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Crown Point landmark opened to visitors March 14
A geologist and an artist who depicts geology in action will speak to current and potential Vista House volunteers at a spring training session Saturday, March 29, at McMenamins Edgefield in Troutdale.
The Friends of Vista House, which hosts the visitor center at Crown Point, is always looking for help in welcoming visitors, says board member Hal Gowing. Two of those volunteers, geologist Dave Olcott and artist Stev Ominski, will address the training session on the geologic history of the gorge. Ominski created an acrylic painting depicting one of the ice age floods sweeping toward Crown Point. Olcott will discuss the clues to those events that can be found today.
Potential volunteers and veteran hosts are included in spring training sessions, which include an April 19 bus trip to sites in the Columbia River Gorge.
The main rotunda of Vista House, now equipped with an elevator to take handicapped tourists to the basement gift shop and exhibits, needs three hosts in order to operate the elevator efficiently, Gowing said. Bonnie Jepsen of Gresham is head of the volunteer development committee. People interested in donating time to Vista House may call Sally King at 503-695-2240 or at 503-695-2746.
Vista House, operated by Friends of Vista House in cooperation with Oregon State Parks, opened on a daily basis, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., on March 14. Beginning April 19, hours will be extended, and the site will be open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
In May the site, which is on the National Register of Historic Places, will mark the 90th anniversary of its dedication as a 'comfort' station for travelers on the Columbia River Highway.


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Report Form: Immigration Fact and Opinion (upper elem/middle)
Choose a country from which people emigrate to the United States, research it, and then answer the fact (When was the first �wave� of immigrants to the United States from this country?) and opinion (If you lived in that country, would you immigrate to the United States?) questions.
Similar documents we think you'll enjoy on abcteach...= Member Access

subset: commoncrawl


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Richard Wilde // Refueling: Putting Myself Back Into My Work on Oct 6th
The Society of Publication Designers (SPD)
Tuesday, October 6, 2009 from 7:00 PM to 8:30 PM (EDT)
Event Details
RICHARD WILDE on Refueling: Putting Myself Back Into My Work
On Tuesday, October 6th, please join us for a celebratory start to the SPD Speaker Series season as we welcome Richard Wilde, Chair of the Advertising and Graphic Design Department at SVA for "Refueling: Putting Myself Back Into My Work." Shortly before the opening of "The Wilde Bunch" on October 9th celebrating his 40 years shaping the visual culture at SVA, Richard takes time to talk with us about the nature of work, and being a creative soul.
As Richard says,
This talk will address the idea that we have two natures. One that is acquired and one that is inborn. Oft times, in the course of our careers we lose sight of our essential nature and our work becomes more mechanically driven and we lose sight of our original goal of being an artist. The question is, How do I make my work my vital, which will give meaning to my life?
Need to remember why you're doing what you do? Get your tickets now!
Refueling: Putting Myself Back Into My Work
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
137-139 West 26th Street (between 6th & 7th Aves), NYC
Doors open at 6:30 PM
Presenation at 7:00 PM
SPD Members, $10 in advance ($15 at the door, if tickets remain, CASH ONLY)
Non-Members, $15 in advance ($20 at the door, if tickets remain, CASH ONLY)
Students & faculty with valid ID: $7 in advance, $5 (at the door, if tickets remain, CASH ONLY)
RSVP early! All tickets, and seating, are first come, first served.
When & Where
Helen Mills Theatre
137-139 West 26th Street
(between 6th & 7th Aves)
New York,
Tuesday, October 6, 2009 from 7:00 PM to 8:30 PM (EDT)
Add to my calendar
The Society of Publication Designers (SPD)
First and foremost, SPD is a membership organization dedicated to promoting and encouraging excellence in editorial design across all print and digital platforms.
Our members are art directors, designers, photo editors, photographers, illustrators and information graphics professionals, editors and students. Since drafting its charter in 1965, SPD remains the only organization specifically addressing the visual concerns of print and digital editorial professionals, whether that be journalism, storytelling, service or more. Editorial design plays a crucial role in shaping and documenting our common history; as such, the efforts of the Society serve to educate and enlighten our members, their fans, and the general public about the importance of magazines.
We love magazines and the people who make them, however they're printed, called-up on your screen, or ported on your iPad.


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£1.95 each
£1.76 if you buy 10+ (10% off)
£1.66 if you buy 30+ (15% off)
Catalogue No: 16257
Shop Product Code: 118904S
More Product Codes
Status: Usually despatched within 15 - 20 working days
Department: Choral - Choral Collections
Publisher: Alfred Music
"Not a complicated piece to sing but good fun for both the choir and the audience. Everyone knows "Camptown Races" and the audience will love to join in with the 'doo-dahs'! Enjoy."
Rating: 11/10/2006 By: Stockton Male Voice Choir


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Get an overview of this hotel3-star Madrid aparthotel in Salamanca, near Las Ventas
Popular property highlights
Located in Salamanca, this aparthotel is within a 15-minute walk of Bullfighting Museum and Las Ventas. Santiago Bernabeu Stadium and El Retiro Park are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Property Features
Along with self parking, this aparthotel has dry cleaning and a 24-hour front desk. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include express check-in, free newspapers, and tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
All 31 soundproofed apartments feature free WiFi and sofa beds. Guests can enjoy deep soaking tubs, and other standard amenities include kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Quo Eraso Aparthotel
Property Amenities
Property Amenities
Quo Eraso Aparthotel features tour/ticket assistance, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Madrid aparthotel also offers express check-in and an elevator (lift). Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
- Total number of rooms - 31
- Number of floors - 4
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Free WiFi
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Express check-in
- Luggage storage
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Self parking (surcharge)
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Soundproofed rooms
- Kitchenette
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Air conditioning
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower/tub combination
- Bidet
- Deep soaking bathtub
- In-room safe (surcharge)
- Television
- Sofa bed
- Free WiFi
- Soundproofed rooms
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
Where to Eat
Continental breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
Property Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available for EUR 31 per night.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets not allowed (service animals welcome)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Only service animals are allowed
No cribs (infant beds) available
Optional extras
- Fee for continental breakfast: EUR 8.80 per person (approximately)
- Self parking fee: EUR 19.80 per day
- In-room safe fee: EUR 2.16 per day
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 31 per night
Property Name
- Aparthotel Eraso
- Aparthotel Quo Eraso
- Eraso
- Quo Eraso
- Quo Eraso Aparthotel
- Quo Eraso Aparthotel Madrid
- Quo Eraso Madrid
- Aparthotel Quo Eraso Hotel Madrid
- Aparthotel Quo Eraso Madrid
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
National Rating
For the benefit of our customers, we have provided a rating based on our rating system.


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"If I Stay" Scores $1.1M For Thursday Opening
It's going to be a good weekend for fans of Young Adult drama, as "If I Stay" is now in theaters and has already posted some respectable numbers.
Last night (August 21) the Chloe Moretz flick raked in a cool $1.1 million in ticket sales, putting it on track for $18M to $20M by the time Monday morning rolls around.
Per the synopsis, "This is the story of a 17-year-old girl whose family is killed in a car accident. The accident puts her in a coma, and as she wavers between life and death, she must decide if she'll fight to live for her boyfriend or join her family in death."
"If I Stay" also stars Mireille Enos, Jamie Blackley and Joshua Leonard, under the direction of RJ Cutler.
Photo Credit: Facebook


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Alfred Angelo Girls Dress Style 724- Taffeta Spaghetti Strap Dress with Net Cape
|Special Order-Ships within 4-6 weeks
|Retail Price:
|Our Price:
This dress is simply breathtaking. The spaghetti strap dress is made of taffeta and has a floral waist adorned with crystal beads and sequins. To give the dress extra unique appeal, it comes with a net cape also adorned with taffeta and organza flowers. This tea length style is not to be missed and will have your little princess looking radiant. Alfred Angelo is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of bridal gowns that has been in business over 80 years. Their designers fuse the latest fashion trends, fabrics, and embellishments to create their signature collection and take inspiration from ready to wear fashion, company design archives, and current modern day women to create unique and fashionable attire. PLEASE NOTE: Standard shipping with Alfred Angelo is 6 week delivery to our office. Rush Delivery is available for an additional $45.00 USD and is 4 week delivery to our office. Please plan accordingly and give enough time for shipping time from our office to your address.
- You will want to measure your child (bare-skinned) with a smooth tape measure and make sure that the child is relaxed to ensure room for comfort. Get an actual measurement-do not place your finger or give an inch, you will want exactly what she is in inches. If you do not have a soft tape measure, then you can always take a piece of string or ribbon, and lay it down on the tape measure to get the number.
- Chest: Take the tape measure under her arms and go directly over the bust line.
- Waist: Go around them with the measuring tape right at the belly button. Some children have a slight pooch belly, so you will want to measure the widest point of where it sticks out.
- Length: Take the tape measure from the top of the child's shoulder to the floor. You will take the tape measure all the way down the front of her and see where it falls on the leg. For ballerina length, the dress should fall between mid-calf to ankle.
- Please keep in mind that most of our dresses should fall between mid-calf to ankle so looking at the length measurement is important. Some sizing charts are generic ones provided to us from the manufacturer so please look at where the dress falls on the model or mannequin and consider the length it would be on your child.
- If you have measured your child and still have questions regarding sizing we are more than happy to help you find the best size. Please submit an email to our Sizing Department and we will help suggest the size you need. Please note when submitting a sizing inquiry, the information needed is: age, chest, waist, top of shoulder to floor measurement and the wear date. Please note that the assistance you receive should be taken as a suggestion only as the child is not in front of us.
Please note:
- Eligible items can be returned or exchanged within 30 days of the date received.
- Any item that states "Special Order" in the availability line are ordered specifically to cover and fill your order-therefore they are eligible for EXCHANGE ONLY. You may use this credit for future use one year date of issue for anything on our website.
- Any item that is marked as "Sale" or with a red tag is sold as Final Sale.
- Please keep in mind when ordering that if there is a special order item on your order, your order will be held and you will receive your entire order in one shipment.
For a full explanation of our policies, see the Policy page.


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Matching your employee development needs with our learning opportunities is easy. All our webcasts can be matched to 10 strategic competencies, find out more.
21 June, 2017 | Human Capital Watch™
Digital Transformation is top of mind for most business leaders. Researchers will discuss the type of culture and structure, strategic capabilities, and leadership that are critical for driving digital transformation. CPE credit available
21 June, 2017 | Special Webcast
Top business and financial service executives need to understand how China exposure might impact their business. Join this webcast to get insights into how to position for associated opportunities and plan for associated risks. CPE credit available
20 June, 2017 | Special Webcast
Join this webcast to get insights from a new Conference Board report on how companies should plan for Europe's shrinking and aging workforce. HRCI and SHRM credit available
15 June, 2017 | Conference KeyNotes
Recent attacks show how cyber risk is ever present and impacts all elements of an organization. In this webcast executives can learn how leaders from both the C-suite and the board must work seamlessly to comprehend, measure, and respond to these cyber threats. CPE (NASBA and IAPP) credit available
14 June, 2017 | Economics Watch
Join us for a discussion on the latest trends in global productivity growth, and what this means for future growth in markets and income. CPE credits available.
07 June, 2017 | Special Webcast
You've likely seen headlines trumpeting the ineffectiveness of leadership development and highlighting that the billions spent each year on training are wasted. Yet, new DDI research tells a different story. Join the webcast to explore the research. HRCI, SHRM, and CPE credit available
31 May, 2017 | Special Webcast
Join us for this webcast to hear about 5 new principles that are challenging the traditional approach to market research.
25 May, 2017 | Conference KeyNotes
In this KeyNote from the Executive Coaching Conference, discover how coaching can build a more resilient, adaptable, and diverse human capital pipeline. HRCI, SHRM, and CCE credit available
24 May, 2017 | Conference KeyNotes
In this Conference KeyNote webcast from our Talent Management Conference, top industry executives reveal how organizations are overcoming current and future talent challenges. Learn how to sharpen your company's strategies for identifying high potential employees and developing future leaders while managing change and engaging employees. HRCI, SHRM, and CPE credit available.
24 May, 2017 | Window On
This live hour-long program is the latest installment in a series of Window on America panel discussions looking at President Trump's administration as it wraps up its first 100 days in office. CPE credit available


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Kiln-Man-Jar-O uproots to new office only a few blocks down the road
Linda Sirianni fulfilled a life-long dream the moment she left behind the bland corporate world to buy Kiln-Man-Jar-O, a colorful pottery-painting studio in Lake Oswego.
A collector of Italian hand-painted pottery and a cancer survivor, she knew she could pursue personal bliss while inspiring kids and adults to tap into their creativity.
'I honored the little voice inside me that said, 'You're right-brained, so do what you love,'' said Sirianni, a Portland resident. 'This is my present to me.'
But when she took over the studio in November, Sirianni realized that for it to survive, it would need to move. The cost of rent was simply too high and the lease agreement was too cumbersome.
Most of all, she didn't want it to leave downtown Lake Oswego.
'It could either stay here and die, or find new life in a new space,' she said.
So, with the help of her husband and friends, Sirianni will carefully box up her ceramics at the end of April and move them to a new studio at 425 Second Street in the Country Square Shopping Center - two blocks from its current location on B Avenue.
'When I tell people we're moving, they get this stricken look on their faces,' she said. 'And then I tell them, 'It's just two blocks!''
Hearing the news is a relief to many - especially kids. For the past 10 years, Kiln-Man-Jar-O has achieved significant popularity, especially among the young crowd. It is the only studio of its kind in town.
'At least half of Lake Oswego's youth have had a birthday here at some point in their lives,' Sirianni said.
Kiln-Man-Jar-O makes most of its profit by hosting group celebrations - anniversaries, births and birthdays to name a few. Customers choose a blank ceramic piece - such as a bowl, plate or statue - and add a touch of color to personalize it and commemorate the event.
'Most people paint a mug their first time here,' Sirianni said.
The Portland Red Lizards Running Club, for example, came together to paint giant ceramic lizards and drink beer. A female step aerobics group, the 'Step-Sisters,' painted a plate to honor a friend's birthday.
Scout packs, church groups, bridal showers and fund-raising teams also congregate at the studio. Painting becomes a way for friends, co-workers and families to bond, Sirianni added.
'It's so wonderful to watch the daddies and daughters work together,' she said.
It's also a joyous occasion, she said, when the finished product comes out of the kiln better than its creator expected. Sirianni places them in her 'Masterpiece Window' up front to await pick-up.
'The fun part of the business is opening the kiln after a fire,' she said. 'It's like, 'Pow!' and color like the Fourth of July.'
'People are astounded all of the time,' she added.
Her new studio will feature about the same amount of public space, but the theme will focus on Italy instead of Mount Kilimanjaro, the enormous mountain in Tanzania.
Its new name, Dipinto De Mano, means 'painted by hand' in Italian. The term is often stamped on the bottom of Italian pottery.
Sirianni plans to outfit the new space with Italian décor and host a grand opening with Italian food and drink. The date of the event has not been determined, but Sirianni hopes to move into the new digs before May 10, Mother's Day.
'People are really attached to this place,' she said.


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First off, Kurtis@MBSP sponsored this test. He is deserving of the credit here. I am merely reporting because i am a superstar.
We went to Charm City Tuning this afternoon, super hot and humid. They've got a dynojet in house there. Strapped it down.
170k block
mk4 hg
7lb flywheel and light crank pulley
home ported head, and competition valve job
2.9 clone upper intake
Autotech intake
Schrick 268's
Ported exhaust manfolds
2. 5" TT with Borla with 42dd testpipe
The best pull was 197whp
Next, we backed the car off the dyno, and Kurtis threw on the 3" setup that is available in the classifieds. Kurtis@MBSP
The best pull with this exhaust was 204whp. This gain was the whole powerband, and 7whp at peak. It also helped churn a couple lbs of torque across the entire powerband, and 5ft/lbs at peak.
I now run a 3" aluminum, single muffler system made by Kurtis
-A mildly modified VR will see mild gains from a 2.5" to 3" exhaust. If you're planning on modding the motor to anything more than bone stock, it might make sense to just buy the 3" system off the bat.
-You 2.25" lovers are wrong. I just pooped on your 'low end torque'.
-Don't be scared.


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Getfreedealz.com is a brand new website devoted to finding you free deals, free samples in india, bringing you competitions with fantastic prizes and money-saving information.
Packed with full of links galore, Getfreedealz.com will help you to find all the latest in prizes, free stuff, offers and voucher codes on the internet – without you having to search for them all yourselves!
So, if you love free samples, free stuff and learning all about how to save money – this is the place for you! You could find yourself with a whole heap of prizes, freebies, free samples and huge disount on various websites. Look forward to daily updates with our newsletter listing all the free stuff we have for that day, as well as exciting competitions you can enter.


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The following websites have been approved for use in the classroom by EDSITEment. Browse websites by subject area.
We're always looking to expand our suite of recommended websites. If you would like to submit a website, please review our website nomination guidelines first.
The Folger Shakespeare Library site for kids, with activities for children and families.
Shakespeare: From the Globe to the Global is a collaborative production of the college teacher-participants in a 2011 NEH summer humanities institute at the Folger Shakespeare Library. Over the course of five weeks, and with the guidance of faculty experts, the institute explored the historical developments through which the hyperbolic ambition signaled by the name of Shakespeare's theatre became a reality.
This site tells the story of Shays' Rebellion, an uprising against the Massachusetts government in 1786. It features essays on the topic, an encyclopedia of related figures, artwork, and maps. It also offers lesson plans. A timeline (1774-1820) presents key events over the years leading up to Shays' Rebellion, during the rebellion itself, and in its aftermath.
Interactive encyclopedia of literary forms and figures of speech.
With lesson plans, classroom interactives, and an essay contest, this site specially features a venture into the lives and works of eight famous artists.
Slavery by Another Name is a 90-minute, NEH-funded documentary challenging one of America's most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. The film is viewable online and the website enriched with an interactive map and timeline with text, videos, photos, a searchable selection of themes, enriched with clips, commentary, and more.


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FCC Sets Goal of Bringing Gigabit Internet Around US by 2015
The workshops will convene leaders from the gigabit community ecosystem-including broadband providers, and state and municipal leaders- to evaluate barriers, increase incentives, and lower the costs of speeding gigabit network deployment.
Together, the workshops will inform the Commission's clearinghouse of ways industry, and local and state leaders can meet the challenge to establish gigabit communities nationwide. Communities across the country are already taking action to seize the opportunities of gigabit broadband for their local economies and bring superfast broadband to homes. In Chattanooga, Tennessee, a local utility deployed a fiber network to 170,000 homes.
Thanks to the city's investment in broadband infrastructure, companies like Volkswagen and Amazon have created more than 3,700 new jobs over the past three years in Chattanooga. In Kansas City, the Google Fiber initiative is bringing gigabit service to residential consumers, attracting new entrepreneurs and startups to the community. The Gig.U initiative has already catalyzed $200 million in private investment to build ultra-high-speed hubs in the communities of many leading research universities, including a recent joint venture with the University of Washington and a private ISP to deliver gigabit service to a dozen area neighborhoods in Seattle.
The Gigabit City Challenge is designed to drive a critical mass of gigabit communities like these, creating new markets for 21st century services, promoting competition, spurring innovation, and driving economic growth nationwide. The FCC's Broadband Acceleration Initiative is working to expand the reach of robust, affordable broadband by streamlining access to utility poles and rights of way, and improving policies for wireless facilities siting and other infrastructure. Gigabit communities can also benefit from tens of thousands of miles of critical "middle mile" fiber infrastructure funded throughout the country by the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program run by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The Commission's Connect America Fund, the largest ever public investment in rural broadband, includes funding for high-speed broadband to anchor institutions like schools and hospitals.


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Sunday, December 26, 2010
Mass extinction of species through ages
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/26/2010 07:37:00 PM BIODIVERSITY
At the end of the International Year of Biodiversity, let us recall the role of nature in extinction. In the current era of extinction of species solely due to human activities, let us say shamelessly, that if nature itself is responsible for greater extinctions, humans should not be cursed for smaller crimes!
The term Mass Extinction refers to any episode of multiple losses of species of plants and animals. However, the term is often used for events of Global Extinction. Global Extinctions have been the disasters when intensive losses of species occurred in all the ecosystems on land and in the sea that affected nearly every part of the earth. Scientists recognize FIVE episodes of mass extinction during the past 500 million years –
First Mass Extinction: It occurred around 438 million years ago in the Ordovician Period during which more than 85 % of species on the earth became extinct. Second Mass Extinction occurred around 367 million years ago near the end of the Devonian period when about 82 % of species became extinct. The Third Mass Extinction occurred around 245 million years ago at the end of the Permian period when about 96 % of species became extinct. The devastation was so great that Paleontologists use this event to mark the end of ancient or the Paleozoic Era and the beginning of the middle or the Mesozoic Era. During this era many new groups of animals and plants evolved on the earth. The Fourth Mass Extinction occurred around 208 million years ago, near the end of the Triassic Period during which about 76 percent species had become extinct from the earth. The populations that had gone extinct during that period mostly belonged to amphibians and reptiles. The Fifth Mass Extinction occurred around 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous Period when about 76 % of the species of the earth including Dinosaurs had gone extinct. It is supposed that this Mass Extinction occurred when one or more big meteorite(s) had struck the earth during the Mesozoic era. This era is also called as the era of reptiles.
Scientists are of the opinion that now the earth is facing the most severe episode of extinction since the extinction of dinosaurs. Biologists say that about 27,000 species are becoming extinct each year, which means: three species per year. The causes of the current mass extinction or the Sixth Mass Extinction are changes in the world climate and anthropogenic pressures. This has come to be known as the 6th mass extinction. The penguin like great auk, the Passenger Pigeon, the Balinese tiger, the quagga, and the moa etc. are the victims of the 6th mass extinction. The passenger pigeon were once abundant in many parts of the world but it became extinct in 1914 as a result of hunting and habitat destruction.
Key words : mass extinction, international year for biodiversity,hunting, habitat destruction
Sustenance of mankind in the resource- limited environment
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/26/2010 06:07:00 PM ECOSENSORIUM KNOWHOW
The environment of any place or area can support only a fixed number of organisms, up to a fixed period of time. This is called as carrying capacity of the environment. Similarly, the ecosystem of an area can support a fixed number of organisms up to a fixed period of time. After that the organisms dependent on such an area of ecosystem are sure to collapse. We say when an ecosystem has to bear the load of populations beyond its carrying capacity and when its components including the biodiversity are exploited, over used and abused by human beings, most of the ecological processes get disrupted leading to a dangerous imbalance.
Today, in the unplanned technological development, resources are exploited, used or overused up to such an extent that the ecosystem looses its carrying capacity. On the other hand, an ecosystem has the capacity of absorbing and assimilating pollutants disposed into it by human beings. But a time comes when the ecosystem looses its carrying capacity to absorb and assimilate these pollutants. As a result they join natural cycle of substances and accumulate in consumers to cause deadly biomagnifications. Thus an imbalanced environment can no longer support and sustain life existing in it. Since resources are limited, and most of the resources that support life and build up the back bone of today's development come from the biodiversity sources, it is difficult rather impossible for the natural environment to sustain the exploding human population.
The earlier model of unplanned technological economic development had no provision of equity. Thus economic disparity and poverty increased in a fast speed. Poor continued to become poorer whereas the rich continued to become richer.
The U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in one of his public addresses had once stated in 1937- The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much: it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little.
Sustenance of mankind and the balance of nature have close links with the diversity of cultures and organisms. Many cultures and traditions enrich and support biodiversity and biodiversity is essential for our growth and progress. Thus sustenance of mankind and eco friendly activities that promote traditional knowledge and traditional practices are important for the conservation of our age old traditions, culture, biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
A very big reason behind the risks against the sustenance of mankind is unsustainable consumption- overuse and wastage of resources. Here is a direct quote of some paragraphs from the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, U N Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Sustainable Development.
Fundamental changes in the way societies produce and consume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development. All countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed countries taking the lead and with all countries benefiting from the process, taking into account the Rio principles, including, inter alia, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities as set out in principle 7 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Governments, relevant international organizations, the private sector and all major groups should play an active role in changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns. This would include the actions at all levels set out below.
Encourage and promote the development of a 10-year framework of programmes in support of regional and national initiatives to accelerate the shift towards sustainable consumption and production to promote social and economic development within the carrying capacity of ecosystems by addressing and, where appropriate, delinking economic growth and environmental degradation through improving efficiency and sustainability in the use of resources and production processes and reducing resource degradation, pollution and waste. All countries should take action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development needs and capabilities of developing countries, through mobilization, from all sources, of financial and technical assistance and capacity-building for developing countries. This would require actions at all levels to:
(a) Identify specific activities, tools, policies, measures and monitoring and assessment mechanisms, including, where appropriate, life-cycle analysis and national indicators for measuring progress, bearing in mind that standards applied by some countries may be inappropriate and of unwarranted economic and social cost to other countries, in particular developing countries;
(b) Adopt and implement policies and measures aimed at promoting sustainable patterns of production and consumption, applying, inter alia, the polluter-pays principle described in principle 16 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development;
(c) Develop production and consumption policies to improve the products and services provided, while reducing environmental and health impacts, using, where appropriate, science-based approaches, such as life-cycle analysis;
(d) Develop awareness-raising programmes on the importance of sustainable production and consumption patterns, particularly among youth and the relevant segments in all countries, especially in developed countries, through, inter alia, education, public and consumer information, advertising and other media, taking into account local, national and regional cultural values;
(e) Develop and adopt, where appropriate, on a voluntary basis, effective, transparent, verifiable, non-misleading and non-discriminatory consumer information tools to provide information relating to sustainable consumption and production, including human health and safety aspects. These tools should not be used as disguised trade barriers;
(f) Increase eco-efficiency, with financial support from all sources, where mutually agreed, for capacity-building, technology transfer and exchange of technology with developing countries and countries with economies in transition, in cooperation with relevant international organizations.
Increase investment in cleaner production and eco-efficiency in all countries through; inter alia, incentives and support schemes and policies directed at establishing appropriate regulatory, financial and legal frameworks. This would include actions at all levels to:
(a) Establish and support cleaner production programmes and centres and more efficient production methods by providing, inter alia, incentives and capacity-building to assist enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly in developing countries, in improving productivity and sustainable development;
(b) Provide incentives for investment in cleaner production and eco-efficiency in all countries, such as state-financed loans, venture capital, technical assistance and training programmes for small and medium-sized companies while avoiding trade-distorting measures inconsistent with the rules of the World Trade Organization;
(c) Collect and disseminate information on cost-effective examples in cleaner production, eco-efficiency and environmental management and promote the exchange of best practices and know-how on environmentally sound technologies between public and private institutions;
(d) Provide training programmes to small and medium-sized enterprises on the use of information and communication technologies.
Integrate the issue of production and consumption patterns into sustainable development policies, programmes and strategies, including, where applicable, into poverty reduction strategies.
Enhance corporate environmental and social responsibility and accountability. This would include actions at all levels to:
(a) Encourage industry to improve social and environmental performance through voluntary initiatives, including environmental management systems, codes of conduct, certification and public reporting on environmental and social issues, taking into account such initiatives as the International Organization for Standardization standards and Global Reporting Initiative guidelines on sustainability reporting, bearing in mind principle 11 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development;
(b) Encourage dialogue between enterprises and the communities in which they operate and other stakeholders;
(c) Encourage financial institutions to incorporate sustainable development considerations into their decision-making processes;
(d) Develop workplace-based partnerships and programmes, including training and education programmes.
Encourage relevant authorities at all levels to take sustainable development considerations into account in decision-making, including on national and local development planning, investment in infrastructure, business development and public procurement. This would include actions at all levels to:
(a) Provide support for the development of sustainable development strategies and programmes, including in decision-making on investment in infrastructure and business development;
(b) Continue to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the costs of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment;
(c) Promote public procurement policies that encourage development and diffusion of environmentally sound goods and services;
(d) Provide capacity-building and training to assist relevant authorities with regard to the implementation of the initiatives listed in the present paragraph;
(e) Use environmental impact assessment procedures.
(e) Use environmental impact assessment procedures.
Key words : sustainable development,resource limitation, carrying capacity,unsustainable consumption
Saturday, December 25, 2010
A nationwide drive to develop and reorient science and technology in India
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/25/2010 09:48:00 PM ECOSENSORIUM NEWS
The Vigyan Jyot for the 98th Indian Science Congress was flagged off by Prof. Dinesh Singh, the Vice Chancellor of Delhi University at Shri Venkateshwar College in New Delhi. It is a movement inspired by Vision 2020 of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India.
The aim of Vigyan Jyot is to encourage a scientific temper among the youth and to spread the message of "Science for a billion people". It is a nationwide inspirational drive which is to travel across 10 cities of India ending its journey at S R M University in Chennai, the site of 98th Indian Science Congress which is to take place from 3rd January to 7th January 2011. The Congress is expected to be inaugurated by Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of India. The initiative of Vigyan Jyot is conceptualized and orgnised by Science and Technology Organisation MMactive and the 98th Indian Science Congress. Other institutions supporting the initiative are the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan and the National Service Scheme.
According to Ravi Boratkar, the Organising Secretary of Vigyan Jyot and 98th Indian Science Congress, it was the second edition of Vigyan Jyot which was being taken across the country for the first time. The Vigyan Jyot is represented by a flaming torch. Starting from the National capital it has been scheduled to travel across Jaipur, Gwalior, Jhansi, Bhopal, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore, and Chennai.
It is reported that this year's Indian Science Congress will address key issues and will deliberate on major challenges that are being posed by changing dynamics in the arena of Science and Technology. The focal theme of the congress is the importance of innovation fuelled by a strong research base and quality education in the areas of science and technology to attract talented people towards various researches. The emphasis during the 98th Indian Science Congress will be laid down on –
· Creating network of research and development institutes
· Promoting innovation in academics and industries
· Offering incentives, fellowships and rewards
The thrust areas of 98th Indian Science Congress are – Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Environmental Science, Medical Sciences, Electronics Sector, Climate Change, Space Science and Technology and Transportation. With the increasing orientation of youth towards employment at post teenage stage, a major part of the academic traffic is moving towards vocational courses. The conditions of research and research facilities in many of the Indian Universities and in various research institutions, is not sound. Hence the need of the time is to motivate students towards higher studies leading to quality researches and innovations in science and technology.
Key words: Vigyan Jyot, Indian Science Congress, research, message of Science
Friday, December 24, 2010
What are food- preservatives?
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/24/2010 10:20:00 PM ECOSENSORIUM KNOWHOW
Substances that are added to food items in order to inhibit, retard or arrest the process of fermentation, acidification or decomposition of food items are called as preservatives.
Preservatives have been kept under two broad classes- Class I preservatives and Class II Preservatives. Some class-I preservatives are: common salt, sugar, dextrose, glucose syrup, spices, vinegar or acetic acid, honey and edible vegetable oil. These preservatives can be mixed in any food product, unless otherwise provided in the rules. Class II preservatives are Benzoic acid and its salts; sulphurous acid and its salts; Nitrates or Nitrites of Sodium or Potassium (in meat products like ham and pickled meat); Sorbic acid and its Sodium , Potassium or calcium salts; propionates of calcium or sodium; Lactic acid and acid calcium phosphate ; Nicin; propionates of Sodium and Calcium ; Methyl or Propyl Parahydroxy- Benzoate; Propionic acid, their salts and esters; sodium diacetate and Sodium, Potassium and calcium salts of Lactic acid.
According to law no person is allowed to use more than one preservative of class II on one particular food item. As per law Sulphur dioxide or Benzoic acid can be added in the proportion of 40 parts per million or 200 parts per million respectively. The use of each one of the class II preservatives is specified and restricted under law.
Key words : food- preservatives, law,fermentation
What is Plant Quarantine?
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/24/2010 10:12:00 PM ECOSENSORIUM KNOWHOW
According to the international law, the regulation of a country which imposes a period of time during which a ship arriving in port is forbidden to download goods or passengers because of the suspicion that it may be carrying germs of some contagious diseases is called as quarantine.
We have sufficient evidence of the fact that many diseases reach to our country through imported goods and gradually get disseminated in the whole country. We regularly import many types of agricultural produce, plants, seeds etc. from foreign country. These goods may carry seeds of weeds and microorganisms of various deadly diseases. The Govt of India passed Destructive Insects and Pests Act in 1914 which enables Quarantine Department to check and test imported goods before allowing them to be carried inside the country.
A code of International Sanitary Regulations was added by nations of the world in 1850 in a conference at Paris. Later on, all the nations of the world adopted this code and enforced it in their commercial relations with one another. Plant quarantine relates to the part of the same international code which imposes a series of tests of the plant materials exported to a country before their entry. According to regulations under Plant Quarantine, nothing of plant origin is allowed to enter into a country without passing through a test of sanitation. If concerned authorities are satisfied that the goods coming to their country are safe and are not infected with contagious disease, they issue a certificate to it and allow it to enter into the territory of their country. Plant quarantine stations are usually established at sea ports and air ports through which most of the import and export is done regularly between two countries.
As per the Indian regulations - any agency wishing to import plant species or plant products into India from any foreign land must follow Plant Quarantine (Regulation of import into India) Order, 2003(amended).
Following are the regulations for the permit required for import of plants and plant products -
(1) No consignment of plants and plant products, if found infested or infected with a quarantine pest or contaminated with noxious weed species shall be permitted to be imported.
(2) Every vessel carrying out bulk shipment of grains shall be inspected on board by an officer duly authorized by Plant Protection Adviser before the same accorded permission to offload the grain at the notified port of entry. On inspection, if found free from quarantine pests and noxious weed species, permission shall be accorded to off- load the grain at the port or order fumigation/treatment of grain on board or immediately upon unloading at the port, as the case may be, before such permission is granted for movement outside the port and subject to such conditions as imposed thereon.
(3) The bulk shipment (s) of transgenic plants or plant products or genetically modified organisms shall be dealt as per the provisions of the Rules for manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous micro-organisms, Genetically engineered organisms or cells made under Sections 6, 8 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) or under the mechanism established as per the provisions of Bio-safety Protocol by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Following are the regulations that cover the import of wood and timber -
(1) Notwithstanding that no import permit is required under these rules in respect of any consignment of wood or timber of plant specified in Schedule VII, no such consignment shall be brought into India unless such consignment fulfils the following conditions, namely:-
(i) the wood with bark shall be fumigated prior to export with methyl bromide at 48 g/m3 for 24 hrs at 21oC or above or equivalent thereof or any other treatment duly approved by the Plant Protection Adviser and the treatment shall be endorsed on the Phytosanitary certificate issued thereof at the country of export; or
(ii) the timber or sawn or sized wood (without bark) prior to export shall be either fumigated as above or kiln dried or heat treated at 56oC for 30 min (core temperature of wood) and appropriately marked as 'KD' or 'HT', as the case may be, and in such instances no Phytosanitary certificate shall be required, but a treatment certificate issued by the approved agency shall be required to be produced before the Plant Protection Adviser.
(2) All the consignments of timber shall be inspected on board prior to unloading at the port of arrival by an officer duly authorized by Plant Protection Adviser and, if necessary, fumigated or treated on board before unloading: Provided that no such inspection shall be necessary in case of containerized cargo.
(3) The containerized cargo of timber or sawn or seized wood without bark shall be inspected by an authorized Plant Quarantine Officer after unloading of the containers from the ship at the port of container freight station or Inland Container Depots under the jurisdiction of concerned Plant Quarantine Station.
(4) The provision of this Order shall not apply to consignments of processed wood material such as plywood, particleboard, oriental strand board or veneer that have been manufactured by using glue, heat and pressure or combination thereof.
Here are some special conditions for import of plant species -
(1) In addition to the general conditions listed above in Chapter-II, the plant species herein after mentioned in Schedule-V and VI shall not be permitted to be imported except when specifically authorized or covered under import permit issued by an appropriate issuing authority and subject to such restrictions and conditions specified in this Chapter.
(2) Every consignment of plant species herein specified in Schedule-V and VI shall be accompanied by a Phytosanitary Certificate issued by the authorized officer at country of origin or Phytosanitary Certificate–re export issued by the country of re-export along with attested copy of original phytosanitary certificate, as the case may be, with the additional declarations being free from pests mentioned under Schedule-V and VI of this order or that the pests as specified do not occur in the country or state of origin as supported by documentary evidence thereof.
(3) General conditions shall apply to all consignments including in respect of those mentioned in Schedule V, VI and VII.
The Post Entry Quarantine regulations are -
(1) Plants and seeds, which require post-entry quarantine as laid down in Schedule V and VI of this order, shall be grown in post-entry quarantine facilities duly established by importer at his cost, approved and certified by the Inspection Authority as per the guidelines prescribed by the Plant Protection Adviser.
(2) The period for which, and the conditions under which, the plants and seeds shall be grown in such facilities shall be specified in the permit granted under clause 3.
(3) Nothing contained in Sub-clause (1) shall apply to the import of tissue-cultured plants that are certified virus-free as per Schedule-V and VI, but such plants, shall be subjected to inspection at the point of entry to ensure that the phytosanitary requirements are met with.
(4) Every application for certification of post-entry quarantine facilities shall be submitted to the inspection authority in Form PQ 18. The inspection authority if satisfied after necessary inspection and verification of facilities shall issue a certificate in Form PQ 19.
(5) At the time of arrival of the consignment, the importer shall produce this certificate before the Officer- in-Charge of the Quarantine Station at the entry point along with an undertaking in form PQ 20.
(6) If the Officer- in-Charge of the Quarantine Station, after inspection of the consignment is satisfied, shall accord quarantine clearance with post-entry quarantine condition on the production, by an importer, of a certificate from the inspection authority with the stipulation that the plants shall be grown in such post-entry quarantine facility for the period specified in the import permit.
(7) After according quarantine clearance with post-entry quarantine conditions to the consignments of plants and seeds requiring post-entry quarantine, the Officer-in-Charge of the Quarantine Station at the entry point shall inform the inspection authority, having jurisdiction over the post-entry quarantine facility, of their arrival at the location where such plants would be grown by the importer.
(8) It shall be the responsibility of the importer or his agent -
(i) to intimate the inspection authority in advance about the date of planting of the imported plant or seed.
(ii) not to transfer or part with or dispose the consignment during the pendency of post-entry quarantine except in accordance with a written approval of inspection authority.
(iii) to permit the inspection authority complete access to the post-entry quarantine facility at all times and abide by the instructions of such inspection authority.
(iv) to maintain an inspection kit containing all requisite items to facilitate nursery inspection and ensure proper plant protection and upkeep of nursery records.
(v) to extend necessary facilities to the inspection authority during his visit to the nursery and arrange destruction of any part or whole of plant population when ordered by him in the event of infection or infestation by a quarantine pest, in a manner specified by him.
(9) The inspection authority of concerned area of jurisdiction or any officer authorized by the Plant Protection Adviser in this behalf, in association with a team of experts shall inspect the plants grown in the approved post-entry quarantine facility at such intervals as may be considered necessary in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Plant Protection Adviser, with a view to detect any pests and advise necessary phytosanitary measures to contain the pests.
(10) The inspection authority shall permit the release of plants from post-entry quarantine, if they are found to be free from pests and diseases for the period specified in the permit for importation.
(11) Where the plants in the post-entry quarantine are found to be affected by pests and diseases during the specified period the inspection authority shall:-
(i) order the destruction of the affected consignment of whole or a part of the plant population in the post-entry quarantine if the pest or disease is exotic, or (ii) advise the importer about the curative measures to be taken to the extent necessary, if the pest or disease is not exotic and permit the release of the affected population from the post-entry quarantine only after curative measures have been observed to be successful. Otherwise, the plants shall be ordered to be destroyed.
(12) Where destruction of any plant population is ordered by the inspection authority, the importer shall destroy the same in the manner as may be directed by the inspection authority and under his supervision
(13) At the end of final inspection, the inspection authority shall forward a copy of the report of
Post-entry quarantine inspection duly signed by him to the Plant Protection Adviser under intimation to officer- in-charge of concerned plant quarantine station.
(14) The importer shall be liable to pay the prescribed fee for inspection of plants in the Post-entry.
Key words: quarantine, regulations, import, post-entry
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Bharngi(Clerodendrum sp.)- an amazing plant
Dr. M. P. Mishra 12/23/2010 08:14:00 PM BIODIVERSITY , MEDICINAL PLANTS
Three months ago I chanced to see a Turk's turban in the sal forest of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, a premier institute of India. I got fascinated by its appearance and beauty and wondered how alone a plant of about 3 feet in height was there. I walked here and there for a long time under the canopies of sal trees but could not see another one. I liked and loved its boldness, erectness, phyllotaxy, inflorescence and its colours – leaves deep green and inflorescence off-white and lovely with stamens looking out of graceful flowers. Since then where ever I moved in the state, I could not become fortunate enough to see another Turk's turban, yes the great beautiful, lovely and bold under shrub of immense medicinal value. Many of you may be well aware of the plant, many might have done commendable researches on it, yet many may still be astonishing about it and its nomenclature – the Turk's Turban.
Nomenclature of the plant
Turk's turban is taxonomically known as Clerodendrum indicum or Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze. It belongs to family Verbenaceae. In Ayurveda it is known as a member of Nirgundi family. Its other names are Tube- flower and Skyrocket (in English), Bharangi (in Hindi), Bharngi in Sanskrit, and Bharangi in Guajarati. Its synonyms are Siphonanthus indicus, Clerodendrum sahelangii, Clerodendron indicum, - serratum and -Ovieda mitis. Glory Bower, bag flower and bleeding heart are its other names.
The Sanskrit word Bharngi literally means glorious. There is another name for the same plant and that is Bhrguja which implies a relation with the great sage Bhrigu. The peculiarities of the plant has been described by its various names like Kharasaka – plant with rough leaves, Padma – flowers looking like lotus, vatari – an enemy of vata dosha, Kasagni – which alleviates cough.
Habit and Habitat
Turk's turban or tube flower is a semi woody shrub or returning perennial, 6-9 ft (1.8-2.7 m) tall and only slightly, if at all, branched. The stem is hollow and the leaves are elliptic and 6-8 in (15-20 cm) long, borne in whorls of four on very short petioles. The inflorescence is huge, consisting of many tubular snow white flowers in a terminal cluster up to 2 ft (0.6 m) long. The tubes of the flowers are about 4 in (10 cm) long and droop downward, and the expanded corollas are about 2 in (5 cm) across. The fruits are attractive dark metallic blue drupes, about a half inch in diameter.
It is generally found in the area that is about 4000 feet in height. It is more commonly found in areas with moderate temperature. It is also found in temperate zone Tube flower is reported to be native to the Malay Archipelago. However it is reported to be native of many other parts of the world too. In India it is found in the eastern region of Himalaya like Kumaun, Assam, Bengal, Bihar and regions of Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mani Pur, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, and Uttar Pradesh etc regions. It is also found in Bhutan, Nepal, Srilanka, Indo-China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Malesia, Philippines etc. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and has become naturalized in South America, the West Indies and much of the southern U.S., where it grows in disturbed sites and especially along road shoulders.
It has a perennial bushy plant that attains a height of 2-8 feet in height. Stem is hollow. Leaves are 3-6 inch in length and 2 to 3 inch in breadth. These are rough having dentate at the edges, spear shaped. Leaves are borne in whorls and have short petioles. The inflorescence is large and bears tubular flowers that bear white or bluish colored flowers and it is about 2 feet in length and one inch broad. These flowers have good odor. The tubes of the flower are about 8 centimeter in length that droops down. Fruit is circular and has a height of ¼ inch in length and 1/6 to ½ inch broad. It is pulpy and when it ripe, it changes to dark purple to black in color. The flowering and fruiting of this plant has been reported to occur during summer and rainy seasons. There are some 400 species of Clerodendrum (sometimes misspelled as Clerodendron). Several species are grown for their strikingly beautiful flowers. Flaming glorybower is a beautiful tropical vine or sprawling shrub with scarlet flowers. Scented glorybower or Cashmere bouquet (C. bungei) is an invasive weed in Florida, listed by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council.
Images 1 - 4: Different moods of Clerodendrum
The inflorescence of the plant is terminal. Sepals are usually connate or often coloured. The tube of corolla remains five lobed and lobes often remain unequal. Each flower contains 4 to 5 stamens that remain in two pairs of unequal length. Stamens project beyond the mouth of corolla. Each ovary has four locules and number of ovules remains 4.The style remains terminal on the ovary and stigma remains bifid. Fruits of the plant are drupe with four grooves.
Clerodendrums have an unusual pollination syndrome which avoids self pollination. Yao-Wu Yuan et al (2010) have reported that this mating system combines dichogmy and herkogamy.
The bark of the root contains phenolic glycoside and sepogenin as active ingredient. Sepogenin is very helpful as an anti- histamine agent and it is very much effective in preventing the bodies or over active reaction of the body towards any external agent entering the body. The sapogenin mixture contains three major triterpenoid constitutent's oleonolic acid, queretaroic acid and serratagenic acid. The root bark yields a glycoside material, phenolic in natures. D – Mannitol is isolated from the bark with a yield of 10.9 %. The powdered stem contains D- mannitol, D- glucoside of sitosterol, sitosterol and acetyl alcohol. Alcoholic extract and saponin isolated from root bark caused release of histamine from lung tissue.
Ayurveda reports that this plant is kapha and vata suppressant. It is a good anti-inflammatory agent and also helps in healing of wounds. It improves circulation of blood in the body. Bhangri is also helpful in improving the digestive activities of the body. It acts on respiratory system thus expelling out the excessive mucus in the tract relieving from cough, cold and asthmatic symptoms. It opens the body pores and increases the sweating in the body. According to ayurveda, it contains Gunna (properties) - laghu (light) and ruksh (rough) Rasa (taste) - tickta (bitter), katu (pungent) Virya (potency) - ushna (hot).
Medicinal and ethno-herbological properties
Bharngi is bitter, pungent and astringent in taste, pungent in the post digestive effect and has hot potency (Virya). It alleviates kapha and vata doshas. It possesses light and dry attributes. According to Raja Nighantu, it is useful in asthma, cough, fever, worms, burning sensation of the body and wounds.
The roots and leaves of bharngi have great medicinal value. The plant is useful, both, internally as well as externally. The leaves are useful as an external application for cephalalgia and ophthalmia. The pulp of the leaves applied externally, mitigates the glandular swellings and hastens the wound healing. The juice of its leaves is applied on the lesions in erysipelas. The root paste applied on the forehead alleviates headache.
Internally bharngi is used in vast range of diseases. It is an appetizer, lacative and digests ama, hence is beneficial in anorexia, tumours and distaste. The decoction of bharngi root is extremely effective in oedema over body, especially due to kapha. The plant works well as a blood purifier. The decoction of sesame seeds (tila), mixed with ghee, jaggery, trikatu powder (sunthi, marica and pippali) and bharngi root powder is the best medicament for amenorrhea and uterine tumours which is called as Rakta- gulma in Sanskrit.
Bharngi is the most valuable herb to take internally in respiratory ailments and for all fevers in general. In Konkan the leaves of the plant are used as vegetables in malarial fever. As bharngi effectively liquefies the mucous, it is salutary in respiratory problems like colds, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and tuberculosis. In such conditions, varied combinations of bharngi are recommended. Susruta and Bhavamisra have also described the medicinal properties of the plant particularly for respiratory complaints viz. asthma. Susruta has mentioned it as a panacea for epilepsy and also as stanyasodhaka – lactodepurant Vagbhata has cited its usefulness in cough due to kapha and vata. Caraka has categorized it as purisa sangrahaniya – gives form to faeces.
The juice of its roots and ginger relieves bronchospasms in asthma. In cough due to kapha and vata, the jam prepared of sesame oil, jaggery, bharngi and sunthi is beneficial. It works well with pippali, sunthi and jaggery to curb the spasms and bouts of cough. In hiccup, the root powder is given along with sugar, or its jam. The combination of bharngi and pippali (2: 1) with honey, is also an effective remedy for hiccup. The decoction of bharngi roots is benevolent in worm infestations.
- Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany.
- Steven J. Wagstaff, Laura Hickerson, Russ Spangler, Patrick A. Reeves, and Richard G. Olmstead. 1998. "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 209(3-4):265-274.
- Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberly, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59(1):125-133.
- Dorothy A. Steane and David J. Mabberley. 1998. "Rotheca (Lamiaceae) Revived". Novon 8(2):204-206.
- Rosette B. Fernandes and Bernard Verdcourt. 2000. "Rotheca (Labiatae) revived - more new combinations". Kew Bulletin 55(1):147-154.
- David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.
- George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005)
- Clerodendrum page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum volume 2. Laurentii Salvii. Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000.
- John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "Clerodendrum" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany.
- Dorothy A. Steane, Robert W. Scotland, and David J. Mabberley. 1997. "Phylogenetic Relationships of Clerodendrum s.l. (Lamiaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA". Systematic Botany 22(2):229-243.
- Dorothy A. Steane, Robert W. Scotland, David J. Mabberley, and Richard G. Olmstead. 1999. "Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): ITS sequences and total evidence". American Journal of Botany 86(1):98-107.
- Dorothy A. Steane, Rogier P.J. de Kok, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2004. "Phylogenetic relationships between Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) and other Ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(1):39-45.
Key words: Clerodendrum, Bharangi, Srusrut, Bhavamisra, Phylogenetics, vata, kapha
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Why does Sum return 0 on this series?
In Mathematica 6.0.1 on Mac OS X, Sum returns 0 on this series.
In[1]:= Sum[Log[n]^4/n^2, {n, 2, Infinity}]
Out[1]= 0
In[2]:= $Version
Out[2]= "6.0 for Mac OS X x86 (32-bit) (June 19, 2007)"
Of course that's not right, because the terms are all positive. I
don't expect Sum to always return a correct answer for any series
(that would be unreasonable), and NSum is the more appropriate
command to investigate this series numerically. But 0 seems like a
very strange answer. Can anyone provide any insight on why
Mathematica is returning 0 for the sum of a positive series?
Adam Weyhaupt
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
aweyhau at siue.edu
Science Building 1316 (618) 650-2220


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|Topic Review (Newest First)
|Max Agro
|I was doing a lot of martial arts and it started to bother me. And then I started thinking that it might not be the best thing to leave in forever (that the metal might eventually cause rheumatism, etc.).... plus I got tied of setting off alarms at security when I was flying
|Last season my ankle held up perfectly, so no worries there. I rode the entire season without any issues other than the hot spot (which I easily solved). I was more curious if any of the other guys ended up leaving in the hardware since getting it removed is more of a hassle at this point than leaving it in. My plan is to wait to see if the pin heads start to push out over the years, but leave it alone otherwise. It sounds like you did the same. Why after 8 years did you get it removed?
|Max Agro
I shattered my left tibia and fibula and broke my left ankle snowboarding at Whistler many years ago. The docs at Vancouver West General did an awesome job (I guess they see a lot of similar injuries from Whistler) .. any way I ended up with a 10 inch plate with 9 screws and multiple staples to hold it altogether along with a bone graft from my hip. It was a total drag as I was 26 weeks non-weight bearing before I could even start to walk.
After it healed which took about a year in total I started snowboarding. At first I was very scared of it breaking on me again and sometimes it felt like it would snap on me when I was just walking.. let alone snowboarding. But I persevered and got through the mental part of it and all was good. I ended up keeping the hardware in for around 8 years before I finally had it removed and it never really bothered me too much although there was some ankle pressure and discomfort from the boots when I was riding.
Finally, I got it all removed but as long as it doesn't bother you don't worry about it.
TLDR: you're gtg as long as it doesn't bother you too much.
By the way, did any of you actually get your hardware removed yet? I finished this past season without any real issues and the pin heads weren't poking out, so I decided to leave them in this summer and avoid the removal surgery. So I'll be giving it a go this coming season with them still in. I plan on using that mole skin padding on my ankle near the pins to prevent hot spots from developing.
Curious what the rest of you did after a full season and summer post initial surgery.
|Yea I'm finding on my new boots that the ankle starts to get pretty sore in the late afternoon of day 2. 3 days plus and the hardware would start to limit my riding. Definitely looking forward to getting the parts out, but all things considered it definitely could be worse
I didn't get to read the whole thread. I had a dislocation/fracture and it took them like 3 tries to reduce the dislocation.
I had my hardware removed 2 years after the initial surgery. I had 6 screws and a 5 inch plate removed. I was lucky the screws didn't rub on anything but I did feel them sitting legs crossed like and indian or lying on the side of my injury. Not painful but I knew they were there.
Sooo much better with the hardware removed. The only other major drawback was that my right ankle is bigger than my left (non-injured) side.
Did you ever check out mybrokenleg.com? some interesting discussions there.
Glad you're back to riding!
Great news! Glad you didn't have any issues. My season has been going great too so far. I still think I'll get the pins removed this summer, but those moleskins work well and once I started using them I haven't had any issues. I'm sure a lot of it has to do with placement. Mine is right where that round nub on the inside of your ankle is located.
Have fun riding!
Final update:
Just had my first day of riding, due to a tropical holiday in December and intense work schedule since I've been back, I haven't been able to make it out until last weekend.
Unfortunately, the girlfriend packed our stuff and brought my old boots when I really wanted to test out the new ones which are a size smaller and much stiffer. Anyways, I had absolutely no problems with the ankle. No painkillers, patches, pads or anything were used, I just jumped in and rode. I felt no pain on the direct site from pressure and no pain from the articulating or increased pressure on the joint. While not pushing myself too hard, I tried to put it through it's paces with some smaller jumps and hits and impact felt fine.
Overall, I was very surprised (and stoked) that it did not bother me in the slightest
You're welcome. We're in the same boat, so happy to share my experiences to save you some pain and discomfort. The ankle felt great otherwise and once I started using the moleskin it was as if I hadn't had surgery. The PT definitely paid off. I also bought stiffer boots this year to provide more support.
Hopefully you get out there and ride soon!
Originally Posted by DevilWithin View Post
Ryan - I've been riding 15 days so far this season and just returned from a 10-day trip where I was riding every day / all day. I previously mentioned that I also left in the hardware for this season, so I thought I'd share some thoughts on what I experienced. What I found is that after a couple days I was starting to get a "hot spot" where the pins are located. The pressure from initiating turns and the shape of the boot was irritating the spot of the injury. I could feel where the pins were and at the end of the day the spot was all red. I ended up buying some of those Dr. Scholls Moleskin Padding strips and they helped a ton. I'd just put one of those pads over the area of the pins / scar and it helped prevent the irritation I was previously getting. I was surprised that the location of the pin heads was about a 1/2 inch away from the scar.
Here is a link to the product in case you want to buy some to try out: Self-Stick Moleskin Plus Padding for Feet | Dr. Scholl's®
They also sell a thicker version with more padding. I tried it out since the store ran out of the one I posted above. It worked just as well, but was definitely bulkier and wasn't needed in my case.
I'll likely get the hardware removed once the season is over.
Good luck!
Thanks again!
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text: Incredibly creepy and very disturbing were only some of the terms to describe what was seen when this former A list television actor and former B list movie actor was seen out with his daughter and wife. At first people thought his daughter was his wife because he kept kissing the top of his daughter's head and holding her from behind with his arms wrapped around her. It was when the daughter started grinding her butt against her dad's crotch that people really freaked out. The wife just looked away.


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Harry Redknapp has offered his support to Sam Allardyce after West Ham's board demanded their manager delivered 'more entertainment' next season.
In a statement released by David Gold and David Sullivan at the end of the season, the Hammers board stated that 'after listening to feedback from supporters, the board have insisted on improvements to the set-up of the playing and backroom staff'.
Redknapp, who played almost 150 games for the club before managing them between1994 and 2001, has been quick to back Allardyce's record.
"I don't think Sam will change his style of football," Redknapp told Standard Sport. "He produced a winning team that stayed in the Premier League for a couple of seasons, and he'll keep them up next year again.
"It's not about always playing fantastic football. It's a fallacy anyway, all this talk of West Ham being the Academy of Football.
"People need to be realistic. What you wish for is not always better than what you've got."
Teddy Sheringham has been appointed as the club's new attacking coach, but while Redknapp praised the former England international's qualities, called on the board to back their manager in the transfer market if they want to see change.
"It's all right telling him you need to play out from the back, play this way – we're all going to pass it, forty passes before we attack – but the next minute the ball's in the back of your net," Redknapp argued.
"If they're going to spend £40-60million and go into the transfer market for a world class player, then I'm sure Sam will be happy to play that way, but he hasn't got that at his disposal – he works with what he's got."
Harry Redknapp was speaking at the launch of www.666bet.com who are offering their first 1966 customers odds of 1966/1 for England to win the World Cup.
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ROOSEVELT SCORES 'OPPOSITION' PARTY; He Assails Absence of 'Constructive Ideas' in Repub lican Legislators.KNIGHT UPHOLDS RECORDHe and McGinnies Cite Cut onIncome Taxes, Gasoline Levy and Aid to Rural Schools. The Governor's statement read: Republicans Defend Record. Point to State Aid to Schools. Says Republicans Had One Standard. Downing Denounces "Fatuity."
Special to The New York Times. ();
March 29, 1929,
, Section , Page 2, Column , words
ALBANY, March 28.--Governor Roosevelt directed a bitter attack on the Legislature as it adjourned today, declaring that the Republican majority had "deliberately assumed the role of the party of opposition" and had displayed "no constructive idea of their own."
March 29, 1929
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LONDON — A man dressed as Batman brought a suspected burglar into a police station in northern England and offered a succinct explanation: "I've caught this one for you."
West Yorkshire Police said Monday that they do not know the identity of the man who appeared in "a full Batman outfit" and turned in a 27-year-old suspect to police in Bradford, England.
CCTV images released by police show a caped crusader — fully-clad with the comic hero's boots, gloves and logo across his chest — standing alongside a man in a red hooded sweatshirt.
"Batman came into the helpdesk, stated to the staff 'I've caught this one for you' and then promptly vanished into the night," a spokesman for the West Yorskshire Police told the Daily Telegraph
"The whole bizarre incident was captured on CCTV. The wanted male, a 27-year-old from the Buttershaw area was detained until the morning when…
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Virgin Australia has denied reports it is planning to move its national headquarters out of Brisbane.
The airline says it is frustrated over negotiations with the Queensland Government to fly to more regional centres.
Many regional routes are controlled and in some cases subsidised by the State Government.
Virgin Australia is currently locked out of those routes but contracts with existing carriers expire in March.
The company says it has been told the State Government has decided not to open up some flight routes through regional Queensland and instead extend exclusive contracts for some airlines.
Deputy Premier Jeff Seeney says he has asked for a meeting with Virgin.
Mr Seeney says it is appropriate that restricted and subsidised routes continue in some remote areas.
"That's the case to the islands off the tip of the Cape and places like that," he said.
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"The decision here is a pretty easy one from our point of view - that flights need to be increased so residents through the region have greater access," he said.


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- 05-26-13 09:36 PM #1Cadillac Owners Master
- Automobile(s): '14 ATS Premium with 3 pedals | Past: '13 ATS Performance & '99 Seville STS
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Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
Cadillac Seville STT, 1999 with 146000 miles on it. I have realized that the car starts to run hot, and even overheat, when I drive the car hard on mountain roads, especially when I have passengers too. The temperature needle plays and goes from 12 to 1, 2, and even close to 3 o'clock position.
The car also loses coolant as well.
Sometime the car idles rough after cold starts, but after 30 seconds it becomes better.
Well, the first thing that comes to mind is HG. So I borrowed the block kit from O'Reilly and ran the test. The pics are below.
The original color:
As a reference point, I held the tester close to exhaust tips of the car, and squeezed the aspirator bulb a few times. The color when the fluid is exposed to exhaust gases is shown below:
Then I took the car to mountain roads and drove it very hard so that the needle passed 2 o'clock position. Returned home, removed the cap, while car wasn't running, and ran the test. The result is below.
Then I refilled the tester with new fluid, started the car, and when the car reached to normal operating temperature, ran the test again for about 3 minutes. The result is below:
My test results are always greenish. The data sheet that comes with the tester kit says that Yellow means there is exhaust gas in cooling systems, whereas blue or green says no gas.
My results are greenish. Is this genitive or positive?
And by the way, the purge line is not blocked and there is a steady flow of coolant.
Thanks in advance
The fluid reacts to hydrocarbons. ANY change in color is a positive result. Sorry to be the bearer of bad news.
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
I used to think that any discoloration of fluid means Positive! But the datasheet says something a little bit different, which confuses me:
Like the paper says, it reacts to combustion gasses in the cooling system. There will be NO gasses in the cooling system unless there is an HG breach. Not sure why it's written that way, unless they're referring to variation in initial color? Put some coolant in a glass, and test it. It won't change color.
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
When you add all the symptoms to the block test above, it leaves little doubt as to what the problem is. She's done.
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
That sucks..
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
sorry Ben - I agree with MC -
ANY color change is a positive reaction -
the degree of color change depends on the amount or saturation
of hydrocarbons suspended in the coolant -
and sucked through the blue fluid - it illustrates the severity of breech -
here is an interesting fact - if you take the fluid that has changed colors -
and leave it in a wide-mouth open container -
it will revert back to the original blue color -
as the suspended hydrocarbons dissipate from the fluid -
so - what kind of new/used car are you going to be looking for?
- 05-27-13 01:53 PM #8Cadillac Owners Member
- Automobile(s): 02 Seville STS
- Join Date
- May 2013
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- 32
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Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
The fluid is clearly blue to start.. why would they say blue OR green is normal? There must be a reason for that.. That fluid clearly looks blue/green and not yellow.. Could there be some other reason for that?
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
Could there be some other reason for that?
sadly - in Ben's case - NO -
this is the reason that the BLOCK TEST is the DEFINITIVE test
for failed head gaskets in the Northstar motor -
the test simply can't give wrong results - "false positives"
like I stated -
the amount of color change is directly related
to the concentration of hydrocarbons in the cooling system -
in the beginning stages - with only a slight leak of exhaust gasses -
the concentration of hydrocarbons is low -
so you would expect only a slight color change -
as the problem progresses -
and more exhaust gasses are introduced to the cooling system -
there will be a higher concentration of hydrocarbons -
so you will get a more dramatic color change -
the bottom line is this -
the blue fluid ONLY reacts to exhaust gasses - hydrocarbons -
there should NEVER be ANY exhaust gasses
present in the cooling system -
in a Northstar motor -
the ONLY way to get hydrocarbons into the cooling system -
is through failed head gaskets -
so - ANY reaction - color change - in the blue fluid -
is a result of exhaust gasses in the cooling system -
and the ONLY thing that causes that is failed head gaskets -
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
Thanks guys for your posts!
Truth be told, I am not very upset about the incident because this is a 14 year old aluminum engine with 146XXX miles on it! Eventually any HG fails, including mine.... So no hard feeling here.... This car owes me nothing! And if I were in the mainland, where there are Northstar shops that do the HG job for around 2k, I might have had the job done, and will keep the car as a second backup car; this is a really nice solid car. But in Hawaii that is not an option! So it makes the process of making a decision very easy!
I initially started to look for toy cars, then realized that my STS is getting old and things might happen and it is a better idea to buy a car that can be used as a daily driver as well. Right now I am looking at CTS-Vs (V1), Audi A4s (B8 Quattro), and Audi A5s. Tomorrow noon I am flying to the mainland to see a few old friends, and also look at a few cars. Who knows, I may buy one!
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
This is a link to a new thread that describrs the destiny of my poor STS, and presents the new car that I got to replace her!
- 06-23-13 12:24 PM #12Cadillac Owners Connoisseur
- Automobile(s): 03 STS
- Join Date
- Aug 2007
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Not that a 99 is ancient but people do move on eventually. A 99 with bad heads is worth 1k. Not sure what a good one sells for in Hawaii? So the repair is 2200 in Cali but 2x in Hawaii? So be it.
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?
Important update for people that want to run the block test :
I was texting with the new owner of my STS. He told me that a coolant flush, a new thermostat, and new coil pack solved the overheating problem and the rough idle! I haven't seen the car, nor examined it, my information is solely based on his text. So it seems that the car did NOT have blown headgasket! That implies that blue green means negative result, as the datasheet of the test kit indicates!
Do a block test on a fresh bottle of coolant, it won't change color at all...
Re: Block test results with pics, Positive or Negative?


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Induro has announced the new LFB75S Dual Range (DR) Hi-Hat TableTop Tripod Set. Just like its slightly bigger brother, the new LFB75S was designed with both photographers and videographers in mind. This unique support system provides a range of capabilities that makes this tripod compatible with the requirements of still cameras as well as video platforms. Supporting up to a 165lb load, the new DR Hi-Hat Tabletop Tripod Set consists of both a short Aluminum Alloy tripod with 75mm Bowl, and a 75mm Half Ball Adapter.
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SATURDAY, FEB. 24, 7:30 PMWHAT? It's time to celebrate! Come and share one of the most exciting evenings of my life... the Through a Screen Darkly book release party. … [Read more...]
Archives for January 9, 2007
Join us for the "Through a Screen Darkly" release party.
Jonathan Mardukas in the House
This photo of my cat, Mardukas, is featured as the "Pet Photo of the Week" in Seattle Pacific University's faculty/staff newsletter this week. And the fact of the matter is, quite simply, that he is the most handsome cat on the planet.He looks like a black cat, but he isn't — he has white fur that is tipped with black. I named him after Jonathan Mardukas, a white-collar criminal played by Charles Grodin in the film Midnight Run. … [Read more...]
Cuaron on "Children of Men" and Christian Themes
Thanks to Steven Greydanus for catching this revealing admission from Alfonso Cuarón regarding Children of Men: Filmmaker: Was there a script already written when you came on?Cuarón: There was a script and I read the beginning of it and didn't like it. I wasn't interested in making a science fiction film and secondly I wasn't interested in the environment that the book takes place, all this upper class drama. For me it was more important to explore the thematics that are shaping our contemp … [Read more...]