text:
Consulta esta foto de Instagram de @razminaite • 253 Me gusta
Half mandala temporary tattoo henna style por Tattoorary en Etsy
Olivia Fayne Tattoo! Pretty pretty pretty
mandala tattoos More
Simple wrist henna design
Artist: @remybarbeoch
The symbol is a unalome, a representation of the journey to reach enlightenment. The path starts in the centre of the spiral, and as you continue up or down this path you are wandering, becoming more conscious of your surroundings. When you reach the top of the symbol (the straight line), you have reached enlightenment. Everyone's path is full of twists and turns, life isn't just one straight line #unalome #unalometattoo
Image result for sternum geometric tattoo More
Afficher l'image d'origine

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Operating Room/Ambulatory Care/MedSurg opening in Thermopolis, Wyoming. This and other rn jobs brought... to you by NursingJobCafe. trustaff is currently seeking an experienced OR Registered Nurse for a 13-week travel contract. The Operating Room......Job Location: Thermopolis, WY
Selected articles on work and employment, which may be found interesting:5 tips for those who still don't have work experience
Find more articles on Articles page


text:
Abc sports and fitness volleyball
The Siemens portfolio for picture primarily based remedy options enables affected person centered remedy planning and supply. The Minister also has the authority to determine a provincial surgical registry to help handle surgical wait instances (section 12). It is extensively known that breakfast is without doubt one of the most necessary meals of the day. Foods that take longer to digest additionally hold you fuller longer. It is usually probably the most delicious meals you'll be able to eat. Adults should get 20 to 35 of their energy from fat, in line with the 2010 Dietary Pointers for Individuals. Rao, M. Slightly than blaming know-how for rising costs, we must ask if ethical abc sports and fitness volleyball and a lack of abc sports and fitness volleyball in nationwide well being-care spending allows well being-care companies to avoid the forces that make nonmedical technology so aggressive. You possibly can apply Ayurvedic principles to your life to carry current imbalances into alignment with your original structure. New York, Neal-Schumann Publishers, c2004. In its personal twisted approach, this makes sense: ethical hazard, driven by insurance, for years allowed providers to create enough demand to maintain new MRI machines buzzing at any value. You're getting into right into a business relationship so feeling confident earlier than parting along with your cash is crucial. Conversely, we sometimes see a digital camera which doesn't achieve as excessive a score, however introduces some very useful expertise or in any other case provides up to a much better camera than the score would point out. Wholesome Steps Hen Pro is a multi-device for cooked and rotisserie hen. However Michal Ruminski, head of Warsaw-based EEC Ventures, is optimistic that renewables . is a brilliant, inspiring, and trusted on-line useful resource. Each of those actions enhance a physique cleanse and can assist you cleanse sooner. Most people who get Sjogren's syndrome are older than forty. As a result of he did not request a evaluate, the summary suspension became a Revocation on 12 November 2015. The ambition can also be to get extra people to use barley in meals, for example in salads, soups, stews, or as a substitute for rice or potatoes. A custom made web page can promote your brand and increase gross sales. After a breakout performance at the Isle of Wight pageant in 1970, the trio signed with Atlantic Information' Ahmet Ertegun; 37 years later, Emerson and other prog all-stars abc sports and fitness volleyball open for Led Zeppelin on the Ertegun tribute concert at London's O2 Arena. Beneath are few of its salient options. In addition to helping to move toxins abc sports and fitness volleyball impurities away from the pores and skin, it additionally carries nutritional vitamins and minerals into peak expiratory flow rate fitness cells. And finally peppermint dietary supplements can assist with irritable bowel syndrome. It not solely gives new insights into the biological mechanisms that delay life part time mental health jobs columbia sc in addition exhibits how social relationships reduce health danger in every stage of life. If you're eligible to take part, it's possible you'll be contacted by a nurse or study coordinator. You have to eat all kinds of food, all in moderation and in the precise steadiness. Restrict trans fat (present in stick margarine, business baked goods, snack and fried foods) to lower than 1 of whole energy. Apartment atl fitness center 3: There are two login steps as a way to renew on-line: 1. In war veterans who've tried different therapies and failed, MDMA mixed with psychotherapy may help by quieting the amygdala (the lizard mind responsible for processing fear) and activate the frontal cortex (the place contextualization happens). So now we must try to reverse this state of affairs to limit these autoimmune diseases. Dependents and children aren't accountable for paying taxes, whereas excessive-earnings earners must pay greater than low-income earners. The lengthy, stable observe report has prompted many individuals so abc sports and fitness volleyball to add a ginseng complement to their food plan. It is no wonder why many of us feel so caught on the subject of our health. Different native mother and father who've delivered very premature babies extra lately said they have been pleased with how their doctors handled the troublesome discussion. A few of the protein wealthy foods are yogurt, nuts, beans, cheese and more. Proof of entitlement could be a visa, a letter from House Workplace, a letter from an employer, or an authorised type, such as the A1 or S1. They obviously confronted abc sports and fitness volleyball and challenges in life. This multidisciplinary meeting will carry together main Irish and UK well being care professionals with a world school of oncology and urology specialists. Though he is now coming muscle and fitness august 2004 a stint as president of Rockefeller Abc sports and fitness volleyball in New York starting in 2011, his business connections are in depth. The system gives ample reward for overtreatment and no reward best fitness and nutrition apps 2017 eliminating it. Possibly the guy is just forward of his time. Being obese can lead to severe well being issues, comparable to sort 2 diabetes and coronary heart illness. Coverage might take up to per week to look. However, far too many people are harm by the current day medical insurance and health care system for us to simply throw up our fingers and abc sports and fitness volleyball nothing. Nonetheless, if we aren't versatile our movement decreases and joints change into stiff. Massachusetts Common Hospital (MGH) Collaboration: Suffolk University students can go to the MGH Medical Walk-In Unit during the academic year for pressing care services when the CHW well being clinic is closed. For example, exposure to too much chilly or warmth is stressful. Nevertheless, some present well being articles have additionally mentioned that overweight people lose their connection with their bodies to the point that they don't seem to be actually sure whether they're absolutely glad with the amount of food they've taken or not.More...
Comments:12.02.2013 at 04:53 Kazigami:
I am sorry, that has interfered... I understand this question. It is possible to discuss. Write here or in PM.
20.02.2013 at 12:02 Tauk:
Certainly. I join told all above. Let's discuss this question. Here or in PM.
28.02.2013 at 06:30 Gardam:
Excuse for that I interfere … I understand this question. Let's discuss.
06.03.2013 at 22:25 Sagul:
Yes, I understand you. In it something is also thought excellent, agree with you.
11.03.2013 at 04:59 Moogulmaran:
In my opinion, it is actual, I will take part in discussion.
17.03.2013 at 03:01 Voodoogis:
I will know, many thanks for the help in this question.
21.03.2013 at 11:15 Tygozuru:
This remarkable idea is necessary just by the way
28.03.2013 at 07:36 Dotaxe:
I think, that you commit an error. Let's discuss. Write to me in PM, we will talk.
30.03.2013 at 19:50 Neran:
Yes, really. I join told all above. Let's discuss this question.
04.04.2013 at 02:13 Zulumuro:
Your opinion, this your opinion


text:
Search 321,000 hotels worldwide.
Get the price guarantee available for your trip.
No Expedia cancellation fee to change or cancel almost any hotel reservation.
Next to Gallerie Mall, awesome location, room are so clean you can sleep on the floor.. no kidding
Great hotel, location is good if you are calling on the business around there, make sure you have a rental (you cannot walk to any restaurants, gas station, convience store, etc...), I did not pay for the $5 a day wifi used the free one (it really was horrible)
Let me first say Embassy suites will usually always be the most bang for your buck especially when you travel with kids. Each room at every embassy suites is a "2 room" suite. Basically there is a master bedroom with a door and then a separAte sitting area. I have always stayed at embassy suites ...
My daughter and I had a recent overnight stay in Houston. We were delighted with how beautiful Sara's Inn is and how accommodating the entire staff was. We would definitely stay here again.
My husband and I stayed in this hotel for our anniversary weekend. We were upset the first night because the neighbors were super loud. It made the walls seem pretty thin. Upon reviewing the hotel through Expedia after checking in and stating my concerns there, the hotel management replied to me ...
Close to dining, shopping, Discovery Green park area, the Convention Center, walking distance to Minute Maid Park. Free full hot breakfast daily, free cocktails and snacks every evening from 5-7pm. Great service, great location!
The front desk was very friendly. The breakfast staff not so much. Very slow service to get pancakes and bacon in buffet. The pool was not very clean. The room was fine and the location good... we walked only across the parking lot to get to the Galleria.
My room was not ready when I checked in at around 11:30am. I understand because the check in time is 3pm. The hotel staff asked for my cell phone number so that she could text me when the room is ready. I went to do about my business and waited until about 5:30 pm. There was no message on my phone ...
My only complaint was this was my 2nd time staying at this hotel where they couldn't accommodate a King size bed request, even though it was in the original reservation. That needs to be corrected for customer satisfaction. Also, the new room service is bringing you your order in to go boxes and ...
The hotel is very new, it was comfortable but the room had a smell tyo it which may be due to the recent finish or due to something they sprayed in the room.
Don't empty out your piggy bank during your next trip to Houston, Texas.
Houston is brimming with free and low-cost attractions to help keep your Texas adventures within your budget.
Explore the fascinating exhibits at the Menil Collection, which boasts art work ranging from the Paleolithic era to modern day, and hit the trails at the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. During your stay, take a peek at Houston's only outdoor museum, the Heritage Society Museum, and don't miss the 64-foot Water Wall, located near the Williams Tower. After marveling at the masterpieces at the Contemporary Arts Museum and checking out the bat colony from the Waugh Drive Bridge, retreat to one of the budget-friendly 3-star hotels in Houston, TX.
Here at Expedia.com, we understand the importance of sticking to your price range during your travels. We offer a Best Price Guarantee, which means you'll score the cheapest deals on 3-star hotels in Houston. Check out our selection of 3-star lodging and find accommodations with on-site restaurants, fitness rooms, business centers, and more. Once you've booked your accommodations, don't miss our cheap flights to Houston, which further help to keep your budget intact.


text:
Condo & Townhome Rentals in Lake Placid
Condos are located close to downtown Lake Placid, and can offer wonderful amenities that would otherwise only be found at a hotel. Walk to dinner, and don't worry about driving or finding a parking spot. Explore all of Lake Placid's attractions, and never be too far away from the conveniences of home. Relax on your private balcony overlooking Mirror Lake and downtown Lake Placid, and stay warm at night with a private wood-burning fireplace. Condos and townhouses offer everything you could need for your vacation in Lake Placid. Find the perfect rental and book your dream vacation today!
Find Your Perfect Rental in the Heart of the Adirondacks
If you're looking for something with a bit more space, explore our single-family home rentals. Merrill L. Thomas also specializes in premier properties and waterfront rentals throughout Lake Placid and Saranac Lake.
Browse All of Lake Placid's Condos for Rent
Whether you are hoping to rent a condo right off Main St., or one a little more isolated from downtown Lake Placid, Merrill L. Thomas, Inc. has the perfect vacation rental for you. Browse our available condos and town homes, and book your Lake Placid vacation today!
Featured Townhomes & Condos Rentals
These two and three bedroom units offer views of Mirror Lake and are within walking distance of the public beach, shops and restaurants. Each individual unit is tastefully decorated and features a fireplace, balcony and central air-conditionining.
Mirror Lake Attached Lodges: Beaver 1, Beaver 3, Chipmunk 1, Raccoon 4, Raccoon 5
These three and four bedroom units are located just 3/4 mile from the Olympic Skating Oval on Main Street and just a quick walk away from two restaurants. Each unit features three levels of living space, private balconies and are affordably priced.
3 bedroom Pinehill Units: Unit 3, Unit 7, Unit 10, Unit 15, Unit 18, Unit 23, Unit 32, Unit 39
Waterfront living at its finest! Located on the Paradox Bay area of Lake Placid lake, Edge of the Lake condominiums are walking distance to downtown Lake Placid and offer views of the bay, a sandy beach area and use of a community canoe. Each unit features beautiful Adirondack craftsmanship, high end furnishings, and central air-conditioning.
Edge of the Lake 2 bedroom units: Edge B,
Pine Lodge Condos are located off of Hillcrest Avenue - just walk down the hill and you are at Main Street Lake Placid. These well appointed units are not only conveniently located but offer modern amenities at a reasonable price.
Pine Lodge Units: Comet Place, Pine Lodge 8, Pine Lodge 9
Centrally located units overlooking Lake Placid lake and across from Mirror Lake. Walk to town!
2 Bedroom Harbor Units: Bldg I, Unit 26, Bldg II, Unit 17; Bldg III, Unit 5
3 Bedroom Harbor Units: Bldg I, Unit 34; Bldg II, Unit 21, Bldg III, Unit 10
Morningside Townhouses are located within an easy walk to Main Street in Lake Placid. The public beach, tennis courts, Olympic Arena, and many unique shops and restaurants are all located within two blocks of the townhouses. Modern amenities, cathedral ceilings and central air-conditioning are a few features of these units.
Swiss Road Condominiums offer Adirondack luxury, stunning views, many amenities and all the comforts of home.
With access to the High Peaks Resort pools (both indoor and outdoor), the beach across the street, health club, hot tubs and fabulous views, these townhouses offer fun for all!
Victor Herbert Condos are Adirondack-style condominiums within walking distance to the village shops, restaurants and both Lake Placid and Mirror Lake.


text:
The level of commitment and dedication it takes to achieve and maintain a high level of fitness is beyond what some people think they're capable of. At the same time, millions of other people are discovering that anyone is capable of becoming more physically fit. By altering your daily routine in a few ways, you can get fit and live the life you have always wanted.
Making your fitness routine revolve around a personal goal can act as a strong motivator to keep at it. This makes you want to beat each goal or record instead of being concerned about the difficulty to do so. Goals can also keep you working steadily if you think of them as part of a continuing process, in which you'll always have something to strive toward.
Smaller Muscles
When you are first starting a weight-lifting regimen, begin with lighter weights. Your smaller muscles will get tired before your larger ones, and it also makes a lot of sense to use small dumbbells before using big ones. By the time you are ready to exercise large muscle groups, the smaller muscles can rest.
Depending on your ultimate goals, you may schedule more or less strength exercises during your workout routine. If you are looking to build large, strong muscles you will want to workout every other day. However, those aiming to be lean, mean, and defined will more frequently stress the muscles in a strength training session.
In order to reduce injury, it is important to have the proper form when you are walking. You should be standing tall, and your shoulders should be drawn back. Your elbows should then be positioned at around a 90-degree angle. When you step forward, the opposite arm should swing in conjunction with the leg. Let your heel touch the ground first, then put the rest of your foot forward.
An excellent method of quickly building strength in the legs is to perform wall sits. First, you need an unobstructed wall that is at least the width of your body. Next, face away from the wall at about an 18 inch distance. With your back pressed to the wall, slowly start to slide down. Continue sliding down the wall until your upper and lower legs form a 90-degree angle. You should keep this position as long as possible.
Treadmills are something many people enjoy but running outside is actually better for you. Running on the ground or road is better for you than opting for a treadmill.
When you are lifting weights, it is best do many reps of lighter weight as opposed to packing on as much weight as possible and doing fewer reps. Muscle mass is is not built solely by lifting large amounts of weight; endurance is also key. Many big lifters follow this strategy, and it works for them.
Do you want to get the most out of your workout routine? You can build strength by twenty percent if you stretch. After each component of your fitness program, devote 20 to 30 seconds to stretching the targeted muscle group. A simple stretch is all it takes to improve your workout.
You should schedule a specific amount of time each day to devote to exercise. Even just walking for a few minutes during your lunch break can improve your physical fitness.
Make sure to stretch between sets in your workout sessions. You'll want to stretch for about half a minute. There is a lot of proof out there that stretching between sets can increase your strength by up to 20%. Plus, stretching really lowers the possibility of injury during your routines.
You should schedule your day and plan on eating and exercising at specific times. Staying true to a schedule will help reduce cravings as you will know when the next meal will be. If you come up with a schedule, you will make healthy snacks and meals, and make sure you get to your workouts.
If you are doing lat pulldowns and pullups, don't wrap the thumb. Placing your thumb inside of your index finger will allow your workout to focus more on your back muscles. It will feel strange at first, but it's important for getting the right muscles worked out.
Leg extensions are a great exercise for your quadriceps. Leg extension exercises are a great way to work out your legs. You will find that they are fun and simple enough for just about anyone. Just sit down and extend your legs one at a time.
Prior to beginning a workout routine for your arms, make sure you know your goals. If you are looking to bulk up, concentrate on heavy weights and intense workouts. If you want to sculpt and tone, simply do more reps with lighter weights.
Try different kinds of exercises. There are many reasons why variety is important. When you do the same workout every day, you become bored; it is human nature. If you become too used to a particular exercise, your body will have adapted to it, so it won't be working as hard. Keep your body working at it best by varying your exercise routine on a regular basis.
Don't focus on just one side of the body or one set of muscles. Many people feel that they will get good results by concentrating on the left or right side or just one muscle group. However, this approach increases your risk for muscle fatigue, strain and other injuries.
It may take a large time investment, but you can meet your goals. You will look better and you will feel better as well. When you are fit, you can live a full life and deal with all necessary tasks with ease.


text:
Just shortly after seeing the clip online, it's now available on Playstation Store.? This and many other goodies are now available for download.? Here's the full release:
Today?s PLAYSTATION?Store update will feature the latest PLAYSTATION?3 (PS3?) downloadable title, Piyotama?, as well as new Heavenly Sword? content, including the first episodes in a series of five ?Making of? videos and five stunning animated episodes capturing the history behind Heavenly Sword. Also check out the Turok? trailer from E3 and movie trailers for 10,000 B.C., Fred Claus, Superbad and Perfect Stranger (Blu-ray Disc? release).
Below are the details of these exciting new offerings:
? Piyotama ($2.99): Download this highly-addictive puzzle game that will have you and/or a friend matching four or more eggs of the same color to hatch piyos. There are an infinite number of levels with colorful characters, carnival music and playful scenery, all in full 1080p HD*. Use the SIXAXIS? Wireless Controller to fill in gaps, and shake up and down to force matched eggs to warm & hatch instantly. The Global Online Ranking system will let you show off your hatching skills to the world.
? Heavenly Sword ?Making of? No. 1 (free): With production values rivaling a Hollywood blockbuster, Heavenly Sword is game development on a truly global scale. In "Episode One: Introduction," meet some of the team from developer, Ninja Theory, and find out about the concept behind Heavenly Sword ? to create the world?s first truly cinematic combat adventure.
? Heavenly Sword Anime No. 1 (free): The history of the Heavenly Sword is revealed in five stunning animated episodes, all presented in 720p HD. Check out ?Episode One: The Legend of the Sword.? A weapon forged in heaven; a warrior sent by the gods. Together they are mankind?s only hope against the evil that corrupts the land.
? Turok Trailer (free): Check out the Turok trailer from E3, where players take on this epic, story-driven first-person shooter as Joseph Turok, a former black ops commando. When Turok?s ship is shot down in dangerous territory, his sole mission is to survive at all costs.
? Movie Trailers (free): Download movie trailers for the upcoming releases, 10,000 B.C., Fred Claus, Superbad (17+ age limit) and Perfect Stranger Blu-ray Disc release.


text:
Even their coach is baffled.
"I've been coaching here three years now, and I've never seen anything like this," said Lexington baseball coach Jerry Meusel after his winless Yellow Jackets suffered a 30-0 loss in five innings to Central Davidson Tuesday night at Central.
And he wasn't talking about the game.
He was talking about the season.
The Jackets fell to 0-12 in the Central Carolina Conference, 0-14 overall, and there appears to be no hope in sight.
There's not much strike-zone pitching and even less defense. There's an obvious lack of fundamentals such as failures to hit cutoff men, for example, and even being aware of game situations.
"It's real frustrating," Meusel said. "My expectations aren't for winning right now but just to teach the guys some baseball."
Even that might be a chore.
"I know we don't have the talent like other teams in the league, but we've got to start learning," Meusel said. "We don't have a team at the middle school, so there's no real feeder system. Some of our guys probably haven't played for four or five years before they get to the high school."
Meusel is even getting a little sympathy from the opposition.
"I feel sorry for Jerry and Todd (Bess, the assistant coach)," said Central coach Jonathan Brown, whose team improved to 8-4 in the CCC, 11-6 overall, with its fourth straight victory. "And I really don't know what the answer is for them.
"Last year they had a pretty good pitcher in Andrew Morton who kept them in a few ball games. But this year they have trouble throwing strikes, and there's just no defense for that, you know?"
Brown knew what his Spartans were in for.
"I told our guys to stay focused, put the ball in play and just play our game," Brown said. "A game is a game regardless of who you play.
"And even though we want to win, you can't feel good about a game like this."
The Spartans struck right from the start, scoring six runs in the first inning, five of them with two outs. Central added 10 more in the second, six in the third and eight in the fourth.
Brown used all of his players by the third inning.
Brandon Burkhart had a big game for Central, going 4-for-6 with a double, a triple and two home runs - including a fourth-inning grand slam - and seven RBIs.
"Brandon's had an unbelievable year for us," Brown said. "He's started off hot, and he's stayed there."
Ryan Burris was the winning pitcher, hurling a one-hitter and striking out 10 batters for the victory.
The only hit he gave up was a fourth-inning single by Clint Davis, who is clearly Lexington's most effective player.
"We've been getting four or five runs a game, even though we're giving up a lot," Meusel said. "Tonight, we took a couple of steps backward. A team like us has to be ready to play every game, and we weren't ready tonight."
Notes: Davis came into the game hitting about .500 with three home runs. ... Central banged out 16 hits. ... Burkhart entered the game hitting around .460 and now has four homers for the year. ... Lexington visits winless Thomasville today at 7. ... Central welcomes West Iredell on Friday at 7 p.m.
Bruce Wehrle can be reached at 249-3981, ext. 218, or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
The Jackbox Party Pack is a compilation pack from Jackbox Games for the PC, MAC, Xbox One, Android TV, OUYA, Amazon Fire TV, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 containing Fibbage XL, Drawful, Word Spud, Lie Swatter and You Don't Know Jack (2015). The console version released on November 18, 2014, with Steam counterparts releasing shorty after on November 26, 2014 (PC) and January 9, 2015 (MAC).
With the Jackbox Party Pack controllers are no more, any capable smartphone can be used as a controller making it easy for anyone and everyone to get in on the action.
- You Don't Know Jack 2015 - The comedy trivia game from Jackbox make a appearances with hundreds of all-new questions. (1-4 Players)
- Drawful - Draw what you are given, have friends and family figure it out. (3-8 Players)
- Fibbage XL - A hilarious bluffing game, contains 50% more questions than the original release. (2-8 Players)
- Lie Swatter - Get facts, make up questions in Lie Swatters. (1-100 Players)
- Word Spud - A fill in the blank word game. (2-8 Players)
System Requirements
- OS: XP / Vista / 7 / 8
- Processor: 2 Ghz Dual Core or higher
- Memory: 1 GB RAM
- Network: Broadband Internet connection
- Hard Drive: 650 MB available space
- OS: Mac OSX 10.5+
- Processor: Dual Core or higher
- Memory: 200 MB RAM
- Network: Broadband Internet connection
- Hard Drive: 650 MB available space


text:
Entering into our fifth week of the Top 5 blog posts there are some major changes!!
Click HERE to check out last weeks Top 5.
Of course, just like last week, number one is the GIVEAWAY that I'm currently hosting – I Win, So You Win! Giveaway Anouncement! If you haven't entered already, click the link and check it out! There is still some time left to get your entry in!
In second place we have newcomer Le Metier de Beaute Flawless Kaleidoscope Face Kit. LMdB is an excellent brand with top notch products, awesome artists, and high class customer service. Check em out!
In third place we have the MAC Semi-Precious Product Pictures & Information. This is an extremely beautiful, and quite large, collection from MAC. I'm actually really excited about it, and will likely need ALL of the MSF's!
Fourth place for this week goes to Hourglass Suede Visionaire Eye Shadow Swatches & Review. Hourglass is a beautiful, yet pricey brand. It's good to go with products from them that you know you'll use ALL of the time. Such as a neutral shadow duo like Suede.
Rounding out the top 5, in fifth place, is Wet N Wild The Gilded Age Coloricon Eyeshdaow Trio Swatches & Review. Wet N Wild is extremely impressive lately in the quality of their products. Definitely the brand to watch!
I hope you all had an awesome week and are enjoying Father's Day today, if you're celebrating! We've been busy at this house the past few days, so I'm sorry for the lack of posting! We'll be back on top of that starting tomorrow 😉


text:
This add-on combines your Forum Stats, Staff Online, Users Online, People You Follow, Who Has Visited and Share This Page into one block.
*For this to work you MUST have the following installed.....
- [bd] Widget Framework
- Who Has Visited In Last 24 Hours
1.) Upload contents of the 'upload' folder. This is not required, but you must specify the path to your image in the Logo Style Property.
2.) Install the add-on.
3.) Create your Widget with the following information:
- Renderer - Who Has Visited
- Widget Group - stats
- Position - hook:forum_list_nodes
4.) Style it, add your logo, change FA colour and size.
This add-on modifies the following Templates:
- PAGE_CONTAINER - Adds Font Awesome
- who_visited_block
*Don't forget to disable the widgets that this replaces.


text: We are excited to announce that students in room 209 have started their student blogs. View the links on the right to click to your favorite student blogger. I hope you will come back often to see what our bloggers are thinking and writing about this year. And please don't forget, we love comments. Let's get a blogging conversation going!


text:
The Chinese economy faced significant challenges in 2011 and 2012. While the food processing industry experienced record sales in 2011, final 2012 numbers are likely to reflect a slowdown.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary Public - Date: 2/4/2013 GAIN Report Number: China - Peoples Republic of Post: Beijing ATO China Food Manufacturing Annual Report Report Categories: Food Processing Ingredients Beverages Dairy and Products Raisins Snack Foods Tree Nuts Approved By: Ralph Bean Prepared By: Wang Jun, Cristal Tang, Jericho Li, Susan Zhang, Joann Shen, Rex Zhang Report Highlights: The Chinese economy faced significant challenges in 2011 and 2012. While the food processing industry experienced record sales in 2011, final 2012 numbers are likely to reflect a slowdown, which is expected to continue into 2013. In addition, frequent reports of food adulteration problems continued to erode consumer confidence. In response, food manufacturers are launching new efforts to improve ingredient quality, make use of newer technologies, and generally push greater innovation in their product offerings. This trend bodes well for imported food ingredients. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTION I: MARKET SUMMARY 1.1 Market Overview 1. Market Growth 2. Driving Forces 3. Impeding Factors 1.2 Snapshot of Selected Food Sectors 1.2.1 Frozen Food 1.2.2 Prepared Meat Food 1.2.3 Snack Food and Chocolate Candy 1.2.4 Dairy 1.2.5 Healthy Food 1.2.6 Baby Food 1.2.7 Tree Nuts and Dried Fruit 1.3 Advantages and Challenges 1.4 Regional Development Northeast China North China East China Southwest China South China SECTION II: MARKET ENTRY 2.1 Entry Strategy 2.2 Market Structure 2.2.1 Distribution Patterns 2.2.2 Distribution Channels 2.2.3 Distribution Flow 2.2.4 Cold Chain SECTION III: BEST PRODUCTS PROSPECTS 3.1 Prospects Categories 3.2 Example Products Analysis 3.3 Growth and Prospects for Specific Food Sectors SECTION IV: POST CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This annual report reviews the development of China's food industry in 2011 and the first half of 2012, and examines trends and prospects of the industry from the second half of 2012. Fueled by various measures following the outbreak of the global financial crisis, including the Four Trillion Stimulus Plan ($588 billion), China's economy move back to GDP growth rates above 10 percent in 2010, but slipped back below this level in 2011 as the government refocused their efforts to fight inflation. In 2012, early signs indicated a potential downturn, but this was to some extent offset by the release of a number of major public investment projects. In 2011, China's food industry continued past rapid growth, but while sales increased, the total number of food operations dropped, signaling both a difficult economy and ongoing consolidation of the industry. By 2012, conditions worsened, with a number of food manufacturers reporting growth rates in the range of 10 percent, as compared to an average rate of 30 percent over the past ten years. The decline in growth and continued consolidation is the result of a combination of factors, including high rising food ingredients prices, soaring labor costs, rising entry costs for new companies and tightened bank loan requirements for small sized enterprises. At the same time, rising prices generally, and specifically for food, are leading consumers to economize more than in the past. In response to these difficulties, many food manufacturers have launched new strategies, including employing high quality ingredients, introducing new technologies, and diversifying product lines, and so on. One quick frozen food market leader for example, has achieved remarkable growth by producing traditional Chinese foods such as dumplings and sticky rice balls. Facing the challenges ahead, it has decided to prioritize new product innovations by exploring western style frozen foods, including frozen cakes and frozen sweets. It is expected this trend of introducing newer technologies, better food ingredients and more creative food innovations will improve the long-term prospects for China's food industry, with increased scale, innovation and profitability, which are likely to also boost the use of imported food ingredients. Import demand prospects for U.S. food ingredients can be roughly categorized as follows: High demand: Products that are either not largely produced in China or largely produced in China but the U.S. boasts apparent price advantages; Good prospect: Ingredients that are showing or to show price advantages with price gaps between China and the U.S. keeping narrowing; Future prospect: Products which are shrinking in production but increasing in demand in China; Conditional prospect: Products that needs heavy marketing supports in China or efforts in closing price gaps between the two countries. In general, China is a huge market and able to accommodate more imported food ingredients. Products either not largely produced in China or enjoying potential price advantages are more than welcome and opportunities could emerge at any time; and for products of the last two categories, if suppliers could strengthen their marketing efforts in China and/or focus on narrowing price gaps with China, they should be able to grab their market shares in the not too far away future. Note: RMB is converted into U.S. dollars at prevailing rates in effect during data collection periods. In 2009, $1 =RMB6.83; in 2010, $1 = RMB6.77; and in 2011, $1 = RMB6.46. SECTION I MARKET SUMMARY 1.1 Market Overview China's food manufacturing industry, although facing challenges, remains strong, as it has been over the past ten years. Food industry 2011 at a glance: Gross sales value*: RMB6.9 trillion, or $1.1trillion % increase than 2011: 28 % of gross industry output value: 8.2 Number of sized firms**: 32,639 Total number of firms: 400,000 Food exports value***: $50.5 billion % increase than 2011: 22.9 Food imports value***: $28.8 billion % increase than 2011: 33.3 Number of employee: 6,740,000 *. Not Sales Value, but Gross Industry Output Value, is discussed in the China Statistical Yearbook. Sales Value here equals 98 percent of Gross Industry Output Value based on the indicator of Proportion of Products Sold. All Sales Values hereafter are calculated in this way. ** Firms with annual sales revenue of more than RMB5 million ($740,000). *** Food and live animals used mainly for food, excluding beverages and tobacco. 1.1.1 Market Growth Development status of the industry is best illustrated by four indicators, including number of firms, gross sales value, output value growth of food industry versus agriculture, and growth of manufacturing sectors versus processing sector. Number of firms Figure 1: Growth of Number of Firms in Food Sectors 2005 – 2011 Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2006-2012 * Statistics are only available for firms with annual sales revenue in excess of RMB 5 million The Food Ingredients and Food Processing Report 2012 predicted that the rapid growth in the number of food firms "is likely to slow down in the coming years." This statement proved both right and wrong: rapid growth came to an end, but even more sharply than forecast. The number of food firms declined to 32,000 from the peak number of 41,000 in 2010, not only ending the steep growth over the past ten years, but also slipping back to the pre-global-financial-crisis levels before 2008. Reasons for this are multiple. On one hand, higher the government has raised the bar to entry for food companies in order to improve food safety and security. On the other hand, tougher loan policies made it impossible to raise capital, and they subsequently went out of business. Compounding these problems, raw materials prices and labor costs have continued to climb. Smaller food companies have borne the brunt of these problems, causing the number of firms to decline, even as overall sales have grown. This is moving forward the long-expected process of consolidation. In the long term, these developments will help in the Chinese government's efforts to improve food safety and quality by making it easier to monitor industry activity and creating large companies with standardized practices and brand names to protect. This trend will also support increased imports of ingredients, as larger companies seek to distinguish themselves and are able to invest more in product development. Gross sales value Figure 2: Growth of Sales Value in Food Sectors 2005- 2011 (RMB100 million) Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2006-2012 *Sales value equals to 98 percent (Proportion of Products Sold) of Gross Industry Output Value In contrast to the number of food operations, food industry sales values continued to increase sharply. 2011 sales values climbed to RMB6.9 trillion, or close to $1.1 trillion, representing a growth of 28 percent over 2010. This RMB6.9 trillion in sales, it should be noted, does not include firms with annual sales revenue of less than RMB5 million ($775,000). The contrast between growing sales values and the declining number of firms gives some indication of the true pace of consolidation. This trend is expected to continue in the near future. It is important to note, however, that record sales values are somewhat deceptive, as a significant portion of this increase is the result of a sharp spike in food prices, rather than in increased sale of products. A rapid rise in the CPI was a key feature of China's economy in 2011, and the food sector CPI exceeded 12 percent. Controlling for the rapid increase in food prices, overall industry sales may With the factor of high rising food prices taken into consideration, the growth in sales values may actually have been closer to 20 percent. Growth of food industry versus that of agriculture* *. Agriculture here refers to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery Figure 3: Growth Rates Comparison between Agriculture and Food Industry 2005- 2011 (RMB100 million) Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2006-2012 Dating back to 2004, food industry was only about one third of agriculture in total output value. While agriculture has been growing steadily over the past years, food industry has grown even more rapidly, closing the gap between the two. In 2011, food industry generated an output value of RMB6.9 trillion, representing over 80 percent of that of agriculture. Owing to rapidly rising global prices for agricultural products, agriculture generated big output values over the past years, which has slowed the pace at which food industry is catching up, however, given the great potential of food industry in China, the industry is expected to pass the value of agriculture output in the coming two to three years. Manufacturing sectors versus processing sector Official Chinese statistics separate its industrial food production into three categories, including: Food processing, including primary processing activities such as rice milling, flour milling, oil refining, sugar refining, slaughtering, salt processing, feed processing, and aquatic product processing; Food manufacturing, consisting of packaged food, pastries and confections, dairy products, canned foods, fermented products, and condiments; and Beverage manufacturing, which is the production of alcoholic beverages (i.e., distilled spirits, beer and wine), soft drinks and tea. Figure 4: Proportions of Three Sub Sectors of Food Industry in Sales Value 2005- 2011 Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2006-2012 Despite its huge size and rapid growth, China's food industry has yet to achieve a balanced development. The food processing sector, which is supposed to decline in overall importance with development of the industry, as has happened in developed countries, remains dominant in size compared with the other sectors. The graph above shows output value of manufacturing sectors versus that of processing sector remains 2:3, far behind the average ratio of 3:1 in developed countries. Of the various causes, the attitude of the central government has played a big role in the continued dominance of food processing. Its emphasis on food security and the strategy of size first have channeled more investments to agricultural production and food processing, rather than to food manufacturing. For instance, over the past two years, plenty of investments from such sectors as coal mining industry and the high technology industry have flowed to swine farming. This has to some degree favored agricultural production and processing and restrained the development of food industry as a whole. 1.1.2 Driving forces Among all the forces that contribute to the robust development of China's food industry, diposable income and urbanization are the most powerful two. In addition, food safety is playing an ever greater role in building demand for higher for high quality food ingredients and manufactured foods. Changes in the retail environment, and a growing trend toward overseas acquisitions by Chinese food processors are also important factors. Disposable income Disposable income is the locomotive pushing the food industry ahead. Thanks to robust economic development in China, disposable income has increased rapidly over the past 30 plus years, in turn fueling expansion of the food industry. Figure 5: Per Capita Income and Food Expenditure in China 2005-2011 (RMB) Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2006-2012 It has been noted that food expenditures have continued to climb along with disposable income, and this trend is expected to continue in coming years. Disposable income growth is also contributing to a middle-income consumer boom in urban areas. This group is starting to seek high quality food, and is a critical market for the expansion of demand for imported food products. The number of urban households earning more than US$5,000 a year is estimated to grow annually by 24 percent, creating tens of millions of new consumers for high-value and imported food. This income group is also facing greater demand on its time, and turning to more heavily processed foods to save time on food preparation. In November 2011, Xi Jinping, the newly elected Secretary General of the Communist Party, proposed doubling average incomes by 2020. Should that be achieved, expenditure on food is expected to increase hugely. However, the ability of rising incomes to generate ever-higher food expenditures faces some limiting factors. On one hand, high rising consumer prices over the past two years have effectively reduced the growth of purchasing power to one third of the income growth rate. For instance, actual disposable income in 2010 was pulled down to 8 percent from 11 percent when the increase in the CPI was factored in, and that of 2011 down to 10 percent from 15 percent. Price increases have affected food more than other products: for instance, in 2011, food CPI is as high as 12 percent. Continued runups in food prices are likely to cause consumers to seek more ways to economize in the future. Urbanization, a long term driving force The Chinese government has pressed for urbanization for years, in hopes of generating more jobs to absorb surplus rural labor. As a result, the rural population has been declining relative to the urban population. Figure 6: Urbanization Trends 2005-2011 Source: China Statistical Yearbook, 2012 2011 is symbolic for China as it marks the first time that China's population passed the 50% urbanization mark. Over the past seven years, the rural population has been shrunk by 1.3 percent or by about 10 million a year; meanwhile, the urban population soared by 3 percent or around 15 to 20 million persons a year. Li Keqiang, the Vice Premier, who is also expected to become Premier in March 2013, has reiterated the importance of urbanization at the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in Nov 2012 and on other occasions. Therefore, it is believed urbanization will continue to be the policy in the foreseeable future. With urbanization deepening, the traditional preference for fresh food and wet markets will keep giving way to processed foods and supermarkets, and this has had profound implications for China's demand for processed foods. Increasing demand for safer and healthier food Since the Sanlu melamine scandal in 2008, food safety issues have made daily headlines in China's media outlets. To combat this, the Chinese government has taken all efforts, including establishing the highest level central coordination agency, enacting and strengthening relevant laws and regulations, and setting higher standards to ensure that only qualified food operations remain in business. Despite all of these measures, a safe food environment has not been realized yet, and consumer confidence continues to slide. Particularly distressing has been the involvement of major domestic companies in some of the scandals in 2011 and 2012: Shineway, the biggest meat processor and number one food processor in China; Bright Dairy, one of the top three dairy food manufacturers in China; and Jiugui Liquor, one of the big listed spirits brewers. All were in one way or another implicated. Over the past years, various surveys made across China, either by survey companies or by portal websites, reveal that Chinese consumers are extremely concerned about food safety and are willing to pay more for safer food when affordable. A good example testifying this is explosion in high-end food retail stores across China, such as BHG and Ole. These stores sell only or mostly imported products, and are becoming the first options for high income urban consumers. Although prices are relatively high, these chains offer guarantees not available elsewhere. Similarly, food products of foreign brands, even though they can be produced within China, are more favored than domestic brands by consumers. Propelled by increasing income and awareness of health and nutrition, Chinese are pursuing not only safer food, but also healthier food. Some specific age groups are seeking functional foods. Key demographics include infants, students preparing for their higher education exams, white collar workers, young women, the elderly, and so on. It is worth noting that many of these products are purchased as gifts to be given to people in these demographics, as Chinese consumers will routinely spend more on food to be given to others than they will on themselves. It is reported that functional food alone in 2011 generated a sales value of over RMB260 billion, equivalent to $40 billion. Interest in natural foods and ingredients is becoming a trend that powers innovation in Better-for-you (BFY) food and beverages. Affluent consumers are willing to pay premium prices for branded products, and they are receptive to new flavors from overseas. A growing percentage of that amount is spent on imported products and products with imported ingredients, such as dairy products, snack foods, tree nut products and confectionary items. More and more consumers carefully check nutrition labels on packages to find signs to convince them to buy. The wording "no food additives", "no fragrance", "no preservatives", "organic", "green", "no trans-fat acid", "0 cholesterol", "whole-grain" are seen more and more frequently in packages,– low-sugar or sugar-free, low-salt are favored. Changes in food retail and marketing Most shelf stable processed food products and beverages are distributed through hypermarkets/ supermarkets and convenience stores. The availability of national-level retailers in a growing number of cities has increased both the channels for sale of manufactured foods, and added some degree of consumer confidence. The major international retail giants, including RT-Mart, Metro, Carrefour, Wal- Mart, Lotus, are present in most of China's first, second and even third-tier cities. Chinese retailers such as Lianhua and Nonggongshang have continued to grow and develop, and regional chains such as Suguo (Nanjing), Hongqi (Chengdu) and voluntary chains such as SPAR and IGA, have all seen substantial growth. Convenience stores such as Kedi, 7-11, and Family Mart have emerged as a strong platform targeting the younger generation with small-packaged snack foods and beverages, whether they are made locally or imported. Food adulteration scandals have, however, battered many of these chains, as stories of retailers who hold products beyond their best-by dates or who sell counterfeits, receive broad press coverage. A lack of trust has led many Chinese food manufacturers to open their own, branded stores, or to reserve their own space in hypermarkets, in which products are stocked and monitored by their own employees. This is part of the broader trend in which food manufacturers seek to avoid quality issues through vertical integration. China has the largest internet population in the world. According to the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), internet users in China exceeded 538 million at the end of June 2012. E- commerce users amounted to 193 million by end of 2011, and are forecasted to reach 300 million by 2015-- with sales value of up to USD 350 billion. Of the top 100 retail chains operating in China, 59 had online stores at the end of 2011. E-commerce has emerged as an important channel that cannot be ignored. Outward investment by Chinese food processors Many large-scale Chinese food groups are actively looking for acquisitions overseas to boost its profile and cater to a rapidly growing domestic market. Bright Dairy secured a 51% stake in Synlait Milk, the No.4 largest dairy in New Zealand, and in 2012 launched the infant formula brand Pure Canterbury that is 100% manufactured and packaged in New Zealand, targeting at China's high-end infant formula market. Bright Food Group bought a 75% stake of an Australian branded food business-- Manassen Foods from CHAMP Private Equity in 2012. Manassen Foods, which was acquired by CHAMP in 2006, owns Sunbeam and Angus Park dried fruits and Margaret River Dairy, and an array of brands in the bakery, biscuits, grocery and confectionery segments. In addition, Bright Food has been reportedly in negotiations with private British equity firm Lion Capital, owner of Weetabix, about a possible purchase that would value the maker of ready breakfast cereals at around $1.61 billion. Leading Chinese dairy companies have started manufacturing their own branded products in plants overseas, aiming to cater to consumer's strong confidence in imported dairy products, and take advantage of the lower-cost of raw milk in Europe and Oceania. For example, Wahaha has its Edison brand baby formula manufactured in the Netherlands and packaged in Switzerland. In general, given the huge market that is to feed a population of 1.3 billion and the increasing demand for quicker, safer and healthier food, the food industry is likely to see continued growth in the future. 1.1.3 Impeding Factors China's overall economic development, which is experiencing difficulty at present, is the paramount factor limiting the development of its food industry. In addition, the following factors may slow industry growth as well: Rising prices for ingredients Although rising prices for agricultural and food products is not an issue for China alone, the problem in China appears to be worse. Starting from mung beans, followed by ginger, apple, peanut, pork, and so on, a whole list of agricultural products have experienced price fluctuations ranging from 20 - 30 percent to as high as doubling or even more over the past few years. This has caused serious problems for food manufacturers, particularly the smaller ones that have limited bargaining power with commodity producers or brokers. This has caused some manufacturers to begin investing in their own production facilities in order to secure supplies and reduce the impact of price fluctuations on their manufacturing businesses. The trend toward purchasing supply sources is also being reinforced by food safety concerns. Chinese markets for ingredients tend to be under regulated and it is difficult for a manufacturer to guarantee the quality of ingredients purchased on the market. A large number of the recent food quality scandals have been traced to ingredients that were adulterated by middlemen. Soaring labor costs With the gradual decline of China's demographic dividend, labor costs are rising rapidly. The "labor shortage" experienced each year after the Chinese New Year years ago in Guangdong province (a major manufacturing center) has spread now throughout China. Laborers across the country are demanding higher pay, and voting with their feet. Alternatively, many are finding employment closer to home, causing many manufacturers to locate new facilities further inland to traditionally more rural areas. A key limit cited by food manufacturers is the availability of labor. Rising food safety costs Over the past years, food safety scandals had made daily headlines in media across China. To reverse this situation, the relevant government agencies have introduced various measures that are driving production costs higher. For instance, the new dairy food sector policy effective from April 1st 2011 has greatly lifted the entry bar. This drove about half of dairy food makers out of the market, and left the survivors bearing an additional RMB1 million per month for costs for quality checks and improvements to inspection equipment. For other food sectors, manufacturers have to be extremely cautious in selecting raw materials, in most cases, purchasing more expensive ingredients than strictly necessary, to make sure their products are safety risk free. A sharp spike in the CPI was the most noticeable feature of China's economy in 2011, and among all sectors that contribute to the overall CPI, food took the lead. Rising food prices, propelled by increasing food ingredients costs, labor costs and other costs, rather than by newer technology and higher standards, may slow down the robust growth of food industry that has lasted for three decades. 1.2 Snapshot of Selected Food Sectors Food sectors that may affect export of U.S. agricultural products would involve frozen food, prepared meats, snack food, bakery and dairy products. 1.2.1 Frozen food Frozen food is potentially a very broad category. Although the category could encompass frozen flour- based foods, prepared meats, ice cream and other diary products, and so on, consumers' first reaction is quick frozen flour-based foods such as dumplings, which is what this report will focus on. In ten years China's frozen food industry has grown from a small-scale industry dominated by mom- and-pop stores into a massive, highly modern industry accounting for well over RMB60 billion (over $10 billion) in annual sales. The industry is centered around the city of Zhengzhou, home to China's two largest frozen food manufacturers, San Quan and Synear. Each company commands close to ¼ of the market, with roughly 500,000 metric tons in current manufacturing capacity and gross sales of RMB3 billion. Both are adding new manufacturing capacity, and San Quan expects to triple its output within the next five years. These manufacturers are a far cry from their homespun antecedents. They are large corporations whose products are a household name across China, and who have brand names and reputations to protect. San Quan currently exports to twenty different countries, and could easily export more if domestic markets didn't demand their full attention. With famous names and large investments in their product lines, these companies have a powerful interest in guaranteeing the quality of their products – including the ingredients they use to manufacture them. Laboratory facilities are extensive and include the latest gas chromatography and other equipment. This need to ensure quality and safety, along with the need to innovate in order to stay ahead of me-too manufacturers, is driving a keen interest in new ingredients, including imports. China's frozen food industry revolves around several traditional foodstuffs: vegetable and meat dumplings that are boiled, and sweet rice flour balls traditionally stuffed with black sesame sauce. Other products include hun dun (won ton) and noodles. The principal ingredients are simple: wheat flour, pork, fresh vegetables. However, as competition grows, manufacturers are seeking ways to distinguish themselves by offering new tastes and varieties. San Quan is already producing a line of fruit-flavored tangyuan (which traditionally use sweet sesame fillings), including one that uses blueberry fillings imported from the United States. The economic difficulties of the first half of 2012 affected quick frozen food sector. Over the past ten years, frozen food manufacturers had been used to annual growth in excess of 30 percent; however, in June 2012, seeing sales growth suddenly dropped to 10 percent or so, even for sector leaders like San Quan. San Quan has been striving to expand its production capacities in the past years, but is currently limiting its expansion. Like other leading manufacturers, San Quan is re-thinking its strategy. The company has decided to diversify its product lines by heavily exploring western-style frozen foods, such as frozen cakes and frozen sweets. Innovations along these lines are likely to boost demand for imported ingredients that do not have ready equivalents in China. 1.2.2 Prepared meat Prepared meat is one of the fastest growth sectors for food manufacturing. It is also the sector that is being most heavily impacted by rising ingredient prices and food safety concerns. Like quick frozen food, it is built on consumers' demand for quick and convenient food and greatly fueled by the fast tempo of modern life. Prepared meats can be categorized into three sub sectors, depending on production and preservation, including: fresh prepared meats; prepared meats in vacuum packages; and frozen prepared meats. Fresh prepared meats have been in existence for hundreds of years. The advantage is freshness. Some foods are still warm when they reach shelf, but the disadvantage is extremely short shelf life, which will restrain products being transported far and thus limit production volume. This industry is generally local in scale, as logistics and short shelf life do not permit broad distribution. Prepared meat foods in vacuum packages have been in market for about twenty years, with the main products lines being different kinds of sausages. Many of China's largest and most recognizable food manufacturers, such as Shineway (Shuanghui), Topin and Yurun, began with sausage manufacturing, and now boast annual sales of RMB 30 – 50 billion. However, these companies are generally poor prospects for large volumes of imported ingredients, as most have built their own swine farming and internal supply chains and have little demand for imported meat products. Niche opportunities exist in areas such as flavorings and additives, but are small relative to overall production value. The third sub sector, frozen prepared meat foods, which holds the best potential for imported ingredients. This sub sector has only been in existence for roughly ten years, but reached RMB12 billion in sales by 2010. The average growth rate of this sector is 35 percent over the past decade, about 10 percent higher than food industry's average rate during that time, and is expected to maintain this growth in the coming years. The main product type is meat ball or fish ball, for use in hot pot or daily cooking, with some variations in ingredients, sizes, and flavors etc. The largest production center for frozen prepared meat foods is in Shandong province, which hosts sector leaders like Longda, Huifa and Jiashibo. Huifa, for example, is a company with a history of only 11 years, but reached RMB 1 billion in sales by 2011, boasting an annual increase of 200 percent growth per year over the last 6 years. Jiashibo, Huifa's competitor in the same city, has a similar history of astonishing growth. This sector is a particularly good prospect for two reasons. First, unlike the major players in the vacuum packed meat sector, these manufacturers have spent their short history focused on building market share and expanding nationwide. As a result, they lack integrated links into the animal farming and processing sectors, instead sourcing ingredients from the market. Their rapid growth, however, leaves them vulnerable to price spikes. In addition, outside of the captive supply chains of major processors noted above, markets for meat remain largely unorganized, leaving large-scale buyers vulnerable to the highly variable quality of products on market. Second, the meat/fish ball sub sector is specialized in its input requirements, demanding high fat parts like pork collars and bellies, chicken feet, organ meats, etc. These parts are widely used in China, and so tend to be more scarce on the market than in places like the U.S., where such products are not so widely used and tend to sell at a discount. This creates a good match between manufacturers' demand and U.S. supply. 1.2.3 Snack food and chocolate candy Snack food is a top three sector in terms of growth rate among all food industry sectors, only after frozen food and health food. There are no official statistics on the size of the market, but it is estimated that the market is as large as RMB100 billion, and the annual growth rate is over 25 percent. The snack food sector is a sector with relatively easy entry, but with a high failure rate, where competition is high, innovation vital, and profit margins thin. Manufacturers try to innovate in shape, color, taste, mouth feel and packaging, but have little desire for imported food ingredients due to high costs relative to their low profit margins. Exceptions exist, however, for snack foods that fit into the healthy foods category, which is less price sensitive. Generally speaking, the base ingredients for the snack food sector are quite common: wheat flour, rice, seafood, flavorings and seasonings, colorings, fruit, nuts, and other regular agricultural products, most of them domestically supplied. The only major exceptions are foreign nuts and fruits that are hard to source domestically, such as almonds. The sub-sector that makes the greatest use of nuts and dried fruit, besides the nut roasting sector, is the chocolate candy sector. Rather than high-end chocolate candy (which is dominated by multinationals), this sector is dominated by the mid and low-end manufacturers. This group is presently facing a difficult situation, and will need new ideas and products if it is to survive. Mid to low end chocolate candy manufacturing is largely clustered in Tianjin. Back to about 50 years ago, Tianjin was one of the main production centers of chocolate candy in China, together with Beijing and Shanghai. This didn't change until 1980s. Since then, Beijing and Shanghai, moved toward more high-technological and services industries. Tianjin, viewing this as an opportunity, took over equipment and talent shed by Beijing to become China's largest chocolate candy manufacturer by volume. The entry of international brands like Mars, Hershey and Nestle, however, have driven these manufacturers out of the key first and second tier markets. Currently, there are still about 70 chocolate candy producers in Tianjin, producing about 80 percent of chocolate in volume in China. They are mostly small to medium in size, and the bigger ones have a sales volume of ranging from RMB20-50 million a year, with the largest reaching about RMB100 million a year. The surviving manufacturers, with limited resources, are seeking new ways to differentiate their products, both from each other and from the international brands. They have indicated a strong interest in sourcing new types of ingredients to help in this effort. 1.2.4 Dairy Market size and status According to industry statistics, total dairy sales in China reached RMB 204 billion (USD 32 billion) in 2011, a 16.4% increase from 2010. The dairy industry has continued to enjoy strong growth in 2012. Figure 7: Retail value of dairy markets (million RMB) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Dairy Products 137,705.5 143,821.4 157,944.1 175,235.6 203,904.0 Drinking milk products 112,946.3 116,639.8 126,621.6 139,559.5 162,305.5 Cheese 559.6 668.7 779.8 916.4 1,104.7 Yoghurt & sour milk drinks 22,962.9 25,195.5 29,143.2 33,280.0 38,876.2 Baby milk formula 25,675.1 32,515.7 41,351.6 50,942.9 61,952.4 Other dairy products 1,236.7 1,371.4 1,399.5 1,479.7 1,617.6 Source: Euromonitor (Exchange rate between USD and RMB: 1USD to 6.35RMB) *Drinking milk products include fluid milk, flavored milk drinks and milk powder etc. Per capita annual consumption of dairy products is around 28 kg in urban areas, but is only around 12 kg in rural areas. There is a large gap between China's rate of consumption and average per capita consumption rates of around 300 kg in developed countries. Dairy product imports continued to grow rapidly in 2012. China Customs statistics showed that the import of dairy products in Jan-July 2012 amounted to 777,000 metric tons, an increase of 23.3% over the same period in 2011. New Zealand is the biggest exporter of dairy products to China; its share of total imports reached 45.6% during the first half of 2012. New Zealand was followed by France, the Netherlands and the United States. In an effort to improve the structure of the dairy industry in early 2011, the number of manufacturers issued production permits was slashed to 675 from about 3,000. By early 2012, the number of permitted manufactures rose to 716. Yili, Mengniu and Bright Dairy are the top three manufacturers in terms of annual output. They collectively control more than 50% of the national market. Sanyuan from Beijing, Wonder Sun from Heilongjiang Province, Want Want Group, Jiabao from Shandong Province, and Huishan from Liaoning Province are also among the top ten dairy manufacturers. Consumer confidence in milk is still recovering from the 2008 tainted formula scandal and quality problems still plague the Chinese dairy industry from time to time. In mid 2012, aflatoxin, a cancer- causing toxin produced by fungus was found in Guangzhou in five batches of Nanshan Bywise brand formula. It was made by Hunan Ava Dairy Industry Co. in Nanshan. Aflatoxin can appear in the milk of animals that eat mildewed feed. It previously has been detected in milk from Mengniu and another company, Changfu. Distribution channels Around 80% of dairy products reach consumers via retailers - which have experienced significant consolidation over the past five years. For cheese products, yogurt, and take-home ice cream, the supermarkets' role is even more important. Major manufacturers of yoghurt and yoghurt drinks also compete in the food service channel with specially designed brands. Although the profit in the food service channel may be higher than that achieved from retail channels, manufacturers face high entrance fees determined by hotels and restaurants and delayed payment in China. Hotels and restaurants normally pay after they sell the products. This has constrained the sales volume of dairy products through food service channels. It is estimated that there were over 6,000 pizza restaurants in China by mid 2012. The emerging pizza restaurants and western food restaurants have been driving the growth of cheese consumption in HRI sector. According to industry insiders, cheese consumption in the HRI sector is growing at a rate of around 30%, while it is only about 10% in the retail sector. Yogurt bars are a new restaurant format emerging in first tier cities and popular among the younger consumers. Competing with juice bars and ice-cream bars, yogurt bars offer frozen yogurt and yogurt drinks in various flavors. These bars are generally located in Central Business Districts. Online stores are emerging as an important distribution channel for dairy products, especially non- temperature-sensitive dairy products, such as UHT milk and infant formula milk powder. Most of them are foreign brands that enjoy higher confidence in Chinese consumers. It is estimated that 10% of infant formula is distributed via online stores, and in 1st tier cities, this percentage is as high as 40%. There were 193 million E-commerce users at the end of 2011, and the number is forecast to reach 300 million by 2015. In the first tier cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, some consumers still prefer direct delivery of milk to their home every early morning. Milk directly delivered by producers is regarded as a guarantee of freshness and quality although costs can be quite high. Dairy product trends by category Fluid Milk: Fluid milk is the largest product segment in this industry, and is sold mainly in cardboard containers and plastic packages. Fierce competition has cut the profitability of fluid milk production to low levels. At the national level, UHT milk has about 80 per cent of the market by volume, thanks to its availability in markets far from the manufacturing site and comparatively lower retail price. In big cities where the cold chain infrastructure is better established, pasteurized milk occupies more than 70 percent of the market. Consumer attention to product safety and quality will continue to grow, and manufacturers are competing by introducing "Better-For-You" dairy products. These include calcium-fortified, iron- fortified, low-fat or fat-free drinking milk products, organic dairy products, as well as products added with functional ingredients beneficial for certain consumer groups. Imported UHT milk is an important category. In 2011, China imported 25,800 metric tons of UHT milk. Currently the most available import UHT milk brands are Country Goodness, Anchor and Dairy Hill from New Zealand, Lactel from France, Pauls and Living Planet Organic Dairy from Australia, Suki (with milk sourced from Germany) Borden from United States, and Emmi from Switzerland. The shelf life is normally eight months to one year, and the unit prices per liter are between RMB 20-32. This price scale is only about 10-30% higher than that of their Chinese competitors, making it affordable for local food safety conscious consumers. Online stores are an important distribution channel for import UHT milk. Flavored milk drinks with fruit juice will continue to register the most dynamic value growth in 2012 and 2013. Thanks to its tasty flavor and nutritional claims, younger generations of Chinese consumers are willing to choose flavored milk drinks with fruit juice as a fashionable and healthy option. Apart from the leading players such as Wahaha Group in this area, new players such as Suntory and Ten Wow are actively developing their portfolio in this line. Cheese: Continuing its robust growth in 2011, cheese is a star in China's dairy market, with approximate 21% value growth in retail channels and almost 13% volume growth in the foodservice channel, according to Euromonitor. Not a traditional food in China, Chinese consumers' knowledge regarding cheese's benefits remains low, and, at the retail level, many consumers still have difficulty accepting the taste and smell of cheese. Awareness has increased, however, as a result of TV advertisements, internet, and other promotions. The cheese market is still small, but one with great growth potential. White-collar workers with higher levels of disposable income are the key consumer demographic for cheese, and many parents tend to choose suitable cheese products for their children in an attempt to increase calcium intake and improve nutritional balance. Cheese is widely marketed as a health conscious product to high-income consumers. At the HRI level, demand has grown quickly: Chinese consumers' love of pizza contributes to the consumption of cheese, mostly mozzarella, in pizza restaurant chains and hotels. Leading domestic dairy companies Bright Dairy, Sanyuan, and Yili have all launched cheese processing lines. They have also run very successful consumer education programs. In 2011, Bright Dairy led cheese sales with 53% of the market, followed by Anchor (20.2%), Pikifou (6.9%), Sanyuan (4.6%) and Suki (3.4%). The top five brands occupy nearly 90% of the cheese market. (Suki is imported, and sources from different countries: currently cream cheese from Australia and Chedder and Monterey Jack from the United States). Unspreadable processed cheese registered the highest value growth in 2011. The consumption volume ratio between spreadable and unspreadable processed cheese was about 35-65 percent in 2011 in China market, with unspreadable processed cheese slightly outperforming spreadable cheese and slowly increasing its share of the market. Cream cheese dominated the spreadable processed cheese market. For unspreadable cheese the most frequently available products are Mozzarella, Monterey Jack, Cheddar, and Parmesan cheese. Slice and stick cheese are the most commonly seen unspreadable cheese at retail channels. Many foreign brands are available in supermarkets in China. Currently there are over 10 U.S. cheese brands in China market such as Leprino, Sargento, Borden and AmeriDairy. Other major import cheese brands are Kraft made in Australia, Mainland from New Zealand, President and Cantorel from France, Suki from the United States, Bega and Laughing Cow from Australia, Emmi from Switzerland, Feta from Germany, Arla from Denmark, and Kerry Gold from Ireland. Cheese manufacturers launched more innovative flavors including chocolate, tree nuts, strawberry, and banana flavors for children, and cheese products fortified with vitamins and minerals that appeal to Chinese consumers. Many promotions and price discounts were also offered to attract consumers, which lowered the unit price of cheese, and greatly contributed to the sales growth of cheese products. One value-added ingredient increasingly being used in the production of baked and processed foods is cheese powder. This input adds nutritional value (increased protein content) and enhances the flavors of finished products. U.S. cheese powder's low moisture content makes this product affordable to the local bakery chains as there is no need to refrigerate the product before they are cooked. Typical uses of cheese powder includes the production of biscuits, savory snacks, baked products, sauces, dips and dressings, ready meals, and even reconstituted cheese. Most cheeses found in the retail market are imported from the United States, France, Demark, New Zealand and Australia. A small amount of domestic cheese products are processed cheese slices manufactured locally by Kraft and Shanghai Bright. Some domestic brands either source ingredients from aboard or contract out foreign dairy factories to produce private label cheeses for the Chinese market. This is the case of the Suki brand which is a private label Land O'Lakes product produced for the Shanghai Gaofu Foods Company. Domestic dairy companies are eying private label cheese production from the United States and this is an opportunity for U.S. dairies to engage China's dairy producers. China's cheese market will continue to grow rapidly in the next five years, and that growth will spread from first tier city markets to second and third tier markets. Ongoing economic development will increase Chinese consumers' purchasing power, and make high-priced cheese products more acceptable for mass consumers. Yogurt: The yogurt market maintained its consistently strong growth in China in 2011. Yogurt sales increased by 16 percent in 2011 to exceed RMB 38.7 billion (USD 6.1 billion). The average retail unit price of yogurt products continued increasing in 2011 thanks to ongoing launches of relatively high-end products of fruit-flavored and functional yogurt by key players. While traditionally yogurt has a very positive image in China, dairy manufacturers are working to transform yogurt into a Super Food with function to improve digestion and control weight. Functional yogurts are frequently further fortified with fiber such as whole grain and fruits, additional levels of calcium or antioxidants to increase their health benefits, so that they can gain more popularity among consumers. Imported yogurt enjoys a stable but small growth rate, as its loyal consumers are mainly expatriates or returned overseas Chinese. Emmi from Switzerland, Elle & Vive and Milkana from France, Yoplait from Australia and FAGE from Greece are frequently available brands on the shelves of import food supermarkets/stores. Hangzhou Wahaha Group from Zhejiang Province, Mengniu from Inner Mongolia, Bright Dairy from Shanghai, Yili from Inner Mongolia and Junlebao owned by Sanyuan from Beijing were the top five players in this sector in 2011, taking 50% of the market shares. Milk Powder: Milk powder remains the biggest import item in 2011-2012, and is still growing. According to China's Customs statistics, import volume during the first eight months in 2012 increased by 20% over same period in 2011, reaching 413,800 metric tons; its import value also increased 14.7%. New Zealand, taking over 80% of the market, is the biggest milk powder exporter to China, followed by United States, Australia and EU. Low consumer confidence in domestic products, coupled with a high level of concern over children's health and nutrition, have helped to boost imports. Infant formula milk powder sales have grown steadily. Baby milk formula sales continued to climb with dynamic value growth of 23% in 2011, reached RMB 62,140.84 million according to Euromonitor statistics. With on-going growth of disposal incomes, and the one-child-policy within one family in China, parents are willing to pay a premium for high-quality products. China imported 57,919 metric tons of baby formula milk during the first eight months of 2012, up 17.4% year on year. Netherlands (22.5%), New Zealand (18.6%), France (16.1%) and Singapore (17.2%) are the top four baby/toddler formula milk powder exporters to China in first half of 2012. The high end infant formula milk powder market is nearly monopolized by multinational giants from Europe, the United States, and Australia and New Zealand, thanks to the high consumer confidence, and the branding and channel management they enjoy in China. Top international players include International Nutrition (Dumex), Mead Johnson (Enfamil, Enfagrow, Enfapro, Enfachild, Enfaschool), Abbott Nutrition International (Gain, Similac), Nestle (Lactogen, Neslac), and Wyeth (Promise, S-26, Bright Promil). There were 119 domestic manufacturers of baby formula milk powder in China by end of 2011. Beingmate (9.9%) from Zhejiang Province, Yili (7.9%) from Inner Mongolia, Yashili (4.1%) from Guangdong Province, Shengyuan (2.7%) from Shandong Province, and Wonder Sun(1.8%) from Heilongjiang Province are the top performing domestic brands in terms of market share. Whey: Whey's advantage as an efficient protein source positions it for increased use in China's fitness and health care industries. Whey as a nutritional supplement is increasingly sold in gyms and boutique health food stores in first-tier Chinese cities. Meanwhile, whey and lactose ingredients are used in a growing array of baby formulas, functional beverages and yogurt products. The U.S. is the dominant leading whey and lactose exporter to China. In 2011, the collective value of U.S. whey and lactose exports to China amounted to USD 273.5 million, increased by 81% over 2010 according to USDA statistics. Such products include sweet whey powder, whey protein concentrate (WPC) of 34% and 80% protein contents, and whey protein isolate (WPI). 1.2.5 Healthy food Market overview Chinese consumers are more willing to choose nutritional and healthy food to maintain general health and reduce the risk of chronic health problems such as diabetes and obesity. Increased disposable income is making health and nutritional food more affordable. Improved distribution channels, education and marketing campaigns have also contributed to the fast growth of the health and nutrition food market. China's State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) notes two categories of nutrition and health food products – "Health Food" and "Dietary Supplement". Both must register with SFDA and be evaluated by its authorized facilities before they are launched. "Health Food" (Bao Jian Shi Pin) refers to a food claiming that it has certain health-improving functions or is able to supply vitamins and minerals. It is good for a particular group of people and able to adjust body functions, but is not used to cure diseases. It will not cause any form of harm whether it is acute or sub-acute or chronic. Currently there are 27 functional claims permitted to be printed on the labels of these products. "Health Food" must register with SFDA so that they can print the logo of "Bao Jian Shi Pin", or the so-called "blue cap" on the label, together with the functional claims. "Dietary Supplements" refer to products that supply vitamins and minerals instead of energy. Its function is to supplement the routine diet to prevent the deficiency of certain nutrients and lower the risk of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Dietary Supplements cannot make any functional claims on their labels. Growing at an average annual rate of 15%, the total sales value of nutrition and health food in China reached an estimated RMB 200 billion (USD 32 billion) in 2011. There are over 16,000 manufacturers of nutrition and health food in China. About 1,300 have the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification to produce Health Foods defined by SFDA. They have registered products with SFDA, so that they can print the so called "blue cap" with "health food" wording on the label. At the same time, there are around 15,000 manufacturers producing "Better for You" (BFY) food products in China. According to the statistics from the official website of SFDA, the number of registered domestic health foods with the "blue cap" is 11,653, and registered import health food items were 665 at the end of August 2012. It is estimated that the number of food products with fortified nutrition but without the "blue cap" was around 30,000 in mid 2012. Apart from health food and dietary supplements, there is a third category of products, the so called "Better for You" (BFY) products. BFY products are manufactured as ordinary food with Quality Safety (QS) certifications, and they claim that the products are "low in", "high in", "fortified" or "free from" on the label. They include lower sugar beverages, vitamin-enhanced fruit juices, probiotics drinks, infant formula, foods for diabetics, organic products, Vitamin A-fortified wheat flour, herbal tea, herbal liquor, and donkey-hide gelatin. Major players in the market Domestic nutrition and health food manufacturers are mainly located in east China; 50% of them operate in the top six production bases of Beijing, Guangdong Province, Shandong Province, Zhejiang Province, Shanghai and Jiangsu Province. The rest are spread throughout central China, such as Hubei province and Jiangxi province, and north China, such as Liaoning province and Heilongjiang province. Real Nutriceutical, By-Health Biotech Co., Ltd., Shandong Dongeejiao Group and Bishengyuan Tea Group are the major health food manufacturers that produce branded products in China. Some large- scale health food and dietary supplement manufacturers have focused on OEM manufacturing for overseas customers. Leading international players entered China in the 1990s. Amway broke ground for its first plant in Guangdong Province in 1992, and brought the dietary supplement concept into China. Their Nutrilife health food products portfolio has gained high popularity among Chinese consumers. In 2010, Amway China's sales exceeded USD 3.5 billion, making China Amway Group's biggest market. Wyeth introduced Centrum multi-vitamins into China as early as 1993. Since then, its health food products, including infant formula, have achieved huge success and became one of the leading brands in health food and baby food in China. Wyeth has invested over USD 530 million and established state-of-the-art plants to manufacture health food in China. NBTY landed in China officially in 2006, and established the NBTY China Trading Company which introduced the Nature's Bounty, MET-Rx Engineered Nutrition and American Health portfolios to the China market. GNC entered China and established a trading company in Shanghai in 2011. So far 77 SKUs in 13 categories of GNC health food products, including herbal supplements, vitamins, collagens, proteins, dietary fibers are being imported as ordinary food products, and are available at pharmacies, chained retailers and online food stores. In addition, RICHLIFE from Singapore and DHC from Japan are also expanding aggressively in China. Consumption trends for nutritional and health food in china More and more Chinese consumers are regularly consuming nutritious and healthy food. The most important factors that influence the decision-making of Chinese consumers when purchasing health food products are effectiveness and safety, a trustworthy brand, convenience for intake, and pricing. While a large portion is for self use, many buy these products as gifts for their family members, friends and business customers. Therefore packaging is also important to consumers. Food Safety Concerns Steer Consumers towards Safe Products: A series of food contamination scandals in China have fueled demand for safe processed food and beverages. Imported foods from developed countries have enjoyed robust growth thanks to Chinese consumers' confidence in them. An import food label indicating the products are made in U.S, Europe and Japan sells itself to high-end consumers - especially in first-tier cities. Famous brands and large manufacturers with a long history are regarded as a guarantee of the food safety. More Consumers Read Labels before They Buy: Although most people learn about health food from media advertisements in television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet, food labels are still considered the most useful source of health and nutrition information for better educated consumers. Interest in natural foods and ingredients is becoming a trend that powers innovation in BFY food and beverages. The wording "no food additives", "no fragrance", "no preservatives", "organic", "green", "no trans-fatty acids", "0 cholesterol", "whole-grain" are seen more and more frequently on packages, more and more consumers carefully check nutrition labels on packages to find signs to convince them to buy – low-sugar or sugar-free, low-salt are favored. Senior Nutrition – the Key Driver in Health Food: According to a survey conducted by the China Health Care Association in 2009, the group aged 56 and higher almost all consume health food regularly. This group of consumers normally pays more attention to their health than other expenditure items such as housing, clothing and dining out. A large portion of their health and wellness food is given by their family members as gifts. China's population of citizens over the age of 60 exceeded 185 million at the end of 2011, accounting for 13.7% of the total population. It is estimated that the aged population will continue grow and amount to 400 million by 2033. Demand for products that protect the heart, help with high cholesterol, improve bone and joint health, and improve sleep will remain high. Children's Nutrition – Huge Potential: Children's nutrition is a major growth area – please refer to the following section on Baby Food for analysis. Distribution channels There are four main distribution channels for health products in China, and the growth rates of these channels varies. In China, the traditional mass market channel that includes mass merchandisers, drug store chains, supermarkets, convenience stores and club stores still dominates the distribution of Health Foods with the "blue cap" and dietary supplements. The growth of the direct sales industry (multi-level marketing), which uses the person-to-person mode of communication for elaborating the benefits of supplements, is also driving the growth of nutritional supplement market. The Chinese government issues licenses very cautiously to companies focusing on this distribution channel, but once they procure such licenses, these enterprises can develop rapidly. Chinese consumers are beginning to seek nutritional advice from professional nutritionists at hospitals. This is driving the development of the health practitioner channel as a new channel for nutritional supplement sales. 1.2.6 Baby food Although overlapping with the baby formula section of the dairy market profile, baby food merits special attention. Baby food products are the fastest growing product category in China's supermarket retail sector. The country's emerging urban middle-class consumers are willing to pay a premium for high quality imported baby food and nutrient products and are especially leery of domestically produced baby food products even when these have foreign brand names. With a post-2008 melamine tainted milk scandal still lingering in the minds of consumers, global infant product manufacturers are increasing the


text:
Posts Tagged 'addict'
Nurse Jackie
Nurse Jackie Recap 3.4 – Mitten
Usually Jackie (Edie Falco) surprises us with her various hiding place in each episode. However, this one opens with viewers being privy to her thought process while she goes through the house and placing various baggies in th...
SouthLAnd Recap 3.9 – Failure Drill
If I haven't said it before I will say it now, Lydia (Regina King) may be a beautiful woman but she has big brass balls. If you have been following SouthLAnd since season 1 then it is no surprise to you that Lydia can hold her ...
SouthLAnd Recap 3.5 – The Winds
Fans of Michael Cudlitz's John Cooper, this one was for you. In The Winds we see John in a light that hasn't been shed since we met him in the very first episode of SouthLAnd. This 3rd season continues to expose the...
SouthLAnd Recap 3.2 – Punching Water
There's so much to say about this episode, I was annoyed, then I was shocked and in the end I was appalled… the ending wow, it wasn't a curve ball, it was a screw ball from out of nowhere! One of the best parts of the episode w...
SouthLAnd Recap 3.1 – Let It Snow
SouthLAnd returned today with the same kickass writing, solid acting and fluid character development that made us fall in love with the show since its inception. Lydia (Regina King) is back with a new partner, an older Latina n...
Nurse Jackie
Nurse Jackie Recap 2.12 – Years of Service
We pick up exactly where we left off with Kevin (Dominic Fumusa) walking alongside the car and Jackie (Edie Falco) trying to convince him to get back in. The kids are confused and Fiona (Mackenzie Aledjem) asks Kevin if he is h...


text:
Using technology is important in the life of students and faculty and we are dedicated to providing the help you need to work with the various technologies available on campus and in the library. Please be sure to ask at the The Help Center for help when you need it.
Call 607-753-2500 for immediate assistance.