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Press Release Images
Early music specialist, singer Emma Kirkby, gives a master class at Juilliard on Monday, November 2 at 4 PM in Juilliard's Paul Hall (155 West 65th Street). It opens the 2009-2010 season of events for Julliard's newest department in Historical Performance. Singers from Juilliard's Vocal Arts program will perform. They are: sopranos Deanna Breiwick and Catherine Hancock; mezzo-soprano Laura Mixter; and tenor Martin Coyle. Later this season, Juilliard Historical Performance presents master classes by early music specialist William Christie (March 31) and viol player and conductor Jordi Savall (May 1).
EXTREMELY LIMITED FREE tickets are available for the master class from the Janet and Leonard Kramer Box Office at Juilliard (155 West 65th Street). For further information, call (212) 769-7406 or go to www.juilliard.edu.
Dame Emma Kirkby was a classics student at Oxford and then a school teacher before joining the Taverner Choir in 1971. In 1973, she began her long association with the Consort of Musicke. Ms. Kirkby took part in the early Decca Florilegium recordings with both the Consort of Musicke and the Academy of Ancient Music, at a time when most college-trained sopranos were not seeking a sound appropriate for early instruments. She had to find her own approach, with help from Jessica Cash in London, and from the directors, fellow singers and instrumentalists with whom she has worked over the years. Ms. Kirkby has worked with London Baroque, the Freiburger Barockorchester, L'Orfeo (of Linz), the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Fretwork, the Purcell Quartet, and now with some of the younger groups, such as Florilegium and the Armonico Consort. Ms. Kirkby has recorded on the BIS label (Sweden) since 2000. A compilation on the BIS label was released this year, entitled The Artistry of Emma Kirkby, drawing on nine CDs in all. She received the Order of the British Empire in November 2000, and in November 2007, was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She was delighted in June 2008 to return to her alma mater, Oxford University, to receive an honorary doctorate of music.
Soprano Deanna Breiwick, a native of Seattle, is a first year master of music student studying at Juilliard with Edith Bers and is a recipient of the Florence Page Kimball Scholarship. Ms. Breiwick recently was praised for her portrayal of Sister Constance in Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites with Mannes Opera. Her many awards include grants from the Giulio Gari Foundation, the Licia Albanese-Puccini Foundation, and the Richard F. Gold Career Grant. She received her bachelor of music degree from Mannes College of Music where she studied with Ruth Falcon and Beth Roberts.
Tenor Martin Coyle is currently in the second year of his master of music degree, studying with W. Stephen Smith. He received his bachelor of music degree from the Pennsylvania State University in voice performance. Mr. Coyle was seen at Juilliard last season as Don Curzio in Le nozze di Figaro. This past summer, he prepared the role of Don Ottavio at the Aspen Opera Theater Center in conjunction with the Aspen Music Festival and School. Mr. Coyle is the recipient of Juilliard's Higley Scholarship.
Soprano Catherine Hancock is pursuing a master of music degree and currently in her 1st year of study with Cynthia Hoffman. She received her bachelor of music degree from Juilliard where she participated in songbooks, chamber music concerts, master classes, opera scenes, and full-length productions with Juilliard Opera. She attended the Aspen Music Festival, singing in an orchestral scenes master class for Ingo Metzmacher as 1st Lady in Die Zauberflöte, and attended the Amalfi Coast Music and Arts Festival where she sang Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro. Ms. Hancock has performed in Boston's Symphony Hall and Carnegie Hall's Isaac Stern Auditorium and as a soloist in the Honors Recital at Ozawa Hall as part of Boston University's Tanglewood Institute in 2004.
Mezzo-soprano Laura Mixter hails from Naples, Florida and is currently in the third year of undergraduate study at Juilliard with Cynthia Hoffman. She is the recipient of the Higley Scholarship and the Helen Marshall Woodward Scholarship in voice. Last year, Ms. Mixter was Cousin Ermengarde in Juilliard's production of Paul Hindemith's A Long Christmas Dinner. She also has appeared as Cherubino in Oberlin in Italy's 2008 production of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, and as Maurya in the Interlochen Arts Academy's 2007 production of Vaughan Williams' Riders to the Sea.
About Juilliard's Historical Performance Program
This season, Juilliard welcomes its first class of thirteen instrumentalists to the Historical Performance program. The program is open to master of music degree and graduate diploma candidates and offers comprehensive study focusing on music from the High Baroque through the Early Classical eras. The performance-oriented curriculum fosters an informed, vital understanding of the many issues unique to period instrument performance with the level of technical excellence and musical integrity for which Juilliard is renowned. Singers participating in Juilliard Historical Performance events are selected from the graduate and advanced level students in Juilliard's Vocal Arts department. Joint projects and collaborations with the School's Dance and Drama Divisions and Vocal Arts program, and with modern instrument students outside of the Historical Performance program, will be encouraged. The master of music degree program requires a two-year residency; the graduate diploma program with a major in Historical Performance is a two-year, non-degree course of study. Along with weekly lessons and frequent performances, the curriculum also includes core classes covering a broad range of issues related directly to performance, including style and interpretation, historical and cultural contexts, analytical methods and treatises, historical dance, improvisation, continuo improvisation/figured bass reading, and ornamentation.
Guest residencies are an important part of the Historical Performance program's annual schedule, as are master classes with experts from around the world, and this season, Juilliard presents a master class with singer Emma Kirkby on November 2, a residency and master class with viol player and conductor Jordi Savall on May 1, and a master class with early music specialist William Christie with members of his ensemble Les Arts Florissants on March 31.
Juilliard Baroque, the School's faculty ensemble, makes its debut on October 27 at 8 PM in Juilliard's Paul Hall.
For further information on the Historical Performance program, contact Juilliard's Admissions Office at (212) 799-5000, ext. 223 or visit www.juillard.edu/admissions. The next deadline date for applications is December 1, 2009.
Calendar of Events
November 2, 4 PM, Juilliard's Paul Hall
Master Class with singer Emma Kirkby
Standby admission only
Tuesday, December 8, 8 PM, Juilliard's Paul Hall
Juilliard Period Instrument Ensemble
Monica Huggett, Conductor
LIMITED FREE tickets available November 24 at the Janet and Leonard Kramer Box Office at Juilliard.
Sunday, February 7, 4 PM - Corpus Christi Church, 529 West 121st Street, NYC
Juilliard Baroque
J.S. Bach - Brandenburg Concertos No. 3, 4, and 5
For information on tickets for Music Before 1800, call (212) 666-9266. To get to Corpus Christi Church, take the M4 or M 104 bus or the No. 1 subway to 116th Street, Columbia University stop.
Wednesday, March 31, 4 PM, Juilliard's Paul Hall
Master Class with William Christie
LIMITED FREE tickets available March 17 at the Janet and Leonard Kramer Box Office at Juilliard.
Friday, April 2, 8 PM, Alice Tully Hall
Juilliard Period Instrument Ensemble
William Christie, Conductor
FREE tickets available March 19 at the Janet and Leonard Kramer Box Office at Juilliard.
Wednesday, April 14, 8 PM, Juilliard's Paul Hall
Juilliard Period Instrument Ensemble
Monica Huggett, Conductor
LIMITED FREE tickets available March 31 at the Janet and Leonard Kramer Box Office at Juilliard.
Saturday, May 1, 8 PM, Juilliard's Rosemary and Meredith Willson Theater
Juilliard Period Instrument Ensemble
Workshop Performance
Jordi Savall, Conductor
(Information on ticket availability to be announced.)
(Reminder: Juilliard Baroque makes its debut on October 27 at 8 PM in Juilliard's Paul Hall.)
The Juilliard Box Office, located at 155 West 65th Street, is open Monday through Friday from 11 AM to 6 PM. For further information on all Juilliard events, call (212) 769-7406 or go to www.juilliard.edu.


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I recently stumbled on this GoodReads group that proposes a weekly meme whose aim is to give a list of Top Five… anything, as long as they are book related. It sounds fun, and something I can manage even with my too-often-limited time.
This week's meme is: SUMMER READS and it can include beach reads, fun reads, or any book you associate with summer for whatever reason. So let's get started…
Summer, or better yet, a beach vacation, means a LOT of time for reading: no distractions, no demands on my time, and the opportunity to read books that require total immersion or those that I've kept shifting down the queue. This is the reason I usually keep more "demanding" reads for the times when I can go on vacation, since my idea of rest is exactly this: the beach, a comfortable recliner and an absorbing book. Paradise… 🙂
This year I lined up a few books I intend to read during my long-awaited week at the beach: I hold no hope to be able to read them all, but I will carry them in my faithful reader and I'll let inspiration decide.
Iain Banks – Excession: it's been a while since my last Banks book, and I've meant to read this fifth Culture volume for some time now. From what I hear it's a complex story, one that will require some concentration, but I can hardly wait to visit this universe again. And how could I not be intrigued by huge, sentient ships' minds whose names are "Unacceptable Behavior", "Yawning Angel" or "Shoot Them Later"?
Daniel Abraham – The Dragon's Path: after enjoying Abraham's Long Price Quartet, I've been curious about this huge fantasy series (The Dagger and the Coin) that saw the publication of the fifth and final book only recently. If this first volume will grab hold of my imagination, as I hope, I know I will not have to wait long years to see its conclusion, and that's a comforting thought.
N.K. Jemisin – The Fifth Season: most of the reviews I read about this book spoke highly of Jemisin's new series, so I might break my self-imposed rule to finish the Inheritance Trilogy first and take a peek at this one first. Considering my previous experiences with this author, I know I will be swept away by her storytelling all the same…
Peter Hamilton – The Neutronium Alchemist (Night's Dawn #2): after finally breaking the ice with The Reality Dysfunction, I'm quite invested in this massive science fiction trilogy that spans huge distances and presents many mysteries and a terrifying new kind of invasion. This second book's page number is even higher than the first one's: the perfect choice for a time of leisure.
Brandon Sanderson – The Final Empire (Mistborn #1) – I must confess I've long been wary about Sanderson's books because of his link with the Wheel of Time series, which I didn't enjoy, but a couple of samples of his writing – a short story contained in an anthology, and the beautiful novella The Emperor's Soul – changed my mind and I'm now more than ready to explore his works.
Not bad as a summer vacation plan, isn't it?
Posted on May 18, 2016, in Reviews and tagged Fantasy, Memes, Science Fiction, Space Opera, Top Five Wednesdays. Bookmark the permalink. 10 Comments.
I see you like heavy reading for your vacation reads! 😀 I'm more of the "popcorn-books-by-the-pool" kind of person, but you have some really good titles here. I really enjoyed The Fifth Season, and The Final Empire is also fun! One of these days I'll also have to catch up with the sequel to The Dragon's Path 🙂

subset: commoncrawl


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University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Physics, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
II-VI colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are ideal for optical sensors thanks to their high fluorescent brightness and good size uniformity. However, embedding colloidal QDs into a glass matrix with the standard sol-gel process leads to the QDs being damaged by the acid catalyst. Here, we report an acid-free sol-gel technique, which proves to be both simple and effective in fabricating silica glass thin films embedded with commercial II-VI colloidal QDs. Octadecylamine ligands are used as a bifunctional aid to not only stabilize the QDs in solution, but also assist the formation of the SiO2 gel. We demonstrate that high-quality QD-embedded glass thin films can be developed with this technique, and our fluorescent tests indicate that, except for a small blueshift in the emission spectrum, the QDs are very well preserved through the sol-gel process. This method offers a fast and low-cost path towards thin-film QD sensors with good mechanical and thermal stabilities, which are desirable for applications involving highly focused laser beams, such as ultrafast nanophotonics.
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer many unique optical properties owing to their strong spatial confinement of the charge carriers.1,2 One particular aspect that draws our research interest is the possibility of using QDs as solid-state quasi-two-level systems, whose interaction with femtosecond optical pulses can potentially lead to some interesting phenomena, such as carrier-envelop phase (CEP) sensitive population inversion.3,4 The unique features of CEP post several challenges to the QD-sensor development. First and foremost, the sensors have to be thin films of micrometer-scale thickness to prevent significant CEP slippage as the femtosecond pulses penetrating the sensors. The restricted active-layer thickness requires high QD densities in order to achieve a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio. At the same time, the QDs must be spatially dispersed enough so that they maintain their discrete, single-QD energy structures. Moreover, good size uniformity is needed for the QDs to limit inhomogeneous line broadening, and the active layer must be both thermally and mechanically stable under a tightly focused laser beam. All of these requirements can be met by using chemically synthesized II-VI colloidal QDs embedded in a transparent buffer material (matrix), such as SiO2 (glass) or TiO2, and coating the QD/matrix complex on a substrate.5,6 The sol-gel method is an effective technique to develop such QD thin-film sensors.7–9
In this paper, we report a systematic study of sol-gel fabrication of QD-embedded glass thin films, focusing primarily on using commercial cadmium selenide (CdSe) QDs. CdSe QDs have suitable energy levels for our intended ultrafast nanophotonics research, and commercial QDs offer excellent size uniformity. Our study shows that the standard procedure of making sol-gel glass, which involves the use of acid catalysts such as HCl or CH3COOH (acetic acid) or HNO3 (nitric acid),10 cannot be directly applied to fabricating QD-embedded glassy matrix because the acid interacts with the QDs and destroys them. We then develop an acid-free sol-gel technique, in which octadecylamine (ODA) ligands are used as a bifunctional aid in CdSe/SiO2 thin-film synthesis. Our characterization indicates satisfactory film quality, and the integrity of the QDs is well preserved with the new method. Given the excellent performance and wide availability of today's commercial II-VI colloidal QDs, this technique potentially opens up a path towards simple, fast, and low-cost development of QD–glass complex systems.
Our samples were initially fabricated using the standard sol-gel recipe,7–9 which involves the hydrolysis and polycondensation of Si (OC2H5)4 (TEOS), carried out by dissolving TEOS in ethanol (C2H5OH) before mixing in deionized water (H2O) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Here ethanol serves as a mutual solvent, and hydrochloric acid is the catalyst for producing the SiO2 sol. The following mole ratio was used: TEOS:H2O:ethanol:HCL=1∶2.47∶3.83∶1.82. After the glassy solution was prepared, CdSe QDs (CSE600 by NN-Labs, suspended in toluene) were added into it to form the sol. When the mixture began to show a gel-like formation, it was spin-coated on a glass substrate. The thin-film samples were tested for QD emission using a home-built fluorescence spectroscopy system as shown in Fig. 1(a). However, no fluorescence was detected. We then directly coated the QDs on the glass substrate and performed the same fluorescence test. Sharp fluorescence peaks were observed at the specified wavelength, as shown in Fig. 1(b). This leads us to believe that the QDs are damaged during the sol-gel process, in particular, by the acid catalyst.
(a) Schematic of the fluorescence spectroscopy setup for testing the quantum dot (QD) thin-film samples. The argon ion laser operates at a central wavelength of 514 nm and an output power of 12 mW. (b) No fluorescence signal (green) was detected from the CdSe QD-embedded thin-film samples fabricated with the conventional sol-gel process using HCl as the catalyst, whereas strong emission signal (blue) was measured when the same CdSe QDs are directly coated on a glass substrate.
The acid catalyst is generally needed to assist the formation of SiO2 gel. In our tests, without the acid catalyst, the TEOS glassy solution did not show any sign of gelation within several days. However, to our surprise, significant gel formation was observed when the QDs were mixed into the glassy solution (SiO2 sol), even in absence of the acid catalyst. Fluorescence result further showed a clear QD emission peak, indicating that the QDs were successfully embedded into the glass. Since the commercial QDs used in these tests were suspended in a toluene solution with the help of ODA ligands, to understand which factor plays the key role in the gel formation, we added powdered QDs (with minimal ODA attached), ODA ligands, and toluene to separate glassy solutions. The solution with the ODA ligands showed a gelation process similar to the earlier observation with ODA-suspended QDs, indicating the ODA ligands can indeed assist the formation of the SiO2 gel, which is also consistent with some prior reports.11,12 To further verify this finding, we measured the gelation time of glassy solutions with different ODA concentrations. The result shows that higher ODA concentrations result in quicker gelation (see Fig. 2), indicating a direct correlation between SiO2 gel formation and the presence of ODA.
The gelation time of the glassy solution versus octadecylamine (ODA) concentration indicates the effectiveness of ODA ligands in assisting the formation of the SiO2 gel.
This leads to a simple, acid-free technique to fabricate QD-embedded sol-gel glass. First, suspend the colloidal QDs in a proper solution (e.g., toluene) with the help of ODA ligands (often done by the QD vendors). Then, prepare the glassy solution out of TEOS, water, and ethanol (without adding acid). Next, mix the glassy solution and the QD solution according to the desired QD concentration to form the QD/SiO2 sol. Finally, as the sol gradually turns to gel, prepare the samples based on need (e.g., coating thin films). In this scheme, the ODA ligands act as a bifunctional aid in the sol-gel process—they help stabilize the QDs in a solution and they also accelerate the gel formation.
To understand the chemistry of the acid-free technique, we note that ODA provides basic conditions for silane hydrolysis.11 Typically, base-catalyzed hydrolysis process involves an attack on silicon by a hydroxyl ion to form a pentacoordinate intermediate, followed by bimolecular displacement of alkoxy by hydroxyl. Any high-electron acceptor group next to the Si atom will drastically increase hydrolysis under basic pH.13,14 However, even though a basic environment helps accelerate the sol-gel process, our initial attempt to switch from acid catalyst to base catalyst NH4OH (29% NH3) was unsatisfactory. It resulted in a cloudy white solution that was unsuitable for thin-film fabrication. Another study reported on ammonia quenching during sol-gel processing of QDs, which resulted in loss of luminescence over a very short period of time.11 On the other hand, our current acid-free method uses alkylamines as the sol-gel catalyst. Both ammonia and alkylamines buffer the sol-gel precursor fluid at about the same pH (∼9), but amines reduce the gelation time by two orders of magnitude.11 An additional advantage of using amines as the base catalyst is surface passivation of QDs. The surface of QDs largely determines the quantum yield and emission life-time of the bandgap luminescence (BGL). Alkylamines are excellent passivators for CdSe QDs, and they generally enhance BGL upon adsorption. Thus, the use of alkylamine yields passivated QDs and also offers a less-aggressive medium for silane polymerization.
To convert QD-embedded sol-gel glass into thin films, we spin-coated the SiO2 gel onto glass substrates at 1500 rpm for 30 s and heat-treated the samples (e.g., at 500°C)15 immediately after spin-coating. Clear, uniform films were successfully fabricated with QD molar concentrations up to ∼1.3 mM. Higher concentrations often yielded samples with significant cracking and much more fragile films. Currently, we are working on optimizing the postcoating procedure to improve the quality of the films at higher QD concentrations.
A picture of our thin-film sample is shown in Fig. 3(a). The thick ring-shape area around the perimeter of the coated region results from the spin-coating. The clear area in the center is the uniformly coated area. A surface profilometer trace of that area shows a uniform coating of ∼1 μm thickness [see Fig. 3(b)]. Note that the thick ring-shape area is removed using acetone before this measurement is done. The surface quality of the film is further revealed by noncontact surface profilometry measurement. A typical result is shown in Fig. 3(c). Surface roughness in general is found to fall within 100 nm peak-to-peak over an area of ∼1 mm×1 mm, which indicates a very good optical quality.
(a) A spin-coated QD-embedded glass thin film on a glass substrate. (b) A measured surface profile near the edge of the film shows a smooth film with a thickness of ∼1 μm. (c) Noncontact surface profilometry data indicate that the surface roughness falls within 100 nm peak-to-peak over an area of ∼1 mm2.
More insight into the quality of the film is offered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Figure 4 shows the SEM images of the film in three different scales (corresponding to three different magnifications). In the largest scale (several hundred microns across), cracks can be seen on the SEM image [see Fig. 4(a)]. These cracks result from the fast drying process following sol-gel coating, which often induces mechanical stresses and hence fractures of the thin film. Nevertheless, smooth, continuous areas >100×100 μm2 can be easily found on the film. This is sufficient to accommodate tightly focused laser beams, which typically have diameters in the vicinity of 10 μm. Note that the change of gray scales across the image is due to nonuniform surface-charge distribution at the time of imaging and has nothing to do with the surface profile. Meanwhile, a zoom-in view of a crack allows us to see the cross-section of the film, which indicates a fairly uniform thickness, as shown in Fig. 4(b). When the microscope view is further zoomed into a smooth area of the film, it becomes featureless, with a grainy texture [see Fig. 4(c)]. This is in agreement with the noncontact surface profilometry result shown in Fig. 3(c).
Scanning electron microscopy images of the thin-film samples: (a) an overview of the central area of a thin film, (b) a close view near a crack shows the cross-section of the film, and (c) a zoom-in view of the film shows the uniform, grainy texture of the surface.
The quality of the CdSe QDs in the thin films is characterized by fluorescence measurements. In Fig. 5(a), the emission spectrum from a thin-film sample is compared with the emission spectrum from the same kind of CdSe QDs but directly spin-coated on glass substrates (i.e., without going through the sol-gel process). The similar spectral shapes of the two traces indicate that our sol-gel process did not compromise the uniformity of the QD sizes. But the emission peak from the sol-gel sample is blueshifted by ∼15 nm versus the emission peak from the unprocessed QDs (from 607 to 592 nm). We believe this is caused by surface oxidization taking place during the sol-gel and coating processes.16 As oxygen permeates the outer layers of the QDs and replaces some of the Se atoms in the CdSe core, the band structure is altered and emissive exciton recombination occurs at a higher-energy transition. This effect is usually described as a reduction of the effective core size in the literature.16 To confirm this hypothesis, we performed the same sol-gel fabrication with CdSe/ZnS core shell QDs (CZ600 by NN-Labs). The fluorescence spectrum of the core-shell sample agrees with the vendor specification, with an emission peak at ∼610 nm. Apparently, this can be attributed to the fact that ZnS shell layer prevents the CdSe core from being oxidized during the sample preparation. A comparison between the emission spectra of the CdSe sample and the CdSe/ZnS sample in Fig. 5(b) clearly illustrates the effect of surface oxidization.
(a) The emission spectrum from the CdSe QDs embedded in the glass thin film (green) shows a blueshift relative to the emission spectrum from CdSe QDs directly coated on the substrate without going through the sol-gel process (blue). (b) A similar blueshift is observed between the emission spectra of the CdSe QDs (green) and CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs (blue), both embedded in glass thin films through the acid-free sol-gel process.
To further confirm the formation of SiO2 by the acid-free technique, we performed a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement with our samples, and the result is shown in Fig. 6. The blue solid trace is obtained with a glass blob produced by letting a TEOS glassy solution gradually gel up without using any catalyst. The green dashed trace corresponds to a CdSe QD-embedded thin-film sample. The two spectra show similar signature peaks near 1090 and 3430 cm−1. The former is associated with the stretching of Si-O bond, which implies that CdSe QDs are embedded in the glass matrix.17 The latter is attributed to the OH vibration peak from water. In addition, most of the IR spectrum peaks as mentioned in the literature18,19 are in good agreement with our results. The difference in the signal levels of the two traces is simply due to the fact that the thin-film sample has a much thinner layer to contribute to the FTIR signal.
The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of pure SiO2 glass (blue) and the SiO2 glass embedded with CdSe QDs (green).
In conclusion, we have developed a quick, simple, and low-cost technique to fabricate glass thin films embedded with commercial colloidal II-VI QDs. The ODA ligands are used as a bifunctional aid to assist both QD stabilization and gel formation. A careful characterization shows that both the film quality and the QD characteristics meet the requirements set forth by our intended ultrafast nanophotonics research. We believe this technique is a useful addition to the family of sol-gel methods and can be of special interest to researchers with limited experience or facility in sol-gel chemistry.
This research is funded in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ECCS-1254902. We thank the UAH Nano Micro Device Center, especially Frank Berisford, for providing clean room access and technical support for the thin-film development. We gratefully acknowledge Emanuel Waddell for granting us the access to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and for proofreading the manuscript. We also acknowledge the contributions of Shawn R. Hays, Josiah Mullins, and Thomas Pigott in developing our understanding of sol-gel chemistry.
Hemang Jani is a doctoral student in the optical science and engineering (OSE) program at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). His research interest is ultrafast nanophotonics. He received his BSc degree in physics from Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India, in 2008, his MSc degree in nuclear physics from the same university in 2010, and his MS degree in physics from UAH in 2013.
Lingze Duan received his BS degree in physics from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1995 and his PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, in 2002. He is currently an associate professor of physics at UAH. His research interest includes ultrafast nanophotonics, frequency metrology with femtosecond frequency combs, fiber optic sensors, and novel applications of optics in astrophysics.
Hemang Jani and Lingze Duan"Acid-free sol-gel fabrication of glass thin films embedded with II-VI colloidal quantum dots", J. Nanophoton. 9(1), 093072 (May 20, 2015). ; http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JNP.9.093072
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I'm Emilee, a junior nursing student at the University of Oklahoma with a passionate desire to see the world. I just finished spending a semester in Arezzo, Italy, which was an absolute dream, so most of my posts from the past few months have focused on my travels through Europe. I love cooking, reading, singing loudly in the shower, taking cool pictures, and hopping on planes to far away places. My travels have taken me all across the world, from Mozambique to Munich and everywhere in between. Three years ago, my heart was stolen forever by about twenty precious kids in Mozambique, so I plan on heading over there permanently after a few more years of education and travel (sorry, mom!). My goal is to do everything in life with passion and excellence to glorify the One who has given everything to me!
All my pictures are taken with my iPhone and edited with VSCO except for those under the category "My Shoots," which were taken with a Nikon.
If you're still curious, here's a link to 50 facts about me!


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Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Musculo-skeletal Module: Sports/ Soft Tissue Injuries
Musculo-skeletal Trauma/ Common Sports Injuries Contusion: soft tissue bruising Strain: pulled muscle Sprain: damaged joint ligaments Dislocation: joint out of position Subluxation: partial dislocation Tendonitis: inflammation of tendons Ruptured tendon Torn meniscus Fracture (see lecture)
Soft Tissue Injuries: Pathophysiology Sudden strain, twisting, tearing or dislocation (trauma) leads to: Inflammatory response to neutralise, control and wall-off the injured area and prepare for repair
Soft Tissue Injuries: Inflammatory Response Mediated by chemicals, histamine, kinins (bradykinin), prostaglandin from injured tissue. Leads to: Vasodilation/ increased blood supply Increased vascular permeability and infiltration of leucocytes for phagocytosis of debris/ pathogens Fibrinogen to fibrin for clotting (to wall-off/ prevent systemic infection)
Inflammatory Response: Clinical Effects The clinical effects of the increased blood flow and vascular permeability are: Pain (congestion of the area/ kinins) Heat Swelling Redness Loss of function
Soft Tissue Injury/ Sprain
Sprain: Description Damage to the ligaments of a joint as a result of sudden abnormal or amplified, extended movement
Soft Tissue Injury/ Sprain: Clinical Manifestations Pain on movement Pain at rest Swelling Bruising Restricted range of movement from pain and oedema General symptoms: nausea, faintness at time of injury
Soft Tissue Injury/ Sprain: Diagnosis Usually diagnosed by patient history and clinical picture
Soft Tissue Injury/ Sprain: Management Rest Ice Compression Elevation Analgesia and anti-inflammatory drugs Gradual exercise with rehabilitation
Joint Dislocation/ Subluxation
Joint Dislocation: Description Damage with displacement of a joint as a result of sudden abnormal or amplified, extended movement Involves muscles, ligaments, tendons
Joint Dislocation: Clinical Manifestations Severe acute pain on slightest movement with faintness, nausea Dull ache or pain at rest Deformity of joint Possible swelling or bruising Reduced range of movement Possible numbness, tingling, coolness, discoloration of affected limb (neurovascular involvement)
Joint Dislocation: Diagnosis Patient history Clinical picture Xray MRI for soft tissue injury
Joint Dislocation: Management Immobilisation Reduction under anaesthesia (displaced parts into position) Support in correct position (bandages, slings, splints) Analgesia, anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants Observe neurovascular status Gradual rehabilitation exercises
Injury to Tendons
Common Injury to Tendons: Classification Ruptured Achilles tendon (calf) Rotator Cuff tears (acromioclavicular joint/ shoulder): acute injury or chronic joint stress Tendonitis: "Tennis Elbow" (affects wrist grasp also)
Ruptured Achilles Tendon
Ruptured Achilles Tendon: Description A sudden acute tear of the Achilles tendon usually in a sports activity
Ruptured Achilles Tendon: Clinical Manifestations Sudden acute, extreme pain in calf area Inability to plantar flex Shock, nausea, faintness
Ruptured Achilles Tendon: Diagnosis Patient history Clinical Picture Xray: exclude bony injury
Ruptured Achilles Tendon: Management Immediate analgesia Prompt repair under anaesthesia Immobilise with plaster cast Elevate and rest Observe circulation to toes Static quads exercises: improve circulation/ muscle tone Progressive physio: promotes ankle strength/ movement until full weight-bearing
Rotator Cuff Tears:
Rotator Cuff Tears: Description Acute or chronic shoulder tendon injury
Rotator Cuff Tears: Clinical Manifestations Painful shoulder joint Limited range of movement Some joint dysfunction/ muscle weakness Unable to perform over the head activities Night pain: unable to sleep on affected side Acromioclavicular joint is tender
Rotator Cuff Tears: Diagnosis Patient history Clinical picture Xray (joint structure) Arthrography MRI (soft tissue/ extent of rotator cuff tear)
Rotator Cuff Tears: Management Anti-inflammatory drugs Rest and modify activity Local corticosteroid injection (joint) Progressive strengthening exercises Surgery if unresolved: arthroscopic debridement or tendon repair Immobilisation of shoulder up to 4 weeks then physio
"Tennis Elbow": Tendonitis
"Tennis Elbow"/ Tendonitis: Description Excessive repetitive activities of the forearm causing inflammation and minor tears of the tendons (affecting elbow and wrist grasp) A chronic painful condition
"Tennis Elbow"/ Tendonitis: Clinical Manifestations Pain which characteristically radiates down the dorsal surface of the forearm Weakened grasp Diagnosis from history and clinical picture
"Tennis Elbow"/ Tendonitis: Management Rest and avoid aggravating activity Anti-inflammatory drugs Immobilisation in splint may be helpful Corticosteroid injection locally if other measures not effective Rehabilitation exercises to gradually stretch the tendons Support strap to prevent recurrence
Meniscal Injury
Meniscal Injury (Torn Meniscus): Description The menisci are the 2 semi-lunar cartilages of the knee joint attached to the head of tibia allowing articulation with the femur
Meniscal Injury: Aetiology Injury and tearing away from the tibia occurs with: Excessive twisting of the knee Repetitive squatting and impact Mostly sports injury
Meniscal Injury: Pathophysiology Loose cartilage in knee joint slips between tibia and femur interfering with movement Inflammatory process set up in response
Meniscal Injury (Knee Joint): Clinical Manifestations Inability to fully extend the leg If happens during walking/ running: leg "gives way". It is painful and unexpected Clicking of the knee on extension/ weight-bearing Locking of the knee Inflammation and swelling/ effusion of knee joint (torn cartilage)
Meniscal Injury (Knee Joint): Diagnosis Patient history and clinical picture
Meniscal Injury (Knee Joint): Management Conservative management: Immobilisation of the knee Crutches and modification of activities Anti-inflammatory medications If symptoms persist: Arthroscopy to determine damage and surgery: Meniscectomy (removal of torn cartilage)
Meniscectomy: Post-operative Care Pressure dressing applied to knee to prevent effusion Immobilisation with splint Rest with leg elevated Static quads/straight-leg-raising exercises If effusion occurs (painful): Aspirated to relieve pressure Usually able to resume normal activities in days
Sports/ Soft Tissue Injuries: Nursing Considerations Emotional/ psychological support throughout care Stay with patient at time of injury Ensure prompt analgesia/ comfort Observe vital signs/ neurovascular function of affected limb Hand-washing and aseptic technique Encourage appropriate exercises
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Since Barbara's Book Club launched in April, I've been the lucky recipient of lots of suggestions of books to read, loans of those books, and even, in one case, the gift of a book.
I've read some great ones, I've read one really bad one, and I've read or given a valiant effort to read some that I just could not get through, not because they were bad reads but because the subject matter did not hold my attention. That's not the book's fault; that's just the way books are.
From that wonderful collection, one jewel emerged, and it nosed ahead of several of my old favorites. Today, I recommend to you without hesitation the novel "Miss Julia Speaks Her Mind," by Ann B. Ross of Hendersonville.
My friend Bonnie loaned me her copy and said she thought I'd like it. She was right: I laughed until my sides hurt, laughed out loud, fell over onto the floor laughing, and wanted to move into Miss Julia's house immediately.
It's the story of a very Southern, elderly woman and recent widow, Miss Julia Springer, who discovers quite by accident that her very proper husband had lived a second life on the other side of town with another, younger woman, and the product of that relationship, Junior (or, as she renames him, Little Lloyd). Little Lloyd, a sad little boy whose only possession is a paper bag he keeps tightly closed and next to him all the time, is left in her care at the very moment she learns that he exists.
She's got to deal with it. She's got to deal with her husband's infidelity, with a church that will not support her efforts to "do the right thing," and a whole slew of characters so recognizable you will think you are right here in Lexington.
Book reviews, in such places as "Publisher's Weekly," "Booklist" and "Kirkus Review," call "Miss Julia Speaks Her Mind," which debuted in 1999, "charming," "delightful" and "witty." These publications, often crucial to the success or failure of a book, come out of New York, Chicago and, well, New York. These reviewers compare Ross' book to those in Jan Karon's Mitford series, which are described as "witty, charming stories of small, friendly, Southern towns."
Abbotsville, Miss Julia's hometown, is in many ways a charming, quaint town. Miss Julia herself is witty and charming. But don't be fooled into thinking that is all she is in this book. Look below the happy surface. Pay attention to what Miss Julia speaks her mind about.
She speaks over and over about the misguided belief that we need to "keep up appearances," a foundation that, though crumbling a little with each generation, is still what defines much of the South, particularly the small-town South.
Miss Julia speaks her mind about many churches in this Bible girdle that are more concerned with keeping up appearances, and collecting money from their wealthy members, than with doing the right thing.
She speaks out about the pillars of every community, whom we often put on political, financial or economic pedestals, who live secret lives that are wildly different from their public images.
She speaks out about power, and those with money or political office who manipulate circumstances to their liking, regardless of who becomes the victim. While she's at it, she says a few words about ageism, sexism, youthism, evangelism and about every other "-ism" that is drawing flies on our Southern front porches.
Ann B. Ross is herself a Southerner. She was born in Georgia and moved with her husband to Hendersonville in the '60s to raise their three small children. Her path later took her from the empty nest to college where she earned an English degree from the University of North Carolina at Asheville and a doctorate in medieval literature from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She published two other novels before Miss Julia "popped up" and began her wild ride through Ross' prose.
Since "Miss Julia Speaks Her Mind," Ross has completed two other Miss Julia books, "Miss Julia Takes Over" and "Miss Julia Plans a Wedding." Book number four is almost complete, and two more are in the planning stages.
"Jan Karon's books are much sweeter than mine," Ross said during a recent phone conversation. "Miss Julia has an edge to her, I believe."
Ross intends to continue to allow Miss Julia to confront a variety of challenges as she struggles to get along in her changing world.
"I hope to continue with each book showing her learning and growing in some way," Ross continued. You can bet that Miss Julia will continue to speak out as often as she gets the chance.
Ann B. Ross' Southern town is not Mayberry. Below the charming exterior, it rumbles with the trouble that plagues all of us who live in towns just like Abbotsville.
But forget all that for now. Go read Ann B. Ross' extraordinary book, "Miss Julia Speaks Her Mind," come back and read this column again. Or not. Read it just to laugh hard and deep, to roll on the floor with laughter. She asks you to do that, too.
Barbara Presnell is a poet and teacher of writing who lives in Lexington with her husband, son, and animals. Contact her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Suggested headline: Barbara's Book Club's summer selection
Since Barbara's Book Club launched in April, I've been the lucky recipient of lots of suggestions of books to read, loans of those books, and even, in one case, the gift of a book.


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Cibola Pendant
clear glazed white bone china.
size: 26cm (10") diameter, 33cm (13") tall
Launched September 2006
(Cibola Shallot launched September 2009)
Request price guide/ purchase.
Each fine bone china shade has a carved pattern of concentric rings, inspired by the many layers of an onion. By day, the Cibola looks beautiful as a sculptural white form, by night, the translucent bone china glows, emphasising the surface detail. The two shades create an eclipse-like effect, with reflected light spilling out of the crescent shaped hollow. The Cibola pendant is striking both as a single statement piece and in clusters suspended at different heights.


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|Sep-Oct '08 | briefing | mail | interviews | articles | psorchat | don't say this | flaker creativity | flakers' jargon | other places | archives | send mail | ed dewke | search | acknowledgments | legal stuff | Flake: Confessions of a Psoriatic | ©2008 Ed Dewke
on Enbrel and Cancer
Hello Ed. I just finished reading your Me, My Enbrel, My Cancer article. My 34-year-old husband was taking Enbrel for about a year for psoriasis before he was suddenly diagnosed with seminoma type testicular cancer (a.k.a. germ cell cancer). He had a very rare form that didn't start in the testicles so we didn't catch it like you did. Instead he had tumors throughout his lungs, liver, and a hip bone before he showed symptoms (back pain and sudden coughing up blood). He was totally healthy before this and had actually done a pretty difficult hike in Yosemite about a month before his diagnosis. He died on June 13, 2008, about 6 weeks after his diagnosis. We are expecting our first baby in October this year.
I don't know if you've seen some of the recent articles, but on June 4, 2008, the FDA decided to investigate the link between Enbrel use and cancers. Anyways — I know it's been a while since you wrote your article, but I thought I'd let you know that you were on to something: Your cancer very well may have been linked to Enbrel use. I know my husband's doctors said that it was usually linked with lymphoma, but acknowledged that it could lead to tumor growth. Now the FDA is finally looking into it.
I wonder if there are more out there using the same type of medication for psoriasis and if there is something we can do to warn people. -Shelah R.
Ed's Response: Your experience has been awful, Shelah. I stood at my office window for many minutes after I read your email and tried to sort out my feelings, my reaction. Your loss is profound. Your strength and courage in writing us honors AND humbles me.
I located this document at the FDA web site:
Early Communication About an Ongoing Safety Review of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Blockers (marketed as Remicade, Enbrel, Humira, and Cimzia)
Posted on June 4 this year, this article focuses on cases of cancer in children that have used TNF blockers (of which Enbrel is only one of several). The National Psoriasis Foundation wrote about this and provides the same link.
Lots to think about. Lots to keep eyes on.
Any association between Enbrel and my cancer was easily dismissed as my testicular cancer was diagnosed only 28 days after I started using Enbrel. (Though seminoma-type testicular cancer is fast growing, my doctors thought 28 days was too fast. Given the size of the organ when it was finally noticed and subsequently diagnosed, my gut tells me it had been cancerous for far longer. Might Enbrel have hastened the growth of my cancer? That's another question.) As you wrote, your husband, on the other hand, had been using Enbrel for about a year.
Haven't there been comments of late about a possible interrelatedness between various cancers and a wide swath of immunosuppressive drugs? If there have been, if there is a larger consideration going on here, increases in cancer among immunosuppressive drug users makes a sort of intuitive sense to me. If I understand cancer in general, it is a disease wherein our own cells are somehow mutated and multiply in adverse abundance. One of the types of threat our immune systems are supposed to detect and thwart. The more we try to mitigate or modify our immune responses … well … in retrospect is isn't surprising that bad things find nooks and crannies in which to take root.
My doctors were uniform in their assurances to me that testicular seminoma cancer was "among the most commonly cured" and "least likely" to suggest future cancer problems. Obviously I did not have the variety that took your husband so brutally. Nonetheless, I was treated for cancer "one stage more advanced than I exhibited," and returned to the oncologist for three years for follow-up tests. However, health insurers behave with a great deal more uncertainty, which is to say they either decline to insure me at all, or do so with prohibitive deductibles and co-pays.
When it comes to warning people, we are doing now what we can do and, I believe, what we should do. Are we suggesting that using biologics to thwart psoriasis is risky behavior and may cause cancer? Well we know that far more people have used Enbrel for far longer than me or your husband and, so far at least, have not contracted cancer. So, the only thing we can fairly say is be aware that it has happened and increase your own vigilance accordingly.Thanks again for sharing your story, Shelah. My heart and mind are with you. Be well and have a happy, healthy baby. -Ed


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40 Year Fixed Mortgage Rate
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Ramp Randoms: Ryan Dolan's Only Love Survives – A Eurovision Breakdown
As aggressive drums play, we are introduced to Ryan, who is of course down on his knees on the ground, clearly in the middle of performing an exorcism or having just finished some sort of sexual act. Or maybe he's really tired? Picking out that black on black outfit must have taken a lot out of him.
He must be trying to banish the ghost of the enlarged refection that looms by his side! How annoying! Or maybe he's just attempting to take off that funky wooden chain around his neck. No Ryan, keep the chain on! We like how the cross at the end nearly hits your crotch as you swoop low to find the missing piece of your soul.
Oooh horray, the ghost has been banished! Ryan raises his arms in the air like he just don't care, still kneeling in his dark corner.
'Watching the world decline till nothing remains' he sings, with the worried expression of someone who is about to set fire to a lot of things and then say someone else made them do it. Is someone making you do something you don't want to do, Ryan? Are you sitting on the floor because someone has chained your foot to the wall and told you to sing or you'll never be let out of the basement?
But wait… no, everything is fine. He was just trying to find his shades, and now that he has them on he's super happy. Phew! They must have cost at least €5 in TK Maxx. You don't want to be losing something like that, especially when you're competing in the Eurovision and have to look your coolest at all times.
And even if the sun don't rise, in the end only love survives.
Obviously what he means here is even if the sun don't rise (if he is representing anything about the Irish, it's our use of good grammar) in the end only love of sunglasses survives. It does look quite bright in that dark room he's dancing away in. Best to protect those corneas. Such a responsible role model!
Now the chorus kicks in. We are starting to get on board with Ryan's message. So the world is ending, and all that will be left are dark rooms where you have to wear shades and sit in a crouched position as holograms fly around you. Right, that's grand, nothing wrong with that.
But then suddenly the mood changes! We are transported to a badly-made PowerPoint presentation of holiday snaps from people around the world, most of whom don't have a clue what's going on. Who is this woman? Where is she? Does she own that cool bicycle behind her?
Is this her husband? He seems to have no idea what he has been asked to do with his hands. Are these people members of a worldwide Eurovision fanbase?
And when the stars are aligned you got to make love a state of mind.
Wow, so deep.
There's that woman from You're a Star. Or was it Fair City? Hold on, is she Jedward's mum? Whoever she is, she is rocking that giraffe print. The giraffe that died to make that top was one lucky animal.
Did he coordinate his man-scarf with the wall on purpose?
Oh look, Ryan's back! This time he is Jesus and he is controlling the rain. That's nice of him, the weather has been just ghastly lately.
This shot is a mystery. Where is this woman? Who is she? Why is that umbrella overturned? Why didn't the person filming mention the large overturned umbrella in the background and suggest fixing it before filming the video for Ireland's Eurovision entry that will be seen by thousands of people across Europe? She is hot though, and really that's all that matters.
So let the world collide, don't be afraid, if it's the end of time love will remain.
Well Ryan, we actually will be afraid if you are telling us the world is about to collide with something. What is it? An asteroid? Another planet? This is very troubling news indeed.
And all he can go on about is love. He can't get enough of it; it's all love this and heart that. Here he is singing about love in front of a love heart made out of the word love. We get it! Now everyone, into the apocalypse bunker, quick!
Look at all those crazy coloured lights. Thank gosh good ol' Ryan found those shades. Look at him having a nice little dance for himself. Lovely.
Oh great, we are back to the holiday snaps. Obviously this woman was dragged out of the water without warning and made stand in front of the camera making a weird symbol with her hands without being given a chance to change or prepare herself or anything. Her hands my say 'love' but her eyes say 'help me'.
Here's a blink and you'll miss it flash of a person/alien in a contamination suit. Is this because of the collision Ryan was going on about earlier? This must mean we all need to get space suits to survive in this new world of darkness and copious love.
Do you think they'll have any nice ones on boohoo.com?
But of course. That one from Westlife. The one, you know him. The one who doesn't sing but isn't hot. Yeah, that one!
Here's a blink and you'll miss it unexplained scary clown. Obviously this is symbolism for the collapse of love within our nation and how we need to start taking life less seriously and begin loving each other once again.
Or maybe Ryan is cursed and turns into an evil clown when exposed to a black light. Here's hoping it's the second one, so we can read his sob story in the next issue of RSVP.
'People may not notice, but there are black lights everywhere. I had no chance for a normal life.'
BREAKING NEWS: Glenda Gilson has lost the ability to bend her fingers. If you wish to send cards and flowers, post to RTE.
We interrupt this amazing music video from superstar Ryan Dolan to show you a clip from the new Crocodile Dundee show, featuring this nice hat-wearing man and a small mud pool of crocodiles ready to attack the minute he turns his back…
Ireland, in a snapshot.
And that's it. The music video is over. Ryan slips on those famous shades of his, throws on a hip leather jacket and gets the 39A bus home, hoping he's brought sexy back to Ireland. Well, there's no better man, well apart from…


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Rory and Denise Wilson, with their son Gideon, are CMS Ireland Mission Partners working in Kiwoko Hospital, Uganda where Rory is the hospital's Medical Superintendent. Denise is involved in teaching the students of the nurse training school.
News and articles from Rory, Denise & Gideon Wilson
Re-Entry Week Two
Denise gives an update on the Wilson's progress with transplanting their lives back to Ireland.
Posted on Wed, 17 May 2017 | 1 comments
Celebrating Women's Day in Uganda
Many of the ladies working at Kiwoko enjoyed a retreat to celebrate International Women's Day. Denise reveals all…
Posted on Fri, 17 Mar 2017 | 1 comments
What imprint will you leave behind you?
With the Ugandan rains starting and muddy footprints starting to appear, Denise reflects on the tracks we leave behind us.
Posted on Fri, 24 Feb 2017 | 0 comments
Loosening the roots
Denise shares some relfections on the Wilsons' decision to leave Kiwoko later this year.
Posted on Sat, 21 Jan 2017 | 2 comments
Still changing lives
'Structurally challenged, theologically weak, resource poor; yet still changing lives.' After a recent outreach mission trip, Rory is reminded that despite the challenges faced by the Church, the power of Jesus to change lives remains very real.
Posted on Sun, 25 Dec 2016 | 1 comments
Reason to Celebrate
Denise gets refreshed at the Kiwoko Hospital Christmas party for staff and students.
Posted on Mon, 19 Dec 2016 | 2 comments
Swimming, praying and eating
Denise reports back after a week at the CMS Africa conference held in Uganda.
Posted on Wed, 26 Oct 2016 | 2 comments
As Kiwoko Hospital celebrates its Silver Jubilee, Denise notes the power of listening to the eye-witness accounts from those who were there at that time.
Posted on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 | 1 comments
As the Kiwoko team warms up for the three-day holiday club called Ekisa, Denise encourages us to pray for the children of Uganda…and indeed wherever we are.
Posted on Tue, 16 Aug 2016 | 1 comments
Kiwoko changes
Denise reflects on Archbishop visits and changes in Kiwoko
Posted on Thu, 21 Jul 2016 | 0 comments


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- Staff were excellent - very helpful.
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- Had intended to sort everything out on line, but the website wasn't letting me enter the dog breed. Phoned up and was dealt with quickly & efficiently.
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PART ONE An Introduction to Early Childhood1 Working with Young Children 1Early Care and Education 2What Is Care? 2What Is Education? 3Some Purposes of Early Care and Education 4Quality of Early Care and Education 4Applying Child Development Principles 5Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Education 8Early Childhood Educators 8Diverse Biographies and Cultural Identities 9Real Voice: Efrén Michael Léon, Las Cruces, New Mexico 12Thoughtful Individuals 14Professional Development 18Educator Relationships with Other Adults 24Working as Part of a Classroom Team 25Working with Supervisors 27Working with Others to Support Inclusion 28Collaborating with Family Members 29Summary 30Further Activities 312 Children and the Worlds They Inhabit 32Our Rapidly Changing World 33Globalization and Education 34Culture 35Ecological Theories 36What Children Know and How 38What Can We Provide for Young Children? 39Consistency and Predictability 40Practice That Supports Health 42Respect and Equal Access 45Real Voice: Joan Bibeau, Grand Rapids, Minnesota 46Inclusion of Those with Disabilities and Special Needs 53Work Against Poverty and Racism 55Social Justice 56The Developmental-Interaction Approach 57Having a Voice 60Joining with Others 60Speaking Out for Children and Families 61Summary 62Further Activities 633 Children Learning about the World through Relationships 64Early Experience 65Brain Development: The Neuroscience of Experience 65Yin's and Brad's Early Experiences 67Attachment, Relationships, and Experience 69An Evolutionary Theory in Cultural Context 69Relationship History = Attachment Quality 70Classifying Attachment 71Being Known 72Real Voice: Meg Gillette, Birmingham, Alabama 74Emotions and Self-Regulation 75The Development of Emotions 75Regulating Emotions 76Theory of Mind 78Applications to Classroom Practice 79Self-Regulation in Classrooms 80Social and Emotional Development in Classrooms 84Electronic Screens: A Relationship? 88Difficult Experiences and Challenging Conversations 904 Children Understanding the World through Play 95The Integrative Role of Play 96Imagination 96Communication of Meaning 97Transformation of Thought 97Problem Solving 98Play in the Lives of Children 98The Roots of Play 98Play in the Preschool Years 99Play in the Primary Grades 100Qualities of Play 101Intrinsic Motivation 101Attention to Means over End 101Freedom from Externally Imposed Rules 102Self-Expression through Symbol and Metaphor 103Categories of Play 104Functional Play 105Constructive Play 105Dramatic Play 106Games with Rules 108Affective Components 109Communicating and Integrating Emotions 109Identity and Mastery 110Playing for and about Power 112Play and Difference 113Play and Gender 113Play and Culture 114Play and Special Needs 115Play Relationships in the Classroom 116Play and Peer Relationships 116Play and Teacher-Child Relationships 116The Role of Play in a Democratic Society 120Play, Imagination, and Social Change 121Debates about Play 121Real Voice: Melissa Dubick, Austin, Texas 122Summary 123Further Activities 125
PART TWO Foundations of Early Childhood Education5 Early Childhood Perspectives: Then and Now, Near and Far 126Early Childhood around the World 127Early Education in South Africa 128Early Education in India 130Early Education in the People's Republic of China 131Views of Childhood in Western History 133Ancient Greece and Rome 133Europe in Medieval Times 134Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Europe 135Nineteenth-Century Europe and the United States 137Twentieth-Century Europe and the United States 141The Progressive Movement, 1890–1930 143Real Voice: Steve Vande Zande, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 146Mid-Twentieth-Century America to Present Times 151The Great Society and Head Start 151Special Education: From Mainstreaming to Inclusion to Continuum of Services 152Standardization, Accountability, and Testing 153Summary 154Further Activities 1556 Theories of Early Childhood: Explanations, Applications, and Critiques 156What Is a Theory? 157Real Voice: Amy Bolotin, Ridgefield, Connecticut 158Michael's Story 159Theories Arise in Context 159Psychoanalytic and Psychoanalytically Informed Theories 163Freudian Theory 163Freud's Immediate Successors 164Contemporary Psychoanalytically Informed Theories of Early Childhood 165Evaluation of the Psychoanalytic Viewpoint 167Revisiting Michael's Head Start Using Psychoanalytic and Psychoanalytically Informed Theories 167Behaviorist Theories 168Social Learning Theory 168Cognitive Behavioral Theory 169Evaluation of Behaviorist Theory 170Revisiting Michael's Head Start Using Behaviorist Theories 170Maturational Theories 171Evaluation of Maturational Theories 171Revisiting Michael's Head Start UsingMaturational Theories 171Constructivist Theories 172Neo-Piagetian Theories 173Evaluation of Piagetian and Neo-Piagetian Theory 173Revisiting Michael's Head Start Using Constructivist Theory 174Contextualist Theories 174Contemporary Contextualist Theories 176Contextualist Theories and Early Childhood Education 177Evaluation of Contextualist Theory 177Revisiting Michael's Head Start Using Contextualist Theory 177Humanist Theories 178Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 178Humanist Theory and the Early Childhood Educator 178Evaluation of Humanist Theory 178Revisiting Michael's Head Start Using Humanist Theory 179Developmental Systems Theories 179Transactional Model of Development 179Dynamic Systems Theory 180Identity Theories 181Theories about Gender Identity and Gender Roles 181Postmodern and Feminist Poststructuralist Theories 183Theories of Racial and Ethnic Identity 184Theories about Intelligence 186Intelligence in the Psychological Literature 186Multiple Intelligences 186Summary 187Further Activities 1897 Early Childhood Programming 190Care and Education 191The Role of Continuity 192A Continuum of Care 193Care and Education in the Home 194Family, Friend, and Neighbor Care 194Family Child Care 195Nannies 195Real Voice: Alexis Harper, Bellingham, Washington 196Funding 197Public Funding 197Private Child Care 199Full-Day Child Care 200Center-Based Infant/Toddler Programs 200Faith-Based Programs 201Employer Involvement 201Campus Child Care 202Short-Term Child Care 202Elementary Schools 204Kindergarten 204PK–3 Schools 205Charter Schools and Vouchers 205Homeschooling 205Out-of-School Programs 206Specialized Programs for Infants and Toddlers 207Early Intervention 207Infant Mental Health Services 208Programs for Families 209Parent-Child Programs 209Home Visiting 209Family Literacy Programs 210Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies 211Approaches: Explanation, Application, and Critiques 211Some Early Approaches and Methods 212More Recent Approaches 216Making Approaches Your Own 217Summary 218Further Activities 221
PART THREE Knowing All Children "From the Inside Out": The Observation, Assessment and Teaching Cycle8 Children, Development, and Culture 222Understanding and Applying Child Development Principles 224Basic Principles of Development 224Influences on Development 226Domains of Development 233Physical Growth and Motor Development 235Social-Emotional Development 238Cognitive Development 239Language and Literacy 242Children with Special Needs 247When Difference Requires Diagnosis 248Universal Design 248Real Voice: Sabrina Rotonda Irvin, San Jose, California 249Summary 251Further Activities 2529 Observation: The Roots of Practice 253Observing and Recording 254Noticing and Describing Details 255Watching, Listening, and Analyzing 256Describing, Not Deciding 258Teaching Reflectively 259Reasons to Observe and Record 260To Become a Skillful Learning Partner 261To Frame Experiences and Interactions 262To Communicate with Families and Colleagues 265To Develop Professionally 268The How of Observing and Recording 269What to Observe and Record 269Respecting Confidentiality 270Being Aware of and Examining Biases 271Real Voice: Elaine Chu, New York, New York 272Observing Continuously over Time 273The Practicalities of Observing and Recording 274Selecting Methods 274Analyzing Data 279Synthesizing Findings 280Making Observation and Recording Work 281Summary 283Further Activities 28410 Early Childhood Assessment 285The Roots of Assessment 286Assessment and Evaluation 287Formative and Summative Assessment 287The Assessment Cycle 287Building Relationships 288Gathering Information 289Interpreting Information and Deciding What to Do 290Taking Action 291The Purposes of Assessment 292Evaluative Decisions 292Curricular Decisions 293Goals and Objectives 294Assessment in a School Context 295Keeping the Focus on Children 295Observation Is the Foundation of Assessment 296Assessment Tools 299Assessing Children from Birth to Three 299Evaluating Three- to Eight-Year-Old Children's Performance and Progress 300Creating Portfolios of Children's Work 302Externally Imposed Assessments 306Historical Context 307Early Learning Standards 307Accountability and Power 309Tests and Young Children 309Communicating Assessment Results 312Reports to Families 312Reports to Colleagues 312Real Voice: Joanne Frantz, Columbus, Ohio 315Feedback to Children 316Summary 317Further Activities 319
PART FOUR Working with Children and Their Families: Applying What We Know11 Infants, Toddlers, and Two-Year-Olds 320Life with Infants, Toddlers, and Two-Year-Olds 321A Dynamic Period 321Development Is Bumpy 322Influences on Development 323Attachment and Separation All Day Long 326Program Support for Attachment 326Real Voice: Jonnia R. Jackson, Chicago, Illinois 328Separation in the First Few Weeks—and Beyond 329How the Environment Supports Attachment 332The Day with Infants, Toddlers, and Two-Year-Olds 333Playing and Learning 333Play, Friendship, and Interaction 338Planned Experiences 341Planning Space for Infants, Toddlers, and Two-Year-Olds 344Keeping Children Safe 344Features of Space 345Summary 348Further Activities 34912 Preschoolers and Kindergartners 350Life with Preschoolers and Kindergartners 351Physical Development 351Social-Emotional Development 352Cognition 354What Preschoolers and Kindergartners Learn and How 355Social Studies as Core Curriculum 356Language and Literacy 357Real Voice: Rafael Peña, Las Vegas, Nevada 358Activities and Materials 360Technology 366Classrooms for Preschoolers and Kindergartners 368Planning Authentic Experiences 368Scheduling and Predictability 373The Space 376Summary 380Further Activities 38313 First, Second, and Third Graders 384Life with First, Second, and Third Graders 385Physical and Cognitive Changes 386Social-Emotional Changes 388What Children Learn in the Early Grades 389Social Studies 390Real Voice: Sal Vascellero, New York, New York 391Language and Literacy 393Math and Science 398Planning Curriculum 402Ways to Plan 403Planning the Schedule 405Using Space 408Print Rich, Not Print Noisy 411Summary 412Further Activities 413
PART FIVE Linking to Home and Community14 Partnering with Twenty-First-Century Families 414Some Background and Definitions 415Historical Roots of Family Involvement 415Defining the Terms: Family Involvement, Partnerships, and Parent Education 415Parent Education and Family Support Programs 416Benefits and Challenges of Teacher-Family Partnerships 419Benefits for Children 419Real Voice: Melisa McNery, Blytheville, Arkansas 420Benefits and Challenges for Families 421Benefits and Challenges for Teachers 421Family Diversities 422Ethnicity, "Race," and Socioeconomic Class 423Linguistic Diversity and Culture 424Fathers 425Family Configurations 426Knowing about Families 430Will This Information Help My Work with Children? 430Finding Optimal Distance 430Recognizing and Building on Family Strengths 431Establishing Relationships with Families 431Building Trust 431Approaches to Working with Families 432Interactions with Families 434Beginning the School Year 434Back-to-School Nights 435Parent-Teacher Conferences 436Community Gatherings 437Encouraging Families to Volunteer 437Information Sharing between Teachers and Families 438Teacher-Initiated Information Exchange 438Parent-Initiated Information Exchange 439Sharing Information with the Whole Group of Parents 440Addressing Serious Issues 440Collaborating with Other Professionals 440Referrals to Community Agencies and Other Helping Professionals 441Summary 441Further Activities 44315 Policy Issues and Early Childhood Practice 444Policy 445History of Early Childhood Education Policy 446Attitudes about the Role of the Family in the Early Years 447Early Care versus Education/Targeted versus Universal 448Social, Economic, and Health Status of Children 449Why Policy Makers Are Interested in Early Childhood Education 449The Power of Brain Research 451Changing Families 451The Achievement Gap and School Readiness 452Why Early Childhood Professionals Should Be Involved in Policy 455Quality of Early Childhood Programs 456Credentials of Early Childhood Professionals 458Compensation of Early Childhood Professionals 459Access to Professional Development 460What Happens in the Early Childhood Classroom 461Working for Change on the State Level 462Early Learning Systems Initiatives 462School Readiness Initiatives 464State Prekindergarten Initiatives 466Professional Development and Compensation Initiatives 466Professional and National Organizations and Agencies 467Real Voice: Eva Hansen, Fayetteville, North Carolina 468Summary 469Further Activities 471Appendix A NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct 472Appendix B Convention on the Rights of the Child 479References 488Glossary 501Credits 508Index 511


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In Reply to: RE: It's not a cop out! posted by gusser on March 22, 2017 at 17:01:42
Of course it was a cop out you said you would do it with machines then said we my have some software problems and maybe the guys who write the software are deaf and we could go on and on and on.
Now let make this real simple for us challenged musicians like myself. Tell me what machine or math model will tell why.
1. 2a3 300b 845 el34 kt88 6550 6l6 sound different. So show number differences then without listening tell me what I am going to hear. Next go ahead and listen to hear the differences and plot the sound with the numbers. Next find tubes with numbers close to the other tubes and see if they always sound the same.
2. Do the same procedure for transformers caps etc... Let's talk in absolutes. For example a 300b has numbers xyz that has a sound of ABC. So if you want something that sounds like a 300b all you have to do is test for xyz. You are smart enough to get the idea.
You have side stepped all the real issues on everyone posts here. You will take people who can hear and play music to task because in your world differences do not exist. Now it is time for to give us real numbers and explanations how a tube etc... will sound in a circuit with out ever hearing it.
So again this where the rubber meets the road. If you can not do the simple task of telling how one component change can effect sound good luck when comes to the whole picture.
So waiting for the answer if you come back with another post off topic we will know how much you know about real music.
Follow Ups:
Where did I say differences not exist? And I never claimed to know the fine art of music.
There are known distortions and their sonic signature can be identified. And those distortions can easily be predicted in simulation today. So if simulation says a 300B has X distortion at said operating points, building the circuit will prove it does. Provided the computer model for the components are accurate and as always they are not perfect. But neither are real components. However the accuracy of the models is very good - especially for an audio amplifier.
An audio amplifer is not a musical instrument. It's job is to amplify an electrical signal. The closer the output signal is the the input signal, the better it is.
Different tubes and components sound different because the react differently to the electrical signal going through them. What else could it be? These differences can be measured. Perhaps not all today, but you would be surprised of how deep we can go with waveform analysis. Again especially in the low audio bandwidth area.
And if by listening you hear something different and describe it. Chances are a good audio design engineer can point to the circuit parameters causing it.
Tell me something: How do you feel about DBT? Do you think that is a valid test for hearing differences in components?
Edits: 03/22/17 03/22/17
"There are known distortions and their sonic signature can be identified. And those distortions can easily be predicted in simulation today. So if simulation says a 300B has X distortion at said operating points, building the circuit will prove it does"
I think you're talking way above Tom's pay grade.
Have Fun and Enjoy the Music
"Still Working the Problem"
Tre you really think I can not follow the bullshit distortion argument. Go back and read what Gusser wrote about best buy and musicians. That is what got me in the bullshit debate. Go back and read how his great machines and software where going to make this great amp out of numbers.
Now he is back peddling. And of course no real answers. You might ask your self with your SET midrange how does that stack up with his best buy beliefs. Seeing that you are so much smarter than me go back and read his post that got my poor feeble mind going. Here is just one of the great sentences "Because the truth is commodity grade stereo equipment these days is quite capable of very accurate music reproduction." Well if you believe that and the rest of the nonsense in that post I would ask you why you are also on a DIY tube forum. Gusser finally admitted he has no tubes in his system now.
Seeing you have all the answers why do you use tubes and Set circuits for your midrange and highs??? Forget best buy go on eBay for 5.00 Us you can get a 100watt class D amp board btl and stable to 2 ohms.
I could go on and on but I have to give this low pay grade mind a rest. All this side Stepping is making me dizzzzzzzzy!!! Notice I did not bring up digital front ends. God I love distortion!!!
Enjoy the best buy ride
"You out there, Golden Ears, the person who couldn't care less about present technical measurements but thinks of sound in gestalt terms as a holistic experience.
You're right, you know"
this from a Consummate 'meter reader' who is an electrical 'giant', {whom we are all indebted to for his utilization of fast Fourier analysis}
The Mind has No Firewall~ U.S. Army War College.
"Tre you really think I can not follow the bullshit distortion argument."
I'm a little confused.
You understand all about load lines and spacing between grid lines along the load line and how and why that creates harmonic distortion?
If you follow all that then please explain why you call it bullshit?
BTW My commit about you was only in reference to this one statement, not all the rest of what you and gusser might be talking about.
"There are known distortions and their sonic signature can be identified. And those distortions can easily be predicted in simulation today. So if simulation says a 300B has X distortion at said operating points, building the circuit will prove it does"
As soon as you convincingly explain to me how calculating the HD based on plate curves, operating points and load lines is BS, I will see that I was wrong.
Have Fun and Enjoy the Music
"Still Working the Problem"
Edits: 03/24/17
Hi Tre
I only reason I got involved in this mad hatter tea party was Gusser comes on a DIY tube forum and tell us poor naive souls we can not hear only his machines can. Then if we state we can he sites the old tired DBT. Again assuming, I for one, have no formal training in research.
I have no problem with using distortion as one of the variables on our quest for the holy grail. I have a lot of Crowhurst literature. I have plotted more than one load line in my day. I problem I have run into this a lot, the math solutions and theory do not match what I am hearing. Weather it be ccs's cathode followers, a simple cap or resistor that may not be needed etc...
So many others and my self have concluded base on real life experiences that If it can measure good sound bad or measure bad sound good, we must be measuring the wrong thing. This would imply we maybe do not KNOW all the variables. This does mean your load lines and homogeneous spacings on your tube curves are not a tool you want in your tool box.
I will not insult you with reasons why things sound the way they do because I think there are far to many variables known and unknown to go there. What I will tell you is most the commercial stuff is just plain bad. Even at a high end shows if 10% was worth listening to you would be lucky. My only explanation is people who design this can not hear or money get it out the door etc... Also it may be the market demands loud and bright and corporate America is feeding its appetite.
If you go back just thru Gusser posts on this thread he tells us that he can put together as good as any thing just with the numbers. So I asked him to show me the numbers the machines would pick up to show me how a 2a3 vs 300b vs 845 vs kt88 vs 6550 vs el34 etc... All sound different. And different makes of the same tube sound different. So if the tube curves will give us this information then we should know how the 300b sounds different than a 2a3 etc...
Tre ours tastes, in music reproduction, may be a little different. But I bet we get where we want to go when we sit down and listen Oscar plays that grand piano and we think for a moment he is there. You have always been a asset to this forum and try to help. Others want to play alpha dog games. I admit I took bait. So now I am off to build another 3 phase motor controller for the big motor for the big platter with a big bearing.
Enjoy the ride
"... tell us poor naive souls we can not hear only his machines can. Then if we state we can he sites the old tired DBT."
Sorry, but why do you say "old tired"? It is old, certainly, in that it is part of the standard kind of procedure that has long been used in many areas of investigation where one has to disentangle observer expectations and biases, and in areas where the human senses and mind may be misled in all kinds of subtle ways.
It is maybe an inconvenient truth that humans are much less able to discriminate between subtle differences under double-blind conditions than some people would like to believe. But pretending that these failures can all be put down to some inadequacy in the DBT setup, and pretending that the differences really are audible even when neither the DB tests nor measurements combined with general understandings of audibility thresholds support the idea that they are audible, is really just burying one's head in the sand.
The denigration of the DBT methods by those who want to live in a fantasy world in which every inch of wire is audible could indeed be called an "old tired" reaction. But there is nothing "tired" about the DBT method itself.
A Best Buy $400 AV receiver is capable of very accurate music reproduction today. I stand behind that statement.
I said nothing to the effect that good tube amps are not,
Care to explaine why my statement is wrong?
And I took the tube LCR biamps out of mt HT system. Just not practical. But my music amp is still a stereo KT66 design. I even have a tube surrounds synthesizer, a tube Hafler matrix!
I'll post some pics of my retired tube LCR amps tomorrow.
Edits: 03/22/17 03/22/17
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Families celebrate at The CRAZE presented by Fort McMurray REALTORS®
Excitement and energy took centre stage at the Suncor Community Leisure Centre on December 31 as the community gathered to ring in the New Year at The CRAZE presented by Fort McMurray REALTORS®.
The annual free family New Year's Eve extravaganza was a tremendous success as thousands of attendees came through the doors at the Suncor Community Leisure Centre. The action-packed event got underway with the Free Family Lunch and culminated with the annual New Year's Eve Fireworks.
"Every year The CRAZE brings together friends and families to celebrate the arrival of the New Year," said Russell Agnew, Interim Chief Operating Officer of the Regional Recreation Corporation of Wood Buffalo (RRC). "Thanks to the generous support of our partners, our many volunteers and our community we have seen this annual event grow in popularity to become one of the highlights of the holiday season in Wood Buffalo."
The RRC thanks its numerous community partners for making the CRAZE a success:
· Fort McMurray REALTORS® (Title Partner)
· Nexen, a CNOOC Limited Company
· ATCO Gas
· ATCO Electric
· Mix 103.7 FM
· Country 93.3 FM and ROCK 97.9 FM
· Fort McMurray Oil Barons
· Fort McMurray Public Library
· Fort McMurray Oilsands Curling Club
· Noralta Skating Club
· Great Plains Security
The CRAZE featured several events this year, including WIPEOUT Mac Island presented by Country 93.3 FM and ROCK 97.9 FM, the Main Stage and Entertainment Zone, the KAOS Family Skate, the Craft Carnival presented by Nexen, a CNOOC Limited Company and the grand finale balloon drop presented by ATCO Gas and ATCO Electric. Headlining the Main Stage this year was Canadian pop star Alyssa Reid presented by Mix 103.7 FM. Making a special visit to Fort McMurray, the famous purple dinosaur Barney™ performed two main stage shows for the younger event attendees.
"We are delighted to support The CRAZE on an annual basis," said Olive Wooden, Executive Director of Fort McMurray REALTORS®. "As the community gathered together for a fun day of free activities, events and fireworks we celebrated the ending of 2014 and welcomed the New Year. We would like to thank the ONE Team staff for their work on this event, and special thanks to all the families and community members that attended The CRAZE this year."


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The library has a rapidly growing collection of comics. In our circulating collection, you'll find secondary research resources about comics and some graphic novels. We also have a large Golden Age of Anime available in our Media Center. We have approximately 40,000 floppy comics in Special Collections and University Archives! While the comics in Special Collections don't circulate, we are working hard to organize them and make them accessible for your use. See our tab "Support Comics @ SDSU" to learn how you can help make the collection available for use sooner!
We encourage comics-related research and welcome opportunities to help you access the materials you need. Please take a look at the links on this guide and feel free to ask us for more help!
Check out our new resource, Comics by Topic. Created by Librarian, Pamela Jackson, this guide organizes selected comics by themes and topics that may be of most use in the higher education curriculum. It is intended to give student researchers and faculty a starting point to explore how topics covered in the classroom are represented in sequential art.