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Moving into rented accommodation in the catchment area-when can I safely move back?(307 Posts)
I am thinking of renting a property in the catchment area of a secondary school. Once I have done this and my child is given a place (presuming everything has gone to plan and the catchment area has not all off the sudden become even smaller etc), how much longer do I need to live there before I can move safely back to our house outside the catchment area? As soon as I have filled in the application? As soon as my child is offered the place? As soon as my child has actually started in September? I actually called the LEA to ask this question and they were not sure. I asked a different LEA the same question about another school and they said that I could move out of the catchment area as soon as the application form was received! They seemed puzzled by my question though, understandably, and not sure if I trust their answer.
Of course buying gives you the right to send your dcs to the local school even if you have no intention of living there
No - it is still cheating and treated as such whether she lived in that house or not. Obtaining an extra home for admissions purposes (however you obtain it) is not allowed if you then move back to the original address (or never leave it in the first place).
You have to be a bit careful assuming that everyone who gets in from out of catchment is fiddling the system though.
There may be things you don't know about. If a child is statemented, they can choose a school regardless of distance criteria. If a child has been adopted from care, they get priority for all schools now. If a child has a medical or social need (not necessarily 'visible' ones), they may get priority at some schools too.
These are things other parents might not share with you and that you probably wouldn't know from any other source.
If you suspect a fraudulent application, you can report it to the LA. In the case of statemented and adopted children, the LA will already know why these children got priority. They won't tell you but will reassure you that the allocation was correct.
In the case of people buying or renting extra homes, the LA will look at the address which was used on the application, dig deeper into other addresses the family may have and check whether the application address was used short term just for schools.
The child I know isn't statemented etc. The mum overshares on everything and would probably tell me how she got the place if I bothered to ask. I just assumed their application was successful maybe because of lower numbers in the year she applied but when I looked at the application data I realised that they must have done something else to get a place. It isn't a school I would choose and I doubt that the dc will stay there as they have a place at different school lined up for the future.
MrsGrowBag - In London the borough council collects council tax and handles school admissions. In an area like yours the county council may contact the district authority to ask for checks on council tax and electoral roll information.
goodvibrationsrgood - I would be happy to advise on any appeal. As Tiggytape says, you should probably start a separate thread. I have come across this approach to distance before. In my view it should be avoided because of the anomalies it can throw up - not just the one you highlighted.
I know someone who did this. They moved down the road. They were already contributing to the local community but didn't have the extra 200,000 to buy the same size house in catchment. Ironically both parents were teachers in diff boroughs but taught in very deprived schools, so prob benefitting society more than others.
They moved back halfway through year 7.
They took the risk and it paid off. I assume this is was some time ago when there were less checks. If not, they should probably keep quiet about it since it is possible they can still get caught and lose the place.
Not everyone gets caught but parents aren't 'safe' even if they dont get caught initially. One of the other posters here knows a boy kicked out of school half way through Year 8 because his parents cheated and who was devastated by it.
And being a teacher in a deprived area, or a thoroughly nice human being who contributes to the local community, doesn't excuse the fact that this is wrong and directly causes misery to other families.
Lots of people cannot afford to live near good schools or in houses they want. Cheating doesn't even things up since the people who lose out are those in cheaper housing on the edge of catchment not the people in the expensive houses near the school of the type your friend couldn't afford.
All theyve done is push out another child and another family who probably had a similar income and similar choices to them (and may also have been nice people who help in their community).
Some people say that they only consider doing what the OP suggests (or think it would be OK) because schools vary so much, and until all schools are good, think it acceptable.
A point that might be worth making is that this scramble to obtain places in 'the best' school, through fair means or foul, actually windens the gulf between 'honeypot' schools and the rest, and mitigates against exactly what people say they want - good schools available to all.
If parents with money, interest in education and determination to do well by their children are more evenly distributed between schools - so if some go to the 'less desirable' schools through being in their catchment area - then that is an agent of change that will in time birn gup the standard of those schools. If, on the other hand, all or many of such parents do whatever it takes to go to the 'honeypot' school, then the gulf between that school and the less desirable ones gets wider and wider.
In the case I know it was to get into a grammar school so the child would have had to pass the 11+.
I don't think you can lay all the blame for failing schools at the door of parents who seek to cheat the system. I don't condone cheating at all but I witnessed an outstanding school become a special measures school in under two years. The parents hadn't changed but the head had and his incompetence had a devastating effect on the school. Bearing in mind the cohort of parents I wouldn't have expected the change to be so dramatic and so quick but it was.
It has taken 8 years to turn the school around and it still has a considerable way to go to be back to outstanding. Ds will have left primary school by then.
I was not implying that fraudulent applications are the main factor behind 'failing' schools in any way.
I would, however, make a distinction, which Ofsted / Gove / league tables often fail to do, between schools that have lower results as a result of an intake skewed towards children of lower ability / higher disadvantage (e.g. secondary moderns in full grammar areas, schools in some very deprived areas) who nevertheless make good progress FOR THEM and schools which fail their intake through not enabling them to make good progress from their starting points.
In a school of the former type, in which children make very good or even exceptional progress from their starting points (but which are often locally regarded as the 'bad' schools because of the nature of their intake), a re-balancing of the intake through the entry of children from the type of decently-off, educationally-savvy parents I referred to above may well have a strongly positive impact on the school.
In a school such as you refer to, where incompetent leadership, complacency, instability or poor teaching means that children do not makw the progress that they should, then I agree that the arrival of a slightly different cohort of children would make little difference.
Sorry, I wasn't referring to fraudulent applications when I mentioned the local school. All I was trying to say is schools can go from outstanding to failing without any move from parents. The school I am thinking of failed within one year of the appointment of a new head. Everyone was shocked at how quickly it deteriorated bearing in mind the majority of the staff were the same as under the old head.
Biso, absolutely that can happen. However, IME it can also be that skeletons can tumble out of cupboards under new heads that nobody suspected were there under the old one!
I have direct experience of a school in which a long-established head appeared to keep a school on an even keel, only to disappear just before Ofsted and for a new head to uncover HUGE issues. To the parents, it must have looked as if the new head created the issues, whereas in actual fact they only ceased to conceal them....
Another thing to point out as far as cheating the system because "X school I'm in the catchment for is horrible and I don't want my child to go there":
My foster daughter's school, as I've said before, has a drug problem, she got involved with drugs through some of the older kids. She's spent the best part of year 11 getting wasted with her (expelled) BF when she should be in lessons and the school made a bloody halfhearted attempt to deal with it. This is the school she ended up at after missing out on the 'outstanding' school by a couple of metres, in an area where people are known to rent in order to get into the 'outstanding' school and avoid this one. When she got involved with the drugs, the reason many parents tried to avoid this school, she was still living at home with her mum, who was completely disengaged and unsupportive.
I have taught in a number of failing secondaries with such problems, including this one. Trust me, the kids of those on this thread who have/are planning on renting/cheating to avoid these schools are NOT the kids I worry about getting caught up in the drugs. The reason is simple: the parents are engaged enough and concerned enough about their child's wellbeing to support them, to listen to them, and to teach them the difference between right and wrong. The children I DO worry about are the ones like DFD was, the ones whose parents couldn't give a damn how their child is doing at school. I'm not saying it's only ever been the kids from the unsupportive homes who get caught up in anti-social behaviour in and out of school, but in the majority of cases the children of the concerned, engaged parents are not the ones who end up as school drop outs on drugs.
Now I'm absolutely not saying that on that basis, the children from unsupportive homes like my foster daughter, as she was in year 6, should be the ones who get priority for the local outstanding school, and the ones from the supportive homes the ones who get shoved into the failing one. Not at all. But I am saying that if you cheat the system and rent in order to avoid your catchment school because it has a bad reputation, you are potentially sending a child like my foster daughter into an environment of temptation, where she is at a disadvantage simply because she lacks the support network that your child has.
It's a postcode lottery, and I appreciate that. But that's the way it works in this country, it's the law, and anyone who rents/uses a second address/bends the rules because they want the best for their child when it means depriving someone else's child is a criminal in my book and upon being found out should be treated as such.
Also outstanding schools aren't inspected annually. An outstanding school may in fact have been terrible for the last 2 or 3 years but until Ofsted arrive and offer their official judgement, the outstanding label sticks.
So a school that suddenly gets a new Head and then a terrible Ofsted may in fact have been awful for some time but the last head jumped ship before anyone could blame them. And parents don't always see it because often they have nothing to compare it to.
If you are desperate to get into a school that was given an Outstanding label 3 years ago, the school may be nothing like it was then. It may be half a term away from Special Measures.
marina - I agree with you totally. Unfortunately there is nothing in school admissions to give priority to children whose parents dont' care at all about education.
But in areas where there is a brilliant school and a terrible school such as you describe, I think the schools or council have a duty to even things up. This does happen already for example in terms of lending out the best teachers from the good schools to the worst schools for whole terms at a time, sending the Head teacher from the best school to the worst school and sharing resources.
It is not popular with parents (the staff don't mind - they have some say and generally it is good for career development) but it really can even things up. If all the middle class parents are cheating and falling over themselves to get the best school and avoid the worst, maybe they'd think twice if the brilliant Head of Science then disappeared to the 'bad' school for a year or the Head shared her time between the two or the schools combined for many sports and subjects.
It isn't feasible in all areas but if it was made clear to the parents that the bad school was going to be given all the best bits of the best school, maybe the scramble to get into the best school wouldn't be so immense.
Tiggytape- re the sending the best of the best school to help out at the worst, it's being trialled at our failing school at the moment and it's doing wonders to the grades of the kids who want to be there and want to learn. Admittedly it has widened the gap between them and the kids who don't want to be there and aren't interested, but I do think to a point that if you come into my lessons and point blank refuse to cooperate with me, there's only a certain amount I can do. I will NEVER give up on a pupil, but I'm not a miracle worker, and I can't get you an A in my subject if you won't let me teach you.
Again, the majority of the kids who are downright disruptive and refuse to learn and are falling further and further behind the others as a result are from families where the parents just aren't bothered. Sad but true.
Continuing on from my first point, a message to all you parents in the catchment area for a failing school considering cheating the system, from a teacher in a special measures school with a bloody awful reputation: if your child comes through my classroom door eager to learn and trying their best in my lessons, I'll pick up on that. Trust me. I don't care if your child's best is a C or an A*. If your child is committed and wants to work hard, I will do my utmost to help them get the best grade in my subject they can possibly achieve, regardless of how many of their classmates want to be there and put some effort in. I will (and have in the past) give them extra revision sessions at lunch/after school if I have to.
Marina - absolutely. Some of the teachers being lent out are Heads and Deputy Heads so are hopefully able to direct, or help direct, whole school concerns such as discipline, motivation and the bigger issues that each individual teacher cannot do alone.
You sound like you do an amazing job with your pupils and I am sure it is appreciated that you go above and beyond for those that want to do well.
Tiggy, similar scheme going on at the moment between a 'regarded by the public as good' comp and a 'regarded by the public as bad' comp locally - and it has reduced the hysteria amongst parents about moving heaven and earth to get into the 'goo' one of the pair.
Tbh, the 'good' one has a very privileged catchment, the other has one that is very much not so, so IMHO the differences in terms of actual quality of teaching and learning aren't that great anyway....
teacher - that's the same here too. There has been practical help from the swaps / mentoring, sharing of initiatives and even sharing resources. In general though, one of the most helpful outcomes is to reduce the vigour with which parents avoid the 'bad' school because it has been lent some of the good schools kudos as well as staff.
Similar is happening between my DCs school and a local one. The other school has improved how uniform is worn, hopefully the pupils are feeling less hopeless, and I know parents who applied there in preference to other local schools (which were often preferred).
Hysteria hasn't been reduced here sadly. If anything it's been raised amongst the parents at the 'outstanding' school, who are furious that teachers are mentoring here and that our kids are 'invading' their sports facilities I'm sorry, but you can't have it both ways. At some point, you have to accept that your child is not the only one who matters in the education system, and steps are going to be taken to help out the others not fortunate enough to be at a fantastic school. If you don't like that, then home educate.
marina - I meant admissions hysteria is being reduced because people aren't so afraid of the 'bad' school anymore.
Knowing that your children will still get access to the sports facilities at the 'best school' even if they aren't allocated that school helps. As does knowing that your school will be lent the well respected Deputy Head Teacher and Head of Science from the 'best school'
It absolutely does annoy parents who've managed to get into the best school - but tough!
Why should any area accept half its population going to a school that hasn't had a proper science teacher for over a year when the other school has several good science teachers?
Why should any area accept half its population being sent to a school with barely a blade of grass let alone a sports hall when the other children get a fully equipped gym, tennis courts and a large field to play on?
By seeking to reduce the differences between the 'good' and 'bad' schools (in terms of facilities) and by using the 'good' school's experiences and expertise to bring up standards in the 'bad' school, more people benefit.
I know there are parents with children at good schools who think this is outrageous and don't want to share their best teachers and lovely sports hall but - like you say - they have to realise their child is no more deserving of these chances than every child who couldn't get allocated a place there.
Ah OK, I see what you mean. Parents still seem to be afraid of the 'bad' school here, but that seems to be more to do with the anti-social behaviour issues than the results IYSWIM, the results are definitely improving. On the anti-social behaviour front improvements are being made, but at a much slower rate, and that seems to be a stigma harder to shake free of than poor exam results. This is the first academic year we've been involved in sharing resources with the outstanding school, so it's hoped that we'll start to see a change in attitude amongst prospective parents come next year.
I have to admit that as things are now, I'm not too bothered about my foster daughter being at the failing school rather than the outstanding one, because she's free of the bad influences in her life she met at this school when she started and the overall standard of the school, although still not great, is improving. But that wasn't the situation last year, when she went off the rails well and true, and certainly wasn't the situation when she started here. If this was really her catchment school and no places at the outstanding school she just missed out on were given to children of parents renting properties then fair enough, but given that's been going on in order to avoid the failing school for years in this area now I strongly suspect that could have been the case. No amount of effort to turn her school around when she's in year 11 can compensate for the fact she should never have been here in the first place if everyone played by the rules, to me anyway.
Just out of interest...
What would be the situation if someone owned 2 properties a few miles from each other and had owned both for multiple years.
They used to live in Property A and now live in Property B and rent A out.
The school they want their DS to go to is a dead-cert from Property A but very, very borderline from B.
Would it be wrong for them to rent out Property B for a year and move back to Property A - and then move back to Property B and rent out A again.
Is that less morally wrong than renting a property nearby - or just as bad?
a) I think they are morally equivalent - the intent is to obtain a place in a school through TEMPORARILY doing something that you would otherwise not do, with the full intention of returning to the original status quo afterwards.
b) In practical terms, locally it would be treated as suspect and investigated. The discovery that you still had an additional property that has until recently been the main family home would almost certianly count as reasonable grounds not to award a place. Should you get away with it first time, the moving back to the original address (recently the tracking o addresses over the first year + in school has become more commonplace in response to just such situations) would trigger your child's removal from the school.
I agree with teacher. It is moving back to an old address after securing a school place that is fraud.
It doesn't matter how long you have owned (or rented) any property for.
It doesn't matter when you move house or if you choose to rent or buy.
If you have 2 houses you must list the one you genuinely live in (as defined by council tax history, utilities, Dr and all those things) AND crucially you cannot then move back to address B having used address A to secure a school place.
In such cases the move from B to A would be regarded as suspicious (but not in itself fraud especially if house B was sold).
It is likely to trigger a close investigation of whether house B has been disposed of and therefore whether house A is the 'real' home.
The move from A back to B again would be when the admission authority could reasonably suspact fraud and remove the school place unless there was a very good reason to explain it (eg house B was burnt to the ground and being rebuilt and the family had to move out for a year)
This is a long thread. I remembered reading some members posted that inspector called on the doorstep to check whether the address is genuine. Just curious, when they called, do they actually tell you that they are there to check whether you are genuinely living there? Or they pretend to call for something else? Do they identify themselves as from the School Admission team?
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Book Talk: Clandestine heroes of World War II
By Nick Zieminski
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Daredevil saboteurs in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War Two went to extremes to help the Resistance, risking arrest and execution.
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Joseph Beth Booksellers, 161 Lexington Green Circle, Lexington, KY, 40503
Following the publication of Peace on August 6, Suna Senman launched a national speaking tour -- sharing her personal story and hard-earned wisdom on successfully manifesting inner and outer peace. On August 27 at 7:00 pm, at Joseph Beth Booksellers, 161 Lexington Green Cir, Lexington, KY, Senman will facilitate a discussion about how to manifest a peaceful life and how the new generation of young adults has unprecedented potential to transform our world into a peaceful society.
Peace teaches that by developing a strong inner compass, and by living with authenticity and purpose, we build a healthy foundation within ourselves. From that foundation, we are empowered to develop loving relationships with others and, through those relationships, to foster nourishing communities. Bringing to life the concept of healthy partnership, Peace has a co-authored feel to it, with a back-and-forth, conversational tone: Senman shares her thoughts, then invites the readers to share theirs. Wisdom and truth, Senman asserts, is inside; we simply need guidance on accessing and expressing it.
Mawendo McDevitt, 914-473-3002
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FLORENCE, S.C. - The Pee Dee Education Center and the Swamp Fox Writing Project are offering a summer-school course to Pee Dee teachers free of charge.
The Swamp Fox Writing Project is a collaboration between Francis Marion University and the National Writing Project.
"Writing and the Teaching of Writing" will be offered during the first summer session, June 12 –29. The class will meet from 8 a.m. to noon, Monday through Thursday. The location of the class has yet to be determined.
The class helps teachers at all levels and in all disciplines build their understanding of the writing process and strengthen their own writing abilities. Following National Writing Project philosophies and models, the class has a workshop format, writing groups, and hands-on learning activities.
The instructor for the course is Gail Hayes, a teacher consultant with the Swamp Fox Writing Project.
The course is offered to teachers free of charge because of support from the Pee Dee Education Center. To enroll, teachers should speak with the Critical Teaching Needs Coordinator at their school or district, who will then contact the PDEC.
#269 / 5-1-00


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Open Mike Night
Friday, November 04, 2011
Where and When
Time: 5:30pm - 8:00pm
Location: Lower Bucks Campus
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Event Information
The Student Commons area of the Lower Bucks Campus, which is located at 1304 Veterans Highway, Bristol, Pa 19007,will be a stage set for performances and talents of all kinds. From musicians to dancers and everything in between, no talent will go unnoticed. And while this may seem like it can't get any better, it can.
Since the talent show falls in October which is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, all proceeds will be put towards a good cause. All money made during the Talent Show will be donated to a cancer foundation as a way to help promote Cancer Awareness.
Admission for this event is $5 for adults, $3 for students with an ID proving they are a student, $2 for seniors, $1 for children from ages 6-12, and children under 6 are free. There will be food catered by Slack's Hoagie Shack, a 50/50 raffle, games, prizes, and much, much more.
If you are interested in signing up to perform at our first ever Talent Show, please contact the President of the Lower Bucks Programming Council, Rich Lipsack at email@example.com. Please include your name, phone number, your talent/performance, and whether or not any form of set up is needed for your performance. Now is your chance to have your moment in the spotlight. So do you have what it takes to show us what ya' got?


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Chris Kirk holds off the field for win at Deutsche Bank
In the final round of the 2014 Deutsche Bank Championship, Chris Kirk was untouchable and shot 66 to win by two to secure his third career PGA TOUR win.
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arcDev Noise Industries releases ET-100
ET-100 is another prototype in aDNI's unending quest for a DECENT BB-style delay.
According to aDNI, ET-100 sounds pretty close to his DM-300, particuarly when performing severe time/pitch warping in realtime.
Visit the arcDev Noise Industries website to see a full screenshot and to download the ET-100.
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Concordant female mate preferences in the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s10750-011-0766-5
- Cite this article as:
- Steinwender, B., Koblmüller, S. & Sefc, K.M. Hydrobiologia (2012) 682: 121. doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0766-5
- Citations
- 1.2k Downloads
Discriminating female mate preferences enhance the variance in reproductive success among males of a population and create a potential for sexual selection, which can account for trait evolution and diversification. Fish color patterns are among the prime targets of mate choice-driven sexual selection. Populations of the cichlid Tropheus from Lake Tanganyika display remarkable geographic color pattern variation, but the role of female choice in their rapid and rich phenotypic diversification is unclear. Males and females establish a pair bond prior to spawning monogamously, but as brood care is strictly maternal, female investment in reproduction is high and the operational sex ratio is male-biased. Therefore, variance in male reproductive success can accrue if individual males succeed repeatedly in securing a mate. To test this prediction in the red colored Tropheus moorii "Chimba", four pairs of males were presented to a series of females and female mate preferences were inferred from pairwise interactions. There was a significant difference in mating success between the males of each pair (P < 0.001 over all trials), as—with one exception—females shared preferences for the same males. Male courtship activity was strongly correlated with female choice. Our experiment suggests that female choice contributes to the variance in male reproductive success in the tested population.
KeywordsMate choice Sexual selection Cichlidae Courtship Lake Tanganyika
Variance in reproductive success among individuals in a population results from both selection and random events and is a prerequisite for evolutionary change, population differentiation, and finally speciation. The potential for intra- and intersexual selection to produce high variance in mate and offspring numbers is considered to be greater in either polygynous or polyandrous mating systems than in monogamous species (Avise et al., 2002). Congruently, sexual dimorphism, considered a consequence of sexual selection, is prevalent and most pronounced in polygynous and polyandrous species (Avise et al., 2002), and vice versa, the degree of sexual dimorphism has been used as a proxy to quantify the strength of sexual selection in a species (e.g., Lande, 1980; Owens et al., 1999) and to provide evidence for the correlation between sexual selection and species richness (e.g., Barraclough et al., 1995; Møller & Cuervo, 1998; Stuart-Fox & Owens, 2003; Mank, 2007; but see Gage et al., 2002; Morrow et al., 2003; Ritchie et al., 2005).
In the cichlid species flocks (tribe Haplochromini) of the East African Lakes Malawi and Victoria, the predicted relationship between mating system, sexual dimorphism, and divergence rate seems to hold (Turner, 1994; Seehausen, 2000). Maternal brood care in the way of mouthbrooding without male participation creates male-biased operational sex ratios and allows for polygamy and female mate choice (Kellogg et al., 1995; Balshine-Earn, 1996; Kokko & Johnstone, 2002).
Body coloration of haplochromine cichlids is cryptic in females but elaborate and often conspicuous in males, and females of some species were shown to base their mate choice on male coloration (Maan et al., 2004; Pauers et al., 2004). Moreover, male color pattern is one of the first traits to diverge between closely related species and populations (Van Oppen et al., 1998; Seehausen & Schluter, 2004; Genner & Turner, 2005), and is able to sustain reproductive isolation between sympatric populations (Seehausen, 1997; Seehausen et al., 1998). Finally, an astonishing number of species and intraspecific color morphs evolved in each of the two lakes within a short period of time (Turner et al., 2001). Hence, it has been argued that the divergence into colorful but eco-morphologically similar species and populations was driven by sexual selection through female choice operating on eco-morphologically divergent lineages created by natural selection (Seehausen & van Alphen, 1999; Danley & Kocher, 2001; Allender et al., 2003).
The cichlid species assemblage of the third Great Lake of East Africa, Lake Tanganyika, comprises several genetically, ecologically and morphologically highly divergent tribes with distinct evolutionary histories (Koblmüller et al., 2008a), one of which—the Tropheini—is closely related to the haplochromine species of Lakes Malawi and Victoria (Salzburger et al., 2005; Koblmüller et al., 2008b). Within the Tropheini, species and allopatric populations of the genus Tropheus have evolved a stunning diversity of color patterns (e.g., Konings, 1998; Schupke, 2003; Egger et al., 2007). Mate choice experiments between color morphs of T. moorii revealed variable degrees of reproductive isolation between four different morphs (Egger et al., 2008, 2010); by and large, there is evidence that isolation is more complete between phenotypically highly distinct morphs than between similar morphs (Salzburger et al., 2006; Egger et al., 2010). However, it remained questionable whether mate selection is also able to provide for variance in reproductive success within populations, especially as some of the traits commonly associated with sexual selection are lacking in Tropheus. Most populations are sexually monomorphic with both genders displaying the same—population specific—color pattern, and both sexes use color signals in social interactions such as the defense of their individual territories (Wickler, 1969; Sturmbauer & Dallinger, 1995). The peculiar mating system of Tropheus can be described as 'serial monogamy': Males and females establish temporary pair bonds in the males' territories prior to spawning, upon which the females abandon their mates and mouthbrood their eggs and fry by themselves (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991). Genetic analysis of wild-caught mouthbrooding females and their fry revealed a complete absence of multiple mating, as offspring genotypes were consistent with a single sire per brood (Egger et al., 2006).
With uniparental maternal brood care and long spawning intervals (Yanagisawa & Sato, 1990), female investment in reproduction is high and their reproductive cycles are long, but males also invest time and resources when they allow the females to feed heavily from their territories during the pair bonding period (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991; Schürch & Taborsky, 2005; Schütz et al., 2010). Nonetheless, in computer simulations of mating and reproduction based on field data of Tropheus and using different assumptions on mate choice behavior and reproductive biology, the operational sex ratio was strongly male-biased and similar to that retrieved from simulations of a polygynous system without male investment in reproduction (Sefc, 2008). Moreover, variances in simulated male reproductive success in Tropheus were nearly as high as in the simulated polygynous system, and within the range of estimates from natural populations of some sexually dimorphic birds and fishes. Importantly, the simulations showed that the distribution of "quality traits" among males and the ability of females to distinguish between males of different "quality" were the strongest determinants of variance; male "quality trait" values were interpreted to summarize attractiveness based on all possible mate choice cues including the males' territories (Sefc, 2008).
In other words, if individual males succeed repeatedly in securing a mate, considerable variance in male reproductive success may accrue despite pair bonding and monogamous spawning. The mate choice experiment in this paper was set up in order to test this prediction. Pairs of males were presented to a suite of females, and we asked whether different females would show concordant preferences.
Experimental protocol and data analysis
The setup of the experimental tanks was as in Egger et al. (2008): Four experimental tanks (150 × 70 × 50 cm) were divided by mesh partitions (mesh size 13 mm) into two outer compartments with a length of 45 cm each for males and one central compartment with a length of 60 cm for the female. Hollow bricks (clay bottle stands; one in each of the male's compartments and three in the female's compartment) served as hiding place and territory focus as well as spawning place.
Two of the experimental tanks were stocked with males of similar size (tank 1: male M1a with 30.1 g and 8.8 cm, male M1b with 29.1 g and 9.0 cm; tank 3: male M3a with 30.5 g and 9.1 cm, male M3b with 30.8 g and 9.1 cm); the other two tanks received males of different sizes (tank 2: male M2a with 31.5 g and 9.5 cm, male M2b with 28.8 g and 9.1 cm; tank 4: male M4a with 25.7 g and 8.6 cm, male M4b with 30.6 g and 9.0 cm). Mate choice trials followed the procedure developed by Egger et al. (2008). For 4 days, females and males were kept with mesh partitions in place in order to allow the females to examine and evaluate both of the males under standardized conditions (the 'decision phase' of Egger et al., 2008). Next, females were permitted free access to one male at a time ('sequential access phase' of Egger et al., 2008), and their interactions with the males were observed and scored. Test sessions were carried out twice a day, in the morning and in the afternoon, for a maximum of 8 consecutive days; some trials were terminated earlier, when the female preference was clear either because she had spawned with one of the males (six times) or when aggression between the female and the non-preferred male was too intense (once). The partition between the female and one of the males was removed for 30 min, while an opaque plastic plate was placed between the female's territory and the territory of the other male. In the second session of that day, the female was allowed to interact with the second male. The order of access to the males was assigned randomly in each trial, but preserved on consecutive days of the trial. In the middle of each trial (i.e., after 4 days observation sessions) the two males switched sides to control for a potential tank side bias in the females' choice.
The interactions of the pairs were categorized as spawning, pseudospawning, courtship, pairing and aggressive behavior. Aggressive displays in Tropheus include chasing, expelling, circling, and mouth-fighting, while courtship and spawning behaviors include lead swimming by the male, quivering by both sexes, release and snapping up of eggs by the female, and nuzzling of the male's anal fin by the female (Nelissen, 1976). Pseudospawning contains the same behavioral sequences as spawning, but without release of eggs. Intensive courtship of both sexes was scored as 'courtship'. When females remained in one male's territory without aggressive behavior but rejected the alternative male consistently during all access sessions, the behavior was scored as 'pairing'. Spawning, pseudospawning, courtship and pairing were interpreted to indicate a preference of the female for that male (Egger et al., 2008).
A total of 38 trials were conducted, of which 22 yielded interaction scores allowing the inference of a female preference for one of the males. Lack of interactions or aggressive behavior towards both males prevented the identification of female preferences in the remaining 16 trials. Results were obtained from ten different females: three of these females scored with all four pairs of males, three females scored with two pairs of males, and four females scored with only one of the pairs. The proportion of successful trials in this experiment is similar to that achieved in Egger et al. (2008).
Early on during the experiment, we started to suspect that female choice and the courtship activity of the males were correlated. As a crude measure of activity levels, we counted the number of observation sessions per trial, in which either courtship, aggression or neutral behavior predominated. For example, in a trial consisting of eight observation sessions, a male might show courtship activity in four sessions, aggression in one session, and neutral activity in three sessions. Behavior was classified as neutral when individuals did not interact with each other at all during the observation session, irrespective of movements between their own and the other animal's territories. Activity data for both males and females were collected in 15 of the 22 successful trials.
Statistical analyses
Chi-square statistics were calculated to test whether mating success (i.e., trials classified as either spawning, pseudospawning, courtship or pairing) was distributed evenly among the two males of each pair. Differences in the activity between chosen and rejected males and differences in female activity towards chosen and rejected males were assessed by generalized linear model analyses (SPSS Statistics v. 19) with "females" nested within "male pairs" to account for the repeated testing of males and females. Male status (preferred vs. rejected) and male size were used as fixed factor and covariate, respectively. As the activity data are counts of events within a variable number of observations, a binomial distribution with a logit link function was specified.
Genetic analysis of clutches spawned outside the observation period
In five trials, the females spawned with one of the males outside the observation period. Despite the mesh partitions between their compartments, the eggs were fertilized in four of these cases, and paternity was determined by microsatellite analysis. These four trials were scored as "spawning". DNA extraction followed a standard Chelex protocol (Walsh et al., 1991) and a Wizard®SV Genomic DNA Purification System (Promega Corporation) for adult tissue and eggs, respectively. Adults and eggs were genotyped at four microsatellite loci, TmoM11 and TmoM27 (Zardoya et al., 1996), UME002 and UME003 (Parker & Kornfield, 1996). The PCR reactions followed the protocol in Egger et al. (2006) with an annealing temperature of 54°C. Fragment size analysis was carried out on an ABI 3130xl automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems) using GeneScan-500 ROX (Applied Biosystems) as an internal size standard. The electropherograms were analyzed in Genemapper 3.7 (Applied Biosystems).
Effects of males status (preferred vs. rejected) and male size on activity levels of males and females
Male courtship
Male aggression
Male neutral
Female courtship
Female aggression
Female neutral
Wald χ2
Wald χ2
Wald χ2
Wald χ2
Wald χ2
Wald χ2
Male status
Male size
Due to the concordant preferences of the tested females, mating success differed substantially between the two alternative males in each tank. Hence, in our experiment, female Tropheus appeared sufficiently discriminating to create considerable variance in male reproductive success and consequently potential for directional sexual selection. Agreement among females in repeated tests with the same males was also observed in laboratory rats, although the degree of concordance was somewhat lower than in our study (Lovell et al., 2007). In the rose bitterling, females did not agree in their preferences for particular males when males were presented simultaneously, whereas preferences for sequentially presented males were congruent among females in one study (Casalini et al., 2009), but not in another (Agbali et al., 2010). Similarly, no unanimous female preferences for particular males were detected in experiments testing fixed pairs or groups of males with different females in sand gobies (Lehtonen & Lindström, 2008) and guppies (Brooks & Endler, 2001), where variation in female preferences and hence the lack of a universally attractive male phenotype allows the persistence of polymorphism in sexually selected traits. Moreover, discordant female preferences suggest that females base their choice on genetic compatibility, whereas a quest for good genes is expected to result in congruent female preferences (Agbali et al., 2010).
Our experiment was not designed to identify the cues according to which females make their choices. Male coloration is obviously a candidate cue in a colorful cichlid fish, and individual body coloration varies among individual males and females of the Chimba population. Part of this variation is probably due to differences in the amount of integument pigment content, but a proportion of any momentarily observed variation results from the rapid physiological color changes associated with communication among individuals (Nelissen, 1976; Sturmbauer & Dallinger, 1995), which makes quantitative comparisons between individuals difficult. Visual assessment of male courtship color patterns in our experiment suggested high within-individual variation among observation sessions, and there was no obvious and consistent difference in overall red color intensity and the size of a red cheek patch between the preferred and rejected males. Hence, the here made observations do not allow to draw a connection between female preference and male redness. In other fish species, for example sticklebacks (Milinski & Bakker, 1990; Bakker & Mundwiler, 1994), guppies (Karino & Urano, 2008) and the cichlid Pundamilia nyererei (Maan et al., 2004), the redness of males is the most important criterion for female choice, and in the cichlid Labeotropheus fuelleborni, females preferred males with higher chroma and color contrast (Pauers et al., 2004). In contrast, male coloration was not related to female choice and male mate quality in rose bitterling (Agbali et al., 2010; Casalini et al., 2009). Interestingly, in a previous experiment, Tropheus "Chimba" females did not discriminate against similarly colored but clearly distinguishable males of the Moliro population; nor did Moliro females discriminate against Chimba males (Egger et al., 2010). The observed mate preferences, both between and within populations, suggest that the mating decisions of Chimba females do not heavily rely on slight differences between male color patterns and intensities.
Female preferences for large males have been documented in several fish species (e.g., Ptacek & Travis, 1997; Rosenthal & Evans, 1998; Basolo, 2004; Hudman & Gotelli, 2007). No effect of male size on female choice was observed in the present and in previous mate choice experiments with Tropheus (Egger et al., 2008, 2010). In the field, the average body size of paired territorial males did not differ from that of unpaired territorial males (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991).
The preferred Tropheus males of the present experiment displayed higher courtship activity than their rejected counterparts. Female preferences for more active males have been observed in several species of fish (Bischoff et al., 1985; Knapp & Kovach, 1991; Carvalho et al., 2003; Maan et al., 2004; Reichard et al., 2005), the mallard (Bossema & Kruijt, 1982; Kruijt et al., 1982), and a wolf spider (Shamble et al., 2009). Male courtship vigor could either be cause or consequence of female attention (Takahashi et al., 2008). In our experiment, the observation of female courtship behavior never preceded the occurrence of courtship by the male. Although this temporal sequence would suggest that females responded to rather than elicited male courtship, it cannot be excluded that females communicated their preferences in an unobserved manner, e.g., by olfactory signals, early on in the trial and thereby encouraged the preferred males to increase their courtship vigor. In addition to signaling vitality (Knapp & Kovach, 1991; Mariette et al., 2006; Pekkala et al., 2009; Weir & Grant, 2010), the movements involved in the courtship of many fish species also serve to produce or enhance other signals. In several cichlid species including Tropheus moorii, a component of courtship (the quiver) is associated with the production of sound (e.g., Nelissen, 1978; Amorim et al., 2008; Smith & van Staaden, 2009), and courtship sound has been shown to influence the preferences of females in a Lake Victoria cichlid (Verzijden et al., 2010). Moreover, courtship movements may disperse odor and thereby support olfactory signaling (Blais et al., 2007; Agbali et al., 2010).
Notwithstanding the obvious mating advantage of some males over others in the present experiment, it is necessary to remember that potential mate choice cues, such as territory size and male-male interaction, were not available to the females in our experiment. In the absence of parasitic reproduction (Egger et al., 2006), territory possession is a prerequisite to mating success of male Tropheus, but only a proportion of territorial males succeed to attract females (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991). Both in the field and in laboratory mate choice experiments, the size and composition of the males' territories have an effect on their mating success (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991; Hermann & Sefc, unpublished). Supplementary information from additional cues might further reinforce the observed discriminative abilities of females, but it could also result in a reduction of the variance in male mating success, if the males' territories or intrasexual aggressive displays compensate for deficiencies in other traits, or if females vary in their preferences for different cues (Candolin, 2003). Furthermore, variance in male mating success in the natural environment may decline in situations when females cannot afford to be as discriminating as they proved to be in the experiment (Atalo et al., 1988; Real, 1990; Milinski & Bakker, 1992). Obviously, the most relevant assessment of the variance in reproductive success would be obtained from parentage reconstructions in natural populations (e.g., Weatherhead & Boag, 1997; Coltman et al., 1999; Friedl & Klump, 1999; Serbezov et al., 2010), with the caveat that this approach depends on the comprehensive sampling of juveniles and potential parents. The large census size of Tropheus (Sturmbauer et al., 2008) impedes the identification of closely related individuals in a randomly drawn sample; for example, the probability of an individual's parent being included in population samples of 200–300 Tropheus was estimated to be only 1–7%, and only 4–10 individuals were assigned a parent in these samples (Koch et al., 2008).
The presented experiment complements a simulation of Tropheus reproduction, which suggested that pair bonding and monogamous spawning do not necessarily curb the potential for sexual selection, if concordant female preferences provide for variance in male reproductive success (Sefc, 2008). This prediction was fulfilled in the present mate choice experiment, as females discriminated clearly between different males and some males accumulated significantly more matings than others.
We thank Dr. Martin Reichard and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Furthermore, we thank Wolfgang Gessl for keeping our fish well-fed and healthy. Our research is supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (Grant P20883 to KMS).
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


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Von Metzke "groomed" underaged girls by texting
Teens reported him, but theatre slow to act
Don Bauder 2 p.m., June 25
"As far as I know, this is the only [club] in town that is run by a band," says Dorian Tucker, guitarist in Jezebel. With keyboardist/guitarist Nathan Everett and bassist Mike Croft, Tucker produces Suspiria every Wednesday at the San Diego Sports Club in Hillcrest. Suspiria (named after an Italian horror film) was launched in January so that Jezebel and other local bands would have a home base in a no-cover setting.
Tucker says he wrongly assumed Hillcrest's creative vibe would guarantee success.
"Sometimes you'd come down and nobody would be there." Other Suspiria nights, with L.A. bands such as Shoot Out the Lights and the New Collapse, have thrived. "Our vision is that all local bands and out-of-town bands we like can have a place to play and hear each other's music."


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German Shepherd Dog Forums (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/)
- General Information (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/general-information/)
- - I hate people that don`t (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/general-information/445738-i-hate-people-don%60t.html)
I hate people that don`t
We have this guy who lives around the corner from us.......,now there is only one way out of our cul-de-sac ,so this guy must walk passed our house every day at least 3 or 4 times,,,,,,When Zola was a pup,this guy went out his way to let us know that he disliked GSD so much,,he never has liked them and never will......it seems he has started to tell every one in our village that we keep a dangerous out of control dog,,( some people listen some don`t ) so why does he think that, you may be wondering,,,,,,well .some time he walks passed our house Zola gives him a piece of her mind, barking loudly at the window , we think she has picked up on the fact he hates her,for she doesn`t bark at every one...The other day while playing with our two boys I got a knock at the front door,,,it was a friend of this guy and he wasn`t in the mood for a friendly chat.You see,he lives behind us and had decided to come and tell me how much he is sick of hearing Zola barking,,all day and some nights he said,he didn`t like the fact she is left in the garden all day ( she isn`t ), she is left alone in the house when we go out ( never... she is always with us in the car ),AND he finished by saying ..." If you don`t shut her up.....I will "...............What a pile of poo he was talking..We called the police,..Why are people like this,why do they class GSD`s dangerous........this guy lives next to a couple who own little terriers who bark all day in the garden,I told him that and his reply was " yeah I do but you cannt call that barking "Now the guy who walks passed our house has chipped in....I hate people that don`t like GSD`s
Oh I forgot to say ,we have now put a sign up on our back fence,just for the guy who came knocking to read.it reads.........NEVER MIND THE DOG.BEWARE OF THE OWNER.......Happy days
I hope the police took the threat seriously.
there's a few houses by me that always have barking dogs in the windows when me and my dogs walk by. it's annoying but i'm proud that my dogs don't even respond. i always wonder why people let their dos act like that. my first GSD never did that. my 2nd did at 8 to 9 weeks old. took a few firm NOs before he learned he can't do that.
any reason you can't raise your dogs properly and give all GSDs a bad name?
Before you let her out you may want to check your yard. You also may want to start a journal dating back to the first time this guy sounded off. You need to be careful. Time and date everytime you let her out (may sound far fetched but its something to fall back on) just keep a tight leash on what you do with her. Not everyone is a dog lover.
Not defending any of your neighbors actions but...
Both my neighbors have annoying A Hole dogs bark bark bark all the time! The only time people know I have a dog is when they come to the front door or they actually see him!
A ticked off "unstable" neighbor in your back yard??? Not good don't give them an excuse!
Dogs don't even have to bark to be a huge nuisance. My neighbours behind have two huskies with littermate syndrome who basically live in their garden and run wild without any supervision. They don't bark, but they cry and whine and growl and do everything in their power to get my male to fence fight them any time he's outside. It's frustrating to have a nice big garden that's almost useless for basic training because of the constant high distraction level. I guess it's useful for proofing and working on reactivity :rolleyes: I'm sometimes amazed at how well he handles himself with the two of them at the fence the whole time.
The funny thing is,the guy who walks passed our house ,is himself breaking the law,,for he too has a dog but I have never seen him walk it on a lead , he walks it on the street ,by main roads and through play grounds but always off lead ,so I may approach him one day and ask nicely if he would stop bad mouthing our Zola and if his response is negative ,then I will quote him ...the road traffic act 1988,section 7 para 1 , :):):):)
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SportTipsWorld said
I specialise in table design and inline styling.
Iframes are my thing, and i only use comic- sans.
I especially like animated banners and swish loading pages.
Blue links around images and conflicts no problem. I dont use jquery.
I only work with frontpage 2003 and all my stuff takes a few minutes to load only ,on fibre connections. I stuff metas with gazillions of keywords.I can start right away.


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Roles and Limitations of ICT Based Media for Biotechnology Firms' Innovation
Frahm, Jennifer & Singh, Prakash (2004) Roles and Limitations of ICT Based Media for Biotechnology Firms' Innovation. International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 3(1), pp. 72-88.
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EV N/D 257B Handheld Vocal Microphone - electro voice
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Tools
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: May 21, 2009
- Channel: Auction House
EV N/D 257B Handheld VocalMicrophoneItem Description, Condition, and Shipping
The 257B can be used as a lead vocal mic. It has a larger cardioid polar pattern which allows it to double as a background vocal mic . The mic is in Very Good physical and mechanical condition. T are no scratches or dents but the paint on the handle has some fading and streaks which do not show at all in the pictures. It was used in a live sound environment, and received very little use. .
Frequency Response: 35-19,000 Hz
Polar Pattern: Cardioid
Dynamic Range: 141 dB
Sensitivity: -53dB


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A visibly disappointed Rob Ford capped off his public diet on Monday, shedding a total of 17 pounds over the five month campaign, short of his fifty pound target.
"We'll keep working hard and get down. That's all I can say," said Mr. Ford, who had tipped the scale at 330 pounds at a jovial January launch for the Cut The Waist Challenge, devised by his brother and co-dieter, Doug Ford.
In contrast, the closer on Monday was a sombre affair, punctuated by the mayor crying out in pain as he apparently mis-stepped on his way off the scale, hurting his ankle.
Councillor Doug Ford, who came prepared for scrutiny wearing a tight-fitting black workout top under his dress shirt, came in at 240 pounds, down from an initial 275 pounds.
"It was an exciting weight loss challenge that we've done. We…
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Kamarudin, Muhammad Ramlee (2007) Integrated disc loaded monopole array antenna and the small PIFA antennas. In: 23rd Annual Review of Progress In Applied Computational Electromagnetics, Verona, Italy, 2007, Verona, Italy.
Full text not available from this repository.
|Item Type:
|Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|disc loaded monopole array antenna, small PIFA antennas
|T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
|Electrical Engineering
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|Deposited By:
|Mrs Liza Porijo
|Deposited On:
|18 Aug 2011 09:33
|Last Modified:
|26 Nov 2012 03:25
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Boris Johnson was embroiled in a row today over whether he will break his promise to keep 1,000 more police than he inherited as Mayor.
Labour seized on a letter from Mr Johnson to Stephen Greenhalgh, his deputy mayor for policing and crime, in which he said he was willing to consider a budget for fewer than 31,957 officers, claiming it was the first admission since Mr Johnson's re-election in May that post-Olympics Met numbers will be slashed.
However, the Mayor dismissed as "nonsense" that he would not stick to his election vow to have 1,000 more officers during his second term than when he came to power in 2008 — meaning "at or around" 32,000.
While the Met must cut £500 million off its budget by 2015, sources say up to 700 recruits are set to join in the coming months after a hiring freeze.
In the letter to Mr Greenhalgh, the Tory Mayor appeared to open the door to having fewer than 32,000 officers. He wrote that he was willing to consider a range of options that ensures Londoners' safety, "but does not necessarily require a budgeted resource to finance police officer numbers at 31,957 over this administration".
David Hanson, shadow policing minister, claimed the letter showed Mr Johnson's pledge was just an "election ploy", adding: "We have warned for some time that as soon as the Olympics were over and the election bung ran out the Met Commissioner would be placed in an impossible position leading to the loss of hundreds if not thousands of officers."
The Mayor's official spokesman denied Mr Johnson was paving the way to abandon his election pledge. He said: "Any suggestion that the Mayor is preparing to break that commitment is nonsense."
He added that the "workforce mix" would be a factor in making savings, which will be seen as a fresh signal that a swathe of senior officer posts could go to maintain the number of PCs.
Numbers sometimes fall below the budgeted figure. With a recruitment freeze, this is expected to be the case for 2012/13 for which the budgeted figure is 31,957 for warranted officers, including trainees and secondees.
Mr Johnson's promise has been mired in controversy after originally being interpreted as meaning increasing the number of officers by 1,000 over the second term. City Hall says the pledge was met by increasing the number of fully warranted officers from 30,449 in May 2008 to 31,684 in May this year — a rise of more than 1,200.
Meanwhile, police watchdogs today warned Londoners could be at risk unless the Met works faster to draw up its budget-cutting plan while still protecting front-line services.
Sir Stephen Otter, Her Majesty's Inspector of Constabulary, said the force was not moving quickly enough on drawing up the programme.
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Your Cat, Your Life
The Scoop
Cat News, Politics
Meow-Out-Loud Humor
Cat Chic
Gear and Glam
Your cat loves a clean toilet -- don't we all? Catster's singing Cat Lady, Sarah Donner, explains why.
Cat Breeds
Foods & Treats
Health & Care
Behavior & Training
Cats & Cleaning
Cat of the Day
Photo Comments (3)Age: 7 Years Sex: Male
Photo Comments
Today I have a cage. My owners have provided me with somewhere to stay at night. I am an outdoor cat so I was free to roam the streets at night if I chose.
My owners thought it safer to have me locked up at night. It may sound mean, but trust me, its not. Its a luxury.
It has two trays, each filled with a different kind of litter. It contains separate bowls. One for milk and one for food. There is a plastic box upturned in which is my bed. It has a warm, fluffy rug inside. I also have a companion, a friendly monkey who stays with me while I sleep.
It has great shelter. toys hang from the roof. The toys provide me with fun when I'm bored. They come from all directions. The cage is not too large in height, which makes it safe for me to climb on the pole attached near the roof.
It is very nice. When I want to be let out, i just speak up. It always works. I much prefer this cage to the rugged old trailer that I used to sleep on. It had minor comfort.
Until next time, with lots of love, Fudge.
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|by Catherine Barzycki "Grandma in West Falls"
|Date Added: Monday 22 July, 2013
I bought the Gold colored mask to make my Palomino Paris the diva look stylish and it matches her golden color perfectly. I have not had to go looking for it once. The other horses can't get it off. It is very secure, and rinses and dries quickly. While the other people in my barn are searching 25 acres for their missing fly masks, I am already out on the trail.
|by Ben Myers
|Date Added: Saturday 27 April, 2013
This is a nearly perfect fly mask. Ours has the ears. The screen material is durable. (not all are!!) The fit is snug, we haven't seen any flies crawl under. Our boy has never gotten it off. There is no chafe. But the fuzzy material that eliminates the chafe is hot. You'll see a sweat line about around the head..but it's hot here in Florida now so everyone is sweating. Designs are different. Love it or hate it
|Items 1 - 2 of 2 reviews


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Bike Repair Station At University Encourages Students To Go Green
The University of Virginia provides easy access to tools and an air pump to students on campus.
In order to encourage students and faculty to travel around campus via bicycle, the University of Virginia has installed a Dero Bike Fixit station on campus. Equipped with basic tools (wrenches, screwdrivers) and a hand-operated tire pump, the Fixit station has everything the casual cyclist needs to make minor repairs on the go, for free.
Andrew Greene, sustainability planner in the Office of the Architect at UVA, notes
I realized that students had a high need of simple repairs, such as air to pump up a tire, but because they were not able to get these simple repairs, they were not using their bicycles.
Greene hopes now that students have easy access to the tools, students will use their bicycles more frequently.
UVA is not the only school to have a bike repair station; other schools, including Stanford University and the University of Utah, have similar stations.


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Memorising channel numbers is a challenge to some people. Go into the home of one of these people and without even asking "is there anything on TV?", they will want to astound you by showing they know the EPG number to every one of Sky's 17,567 channels. While news of Sky's decision to regularise the HD channel line up may come as a bitter blow to these people, for the rest of us it's pretty good news.
Sky today announced that for its HD customers the position of 40 HD channels will be swapped with their Standard Definition (SD) counterpart from 1 February. Therefore Sky 1 HD will now occupy channel 106 with the SD version heading to the nether regions of channel 170, never to be seen again. Something similar will happen for all 40 channels in Sky's HD package, which Sky says will "make it even easier for customers to discover and enjoy the best in pay television." However those of you still watching in SD won't see any change in the EPG in relation to these channels.
There will also be some other movement within the EPG with some channels getting a more prominent position. For example Comedy Central will move up 14 places from 126 to 112 with MTV filling the void, making a big step up from channel number 350. Check out the source link below for the full list of channel changes.
For all those people wanting to soak up Don Draper and his chain-smoking, vodka-swilling friends from Mad Men (along with a host of other HBO shows), you will be able to check them out on Sky Atlantic from 1 February. Sky Atlantic will be situated at channel 108 for both SD and HD subscribers – with the prominent channel position reflecting the growing following Mad Men, The Wire and other HBO shows have on this side of the Atlantic.
Source: Sky


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This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
Managing Your Records: Using Data in Your Program
Visual Studio 2005
Most programs use data in one way or another. For example, in an earlier lesson, you entered data in the form of numbers; that data was then used in a calculation with the result returned in a message box.
In very simple programs, data is represented as fields within the program itself. For more complex programs, however, data is stored in a structure separate from the program called a database.
In this set of lessons, you will learn how to create a database and use it to display and update data in your programs.
In This Section
Getting the Information You Need: Connecting to an Existing Database
Showing Information to the User: Displaying Data in Your User Interface
Related Sections


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Home > Minutes & Agendas > 1995-96
Minutes & Agendas
University of Hawaii at Manoa Faculty Senate, August 24, 1995
Architecture #205 Presiding: Co-Chairs Alison Kay and Kiyoshi Ikeda, Manoa Faculty Senate Executive Committee Senators Present: Belinda Aquino, Barry Brennan, John Casken, Sandra Chang, Joanne Cooper, Joel Cohn, Linda Cox, James Dator, Steven Dawson, Austin Dias, Joel Fischer, Dolores Foley, Patricia Fryer, Gregg Geary, Patrick Gilbert, Richard Guillory, Kathryn Hoffmann, Ruth Horie, Kiyoshi Ikeda, Wayne Iwaoka, Alison Kay, William Lampe, Bruce Liebert, Chrisopher Measures, Ralph Moberly, Jane Moulin, Peter Nicholson, Cynthia Ning, Aiko Oda, C. S. Papacostas, Robert Paull, Thomas Pearson, Tom Ramsey, Raul Rudoy, Jurgen Sang, Leon Serafim, Janice Shoultz, Thomas Speitel, John Stimson, Glenn Teves, Jane Tribble, Alice Tse, Roy Wilkens, Lorrie Wong, Ming-Bao Yue Senators Absent: James Brandon, Gaye Chan, David Chappell, Marilyn Dunlap, Sue Hanson, Patrick Henry, Adelheid Kuehnle, Barry Labonte, Nancy Lind, Margaret Maaka, Fred MacKenzie, Karen Meech, John Melish, Marian Melish, Robert Meyer, Deane Neubauer, Stephen O'Harrow, Victor Olgyay, Nicholas Ordway, Neva Owens, Karen Peacock, Teresita Ramos, Joseph Stanton, Patricia Steinhoff, Victor Stenger, Rosemarie Woodruff Senators Excused: Donna Rae Ching, Patricia Edelen-Smith, Bert Lum, Robert McLaren, Marita Nelson, James Silva, Judy Weightman Visitors: Senior Vice President Carol Eastman, Senior Vice President Dean O. Smith, Director Rodney Sakaguchi, Assistant Vice President Tom Bopp, Linda Johnsrud, Alona Trinidad, Jason Gipson, Helen Josephine, Christina Bacchilega, John Pincince, Glenn Man Meeting was called to order at 3:06 PM by Co-Chair Alison Kay. The minutes from the previous meeting, May 3, 1995, were approved as written. The members of the Senate Executive Committee (SEC) elected by the Senate for this year are Linda Cox, Jim Dator, Richard Guillory, Kiyoshi Ikeda, E. Alison Kay, Tom Pearson, and Ming-Bao Yue. Co-Chair Kay explained that, because of the unusual volume of extremely important business before the Senate this year, the SEC decided at a meeting held immediately before the present Senate to elect two co-chair, instead of a chair and vice-chair. Alison Kay and Kiyoshi Ikeda will share the job of chairing the Senate and SEC this year. Linda Cox was chosen as the Secretary of the Senate Executive Committee and Jim Dator will serve as Secretary to the Senate and the Faculty Congress. SEC Liaison to Senate Faculty Committee are: Committee on Academic Policy and Planning--Ming-Bao Yue Committee on Student Affairs--Linda Cox Committee on Professional Matters--Richard Guillory Committee on Administration and Budget--Tom Pearson Committee on Faculty Service--Alison Kay and Kiyoshi Ikeda Committee on Athletics--Jim Dator Chairs' Report: Co-Chair Kay apologized for calling a meeting of the Senate so early in the semester--an August meeting is almost without precedent. However, she assumed that everyone was aware of the urgency of Faculty response to the budget crisis afflicting the University. She pointed out that the SEC had been meeting over the summer with the President and other University officers in order to stay informed of fast-breaking developments. She also mentioned to meetings in August, one with the President and the Board of Regents (BOR) and the other with the Deans and Directors of UHM, where budget cuts were discussed. Co-Chair Kay pointed out to the Senate the existence of a draft of a letter from the Senate which she had drafted, and which the SEC and others had helped modify. She urged Senators and others to submit their suggestions in writing on the draft immediately, and to give them to her at the end of the Senate meeting. Otherwise, she asked that any suggestions be submitted to her before 10 AM the next morning (Thursday, August 24). She will incorporate whatever suggestions she can, and will submit the statement to the editors of the Advertiser and the Star-Bulletin, as well as to Ka Leo. While students and individual faculty have expressed their concern publicly, and while the editors of the Star-Bulletin have also supported the University in their editorials, the Senate per se had not taken a public stand on the extreme seriousness of the budget situation. The statement in hand is intended to rectify that. Co-Chair Kay also said that the General Education Project, which had been begun in a symposium last year, is continuing its work and will be meeting with representatives of the entire UH system this year to define goals and objectives for UH General Education. The Focus on Manoa group had finished its meetings and a statement to the Faculty about its recommendations would be forthcoming very soon. The two primary issues before the Senate so far this year, said Co-Chair Kay, are a review of the current Tenure and Promotion procedures of UHM. An ad hoc committee convened to begin work on this, and chaired by Patricia Fryer, will become part of the Senate Committee on Professional Matters. The main matter of concern will be preserving the integrity and quality of the academic program of UHM during this period of drastic downsizing. This will initially be the concern of the Senate Committee on Academic Policy and Planning. Co-Chair Kay then introduced SVP Carol Eastman, SVP Dean O. Smith, SVP Tom Bopp, and Director Rodney Sakaguchi to discuss the current situation of the budget crisis. SVP Eastman began by reiterating Co-Chair Kay's statement about the Focus on Manoa report. [The rest of SVP Eastman's discussion was devoted to the budget crisis.] While the Administration had asked the Deans and Directors of all units last year to indicate what the impact of an anticipated 5% budget cut might be, at the end of the summer, Governor Ben Cayetano announced that the University System must take a 10.6% immediate cut. At an unusual August meeting, the BOR decided that the UHM proportion of that cut should be 67%. This was because UHM already gets slightly more than that percent of the System budget, and that a larger entity, such as UHM, can absorb a larger hit better than a smaller entity, such as West Oahu, can. There are also many other financial uncertainties (such as the full consequences of Early Retirement) and many constraints on cuts (such as guaranteeing Student Access to Higher Education, EEO, Audit & Control, and professional accreditation requirements, and the like). The UHM administration decided not to take an "across the board" budget-cutting approach but rather to use the results of the recent Prioritization Process along with the Faculty Senate Prioritization Recommendations, and the assumption that "different responsibilities mean different funding" to cut some units more than others. The Deans and Directors of all units have been informed by the Administration what their allocations will be, and they are to tell the Administration next week what the impact of those allocations are on their unit. Each Department or Unit head should find out from and/or discuss with his/her Dean or Director how the Dean or Director then intends to allocate the severely restricted funds within his/her unit. Faculty members should then find out from and/or discuss this with their unit heads. [A question and answer period then followed. Among the many points raised and responses made were these {Note: None of the below is intended to be an exact quotation of what anyone said, except when included within quotation marks}]: Q: Can we expect a cut of "only" 5% next year? Eastman: Hope and work for it, but expect and plan for at least 10%. The seriousness and extreme undesirability of the current restrictions on the Library--a 25% cut-- was widely expressed by many and acknowledged by SVP Eastman who hoped the severely restricted hours, and freeze on purchasing new books and journals, would soon be lifted, perhaps within three weeks or so. The fact that access not only books, but to the CLIC computer lab, was severely impacted with the extreme restriction of Sinclair Library hours was acknowledged. Q: A recent Ku Lama article listed specific units to be eliminated or reorganized. How was this list determined? Eastman: The article was mistaken and misleading in its phrasing. It was a semantic disaster. None of the units listed will be closed, though all may be reorganized. Q: Since Ku Lama is an official organ of the Administration, how did this error happen? Eastman: "I have no answer for that." But no vertical cuts (complete elimination of units) are being planned at this time. The School of Public Health, for example, will continue to offer courses and grant degrees though perhaps not as a separate unit as it is now. It is not possible to make any sensible vertical cuts at this time. There has not been adequate time to assess the consequences of such. Q: Will overhead be confiscated by the Administration as has been rumored? [SVP Smith responds]: "Over my dead body." Smith then explains that more will be known about overhead shortly, but that new expenses for RCUH management and reduction of the UH Federal overhead rate mean immediate increased expenses for UH. Q: What about the big computerized accounting system we bought? Smith: It is still being developed. It is expected to be phased in a year later than originally anticipated. Q: Will this delay cost the UH more money? Smith: "I don't know." Q: Will the Administration provide the Faculty with a list of units which the Legislature has ordered be protected? [This later was expanded to a request for a list of all Legislatively-mandated units at UHM]. Director Sakaguchi agreed to provide such a list, noting that none was immediately available. Q: How much more can the University take and still be a viable university? Is there a point where we will say to the Governor that we just can't take any more? Eastman: The President has been effective in one-on-one talks with the Governor to prevent some cuts and to restore some funds. The faculty and students need to help by informing everyone what the consequences of current and impending cuts truly are. Only you know. The Administration can not know the true effect of the cuts until you tell us and others. Co-Chair Ikeda intervened at this point saying that he feels he has been on a roller coaster this summer--every meeting has produced a different set of budget numbers. He is working to set up an email Hot Line so that faculty members can immediately send in statements about the impacts and/or suggestions concerning what to do about or to prevent them. Rumors abound. We need facts. Co-Chair Kay reminded everyone that UHM is not very popular in the community. We need to work to get community support; to show that we deserve adequate funding. SVP Eastman noted that the Administration PR office is extremely thin and understaffed. In fact it has itself been cut. So it is very difficult for the Administration to get the word out by itself, and it certainly can't hire more PR types at this time. The Faculty must be more active in informing everyone of the impact of the cuts. Q: What is the position of the BOR on teaching vs. other Faculty duties? It seems to want us just to do more teaching and to abandon everything else. Eastman: The BOR just wants to be assured that the Faculty is doing its job. They need to understand that Work Load does NOT equal Teaching Load, and we are getting that message across to them. It turns out that room size is a factor seriously limiting class size. We just can't squeeze more students into existing rooms. We need to show the BOR that we all are working our utmost, and I think we are getting them to see that. Q. What if my Dean/Director doesn't inform me or get me involved? Kay: Let the SEC know. Eastman: And me too. My door is open. Q: Is there some way to eliminate all of the needless form-filing and reporting we are required to do that takes time away from teaching, research and service? Eastman: I am with you on that one 100%, but it is very difficult to do because it is often someone's job description, so we have personnel and union problems. It takes time, but we are working on it. Q: I have read that there will be an increase in high school graduates, and that is the justification for West Oahu. Eastman: West Oahu is a State Priority. AVP Bopp: For UHM, increased high school graduates is not a factor. Our increase comes from "non-traditional" students. Eastman: Also, UHM is NOT slated to grow any more. No new acreage exists and their is not much new building space. If there is growth, it will come elsewhere, such as West Oahu. Q: Is the Governor withholding money for West Oahu? Eastman: "I don't know." Q: What is UHM going to do if we can't grow? Eastman: Perhaps place a cap on admission here, with Access to Higher Education guaranteed elsewhere. We can do that if we tie the cap to an increase in quality at UHM. After determining there was no old or new business, Co-Chair Kay adjourned the meeting at 4:14 PM. Respectfully Submitted Jim Dator Secretary


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Amber Tamblyn on Earning Her "extracurricular street cred"
Actress Amber Tamblyn has been writing poetry since childhood. And she's working on a collaboration with Marilyn Manson. Seriously. This Charleston Gazette article says so:
"My parents raised me around a lot of poets, writers and musicians," she said. "People of that world. I just grew up around that culture."
Tamblyn is the daughter of Bonnie Murray Tamblyn, a folk singer, and Russ Tamblyn, an actor best known for his Oscar-nominated performance as Rif in the film version of "West Side Story."
She started writing poetry when she was 9 years old and began publishing while in her teens. She did not make a huge splash on the literary scene, but that was never the point.
"My mom used to take me to Kinkos," she said. "I would publish chapbooks and sell them at school for a dollar."
Better than whatever money she made was holding those books in her hands, Tamblyn said. She loved to see the hard copy of what she'd done.
She eventually did publish two books of poetry. A third, a poetry and painting collaboration with shock-rocker Marilyn Manson, is in the works.
"That might take a year or so," she laughed. "He's off on tour being his fabulous self, wrapped in saran wrap."
The two were introduced a few years ago by a mutual friend.
"He's a phenomenal artist and painter," she said, "and he's just very poetic."
Tags: Amber Tamblyn, Marilyn Manson
Posted in Poetry News on Friday, March 2nd, 2012 by Harriet Staff.