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Before you run and pick up your iPhone to download the endodontic diagnosis app, I must clarify that the app I am referring to is the "application," in the true sense of the word for endodontic diagnosis!
I graduated from dental school with a "tooth mechanic" mentality. Then, for the better part of 25 years since dental school, I have been developing an "oral physician" thought process when it comes to practicing dentistry, and specifically with regard to endodontic diagnosis. Early in my dental career as a tooth mechanic, I would make an endodontic diagnosis by primarily accessing the limited information that was acquired through patients' subjective perspectives of their dental problem (chief complaint) and a dental radiograph. I would have little consideration of the patients' systemic involvement in their oral health, or in understanding the importance of performing other objective endodontic tests. In thinking like an oral physician, one must understand that oral conditions can affect the systemic health of a patient as well as the systemic health directly or indirectly affecting an individual's oral health. With the mindset of an oral physician, I now take a much broader perspective in developing the proper endodontic diagnosis. This is done by acquiring more information from accessing patients' medical and dental histories and understanding the their chief complaint in conjunction with performing specific objective endodontic clinical tests.
My methodology of initiating endodontic diagnosis is similar to the television game show Jeopardy! The Jeopardy! contestant is given the answer, and he or she must provide the question. The patient's chief complaint is the answer, and my questions are: What are the etiology, diagnosis, and subsequent endodontic treatment (if applicable)? The patient's answer is subjective (such as "my tooth hurts to bite on"), and the clinician's question is objective, using the correct clinical diagnostic procedures (such as testing the tooth or teeth in question to percussion, along with 4 other endodontic objective tests). Incorporating the data from these objective tests in conjunction with any pertinent information from the patient's medical and dental history, one can properly determine if the diagnosis is of endodontic origin and requires endodontic treatment.
In order to better understand this endodontic diagnosis app, I have a presented 2 virtual clinical case scenarios below. They are written as if these patients are being seen by virtual dentists in their clinical operatory. I have added didactic commentary to these virtual patients' work-up by the virtual dentists in order to help highlight important points and to further enhance your own clinical endodontic diagnostic skills.
Odontogenic Diagnosis
A 30-year-old virtual female patient presents to the virtual dentist with a medical history filled out. This patient is reporting no history of rheumatic fever and associated heart murmur, bleeding disorders, diabetes, hepatitis, AIDS, or other significant diseases or allergies to medications.
Commentary: It is important for you to specifically review the above stated symptoms and diseases with the patient, even if she has given a negative response on the medical form. Patients may think that they do not need to inform the dentist about any relevant medical history because, in their mind, they are just being seen for a "tooth problem." The medical history of heart murmur, bleeding disorders, diabetes, hepatitis, and AIDS can have a direct or indirect effect on the oral health of this patient and, of course, subsequently on your actual treatment plan. It is also important when obtaining the health history information that the dentist take the patient's blood pressure (Figure 1) and pulse; especially on any new patients, or patients with a history of high blood pressure.
Our virtual patient presents with a dental history of previous minor restorative treatment and a chief complaint of, "My lower right tooth hurts to cold." The dentist proceeds to do a clinical exam and discovers caries on tooth No. 29. A periapical radiograph of tooth No. 29 (Figure 2) is taken. The caries on tooth No. 29 leads to the diagnosis that this tooth is the etiology of the patient's chief complaint. The dentist's treatment plan is to remove the caries and to place a filling if the pulp is not exposed, or the addition of endodontic treatment if pulp is exposed during treatment.
|Figure 1. Wrist sphygmomanometer.
|Figure 2. Perapical radiograph of tooth No. 29.
|Figure 3. Endo Cool Spray (Henry Schein) should be used to test teeth for cold sensitivity.
|Figure 4. Electric Pulp Tester (SybronEndo).
Commentary: Although the caries on tooth No. 29 is in need of dental treatment, tooth mechanic mentality comes into play as the dentist is immediately drawn to the caries as the etiology of the patient's pain. Dental school has thought us well to treat caries as seriously as a heart attack. Although dental caries has one of the slower disease onsets in the human body, we are trained that the caries must be removed immediately without any further odontogenic diagnostic evaluation. Interestingly, we have also been "trained" since leaving our dental school education that the dental radiograph is all we need to make a complete diagnosis!
Understanding that there are 4 additional objective endodontic clinical tests (5 in total) that, in conjunction with dental radiographs, need to be performed in order to properly diagnose this patient, the virtual dentist continues the examination on this virtual patient. These additional tests include: (1) application of cold (Figure 3), electric pulp testing (EPT) (Figure 4), and application of heat (Figure 5). If the tooth does not respond to cold or EPT, and it tests positive for pulp vitality, then; (2) percussion tests for the status of the periodontal ligament (note that this may include bite testing); (3) palpation of the gingival tissue and cortical and medullary bone for infection and inflammation; and (4) periodontal examination, to include probing and tooth mobility.
Along with the current periapical radiograph, it may be necessary to take multiple-angle periapical films, bite-wing radiographs, and cone beam tomography, if indicated.
The dentist further examines the virtual patient using the additional 4 objective tests. Cold is placed on teeth Nos. 28, 29, and 30: tooth No. 28 tests normal (cold dissipates within a few seconds); tooth No. 29 does not respond to cold test, EPT, and heat test; and tooth No. 30 elicits a lingering response to cold test beyond 5 seconds (reproducing the patient's chief complaint). Percussion test, palpation test, periodontal examinations are within normal limits on teeth Nos. 28, 29, and 30.
|Figure 5. Either a System B (SybronEndo) or a Touch'n Heat (SybronEndo) unit can be used to test teeth for heat sensitivity.
|Figure 6. A sample of an endodontic diagnostic work-up form.
|Figure 7. Periapical radiograph of tooth No. 22.
Commentary: It is important to note that all objective testing results must be written down, not just committed to memory (Figure 6). After reviewing all the test data from the 5 objective clinical endodontic tests, the dentist determines that tooth No. 30 has an irreversible pulpitis (as determined by lingering cold beyond 5 seconds) and tooth No. 29 is necrotic. The treatment plan is to first complete endodontic treatment on tooth No. 30 in order to eliminate the patient's pain. Note: A periapical radiograph of tooth No. 30 along with a bite-wing should be taken prior to any endodontic treatment on tooth No. 30. Then, the dentist can restore No. 30, or perform endodontic treatment on tooth No. 29, along with the caries removal, since it is testing necrotic and restore separately or injunction with tooth No. 30. If the above 5 objective endodontic tests were not completed on this patient, the wrong tooth (No. 29) would have been endodontically treated and the patient's chief complaint would not have been properly diagnosed.
Pulpal Diagnosis
Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to stimuli by sending nerve signals to the brain. This stimulus can cause the perception of pain in an individual. The pulpal nerve fibers, A-Delta and C-Fibers, are nociceptors.1,2
Basic inflammatory pulp diagnosis is reversible, or irreversible, pulpitis. Reversible pulpitis is pain from an inflamed pulp that can be treated without the removal of the pulp tissue. It should be noted that this is not a disease, but a symptom. The classic clinical symptom is a sharp, quick pain that subsides as soon as stimulus is removed. Physiologically, it is the A-Delta fibers that are firing, not the C-Fibers of the pulp.3 A-Deltas fibers are the myelinated, low threshold, sharp/pricking pain nerve fibers that reside principally in the pulp-dentin junction. They are stimulated by cold and EPT and cannot survive in a hypoxic environment. Reversible pulpitis does not involve unprovoked (spontaneous) response.
Irreversible pulpitis is an inflamed pulp that cannot be treated except by the removal of the pulp tissue. Classic clinical symptoms are lingering of cold/hot stimulus greater than 5 seconds and/or patient reports of spontaneous tooth pain. Physiologically, it can be the A-Delta fibers and/or the C-Fibers firing neural impulses. C-Fibers are the unmyelinated, high threshold, aching pain nerve fibers. They are distributed throughout the pulp. They are stimulated by heat and can survive in a hypoxic environment.
Pulpal necrosis can result from an untreated irreversible pulpitis or immediately after a traumatic injury that disrupts the vascular system of the pulp. A necrotic pulp does not respond to cold tests, EPT, or heat tests.
It is important to note that heat and cold tests do not jeopardize the health of the pulp.4 Also, teeth with porcelain or metal crowns do conduct temperature and can therefore be tested for pulpal vitality with cold or hot. There is often confusion on what the numerical readings on an electric pulp tester represent. Although EPT can establish pulp vitality, the numerical readings cannot be used to determine the overall health of the pulp.5 An example of this is as follows: if tooth No. 8 has an EPT reading of 12, and tooth No. 9 has an EPT of 24; tooth No. 8 pulp status is not considered twice as healthy as No. 9. When using an EPT, be aware that teeth with metal restorations can give false positive or negative readings.
Nonodontogenic Diagnosis
A 65-year-old virtual male patient presents to the virtual dentist with a medical history filled out reporting no history of rheumatic fever and associated heart murmur, bleeding disorders, diabetes, hepatitis, or other significant diseases or allergies to medications. When the dentist reviews the health history form with him, the patient states that he has not been seen by a physician in more than 5 years. Patient presents with a dental history of previous restorative and endodontic treatment and a chief complaint of "my lower left eye tooth hurts."
The dentist then proceeds to do a clinical oral exam. Understanding that the 5 objective endodontic clinical tests need to be performed before formulating a diagnosis (as learned from the previous case!), the virtual dentist performs these on teeth Nos. 21 to 23. All teeth test within normal limits to cold, EPT, percussion, palpation, mobility, and periodontal probings. A periapical radiograph of tooth No. 22 is taken (Figure 7), and a small previously placed restoration on tooth No. 21 is noted, but there is no evidence of periodontal disease on teeth Nos. 21 to 23.
Commentary: Although all the teeth tested are within normal limits, and the patient continues to insist that tooth No. 22 is the cause of his jaw pain, the dentist must heed (not override) the objective clinical finding(s) and initiate endodontic treatment on tooth No. 22. At this point the dentist should go back and retest the tooth (or teeth) in question (using the 5 diagnostic tests) to confirm that there is no further stimulation of the patient's chief complaint. One should recognize that it is not uncommon to test the tooth (or teeth) in question 3 different times during the same patient appointment to properly ensure against any testing inaccuracies.
The retesting by our virtual dentist also demonstrates results that teeth Nos. 21 to 23 are within normal limits to the 5 objective tests. The conundrum of the diagnosis is not clear, but the patient does describe toothlike pain and, therefore, the etiology must be tooth No. 22. As a result, the virtual dentist makes the diagnosis of pulpitis and explains to the patient that a root canal treatment needs to be performed on tooth No. 22, without any consideration that there is no decay or previous restorative treatment.
Commentary: This total disregard of a tooth (or teeth) testing within normal limits to the objective clinical exam, in favor of creating a diagnosis and treating from the subjective findings, is not uncommon. After all, if you were trained as a tooth mechanic, as I had been, any pain in the mouth has a very high percentage of being tooth-related.
Whenever the objective diagnostic tests either do not correlate with the subjective patient symptoms or are within normal limits, you must take a mental step back to re-evaluate the etiology and diagnosis. In this case, with the objective tests being normal, it is important to start considering nonodontogenic sources of pain. In this case, if you asked this patient what causes the pain, he would state that it is in the lower left jaw; and the tooth hurts when he walks up the stairs, or when engaging in any moderately strenuous physical activity. It is with this knowledge that the clinician must be thinking of a possible cardiac etiology.
Sandler et al6 reported that conditions of cardiac induced jaw pain show approximately 10% of cases refer pain to the mandible. This virtual patient needs to be referred to a cardiologist for a work up. Note that if the root canal was initiated on tooth No. 22, not only would this endodontic treatment not resolve the patient's chief complaint; this patient would be in serious health risk of a possible heart attack or cardiac arrest.
Heterotopic pain or secondary pain are symptoms that are perceived to originate from a site that is different from the actually the source of the pain.7 That is why from an endodontic diagnostic prospective, when teeth test within normal limits to the 5 objective tests, the clinician must begin to understand that the source of the pain may be different from the site of the pain.
In the 2 virtual case studies presented, the first case clearly demonstrated that the site and source of the pain was the same. The objective tests correlated with the patient's chief complaint of cold sensitivity on the tooth and thus an odontogenic irreversible pulpitis diagnosis was correctly made. In the second case scenario, the patient's chief complaint of tooth pain in the lower left mandible region did not correlate with the objective endodontic testing performed. The site of the pain was tooth No. 22, but the source of the pain was cardiac. Unfortunately, the latter case study is the reason many unnecessary dental treatments are performed with no resolution of a patient's subjective preoperative symptoms.
It is important to note that there are many nonodontogenic pain symptoms that mimic endodontic-type symptoms.7 If a patient subjective description of pain is "tingling," "electriclike," "burning," or "hurts on both sides of my face," the etiology may be nonodontogenic of origin.
The gray areas of diagnosis appear when there are inconsistencies between a patient's subjective description and clinician's objective diagnostic tests. If a clinician feels the diagnosis is odontogenic, but cannot localize the etiology, he or she should consider prescribing medication(s) to help localize the symptoms or refer the patient to a dental specialist for further evaluation.
Prescribing anti-inflammatory or antibiotic medications and then having the patient back for re-evaluation can sometimes help in achieving a definitive diagnosis. The difficulty with this is that some dentists believe that, unless a high-speed drill is involved, simply prescribing medication is not really "treating" the patient. Yet, in the field of medicine, if physicians prescribe medicine(s), they are treating their patient properly. A clinician who renders treatment, without identifying etiology, is more likely to have a patient quickly lose confidence; this may be due to treatment that does not relieve any symptoms. A dentist should never feel defeated (or any less of a practitioner) if a patient referral needs to be made to an endodontist. The patient will respect and appreciate a dentist who knows his or her clinical limits on a particular case.
The use of selective anesthesia can also assist in reaching a diagnosis. Although there are exceptions, if local anesthesia dissipates the patient's pain, the etiology is generally odontogenic. If local anesthesia is not effective in eliminating pain, the etiology is usually nonodontogenic. When a dentist implements selective anesthesia as a part of the diagnostic procedures, it should be the last test performed. This is because the tooth (or teeth) involved will not be able to be further tested for sensitivity at this appointment.
Another helpful aid in diagnosis is to have the patient keep a short daily diary. Patients often describe pain in generalities. It is not until they are asked to make notes of specific incidences of pain that they can better communicate to the dentist. Examples that I have seen in patients' diaries include the patients describing pain waking them up at night (spontaneous, diagnosis: irreversible pulpitis), or in the morning when they have their coffee (C-Fibers stimulation, diagnosis: irreversible pulpitis) but is quickly relieved when they have their cold orange juice. The patient is usually requested to keep such a diary for a week.
If, after a thorough review of diagnostic tests, the dentist feels that the etiology is nonodontogenic, the dentist should refer the patient to a physician (usually a neurologist) or a dental specialist (oral surgeon or maxiofacial pain specialist) for further evaluation and possible treatment.
Developing the clinical app for proper endodontic diagnosis requires a dentist to think like an oral physician. This type of thinking requires the clinician to diagnosis from a broader base of information. An endodontic diagnosis cannot be formulated by the subjective patient's description (chief complaint) and a dental radiograph alone. The information from the medical and dental history (that includes taking and recording the patient's blood pressure and pulse), along with 5 odontogenic objective tests: pulp testing, percussion (may include bite testing), palpation, periodontal probing/tooth mobility, and radiographic examinations, are paramount.
When a dentist evaluates the data from these 5 objective tests, along with the medical and dental history in conjunction with the patient's chief complaint, the site of the pain must correlate with the source of the pain. If there are inconsistencies with the site and/or source correlation of pain, one must not proceed with dental treatment in any way. The dentist must re-evaluate the testing data and consider the possibility of nonodontogenic origin of pain. When dealing with nonodontogenic pain, the patient will often subjectively state that the pain is coming from a specific tooth (or teeth), but the tooth (or teeth) in question will test within normal limits to the 5 objective endodontic tests.
Lastly, if a dentist has difficulty in deriving a definitive odontogenic or nonodontogenic diagnosis, he or she should feel comfortable referring the patient to an endodontist, oral surgeon, or a maxillofacial pain specialist for further patient evaluation.
- Loeser JD, Treede RD. The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology. Pain. 2008;3:473-477.
- Mattscheck D, Law AS, Nixdorf DR. Diagnosis of nonodontogenic toothache. In: Hargreaves KM, Cohen S, Berman LH, eds. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp. 10th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2011:52.
- Kim S. Neurovascular interactions in the dental pulp in health and inflammation. J Endod. 1990;16:48-53.
- Rickoff B, Trowbridge H, Baker J, et al. Effects of thermal vitality tests on human dental pulp. J Endod. 1988;14:482-485.
- Lado EA, Richmond AF, Marks RG. Reliability and validity of a digital pulp tester as a test standard for measuring sensory perception. J Endod. 1988;14:352-356.
- Sandler NA, Ziccardi V, Ochs M. Differential diagnosis of jaw pain in the elderly. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:1263-1272.
- Okeson JP, ed. Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing; 1996:8,69.
Disclosure: Dr. Bahcall reports no disclosures.


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Artists + Community Symposium
March 8, 2012, March 9, 2012
The Artists + Community Symposium will take place March 8 and 9 at the Fort Garry Hotel, Spa and Conference Centre (222 Broadway, Winnipeg). It will be an inspiring two day symposium for artists of all disciplines and community members of all backgrounds to explore what can happen when artists + communities work together!
Who should attend? Artists of all disciplines, community activists and developers, program coordinators and directors, and community members.
March 8, 2012
Keynote Speaker: Rick Lowe - "Art in the Social Sphere"
7:30-9:30pm; Free and open to the public
Fort Garry Hotel, Spa and Conference Centre (222 Broadway, Winnipeg)
Presented by the Winnipeg Arts Council
Rick Lowe is an artist who resides in Houston, Texas, whose work seeks to be a catalyst for the transformation of communities. He sees his work as the facilitation of collective expression. Mr. Lowe designs collective actions where the participants are the content, form, and material of his work. The scope of his work ranges from long term projects such as Project Row Houses in Houston, Texas to Small Business/Big Change in Anyang, Korea. Lowe's lecture titled "Art in the Social Sphere" will chronicle nearly 20 years of his community based, socially engaged work.
March 9, 2012
A full day of activities including moderated panel presentations and workshops, keynote speaker, facilitated roundtable discussions and closing sharing circle.
Artists + Community: 'Un/Defining the Practice' - Leah Decter
Artists + Community: Keynote Speaker - Zach Kunuk
Artists + Community: Stories + Best Practices - panel Jana Mckee, Jeff Nachtigall and Columpa Bobb; moderator Rick Lowe
Artists + Community: Identifying Practical Tools + Skills - facilitated roundtable discussion
9am-2:30pm; ACI members $35; all others $55
Fort Garry Hotel, Spa and Conference Centre (222 Broadway, Winnipeg)
For more information or to register, contact Lisa at 927-2787 or email@example.com.
Rick Lowe
Rick Lowe is an artist who resides in Houston, Texas. His formal training is in the visual arts. Over the past twenty years he has worked both inside and outside of art world institutions by participating in exhibitions, and developing community based art projects.
In 1993, Rick founded Project Row Houses, an arts and cultural community located in a historically significant and culturally charged neighborhood in Houston, Texas. In 1997, Rick and Project Row Houses were awarded a silver medal by the Rudy Bruner Awards in Urban Excellence.
Rick has worked as guest artist on a number of community projects nationally. From 2001-2002, he worked in collaboration with arts consultant Jessica Cusick on the Arts Plan for Rem Koolhaus designed Seattle Public Library. Rick worked with California based artists Suzanne Lacy and curator Mary Jane Jacobs on the Borough Project for Spoleto Festival 2003, in Charleston, SC and was lead artist on the Delray Beach Cultural Loop, Delray Beach, Florida. In 2005, he worked with the British architect, David Adjaye, on a project for the Seattle Art Museum in their new Olympic Sculpture Park. In 2006, he spearheaded Transforma Projects in New Orleans, a collaborative effort to engage artists and creativity in the rebuilding of the City after hurricane Katrina. From 2008- 2009 Rick worked with Wendy Ewald and students at Amherst College to develop the Exchange/Value project. In 2010, Rick developed "Small Business/Big Change" for the Anyang Public Art Program, in Anyang, Korea.
For more on Project Row Houses:
Zach Kunuk
Zacharias Kunuk (b. 1957, Kapuivik near Igloolik) won the Camera d'Or at Cannes 2001 for Isuma's first feature, Atanarjuat The Fast Runner. He is president and co-founder in 1990 of Igloolik Isuma Productions, Canada's first Inuit-owned independent production company. In 1981, Kunuk sold three sculptures in Montreal and brought home the Arctic's first home video camera. Kunuk's credits include the short dramas Qaggiq (Gathering Place, 1989), Nunaqpa (Going Inland, 1991) Saputi (Fish Traps, 1993) and documentaries Nipi (Voice, 1999), Nanugiurutiga (My First Polar Bear, 2001) and Kunuk Family Reunion (2004); as well as Isuma's 13-part TV series Nunavut (Our Land, 1995), broadcast on Bravo! and exhibited at Dokumenta 11 in 2002. Having completed the documentary Kiviaq versus Canada, Kunuk is shooting his latest documentary Exile. Kunuk is the winner of the National Arts Award, National Aboriginal Achievement Award and in 2005 was awarded the Order of Canada.
Leah Decter
Leah Decter is Winnipeg based inter-media artist whose work integrates video and other digital media, textiles, performance and dialogic/social practice.
She has exhibited widely in Canada and internationally in the US, UK, The Netherlands, Germany and Malta. Her work has been supported through numerous awards and is held in the collection of the Winnipeg Art Gallery as well as private collections in Canada, US and UK. Decter's social practice has included large-scale collaborative public art and intervention projects in Vancouver, Toronto and Winnipeg. She holds an MFA in New Media from Berlin-based Transart Institute.
Columpa Bobb
Columpa Bobb is the great grand daughter of Chief Dan George who was chief of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation. She has been active in many different art disciplines including acting, photography and writing poetry and plays.
Inspired by Aboriginal actor Tantoo Cardinal and her artistic parents, Bobb began attending theatre school at 16, and has been fully immersed in the arts ever since. Many of her plays have been produced all across Canada. She has been nominated for the Dora Mavor Moore Award and the James Buller Award. In 1997 she won a Jessie Richardson Theatre Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role for her work in Firehall Theatre's production of Drew Hayden Taylor's Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth.
She is currently the Program Director and instructor, teaching classes for the Aboriginal Arts Training & Mentorship Program at the Manitoba Theatre for Young People in Winnipeg, Manitoba where she resides. The program serves about 325 students per year and is free of charge to all participants.
Jana McKee
Jana Mckee has been involved in Community Development (CD) and Education for the past 10 years, both in a paid and voluntary capacity, as a facilitator and as a participant. She began her journey five years ago in New Zealand in the province of Taranaki. It was there Jana first learned and experienced the sustainable impact working from a CD lens when working with middle to low income communities. The last five years Jana has been practicing Community Development within the education system in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She is currently completing a thesis exploring the collaborative relationship between Community Development and Education.
Jeff Nachtigall
Jeff Nachtigall earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts at the University of Regina in 1993. As a painter, printmaker and sculpture, his work has been widely exhibited throughout North America, and is represented in a number of private and public collections. He has participated in a number of residencies across Canada and regularly lectures and facilitates workshops at post secondary institutions in Canada and the United States.
In 2006 Nachtigall developed an Open Studio model for healthcare. The Open Studio is based on the philosophy that we are all born artists and that art is our first language. This visual language transcends barriers and has the ability to bring people with diverse backgrounds together, and act as a vehicle for change, healing and hope.
In 2011 Nachtigall co-founded Make Work Projects, a 2000 sq ft. storefront studio and sometimes art project space located in the Riversdale district in downtown Saskatoon. He is a passionate speaker and has received international acclaim, recently delivering a TEDx Talk in 2011.

subset: commoncrawl


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First build disaster!
Yesterday I start my first rebuild, 355 sbc. Everything was going good till it started to make a detonation sound regardless of timing. The temp gauge said 210 but the engine was so hot I couldn't even touch it. It started to puff white smoke out of the right side exhaust pipe. Today I pulled the head an found water in number 7. There is also oil on the runner side of all the intake valves....how do I know I installed the valve seals right? Please help!
Water in cylinder has nothing to do with valve seals...What does the head gasket and intake gasket look like?
sounds like you have a crack
Intake gasket looks good, head gasket is hard to tell because it's a steel shim felpro. However during assembly I forgot something and had to take the head off after I had torqued it. After it was all said and done I second guessed myself because the head gasket had been crushed already.
Bolts need to be lubricated and in the case of the Chevy sealed. The OEM torque values are for a motor oil lubricated threads and bottom of the head. The Chevy needs a sealant as well which is a place where plumber's Teflon pipe thread sealant satisfies all these requirements.
I used new ARP bolts with permatex sealer and oil under the heads. I used those head gaskets because it gave me a quench of .035 which is pretty close to perfect. I don't know of any other head gaskets that would give me proper quench.
I used the copper spray... I ordered another one and will install it as long as nothing's warped! But I still don't know why the engine got so hot. Couldn't even touch the valve covers.
i dont know what you have this 355 in but if its a custom set up and the rad cap isnt the highest point of the cooling system you'll get air trapped in the intake and youll have to but a bleed valve in the thermostat housing and force you coolant in to the rad once you have it topped off. i use a old 2 lieter bottle
It started over flowing out the radiator so I put the cap on....it sucked a lot out of the over flow bottle. I really thought it was an air pocket like you said, but I didn't know how to figure out if it was an air pocket or not.
put a secound temp sensor in the intake or thermostat houseing,, if your temps vary you probally have a air pocket.....you need to leave the cap off untill its up to operateing temp and the thermostat opens... it will just about empty the rad when it opens
Okay right now I'm just really hoping nothing is warped!!
you running cast or alum heads? if there cast your probally fine,,, if u have alum heads on a cast block you need to put a straight edge across the head and see if everything looks kosher. cast and alum disapate heat at different rates and it makes it faily easy to warp alum heads on a cast block. also, make sure you have antifreeze in the motor even cranking for break in becasue antifreeze brings down the boiling point of your coolant
Cast heads!! And I'll be sure to put coolant in and not just water....do you think a 195 thermostat is okay? Thank you very much!
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August 25th, 2008, 10:02 AM
Hi and welcome! I'm thrilled to participate in Coffee Time Romance's big September Event since I'm counting down to the release of PRIMAL OBSESION, my first single title romantic suspense, in December. As part of the September celebration (sending the kids back to school, for one), I'll share the experience that led to one scene in PRIMAL OBSESSION. You'll be invited to share your own Mother Nature disasters. Two lucky participants will receive copies of the e-book when it's released.
See you then!
See you then!


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Compare OT-808 black Deals
Alcatel bring a unique offering to the market in the form of the OT-808. Moving away from conventional mobile phone style the smartphone is a flip phone that looks more like a netbook. The flip mechanism opens to reveal a full QWERTY keypad and the handset, when closed and turned 45 degrees to form a diamond shape, features an external display that shows the time, messages and incoming call details.
The OT-808 includes social network integration and the Opera Mini WAP browser supports xHTML and HTML for a natural browsing experience. Web pages display clearly on the 2.4 inch QVGA screen with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels.
Entertainment on the move is catered for with the FM Radio, music player that supports all popular formats and the 3.5mm audio jack allows you to use your favourite headphones.
The 2 megapixel camera is great for taking snaps when out and about and you can share the results with friends via Bluetooth. The camera can also record video clips and the internal memory can be boosted with a MicroSD card up to 8GB to let you keep all your captured moments with you.
The handset is dual-band for international roaming and the battery is rated for up to 9 hours of talktime, 450 hours of standby and up to 35 hours of music playback. The phone measures 70.6 x 70.6 x 20.7mm and weighs 113g.
With its unusual form the OT-808 is a great basic smartphone that stands out from the crowd.
- Bluetooth
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- EDGE for high speed data access
- Flip phone
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- Memory expandable via MicroSD card
- Micro USB
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- T9 Predictive Text
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- Video recorder
- Visual radio
- Voice memo


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10% discount - when you stay at Diana Park Hotel for 3 or more nights
10% discount when you book on-line directly from this official website the day before or the same day of your arrival.
Trip to the Chianti area
Since Etruscan times, Chianti has been a viticulture area. In addition to cellars and farms where you can taste some of the finest Italian wines, when you visit Chianti you will meet an infinite number of ancient abbeys, castles and characteristic villages; an ideal route to discover all the richness of Florence and Tuscany's culture and traditions.


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1st again
You can change out the hammer spring on a PP or PPK/S and reduce the DA pull some Factory spring is 20lbs. I use a 16lb in my PPK/S's I have test fired and have not had a problem with either ball or hp different brands.
Springs can be bought at Wolff springs.


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Rafting in Georgia
Whitewater rafting in Georgia offers some of the most enjoyable rapids in the Southeast. Northern Georgia's mountainous terrain is superb water sports country, offering a broad selection of rivers that enthrall novices and experts alike. There, for instance, is the Chattooga River, whose fabled white water divides Georgia from South Carolina.
White water Rafting in Georgia on the Chattahoochee River
Another notable attraction for whitewater rafting in Georgia is the Chattahoochee. Like the Chestatee, the Chattahoochee River starts by running to Lake Sidney Lanier near the northern mountains. But then the Chattahoochee gathers strength and widens into a major artery, heading first for Atlanta, and then bordering Alabama on its way southward to cross into Florida on its way to the Gulf of Mexico. Upstream of Atlanta, the Chattahoochee provides some enjoyable woodland flat water rafting, followed by several miles of floating past several miles of Atlanta's finest suburban homes.
Experienced Guides will add to the Enjoyment of Whitewater Rafting in Georgia
Outfitters are available to arrange whitewater rafting in Georgia for half day to one and half day trips. Among the wildlife to be seen along the way while whitewater rafting in Georgia are deer, beavers, turtles, wood ducks, snakes, raccoons and the occasional bear. Fishing is for small and large mouth bass, trout, perch, crappie, bream, red eye bass and catfish.
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Wildwater, LTD.
CategoriesChattooga River Nantahala River Ocoee River Pigeon River State Georgia State North Carolina State South Carolina State Tennessee
Nantahala Outdoor Center
CategoriesChattooga River French Broad River Nantahala River Nolichucky River Ocoee River Pigeon River State Georgia State North Carolina State South Carolina State Tennessee
South East Featured Whitewater Rafting Outfitter
About Class VI River Runners
Class VI provides the best in family adventure, New River and Gauley River rafting and all inclusive vacation packages in West Virginia's, New River Gorge area. Located on the rim of the New River Gorge, overlooking the New River Gorge Bridge and the last rapid on the river, Class VI has been providing guests with quality experiences for more than 29 years.
Explore our website to see, hear and taste the difference in our vacation opportunities Rivers and outfitters are not all created equal. Learn why our whitewater rafting trips, cater to the person or group who is looking for quality trips.
Class VI is the only in West Virginia which offers an assortment of cabins, lodging and dining choices serving delicious meals from our restaurants, Smokey's On the Gorge and Chetty's Pub.
For the value minded guest, our spring, summer and fall specials, and custom packages provide world class accommodations at friendly prices. Request our brochure and DVD to help you find the adventure vacation suited for your group or watch our video on-line to learn more. Once you have decided which whitewater rafting trip is best for you're your family or friends, you can make a reservation or payment using our certified secure server. If you can't find the information you need, visit our online help section to chat directly with one of our reservation staff, or give our reservation specialist a call; (866) 658-5333.
Class VI River Runners has been running whitewater rafting trips in West Virginia since 1978. We offer a variety of New River and Gauley River rafting trips for 6 to 86 on mild to wild sections of the New River and Gauley River. Whether you are a first timer or a veteran, Class VI has the right trip for you. Class VI is only rafting company that guarantees satisfaction. If you have a problem we will work with you until you are satisfied because we want you to come back!
New River Rafting Trips
The New River Gorge National River, which was created in 1978, is the Grand Canyon of the East. This thousand foot deep deciduous forest canyon was protected for its beauty, culture and history and the best whitewater rafting in the East.
New River Rafting Trips
Family River Rafting Trips
The upper sections of the gorge is perfect for families, with children as young as 6 years thanks to the warm water, long pools and gentle rapids. Using our two-person inflatable kayak (duckies) allows the older members a more challenging trip while the younger or older members ride in our rafts. This is a great place to start you vacation.
Family River Rafting Trips
Lower New Sunset Trips
For those who would like to drive in the morning of the trip, eat lunch at Chetty's Pub, raft the Lower New in the afternoon and enjoy a delicious dinner on the canyon rim as you watch the sunset, this is the trip for you.
Lower New River Sunset Trips
Gauley River Rafting Trips
The Gauley is known as one of the top 10 rivers in the world. If you liked the New River, the Lower Gauley is the next logical trip to take, with rapids similar in size, but a little closer together. After the Lower Gauley, the Upper Gauley or our two-day Fall Gauley Overnight is a must.
Gauley River Rafting Trips
Spring & Summer Gauley River Rafting Trips
Gauley River, located thirty minutes north of the New River, flows year round and offers a true wilderness experience. Depending on the flows the day of the trip, Class VI will choose the best section and the highest adventure water craft.
Spring & Summer Gauley River Rafting Trips
Scout & Youth River Rafting Trips
Class VI is an exclusive Boy Scout whitewater merit badge adviser in the area and have week long adventure vacations available for youth, church or scout groups. Call for more information (866) 658-5333.
Scout & Youth Group Rafting Trips


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Every season a number of Arsenal players go out on loan to gain valuable first-team experience. With the 2012/13 campaign now underway, 15 Gunners are currently away from the Club.
Arsenal.com tracks their progress throughout the season. Our Arsenal's Loanees page offers an overview and below is the latest instalment of our Loan Watch.
Johan Djourou
Hannover 96 5-1 Hamburg
Saturday, February 23
Johan Djourou played the entirety of Hannover's convincing win against
Benik Afobe
Middlesbrough 1-2 Millwall
Saturday, February 23
Benik Afobe started and played 90 minutes as Millwall earned an impressive
victory at Middlesbrough.
Chuks Aneke
Coventry City 1-2 Crewe Alexandra
Saturday, February 23
Chuks Aneke came off the bench in the 73rd minute and then set up Crewe's
winner as they came from behind to beat Coventry.
Joel Campbell
Real Betis 3-0 Malaga
Sunday, February 24
Joel Campbell started and played 78 minutes as Real Betis closed the gap on fourth place to just three points with victory at home to Malaga.
Almeria 4-1 Ponferradinda
Sunday, February 24
Wellington was a late substitute as Ponferradina were beaten at Almeria. The forward came on with 17 minutes to play.
Samuel Galindo
Aurora 0-6 Club Deportivo Jorge Wilstermann
Sunday, February 24
Samuel Galindo came on as a second-half substitute in Wilstermann's convincing win at Aurora. The midfielder was introduced after 58 minutes.
Marouane Chamakh
West Ham United 2-3 Tottenham Hotspur
Monday, February 25
Marouane Chamakh was an unused substitute as Gareth Bale's late goal denied West Ham a point in their London derby.
Emmanuel Frimpong
Fulham 1-0 Stoke City
Saturday, February 23
Emmanuel Frimpong was not in the Fulham squad for their win over Stoke.
Dimitar Berbatov's fine first-half volley sealed victory.
Reading 0-3 Wigan Athletic
Saturday, February 23
Ryo did not feature as Wigan climbed out of the relegation zone with victory
at Reading.
Nicklas Bendtner
Juventus 3-0 Siena
Sunday, February 24
Nicklas Bendtner was not in the Juventus squad as they comfortably saw off the
challenge of Siena.
Sao Paulo 3-0 Linense
Saturday, February 23
Denilson played no part in Sao Paulo's home win against Linense in the Paulista A1.
Andre Santos
Internacional 2-1 Gremio
Sunday, February 24
Andre Santos did not feature in Gremio's defeat away at Internacional.
Ju Young Park
Celta Vigo 2-1 Granada
Sunday, February 24
Ju Young Park was an unused substitute as Celta Vigo secured an important win
over Granada.
Philip Roberts
Hearts 2-3 Inverness CT
Saturday, February 23
Philip Roberts did not feature in Inverness' entertaining win over Hearts.
Reice Charles-Cook
Chelmsford City 1-0 Sutton United
Saturday, February 23
Reice Charles-Cook was not in the Chelmsford squad for their win over Sutton


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It's basically them promoting the "software" base of something that has been around for consumers for a long time now. It is definitely good for those consumers that are looking for that kind of performance, that will automatically adjust to the most used apps, etc. It isn't new though, just new for apply to promote the "feature".
I thought there was some similar functionality in the older iMacs as well? I guess I was mistaken. Didn't know you had to chose manually what to have in the SSD and what in the HDD.
So in reality the hardware configuration is more or less the same as last year's. A HDD and an SSD. The only new here is the Fusion software.
Got some hands on time with a iPad Mini today. Stunning device, and the build quality is outstanding. It is simply a joy to have in your hands.
Its a shame that the iPod Touch 5G has only an A5 and 512 mbs RAM.
I don't like the width of the mini. Thought its have some updated specs instead of now two generations behind.
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If it fits in the iPhone 5, surely those engineers could fit them in the iPad mini.
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I quite like the mini. My friend bought one and it feels so much more comfortable to use than my iPad 3. It doesn't hurt the wrist when holding it. The thing is just so thin and so light it's unreal.
i would buy a mini, but is the specs are less then an ipad 2 and ipad 2 is only £30 more.....
The size makes sense... The specs don't. Kinda win/lose.
The majority of users don't look at specs.
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The ipod touch is already overpriced as it is so why not add better hardware.


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The Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences has the responsibility to ensure that its graduates can become fully competent and caring audiologists who function in a broad variety of clinical situations and render a wide spectrum of patient care. It is important that persons admitted possess the intelligence, integrity, compassion, humanitarian concern, and physical and emotional capacity necessary to practice in the profession.
Admission to the Doctor of Audiology degree program is based not only on academic achievement, but also on nonacademic factors that ensure that candidates can complete the essential functions of the academic program as required for graduation. The Department's "Essential Functions" document outlines the five areas of essential skills and attributes candidates are expected to posses. All applicants should carefully review these essential abilities before completing the admission materials.
Enrollment in the Doctor of Audiology program is limited to approximately 12 students each year, and the application process is competitive. Candidates must meet the following entrance requirements to apply and should also review the UW Graduate School Admissions Requirements before applying.
1. Citizenship & Visa Status
The Graduate School and the Department accept applications from U.S. citizens, permanent residents (green card holders), immigrants and international applicants. Graduate School admission requirements and application procedures are the same for all applicants regardless of residency, citizenship and visa status.
International students must have a visa status that allows academic study at the UW. This status includes temporary U.S. visas such as F-1 student visas, J-1 exchange visitors, H-1 temporary worker, dependent visas or any other nonimmigrant classifications. Students who will study on an F-1 or J-1 visa will be required to complete additional steps after confirming their intention to enroll before the Graduate School can process their visa paperwork. Consult the Graduate School Admissions website to find out more about minimum eligibility requirements and required materials for international applicants.
Please note, in order for students to be considered state residents for tuition purposes, they first must be able to prove that they are U.S. citizens, have U.S. permanent resident cards, or have a qualifying visa (A, E, G, H1, I, K or L). For questions concerning how to establish residency in Washington State, please contact the Residence Classification Office at 206-543-5932, email@example.com or visit the UW Residency Office Website.
2. Bachelors' Degree
All applicants MUST have a Bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution.
3. National Criminal Background Check
All graduate students in the department are required to complete and successfully pass a national criminal background check as a condition of admission. Instructions are provided to new students and the background check must be completed within 30 days of accepting the department's offer of admission. The background check fee is paid directly to the department's vendor, Verified Credentials. In addition, students in the Au.D. program are required to complete two other background checks; a Washington state background check at the start of their third year in the program, as well as a full national background check prior to the start of their year-long clinical externship.
It is important that students in our programs receive certification that there is no evidence of a Child and Adult Abuse Law (CAAL) conviction or criminal history. If there is a conviction that would prevent the student from completing the required clinical experiences in our programs, and thus prevent him/her from fulfilling the program requirements, he/she will be denied admission. A non-CAAL conviction/criminal history record, however, does not necessarily disqualify an individual for admission. When considering individuals for admission, conviction/criminal history records are reviewed as they relate to the content and nature of the curriculum and the safety and security of clients and the public.Should the background check provide evidence of a positive criminal history or raise any areas of concern related to a student's participation in a graduate program, he/she will be contacted by a representative of the Speech & Hearing Sciences Department.
4. Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
Applicants are required to submit scores earned within the last five years from the General Test portion of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The General Test of the GRE measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and writing skills. The test is available year round in a computer-based format. Advance registration is required and students should plan ahead in order for scores to be reported in a timely manner. We recommend that applicants take the test no later than November 1st to ensure scores are reported by the application deadline.
There is no minimum score required. If you take the GRE more than once, you may report the scores of your "best" exam, but you can't pick-and-choose scores across exams. Applicants are asked to self-report scores on their application and must also submit an official GRE score report to the University of Washington (score report code 4854). Those who have taken the test in the past or on multiple occasions should inquire early to be sure scores are reported properly and in a timely manner.
Effective August 1, 2011, ETS has changed the GRE test. The department and University will continue to accept GRE scores from the "old" format (taken prior to 8/1/11) as long as the scores are earned within the last 5 years. Anyone taking the GRE on or after August 1, 2011 will submit GRE scores from the new test format.
To obtain score reports, contact Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ 08541-6000, telephone 1-800-537-3160 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. The GRE website is at http://www.gre.org.
5. English Language Proficiency
All applicants to the Doctor of Audiology program whose native language is not English must demonstrate English language proficiency. No waivers of this requirement can be granted. This prerequisite knowledge is necessary for providing ethical and effective services to individuals with communication impairments, and is necessary for successful implementation of clinical services with clients and exchange of information with other professionals (see Essential Functions).
Admissions into the Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences will follow the University of Washington policies and guidelines for individuals who are nonnative speakers of English. Applicants will be reviewed by the Department's Graduate Admissions Committee and evaluated on a variety of criteria without regard to language proficiency. Applicants should review the UW Graduate School's Understanding the Application Process, which outlines each of the three required minimum admission requirements for Degree, GPA, and English Proficiency.
To be admitted to the program unconditionally, all nonnative English speakers are required to submit evidence of one of the following:
- A bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree from a regionally accredited institution in one of the following English-speaking countries: the United States, Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, Ireland, Jamaica, New Zealand, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, or the United Kingdom.
- If an applicant attended an institution in a country other those listed in #1, he/she must provide official documentation from the institution verifying that all instruction was in English and that the degree is equivalent to a US bachelor's degree. This documentation must be provided directly to the Graduate School.
- The following minimum test scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Information about the TOEFL can be found at www.ets.org/toefl. The Department will accept scores from any of the TOEFL tests, but the Internet Based version (TOEFLiBT) is preferred as it assesses proficiency across all four communication domains (listening, reading, writing and speaking). Please note the department does not accept iELTS scores at this time.
- 92 on the TOEFLiBT
- 237 on the TOEFLC
- 580 on the TOEF
If an applicant submits English proficiency test scores within the range of scores listed below, they may be admitted to the program provisionally. In such cases, the applicant will be required to take designated Academic English Program (AEP) courses through UW English Language Programs starting the quarter they enter the program in accordance with University of Washington policy.
- 61-91 TOEFLiBT
Applicants with scores below those in the provisional range may be admitted provisionally only upon recommendation of the Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences.
6. Minimum Grade Point Average (GPA)
To be considered for admission, applicants are required to have a minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 (B) during the last 90 quarter or 60 semester credit hours of study.
In addition, to be competitive applicants should have a GPA of at least 3.0 (B) in the prerequisite undergraduate Speech and Hearing coursework with no single course graded less than 2.0 (C). It is highly recommended that all prerequisite coursework grades be at 2.5 or above.
7. Prerequisite Coursework
There are no specific undergraduate coursework prerequisites for the Doctor of Audiology program. Students holding a Bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited College or University who meet the GRE, English language and grade point average requirements are eligible to apply and be granted admission into the Doctor of Audiology program. Applicants ARE NOT required to have coursework in speech and hearing sciences.
While there are no coursework prerequisites for admission to the Doctor of Audiology program, the curriculum does adhere to the standards and guidelines set by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology. As a result, there are several ASHA-mandated undergraduate coursework requirements for clinical certification in audiology of which applicants should be aware:
1) ASHA Basic Science and Math Coursework
Graduates of any Doctor of Audiology program must complete a minimum of 1 undergraduate course in each of the following areas in order to be eligible for ASHA certification:
- Biological science (e.g., zoology, biology)
- Behavioral science (e.g., psychology, sociology)
- Physical science (e.g., physics, chemistry)
- Mathematics (nonremedial) or Statistics
Courses used to fulfill these requirements must have the following attributes:
- They must be taken outside the Speech & Hearing Sciences or Communication Disorders department.
- They must appear by name/number on your official college transcript with a final grade.
- They can consist of any number of credits.
- They can be taken for a grade, credit/no credit, pass/fail, or satisfactory/unsatisfactory, but students must achieve a "credit", "pass", "satisfactory" or numeric grade of at least 0.7 (D).
The Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders website provides a list of courses that satisfy these ASHA undergraduate coursework requirements. All applicants should take the time to identify whether they have courses that meet these requirements in advance of applying to graduate school.
2) Speech & Hearing Sciences Coursework
Graduates of the Doctor of Audiology program must also complete undergraduate, coursework that covers the following foundational areas in order to be eligible for ASHA certification:
- Normal development of speech and language
- Language and speech disorders across the life span
At the University of Washington, any of the following speech and language courses satisfy this ASHA requirement:
- SPHSC 250: Human Communication and Its Disorders
- SPHSC 304: Developmental Aspects of Communication
- SPHSC 305: Speech and Language Disorders
- SPHSC 425: Hearing, Speech, Language and the Brain
How and When To Complete Undergraduate Requirements for ASHA Certification
We strongly encourage applicants to complete the ASHA required courses prior to entry into the graduate program if possible. Due to the rigorous graduate curriculum it can be challenging for students to complete ASHA undergraduate coursework requirements in tandem with graduate coursework.
Individuals interested in completing some/all of the ASHA undergraduate science, math and/or speech and hearing coursework requirements prior to entering the graduate program have two options:
- Complete coursework at another College or University. The coursework can be at the institution granting your Bachelor's degree, a community college, an online institution, etc. The requirement is only that the courses meet the attributes identified by ASHA and listed above.
- Complete coursework at the University of Washington during Summer quarter. Individuals accepted into the graduate program can enroll as a Non-Matriculated (NM) student at the University of Washington to take courses. The department offers "SPHSC 250: Human Communication and Its Disorders" during Summer quarter and it does meet the ASHA speech and hearing course requirement.
We also encourage those without a background in Speech and Hearing to consider taking "SPHSC 371: Hearing Disorders" in our department as a non-matriculated student. The course is offered during the Summer quarter. It is not a requirement, but an option for those looking to familiarize themselves with audiologic concepts and terminology prior to graduate study.
While we recommend that students who have been accepted into the Doctor of Audiology program take the ASHA required coursework prior to the start of the graduate program, it is not a requirement. Every student accepted into the program will meet with an advisor in the Autumn to discuss their undergraduate coursework and identify any deficits. Students needing to complete undergraduate courses can take them as electives while in the Doctor of Audiology program. Applicants should be aware, however, that completing undergraduate coursework requirements during graduate study could possibly extend the duration of the graduate program beyond 4 years.


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Super Light Foundation Coverage for Summer: Neutrogena Healthy Skin EnhancerWednesday, June 30, 2010
I bought this "foundation" about 2 or 3 months ago after hearing my friend Melissa rave about it for a few weeks. Melissa worked at a Clinique counter for years, and her makeup always looks very well pulled together, so I take her recommendations pretty seriously. She loved this product for the light coverage, ease of use and how she can't tell it is on her skin.
So, off I went to Walmart to pick a shade. And.... I hated this foundation the first couple of times I used it. Truly, just hated it with a passion. It was streaky and wouldn't blend. It didn't have my beloved medium coverage, leaving freckles visible (*gasps*). If Melissa brought it up, I just said "mmhmm, you said you liked it" and got all shifty eyed.
Then summer happened. And it became hot and humid (I AM in the midwest now after all, this isn't a surprise). I couldn't bear to look at my medium coverage foundations. I needed something lighter. I decided to give the Neutrogena a second try. It actually took a few extra tries, but once I figured out the quirks, something clicked. Now I get it. I see now why Melissa was raving, and have to share with you!
It's true, this is definitely not medium coverage foundation. I hesitate to even call it "foundation". I'm not really sure what else to call it, but it is definitely a sheer-light coverage. It has the consistency of a foundation, and I apply it by just spreading it on my face with my fingertips. I start in the center and spread out to ensure that most of the product is applied around my nose and center of my face. It needs to be blended, and it does respond well to fingertips or a brush, they both just smear the product around. Just sweep a makeup sponge around quickly and the problem is solved.
One thing that is a bit odd about this product is that it sometimes has some clumps in it, and they will smear strangely on your face. They look a lot darker than the rest of the product when clumped together on your skin. It looks strange, like there's a booger on your face. (Yes, that is a technical term.) If you blend it with your sponge it will blend in and the color will behave itself again. I have no idea how or why this happens, just don't let it frighten you. Blend it away.
After all of that work (ok, blending with a sponge for about 10 seconds) I apply concealer, powder, etc as usual. The result? My skin looks perfect. I don't look like I'm wearing foundation, but you can't tell that I might be a bit red or uneven in tone. You can still see my freckles though, which I now kind of like. How did they do that? I'm not sure. At the end of the day my skin looks just as good. As an added bonus, I can't feel it on my skin either, so I don't feel like I'm wearing a heavy makeup mask in the midwestern summer.
Neutrogena Healthy Skin Enhancer
3 comments
how did this function in terms of preventing the melty-face-look of summer's heat and humidity? i'm in central texas and my usual regime isn't holding up! i've been looking at MAC blot powder and mineralize natural powder but would love something cheaper and more skin-nourishing. thoughts?ReplyDelete
It definitely holds up better than my heavier foundations, and even if I do end up all sweating/melty the fallout isn't quite as bad.
For the most humid days (I have a lot of those- I live in Michigan now), I've had really good luck with Milk of Magnesia as a primer. With MoM, I have had absolutely no issues, and haven't had to use blotting paper in months despite the heat/humidity! Obviously Central Texas might be different, but give it a try. Here's my post on MoM as a mattifying primer. I know it isn't skin nourishing, but with using the MoM you should still be able to use your normal moisturizer and any ingredients that it might have, which is likely better in the long run.
Let me know how that works!
thanks so much for the advice! i've spent the summer in michigan before so i'm inclined to think you know what you're talking about.ReplyDelete
I love comments! Please ask away, provide info on how you liked something, etc. Note that spam, comments with random links (which I count as spam), anything not in english (again, spam) and comments that are completely unrelated to anything will all be deleted.


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I have a mosin nagin and a British 303 and I have tried bore cleaner,wd-40,
special bore cleaner name escapes me but the price didn't.I even tried straight kerosene with no luck.The bores are dull and plain embarrassing if someone looked at the bores.The first word out their mouths would be when the last time you cleaned them. I really enjoy shooting the mosin ,Image thousands of mosins
doing battle the fire spitting out of the and the sound must of been intimatating
as hell. Sorry for getting wordy but this is what newly retired people do we start
doing all the projects we been putting off.


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It was a dream final – a face-off between Germany's top two teams. League champions Borussia Dortmund were up against the runners-up FC Bayern Munich. The giants were to meet again as they did four matches before the end of the Bundesliga season. One month after the vital league game in Dortmund in 11 April to decide the destination of the shield for the winner of the championship, the game in Berlin on 12 May was all about who was going to walk away with the "Pott" as the cup is popularly called in Germany. Dortmund had previously done the double over Bayern in the championship – both matches ended in 1-0 wins – and the black and yellows added a 5-2 (3-1) win against the record league championship winners after a memorable evening in the capital, Berlin. For coach Jürgen Klopp and his team, it crowned a glittering season. Bourssia Dortmund duly celebrated their first ever double 103 years after being founded.
The Borussia Dortmund team receiving the cup from the Germany President Joachim Gauck. (photo: GES/Augenklick)
"It's amazing," said an ecstatic Klopp after his team had clinched the cup win. The 100 million viewers in 150 countries, including a record 15 million in Germany, watching the final were just as surprised by the dramaturgy of the final as the 75,000 crowd in the Olympic Stadium. A mistake early on led to the 15-time cup winners going 1-0 behind through a Shinji Kagawa strike in the third minute before Arjen Robben equalised with a penalty in the 25th. Another penalty converted by Mats Hummels (41st) was followed by a Robert Lewandowski hat-trick (45th, 58th, 81st) and a Franck Ribéry goal (75th) which put a little respectability on the score sheet. One week before the Champions League final in Munich against Chelsea, the record champions suffered a bitter loss. It was only the third Munich defeat in 18 appearances in a DFB Cup final. It left Jupp Heynckes still without a cup win as a coach. Klopp on the other hand enjoyed a happy end to his first cup final appearance. As for his Borussia team, it was their third cup success after 1965 and 1989.
"Can't describe it in words"
Three-goal Robert Lewandowski seen battling with Bastian Schweinsteiger (left) in the 5-2 win by Borussia Dortmund against Bayern München. (photo: GES/Augenklick)
After the team had received the gold cup from President Joachim Gauck, the black and yellow fans in the German capital then celebrated a raucous party that went on until the early hours of the morning. Players, coaches and club officials wore T-shirts with the words "Double winners 2012". "It was a cup final that went even better than anything we could have imagined. We struck ice-cold, scored great goals. I just can't describe in words what's going on inside us," said Klopp. Bayern on the other hand set about an immediate analysis of the heavy defeat. "It's bitter, the mistakes we made," said captain Philipp Lahm, who nevertheless claimed his team played better. "The way we played defensively was catastrophic. We've only got ourselves to blame. You have to admit, we didn't deserve to win," explained Heynckes. Watching from the VIP stands, national coach Joachim Löw saw some glaring Bayern mistakes: Holger Badstuber, Jerome Boateng and Lahm in the four man back line were out of sorts and Manuel Neuer in goal didn't have his best day. Bayern's international players all performed well below par whilst BVB's Mats Hummels was brilliant. Eight Munich players and five from Dortmund belong to the 27-man German national squad named last week by Löw for the European Championships. .
A jubilant Mats Hummels after converting the penalty against Manuel Neuer to put his team 2-1 up. Dortmund eventually ran out 5-2 winners against Bayern Munich. (photo: GES/Augenklick)
"We had some unbelievable moments in the cup and crowned everything again. It's fantastic all that's happening in Berlin," said an overjoyed Hummels, who, together with the whole team, paraded the cup in front of hundreds of thousands of ecstatic Dortmund fans in the city on the Sunday following the match. "There's a feeling of boundless joy and relief within the team. It's a day that'll go down with all of us as one of the best of our careers," said Hummels who learnt his trade at Bayern Munich.
On the way to the final, BVB didn't let in a single goal in normal play. The only time the ball hit the back of the Dortmund net was in the penalty shoot-out (5-4) in the last 16 against the second division side and near neighbours, Fortuna Düsseldorf. The black and yellows also didn't have to face a single opponent form the first division. In the semifinal they beat second division champions SpVgg Greuther Fürth 1-0 in extra time whilst Holstein Kiel were defeated 4-0 in the quarters. In the previous rounds they were 3-0 and 2-0 winners against SV Sandhausen and Dynamo Dresden respectively. Bayern, however, had a more difficult passage to the final. After suffering two Bundesliga defeats against Borussia Mönchengladbach, they had to overcome the same team in the semifinals. With the scores level after extra time they eventually won 4-3 on penalties. Playing away in the round before, they beat VfB Stuttgart 2-0. But Dortmund was then – for the fifth time in a row – too strong for Munich on 12 May.


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The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals on Tuesday ruled that the Internal Revenue Service regulation authorizing tax credits in federal exchanges was invalid. The case, Halbig v. Burwell, was spurred by an article by Jonathan H. Adler and Cato scholar Michael F. Cannon that appeared in the Spring 2013 Issue of Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine.
Join Michael F. Cannon for a live Q&A on the impact of the ruling and what to expect next.


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One of Theotis Beasley's sponsors, Meister Watches, is throwing a release party for the new Theotis Beasley signature watch. The release party will be tomorrow, Saturday July 2nd, at Kings Boardshop in Montclair, CA from noon till 2pm.
We gave Theotis a box of Altamont goodies so he'll be giving them away to the people that stop by. See you there!


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You all have done a complete 360 with your hair! I feel like my hair can never do what yours have done. This is almost a week of CG, but so far nothing! My scalp is DEFINITELY loving CG, and my hair is softer, but as far as curly styling...nothing.
I KNOW I'm asking for a lot in less than a week...but I want gorgeous curls!


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Raylin Ann – Peeping Tom Neighbor
Released: July 28, 2016
Hot young girl with big tits puts on a show for her neighbor while sun tanning.
Raylin Ann – Peeping Tom Neighbor
Released: July 28, 2016
Hot young girl with big tits puts on a show for her neighbor while sun tanning.
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text: Anti-religion group offering fight after judge OKs Kountze Bible banners Back to Article Comments Need to Register? X Remember Me Forgot your password? Top Stories Florida fugitive arrested in Beaumont Storm leaves Beaumont family homeless Detours set for 1-10 early next week Body found at Texas landfill ID'd as missing girl Update: Woman arrested in connection with jail escape Video: Several unlocked cars burglarized in Jefferson Co. PA store employee shot back at armed robbers Whipped cream can explodes, kills fitness model Local News Florida fugitive arrested in Beaumont Detours set for 1-10 early next week KCISD superintendent accuses Bryan ISD of contempt KCISD lawyer responds to Reeves' family attorney James Barkley, Jasper's first African-American officer, has died Sonny Cribbs, notable SETX defense attorney, has died Latest News Videos


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In the 2008 general election, nearly 15,000 ballots in Arizona were tossed out because people voted at the wrong polling place, according to the Secretary of State's Office.
To avoid those problems in the future, officials in Yavapai County, Ariz., launched a pilot project that tested six new electronic poll books at three locations for special elections Tuesday, May 18. Rolled out for the first time in the state, the high-tech devices centralize voter rolls in a single database so poll workers can save paper and easily direct prospective voters to the right precincts.
"Our ultimate goal is to facilitate our voters a lot faster with less resources," said Yavapai County Recorder Ana Wayman-Trujillo.
Using a portion of a federal Help America Vote Act grant through the Arizona Secretary of State's Office, the county purchased a total of 110 e-poll books with plans to put at least two in every polling place by the November elections, Wayman-Trujillo said. The e-poll books promote a paperless voter experience, she added, enabling poll workers to identify voters and track voting histories simply by scanning a driver's license or state identification card. A window for electronic signatures replaces a signature roster.
"We love our poll workers, but sometimes people don't spell their names right or miss their name in the poll book," she said. "The system uses a bar-code system that immediately tells you if you're registered, in what precinct and the style of ballot you need. It's really going to streamline the way things are done."
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Feb. 8, 2014
ResultsThe University of Cincinnati track & field closed out the Armory Collegiate Invitational in New York City on Saturday with a handful of impressive performances that moved them up in the American Athletic Conference rankings. Kevin Fink started day two off on the right foot as he raced to the sixth-fastest 5,000-meter time in UC history. In the junior's first career indoor 5,000-meter run, he posted a time of 14:43.36, which moves him into first in the American Athletic Conference at that distance. Senior Josh Dangel had a good day in the pole vault as he finished third in the Championship Division with a height of 17' 6.5". He had three quality attempts at the winning height of 17' 10.5", which would have also broken the school record, but he was unable to clear the bar. On the women's side, Ashley Earman got UC off to a good start just like the men as she recorded an 18:31.31 in the 5,000-meter run, which is a new personal-best by more than 20 seconds. Sophomore Ashleigh Pickens had a quality day in the Eastern Division high jump as she cleared 5' 5.75" and finished second. The highlight of the meet came in the 4x400-meter relay as the quartet ran a 3:44.94 to finish sixth and post the third fastest time in Bearcats indoor history. The foursome was led off by Javette Lee who handed off to Jada Grant. Grant then passed the baton to new school record holder in the 400-meter dash, Kenya Woodall. Gabby Calderone then anchored the relay. The Bearcats are back in action next weekend as they take their third trip this indoor season to Bloomington, Ind. for the Hoosier Hills Invitational on Feb. 14 and 15.


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|Patriots Look Poised For Another Super Bowl Run
|Bruins Trade For Drew Stafford
|Black and Gold Bruins Turn Yellow On Parade Day
|Inconsistency Will Continue For Bruins Unless A Change Is Made
|Kevin Garnett, above, goes for a slam dunk with his former team, the Timberwolves.(Courtesy of NBA.com)
The Minnesota Celtics. Yes, I know, the name doesn't match the city or state at all, but it's hard to argue when there are seven former Boston Celtics on the T-Wolves' active roster (Gerald Green, Mark Blount, Ricky Davis, Al Jefferson, Ryan Gomes, Sebastian Telfair, Theo Ratliff), and an eighth former player in the team administration (Kevin McHale). Allow me to put it in perspective: When the Celtics travel on the road at Minnesota on Feb. 8, there will be at least 25 current or former Celtics in the building. Of the 25, 15 will be the active Celtics there at the time (barring any further transactions), 7 will be the former active Celtics on the T-Wolves, 1 for McHale, 1 for Danny Ainge, and 1 for Tommy Heinsohn. If Bob Cousy is announcing, he adds to the list as well. Wow.
Timberwolves 2006-2007 Team Review
2006-07 Record: 32-50 (3rd place, 19 games back in Northwest Division)
What went right: KG had another stellar campaign with an NBA-best 12.8 rebounds per game, leading the league in that category for four consecutive seasons. Ricky Davis had another nice season, averaging 17.0 points per game.
What went wrong: Not much else went right for the T-Wolves. Big-money point guard Mike James did almost nothing last season, averaging 10.1 points and 3.6 assists. The team missed the playoffs for the second-straight season, after making the playoffs eight seasons in a row. Ricky Davis (a shoot-first type of player) led the team with 4.8 assists per game. It's hard to win in the West without a legitimate point guard that can shoot and pass well…Troy Hudson used to do that for KG but he was injured far too often to compete.
2006-07 Season Grade: D
Timberwolves 2007 Off-season Team Review
Key Additions: PG Sebastian Telfair, FC Al Jefferson, F Ryan Gomes, C Theo Ratliff, SG Gerald Green, SF Corey Brewer, F Juwan Howard
Key Losses: F Kevin Garnett, PG Mike James, F Eddie Griffin
Reaction: The only team that has made as much off-season headway as the Celtics has been the Timberwolves. Not only did they trade their star player and icon, they added a tremendous amount of youth in the process. As a result, they went from struggling to contend to rebuilding for the future. And to be honest, the future looks bright. Al Jefferson, Corey Brewer, Randy Foye, Gerald Green, Rashad McCants, among many other young talents look to become future stars. The team may have a problem down the road though as both Jefferson and Gomes are due big paydays in the coming years. Either way, the T-Wolves made the right move to rebuild, especially with perennial West contenders Dallas, Phoenix, and San Antonio getting older and older every season. By the time the T-Wolves are ready to contend, perhaps one or two of those teams will fall from grace.
Off-Season Grade: B+
Timberwolves 2007-08 Season Preview vs. Celtics
Timberwolves-Celtics Match-ups:
Minnesota @ Boston, Jan. 25
Boston @ Minnesota, Feb. 8
How the projected starting lineups stack up:
("x" marks which team has the edge)
|Kendrick Perkins
|Mark Blount
|Kevin Garnett
|Al Jefferson
|Paul Pierce
|Ryan Gomes
|Ray Allen
|Ricky Davis
|Rajon Rondo
|Trenton Hassel
The Edge: The T-Wolves starting lineup could change a lot over the season. While I think Blount is garbage, he's still further progressed in his development than Kendrick Perkins is now. If Al Jefferson plays center for the Wolves, then they still get the nod at the position. KG gets the nod over any player on the Wolves, especially since he used to play for them. I like Pierce and Allen over any of the young players, and over veteran guard Ricky Davis. Both Rondo and Hassel are unproven at their positions, but the nod goes to Rondo for the talent that's surrounding him. If Marko Jaric replaces Hassel, then you're looking at a landslide one-on-one victory for Rondo. Jaric has to be one of the worst players in the NBA that gets more than 20 minutes per game. If he rarely sees the court this season, the Wolves have a chance avoid being the worst team in the NBA.
Outlook: This team will be fun to watch only because of all the former Celtics on the team. I will say that as soon as the KG trade occurred, the T-Wolves became my favorite team from the Western Conference. While I want them to win, it doesn't look like its happening for a few years.
Final Prediction: 4th, Northwest Division.
Tags: Al Jefferson, Celtics, Kevin Garnett, Minnesota Timberwolves
[…] Bulls Sox Cubs and Bears Windy City is going to blow over Beantown Sports of Boston The Minnesota Celtics? Trash Talk Podcast Blog Dynasties IV: Bird, Spurs and the Bad Boys Bleacher […]
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Great article, I have to disagree with the starting lineup for Minnesota though. I think Randy Foye is most likely to start at point guard for the the T-Wolves.
Yeah I was debating between the two, and Trenton Hassel had a good year last year. You may be right….but I still think Rondo would be better than Foye at the position based on the fact that Rondo has more talent to pass to than Foye.


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Toronto's mayoral race is heating up on the issue of transit, as Olivia Chow revealed new details of her transit plan – including the possibility of a tax hike to fund a downtown subway line.
Ms. Chow made her announcement in a speech to the Toronto Region Board of Trade on Tuesday, vowing to scrap the planned Scarborough subway extension and requisite 1.6-per-cent tax hike in favour of above-ground light-rail transit. Instead, she would introduce a new levy for the same amount to raise up to $1-billion which, if topped up by funding from the provincial and federal governments, would go toward both keeping the system in a "state of good repair" for the Toronto Transit Commission and a new downtown relief line.
If realized, the subway levy would mean Ms. Chow would break her earlier campaign promise to hold tax rates at around the rate of inflation. Ms. Chow's plan also would reopen the years-long debate that resulted in last year's Scarborough subway decision – which includes funding agreements from both the province and Ottawa, and which Mayor Rob Ford has trumpeted as one of his key accomplishments in his re-election campaign.
"We're saying to the provincial and federal governments that we're willing to put money on the table, up to $1-billion if they join us, if they partner with us," Ms. Chow told reporters Tuesday.
"If it means a property-tax increase, we will do it, but we need the other two levels of government to join us."
Ms. Chow's downtown subway plan is contingent on funding from the upper levels of government, though she would not reveal how much she would ask from them. She also specified that the funding would be used for both the new subway line and repairs to the existing system – including fixing tracks and signal systems, and purchasing new subway cars. She would not say which of the two would be a priority if funding falls short, saying "I don't think it's an either or. I think it's both."
Ms. Chow's announcement came on the same day her rivals also made transit their priorities.
Candidate John Tory told reporters Tuesday that he was "disappointed" by Ms. Chow's downtown-relief line announcement. "This is not a high priority with her. It's a long-term priority as she calls it," he said while attending an open house on transit congestion in North York.
In a statement, he also accused Ms. Chow of "ripping up agreements with other governments, lecturing them about their moral obligation and reopening old debates."
Earlier Tuesday, Mr. Tory's team launched a Twitter campaign dubbed "Twister Chow" – a reference to the classic board game – to illustrate what it says is Ms. Chow's constant change in position on transit. Mr. Tory has pledged to start building a downtown relief line immediately on top of existing plans to build a Scarborough subway extension, though he has not yet released funding details beyond saying that he's against raising property taxes past the rate of inflation.
Mr. Ford, for his part, has also attacked Ms. Chow for her vow to cancel plans for a Scarborough subway. He has also pledged in the past to build subway lines under Sheppard, and Finch and a downtown relief line.
Candidate Karen Stintz made her own transit announcement Tuesday, vowing to fund a downtown relief line, in part through the sale of over half of the city's share of Toronto Hydro, more dedicated revenue from parking tickets, and a $3 price increase on Green P parking downtown.
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i'm not buying anything yet lol but there's one at Danbury VW that i'll be going to see this weekend. So fingers crossed hopefully everything checks out and i'll be a new member of the R32 family!
Type: Posts; User: Hammy_slice
i'm not buying anything yet lol but there's one at Danbury VW that i'll be going to see this weekend. So fingers crossed hopefully everything checks out and i'll be a new member of the R32 family!
too many to list... I took good care of it too never beat on it always kept up with routine Maintenance it was always something though. CEL would constantly come on and it was always big jobs at the...
I'm currently looking into a candy white 08' R32 with 32,740 miles on it. I need someone to shed some light on the Mkv r32. I had a Mkv Gli (06') worst car i've ever had, way too many problems! would...
Like the title says i'm looking for 1 oem classix rim must be in good condition. With or without tire. Im located in CT looking for local pick up. Not looking to spend more then 100-150 bucks. Thanks
I'm not sure, if you go to the raceland website it has a kit for a golf and one for a jetta. so not really sure if it will fit on both. my suggestion is to either give raceland a call or try some...
They are for a mkv jetta.
Like the title says i have a brand new in box set of raceland ultimo coilovers. looking for 375obo they retail for 399.99 with shipping and tax it comes to about 450.00. Im really looking for a local...
Complete Raceland ultimo coilover kit for mkv jetta located in ct. they retail for 399.00 after shipping and tax comes to about 450.00 im looking for 375 obo. Not really looking to ship so local sale...
Like the title says i have a complete raceland ultimo kit for a mkv jetta looking for 375 obo. im located in CT looking for local sale no shipping.
What brand?
Looking for a dp for my 06' gli fsi engine. whatcha got?
Set of 4 c4 sawblades. 3 are in mint condition the 4th is in nearly perfect condition theres a slight yellow tint in a small area caused by the previous owner spraying too much clear coat. Looking...
3 are mint the fourth has a lil yellow tint from too much clearcoat from previous owner easy fix tho.
Hey i have sawblades no tires in ct all in mint condition. 203-218-4332 if ur interest shoot me a txt.
open to trade for c4 sawblades?
i have a full set of c4 sawblades without tires and adapters. looking to trade for something 5x112 and with tires.
sawblade trade?


text: To get from Brescia a Aci Catena by train you can catch one of the 7 trains that everyday travel between Brescia and Acireale, the closest station to the city. The first train to Acireale leaves from Brescia at 07:05 and the last train departs at 22:35. If you choose a local train the trip lasts on average 14:08 hours. On Wanderio you can compare all schedules, fares and railway companies to Acireale and book the best itinerary starting from Brescia.


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125 gr JHP Gold Dots in my S & W 340PD. No reloads. Carried in front left pocket when dressed in jeans or business casual slacks.
This is a discussion on For Snubnose Owners - spare ammo? within the Defensive Carry Guns forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; I carry 135gr GDHP for short barrels...with a speedloader...
I carry 135gr GDHP for short barrels...with a speedloader
125 gr JHP Gold Dots in my S & W 340PD. No reloads. Carried in front left pocket when dressed in jeans or business casual slacks.
Spare ammo, prefer speedloaders in jacket pockets in cooler weather, speed strips other times. Like Corbon DPX and Speer GDHPSBs.
The only concern about lead is if you are receiving it; don't worry about carry bullets.
The best reload is another j-frame.
I dunno, after reading the Newhall Massacre I carry two speed loaders. Hey, I really like the idea of a speed loader in your cell phone holster. Learn more stuff on this forum.
I found that the lead hollow points got all beat up from bumping around in my pockets. I was more conerned about them deforming from bumping together and being in my pocket more than lead exposure. A good bullet that is copper jacketed up to the hollow point is a better choice in my opinion. I carry my secret stock of Nyclads in a couple of snubbies, but carry the Gold Dot, Gold Saber or Hydra Shok in the spares. Around here, the 110gr Hydra Shok is the most common non +p load. In the one revolver I carry +p+ in, I have Federal 110 gr +P+, a semi-jacketed HP, but the spares are Cor Bon +P+ which has no exposed lead. The gun is an SP101 on my wife's side of the bed with a stash of speedloaders next to it.
I carry lswc 158gr in my 642 and a speed strip in the watchpocket.
livin in the woods...feelin mighty good
Hey Superhouse 15, where did you get the Nyclads? I thought they were not made anymore?
I ordered the Speer 135 gr 38+p loads on Sunday. Should be here in about a week.
I have carried a S&W J-frame off and on for about 25 years. I now have an older Model 36 Chief Special, steel frame, not a light gun, because I shoot the steel frame guns better.
Main ammo is the Remington lead hollowpoint +P, the old FBI load.
Carry at least 2 (up to 4) speedloaders of the same ammo in a ziplock sandwich bag in a pocket...keeps the ammo together, clean and dry. If you need it fast, just rip the bag.
Why is it that you always find things at the last place you looked?
Because when you find something-you stop looking-Mooch
Gold Dot 135+P for short barell. I carry one speed loader in what was a cell phone case. Perfect solution. Easy to carry and no one can tell it is other then a cell phone.
"It does not do to leave a dragon out of your calculations, if you live near him."
J. R. R. Tolkien
When I carry the Dick Special, I've always got 6 extra rounds in a speed loader.


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monetarismnoun [ U ]uk /ˈmʌn.ɪ.tər.ɪ.zəm/ us /ˈmʌn.ə.tɚ.ɪ.zəm/
› a system of controlling a country's economy by limiting how much money is in use at a particular time
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(Definition of "monetarism" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
(Definition of "monetarism" from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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someone who studies astronomy