaced bars on any prison door in the world. Look at those bars—there's no way one of them could wriggle through? Take off those shoulder pads and get to it, Mulan, we all know you only weigh 98 pounds.
Emma had one of her Reluctant Heroine moments before Snow remembered seeing Cora do magic and spellbooks and blew on the sheet and the ink opened the cell (I got very confused, as I thought the special squid ink was meant to open a portal, not dissolve big ol' prison bars, but I'm not here to dissect glitter.)
Meanwhile in Fairy Tale Land, Henry followed Not-so-Nice Regina and Mr. Gold and gave an impassioned speech and then legit rassled with Regina (he's getting so big now, poor Lana Parrilla was S.T.Rugglin' to restrain him). Then of course came the big speech about good and evil. Such a character moment! Um, here's a question: Regina's a sociopath, right? She's killed hundreds of characters outright. Like, if she has the emotional capacity to start feeling bad about it, shouldn't she pretty much go insane? Eh, whatever. After 28 years of wearing pantsuits, administering as mayor, and reading a fair share of help books, she must have figured out how to deal with that baggage.
The newly freed lady warriors took off after Cora (after they hilariously tied up Aurora) and had a long and tedious fight around a CGI wading pool. Hook did a lot more of what he apparently does best: hand-to-hand combat with women. And then Cora almost ripped out Snow's heart, but Emma got in front of Cora's hand like it was a bullet and took a heart-squeezin' for her mom.
In a well-plotted move, Emma's heart blasted Cora as though she'd stuck a fork in a toaster and we got the sense that being the Savior has a little more to it than just kissing foreheads. Which, nice, something to build on in the mid-season finale, since we certainly won't see anything groundbreaking between now and the end of the season. If I were to come five years late to this party, I would only watch season premieres and mid-season and season finales and save myself a lot of strain on my eye-rolling muscles. You would be able to catch up no problem, is the sad thing.
So Reluctant Heroine Regina back in Storybrooke took a sh*tload of lightning so Henry would love her and Snow and Emma crawled out of a well somehow (don't ask, shhh don't ask) and finally, finally everybody was reunited. Ruby woke up from her concussion in a timely manner, and then everyone went down to the old Pawn Shop to wake up David.
Getting old, you two, but whatever. Gold gave Emma a pep talk about her abilities coming from her, not him, which was whatever, but it did make me laugh that they had this long, drawn-out conversation and then when they walked back into the room Snow and Charming were still making out on the cot while the dwarves looked on. Like what? Were they just writhing around in bed as everyone beamed at them and listened to the lip-smacks?
We were then made to feel bad about Henry abandoning Regina after only giving her one hug, and to a large degree I do think Henry is effed up in the way he interchangeably calls the woman who raised him and the woman he's known for, oh, three months "Mom" when it emotionally effects them the most. He manipulates Regina, which is very sad, yet at the same time should we really feel bad for a sociopath whose bodycount is on a par with that of a third-world dictator? I'm conflicted.
So the "good guys" walked, like they do, through the middle of the town's single street (gas stopped being delivered weeks ago, I guess) for all-you-can-eat burgers at Granny's, and then of course the show had to complement a giant leap forward with a burgeoning conflict, showing Hook and Cora on a boat headed toward Our World.
Won't they both be disappointed by the clothes?! Or are they going to be marching in and out of city offices and coffee shops in their crushed-velvet capes? That would be pretty great.
I would be remiss if I didn't mention the craziest part of this whole episode: Mulan just put Aurora's heart straight back into her chest. At first I thought they'd just carry it with them or she'd end up, I don't know, swallowing it, but it was much easier that all that. While taking a heart out means having access to magic, putting it back in, eh, it just takes a good shove. Maybe wash your hands first? Not essential. Just hope all the ventricles are lined up and smack it in there!
For a moment I thought Aurora was going to literally drop dead but luckily she was okay and rewarded Mulan's loyalty with the news it was time to find Philip! Fingers crossed by the time they do they are in a hardcore, loving lesbian relationship. Anyone down to 'ship Mulora with me?
This week's ratings:
Product Placement: Nicely done! We got in a reinforcement of the Evil Queen brand. Three stars!
Character Development: Sorry but I absolutely hate that Hook punches ladies in the face. I hate that it happened on TV on a family show, even if it is the action of a villain. I also wanted to believe he would be a romantic interest for Emma, and the show ruined that idea with the punch. One star.
Razzle Dazzle: Pretty entertaining and yet more than a little confusing. There was some fudging, plot-wise, that was sort of distracting in places, so I can only give this four stars.
Annoying References to Bigger Story: Actually the tie-in to Wonderland was nicely done. Possibly it's one of three or four twists the writers planned out before writing anything. Or they just got lucky in looping back to something they'd deliberately kept veiled so they could keep it as a free space into which they could tuck any character. Five stars!
So, 13 stars, not bad! But what did YOU think of the episode?
1. How do you feel about Nice Regina? Should we feel sympathetic toward a mass murderer?
2. Is Henry a jerk a lot of the time?
3. Are we supposed to believe Emma naturally has really long lashes, or do we just assume her character is able to apply false ones even when strolling around another dimension?
4. Regina's hair: Would you dare wear that style?
5. What will Cora and Hook do when they land? Open confrontation or sneak into Storybrooke?


text:
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WatchLarry Crowne (2011)
Director: Tom Hanks
Production Co:Universal Pictures, Vendome Pictures, Playtone Productions
Country: USA
Duration: 98 Min
Quality: HD
Release: 01 Jul 2011
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Lakeland, FL - The Lakeland Fire Department (LFD) is excited to announce that it will be accepting applications to fill vacant firefighter positions starting September 30, 2016 through October 15, 2016. The firefighters to be hired will fill positions created by recent promotions and retirements. At minimum, ten firefighters will be hired.
The Lakeland Fire Department offers competitive pay and benefits, extensive professional development, and is an established public safety leader in the region. As a result, it is a highly desirable fire department to work for, often receiving hundreds of applications in a short window of time when vacancies are opened.
More information about necessary qualifications, how to apply, and pay and benefits is available at lakelandgov.net/lfd. An employment brochure and a 25-minute video production "Fully Involved: What it means to be a Lakeland Firefighter" is also available at the Lakeland Fire Department website to provide prospective applicants more information about why they should apply.
Qualified applicants are encouraged to apply at lakelandgov.net/employmentservices.
Applications are only accepted online. Diverse applicants representative of Lakeland's community, that meet the firefighter employment requirements, are strongly encouraged to apply.
LFD utilizes the National Testing Network (NTN) and requires a Candidate Physical Abilities Test (CPAT) of all applicants. The City of Lakeland is a drug-free work place and an equal opportunity employer.
More about the Lakeland Fire Department:
Established in 1916, the Lakeland Fire Department has a rich history and celebrated its centennial as a career fire department in August 2016. The department has seven stations serving approximately 100,000 people in the City of Lakeland. The department has 170 employees, of which 150 are emergency response personnel. In 2015, the department responded to over 22,000 service calls in its 84 square-mile response area, which includes the city limits as well as portions of unincorporated Lakeland.
The department offers a wide range of services which includes heavy rescue, technical rescue, fire prevention, fire code enforcement, fire investigation, aircraft rescue and firefighting, and in-house fleet maintenance; all in addition to fire suppression and emergency medical response. The Lakeland Fire Department is also passionate about being an active participant in its community and consistently giving back through philanthropic efforts and through non-emergency services such as community outreach and preventative public education.
Janel Vasallo, MPH | Public Relations / Information Manager | Lakeland Fire Department | 863/834-8219
We will be handing out citizen awards and then Sgt. Strong will be giving an overview on Internal Affairs.
Date: September 19th, 2016
Time: 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Location: Lakeland Police Department, 2nd Floor Community Room
Media inquiries should be directed to (863) 583-2357
LAKELAND, FL (September 14, 2016) - The Simpson Park Community Center (1725 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue) will host a FREE Lakeland Health and Wellness Fair on September 24th from 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. All ages are invited. There will be health information for men and women including FREE health screenings and FREE food.
Health professionals from Lakeland Regional Health and Keiser University on hand who will lead workshops on healthy living topics that include:
The Lakeland Health and Wellness Fair is sponsored by Lakeland Regional Health, Coca-Cola, Keiser University and the City of Lakeland. Participants at the health fair can learn more about how to live a healthy lifestyle that includes regular check-ups, health screenings and regular exercise.
Following the milling, the road will be resurfaced, the week of September 26, 2016. We expect the project to be complete in two weeks but weather may impact the time schedule. Message boards will be placed beginning September 12, 2016 to provide advance notification.
Lincoln Avenue Sidewalk
City of Lakeland crews are constructing a new sidewalk on the east side of Lincoln Avenue from Beacon Road to Ariana Street. Drainage improvements will commence on Lincoln Avenue from Roberts Street to Leyte Street. While periodic lane closures are necessary during construction, we will make every attempt to minimize delays. Anticipated completion date for this project is December 2016.
Clarendon Avenue Sidewalk Repair
Crews are repairing sidewalk on Clarendon Avenue. No delays are expected, however, the presence of construction equipment and personnel will require motorists and pedestrians to use caution. Anticipated completion date for this project is early September 2016.
Crystal Lake Drive Bike Lane and Sidewalk
The eastbound lane of Crystal Lake Drive from New Jersey Road to Bartow Road continues to be closed. Bike lane and sidewalk construction is in progress and expected to be complete in December.


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8 hours ago
02 November, 2009
2 comments:
Hey Raynor! How have you been. Thanks for this post. This place is so close to my office but havent tried it to date. Will definitely have to soon!
- Mon Nov 16, 02:05:00 PM 2009
- His Food Blog said...
Hi Steph,
Yes you should. I think SSB is doing pretty well and business has been excellent.
Better call for reservation too!
- Mon Nov 16, 04:09:00 PM 2009
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
His Food Blog Popular Posts
The leading ambassador of Sichuan cuisine, Si Chuan Dou Hua is set to tantalise your taste buds with their tongue-numbing " The Petites Sel...
Click here for Day 1 Part 1 After a hearty breakfast, we made our way back to the house for a quick shower and a change of clothes. With a ...
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O´neill Wetsuits Psychofreak Zen Zip SSW 5/4 mm
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Items sent and not collected at the Post Office and that is sent back to me will have to pay postage again
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Crash! Landen's Worst 10 Movies of 1991
And I guess the list reminds… I guess I need to go see the Nightmare On Elm Street remake… From all the negative reviews, maybe it'll make my 2010 Worst List….
This entry was posted on May 1, 2010 at 6:34 PM and is filed under Lists with tags 1991, Best of, Bruce Willis, Cool As Ice, Damon Wayans, Dan Akroyd, Delirious, Demi Moore, Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead, Dying Young, Eve Of Destruction, Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare, Harley Davidson And The Marlboro MAn, Hulk Hogan, If Looks Could Kill, John Candy, Johnny Depp, Lisa Zane, Meet the Applegates, Necessary Roughness, Nothing But Trouble, Problem Child 2, Richard Grieco, Sleeping with the Enemy, Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, Suburban Commando, Sylvester Stallone, The Last Boy Scout, Top 10, Vanilla Ice, Wayans Brothers, Worst 10, Yaphet Kotto. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Hi, One way that comes to mind is to do anything (at all) in the Admin webapp, then click its "commit changes" button. This seems like a workaround, but I've used it in the past anyways because usually after deploying a new host I need to tweak some of its configuration... Yoav On 12/4/05, George Sexton <email@example.com> wrote: > After one has used the host manager to deploy a new host, how do you force a > save of the server.xml so that when Tomcat is re-started the host is still > there? > > George Sexton > MH Software, Inc. > http://www.mhsoftware.com/ > Voice: 303 438 9585 > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com > > -- Yoav Shapira System Design and Management Fellow MIT Sloan School of Management Cambridge, MA, USA email@example.com / www.yoavshapira.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Transformers: The Last Knight
June 24th - Transformers: The Last Knight Fan Appreciation Night
Free Collector's t-shirt to the first 100 people
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The Last Knight shatters the core myths of the Transformers franchise, and redefines what it means to be a hero. Humans and Transformers are at war, Optimus Prime is gone. The key to saving our future lies buried in the secrets of the past, in the hidden history of Transformers on Earth. Saving our world falls upon the shoulders of an unlikely alliance: Cade Yeager; Bumblebee; an English Lord; and an Oxford Professor.
There comes a moment in everyone's life when we are called upon to make a difference. In Transformers: The Last Knight, the hunted will become heroes. Heroes will become villains. Only one world will survive: theirs, or ours.
Starring: Mark Wahlberg, Anthony Hopkins, Josh Duhamel, Laura Haddock
Directed by: Michael Bay
In Theatres:Jun 21, 2017
Genre: Action / Adventure
Duration: 148 min
Notes:NO PASSES accepted until July 7
Consumer Advice:(BC/SK) Coarse language, violence. (AB) Violence, frightening scenes, not recommended for young children. (MB) Not recommended for young children, violence, language may offend.
Related Videos
Showtimes & Movie Tickets
Movies and showtimes are updated for online ticket purchase each Wednesday morning for the upcoming week (Friday to Thursday).


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The government's National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), published in draft in 2011 and in final form in 2012, requires us to have in place a wide-ranging plan for the district. Most of our neighbouring authorities are now well advanced with their plans and have consulted their residents (voters) on published drafts which contain their proposed policies and a good deal of detail. The NPPF requires that this be done:
'Local Plans are the key to delivering sustainable development that reflects the vision and aspirations of local communities';
'Early and meaningful engagement and collaboration with neighbourhoods, local organisations and businesses is essential'.
SHDC expects to have a fifteen-year plan in place by the end of 2016, but is making only slow progress and the South Hams Society is concerned at the very limited amount of time that will be available for meaningful consultation if that target date were actually to be met. The only consultation so far has been on headings rather than content. The comments that the Society submitted on it are here.
To get the debate started the Society has drafted its own entirely unofficial vision, together with some of the measures that it thinks will be needed (both in the black section below). Local organisations and residents are invited to submit comments and suggestions for inclusion on this page. They should be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com and should show the name of the sender.
A Vision for the South Hams in 2031
In 2031 the South Hams will be a place in which genuinely sustainable development has improved the lives of its current residents while protecting its natural assets for future generations. A prosperous economy, strong communities and an outstanding visitor experience will sustain its culture, wildlife and unique landscape.
We will see the following outcomes:
A more prosperous economy
A more prosperous economy will have been fostered by good transport and communications and an excellent quality of life which will have attracted highly-qualified entrepreneurs to the area.
More land will be farmed with a strong focus on sustainable, low energy methods. Local produce will be celebrated and widely available. Fishing, shell fish farming and low-impact marine businesses will thrive in Dartmouth, Salcombe and other coastal communities.
More vibrant communities
People living in the South Hams will have been able to find work with an adequate income and high quality accommodation within a short journey to work. Town high streets and local shops will be supported by good facilities for car parking and access by public transport, cycling and walking.
More effective town and parish councils, which will be the predominant influence in shaping communities. This will be assisted by de-centralising services and decisions from the district council to town and parish councils where possible.
Carbon reduction
Emissions will have been reduced by greatly enhanced public transport between Plymouth, Torbay and South Hams towns and outlying communities, and by measures to encourage walking, the use of bicycles and the use of environmentally friendly vehicles.
The district will be producing its full share of energy from renewable sources, from a variety of installations which are accepted by adjacent communities, show a net public benefit and do not harm appreciation of the landscape in the AONB. The district will have benefited from welcoming innovative methods of generation which meet these requirements.
An improved natural environment
The beauty and wildlife of the South Devon will have been improved to attract visitors seeking outstanding landscapes which remain more natural and unspoiled than is available elsewhere. Water quality in rivers and on beaches will be of the highest standard. The movement to Green Tourism will have grown and tourists will be encouraged to participate in local activities with low environmental impact.
In many cases these are outside the control of the district council, so will be matters on which it has to obtain a result from the County Authority, central government or some other body.
Council-led drive for fast broadband using support from all local community groups.
Policies to protect agricultural land from development or non-agricultural use.
Policies to concentrate heavy vehicular transport in areas close to the A38.
Compulsory purchase of derelict brownfield sites after safeguards to the owner.
50% of new housing developments over ten units to be either affordable and restricted to local residents or to provide sites for self-build.
Planning applications to be firstly made to the town or parish council which will forward the proposal to the district council with its comments.
Parish-led suggestions for housing to be fast-tracked.
All developers' schemes above a certain size to be subject to an independent viability assessment, with findings published.
Carbon reduction
Extend the network of footpaths and cycleways, particularly where useful for journeys to work or school.
Impose an area-wide speed limit of 40 mph on all local roads in rural areas and 20 mph in towns and villages. Police it effectively.
Council car parks to have a scheme for refunding fees when shopping in the high street.
District council to secure improved frequency of bus services and reduce interchange waiting times.
All developments in rural areas including those used for farming to produce a justification for usage and a landscape impact statement.
Controls to prevent agricultural practices which cause soil erosion into watercourses.
Strengthened monitoring of watercourses and enforcement to prevent pollution.
Chris Klee writes:
Under A Vision for the South Hams in 2031,,,,,,A more prosperous economy, second para...