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Quantum Turbulence in Helium Superfluids L. Skrbek Joint Low Temperature Laboratory, Institute of Physics ASCR and Charles University V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic University of Warwick, December 8th, 2005 M. Krusius - LTL HUT (ROTA), Helsinki V.B. Eltsov, A.P. Finne J. Hosio N.B. Kopnin, G.E. Volovik P.V.E. McClintock, G. Pickett - Lancaster University D.I. Bradley, D. Charalambous, D.O. Clubb, S.N. Fisher, A.M. Guénault, P.C. Hendry, H. A. Nichol M. Tsubota, R. Hanninen, A. Mitani Osaka City University C. Barenghi Newcastle and others Thanks to collaboration and discussions with: A.V. Gordeev Prague T. Chagovets W.F. Vinen University of Birmingham R.J. Donnelly University of Oregon S.R. Stalp J.J. Niemela Trieste K.R. Sreenivasan P. Skyba Košice
Outline An experimentalist's attempt of presenting a unified perhaps (over)simplified picture of quantum turbulence in He II and superfluid 3He-B based on current theoretical understanding and available experiments Recent results on experimental investigation of He II (counterflow and pure superflow – generated) turbulence
4 He 3 He T (K) P (kPa) He I Solid He gas Superfluid He II Critical point
Classical turbulence – measures of its intensity Reynolds number For isothermal flows Rayleigh number for thermally driven flows in a gravitational field T (p) (cm 2 /s) // air20 C0,150,122 water20 C1,004x10 -2 14,4 Normal 3He above Tc ~ 1, olive oil Normal fluid of 3HeBaround 0.6 Tc~ 0.2, air Helium I 2,25 K (VP) 1,96x10 -4 3,25x10 -5 Helium II1,8 K (VP)9,01x10 -5 X He-gas 5,5 K (2,8 bar) 3,21x10 -4 1,41x10 8 He II and 3He B – so far the only two media where quantum turbulence has been systematically studied under controlled laboratory conditions Cryogenic He Gas, He I and He II are probably the best known working fluids for the controlled, laboratory high Re and Ra turbulence experiments
Niemela, Skrbek, Seenivasan, Donnelly Turbulent Convection at Very High Rayleigh Numbers, Nature 404 (2000) 837 Heat transfer efficiency in cryogenic turbulent convection convection cryostat 1 m
Systems (simplified) to understand turbulence in T 4 He 3 He (B) normal liquid He I Classical Navier-Stokes fluid of extremely low kinematic viscosity normal liquid 3 He Classical Navier-Stokes fluid of kinematic viscosity comparable with that of air Superfluid transition at Tc He II – a "mixture" of two fluids superfluid 3 He B normal fluid of extremely normal fluid of of kinematic viscosity low kinematic viscosity comparable with that of air + + Inviscid superfluid Circulation is quantized T 0 limit Pure superfluid 0 1 2 3
Grid turbulence- visualisation Step 1 – classical turbulence in a viscous fluid Classical turbulence - Richardson cascade Smoke Ink or dye Kalliroscope flakes Hydrogen bubbles Baker's pH technique Hot wire anemometry Laser Doppler velocimetry Particle image velocimetry …
3d energy spectrum of the homogeneous isotropic turbulence k Spectral energy density (log scale) Energy containing eddies Energy containing length scale Dissipative (Kolmogorov) length scale Dissipation range Inertial range Viscosity is unimportant ….. …….. up to here
Spectral decay model for HIT Skrbek, Stalp: On the decay of homegeneous isotropic turbulence, Physics of Fluids 12, No 8, (2000) 1997 Diff. equation for HIT Classical turbulence The model has been recently verified by computer simulations by Touil, Bertoglio and Shao (J. Turbulence 3 (2002) 049) Direct and large eddy simulations, as well as the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian closure
Simplest case – assume that the energy- containing scale is saturated - D Note – on first approximation, intermittency does not change the power of the decay: For decaying vorticity, several subsequent decaying regimes are predicted:
Step 2 – superfluid turbulence in a pure superfluid (T=0) Quantum length scale
3d energy spectrum of the superfluid homogeneous isotropic turbulence k Spectral energy density (log scale) Energy containing eddies Energy containing length scale Quantum dissipative length scale Dissipation range due to phonon irradiation Inertial range, no dissipation Hypothesis: The form of the superfluid energy spectrum at T=0 is of the form as that of classical turbulence Is there any, at least partial evidence ???
Numerical evidence T. Araki, M.Tsubota and S.K.Nemirovskii, Phys.Rev.Lett.89, 145301(2002): Energy Spectrum of Superfluid Turbulence with No Normal-Fluid Component The energy spectrum containing an inertial range of a Kolmogorov form was obtained under the vortex filament formulation. C. Nore, M. Abid and M.E.Brachet, Phys.Fluids 9, 2644(1997) By solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, they studied the energy spectrum of a Taylor-Green flow. The spectrum shows the -5/3 power on the way of the decay, but the acoustic emission makes the situation complicated. M. Kobayashi and M. Tsubota, PRL94, 65302 (2005) obtained the Kolmogorov spectrum more clearly, by introducing the small- scale dissipation
Experimental evidence in He II, Lancaster, P. McClintock's group Davis et al, Physica B 280, 43 (2000) It is clear that He II turbulence decays (on time scale of seconds) at very low temperature Due to complexity of this experiment, quantitative comparison with the decay model is difficult
Experimental evidence in 3He B, Lancaster, G. Pickett's group
Classical spectral decay model – universal decay Experimental evidence in 3He B – Lancaster (courtesy of S. Fisher)
Step 3 – turbulence within the two-fluid model Energy spectrum is steeper here, due to action of the dissipative mutual friction, not any more strong enough to lock the N and S eddies together The turbulent energy partly leaves the cascade, being transferred into heat, which makes the spectrum steeper Mutual friction beyond some critical k becomes negligibly small again and Kolmogorov scaling is recovered Phonon emission by high k Kelvin waves Richardson cascade Up to here the normal and superfluid eddies are locked together by the mutual friction force. They evolve together and there is negligibly small energy dissipation – hence Kolmogorov scaling D – size of our laboratory box Viscous dissipation Phonon emission by Kelvin waves
Could the entire energy spectrum be experimentally observed? He II Typical cooling power does not exceed about 1 [W] into 1 [liter] of liquid In fluid dynamics, all energies are considered per unit mass, i.e. E [m 2 /s 2 ] Asssuming HIT, we use Main distance between vortices Kolmogorov dissipation length Using a typical-size laboratory cells or flow channels (of order 1 cm) we can, in principle, observe the entire energy spectrum of He II turbulence. Note that during the decay the energy containing length scale, as well as the relevant dissipation scales grow. We can therefore use decaying turbulence to study them more closely
3 He B Typical cooling power does not exceed about 1 [nW] into 1 [cm 3 ] of liquid Asssuming HIT, we get Main distance between vortices Kolmogorov dissipation length Using a typical-size laboratory cells or flow channels (of order 1 cm) we cannot observe the entire energy spectrum of He II turbulence, the normal fluid will always stay stationary. We need a theory for superfluid turbulence in a stationary normal fluid
plays a role of inverse Reynolds number and does NOT depend on the geometry Superfluid flow – by averaging the Euler equation over distance >> intervortex spacing Classical flow - Navier-Stokes equation Re depends on the geometry of flow in question Dissipation
energy in viscous dissipation energy in Dissipation due to mutual friction at large scales Continuous approach is justified if circulation at the smallest scale >>circulation quantum Classical or Kolmogorov regime quantum cutoff L'vov, Nazarenko, Volovik: They describe cascade in the simplest possible manner, using the differential form of the energy transfer term in the energy budget equation E k is the one-dimensional density of the turbulent kinetic energy in the k-space If then the Komogorov scaling is recovered
The flow of energy toward larger wave numbers can be described as a diffusion of energy in k space. It can be shown that this diffusion must obey a nonlinear diffusion equation, which can be written, for the case of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, in the form Vinen considers the effect of mutual friction, which can be written in the form Considering the effect of mutual friction at different length scales Vinen obtains (for all length scales) a characteristic decay time time The Kolmogorov spectrum will survive if this time exceeds the corresponding eddy turn-over time. This is satisfied only for eddies smaller than Bigger eddies cannot exist – they become fast dissipated by mutual friction
He II - experiment k Spectral energy density (log scale) Energy containing eddies Energy containing length scale Dissipative (Kolmogorov) length scale dissipation Inertial range Maurer, Tabeling: Europhysics Lett. 43 (1998) 29 Flow between counterrotating discs U=80cm/s; Re=2x10 6 a-2.3K; b-2.08K; c-1.4 K
Decay of the grid generated turbulence in He II – main features There are four different regimes of the decay of vortex line density (vorticity – if defined as ) in the finite channel, characterized by: Character of the decay does not change with temprature (1,1 K < T < 2,1 K), although the normal to superfluid density ratio does by more than order of magnitude Stalp, Skrbek, Donnelly: Decay of Grid Turbulence in a Finite Channel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 4831 Skrbek, Niemela,Donnelly: Four Regimes of Decaying Grid Turbulence in a Finite Channel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 2973
Energy spectrum – He II grid turbulence Skrbek, Niemela, Sreenivasan: The Energy Spectrum of Grid – Generated Turbulence, Phys. Rev. E 64 (2001) 067301 Is the classically generated He II coflow turbulence the same as classical? Yes – on large length scales, exceeding the quantum length No – on length scales comparable or smaller Quantum length scale
Conclusions (1) Energy spectrum is steeper here, due to action of the dissipative mutual friction, not any more strong enough to lock the N and S eddies together The turbulent energy partly leaves the cascade, being transferred into heat, which makes the spectrum steeper Mutual friction beyond some critical k becomes negligibly small again and Kolmogorov scaling is recovered Phonon emission by high k Kelvin waves Richardson cascade Up to here the normal and superfluid eddies are locked together by the mutual friction force. They evolve together and there is negligibly small energy dissipation – hence Kolmogorov scaling D – size of our laboratory box It seems that co-flow quantum turbulence in He II and 3He B can be, at least approximately, understood, based on the suggested form of the energy spectrum Depending on the energy decay rate and size of the sample, various parts of the spectrum can be probed Does this form of the energy spectrum apply to other systems? (BEC, cosmic strings….)
Does this model also work for counterflow (pure superflow) turbulence in He II above 1K? No Why ? Due to counterflow, large normal and superfluid eddies cannot be locked together, so the dissipationless inertial range cannot exist (Steady state) counterflow turbulence = thermally driven turbulence, similarly as thermal convection Counterflow turbulence phenomenology (Vinen 1957) 2b Vortex ring T 0 Finite T In counterflow, though, if rings with expand Dimensional analysis and analogy with classical fluid dynamics leads to the Vinen equation: production decay Reproduced by Schwarz (1988) – computer simulations Local induction approximation Importance of reconnections
S V Counterflow channel
Steady state data When heater is switched off, the following amount of heat must flow away through the channel (neglecting the channel volume) Assuming quasi-equilibrium, for decaying temperature gradient we get We can use this simple model to estimate the time over which the temperature difference disappears -It is easy to take into account -the volume of the channel itself, assuming linear T gradient along it (i.e., add half of its volume) During this time, although the heater is switched off, the turbulence is NOT isothermal, but is driven by the (decaying) temperature gradient Note: without knowing anything of quantized vortices, this simple model predicts that the extra attenuation decays linearly with time!
Estimating the effective volume (i.e., V +half of the counterflow channel volume) to be 7.5 cm 3 Thermally driven decaying turbulence Isothermal decaying turbulence
Experiments on counterflow turbulence in superfluid He II Joint Low Temperature Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Charles University, Prague Detection method: Second sound attenuation Second sound is generated and detected by oscillating gold-plated porous nuclepore membranes superfluid normal fluid Vinen equation predicts the decay of vortex line density of the form Steady-state data
Can we treat our data on decaying counterflow turbulence as isothermal ? Yes (all our second sound data within experimentally accessible time domain) Direct measurement of the temperature difference across the channel Simple model for decaying temperature gradient when the heater is switched off ( Gordeev, Chagovets, Soukup, Skrbek, JLTP 138 (2005) 554) A net increase of the vortex line density during the decay ?
Depolarization of the vortex tangle? Wang, Swanson, Donnelly, PRB 36 (1987) 5236 vortex tangle generated in the steady state counterflow turbulence is polarized (i)The tangle is fully polarized vortices lying randomly in planes perpendicular counterflow velocity. Second sound is effectively attenuated by their projection to the plane perpendicular to the second sound wave, i.e., by (ii) The tangle is random in 3D Again, the second sound is effectively attenuated by the projection of these vortices to the plane perpendicular to the second sound wave, this time by L "randomization" - transverse second sound would indicate a net growth by a factor up to i.e., up to about 23 %
Decay of counterflow turbulence in He II above 1K for t > t sat the decay of vortex line density (vorticity) both in grid-generated and counterflow-generated He II turbulence displays the classical exponent of -3/2 Skrbek, Gordeev, Soukup: Phys. Rev. E (2003) Stalp, Skrbek, Donnelly: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 4831
After saturation of the energy-containing length scale – universal decay law S10 S6 Dependence on the channel size experimentally confirmed for the first time (even for classical turbulence) The late decay -consistent with Kolmogorov – type turbulence Gordeev, Chagovets, Soukup, Skrbek: J Low Temp. Phys. 138 (2005) 554
He II bath level Turbulence generated by pure superflow Sintered silver superleaks He II heater
The vortex line density decays exponentially Superfluid flow profile is flat – the channel width is no more a relevant parameter Turbulence in He II generated by pure superflow (there is no net normal fluid flow through the channel)
Conclusions (2) Developed turbulence in He superfluids displays features consistent with two different turbulent states Kolmogorov state (classical-like regime) Vinen state (quantum regime) Transitions between these states most likely occur and have been observed (T1 to TII transition as classified by Tough, decay of thermal counterflow) There are experimental data for He II and 3He-B, consistent with the existence of the flow phase diagram predicted by Volovik Do quantum fluids hold the key to unlocking the underlying physics of fluid turbulence? Volovik: JETP Letters 78 (2003) 553 Skrbek: JETP Letters 80 (2004) 474
Typical decay data – pure superflow, T=1.72 K, 6x6 mm channel No heating heating on Decay Overshoot
Stationary data – pure superflow thermal counterflow of He II through superleaks T=1.72 K
Shaft to the cryostat flange and linear driving motor Two counterrotating discs with six blades each Second sound transmitter/receiver
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Howdy, Perhaps a case-sensitivity issue? What happens if you use Redirect instead of redirect? Yoav Shapira Millennium ChemInformatics >-----Original Message----- >From: Chris Ward [mailto:email@example.com] >Sent: Wednesday, January 07, 2004 12:40 PM >To: firstname.lastname@example.com >Subject: RE: Xalan redirect (to file) within Tomcat > > >> Howdy, >> Perhaps if you provided a bit more detail than just "fails >> when used within servlet" then we could help some more ;) > >Ah. Yes. Very good point. > >> Are there any errors in your log? Do you (i.e. the user >> account running tomcat) have write permissions to the >> directory/file you're trying to write? What tomcat version, >> what JDK version, and what OS are you using? > >In the Tomcat console window I get this... > > jstl:; Line 24;email@example.com Column -1; >javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: java.lang.ClassNotF > oundException: redirect > >I've got xalan.jar in my context WEB-INF/lib dir (and in the Tomcat >common/endorsed dir for that >matter). I've eyeballed the xalan.jar and can see Redirect.class in >there. > >I am running Tomcat 4.1.24 and jdk1.3.0_02 and I get the same error >whether using a servlet >or using JSP with JSTL. > >Any ideas anyone? > >Chris > >--------------------------------------------------------------------- >To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com >For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com This e-mail, including any attachments, is a confidential business communication, and may contain information that is confidential, proprietary and/or privileged. This e-mail is intended only for the individual(s) to whom it is addressed, and may not be saved, copied, printed, disclosed or used by anyone else. If you are not the(an) intended recipient, please immediately delete this e-mail from your computer system and notify the sender. Thank you. --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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My total for the month now stands at 22,052 words. Had a good day today so hopefully tomorrow will be to and I can get a few more chapters completed.
Tag Archive | authors
Number 19 stands out to me as the best one and how true it is. I may only be a blogger and trying to be writer but the people I have met on my journey have been absolutely amazing. There is like an instant connection and the support is amazing, I have never known anything like it anywhere I have worked over the years.
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These flowers are for all the writers out there wherever you are. Xx
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I find it a very supporting group of people, I guess that's because we are all in the same boat, just trying to write a best seller.
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I think about writing, stories, plots, characters and poems where ever I am now it's like my brain never turns off, It then gets frustrating when you cannot just get your pen or computer and just get on with it. Lol. I am now off to do some writing before I forget this character I am piecing together from about five people I know.
I don't want to speak to soon but I hear it may be barbecue day on Sunday! xx


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Thinking - Ajahn Amaro This teaching is given freely courtesy of Dharma Seed. Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery
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In a time where we're all threatened by a rhetoric of hate from the people in power; A Gay And A NonGay challenges many of our differences head on and promises that no matter who you are, or what you're into (Bruce Springsteen or Britney), love is love and gay and nongays can be friends.

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Definition of enshrine
transitive verb
1 : to enclose in or as if in a shrine
2 : to preserve or cherish as sacred
enshrinementplay \in-ˈshrīn-mənt, en-\ noun
Examples of enshrine in a Sentence
some teachers tend to enshrine their personal preferences as sacred rules of English grammar
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Citing uncertainty in Washington over the fate of the Affordable Care Act, the Connecticut Senate early Friday unanimously voted to enshrine the women's and children's health provisions into state law.
Faulk, who is one of 11 former SEC players listed on the 2018 ballot, is looking to become the 10th former Tiger enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame.
Washington (CNN)Next week marks the anniversaries of twin American tours de force that liberated and rebuilt Europe, enshrining an unprecedented era of peace and freedom.
The first 59 winners of the Heisman are enshrined, and there are only six eligible Heisman Trophy winners who aren't in the Hall of Fame – and one of them, Michigan's Charles Woodson, became eligible only this year.
America was the place where nearly 4,000 of our fellow citizens were lynched, 540 alone in Louisiana; where the courts enshrined '
Jean thinks they should be enshrined in Cooperstown, too.
America was the place where nearly 4,000 of our fellow citizens were lynched, 540 alone in Louisiana; where the courts enshrined 'separate but equal'; where Freedom riders coming to New Orleans were beaten to a bloody pulp.
He was enshrined in the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1999 and in the National Inventors Hall of Fame on the very day of his death in 2002.
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Origin and Etymology of enshrine
Middle English
First Known Use: 14th centurySee Words from the same year
ENSHRINE Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of enshrine for English Language Learners
: to remember and protect (someone or something that is valuable, admired, etc.)
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- For patients with biomechanical or neuromotor issues, TheraTogs work by allowing the clinician to set the patient's body in proper functional alignment, and letting them re-train their body through the 'practice' of daily activities. By applying prolonged, gentle forces during activity, TheraTogs can actually change the muscle and connective tissue – and for infants and young children, bone and joint development as well – in favor of better function and better alignment.
- For patients with sensory and sensorimotor issues, TheraTogs work by applying consistent, gentle compression and proprioceptive input across the entire trunk, and by offering stability and support in a dynamic system that moves with the patient.
Using TheraTogs as 'wearable therapy', your patient can gain the experience and the benefits of an all-day clinical therapy session. This is what we mean when we tell clinicians they can "send their hands home" with TheraTogs.
Rather than receive only 1 to 3 hours of therapy per week, the typical TheraTogs client receives up to 10 hours of wearable therapy every day – easily up to 50 hours per week!
What are TheraTogs used for?
TheraTogs can be used to address a wide range of neuromotor, postural, and sensory issues. Here are some of the diagnoses that TheraTogs are used for:
Your clinician can tell you if your patient has movement, alignment, or sensory indications that TheraTogs can help with.
How can I buy TheraTogs?
Like the medical device marketplace itself, the answer can be somewhat complicated. There's more detail on our Reimbursement page, but here's a quick list of options to summarize your choices:
- If reimbursement is a factor, request or prescribe TheraTogs through your local O&P Provider. This is especially helpful if your client needs to seek reimbursement by federal, state, or private payor agencies — they typically require billing through orthotists, since most claims treat TheraTogs as an orthotic device.
- If your clinician is buying, he or she can order from any of our catalog distributors.
- If you are buying out-of-pocket, you and your clinician can participate in the Research Partner Program now being offered by Progressive GaitWays, LLC. You can get information about the program from their website or we can send it to you upon request.
Are TheraTogs paid for by health insurance?
In some cases, yes. Check your policy, contact your insurance company, and talk to your clinician to see what circumstances and requirements apply to you. Your clinician has to determine the appropriate billing code, medical necessity and documentation required by the Payor.
Many state Medicaid programs and several private payors, for example, will reimburse for TheraTogs if they are purchased through an approved orthotics clinic or DME facility. Our website has information that may help your clinician answer questions.
Can I buy a TheraTogs system without a prescription?
TheraTogs products are sold through the recommendations of licensed clinicians (physical therapists, occupational therapists, and orthotists) and distributors. They do not require a prescription from a doctor, although you may need a prescription to get reimbursed (see your policy or contact your insurance company for details).
If your clinician doesn't know about TheraTogs, send them to our website or have them contact Customer Service: email@example.com • (888) 634 0495.
How do I know what size to order?
Strictly speaking, your licensed clinician should size and fit the TheraTogs system, although they may contact you between appointments and ask for certain measurements. (Most TheraTogs systems are sized by a combination of weight, shoulder-to-hip length, and hip-to-knee length.)
Do not buy or fit TheraTogs on your own.
For additional information on sizing, please see the links at left and download the Product Sizing Chart.
Is there any research available?
Yes, there have been several studies done on specific TheraTogs applications. There is also a large body of research on the effects of biomechanical correction and sensory input – the kinds of changes that TheraTogs can make.
Check out our Research page for more information. You can also find research specific to each product on the individual product pages.
Can TheraTogs be worn all day, or is there a time limit for wearing?
There is no generic or standard wearing schedule; it depends on what the clinician and the caregivers determine is the best for the patient, and what's most realistic for the patient's circumstances. For most wearers, it's best to start slow, wearing only the garments for a week or so, and then adding strapping if/as needed.
(In many cases, TheraTogs cause the patient to use muscles that have been underused, so fatigue is to be expected.)
How should I care for our TheraTogs?
We provide Product Care instructions with all TheraTogs systems. You should review these with your clinician before you start using the product.
How long will TheraTogs last? Is there a warranty?
It's hard to generalize: garment wearing (and washing) patterns are recommended by the clinician, but carried out by the caregiver – and they can vary dramatically among TheraTogs customers. Obviously, daily wear against skin can be wearing on any fabric.
TheraTogs are designed to last for six months of daily all-day wear. Follow the product care instructions carefully to get the most out of your system. The outer fabric is very durable; the inner foam layer is more delicate. Under normal use, surface blemishes like scrapes, cuts, or stains will occur in the foam layer. TheraTogs continue to perform as long as the foam layer 'grips' the skin.
The product is warranted against manufacturing defects for six months. If you believe your product has a defect within the warranty period, please contact Customer Service right away for a replacement:
(888) 634 0495 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Can I order replacement or additional parts?
Yes—after purchasing a System, you may replace any of the components without buying another system. You can also order additional pieces if needed, as determined by your clinician. See our Ordering Parts web page for more information.
What is a TheraTogs Superhero?
Our creative Italian distributor, Ortopedia Castagna, came up with a great storyline and a handful of really fun animal characters that illustrate how TheraTogs can give the wearer the "super powers" of balance, stability, and functional alignment. Thus, the TheraTogs Team was born – to have adventures and show the world
There's a unique character for each TheraTogs model – Pita the squirrel is shown at right, wearing the Posture & Torso Alignment (PTA) system that gives her super powers. The group makes its home in the San Juan mountains outside of Telluride.
Each TheraTogs wearer is invited to join the superheroes on the team's adventures, or make up their own stories revolving around their own super powers.


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Feel burn on lips
When i eat i feel burning in stomach and on lips from three mouth when i drive food come in Nick i feel stomach uncle always feel stomach is full after that i feel hunngr all time dr has give me rabifit-ls and isadite i am not feeling better
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try eating several small meals instead of three large ones whenever you can...Avoid foods that irritate your stomach, especially those that are spicy, acidic, fried or fatty... avoid coffee,tea etc... Stress may make your gastritis symptoms worse...Stress may be hard to avoid, but you can learn to cope with it. If you have trouble relaxing, consider calming activities, such as meditation, yoga etc...sleep with head raised position and have dinner at least 2 hours before sleep..take over the counter medications with above..consulting doctor if symptoms persists
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- Home » Expat Blogs » Italy » Milan » five one five zero zero
five one five zero zero
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five one five zero zero
I blog about my life in Milan working as a teacher in an international school and the travel I'm able do while living in Europe.
Latest Blog Posts »
- a solution to our problems! 4 months ago living in a foreign country has its quirks.and discovering those quirks makes expat life so very interesting.so let's discuss our current 'quirk' that many of my teacher friends are contemplating.unless you have a doorman or you are at home 24/7, you can not have packages delivered to your...
- renew your US passport...by MAIL! 4 months ago did you know that you can renew your US passport by mail in Italy?considering how the bureaucracy runs around here i was amazed to learn that this was possible.thankfully a coworker had done this before and was able to help me along.and now that i've successfully accomplished this feat i can offer...
- lately... 4 months ago seems i'm getting pretty good about blogging quite a bit and then not. at. all.whoops!so, let's see...back in december i made "gingerbread" houses for both my friends and family to decorate.when my friends decorated the houses here in milan we watched "elf" and i had to be fairly creative when i...
- the *expat* reaction to trump. 6 months ago happy new year's readers!here's a post that's been sitting in draft form for a bit. if any of my italian readers find mistakes in my translations of the headlines, please let me know!-------i was happy to be alone.i put my earbuds in and kept to myself.i wanted to blend into the background.if...
- viva versace! 6 months ago i love fashion.i love interesting outfits, crazy shoes, out of the box style.while my favorite outfit may be yoga pants and a hoodie, i do enjoy seeing what's new in one of the fashion capitals of the world.during this fall's spring/summer '17 women's fashion week i headed across town to hang...
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- 10 Great Things to Do in and Around Milan Expat Blog Awards 2013 Milan is not on every tourist's to do list when visiting Italy, but there are plenty of things to keep you busy at any time of the year. Here are some of the highlights worthy of checking out during a stay in the city. 1. The Duomo-...
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Website Reviews » There is 1 review on five one five zero zero
15:22 PM July 12, 2016
15:22 PM July 12, 2016
Thank you for sharing this useful info for the things to see in Milan


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I have a problem with my friends car. The obd error code is p0111 powertrain intake air temperature circuit range/ performance problem.
I have replaced the MAF sensor on the car and the IAT sensor is included in that setup. But i still have the same problem the system says that the air temperature is 114°C
I was wondering if any one has ever had this problem and could maybe share some pointers. The next thing i am going to do is see if the cables from the sensor might be broken.
The car is a volvo s60 2006 with the 2.0 turbo


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Get an overview of this hotelMotel with free breakfast, walk to Titanic Museum
Popular property highlights
Situated in Branson, this motel is within a 10-minute walk of Stone Hill Winery and Titanic Museum. Hollywood Wax Museum and World's Largest Toy Museum are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Property Features
An outdoor pool, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk are available at this smoke-free motel. Free continental breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, express check-out, a garden, and a TV in a common area are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 52 rooms offer free WiFi, coffee makers, and TVs with cable channels. Other amenities available to guests include free local calls, hair dryers, and desks.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Branson Vacation Inn & Suites
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Branson motel also offers an outdoor pool, a garden, and laundry facilities. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Branson Vacation Inn & Suites is a smoke-free property.
- Free WiFi
- Express check-out
- Garden
- Total number of rooms - 52
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Television in common areas
- Number of floors - 2
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Outdoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
- Television
- Coffee/tea maker
- Air conditioning
- Free local calls
- Daily housekeeping
- Hair dryer
- Bathtub or shower
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the motel include an outdoor pool.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 11 PM
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are available for USD 10 per night.
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 12 per pet, per night
- Up to 30 lb
- Restrictions apply
- For more information contact the property at the number on the booking confirmation
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Optional extras
- Pet fee: USD 12 per pet, per night
- Refrigerator fee: USD 8 per night
- In-room microwave fee: USD 5 per night
- Crib (infant bed) fee: USD 10 per night
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
Hotel Name
- Branson Inn
- Branson Vacation
- Branson Vacation Inn
- Branson Vacation Inn And Suites
We should mention
Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).


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Britain's all-woman trio of Thomson, Karen Dixon and Ginny Elliot won the team contest, defeating the Australians by 15 points.
Dixon's fifth place on the seven-year-old Get Sharpe gave her sufficient points to overtake New Zealand's Blyth Tait and Mark Todd and so regain the lead in the Land Rover FEI Three-Day Event world rankings.
Hoy, a member of Australia's winning Olympic team in Barcelona, had a worrying journey from England to France.
Initially turned away at the exit port because he was not in possession of a valid visa, he had to travel to London to sort out the paperwork before he could make the trip.
The effort proved worthwhile since his young horse gave him a wonderful ride. He now rates Darian Powers as an Olympic prospect for Atlanta.
Thomson, Dixon and Elliot were equally delighted with their young horses, as was Matt Ryan, the Australian Olympic champion, who finished third on Hinnegar.
- More about:
- Horse-Riding
- Horses
- Lions
- Shane Warne


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Unit, 14, 5 Lower Tyers Road, Ngauranga, Wellington
Price On Application
- Proposed Usage
- Industrial
- Floor Area
- 1326.00 m²
- Property ID
- 1bqmn0b
Enquire about this property
Still cheaper to own than lease. Lock in your interest rate with your bank, stop paying rent and put your business into this super central warehouse/workshop.
A simple watertight warehouse just 10 minutes from Wellington CBD, the Hutt and Porirua. Self contained with own toilets and kitchen/lunchroom and mezzanine offices.
Please call Tim or Kieran to discuss further or arrange an inspection.


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Québec Outfitters Federation
Organization Regions: Québec City and Area, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Baie-Jamesmore , Bas-Saint-Laurent, Centre-du-Québec, Charlevoix, Chaudière-Appalaches, Duplessis, Eeyou Istchee, Gaspésie, Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Lanaudière, Laurentides, Manicouagan, Mauricie, Montérégie, Nunavik, Outaouais, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean City : Québec CityDistrict : Borough des Rivières
The Québec Outfitters Federation (QOF) is where to go to learn about nature destinations in the province. This powerful tourist network offers accommodations and quality services, with products intended for hunters, fishers and families, as well as nature lovers seeking to enjoy the great outdoors.
Toll free : 1 800 567-9009
Telephone : 418 877-5191E-mail
Activities and services
- Accommodation assistance
- Documentation / publications


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Today's Devotional
You Have EnoughHow can you offer God your best today?
Top Music Videos
angela74's FavoritesBack to angela74's channel.
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- Twin Babies Have a ConversationAdorable baby twin boys are carrying on a delightful conversation. Can I get a translator please??ourprecioussavior2011-03-29T15:27:36316,105 views00:02:07


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Sol Campbell vowed today that the knockout stages of the World Cup will bring out the best in England.
The Arsenal defender believes Sven-Goran Eriksson's side will respond to the pressure of the match against Denmark in Niigata on Saturday. Campbell said: "This is where England want to be, where I want to be - on the edge. It brings the best out in me and is definitely going to bring the best out of the players.
"We did enough against Nigeria but you will see a lot more out of the players. We have got to win - it doesn't matter who you play, big country or small country. If we get a chance we will be banging it in."
England have no new injury concerns for the game, which will be played here in northern Japan in cooler, evening conditions. Bayern Munich midfielder Owen Hargreaves, injured against Argentina, will not feature against Denmark but Arsenal's Ashley Cole was expected to train today despite picking up a slight calf problem in yesterday's game.
Campbell, who is poised to win his 50th cap against the Danes, also praised his defensive partner Rio Ferdinand, the £18million Leeds star who has been England's player of the tournament so far.
Campbell said: "Rio is fantastic, he is playing great football. We have just got to keep it going and not get carried away. It's better for the whole team to chip in. As games go on there is going to be one player who plays well in the next game then someone else who plays well in another."
Campbell believes the team are learning to deal with the heat and humidity of afternoon games following yesterday's 0-0 draw with Nigeria. He said: "The temperature was right up there - and the humidity. We played a better game, we slowed it down. We are learning and we have to learn. There are going to be a few games like that on the way to the final."
And as for whether the Gunners centre-back would step forward to take a penalty should England need another shoot-out to decide the game, Campbell admitted: "I will be at the back of the list for the penalties, and I would much rather we finished the game off in the 90 minutes."
Meanwhile, Ferdinand has warned England not to take Denmark for granted. He said: "It's dangerous to believe that we'll roll Denmark over just because their players are with smaller Premiership sides. France were the best in the world coming into this, and we saw what the Danes did to them."
The Leeds defender added: "It has always been a dream and ambition of mine to be recognised as one of the best defenders in the world. That was why I got into football, not just to make up the numbers.
"I push myself every minute of the day to be the best, all of my life I've not been afraid to work hard."
Teddy Sheringham has expressed his delight at the early exit of Group F rivals Argentina. The Tottenham striker said: "It was very sweet to see Argentina go out. It was just a shame it was not us actually knocking them out, instead of Sweden.
"It would have been great to actually have walked off the pitch and seen the Argentinian players' faces if we had dumped them out. If we see them on the way home on the coach we'll give them a wave."
Danny Mills also revealed that England were equipped with special ice jackets to cope with yesterday's searing heat in Osaka.
Mills said: "At half-time the physio Gary Lewin handed out what are basically white bodywarmers soaked in iced water.
"It was strange for players more used to staying warm than cooling down, but the jackets are imperative in such extreme conditions.
"I cannot overstate how much yesterday's conditions hindered a freeflowing game of football. I'd never played in such intense heat and humidity, and my feet were on fire for the rest of the evening."
VOTE: Should Sven drop Heskey?
The making of Rio Ferdinand
McClaren: It may take a bit of magic
Head-to-head against Denmark


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Dr. Adrian Shaw: Conclusion (2) The Blacklist : Season 4 Episode 8
TV-14 NBC 43m
Aired: November 10th, 2016 @ 8:00 PM CDT on NBC
Red pressures Dr. Shaw to locate a former patient. Liz contemplates the implications of her ties to an increasingly desperate and dangerous Alexander Kirk. Mr. Kaplan comes to a critical realization about her future.


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Business Law takes in all aspects of forming, owning, operating and buying or selling a business.
Udall business law attorneys offer numerous services to assist its business clients in the areas of commercial law, corporate law, and litigation management.
As general counsel to a variety of businesses, Udall utilizes its business acumen to offer support and assistance to its corporate clients. The Firm regularly assists clients with:
Business Counseling
- Business Formation
- Capitalization
- Operational Issues
- Employment Matters
- General Transaction Matters
- Purchase or Sale of Business
- Leases
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Loan Transactions & Documentation
- Promissory Notes
- Deed of Trust & Mortgages
- Article 9 Security Agreements
- Collection and Enforcement
Licensing & Other Agreements
- Confidentiality Agreements
- Trade Secrets
- Licensing / Royalty Agreements
- Restrictive Covenants, Non-Compete Agreements
Entity Formation
- Corporations, both Profit and Non-Profit
- Limited Liability Companies
- Partnerships
Whether the client is opening its first small business or creating a subsidiary or a multi-national corporation, Udall Law Firm is there from start to finish.
Udall Law Firm lawyers that practice Business Law – click here


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The University of Louisville will open play in the NCAA Tournament for the 41st time on Friday when the Cardinals play UC-Irvine.
The Cardinals are the No. 4 seed in the East Region and will play the Anteaters at 4:10 p.m. ET at KeyArena in Seattle.
Here are a few key numbers to remember heading into the tournament:
2-2 - While Louisville is playing in the state of Washington for the first time in school history, the Cardinals are 2-2 against teams from the state. The Cardinals are 2-1 against Washington and 0-1 against Gonzaga.
4 - The number of former Cardinals who played professional ball in Seattle. Bud Olsen played one season for the Seattle SuperSonics, while Butch Beard, Scooter McCray and Pervis Ellison also played one season there.
5 - U of L is playing in the East Region for the fifth time in school history, making the Elite Eight in 1997 and 2008 with an East draw.
5-1 Louisville had the best record in the ACC at 5-1 in games decided by four points or less or in overtime.
7-1 - U of L's record against No. 13 seeds all-time in the tourney.
7-4 - U of L's record in the NCAA playing in the East Region.
10-0 - U of L will play UC-Irvine for the first time ever, but the Cardinals are 10-0 against teams from the Big West Conference. U of L has beaten Hawaii three times and Long Beach State twice, while earning one win over Cal Poly, UC Davis, UC Santa Barbara, UC Riverside and CSU Northridge.
16-9 - Louisville's record in NCAA Tournament games as a No. 4 seed. The Cardinals made it to the Final Four in 2005 and '12 as the No. 4 seed.
20 - Louisville's all-time appearances in the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament. Only North Carolina (25), Kentucky (25) and Duke (22) rank ahead of the Cardinals. Kansas is tied with U of L at 20.
23-19 - Louisville's record against California colleges, including seven wins over UCLA all-time.
41 - Louisville's all-time NCAA Tournament appearances, which ranks only behind Kentucky (55), North Carolina (46), UCLA (45) and Kansas (44).
41-7 - Rick Pitino's NCAA record against higher seeded teams.
49-9 - U of L's record as a higher seed in the NCAA Tournament.
50-17 - U of L coach Rick Pitino's all-time record in NCAA Tournament games, which ranks second among active coaches.
5 - The ACC leads all conferences with five teams among the schools that are seeded No. 1, 2, 3 or 4.
6 - Current ACC schools have won six of the last 14 NCAA titles, including Louisville (2013), Duke ('10, '01), North Carolina (''09, '05) and Syracuse ('03). The AAC and SEC are tied for second with three apiece.
15 - Schools that are currently members of the ACC have won 15 NCAA titles all-time led by North Carolina with five. Duke has four, Louisville three, North Carolina State two and Syracuse one.
29 - The ACC schools have the most NCAA title game appearance – 29 – and is seven ahead of the next conference – the Big Ten.
565 - The number of NCAA Tournament wins by the current 15 members of the ACC. The number ranks first among any conference, ahead of the 404 by the Big Ten and 330 by the Southeastern Conference.
.656 - The ACC has a .656 winning percentage since the NCAA Tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985. The league is 277-145.
See what Louisville fans are saying here
Show your support—get your gear here!


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Do not hesitate to alter existing laws if you can improve upon them. Laws should be consistent and immediate in their action. Make lawsuits costly and industries profitable. Your judgements should be given with care, for they will pass into law. Manage your state as you would your private property; be munificent yet economical, show your magnificence not in extravagant display but in purchasing possessions which are beautiful and lasting.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.


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What size is your business?
Tailor made advice for you & your business
Access all our archived tax news
June 2017
- IHT: main residence nil-rate band
From April 2017, each individual spouse or civil partner will be offered a residence nil rate band (RNRB), which is designed to read more.
- Reform of landlords' taxation?
The government's plans to allow landlords to use the cash basis for tax purposes were confirmed in the 2017 Spring Budget, but although the proposed... read more.
- CGT annual exemption: use it or lose it!
Capital gains tax (CGT) is normally paid when an item is either sold or given away. It is usually paid on profits made by selling various types of... read more.
- Brexit legislation update
The House of Commons Library has published two research briefing papers entitled read more.
- June questions and answers
Q. Before I became registered for VAT, I bought a capital item from a friend, which cost read more.
- June key tax dates
19/22 - PAYE/NIC, student loan and CIS deductions due for month to 5/6/2017. read more.
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Unformatted text preview: 1 1 Ruta Nimkar is a Graduate Student at Yale University. F ROM B OSNIA TO B AGHDAD T HE C ASE FOR R EGULATING P RIVATE M ILITARY AND S ECURITY C OMPANIES Ruta Nimkar Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have earned a place in the spotlight recently due primarily to charges of human rights abuses in Iraq. However, the industry has been growing rapidly for over two decades, and has had significant impact on conflicts in Sierra Leone, Bosnia, and Papua New Guinea, among others. This article examines the difference between modern military companies and mercenaries. It then outlines the factors that gave rise to the PMSC industry and analyzes the threats and opportunities associated with PMSC presence. Four case studies are presented and factors associated with positive PMSC intervention are identified. The current state of policy regarding private militaries is reviewed, and the paper closes with suggestions on future policy directions. I NTRODUCTION On September 16, 2007, violent gunfire erupted in Nisoor Square, Bagh- dad. When the smoke cleared, officials confirmed that 28 innocent Iraqi civilians had died in the incident. Guns had been fired – not by coalition troops, nor by insurgents – but by employees of Blackwater, a private company selling military services. More than ten years earlier, in 1995, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) amassed forces outside the capital of Sierra Leone. They threatened to topple the government, creating chaos and instability. The RUF's plans 2 were disrupted, not by UN or ECOMOG troops, but by soldiers from Executive Outcomes, another private military company. Executive Out- comes' interventions stabilized the government and permitted democratic elections to be held. Over the last 20 years, the private military and security industry has grown rapidly, in terms both of the number of active private military and security companies (PMSCs) and of the range of activities in which PMSCs are involved. The policy environment in which PMSCs operate, on the other hand, has remained static. This article argues that, given the widespread presence of PMSCs and the variety of potential outcomes from PMSC intervention, it is essential to develop a uniform policy framework within which PMSCs can operate. The first section of the article draws a distinction between PMSCs and mercenaries and describes the evolution of the former. The second section outlines a selection of PMSC interventions, as well as criteria associated with success in PMSC operations. Finally, the current policy environment is considered and policy recommendations are made. M ERCENARIES : P AST AND P RESENT Hired soldiers have a long history. Their presence in warfare can be traced to circa 1294 B.C., when King Ramses hired Numidians to fight in the battle of Kadesh between Egypt and the Hittites (Taulbee 1998, 145)....
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This note was uploaded on 02/01/2012 for the course POLS 494 taught by Professor Garymoncrief during the Fall '11 term at Boise State.
- Fall '11
- GaryMoncrief
- The Land
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|0 First AVE
0 First AVE Lincolnville, ME 04849
Square Footage: 0 sq ft
Lot Size (Acres): 0.0800
Created in 1956, this lot offers you private access to pristine and beautiful Pitcher Pond. It's 70 feet deep, and 50 feet wide at both the water and road edges. It sits high above the water with stunning views. Ledge outcroppings take you down to the water. Secure your place on this beautiful and quiet pond. Have a place to keep your boat on your own float, or camp out on your own private waterfront lot! Shoreland zoning 100 foot setback applies, so no building on this site.


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We know there are great things happening at your school and in the community, and we want to be a part of it! Let us know about your upcoming events and how we can provide support by emailing Communications and Operations Manager Karen Hensley.
Upcoming Events and Opportunities
This page will be updated as opportunities are shared with us.


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Season Long Equipment Leases
Thank you for leasing your ski or snowboard equipment from Bolton Valley this season. It has been an excellent season and we hope you all had many powder days on the mountain.
This year's lease equipment is due back by Sunday, April 9. If you would like to extend your lease past April 9, please call (802) 434-3444, ext. 8, or email us at email@example.com to make arrangements for a later drop off date. Fees will apply if you drop off after April 9 without making arrangements for a later drop off in advance.
2016-17 Season Long Leases are due back to BV Sports by Sunday, April 9.
Shop Hours:
- Saturday 4/1: 8:30am - 10:30pm
- Sunday 4/2: 8:30am - 4:30
- Monday and Tuesday 4/3 and 4/4: CLOSED
- Wednesday and Thursday 4/5 and 4/6: 9am - 5pm
- Friday, Saturday, and Sunday 4/7, 4/8, and 4/9: 8:30am - 5:30pm
Pro Tip: The longest lines (and wait times) for returning equipment happen at the end of the day. Due to this you have two choices. 1) Arrive earlier in the day to avoid the lines or 2) strike up a conversation with the person next to you in line to pass the time if you encounter a wait.
While you are at the shop be sure to take advantage of the late season sale where most items are 40% off. We are also selling some of our lease inventory. Ask at the shop for details.
If you cannot make it up to the mountain during shop hours, please drop your gear off at the hotel front desk. Leave it in the lobby if the desk is not staffed, but please be sure to put your name on the boots and ski/board.
2017-18 season long equipment leases are on sale now. Purchase your equipment lease online today! 2017-18 All Access Season Passes are also on sale now. Lease and pass rates will increase after April 3.
Thanks for your business and have a great spring & summer,
The BV Sports Staff


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This week's Crock Pot Thursday recipe may be the most raved about recipe so far. Everyone adored it, and say they definitely plan on making it again. In fact, I made it twice in one week. Not because we loved it (although we did) but because I messed it up so royally the first time, I had to take another stab at it. Let me explain…
Last Thursday morning we were blanketed in close to a foot of snow. Both kids had snow days, and my planned morning trip to the store was scrapped. I figured I would just have to make the French Dip Subs on Friday, which would have been fine. Instead, the roads cleared fairly early, and we ended up running to the store after all. I was still waaayyy behind schedule for a recipe that needed eight hours to cook, so I figured I could cook it on high for four hours instead of low for eight. I was wrong. It was tough and dry, which was a total bummer because the au jus was amazing, and we were getting texts from family members telling us how much they were loving dinner.
I felt terrible. And like a jackass. I sawed that beef as thinly as I could, while my husband watched with a smirk, offering to fetch me a chisel or an ice pick. When he sneaked a bite of roast and popped it in his mouth, it sounded like he was chewing celery. Slow cooked meat should not crunch. He took a break from busting my balls to lament, "I really could have liked this." I know what you're thinking, and you're right. He IS a lucky man. Sometimes I marvel at his good fortune while I'm polishing my Wife of the Year trophy.
It wasn't completely terrible. The flavor was awesome, and my husband had seconds. The next night, I sliced the rest of the meat, tossed it in my dutch oven with another round of broth and onion soup mix, and simmered it for two hours. It was as good as everyone claimed.
I repeated the recipe early this week partially so I could critique it properly, but mostly to redeem myself. For a recipe that is easy, easy, easy, I sure have put quite a bit of time into it. When you read the recipe it will be obvious that the blame for last week's disaster is all mine.
Crock Pot French Dip Subs
- 2.5 lb chuck roast (or any cut of roast)
- 1 packet dry onion soup mix
- 1 can of beef broth
- sliced or shredded cheese (mozzarella, provolone, or swiss work great)
- 6 sub rolls


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NURENBERG – Which country offers the cheapest coach tickets? In a European comparison average ticket prices in the UK rank third behind France and Germany. Whereas in these two countries the market for intercity buses was only recently liberalised, the UK boasts itself of a securely established low-cost coach industry. Even after decades, customers still benefit from inexpensive tickets while newly founded coach companies from the continent are likely to cause renewed cuts in prices.
The international bus search engine CheckMyBus calculated the European intercity bus price index, for which the top ten connections in the individual countries were analysed. The top two spots are taken by France with an average of only 1.05 pence per kilometre and Germany with 1.85 pence per kilometre. This is in so far not surprising as the market for low-cost intercity buses was only recently opened in Germany (2013) and France (2015) and heated competition between young coach companies is resulting in particularly inexpensive tickets. On the contrary, in Spain the coach market is subject to strict regulations, which is why taking the bus is most expensive there. Due to Europe's current tendency to deregulate markets, however, more and more people in Spain speak up for a liberalised coach market.
Despite its established coach market, the UK ranks securely in third place with 2.41 pence per kilometre. Britain thus manages to prove that inexpensive bus journeys are still possible even after prices reached a plateau and the initial race for market leadership is over. Eurolines UK, megabus and National Express exist side by side and offer a fairly adjusted price and service level. However, the competition is likely to be rekindled as FlixBus sets sail for the British Isles: On 24 March the German market leader launched a connection from Paris to London with ticket prices starting at 9 euros – a connection for which travellers had to pay a minimum of £15 with Eurolines UK up to now. With its subsidiaries FlixBus Italia and FlixBus France, the bus provider has forced existing and new coach companies in these countries to re-evaluate their prices and to prove themselves when faced with special deals and €1-tickets – the same might hold true for the UK.
Tickets for only £1 are no novelty in the UK, however, with Scottish bus company megabus regularly advertising its low-cost fares. Customers, who compare prices before booking their ticket, can save up to 95 per cent on popular bus routes, such as Sheffield-London or London-Manchester. "Even on a settled coach market the cheapest ticket always goes to the customer who compares prices – especially so on highly frequented intercity connections. As the example of Italy shows though, a market entry of FlixBus could still shake things up much to the benefit of the low-budget traveller," declares Marc Hofmann, CEO of CheckMyBus. Possible results of a British FlixBus venture are reduced maximum prices, more special deals and a higher amount of inexpensive bus connections to and from mainland Europe as well as within the UK.


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(770) 458-5561
Invisalign takes a modern approach to straightening teeth, using a custom-made series of aligners created for you and only you.
These aligner trays are made of smooth, comfortable and virtually invisible plastic that you wear over your teeth. Wearing the aligners will gradually and gently shift your teeth into place, based on the exact movements Doctor Kaplan plans out for you. There are no metal brackets to attach and no wires to tighten or change. You just pop in a new set of aligners approximately every two weeks, until your treatment is complete. You'll achieve a great smile with little interference in your daily life; you can still eat and drink what you want.With removable aligners you are still able to brush and floss normally to maintain healthy gums and teeth. Please note that more complex problems and significant bite improvements still require traditional braces. The best part about the whole process is that most people won't even know you're straightening your teeth.
Using advanced 3-D computer-imaging technology; Invisalign formulates your complete treatment plan, from the initial position of your teeth to the final desired position. The next step is a series of clear aligners are custom-made for your teeth, they will move them little by little. Each aligner is worn for approximately two weeks before being replaced by the next in the series, until the final position of your teeth is achieved. Doctor Kaplan will determine your Invisalign treatment time; this is based on your specific needs.
Please note that because they are removable, patient compliance is extremely important with aligners. Invisalign is a wonderful option for many patients, however it is not ideal for every case.
Visit www.invisalign.com for more information…


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Athanasios Martinos, father΄s name Ioannis, mother΄s name Athina, was born on 1st of January 1950. He graduated from the department of B .S. c Economics-Athens University (1974) and he also studied Shipping in London (1968-1969).
Mr. Athanasios Martinos is the Managing Director of Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Limited (company managing seagoing vessels).


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Priscila bueno
Mais ideias provenientes do(a) Priscila
Ilustração Star Wars
Oh this is bangin! I didn't even notice it was in the shape of the characters until Han.
Mashups de Hora da Aventura!
"Skull Collection" por Mike Koubou, ilustrador e designer gráfico da Grécia. + http://www.mikekoubou.com/
Best Art Ever (This Week) - 01.02.12 - ComicsAlliance | Comic book culture, news, humor, commentary, and reviews
Best "The Joker" joker card I've ever seen. …
Tyler Kirkham - Batman, Poison Ivy, Catwoman and Harleyquinn
Dustin Nguyen - Batman
Tyler Kirkham - Batman, Poison Ivy, Catwoman and Harleyquinn


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Notebook: Pistons pay price for being Central-ly located
Credit: The Associated Press
WALTHAM — The Celtics have a 12-14 record and sit atop the Atlantic Division.
The Detroit Pistons have a 12-14 record and are nine games behind the Indiana Pacers in the Central Division.
As with so many things, it's all about location, location, location.
And as well as the C's have been playing of late, winning five of their last seven games, the Pistons are coming off a 101-96 win Monday at Indiana, the Pacers' first home loss of the season.
So all 12-14 records are not created equal.
"I've always thought they were one of the more talented teams, especially in the East," coach Brad Stevens said of the Pistons. "They've got a 3-man who's playing like an All-Star in Josh Smith (30 points Monday), who is not your normal 3-man. You've got a guy like (Greg) Monroe who's a bona fide scorer, can get the ball on either block and score, drive from the elbows and score and can make mid-range shots.
"(They have), other than Dwight Howard, maybe the next most athletic center in the league in Andre Drummond. And then you've got perimeter guys in (Rodney) Stuckey, (Brandon) Jennings, (Chauncey) Billups, you know, going down the line. (Will) Bynum . . . (Kentavious) Caldwell-Pope's playing well. So you've got a lot of guys that can do a lot of things, so they're a very formidable group, in my opinion."
Added Jeff Green, "We know that they're playing well right now, and we know that Josh is playing very well. But the strategy that they had going into that game (against the Pacers) is probably going to be different for us, so we don't know necessarily how they're going to come in playing us and what's their focus. So we're expecting a different look when we play them. But we're going to be ready to play. We know that they're playing good, so we're just going to make sure we're prepared to do what we need to do."
What the Celtics need to do is rebound and play inside a whole lot better than they did Nov. 3 when they met the Pistons in Auburn Hills, Mich. On that night, the C's were outscored in the paint, 54-38, and were outrebounded, 44-37. The Pistons got to 15 offensive rebounds for a 19-8 edge in second-chance points, which added up to a 10-point win over the Celts, who lost for the third time in as many starts.
Since then, the C's have become better at getting rebounding help from different sources.
"It started after the first exhibition game," Stevens said. "We got beat, 46-26, on the glass by Toronto, and from that point on it was, 'We have to be a perimeter rebounding team.' And we haven't been great all year by any means, but any time we need to refocus ourselves, that's usually where we head."
The Celts have tried to get their bigger people to occupy their own men, while others, who may not be under such a size disadvantage, move in to collect caroms.
"I think because we're so small, that's going to be the case," Stevens said. "And, being quite honest with you, that's the majority of the teams I've coached, just because we've been a little bit undersized at the 4 and usually at the 5. Very rarely have we had a 5 that could just hit or block out and go get the ball against the best of the best. If you don't hit Drummond, as far as getting a body on him or if you don't keep a body on him, he's going to dunk it, and that's a bad deal. And we saw that a lot, it seemed like, in the first game against Detroit."
Better at home
The Celts have improved recently to get their home record over .500 at 7-6.
"You're talking about establishing a consistency of results, where I'm focused on how we're playing," Stevens said. "I don't know that we've played as well the last two games (wins over the New York Knicks and Minnesota Timberwolves) as we did in some of our losses. So I think the bottom line is we've been fortunate to win. We've got a great homecourt. Our crowds are great. Hopefully we can continue to get the result we want but play better. That's what we'll try to strive to do any time we're playing, and certainly at home." . . .
Green feigned anger when told he wasn't given a blocked shot on a late Nikola Pekovic dunk attempt Monday.
"They didn't give me credit for it?" Green said. "Damn, that's fantasy points. I got a piece of it right at the last minute."


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Join us to celebrate 10 years of adventures with the young adventurous knight Sir Charlie Stinky Socks. Hear of his daring deeds and close shaves with monsters, dragons and sweetle beetles, accompanied by his good grey mare and pet cat envelope. An hour of fun, mystery and magic awaits!
This event is appropriate for ages 4+ All children under 12 must be accompanied by a ticket holding adult.
This event will take place at The Crown and Cushion Hotel.
© The Theatre, Chipping Norton | Registered Charity No. 268154 | Registered VAT number 121869271 | All rights reserved | site by RED BOX


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October 31, 2011
Is there a third option?
Good for you.
I'll be watching tv quietly and avoiding anyone who knocks on my door. It's not because I dislike people or sharing my food*. It's because I have nothing good to share. Seriously. A quick inventory of my foodstuffs reveals the following "treats":
1. Sugar-free hot chocolate packets: approximately 50.
2. Applesauce cups: 4.
3. Twinkies: 2.
4. 100-calorie guacamole packets: 5.
5. Mint Chap-Stick: 23.
6. Diet Coke cans: 15.
Of those, only the twinkies could reasonably be called treats, right? I only have them because they're leftover from the mummy cakes I made for TheBoy's Halloween party.
But if I give those out, I can satisfy all of two kids. Not acceptable. I imagine the rest of the children would form a horde and egg my apartment door.
So I have chosen to binge eat the twinkies myself and pretend to not be home. Win-win!
*Though I totally do.


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Types of Aid
Scholarships and Grants
Federal PELL Grant
The Pell Grant is a federal funded grant for undergraduate students with financial need. This grant does not have to be repaid unless the student withdraws completely from classes and may owe a refund.
Maximum Annual Award Amounts for a Zero Estimated Family Contribution (EFC) student:
2016-2017 $5,815.00
2017-2018 $5,920.00
The annual Pell amount for Non-Zero EFC students is prorated based on the College's annual cost of attendance and the student's EFC that is calculated by the Department of Education based on the information reported on the FAFSA. Award amounts will also be adjusted based on the actual number of hours in which the student is enrolled per term.
Information you need to know:
- The student must be a US citizen or eligible non-citizen.
- The student must be enrolled in a Title IV (federal) eligible program
- The student must not have a Bachelor's Degree.
- The student cannot be a current high school student.
- A student can only receive Pell at one school during a given time period. If you are planning to attend more than one school, you need to decide which school you want to receive your Pell award at and communicate that with that school. Failure to do so may result in you having to pay that money back.
- For students receiving the Pell Grant for the first time on or after July 1, 2008 the Pell Grant will end after the student has received Pell Grant payments for 18 semesters.
- The Pell Grant is prorated based on the student's EFC and number of hours the student is enrolled; a student does not have to be fulltime.
- CGTC students taking transient course(s) at another institution will not be eligible to receive Pell for the transient course(s).
- Students must not be in default or owe an overpayment on any Title IV grant (Pell) or loan.
- Complete withdrawal affects a student's eligibility. Per Federal Pell Grant regulations, the student can only receive the amount of Pell funds of which they earn during enrollment for a term. In the event the student withdraws before the 60% enrollment point for a term, the student will be required to pay back any unearned portion of the Pell Grant they have received. This will include funds used for tuition and fees, book purchases and any refund the student has received. The unearned funds are returned to the Department of Education as required by federal Return to Title IV regulations.


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With classic Swiss attention to quality, each Swiss Development Group property offers the combination of a highly desirable location, architectural distinction, and exceptional amenities. The company's unrelenting focus on detail ensures stunning results and superior quality.
SDG engages esteemed architects and designers, and collaborates with leading luxury brands to create innovative destinations that transform architectural ideals into enviable living environments. Landmark historic properties are restored with care and re-envisioned with the sensibilities of today's sophisticated clientele in mind. Newly constructed properties push the boundaries of ingenuity to capture the essence of life well lived while respecting the integrity of the natural surroundings.
All properties are designed to meet the standards of environmentally responsible development, thus enhancing the well-being of residents, guests and local communities. Complementing the architecture, each property elevates the experience of its particular location with amenities and services uniquely suited to the regional character and lifestyle.
Du Parc Kempinski Private Residences is a landmark Belle Époque building in the village of Le Mont-Pèlerin, just one hour from Geneva by car. Purchased by Swiss Development Group in 2007, the seven-story grand hotel, which was originally constructed in 1906, is being carefully restored ...SEE MORE
Located in Leukerbad, Switzerland, an Alpine town famous for its natural beauty,withinthe Loèche les Bains thermal spring area, 51° Spa Residences will be a newly constructed residential and hospitality destination with 28 private luxury residences and a hotel operated by a 5-star international hotel brand.SEE MORE
Six Senses Mont Blanc is situated atop Mont d'Arbois in the Haute-Savoie region of eastern France. At an altitude of 1,800 metres, the property is only accessible by cable cars from Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Megève ...SEE MORE
SDG is partnering with Dolphin Capital Partners in the redevelopment of a Nikki Beach hotel located on beachfront property in Porto Heli Bay in Greece. The redevelopment, which will take advantage of favourable permitting terms and the unique location, will include renovation of a one-of-a-kind1970s-style hotel.SEE MORE


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You can reduce the number of items displayed by entering a keyword that must be included in the description of the item.
1932-33 Bodyline Tour: 'The Sporting Globe Cricket Book 1932-3' by Baillie [Melbourne, 1932]. Fair/Good condition. Scarce 'Body-Line' tour guide.
Abc Cricket Books (38) from 1947-92, plus other cricket books/tour guides (16) including 'Souvenir of Australian Cricket Tour 1930', golf book.
Limited edition cricket books, by Ronald Cardwell, noted 'The Fifty Best Australian Cricket Books of All Time' (36/50) [Sydney, 2006], 'James Lilywhite's XI in Goulburn 1876' (31/111) [Sydney, 2007], 'On Tour with Brian Booth' (
Limited edition cricket books, by Mike Batty, 'Bill Bernau and the New Zealand Cricket Tour of England 1927' (85/99) [Auckland, 2001], 'Hardly Annuals - William Henry Newton and the New Zealand Cricketers' Annual' (30/33) [Auckland, 2
Pakistan cricket books, noted 'Encyclopedia of Pakistan Cricket 1947-48 to 2004' by Baloch & Parvez [Pakistan, 2005], 'Babes of Cricket to World Champion' by butt [Karachi, 1996], 'Cornered Tigers - a History of Pakistan's Test
Cricket books, noted 'Cricket Cigarette and Trade Cards' by Deadman [London, 1985], 'Men in White - the History of New Zealand International Cricket: By Neely, King & Payne [Auckland, 1986], 'A History of West Indies Cricket' by Ma
A Bibliography of cricket' by Padwick [1st edition, London, 1977], plus 'Padwick's Bibliography of Cricket Vol.II' by Eley & Griffiths [London, 1991].
Limited edition cricket books, noted 'The International Aboriginal Cricketers V Illawarra' by Fleming (218/300) [NSW, 1968], 'The West Indian Tour of England 1906' by Wolstenholme (280/500) [UK, 1992], 'Horan's Diary - the Australia
Thick volume titled on spine 'Pamphlets on Cricket', containing 'Cricket and Cricketers in 1875' ('John Lillywhite's Cricketer's Companion For 1876'), Plus 'James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Annual' for 1877, 18
Limited edition Bradman's Invincibles photograph 1909/2000, 101 cm wide, 71 cm high
Six volumes: NSW Cricket Association Year Book
Three large pictorial volumes, 'The Noblest game: a book of fine cricket prints', 'Harrods a Palace in Knightsbridge', '50 Masterpieces of Photography by Dr Julian Smith.
Charles Henry Kerry (1857-1928), Charles Kerry Photographs of Norfolk Island and Fiji, 52 albumen prints circa 1890 affixed in later album, subjects include The Old Jail Kingston(e), Cricket Ground, Norfolk Island, Bloody Bridge, Norfolk Island, Cutting in
Fred Kruger (1831-1888), Fine Art Photographs of Victoria, Australia - Fred Kruger, Gold Medallist, A fine leather bound album with gold embossed titles to front cover containing a collection of 67 albumen photographic prints, the subjects include Ballarat
Wisdens & cricket books: 'Wisden Cricketers Almanack' (16) for 1951, 1957-59, 1961-70, 1998 && 2003, plus cricket books (6) including 'The Paddock that Grew' by Dunstan [Melbourne, 1962] & 'Cricket for South Africa'
ABC cricket books, 67 issues from 1947-48 to 2013-14, plus other tour guides (11). Fair/VG condition
Limited edition cricket books by Bernard Whimpress [Adelaide, 1994-2004], all signed by the author, noted 'Lord Hawke's XI at Unley', 'W.G.Grace at Kadina', 'Adelaide gold', 'Corroboree - Adelaide oval 1885', 'Hughie
Victor Trumper/ Don Bradman: Original letter dated 24th June 1985 from Don Bradman to Ashley Mallett on 'Sir Donald Bradman Ac' letterhead, with Bradman declining Mallett's invitation to launch his book on Victor Trumper, as he had declined to
1913-14 Australian Tour to New Zealand: Photograph album signed & endorsed 'Best Wishes from Colin McKenzie', containing 10 original photographs from the tour (each about 9 x 12 cm). (In one of these matches Victor Trumper played what old-timer
'Imperial Cricket', by P.F.Warner [London, 1912], large format, top edge gilt, subscribers' limited edition of 900 copies. Fair/Good condition. Ex MCC Library.
'The All England Cricket and Football Journal' Volume Two [London, 1879], containing Issues 13 (April 1878) - Issue 24 (April 1879), with 13 original photographs including Derbyshire, Sheffield Wednesday Fc, 1878 Australian team, George Ulyett. Few tone sp
'John Lillywhite's Cricketers' Companion', for 1865-1885 [London 1865-85], complete set bound in seven volumes. Fair/Good condition.
'Cricket Scores and Biographies of Celebrated Cricketers', by Lillywhite/ Haygarth/ Ashley-Cooper [London, 1862-1925], complete set of 15 volumes. Fair/Good condition. Very rare set.
Cricket Notes, by William Bolland Esq. With A Letter containing Practical Hints, by William Clark' [1st edition, London, 1851]. Fair/Good condition.
Victor Trumper, pen signature on page from Ranjitsinhji's 'Jubilee Book of Cricket'. Collected by L.C.Palariet.
P.F.Warner Cricket Books, noted 'Cricket in Many Climes' [London, 1900], 'Cricket Across The Seas' [London, 1903], 'How We Recovered the Ashes' [London, 1904], 'The Fight for the Ashes in 1926' & 'The Fight for the A
'World of Cricket. 50 Years of Cricket. England v. Australia. Colony v. Colony, 1856 to 1895' by Ironside [Sydney, 3rd edition, 1895], rebound in dark green cloth (without original wrappers). Fair/Good condition. Rare (Padwick 3419 & 4371 - thi
'The Cricket Field' magazine, Volume 1 Nos.1-24 in bound volume [London, 1892]. Fair/Good condition.
Cricket Chat: Gleanings from 'Cricket' during 1884-85. Portraits & Biographies of Eminent Cricketers' [London, 1886], rebound in grey covers. Fair/Good condition.
The Doings of The Fourth Australian Cricket Team in England, with Portraits, Biographies, Averages' [London, 1884], rebound preserving original wrappers, and with Cabinet Card 'The Australian Cricketers' tipped in. Fair/Good condition.
Team Sheets Album No.2: c1996-2001 team sheets in album, noted Derbyshire (5), Durham (5), Essex (2), Glamorgan (5), Gloucestershire (4), Hampshire (4), Kent (6), Lancashire (6), Leicestershire (3), Middlesex (3), Northamptonshire (4), Notts (5), Somerset
Team Sheets Album No.1: c1985-94 team sheets in album, noted NSW (5), Qld (2), SA (5), Tas (2), Vic (23), WA (3). Derby (1), Durham (2), Essex (3), Glam (1), Glos (2), Hampshire (1), Kent (2), Lancs (1), Leics (4), Middlesex (2), Northants (4), Notts (3),
1964 Esso (India) 'Album of Cricket Stars', complete set [37] affixed into album with photo corners. G/VG. Scarce.
Captains of the Green & Gold 1877-2002, full size Cricket Bat with 22 etched signatures & 13 genuine signatures including Bill Brown, Arthur Morris, Richie Benaud & Adam Gilchrist. Limited edition 45/100. Superb condition.
A Bibliography of Cricket' by Padwick [London, 1984]. plus 'Padwick's Bibliography of Cricket Vol.II' by Eley & Griffiths [London, 1991]. Also range of J.W.McKenzie book catalogues (87). Fair/Good condition.
'The Lord's Taverners Sticky Wicket Book', special edition for 1980 Centenary Test Dinner, with caricature & signature of Harry Secombe inside. Bookplate of Sam Loxton.
Limited edition cricket books by Cardwell - 'The A.I.F. Cricket Team' [privately printed, Sydney, 1980]. 'A Cameo from the Past - The Life and Times of H.S.T.L.Hendry' [Sydney, 1984] (signed Stork Hendry & Bill O'Reilly). 'The M
Don Bradman, folder that includes 10 signed items - 'In Quest of the Ashes 1934'. State Library of SA booklets 'The Bradman Collection' (2). book 'Our Don Bradman - The Don at the SCG'. Bradman Museum brochure. 1998 South Africa v B
Cricket bails made from HMS Victory timber 'Victory Oak Cricket Bails' limited edition 160/500 with certificate of authenticity and presentation box, made from oak salvaged from HMS Victory (Admiral Lord Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar 1805)
Cricket Books, noted 'James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Annual' for 1892 && 1898;And Then Came Larwood' by Mailey (signed twice by Harold Larwood), 'Defending the Ashes 1932-1933' by Wilmot, 'Bodywhine!' by Blundell & Branson (missing covers). Poor/G conditio
Books, noted Guns/Shooting (37), Fishing (7), Cricket (15), Olympics (2 - both signed & endorsed by authors), horseracing (4), others (5)
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text:
tell sth/sb apart
— phrasal verb with tell uk /tel/ us /tel/ verb told, told
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
(Definition of "tell sth/sb apart" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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lotus position
a way of sitting with your legs crossed and your feet resting on your thighs (= part of the leg above the knee), used especially in yoga