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Home > National News > Bali > Article
As Australia grieves again for the Bali bomb victims, Kerry-Anne Walsh examines the Government's reaction to the tragedy.
The Prime Minister describes October 12, 2002 as the day on which evil struck Australia with indiscriminate and indescribable savagery.
His parliamentary secretary, Jackie Kelly, has witnessed the effects of that savagery first-hand.
For the past five months she has been, if you like, the government-appointed nurse and counsellor to the survivors, family and friends of the Bali victims.
Even though the one-time air force legal officer saw and heard plenty of tough things in her six years in the military, nothing in that life prepared her for such a delicate role.
The Prime Minister anointed her as the Government touchstone for the grieving when he gave a commitment to Bali survivor and AFL football hero Jason McCartney in a private meeting in Canberra in June.
"Jason told the PM the families wanted contact with the Government, and they wanted a direct line to him," Ms Kelly explained on Friday.
"The PM gave him an undertaking that no detail would be too small for his attention, that he would always be available about any issues they had. So that became my role - to liaise [between the families and victims and the PM].
"I became the hotline for frustration - I gave my mobile number to families, and told them I was always available and the Government at the highest level would always be available."
The NSW outer western suburbs MP struggled to explain how deeply the experience had affected her.
"We are really so short in our human experience to be able to give meaningful words to try and make people feel better," she said.
"It is so remote from most Australians' life experiences . . . so remote from anything I ever experienced in my time in the military."
The Prime Minister similarly gives vent to the enormity of the Bali experience on individuals and the national psyche.
"Young Australians, many embarking on end-of-football-season trips, were drawn to Bali like thousands before them, through a natural desire for travel, adventure and relaxation," he writes in a special statement for The Sun-Herald readers.
"They were carefree but they were also innocent.
"Those who suffered and died at terrorist hands were targets not because of who they were or what they had done but because of what they represented - a way of life that each of us is lucky to enjoy.
"The events of that day shattered forever the misconception that our country could be somehow immune from acts of terrorism."
Mr Howard said Australians were shocked and bewildered at what occurred in Bali.
"They were angry and they were determined that justice be done.
"But they were also stirred by the most characteristic spirit of mateship to help the distressed."
The Government set up Baliassist, a Centrelink-run mini-department overseen by Kelly, to give assistance and salve to those who'd been affected by the blasts.
As the needs of survivors and victims' families increased, so too did the services offered by Baliassist.
It provided family liaison officers and counsellors, and staff to coordinate accommodation and travel help for those making this weekend's pilgrimage for the memorial services.
If Baliassist failed to deliver, mother-of-two Ms Kelly intervened. If families just wanted to vent their grief and anger, she listened. Most of the time she took calls outside work hours, when people felt more able to talk. Many howled on her shoulder; others poured out their anger.
An important listening point was the sensitive issue of how to commemorate the anniversary of the bombings.
Baliassist and Kelly encouraged victims' families and friends to shape the ceremonies as they wanted.
Many called for a loud, defiant statement against terrorism; others wanted a family-focused, private affair. Most wanted a Christian outdoors ceremony with Balinese touches.
In the end, Ms Kelly said they did the best they could to accommodate the "wide variety of suggestions, right down to the choice of pieces of music. Everyone had a song that was meaningful to them."
She hopes that the weekend's commemorations will fit the bill.
"We've done the best we can to meet expectations and needs," she said.
"We hope everyone finds something they can relate to; and we hope the Australian people at home will find something that resonates with them."
The experience had united us all as Australians, the PM said.
"In the difficult days, weeks and months that have transpired for the injured and the grieving, I hope that they have gained some modicum of comfort from the knowledge that those responsible for this vile crime are being brought to justice," he wrote.
"Out of such a foul crime sprung countless acts of courage from which we continue to draw strength.
"A year after Bali we owe it to those who have suffered so much to demonstrate that our commitment to the war against terrorism is undiminished.
"Equally, we must show that the threat posed by international terrorism may have changed the world in which we live, but it has not changed who we are.
"Australia was saddened and pained by the Bali bombing, but we were not broken.
"We remain a nation determined to uphold principles of justice and security as well as a people united by shared values of mateship, freedom and openness."
The anniversary commemorations will not mean the closure for the Government of the work being done to restore the spirits and lives of Australians whose bodies and souls will forever wear the Bali scar.
The PM stresses it is important to demonstrate continuing support for those whose burden of grief and injury had not diminished.
The Government had decided to organise events in Bali and Canberra because while some family members had an understandable need to travel to Bali, others found such an experience would be too distressing.
It also wanted to honour those people in Indonesia who had contributed so much to the recovery effort in those tumultuous days after the bombing.
So today, the unsung heroes in Bali, from the health, security, intelligence, transport and military services, will be recognised by the PM with fitting tributes - health scholarships and Order of Australia medals.
Ms Kelly's work is also far from over.
She and Baliassist are desperate to put together the complete picture of all those who helped in the awful aftermath of the attacks - such as the expats who flocked to the battle zone to lend a hand.
Rough estimates are that about 200 people remain hidden heroes. People who helped in any capacity should ring 136 125 and tell their stories.
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MGMT give French fans peek at new album
By Dominique Vidalon
PARIS (Reuters) - Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser from American psychedelic-electro rock act MGMT were back in Paris Tuesday to give fans a taste of their upcoming second album "Congratulations," out on April 12.
The Brooklyn-based pair and their band kicked off a one-hour long set at the sold-out Trabendo venue with "Flash Delirium," a new song which set the mood of an album full of haunted and dreamy psychedelic sounds.
"Nice to be in Paris. This is a nice, very intimate setting," a smiling VanWyngarden told the 700-capacity crowd.
The gig was part of a string of low-key European shows MGMT has embarked on this month to showcase the keenly anticipated follow-up to their 2008 debut album "Oracular Spectacular" that has been praised for its stylistic breadth and anthemic tunes which poked fun at fame and rock excess.
So far fans had only heard "Flash Delirium," a new track with its telling lyric "We will never be as big as the Rolling Stones," the band gave away as a free download this month.
Despite a setlist dominated by new material, MGMT quickly established a connection with the audience, which cheered new songs such as "It's working" or "I Found a Whistle" but went into a frenzy for old favorites such as "Electric Feel."
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Complacency was not on the band's agenda as MGMT did not play their biggest hit "Kids," the song French President Nicolas Sarkozy's UMP party used for a campaign without the band's permission last year and was fined for doing so. Continued...


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FORT WORTH, Tex.– In the first step to co-locate operations across the combined network, US Airways Cargo is joining American Airlines Cargo's operations at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK).
While the two carriers continue to operate independently, the co-located facility allows American and US Airways customers to tender and recover both 001 and 037 air waybill shipments in one location.
The cargo facility co-location in New York Kennedy is the first of 155 across American's combined network. On April 1, American will relocate its cargo operations to US Airways' facility at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX).


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MARKET PULSE-BlackBerry, Ecotality, Vical, Invensense, gold stocks
(For more market insights, including options activity, click on ; for The Day Ahead newsletter link.reuters.com/mex49s; for the Morning News Call newsletter, link.reuters.com/gew32v)
Aug 12 (Reuters) - Some U.S. stocks on the move on Monday:
Technology stocks Apple and BlackBerry kept the Nasdaq above break-even on Monday, but other major stock indexes were lower in a session marked by light trading.
The Dow Jones industrial average was down 0.08 percent while the Standard & Poor's 500 Index was down 0.14 percent. The Nasdaq Composite Index was up 0.16 percent.
** BLACKBERRY LTD, $10.30, up 5.5 pct (1228 ET)
The Canadian smartphone maker is looking at options that could include joint ventures, partnerships or a sale of the company as it struggles to survive against stiff competition.
BlackBerry, which pioneered on-your-hip email with its first smartphones and email pagers, said it had set up a committee to review its options and that top shareholder Prem Watsa was stepping down from its board due to a possible conflict of interest. Continued...


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The Clash of Civilizations: War-making and State Formation in Europe
From a tiny group of Germanic bands to the mightiest governmental system the world had ever known - what caused the momentous rise of the European states? Drawing on Toynbee's theory of civilizations, Victor Lee Burke develops an account of the origins and transformation of governments in Europe between the eighth and seventeenth centuries. Borrowing also from Charles Tilly's and Anthony Giddens's works, he shows the importance of wars in the rise of the European state system. Burke provides a panoramic sociological history of the rise of European states. He relates the origins and development of European governments to the social conflict among the European, Viking, Islamic, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Mongol civilizations. He assesses the impact of the Crusades on the rise of the monarchy and the origins of democratic regimes. In contrast to European-centred interpretations of history, the author argues that the conflict among other civilizations forged the rise and growth of Western European governments. The book will appeal to advanced undergraduate students and academics across all social sciences and particularly in political and economic sociology, social and political theory, European studies and Western civilization.
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How Americans Decide to (Not) Use Transit
The nation has gone through dramatic demographic and economic change over the last 10 years, in what history may end up calling the "lost decade" because jobs and economic change didn't keep pace. That loss is coming home to roost now, says the Brookings Institution, which has turned its gaze and powers of analysis to The State of Metropolitan America. One focus is on commuting, where the latest Census data and research points to a small drop in the number of people driving alone to work. There is also a stark illustration of transit use: in only two major U.S. do more than one-quarter of residents do something besides drive to work alone (they are SF and NYC).
Today on The Takeaway, Bruce Katz, the Director of Brookings' Metropolitan Policy Program, shares his findings. Among them, "if we keep building out low-density sprawl -- subsidized, frankly by government -- people won't choose a (transit) option." Steve Dutch, Professor of Applied and Natural Sciences at the University of Wisconsin Green-Bay shares his research and views on why people don't use mass transit. More.


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LECANTO — Steve spent his 16th birthday surrounded by friends but wishing he was somewhere else.
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This Stereo Looper is Ready for Anything!
DigiTech's loopers have been making history for over two decades. They blew us away back in 2005, when they came out with the JamMan looper pedal. Now, Digitech has done it again with the JamMan Stereo Looper! The JamMan Stereo Looper gives you true stereo and up to 35 minutes of CD quality, internal recording right off the bat. You can organize your loops into 99 internal memories for instant recall and playback. If 35 minutes of loops isn't enough for you, all you need to do is pop in an SDHC card for up to 16 hours of material and another 99 slots.
If you're a guitarist, you'll enjoy the added depth and layered elements that the JamMan Stereo Looper can add to your show. If you're a DJ, you'll love its reverse playback effect. Digitech also gave it a balanced microphone input, which makes it a great tool for vocalists. And no matter what, you'll appreciate the JamMan Stereo Looper's rugged, heavy-duty metal footstiches and robust design.
The DigiTech JamMan Stereo Looper has all of the features that make it an excellent stage tool that's easy to set up. You can connect it to your computer via USB and use the included Loop Librarian software to organize your loops before the show. Of course, looping on the fly with the JamMan Stereo Looper is also a snap. You can slow down and speed up your loops without affecting their pitch, and three different stop mode (Stop, Finish, and Fade) also help to make looping blend into the rest of your performance smoothly.DigiTech JamMan Stereo Looper Pedal Features at a Glance:
- Store over 35 minutes of stereo, CD-quality loops in 99 internal memories
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[USL PRO: Week 11] Defending champion Orlando City looks to extend its unbeaten streak to 12 games when it hosts the Charleston Battery on Saturday night. Orlando is coming off a 4-1 win over the NASL's Tampa Bay Rowdies, their I-4 archrival, in the U.S. Open Cup on Wednesday. It has not lost to a pro team since a 3-0 loss to MLS's Chicago Fire in its first preseason game in February.
Saturday's match will mark the third meeting between the two teams in the opening two months of the 2014 USL
PRO campaign. Orlando opened its title defense with a 1-1 draw at Blackbaud Stadium before securing a 1-0 win over the Battery at home to improve to 7-0-0 all-time against the Charleston Battery at
Midfielder Kevin Molino, who leads USL PRO with eight goals, added two more in the win over the Rowdies. All the scoring in that match came
in the first half.
Charleston fell to the Orlando City U23s of the PDL, 12-11, on penalties in its third round U.S. Open Cup match. The Battery had come back from two goals down in the
first half to tie the U23s but fell in a shootout that went 14 rounds.
USL PRO WEEK 11, Schedule:
Friday, May
7:35 pm ET
Rochester vs. Richmond
Saturday, May 31
7:00 pm ET
Charlotte vs. Wilmington
Harrisburg vs. Richmond
7:30 pm
Orlando City vs. Charleston
8:00 pm ET
OKC Energy FC vs. New York Red Bulls Reserves
10:00 pm ET
Orange County vs. Arizona Utd.
Sunday, June 1
4:00 pm ET
Seattle Sounders FC Reserves vs. LA Galaxy II
6:00 pm ET
Pittsburgh vs. Harrisburg
7:00 pm ET
Dayton vs. Rochester
Streaming: USL PRO YouTube |
USL PRO, Standings:
27 Orlando City 8-0-3 20/9
21 LA Galaxy II 6-2-3 24/13
Richmond 5-1-4 24/10
19 Sacramento 6-3-1 17/11
14 Wilmington 4-1-2 11/8
13 Charleston 3-4-4 11/8
13 Rochester 3-1-4 8/7
10 Arizona Utd. 3-4-1 6/16
9 Charlotte 3-5-0 10/12
8 Dayton 2-5-2 9/18
7 Harrisburg 2-4-1 8/14
6 OKC Energy 2-6-0 11/19
6 Orange County 2-7-0 9/18
3 Pittsburgh
0-6-3 8/18


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Nintendo is adding two more bundles featuring their DSi handheld to their roster that launch on Black Friday.
Both packages feature a DSi in either green or orange as well as a copy of Mario Party DS.
The bundles debut November 26 for $149.99, Nintendo said in a statement announcing the DSi packages.
Nintendo is also selling a red DSi XL bundle in honor of the 25th anniversary of Super Mario Bros. That package sells for $179.99 and includes a copy of the very popular Mario Kart DS.
Readers, buying a DS this holiday?
By Brett Molina
Mike Snider began covering the video game industry during the Super Nintendo-Sega Genesis clash in 1992. An original pinball wizard, he eventually was seduced by Robotron: 2084 and Tempest. These days he is a fan of action/shooters and lives out his Keith Moon fantasies playing a mean drum kit on music games. More about Mike.
Brett Molina has been writing about video games for USA TODAY since 2005. He is well-versed in Madden NFL, the fighting genre and first-person shooters. The first video game he played was Asteroids at a local arcade. He has been hooked ever since. More about Brett.


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Turkish Belly Dance (Oriyantal Dansi)
Belly dancing is very ancient in that part of the world that is now Turkey. Belly dance was preserved during the Middle Ages in the harems of the Ottoman Empire and the social dances of everyday people. Turkish belly dancing has been strongly influenced by the Romani (Gypsy) people as well as influences from ancient Goddess worshipping cultures.
Ozel Turkbas
The Moves: Turkish belly dance uses the belly dance moves and core belly dance techniques of classic bellydance in a generally more energetic, flamboyant, and bold manner than other versions of Eastern bellydance. The use of finger cymbals is common and there is often more athleticism in the moves. Floor work (movements done at floor level) is common and props are sometimes used. The expression of sexuality has been somewhat overt at times, especially in the Turkish bellydance nightclub performances of the 1970s and 1980s.
Music: In Turkish nightclubs, bellydancers perform to large orchestras that play Arabic music, often with a Roma (Gypsy) flair that is of a fast, energetic tempo. There are a variety of instruments including dumbeks (Arabic hand drums), violins, ouds (similar to a guitar), keyboards, oboes, and clarinets. A typical performance can last 30 minutes or more, containing a variety of tempos, rhythms, and melodies. More modern styles of Turkish music can include elements of electronic or world-beat music.
Costume: Turkish costumes, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, were notorious for their brevity and sexiness. The costumes are usually the typical decorated bra top and belly dance skirt with belt. However, often the skirts are made with less fabric than the American belly dance or Egyptian belly dance style, and are very brief, showing more of the dancer's body. Beaded belts are most common and there are matching accessories such as necklaces, arm and ankle bracelets, earrings, and headpieces. Sheer fabrics are usually used in the skirt and the costumes often have cutouts on the belts or bra/bodice. Typically, the look in Turkish belly dance costumes is sexy, playful, and flirtatious.
In recent years Turkish belly dance performances and costuming have toned down from the notorious '70s and '80s. Like most other styles of bellydance, it continues to evolve with new elements of movement interpretation, music, and costuming.
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Now many of those Facebook stores are closing.
A Bloomberg report this weekend pointed out that Gap, J.C. Penney, Nordstrom and GameStop have all opened and closed shops on Facebook within the past year - undermining expectations that the social network will become a major revenue driver for retailers over the next decade.
We just didn t get the return on investment we needed from the Facebook market, so we shut it down pretty quickly, Ashley Sheetz, VP of marketing and strategy at GameStop, told Bloomberg. For us, it's been a way we communicate with customers on deals, not a place to sell.
GameStop opened a store on Facebook in April 2011, and closed it six months later.
There was a lot of anticipation that Facebook would turn into a new destination, a store, a place where people would shop, Sucharita Mulpuru, an analyst at Forrester Research, added. "But it was like trying to sell stuff to people while they re hanging out with their friends at the bar.
The End of F-commerce?
Still, none of this proves that social networks don't have potential as sales channels. It may be that retailers simply haven't harnessed the power of these platforms in the right way.
In most cases, retailers have entered the f-commerce market by importing their online catalogs and making them available for purchase in a Facebook app. The experience is nearly identical to shopping on their websites, with two major differences: 1) Shoppers can complete their entire browsing and checkout experience without leaving facebook.com; and 2) the Facebook apps tend to work more slowly.
In other words, consumers have little to no incentive to shop via these Facebook apps.
Others simply have not dealt in enough volume - offering, say, just one item for purchase each month, or discounting one or two items for a short period.
Although these efforts have generated a fair amount of PR buzz, most of these companies are losing money on these efforts because development costs are so high, says Maureen Mullen, director of research and advisory services at luxury research and consulting firm L2.
Or the problem may be Facebook's competition. If spending time on Facebook is akin to spending time with your friends at a bar, Pinterest is more like heading to a craft fair, Forbes's Jeff Bercovici points out - you're there to browse and to shop, and brands are finding the platform worth investing in.
Facebook, at present, isn't built for that kind of shopping experience. But it could certainly build Pinterest-like tools to make it that way.
At the very least, Facebook has become an important traffic driver to retailers' websites. For instance, 1.9% of traffic to Burberry's website in September 2010 came from Facebook; a year later, 29.1% of site traffic was from the social network, Mullen wrote in an email to Mashable.
"[Burberry is] using the platform to drive traffic at a fraction of the cost of what it would have to pay on Google and other search engines. In addition a significant portion of that traffic and resulting sales is likely incremental," she added.
Mullen also pointed out that half of shoppers are logged in to Facebook while they shop on third-party ecommerce sites, which lets retailers "capture the massive amount of user data Facebook has," she says. Brands such as Smashbox and MAC are also incorporating friend recommendations within their ecommerce pages.
In other words, it's too soon to lament the demise of F-commerce. What we do know is that replicating retailers' ecommerce sites is not the way to go about generating revenue via Facebook, at least for now.
Image courtesy of iStockphoto, -Oxford-
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Gel Ballet with Silver Sparkles
Patricia Green's Gel Ballet is made of clear rubber embedded with sparkles and a footbed of either zebra or leopard print. The perfect accessory for your summer wardrobe.
These ever-chic Juicy Couture Rickey ballet flats are so adorable!
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another great pair of leopard ballet flats. this one has shearling on the inside, which makes it perfect for winter.
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adorable and affordable. what's not to love? add a dash of animal to any outfit.Tags: fashion, style, leopard, ballet, flats, animal prints, forever 21Added 9 Years Ago from Forever 21


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'Caring' for someone covers lots of different things, like helping with their washing, dressing or eating, taking them to regular appointments or keeping them company when they feel lonely or anxious.
If this sounds like you, changes to the way care and support is provided in England (from April 2015) mean you may be may be able to get more help so that you can carry on caring and look after your own wellbeing. This could be:
Also, you can request an assessment of your needs - this is called a carer's assessment.
To find out what types of support you may be eligible to receive and request a carer's assessment, the first step is to contact our social care customer contact centre:
Tel: (020) 8825 8000 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Social care customer contact centre
Tel: (020) 8825 8000
Email Social care


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The Brian Lehrer Show
Family Meeting: Rent
6 segments
Navigating the city's rental market requires pluck, luck and money. Lots and lots of money. Today's show is devoted entirely to a family meeting about rent. First, give and get advice on rent-related dilemmas. Then: everything you've ever wanted to know about your rights as a tenant (like when can you withhold rent from your landlord?). Plus: Alicia Glen, the deputy mayor for housing and economic development, on the mayor's affordable housing plan; how you feel about the home you rent; and your thoughts on how (new) tall buildings affect the character of your 'hood.


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The SV Steel Transport Chair from Drive Medical is everything you want and need in a transport chair. It's the perfect combination of durable, long-lasting value, dependability and never ending convenience. Specially designed for users and caregivers alike who need both durability and convenience that comes to you in the form of a steel frame that is forever strong, yet incredibly lightweight and easy to manoeuver, this specially built mobile aid is unbeatable. Unlike other traditional transport chairs, it lets you glide through home doorways, rooms and hallways with ease. You'll also appreciate that in addition to its light weight; it also folds up easily, and can be moved in and out of your vehicle quickly. The SV Steel transport Chair comes with a classy and stylish silver finish and is available with a 17" or 19" wide seat and with Fixed Full Arms or Detachable Desk Arms. For extra convenience, each also comes with footrests that swing away, making it especially easy for users to mount and dismount faster and safer. The attractive nylon upholstery makes this chair easy to clean while the armrests are amply padded to give you maximum comfort and support.Product Features:
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from Edison, NJ
Comments about BJs Wholesale Club Drive Medical Lightweight Steel Transport Wheelchair, Fixed Full Arms, 19" Seat:
Rare to be this pleased with a product and the ordering process. I placed the order through BJs.com and the very same day it shipped out and I received it the next day, no expedited shipping fee, just great prompt service. Free shipping, and what a great product for the price. Truly well-made and everything my Mom needs. Easy to fold and transport in my little sedan, takes up little room in the house when folded also. Thrilled with this purchase, very grateful, highly recommend!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Iwould buy this product again
By Connie
from Akron,Ohio
This product is very easy to use and very sturdy. It' the best around I think anyone he needs a transport chair should get this one
As Expected
By oswegofas
from illinois
This product is very easy to maneuver, light and collapsible as advertised.order entry process thru shipping and delivery were smooth and as expected on time.
Necessary for elder care!
By Caretaker sister
from Virginia Beach, VA
About Me Grandparent
I am elderly person who cares for sister. This is light enough for me to get into car. She is very heavy, so lightweight chair is a must for me.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Sturdy and comfortable
By VAZ
from Bellingham, MA
About Me Caregiver
Great to use for doctor visits
By Caregiver79
from Atco, nj
About Me Caregiver, Elderly, Long Term User
We use this to transport my grandfather to dr appointments or go to the store. He is only 165 lbs but this is perfect for him
Works great!
By Edk
from Monroe ny
About Me Short Term User
Fits in the car
Light, Strong and Reliable
By Lake Guy
from Massachusetts
About Me Caregiver, Long Term User
The chair arrived in good condition and took only seconds to put into use. Solid construction and easy to fold and lift into my vehicle.
great product
By mike
from L.I.,New York
Great quality transport chair. Easily folds to fit in car trunk. Great for getting the weak and frail out and about!!!!!!
I would buy this item again
By Pg
from Maryland
About Me Elderly
Very sturdy. Well made
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Item: 130940435 |
Model: TR39E-SV


text:
Pasta alla Formiana
trevor2's Review
Wow. This tasted like oregano stew. It will take a week for my tastebuds to recover. Did you mean 2 TEA spoons oregano?
Preheat oven to 450°. Spray an 8-inch square baking dish with cooking spray.
In food processor, blend crushed tomatoes and juice, chicken broth, and garlic. Pour into a medium saucepan and bring to a boil. Stir in uncooked pasta, 3 tablespoons olive oil, oregano, salt, and pepper.
Line bottom and sides of the baking dish with one-half to two-thirds of the tomato slices; pour in pasta mixture. Arrange remaining tomatoes on top. Drizzle with remaining olive oil.
Put dish on a rimmed baking sheet; bake 30 minutes, or until tomatoes are slightly crispy and pasta is cooked. Cool 5 minutes.


text:
Basecoat Did Not Adhere
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Streetbeasts lawsuit donor
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What a mess!!! reading through the original post i would say proper times and everything else was followed to the tee and I have no doubt, everything was activated properly and of most concern would be the primer as over activating can cause this but the time frame is very important as well as humidity and i don't think this is the case at all because even then it will not just come off but takes a good chip to work it loose.
Activating the base actually increases adhesion so we know that had nothing to do with it.
With the above it really only leaves 3 possible causes:
*Primer was sanded when very fresh and then sat to long and closed up cells.
*Waterborne cleaner was still in primer pours and broke adhesion as paint dried.
* first coat of base was dry sprayed or covered from over-spray if other parts of car were painted first.
My best guess would be primer closed up but the big flakes are acting like trapped cleaner and that confuses me, so I wonder could it be a combination of 1 and two 2? It kind of sounds like it.
You mise well bite the bullet and lay some two inch tape on the other panels and snatch off to see if you have adhesion in those spots.
If you do, that kind of points to 1+2 on the doors.
This is the best I can come up with but let me know and let me know what you need to finish doors up, if you are running short.
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text:
Street Brawl
Tackling one of New York City's giants—on his own turf.
Often the most illuminating books of social history serve two purposes: They dissect past events with clear understanding, and they reveal how those events inform the present day.
So it is with Wrestling with Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took On New York's Master Builder and Transformed the American City (Random House, 2009), an engaging and instructive work by Anthony Flint '84. While focused on a compelling conflict over the fate of a few blocks of Manhattan in the late 1950s, this book also establishes a context for today's battles over how—and especially where—the U.S. economy grows. Flint, a longtime reporter at the Boston Globe now working for the Boston-based Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, reveals how preserving communities enables both strong local economies and a flourishing local spirit.
The Moses of the book's title is not the leader from Scripture. But in the realms of urban development following World War II, Robert Moses was something of a minor deity. His city of the future was all streamlined modernism, sleek towers and efficient highways. Moses dominated the field of city planning and provided structures that stand to this day, especially in New York City: the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Triborough Bridge, the Cross Bronx Expressway, and more.
This medicine for urban congestion, however, had side effects. Neighborhoods were butchered, communities broken, and thousands of families driven from their homes. As head of an independent transportation agency, Moses had the power to designate properties as fit for condemnation, build projects, and levy tolls without government oversight or public accountability. As Flint convincingly argues, Moses answered to no one.
He therefore found an unexpected nemesis in Jane Jacobs, a writer on architecture who with her husband had purchased and restored a simple home in Greenwich Village. Moses proposed building a highway through nearby Washington Square Park, with the demolition of 130 buildings, elimination of local streets, and forced relocation of 150 families and countless businesses. Jacobs went to work, organizing neighbors, printing pamphlets, and winning friends in the city's political organization (including a young Ed Koch, the future mayor, who sometimes played his guitar in Washington Square Park).
When Jacobs thwarted the highway, Moses returned with a grander scheme—an urban renewal for the Village that would drive 600 families from their homes for what he called "the larger good" of new housing towers. Having seen identical displacement when Moses built Lincoln Center, Jacobs redoubled her efforts to ignite community opposition.
With that framework, Flint's story becomes about more than two development adversaries; it reveals a unique moment in history. America was used to following the lead of powerful white men like Moses, who scoffed that the opposition was only a bunch of, well, mothers. The nation was unaccustomed to reckoning with smart, determined women like Jacobs. In fact, her resistance led, predictably, to investigation for possible communist sympathies. And yet, by invigorating a community on its own behalf, she defeated the urban renewal plan—
a success that presaged the outspokenness that soon swept America. Only five years later, those same streets Jacobs had rescued birthed a blend of creativity and protest that redefined the individual's relationship to institutional authority, rewrote the rules of public discourse, and led a young troubadour to conclude that the answers to life's uncertainties were blowing in the wind.
Flint's narrative is convincing in part because his reporting is thorough. His characterization of Moses's ego, for example, is supported by quotations from his unpublished poems (so horrible they're guaranteed to make a reader cringe and grin). Likewise Flint captures Jacobs's gift for protest symbolism, for example holding a ribbon-tying ceremony at a site where the community hoped to prevent new construction.
One of the book's strengths is that its position is not absolute, noting for instance that history has been kind to Moses. Methods aside, his roads and bridges continue to serve millions of people. Similarly Jacobs's activism never fully addressed New York's chronic shortage of affordable housing.
Still, their conflict offers meaningful lessons for today. America is littered with big-box stores in former farm fields, while downtowns struggle to remain economically viable. New urbanism seeks to reaffirm the notions of sustainable economy and colorful community that Jacobs espoused. The streets Moses called "blighted" are now homes to NFL quarterbacks and their supermodel girlfriends. Community, as Flint ably proves, is worth the inefficiency.
"We all live in two worlds: the world we physically inhabit, and the world we carry within us," muses author Stephanie Saldaña '99. The newly minted Harvard Divinity School graduate arrives in Syria in September 2004 for a year's residence as a Fulbright Scholar. The Iraq War has thrown the entire Middle East into turmoil; Damascus teems with refugees. The city of outcasts and exiles seems a good fit for the 27-year-old as she flees fresh heartbreak and starts to question her own belief system.
In The Bread of Angels: A Journey of Love and Faith in Damascus (Doubleday, 2010), Saldaña beautifully details how she navigates two odysseys simultaneously. She confronts the external challenges of living as a stranger in a strange land, while facing even more daunting inner trials. Threads from her family's dark past, woven into the story of her year in Syria, illuminate how the shy Catholic girl from Texas ends up a restless voyager who feels "at home in countries with a history of war."
Buzzing with religious, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, Damascus welcomes the young American woman warmly. Saldaña's nuanced portrait of the vibrant Middle Eastern city contradicts stereotypes of Syria as anti-American and Islam as intolerant. As she explores the tangle of ancient religions and modern politics, she befriends a fascinating array of people. From them, she gains strength and wisdom that help her along a difficult emotional and spiritual path.
Her Fulbright mission is to study the Muslim view of Jesus. (In Islam, Jesus is a much-loved prophet who is human, not divine.) She must tackle practical matters first, however: finding lodgings, improving her knowledge of Arabic, and preventing her mind from wandering back to Boston and the man who suddenly stopped loving her.
She rents a room in a sprawling Ottoman-era house in the city's old Christian quarter. Her landlord becomes a grandfatherly protector, her 73-year-old "knight in shining polyester pants." At Damascus University, she joins the post-9/11 flood of foreign students—from American Mormons to radical Iranians—taking Arabic language classes. (At $200 a month, its intensive immersion program is the world's fastest, cheapest path to fluency.) Chatting with local street vendors becomes a way to practice vocabulary and to make the loud, energetic city feel like home.
But Saldaña also seeks refuge in the desert, at the remote Christian monastery of Mar Musa. Although she and God are "for the most part . . . no longer on speaking terms," she decides to undertake a grueling program called the Spiritual Exercises. During a month of silence and prayer, the desert becomes a mirror for deep inner reflection. She tries to understand why she carries "the broken world inside of [her] heart." Abbot Paolo and novice monk Frédéric patiently support Saldaña through her spiritual journey. When she returns to Damascus to study the Qur'an, she shares her lessons in letters to Frédéric.
The memoir encompasses "a year of such impossible richness" that it needs "no embellishment," the author notes. Saldaña has published previously as a poet and journalist, but this is her first book-length project. Her grace, wit, and unsparing honesty make The Bread of Angels a compelling chronicle.
Insights tumble forth as Saldaña witnesses history, learns Arabic's subtle gradations of meaning, and discovers surprising compassion and beauty in the Qur'an. Most moving is how profoundly she longs for a "partner in loneliness." And how God answers her prayer in a most unexpected way.
Saldaña's sweeping tale would work gloriously as fiction. Poignant and powerfully told, the story takes your breath away because it is true.
—Elisabeth Crean


text:
Merissa Aguilleira jumps up in delight as she celebrates West Indies' six-run win, New Zealand v West Indies, Women's World T20, semi-final, Mumbai, March 31, 2016 © IDI/Getty Images
Merissa Aguilleira plays over the infield on the leg side
© Getty Images
Carlos Brathwaite and Merissa Aguilleira pose at Mumbai's Marine Drive
© Getty Images
Merissa Aguilleira exults as Danielle Wyatt is bowled
© ICC/Getty
Merissa Aguilleira keeps her eyes on the prize
© IDI/Getty Images
Merissa Aguilleira leads the West Indies Women's team in a sing-along before the match
© IDI/Getty Images
Bismah Maroof drives down the ground
© WICB Media/Randy Brooks
Merissa Aguilleira struck five fours in her 67
© WICB Media/Brooks LaTouche Photography Ltd
Hayley Matthews does push ups in the presence of Deandra Dottin and Merissa Aguilleira
Merissa Aguilleira and Shaquana Quintyne celebrate a wicket
Charlotte Edwards, Suzie Bates and Merissa Aguilleira pose with the World T20 trophy
© WICB Media
Merissa Aguilleira flicks the bails to dismiss Sarah Taylor
Merissa Aguilleira attempts to stump Katie Perkins
© West Indies Cricket Board
Suzie Bates and Merissa Aguilleira at the toss
© West Indies Cricket Board
Merissa Aguilleira walks back after being bowled
© ICC/Getty
Merissa Aguilleira addresses the media ahead of the World Cup final
© Getty/ICC
Merissa Aguilleira and Jodie Fields with the Women's World Cup on the eve of the final
© Getty/ICC
Merissa Aguilleira and Shashikala Siriwardene ahead of their World Cup match
© MIG Club
West Indies, India, England and Sri Lanka captains pose with the trophy
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text:
When Willpower Isn't Enough Full Transcript
This is a transcript of the Freakonomics Radio podcast "When Willpower Isn't Enough".
[MUSIC: Seks Bomba, "It Takes Two to Tango" (from Somewhere In This Town)]
Stephen J. DUBNER: Hey, podcast listeners. You are about to hear the 200th original episode of Freakonomics Radio. Have you missed any? What about No. 19: "Waiter, There's a Physicist in My Soup, Part 1." Or No. 20 — yes, it's, "Waiter, There's a Physicist in My Soup, Part 2." How about No. 42, "The Upside of Quitting"? Or the game show we made, "Tell Me Something I Don't Know." That was No. 183. If you missed these or any others — they are all there for the taking, for free, at iTunes or wherever else you get your podcasts, and also at Freakonomics.com — just go to Freakonomics.com, find the "Radio" tab and select the archives. Thanks for listening to some or maybe even all of these 200 episodes. And thanks especially to those of you who've chosen to donate money to help make Freakonomics Radio. Our producing partner is WNYC, a public-radio station, and one of their most important streams of revenue is listener donations. So while you're at Freakonomics.com rooting through our archives, go ahead and click on the donate button you'll see there. Your money goes to WNYC, which, in addition to producing Freakonomics Radio, makes great shows and podcasts like RadioLab; Death, Sex, and Money; On the Media, New Tech City, many more. I will say this: the people who listen to Freakonomics Radio are famous around here for their high rate of giving. So what are you waiting for? Join the crowd! Give us your money! And maybe we'll make another 200 episodes — although that seems like a lot. At the moment, I'm not sure we'll even make 2 more (well, I can probably commit to 2). The fact is, this podcast is so much fun to make, I'll probably still be making it when I'm 200. Did I mention I got hold of some killer life-extension drugs the other day? So please give us a hand by going to Freakonomics.com, and click donate. Your grandchildren will thank you — as I do now.
[MUSIC: Vagabond Opera, "Ganef" (from The Zeitgeist Beckons)]
Katherine MILKMAN: So I struggle at the end of a long day to get myself to the gym even though I know I should go. And at the end of a long day, I also struggle with the desire to watch my favorite TV shows instead of getting work done. And so I actually realized that those two temptations, those two struggles I face, could be combined to solve both problems.
[MUSIC: Alan Fagan, "Brazilian Breeze" (from World Music)]
DUBNER: That's Katy Milkman.
MILKMAN: And I'm an assistant professor at the Wharton School, where I study behavioral economics and how people make choices.
DUBNER: Okay, which might lead one to think that you are an economist by training, which would make one wrong, correct?
MILKMAN: That's right. My background is actually that I have a Ph.D. in computer science and business, a joint Ph.D. those two fields. But I spend a lot of time hanging around economists and got really interested in this new field.
DUBNER: This "new field" that Milkman mentioned, behavioral economics, is something we talk about a lot on this program. It is essentially a marriage of psychology and economics. It is inhabited by people who wish to blend the economist's view of incentives with the psychologist's view that most people don't respond to incentives as rationally as economic theory would predict. It was behavioral economics that years ago got me interested in economics in the first place. Behavioral economics may not seem as consequential as macroeconomics or labor economics – but, I would argue, it can offer tremendous leverage when properly applied. One well-placed nudge can go a very long way. It is also a field that appreciates simple, clever solutions. Like something that Katy Milkman's been working on. She calls it "temptation bundling."
[MUSIC: Madrona Music, "Stay With Sly" (from Madrona Music Volume 1)]
MILKMAN: I invented that phrase, although I'm sure many other people had invented the same solution that I came up with and used that phrase to describe.
DUBNER: Here's how it works, in Milkman's own case:
MILKMAN: What I realized is that if I only allowed myself to watch my favorite TV shows while exercising at the gym, then I'd stop wasting time at home on useless television, and I'd start craving trips to the gym at the end of a long day because I'd want to find out what happens next in my show. And not only that, I'd actually enjoy my workout and my show more combined. I wouldn't feel guilty watching TV, and time would fly while I was at the gym. So when I talk about temptation bundling, I mean combining a temptation — something like a TV show, a guilty pleasure, something that will pull you into engaging in a behavior, with something you know you should do but might struggle to do.
DUBNER: It's a nice idea, isn't it? As is often the case, ideas that seem new in academia have in fact been running wild in the real world for quite some time. As we learned when we solicited your examples of temptation bundling:
VOICE: My temptation bundle is to listen to Freakonomics podcast while I'm running. I'm doing it right now.
VOICE: What I like to do is skip an afternoon of work and go the movies after my annual pap smear.
VOICE: I really wish my temptation bundle was acceptable but … it would be drinking at work.
ANNOUNCER: From WNYC: This is FREAKONOMICS RADIO, the podcast that explores the hidden side of everything. Here's your host, Stephen Dubner.
[MUSIC: Leopold and His Fiction, "Katie Mae" (from Ain't No Surprise)]
DUBNER: So I would love to know how you describe the unifying view of your research, which we're going to talk about today. And, so here's, here's the way I would describe it, maybe, is that there are a lot of activities that most of us consider "should" activities, and then there are a lot of ways that we avoid those "should" activities. And you try to identify the gap and look for ways to close the gap that are not too intrusive or costly or painful… That was my lame attempt to present your worldview. Let me hear it from you.
MILKMAN: I love your attempt to present my worldview. I think it's much more cohesive. Actually one of the things that I think is always funny is whenever someone – I'm at a cocktail party, and I'm with my husband, and someone asks me what I do, I say, "Well, actually, he'll describe it better than I will." Because I get so focused on the little details that it's hard to actually step back and see the big picture. But I think your description is beautiful. So I think, in short, I struggle a lot with willpower. And I find it difficult at the end of a long day to get to the gym. I find it difficult to stick to my diet. I find it difficult to stick to my goals more generally, and what I have found curious in the world, one of the things I've found curious is why and what I can do to solve those problems for myself and for others. And that's where a lot of my research focuses.
[MUSIC: Mambo Zombies, "Mini Skirt" (from Mambo Zombies)]
DUBNER: Okay, so let's start with temptation bundling.
MILKMAN: So what if you only let yourself get a pedicure while catching up on overdue emails for work. Or what if you only let yourself listen to your favorite CDs while catching up on household chores. Or only let yourself go to your very favorite restaurant whose hamburgers you crave while spending time with a difficult relative who you should see more of. Those would all be examples of temptation bundling.
DUBNER: Gotcha. Okay, so the key is that the activity that you want to do is constrained, you can only do it when you're doing the other activity. So that sounds to some degree like a commitment device, which we've talked about on the show before. And our examples were — so I'll give you a couple of our strange examples of commitment devices. One was this guy who wanted to get healthy. He wanted to lose weight but he wanted to get healthy – he had a new kid. So he drew up a list of prohibitions, everything from alcohol to junk food to pornography, on and on and on and if he violated them, then he would force himself to write a check to Oprah Winfrey, who he hated more than anything in the world for whatever reason. Steve Levitt had a diet idea also which was for people who wanted to lose weight…
LEVITT: One thing I know would work is just take a little can, like say a baby food jar and fill it with vomit. Okay? And wear it around your neck. And every time you decide that you're hungry just open the jar and take a little sniff. And I guarantee you, you will lose weight. Guaranteed.
DUBNER: So those are commitment devices of some sorts. I'm curious to know whether you see temptation bundling as a commitment device, or it's a, more of a first cousin somehow?
MILKMAN: I see temptation bundling as a new type of commitment device with some distinct features from standard commitment devices. So a standard commitment device typically provides some consequence if you fail to engage in the intended behavior. And so this is a little different. What we're doing here is basically combining two commitments with each other and they sort of fit like puzzle pieces. So you're using something that's instantly gratifying to create a pull to provide the motivation you need to do something that's unpleasurable at the moment of engagement. And then the other component that's different is that you can actually have complementarities, which is an econ-speak term for peanut butter and jelly, two things that would go better together and are more enjoyable together than they would be separately. And so, one of the neat things about, for instance, only allowing yourself to watch your favorite TV show while you're at the gym, is the fact that you might actually enjoy your workout more and you might enjoy the TV show more when you do them together, whereas a traditional commitment device just penalizes some behavior.
DUBNER: Great. Okay, so in theory, I'm sure everybody hearing this says, "Oh man, Katy, that's brilliant. That is such a good way to approach problem-solving." So that's the theory at least, but now you need to find out if in practice it works. So talk about what you did to find out if temptation bundling could actually improve outcomes.
MILKMAN: Absolutely. So we ran an experiment actually at the gym at the University of Pennsylvania with a bunch of participants who told us that they wanted to exercise more. And we randomly assigned…
DUBNER: How did you find these subjects in the first place?
MILKMAN: We posted flyers all over the campus, we sent out email blasts to every listserv we could find, and the people who came told us they desperately wanted to exercise more and they also had to have an iPod to be in our study and they had to belong to the University of Pennsylvania gym so that they could enter and exit as they pleased.
DUBNER: Okay, good.
MILKMAN: So we took these participants who wanted to exercise more and we randomly assigned them through a coin toss to one of several different groups. The first experimental group was a treatment group. And these participants came in and they had their iPod with them, and we told them that we were actually going to give them a new iPod in addition to the one that they already had that would be preloaded with four tempting audio novels of their choice. So we had a list of 82 books that had been pre-rated as extremely tempting and difficult to put down once you get engaged. So these are books like The Da Vinci Code and The Hunger Games.
THE HUNGER GAMESAUDIOBOOK: The rules of the Hunger Games are simple. In punishment for the uprising, each of the twelve districts must provide one girl and one boy, called tributes, to participate.
MILKMAN: Participants choose the four that appeal most to them, load them on this loaned audio novel device, an iPod, and then they take them to the gym and they do a 30-minute workout while listening to the first audio novel.
DUBNER: I have to say that it's so flattering as a writer that you are treating hearing a book as the treat that people get for having to work out. That's so awesome.
MILKMAN: It is awesome. I love that it works too. I do suspect that TV would have been even more tempting and enticing, but, but I think there are some novels that really grab you and, in fact, actually almost half of the participants in our study at the time when we ran it chose The Hunger Games. It was really popular right then. It was a fabulous book for this study, I think, because it's so addictive once you get into it – it's just impossible to put the book down because you desperately want to know what happens.
THE HUNGER GAMESAUDIOBOOK: Happy Hunger Games! And may the odds be ever in your favor!
DUBNER: You only have access to the audio version of the book when you're at the gym, correct?
MILKMAN: That's right. So the participants in our study, they listen to the first 30 minutes and then they're told — and this is while exercising — they're told if they want to hear what happens next, they'll have to come back to the gym where we're going to hold this iPod we've loaned them in a locked, monitored locker that they can only check out when exercising. So that's the first experimental group.
DUBNER: Yep.
MILKMAN: The second experimental group has a very similar experience. They also get tempting audio novels. They also listen to the first 30 minutes. But this time those tempting audio novels are loaded onto their personal iPods and they also do the workout for 30 minutes while listening to the novel, but they are told, "Why don't you try to only listen while exercising, but we won't enforce it." So we want to see if people can actually self-impose this rule successfully, which would be great, because if we can just educate people about this strategy and that's all we need to do and that can have a benefit, that means it's a really easy job to roll out temptation bundling to the world.
DUBNER: Great, okay.
MILKMAN: Finally, we have our third group, which is actually a control group. And the control group, instead of receiving a tempting audio novel, they received an equally valued gift certificate to Barnes & Noble, and they also completed a thirty minute workout at the beginning of the study, but not while listening to a novel. They could do whatever they wanted. They had their iPods, so maybe they listened to music, maybe they listened to a novel, they could do whatever they wanted, but we didn't control that. And we simply encouraged them to exercise more.
DUBNER: Okay. So you've got the three groups. The ones who can only listen to the novel that you get them addicted to while at the gym.
MILKMAN: Yes.
DUBNER: The second group who you give them the addictive material but they don't have to come to the gym to listen to it. And then the third group who don't even get the addictive material, unless they go out and buy it themselves with the money you gave them. Right? Those are the three groups?
MILKMAN: Those are the three groups. I'd add to the middle group that gets the addictive material and doesn't have to listen to it at the gym, that we strongly encourage them to only allow themselves to listen…
DUBNER: I see. Okay.
MILKMAN: …when they're at the gym. So it's framed as, "Try to only use this to lure yourself to the gym." As opposed to, "Here's just some material." So they're given the tool, in a sense. They're just not given the restriction. They have to self-impose it.
DUBNER: Okay, so three groups. The data you collected for…people went for a minimum of 9 weeks I believe you said, yes?
MILKMAN: That's right. That's our follow-on period. So basically what we're doing is we have this period at the end of that they're paid for being in the study, dismissed, they fill out some survey measures and we thank them. So our critical period is whether or not they exercise more during those 9 weeks, while we're imposing these different rules on them and giving them access to temptation bundling.
DUBNER: Okay.
MILKMAN: And so what we see is that for the first 7 weeks of our study, the full treatment group exercises significantly more than the control. And the group that's given access to the audio novels and asked to just self-impose the rules, right in between the two. So that's good news in a sense. They're actually, they look a bit better than the control initially. And so, that seems like maybe people can actually do this for themselves, although they're not doing as well as the people who have the full, binding commitment that we've provided. And then we see a little bit of wear-off. And then over 7 weeks this is working. Participants then on the 7th week go home-it's Thanksgiving break, the gym is closed. When they come back, we look at the data and we see that the effect is completely eliminated. So when they come back, they seem to have forgotten about their novels, perhaps, and they are no longer motivated by temptation bundling. So on the one hand, this is actually kind of neat because it suggests that wanting to know what happens next in your novel may really be what's driving our effects as we'd hoped, because forced separation is the one thing we know reduces cravings. But it also means we have more work to do to figure out how to re-engage people with temptation bundling after time away from the gym.
DUBNER: For the people in the first group, the treatment group, who can only hear the material at the gym, do they actually have to be working out at the gym to hear it? Or can they just come and get the iPod out of the locker and listen to the novel while sitting and drinking a milkshake or something?
MILKMAN: That's a great question. When we did the study, we had no way of forcing them to work out while they were listening to the novel. We did actually have- there are security folks who sit right by the locker where these things are being held and we asked them whether or not they saw people coming and sitting, hanging out. They said the people who were coming to the locker were coming to work out and they were in their workout clothes. But that's anecdotal rather than empirical. What would be really cool is if we had Fitbits for instance on everyone and could actually track how much exercise they're doing. And I'm doing new research right now, now that Fitbits are much more widely distributed than they were when I ran this study, where we are trying to do things like that, where we actually track physical activity, not just in this case all we could track is whether or not they enter and exit the gym.
DUBNER: Awesome. And I'm guessing there are so many places you can go with that because you could see pace and intensity and all different kinds of things that work out depending on material and inspira- you know.
MILKMAN: Exactly, exactly, yeah. There are so many neat things you can see with Fitbit data.
[MUSIC: The Jaguars, "The Swagger" (fromMy Generation)]
DUBNER: There are also a lot of neat things that Milkman can envision doing with temptation bundling more generally:
MILKMAN: One thing you could do is imagine building this into an app, for instance, that let you create certain geo locations like all the gyms you belong to or the only gym you belong to, where you can access tempting content on your iPod, and then set restrictions. So you could say, "I can only access this content at those tempting locations."
DUBNER: And then there's what she calls "GymFlix."
MILKMAN: Gymflix is one of my favorite suggested products. So imagine that you took a company like Netflix and you called it Gymflix and you let people set aside certain TV shows for gym-only access, my research suggests that a product like that might be very attractive to people.
DUBNER: Coming up on Freakonomics Radio: what do you think is the most common temptation that is bundled by Freakonomics Radio listeners?
VOICE: I like to drink Scotch while I fold laundry.
VOICE: I like to enjoy a cold beer while I clean the house.
VOICE: A drink that I love making…I call it the nectar of the gods.
DUBNER: And we explore what Katy Milkman calls the "fresh-start effect":
CUTE CHILD VOICE: Like, when I wake up sometimes, I feel sometimes that I'm a new person…
MALE VOICE: I went vegetarian, like, on my birthday in 1997.
FEMALE VOICE: My birthday's coming up in two weeks and I'm just tired of being fat.
ANNOUNCER: From WNYC: This is FREAKONOMICS RADIO. Here's your host, Stephen Dubner.
[MUSIC: Greg Ruby Quartet, "Easy for You to Say" (from Look Both Ways)]
DUBNER: We are talking with Katy Milkman of the Wharton School at Penn. She's been doing research on "temptation bundling," and how it can help motivate us to do the things we ought to be doing but, left to our own devices, might not do. Milkman has also been doing research on what she calls the "fresh-start effect."
MILKMAN: So the work I've done on the "fresh-start effect" was actually motivated by giving a talk out at Google a couple of years ago and telling them about some of the different tools I had done research on that can be helpful to getting people to do things like exercise and get flu shots and follow through on various other goals that they intend to follow through on, but sometimes fail to. And one of the HR folks at Google asked me this great question while I was out there. He said, "You know, we see that there are all these tools available and we'd love to roll them out and try to promote them to our employees to encourage more long-term focused behaviors, but do you have a sense of when it would be best to deploy these tools? What is the best time?" And we just hadn't looked at that in my research group. So that's actually what motivated the work I've done on the "fresh-start effect."
DUBNER: Right. And what kind of tools were they trying to roll out?
MILKMAN: So I had actually talked about the idea of temptation bundling, so that was one of the things I had presented. I had also presented some of my research showing that if you prompt people to form concrete plans about exactly when they intend to follow through on a given behavior — in this case it was getting a flu shot or getting a colonoscopy — even in the privacy of their own home, if they're just prompted to think through privately the date and time when they intend to do that, that actually increases follow-through quite significantly and substantially. So those are the tools that I had just presented, and they said, "When do we roll these out?" And I sat back and I scratched my head and I thought, you know, well, we know about the New Year's effect.
[MUSIC: Hillbilly Hellcats, "I Dig Jazz" (from Rev It Up With Taz)]
DUBNER: We do know about the New Year's effect — that a lot of people make resolutions that they at least try to keep. Here are a few samples from people we spoke with …
FEMALE VOICE: So my resolution for New Year's was to smile more (laughs).
MALE VOICE: I make the same one every year: eat less, [BEEP] more.
FEMALE VOICE: I mean, it was New Year's last year, and I did start doing yoga and now I do go three times a week, and it's only to stop the inevitable decline of my person, because I'm 33, but I think it's the best thing I've done for myself in a long time, and it was New Year's.
MALE VOICE: Is it a resolution if your wife decides that you can't wear tube socks anymore? That was a resolution because they were thrown away! (laughs)
MILKMAN: We create these resolutions and there's a lot of social support for that kind of thing, so it's not clear that that is anything besides a social norm or a social ritual, but I wondered if there might be something more to it. And in particular one of the things that struck me is that at the start of a new year, we feel like we have a clean slate. It's the "fresh start effect," in essence, that I feel at the beginning of a new year is driven by the fact that last year's behind me, all of my past failures are from last year and I can think, "Those are not me. That's old me. That's not new me. New me isn't going to make these mistakes." And so I thought, if that's true, if that's part of what's going on at the beginning of a new year, then there should be lots of other cycles that show that pattern as well. So we should see the same kinds of dissociation from our past failings and the same motivation to do better on this cycle at the beginning of a new week, at the beginning of a new month, following birthdays when we feel like we're beginning a new cycle in our own lives, following holidays, which may stand apart from other dates and create the start of a new cycle for us personally as well.
DUBNER: So talk about the evidence you have and where the evidence comes from – what you go looking for, where are you getting the data to do that?
MILKMAN: Yeah well, so the first — the very first data set we explored, actually was maybe very natural given the idea originated at Google. The first thing we did is we downloaded searches for the term "diet" on Google. And diet, by the way, is the most popular New Year's resolution. It's the thing that we most struggle with and that applies to me as well. So we downloaded daily search volume for this term over the course of eight years, which you can get from Google. And what we did is we looked to see whether or not there were any particular moments when it bounced up, and whether or not, in fact, it was consistent with our hypothesis, which was that people would search more for the term "diet" at the beginning of a new week, month, year and following holidays. And we found, indeed, that that's exactly the case in that data set. So we see bigger effects for dates that feel like fresh starts. And if we look at placebo terms, something like weather, news, that people often search for, we don't see those patterns. So it's something distinct happening when we look at the term diet. So that was our very first exploration and we got all excited about what we saw, and we said, "Well, let's see. That's just information search, information gathering. What about real behavior?" So we actually went to this data set on all of the visits to the gym by undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania, which we had at our fingertips, and said, "Maybe we'll see it in gym visits, too." And when we looked at that data, what we saw is that people visit the gym, the very same undergraduate in fact, we can look within student and see that the very same undergraduate is more likely to visit the gym at a start of a new week, month, year, following holidays and following birthdays–with the notable exception of 21st birthdays. And I'll let you speculate as to why that might be different.
DUBNER: I'm guessing alcohol may be involved…
MILKMAN: I'm letting you speculate. I don't have, I don't have any data on exactly why. But, you know, my speculation may or may not have gone in the same direction.
[MUSIC: Madrona Music, "Stomp It"]
DUBNER: Judging by the submissions you sent when we asked for your examples of temptation bundling – I'd say that yes, alcohol may be involved.
VOICE: I like to drink Scotch while I fold laundry.
VOICE: If I don't work out, I don't drink beer, that's my tradeoff.
VOICE: My name is Philip Nielson and I live in Sweden and my temptation bundle is actually cleaning my apartment before going out for drinks with my friends.
DUBNER: So, okay, so I'm thinking of the different ways that one might look at this "fresh start effect." So, so one would be that, you know, the beginning of a new year or maybe a new school term, or some new, you know, some demarcation of time that feels like your past is behind you and your future is ahead of you, and then you embark on this thing. And theoretically that thing you embark on is better for you. But then, talk about the degree to which people fall off. And the implication is that it's bad to fall off, but I guess I'm thinking, well maybe this activity they were trying to change or add to wasn't that important to them.
MILKMAN: That's interesting. Yeah, I mean there's a lot of fall-off with New Year's resolutions or with any goal that we're pursuing with anything that requires will power.
[MUSIC: Spencer Garn, "Living In Harmony"]
MALE: New Year's, I always say, "I need to stop smoking cigarettes." And I always revert back to smoking a couple days after.
MALE: You know, I find that resolutions are tough, like I try to meditate more in the new year and it doesn't go well.
FEMALE VOICE: For the new year, yeah, you say you're going to lose weight or do something like that…then by February, egh, fell off.
MILKMAN: Some people say, "That means why even bother in the first place? Why even form New Year's resolutions if you're going to fall off?"
DUBNER: Right.
MILKMAN: I think there's a few different responses to that. One is you sort of can't hit a home run if you don't swing. So it's never going to work if you don't start, and I think that, that suggests that we want fresh-start moments to motivate people and hopefully eventually they'll actually hit the homerun, even if they fall off a bunch of times. So that's one answer. Another answer is that sometimes actually the behavior just takes a tiny bit of effort. So there are some things we can do that are just a one-time decision and they make a huge impact on the rest of our lives, for instance, if you just sign up for a 401(k) plan just once, then you're going to be saving forever after. Or if you just get your flu shot, you only have to do that once a year and then it has benefits for the remainder of the year. A lot, a lot of different medical procedures have that characteristic, where if you could just get people to do it once every so often, even at low frequency, like a colonoscopy once every ten years could be enough to save many lives. So I think we can also think about the "fresh start effect" as having a lot of benefits for those kind of one-time behaviors with huge, huge downstream consequences that are positive.
DUBNER: Okay. So considering that you've identified this and found it, and found evidence for it in the data, what can you do about it? How can you use this knowledge to help people make more pro-social choices?
MILKMAN: Yeah, that's a great question. Well, I think there's a bunch of different implications. So one thing we've tried is just reminding people that a given day is a fresh start. So, for instance, we have one experiment where we reminded people that a certain day was the first day of spring. And we experimentally compared people who we reminded a certain day was the first day of spring, with another group that we didn't. And the group that got that first day of spring reminder was more motivated to pursue their goals and receive a reminder about their goals specifically on the first day of spring, when it was labeled as such. And so, you can think about just reframing a given day, reminding someone that it is an opportunity for a fresh start is one intervention that might increase engagement in fresh start behaviors. You could also think about just asking people to do things that are good for them on fresh-start dates. So you might try to roll out, for instance, a planning prompt campaign or offer people an opportunity to sign up for a commitment device or for a temptation bundling device on a fresh start date when we know their natural inclination and their motivation to do things like exercise and diet — and, by the way, we also found the "fresh start effect" with non-health related goals, so looking at things like financial goals and educational goals. So whatever it is that they're striving to do, if we provide them with the tools they need at a moment when they're feeling fresh, they may be more likely to take advantage of those tools and start a good, new habit.
[MUSIC: Ruby Velle & The Soulphonics, "Looking For A Better Thing" (from It's About Time)]
DUBNER: Alright, so, Katy, let me play devil's advocate for a minute. It's more like jerk's advocate; not so much devil's advocate. But why should smart, motivated people like you have to work so hard to nudge and trick people into taking better care of themselves, for instance? Why not just let Darwinian forces do their thing and weed out the people who are too lazy to go to the gym or to get a vaccine?
MILKMAN: There are a lot of different answers. One could be that you simply want to see better outcomes for people who maybe didn't realize what they needed to do or were too busy to figure out what they needed to do. So this is one way of helping people who maybe really would do this if they had the time and energy and education. Another answer would be that there's huge social benefits, right? So even selfishly, we all pay the costs when other people fail to exert the willpower needed to take care of themselves. And so, you can even think of a selfish reason for engaging in this kind of research and providing these kinds of nudges, which is that society is going to pay the cost when bad things happen to people who didn't take care of themselves. But I like to think of it as a more altruistic motive.
DUBNER: Can I just say for the record that I don't really agree with the jerk's advocate argument, I just wanted to hear what you'd say.
MILKMAN: (Laughs) I know.
DUBNER: I'm on your side.
DUBNER: Maybe Katy Milkman's research has inspired you to harness the fresh-start effect. But, maybe you need one more nudge, a bit of further inspiration to follow. If that's the case, we will leave you with some more of your examples that we gathered along the way.
MALE VOICE: I'm not a particularly religious person, but during Yom Kippur, I think about some of the things that I haven't done particularly well that year and some of the things I want to improve upon the next year.
MALE VOICE: My grandmother, she died from smoking. So, I remember, I used to smoke cigarettes with my friends all the time in high school. As soon as she died, it was like it's over. I was like: "Why?" Like, "That's it. I'm not smoking cigarettes ever again." But now I just smoke weed, but… (laughs). Yeah, that's a better solution.
FEMALE VOICE: Last August was my birthday and I turned 25 and something that was a long-term goal for me was to apply to grad school. So after I celebrated my birthday, I started with the application process for all the grad schools.
MALE VOICE: Leaving a job is probably the perfect, sort of, fresh start moment.
BRITISH MALE VOICE: So generally, in the morning I make better decisions than I do at the…in the evening, let's put it that way.
FEMALE VOICE: I think that every day, honestly, you can start fresh. So let's say I went out to dinner the night before and I ate a lot of sweets and carbs, the next day, I wake up and instead of beating myself up about it, I try to eat a little bit better that day.
This is a transcript of the Freakonomics Radio podcast "When Willpower Isn't Enough".