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The Theory of the Theatre and Other Principles of Dramatic Criticism
The Modern Social Drama
Hamilton, Clayton
The modern social drama—or the problem play, as it is popularly called—did not come into existence till the fourth decade of the nineteenth century; but in less than eighty years it has shown itself to be the fittest expression in dramaturgic terms of the spirit of the present age; and it is therefore being written, to the exclusion of almost every other type, by nearly all the contemporary dramatists of international importance. This type of drama, currently prevailing, is being continually impugned by a certain set of critics, and by another set continually defended. In especial, the morality of the modern social drama has been a theme for bitter conflict; and critics have been so busy calling Ibsen a corrupter of the mind or a great ethical teacher that they have not found leisure to consider the more general and less contentious questions of what the modern social drama really is, and of precisely on what ground its morality should be determined. It may be profitable, therefore, to stand aloof from such discussion for a moment, in order to inquire calmly what it is all about.
Although the modern social drama is sometimes comic in its mood—
The Gay Lord Quex
, for instance—its main development has been upon the serious side; and it may be criticised most clearly as a modern type of tragedy. In order, therefore, to understand its essential qualities, we must first consider somewhat carefully the nature of tragedy in general. The theme of all drama is, of course, a struggle of human wills; and the special theme of tragic drama is a struggle necessarily foredoomed to failure because the individual human will is pitted against opposing forces stronger than itself. Tragedy presents the spectacle of a human being shattering himself against insuperable obstacles. Thereby it awakens pity, because the hero cannot win, and terror, because the forces arrayed against him cannot lose.
If we rapidly review the history of tragedy, we shall see that three types, and only three, have thus far been devised; and these types are to be distinguished according to the nature of the forces set in opposition to the wills of the characters. In other words, the dramatic imagination of all humanity has thus far been able to conceive only three types of struggle which are necessarily foredoomed to failure,—only three different varieties of forces so strong as to defeat inevitably any individual human being who comes into conflict with them. The first of these types was discovered by Aeschylus and perfected by Sophocles; the second was discovered by Christopher Marlowe and perfected by Shakespeare; and the third was discovered by Victor Hugo and perfected by Ibsen.
The first type, which is represented by Greek tragedy, displays the individual in conflict with Fate, an inscrutable power dominating alike the actions of men and of gods. It is the God of the gods,—the destiny of which they are the instruments and ministers. Through irreverence, through vainglory, through disobedience, through weakness, the tragic hero becomes entangled in the meshes that Fate sets for the unwary; he struggles and struggles to get free, but his efforts are necessarily of no avail. He has transgressed the law of laws, and he is therefore doomed to inevitable agony. Because of this superhuman aspect of the tragic struggle, the Greek drama was religious in tone, and stimulated in the spectator the reverent and lofty mood of awe.
The second type of tragedy, which is represented by the great Elizabethan drama, displays the individual foredoomed to failure, no longer because of the preponderant power of destiny, but because of certain defects inherent in his own nature. The Fate of the Greeks has become humanised and made subjective. Christopher Marlowe was the first of the world's dramatists thus to set the God of all the gods within the soul itself of the man who suffers and contends and dies. But he imagined only one phase of the new and epoch-making tragic theme that he discovered. The one thing that he accomplished was to depict the ruin of an heroic nature through an insatiable ambition for supremacy, doomed by its own vastitude to defeat itself,—supremacy of conquest and dominion with Tamburlaine, supremacy of knowledge with Dr. Faustus, supremacy of wealth with Barabas, the Jew of Malta. Shakespeare, with his wider mind, presented many other phases of this new type of tragic theme. Macbeth is destroyed by vaulting ambition that o'erleaps itself; Hamlet is ruined by irresoluteness and contemplative procrastination. If Othello were not overtrustful, if Lear were not decadent in senility, they would not be doomed to die in the conflict that confronts them. They fall self-ruined, self-destroyed. This second type of tragedy is less lofty and religious than the first; but it is more human, and therefore, to the spectator, more poignant. We learn more about God by watching the annihilation of an individual by Fate; but we learn more about Man by watching the annihilation of an individual by himself. Greek tragedy sends our souls through the invisible; but Elizabethan tragedy answers, "Thou thyself art Heaven and Hell."
The third type of tragedy is represented by the modern social drama. In this the individual is displayed in conflict with his environment; and the drama deals with the mighty war between personal character and social conditions. The Greek hero struggles with the superhuman; the Elizabethan hero struggles with himself; the modern hero struggles with the world. Dr. Stockmann, in Ibsen's
An Enemy of the People
, is perhaps the most definitive example of the type, although the play in which he appears is not, strictly speaking, a tragedy. He says that he is the strongest man on earth because he stands most alone. On the one side are the legions of society; on the other side a man. This is such stuff as modern plays are made of.
Thus, whereas the Greeks religiously ascribed the source of all inevitable doom to divine foreordination, and the Elizabethans poetically ascribed it to the weaknesses the human soul is heir to, the moderns prefer to ascribe it scientifically to the dissidence between the individual and his social environment. With the Greeks the catastrophe of man was decreed by Fate; with the Elizabethans it was decreed by his own soul; with us it is decreed by Mrs. Grundy. Heaven and Hell were once enthroned high above Olympus; then, as with Marlowe's Mephistophilis, they were seated deep in every individual soul; now at last they have been located in the prim parlor of the conventional dame next door. Obviously the modern type of tragedy is inherently less religious than the Greek, since science has as yet induced no dwelling-place for God. It is also inherently less poetic than the Elizabethan, since sociological discussion demands the mood of prose.
Such being in general the theme and the aspect of the modern social drama, we may next consider briefly how it came into being. Like a great deal else in contemporary art, it could not possibly have been engendered before that tumultuous upheaval of human thought which produced in history the French Revolution and in literature the resurgence of romance. During the eighteenth century, both in England and in France, society was considered paramount and the individual subservient. Each man was believed to exist for the sake of the social mechanism of which he formed a part: the chain was the thing,—not its weakest, nor even its strongest, link. But the French Revolution and the cognate romantic revival in the arts unsettled this conservative belief, and made men wonder whether society, after all, did not exist solely for the sake of the individual. Early eighteenth century literature is a polite and polished exaltation of society, and preaches that the majority is always right; early nineteenth century literature is a clamorous paean of individualism, and preaches that the majority is always wrong. Considering the modern social drama as a phase of history, we see at once that it is based upon the struggle between these two beliefs. It exhibits always a conflict between the individual revolutionist and the communal conservatives, and expresses the growing tendency of these opposing forces to adjust themselves to equilibrium.
Thus considered, the modern social drama is seen to be inherently and necessarily the product and the expression of the nineteenth century. Through no other type of drama could the present age reveal itself so fully; for the relation between the one and the many, in politics, in religion, in the daily round of life itself, has been, and still remains, the most important topic of our times. The paramount human problem of the last hundred years has been the great, as yet unanswered, question whether the strongest man on earth is he who stands most alone or he who subserves the greatest good of the greatest number. Upon the struggle implicit in this question the modern drama necessarily is based, since the dramatist, in any period when the theatre is really alive, is obliged to tell the people in the audience what they have themselves been thinking. Those critics, therefore, have no ground to stand on who belittle the importance of the modern social drama and regard it as an arbitrary phase of art devised, for business reasons merely, by a handful of clever playwrights.
Although the third and modern type of tragedy has grown to be almost exclusively the property of realistic writers, it is interesting to recall that it was first introduced into the theatre of the world by the king of the romantics. It was Victor Hugo's
, produced in 1830, which first exhibited a dramatic struggle between an individual and society at large. The hero is a bandit and an outlaw, and he is doomed to failure because of the superior power of organised society arrayed against him. So many minor victories were won at that famous
that even Hugo's followers were too excited to perceive that he had given the drama a new subject and the theatre a new theme; but this epoch-making fact may now be clearly recognised in retrospect.
, and all of Victor Hugo's subsequent dramas, dealt, however, with distant times and lands; and it was left to another great romantic, Alexander Dumas
, to be the first to give the modern theme a modern setting. In his best play,
, which exhibits the struggle of a bastard to establish himself in the so-called best society, Dumas brought the discussion home to his own country and his own period. In the hands of that extremely gifted dramatist, Emile Augier, the new type of serious drama passed over into the possession of the realists, and so downward to the latter-day realistic dramatists of France and England, Germany and Scandinavia. The supreme and the most typical creative figure of the entire period is, of course, the Norwegian Henrik Ibsen, who—such is the irony of progress—despised the romantics of 1830, and frequently expressed a bitter scorn for those predecessors who discovered and developed the type of tragedy which he perfected.
We are now prepared to inquire more closely into the specific sort of subject which the modern social drama imposes on the dramatist. The existence of any struggle between an individual and the conventions of society presupposes that the individual is unconventional. If the hero were in accord with society, there would be no conflict of contending forces: he must therefore be one of society's outlaws, or else there can be no play. In modern times, therefore, the serious drama has been forced to select as its leading figures men and women outcast and condemned by conventional society. It has dealt with courtesans (
La Dame Aux Cam�lias
), demi-mondaines (
Le Demi-Monde
), erring wives (
), women with a past (
The Second Mrs. Tanqueray
), free lovers (
The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith
), bastards (
Le Fils Naturel
), ex-convicts (
John Gabriel Borkman
), people with ideas in advance of their time (
), and a host of other characters that are usually considered dangerous to society. In order that the dramatic struggle might be tense, the dramatists have been forced to strengthen the cases of their characters so as to suggest that, perhaps, in the special situations cited, the outcasts were right and society was wrong. Of course it would be impossible to base a play upon the thesis that, in a given conflict between the individual and society, society was indisputably right and the individual indubitably wrong; because the essential element of struggle would be absent. Our modern dramatists, therefore, have been forced to deal with
outcasts of society,—outcasts with whom the audience might justly sympathise in their conflict with convention. The task of finding such justifiable outcasts has of necessity narrowed the subject-matter of the modern drama. It would be hard, for instance, to make out a good case against society for the robber, the murderer, the anarchist. But it is comparatively easy to make out a good case for a man and a woman involved in some sexual relation which brings upon them the censure of society but which seems in itself its own excuse for being. Our modern serious dramatists have been driven, therefore, in the great majority of cases, to deal almost exclusively with problems of sex.
This necessity has pushed them upon dangerous ground. Man is, after all, a social animal. The necessity of maintaining the solidarity of the family—a necessity (as the late John Fiske luminously pointed out) due to the long period of infancy in man—has forced mankind to adopt certain social laws to regulate the interrelations of men and women. Any strong attempt to subvert these laws is dangerous not only to that tissue of convention called society but also to the development of the human race. And here we find our dramatists forced—first by the spirit of the times, which gives them their theme, and second by the nature of the dramatic art, which demands a special treatment of that theme—to hold a brief for certain men and women who have shuffled off the coil of those very social laws that man has devised, with his best wisdom, for the preservation of his race. And the question naturally follows: Is a drama that does this moral or immoral?
But the philosophical basis for this question is usually not understood at all by those critics who presume to answer the question off-hand in a spasm of polemics. It is interesting, as an evidence of the shallowness of most contemporary dramatic criticism, to read over, in the course of Mr. Shaw's nimble essay on
The Quintessence of Ibsenism
, the collection which the author has made of the adverse notices of
which appeared in the London newspapers on the occasion of the first performance of the play in England. Unanimously they commit the fallacy of condemning the piece as immoral because of the subject that it deals with. And, on the other hand, it must be recognised that most of the critical defenses of the same piece, and of other modern works of similar nature, have been based upon the identical fallacy,—that morality or immorality is a question of subject-matter. But either to condemn or to defend the morality of any work of art because of its material alone is merely a waste of words. There is no such thing,
per se
, as an immoral subject for a play: in the treatment of the subject, and only in the treatment, lies the basis for ethical judgment of the piece. Critics who condemn
because of its subject-matter might as well condemn
because the hero kills his wife—what a suggestion, look you, to carry into our homes!
is not immoral, though it makes night hideous with murder. The greatest of all Greek dramas,
Oedipus King
, is in itself sufficient proof that morality is a thing apart from subject-matter; and Shelley's
The Cenci
is another case in point. The only way in which a play may be immoral is for it to cloud, in the spectator, the consciousness of those invariable laws of life which say to man "Thou shalt not" or "Thou shalt"; and the one thing needful in order that a drama may be moral is that the author shall maintain throughout the piece a sane and truthful insight into the soundness or unsoundness of the relations between his characters. He must know when they are right and know when they are wrong, and must make clear to the audience the reasons for his judgments. He cannot be immoral unless he is untrue. To make us pity his characters when they are vile or love them when they are noxious, to invent excuses for them in situations where they cannot be excused—in a single word, to lie about his characters—this is for the dramatist the one unpardonable sin. Consequently, the only sane course for a critic who wishes to maintain the thesis that
, or any other modern play, is immoral, is not to hurl mud at it, but to prove by the sound processes of logic that the play tells lies about life; and the only sane way to defend such a piece is not to prate about the "moral lesson" the critic supposes that it teaches, but to prove logically that it tells the truth.
The same test of truthfulness by which we distinguish good workmanship from bad is the only test by which we may conclusively distinguish immoral art from moral. Yet many of the controversial critics never calm down sufficiently to apply this test. Instead of arguing whether or not Ibsen tells the truth about Hedda Gabler, they quarrel with him or defend him for talking about her at all. It is as if zo�logists who had assembled to determine the truth or falsity of some scientific theory concerning the anatomy of a reptile should waste all their time in contending whether or not the reptile was unclean.
And even when they do apply the test of truthfulness, many critics are troubled by a grave misconception that leads them into error. They make the mistake of applying
to life certain ethical judgments that the dramatist means only to apply
to the special people in his play. The danger of this fallacy cannot be too strongly emphasised. It is not the business of the dramatist to formulate general laws of conduct; he leaves that to the social scientist, the ethical philosopher, the religious preacher. His business is merely to tell the truth about certain special characters involved in certain special situations. If the characters and the situations be abnormal, the dramatist must recognise that fact in judging them; and it is not just for the critic to apply to ordinary people in the ordinary situations of life a judgment thus conditioned. The question in
La Dame Aux Cam�lias
is not whether the class of women which Marguerite Gautier represents is generally estimable, but whether a particular woman of that class, set in certain special circumstances, was not worthy of sympathy. The question in
A Doll's House
is not whether any woman should forsake her husband and children when she happens to feel like it, but whether a particular woman, Nora, living under special conditions with a certain kind of husband, Torwald, really did deem herself justified in leaving her doll's home, perhaps forever. The ethics of any play should be determined, not externally, but within the limits of the play itself. And yet our modern social dramatists are persistently misjudged. We hear talk of the moral teaching of Ibsen,—as if, instead of being a maker of plays, he had been a maker of golden rules. But Mr. Shaw came nearer to the truth with his famous paradox that the only golden rule in Ibsen's dramas is that there is no golden rule.
It must, however, be admitted that the dramatists themselves are not entirely guiltless of this current critical misconception. Most of them happen to be realists, and in devising their situations they aim to be narrowly natural as well as broadly true. The result is that the circumstances of their plays have an
look which makes them seem simple transcripts of everyday life instead of special studies of life under peculiar conditions. Consequently the audience, and even the critic, is tempted to judge life in terms of the play instead of judging the play in terms of life. Thus falsely judged,
The Wild Duck
(to take an emphatic instance) is outrageously immoral, although it must be judged moral by the philosophic critic who questions only whether or not Ibsen told the truth about the particular people involved in its depressing story. The deeper question remains: Was Ibsen justified in writing a play which was true and therefore moral, but which necessarily would have an immoral effect on nine spectators out of every ten, because they would instinctively make a hasty and false generalisation from the exceptional and very particular ethics implicit in the story?
For it must be bravely recognised that any statement of truth which is so framed as to be falsely understood conveys a lie. If the dramatist says quite truly, "This particular leaf is sere and yellow," and if the audience quite falsely understands him to say, "All leaves are sere and yellow," the gigantic lie has illogically been conveyed that the world is ever windy with autumn, that spring is but a lyric dream, and summer an illusion. The modern social drama, even when it is most truthful within its own limits, is by its very nature liable to just this sort of illogical conveyance of a lie. It sets forth a struggle between a radical exception and a conservative rule; and the audience is likely to forget that the exception is merely an exception, and to infer that it is greater than the rule. Such an inference, being untrue, is immoral; and in so far as a dramatist aids and abets it, he must be judged dangerous to the theatre-going public.
Whenever, then, it becomes important to determine whether a new play of the modern social type is moral or immoral, the critic should decide first whether the author tells lies specifically about any of the people in his story, and second, provided that the playwright passes the first test successfully, whether he allures the audience to generalise falsely in regard to life at large from the specific circumstances of his play. These two questions are the only ones that need to be decided. This is the crux of the whole matter. And it has been the purpose of the present chapter merely to establish this one point by historical and philosophic criticism, and thus to clear the ground for subsequent discussion.
Terms Defined
Referenced Works


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"Lightsaber on!" jokes aside, Kinect Star Wars should be really cool. The Star Wars universe was friggin' made for a near-magical technology like Kinect, making the lukewarm impressions from E3 and Gamescom all the more disheartening.
It appears Microsoft and Terminal Reality have come to realize the game could use some more work, too, telling OXM (and then confirmed by me) that Kinect Star Wars will no longer be released this year.
"Microsoft and LucasArts have elected to move the launch of Kinect Star Wars beyond holiday 2011 to ensure the full potential of this title is realized," said the company in a statement. "We will communicate additional timing information at a later date."
Perhaps more distressing, the R2D2-themed Xbox 360 has also been delayed.
[insert Star Wars joke about a million voices dying out or something]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Celebrity Sauce
I would like TAYLOR SWIFT a million times more if this were actually HER idea... alas, she's not this cool. A fake Taylor Tweet congratulating KANYE WEST and KIM KARDASHIAN on the birth of their baby has gone viral. It says, quote, "@KimKardashian @kanyewest. Yo, I'm happy for you and I'mma let you finish but BEYONCÉ had one of the best labors of all time." Fabulous.
Ooooohhhh... People are MAD at LIL WAYNE! He was in New Orleans to film the video for a track called "God Bless Amerika", and things got a little controversial. There's video from the set, which shows Wayne desecrating an American flag on the ground by dancing on it. The clip begins with Wayne in front of a giant flag that's hanging behind him. The flag is then dropped to the ground, and Wayne proceeds to stand on it . . . walk on it . . . and dance on it. Watch:
Here's a little eye-candy for the ladies and the gays... "Man of Steel's" HENRY CAVILL got absolutely SHREDDED for his role as Superman. And there's a new promotional video for the National Guard where he talks about how he did it, works out with kettle bells, and stays pretty much shirtless the entire time. YOU'RE WELCOME!


text:
Unsafe Worksite Conditions
Cracks, fissures, unexplained debris, water damage. These are all indications that a structure's integrity has been compromised and that the building may collapse at any time. A construction company or contractor bringing people in to work on such a building should take the time to determine whether it is safe to work in and not let pressure to get the job done supersede this duty of care.
But that is what happened on a demolition job in Harlem, where one worker inside the building which was already showing significant cracks was crushed when the floor above him suddenly collapsed as he was working on a wall with a sledge hammer. The 69-year-old worker sustained severe head injuries and died instantly as the building literally fell on him. The contractor had known about the cracks, and had already been cited for the lack of safety gear worn on the work site. Not that a hardhat would have been of any use to the unfortunate worker, who should not have been working in the building in the first place.
Such accidents are not uncommon in the construction industry, and with New York City cutting down on its building inspection budget, more are likely to occur. It is estimated that with the current number of construction sites in the city, it will take the remaining inspectors more than 100 years to thoroughly inspect each and every site.
It is the responsibility of contractors and the construction companies to make sure that their worksites are safe for workers as well as the general public even if they are not inspected by the city regulators. It is just more practical because when a worker or member of the public is injured or killed because of a preventable accident, they are liable for it.
If you have been seriously injured in a construction accident, chances are you are eligible for compensation. Find a good New York construction accident lawyer and make your claim.


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It's that time of year where people need a BOOST: to get to the gym, to put down that cookie, to stick to their plan! How do you get up in the dark, when it's cold? Sure you don't WANT TO. Gotta be honest, NO ONE WANTS TO at first.
We DECIDE,
Habits are the stepping stones to motivation. Its rare we wake up and jump right into a workout routine that we love and feel amazing at. But little by little we go far. What if you waited to feel motivated to go into your job? How long would it be? A week, a month--you wouldn't have a job left to go to! We form habits, get up, get coffee, go to work. Day in and day out. Money is a great motivator for that and habits formed that produce RESULTS are the driving force behind motivation.
- get a partner to help you. Form habits together and insist that you stick to them.
- be realistic. start small. Pack that gym bag and aim for 2 weeks at the gym. 3 days is a bonus.
- keep your word to yourself. just like your boss at your job knows you are trustworthy to show up, be your own BOSS and show up for what you planned.
- just do it today. Don't worry about tomorrow. Tomorrow you can worry about your habits for that day.
- this is about YOU. Your life, your health, your strength, your longevity, your example to your kids. This isn't about an event, your spouse or even your "haters" who think you can't do it.
"absolutely not, I pay no attention to it. To admit I listen to any critic, to say it affects me in anyway would basically be admitting I am mentally weak. My motivation, my fire burns so hot and so deep from within, there is no way in hell some random person and their opinions could ever affect me."


text:
The Interlibrary Services Unit coordinates the interlibrary loan (ILL) activity of the University of Hartford, where material is exchanged among libraries for the benefit of each group of users in accordance with the National Interlibrary Loan Code.
ILL service is available to current faculty, staff and students at the University. Guest borrowers and alumni should use their local public libraries for their interlibrary loan needs.Material that can be requested through interlibrary loan:
Material that cannot be requested through interlibrary loan:
Click here to access ILLiad @ H, the University of Hartford's interlibrary loan management system. Place requests using the request forms within ILLiad, or look for the Request through ILLiad @ H link that appears within the WorldCat, EBSCO and ProQuest databases on the detailed record screens.
For more information about Interlibrary Services and interlibrary loan:
Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law.


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3&5 Day Throwing Courses: For Adults
Whether you are a student potter, a keen amateur, an improver or a complete beginner, a throwing course at the historic Leach Pottery is a unique and rarefied experience. Learn techniques, explore new approaches, or just have dedicated time and space to develop your own practice.
Beginner / Intermediate Throwing Courses
We offer a 3 or 5 day practice-based throwing course aimed at beginners who would like to learn basic throwing skills and for those who have some experience of throwing, and would like to further develop their skills. This is an opportunity to learn new skills and brush up on essential techniques.
The course will cover: Clay preparation – wedging techniques, centering clay on the wheel, throwing basic cylinders then moving on to different forms – Jugs, vases, plates, bowls etc. Practicing your preferred form, throwing to specific measurements and repeat throwing. Turning and finishing, pulling and attaching handles and decorating techniques.
The workshop includes an introductory assessment of needs, plus some one-to-one tuition per day with one of our professional potters (as part of a small group with a maximum of 4 students). Working in the historic Leach Pottery, within the environment of a professional pottery studio, museum and gallery offers a unique experience.
For more details or to discuss your specific needs please email Margaret Parma at email@example.com. Or RESERVE ONLINE now.
Forthcoming course dates for 2017:
5th - 9th June (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
12th - 14th June (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
26th - 30th June (5 days) FULLY BOOKED
3rd - 7th July (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
10th - 12th July (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
17th - 21st July (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
31st July - 2nd August (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
7th - 11th August (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
21st - 25th August (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
28th - 30th August (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
11th - 15th September (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
18th-20th September (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
25th - 27th September (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
9th - 13th October (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
16th - 18th October (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
23rd to 25th October (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
6th - 10th November (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
20th - 22nd November (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
4th - 8th December (5 day) FULLY BOOKED
11th - 13th December (3 day) FULLY BOOKED
Workshop summary:
- Duration – 3 or 5 days (10am – 4pm daily)
- Designed to improve your throwing skills, techniques and experience
- Maximum of 4 students
- Lots of time for one-to-one tuition sessions on a daily basis with the tutor
- Held in Bernard Leach's personal studio
- Clay supplied. This is our standard tableware body.
- Participants can choose one piece that will be fired here in one of our reduction kilns (postage charge will apply).
- Basic set of tools per student provided if required.
- Cost: £300 (3 days) and £450 (5 days).


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Product Description
We are professional manufacturer of cosmetics packaging. located in SongXia Industrial Zone,GuangDong province,China . It has an advantaged location and convenient transporting condition. We produce and develop every kind of package containers: such as acrylic cream jar series,acrylic lotion bottle series , airless bottle & Jar series,deodorant stick series, deodorant roll on series, PP bottles, Jars, Aluminum Jar and all kinds of plastic bottle series,etc.
PET bottle,lotion bottle,pump plastic bottle,150ml plastic bottle Images


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zpstl321 wrote:There really are thousands upon thousands of reviews that say the same thing in slightly different wording
Thats a bit of stretch, maybe from the same few folks.
I get great patterns out of my guns with hevi metal, but I think one thing most of y'all are forgetting is the fact that a large percentage of the general waterfowling public does not give a rats *** about patterning or even think about patterning their load/choke/gun combos. What most of them are concerned with is if they are getting dead ducks in the spread, and with some of the 15-30 yard patterns I have gotten and seen from others, that stuff is very dead. I think people automatically think if it comes from EMI it should be a long range shell, and HM is really not, its a pattern density shell. What people are willing to pay is up to them, and they should not be judged by that. Also ammo is a drop in the bucket compared to what we spend on all the other gear we acquire, Lost you say that all the time and it is 100% true. Also there is the human factor you are all forgetting, and it is based off confidence. 90% of wingshooting is confidence and IMO there is only so much science that can be read into it, and is truly more of an art. Yes patterns help show you where it is you are shooting, but coming up and taking a bird takes confidence, not science.


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The Fairfield County Field Hockey Association was created in 2004 with the intent to promote the sport of field hockey to youth girls in a competitive, fun, and safe environment where they can learn the basic essentials of the sport. The association is for towns that reside in Fairfield County and the surrounding areas in NY. The towns involved created a governing board which includes a representative from each town. This gives all towns that are involved, an equal say in decisions that are made.
questions? email Kelly Vegliante @
New Privacy Policy


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This morning, in my usual routine, I sipped a cup of coffee while reading the latest news around the Open XML file formats. I have a few blogs I follow regularly, and I also usually do a few searches to see what has been written in various media.
The 30- day contradiction comment period for Open XML just came to a close this week, so there were several new articles and blog posts about the continuing ISO standards process. (For those who don't know, the contradiction comment period is when the "national bodies" (NBs) take a look at whether a proposed standard prevents use of any existing ISO/IEC/JTC1 standards, and if so they can submit their perceived contradiction to JTC1 for possible resolution. I'm not going to get into all of the procedural details here, but Brian Jones has a good overview if you're curious.)
Anyway, in following links between various articles and blog posts this morning I came across a piece by Andy Updegrove in which he wrote this:
"According to one story, at least one of these countries (India) was considering responding by abstaining from voting, in protest over the extremely short amount of time provided to review the voluminous specification. Instead, it appears that it opted to knuckle down, finish its review, and submit contradictions instead."
Now, this piece rather surprised me. I happened to have returned from India less than 24 hours ago, and among other things, I was involved in some meetings and discussions with the people in India who have the responsibility of deciding whether to submit contradictions. I was very impressed with their thoroughness and interest in hearing all sides of the issues, and I certainly didn't know that they had submitted any contradictions to ISO.
Well, maybe Andy knows something I don't, or maybe he's just quoting somebody who got the facts wrong. There's been rather a lot of that getting-the-facts wrong stuff lately when it comes to file formats, you know. 🙂
So I clicked on the link he provided, thinking I'd read about India "submitting contradictions" to ISO. But that article doesn't say any such thing! And in fact, when I followed the link I immediately recognized the article because I happen to have read it in New Delhi on Monday morning, a good 12 hours before India had responded to ISO on this matter. I remembered it because I got a good laugh out of the "against the human spirit" comment in it — the Times of India never fails to make me laugh.
So let me get this right. Andy Updegrove makes up an Indian response to the ISO Fast-Track process, then to support his fabrication he links to an article that was published before India had even responded to ISO, and one which in any event makes no mention at all of India submitting a contradiction. And then, just to help get the word out, an IBM VP links to Andy's article to help him spread this fabrication. (Presumably they do it this way so that nobody at IBM is actually telling lies, they're just linking to the lies others tell on their behalf.)
Wow. Desperate times for IBM, it seems. And their respect for the ISO standards process is downright palpable, wouldn't you say?
By the way … unlike Andy and his boosters, I won't actually discuss the details of what countries have filed during the 30-day comment period. That's not appropriate at this time, and certainly not appropriate for those who aren't actually speaking from firsthand knowledge. But I will say this: India's not the only misrepresentation on the list they're passing around today, by a long shot. It just happens to be the country where I've spent the last week, so I thought I'd comment on that specific one for now.


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Build a Rocket Ship
Plan a trip to the moon or through the rings of Saturn while you show your child how to make a rocket ship. Fortunately, you don't need a NASA budget to make this rocket a reality. This activity requires time and patience, but it's a great way to teach kids about construction and measurement. Your kid will put her creativity to use as she paints, decorates, and designs. This project requires a lot of cutting with a sharp utility knife. Make sure you do these steps yourself, but encourage your child to help with measuring and assembling whenever she can.
What You Need:
- A large cardboard box (such as a cabinet box or a dishwasher box)
- Additional corrugated cardboard
- Utility knife (and an adult to use it)
- Straight edge
- Pencil
- Packaging or duct tape
- Tempera or other craft paint
- Paintbrush
- Optional decorations including glow-in-the-dark stickers
What You Do:
- The large box is the base of the rocket. Start by cutting a door so that little astronauts can enter and leave their rocket ship. You can cut three sides of the door and fold it back so that it is "hinged" or simply cut it out entirely to leave an opening. For an especially big rocket, cut port hole windows as needed to light the interior.
- Nothing is worse than an unstable rocket. Cut several triangles from the extra pieces of cardboard and help your young astronaut tape these tail fins to the base of each corner.
- Now it's time to make the nose of your rocket. This will require four corrugated cardboard triangles. Pick one side of the box and attach the triangle to it. The base of the triangle should be the same as the side of the box. Use the straight edge to add the remaining two sides of the triangle; make them equal in length and note this length for the remaining triangles. Repeat this step to make three more identical triangles.
- Tape the triangles together to form a pyramid. Then tape the pyramid to the top of your rocket.
- Help your astronauts decorate their rocket ship. They can use paint, glow-in-the-dark stickers or markers.
- Once the rocket ship is all decorated, use it in some imaginary game play! For extra fun, make some mini marshmallow poppers. They're the perfect alien defense system!


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Massages can keep your muscles relaxed and stress levels so low that you can catch an arrow in your hands, assuming the arrow is gently tossed to you. Get zen with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $39 for one hot-stone massage with one gemstone facial massage (an $85 value)
- $99 for three hot-stone massages with three gemstone facial massages (a $255 value)
Each massage lasts one hour.
Janet Elizabeth Blevins, 02835
Sage Dragonfly Massage & Bodywork
After a lengthy history of practicing therapeutic massage across the country, relaxation guru Janet Blevins finally opened her own spa, Sage Dragonfly Massage & Bodywork. Today, the veteran massage therapist uses one-hour massages and indulgent body wraps and scrubs to dissolve stress as easily as a treadmill made of chocolate dissolves a New Year's resolution. She focuses on total body relaxation with head-to-toe Swedish strokes, or concentrates her efforts on particularly tense areas during deep-tissue treatments. Muscular tension melts under Janet's Eastern modalities, including acupressure, Thai cupping, and reflexology, and her fruit-infused body scrubs and mud wraps soften and exfoliate the skin.
Customer Reviews
2307 West Cone Boulevard
Suite 184
Greensboro, NC 27408
+13365012031Get Directions


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How do I get a key? Does someone have one I can have?
How do I get a key? Does someone have one I can have?
Pre-order. Too late for you.
Some sites were giving out some yesterday. Which I grabbed one real quick, but I think most are gone now.
When we get back from where we are going, we will return to where we were. I know people there!
hey i got it from ncsoft 3 days ago and i got no key but it said i was ready to play it so im confused=S
I never spent cash.
You could wait for the open beta, thats probaly 1 week from today's 6th cbt and last.
I am sure they will wipe the OB. The only ones that will not be wiped will be the headstart players.
Last edited by sinnful; 08-14-2009 at 06:20 AM. Reason: -=Doublepost=-
Currently Playing :Waiting on :StuffAO Engine upgrade + Rebalance!-------
-----------------------------------Xfire : Korncob | Steam : Korncob/Korncobsleep/Korncobsleeping
hmmm i hope people spread out amongst the servers out. i'll be heading onto the first server with a buncha guildies and i hope it doesn't get too overpopulated.
The head start program is simply allowing all of us who pre-ordered the game to get in 2 days before release, make our characters, play a little, etc. OB is an entirely different thing, characters from CB will be wiped with the transition into OB, and after OB, those characters will be deleted as well.
Been following this game for a while now, so I'm psyched, been in the last 3 CBTs, all I can say is that the game is great, and that with 1.5 coming on release the game will be even better.
atm there are no more keys (to my knowledge) being given out, the only places with pre-orders still avaliable (I believe) is steam atm. So rush over (sorry if I'm wrong). I actually debated on what to wait for, Champions or Aion, and all I can say is that I don't regret my choice /fanboy. But seriously, if you need anymore literally straight from PR themselves, despite the forum being filled with trash trollers, their feeds are usually nice. http://www.aionsource.com (any questions you may think of will most likely be answered on their front page news feed)
@Cyber Yeah i read the same thing, its supposed to be like a test demo for their event system or something, the event itself isn't much from what I've read, just more so a little peek at what events will be like and such.
Last edited by Elix; 08-14-2009 at 07:53 AM.
Aion still in CB?
LoL IGN: Repulsivez
Currently Playing :Waiting on :StuffAO Engine upgrade + Rebalance!-------
-----------------------------------Xfire : Korncob | Steam : Korncob/Korncobsleep/Korncobsleeping
i get a cb key from m m o s i t e but i cant enter the game it says "ID or PW does not match".What im doing wrong?
When i try to login, nothing happens... than i can't click buttons. I don't get any error messages.
It's called the log in server is being slammed by 10,000 idiots trying to get in at once. Should be better in a few hours.


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That last one hits home...
"Courage is being scared to death - and saddling up anyway." - The Duke
That last one hits home...
I'd like to have the first two, are they actually available somewhere?
Thanks for posting the link Tammi, I might need to order some myself...LOL
"Courage is being scared to death - and saddling up anyway." - The Duke
Thanks I'm going to have to check these out.Originally Posted by TammiJ
I'd rather be a "has been" than a wannabe!
2TIMOTHY2,4 No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairsof this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier.
God, Guns and Guts made America free,
Lets keep all three.
I just got this one as an early X-mas present from Cafepress, I'ts perfek!


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Nadal beat world number one Novak Djokovic for a record seventh French Open crown in a rain-delayed final on Monday but sprang back into action with a 7-5 6-1 victory over Slovak Lacko.
Roger Federer also booked a berth in the last eight with a 6-4 7-6 win over Germany's Florian Mayer.
"In the second set, I think I did everything better," Nadal said.
"Every hour on court works well for me, on grass, because I don't have a lot of time to practice. I'm happy to be through, that's the main thing."
Nadal broke Lacko twice in the first set, dropping his serve once, before running away with the second set to earn himself a clash with defending champion Philipp Kohlschreiber.
Kohlschreiber, who has not beaten Nadal in eight previous attempts, defeated Poland's Lukasz Kubot 6-7(5) 6-1 6-3.
"I was too anxious and missed too many chances," said the German of the first set.
Federer enjoyed five break points in the first set but struggled to take his chances, converting just one of them. The second set was more even as both players held serve with relative ease until the 12th game, when Federer broke to seal the win.
The five-times former champion will next face fifth seed Milos Raonic of Canada.
In the day's other match, wildcard Tommy Haas beat sixth seed Marcel Granollers 6-3 6-4 to set up a clash with Tomas Berdych.


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Bridal Shower Expo
Social Event Expo
Saturday, May 3, 2014 from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM (EDT)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
*****The Location has Changed: 1212 Fowler St NW, Atlanta, GA 30318****
Saturday May 3, 2014
Are you a bride to be or planning a anniversary, corporate event? Make plans to attend this fun event and meet the vendors that can help make your bridal shower spectacular. Bring your bridal party so they can experience new ideas and talk with an experience wedding and event manager.
Music, food, games, prizes, and so much fun.
Get your free ticket now before it's gone......
Free Parking, Free Parking
When & Where
Future Vision
1212 Fowler Street Northwest
Saturday, May 3, 2014 from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM (EDT)
Add to my calendar
Social Event Expo
The "Social Event Exposition" bring together the best exhibitors in the business and special event industry and provide interactive zones, unique experiences and networking events. Visitors are offered an extensive range of seminars and presentations from world-class speakers.
As a destination event company we connect the customer with the vendors through seminars, exposition, conferences, social events, etc. so that we can help "bring your vision into a reality".


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I was wondering if it is possible to sell my element3d model presets in any category here on videohive. For instance, I got my iPhone 5/5S/5C models prepared and textured in element3d. They are ready to be used in element3d/ae projects as I have them saved in both .e3d and .ae scene formats.
Is that possible yet?
Thank you!
There was recently uploaded an Element 3D model pack in the following category:
Home \ Files \ After Effects Project Files \ Elements \ Backgrounds \ 3D, Object\
I don't know wether this is offical but the item got accepted there so it has to be on the right place.
Excellent thank you very much!
i saw that file, it was a file of pumpkins … Hey tomislavn how do u save as a .e3d?
Hey Aggeler, it is pretty easy. You just have to click on object name in scene setup and save it as a model preset. It will save it to Video Copilot user documents folder. But be aware that you will still need to include your .obj or .c4d file with it, since .e3d just saves the Element3D data about your model (position, materials, settings) and still pulls the actual geometry from its source file.
thank you tomislavn ill give it a try, by the way really nice iphone models u got there
You are welcome Aggeler! Thank you


text:
Track My Order
Frequently Asked Questions
International Shipping Info
Send Email
Mon-Fri, 9am to 12pm and
1pm to 5pm U.S. Mountain Time:
(303) 284-0979
Chat With Us
Member Since:
November 25, 2008
United States
Product WIG-12000
about 3 years ago
A very simple question before i decide to purchase this. Can this run off a 9V battery or does it need to be plugged into a wall plug? Thank you very much
No public wish lists :(
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No account? Register one!


text:
ANAHEIM, CA – JANUARY 04: Jason Blake #33 of the the Anaheim Ducks is pursued by Dan Boyle #22 of the San Jose Sharks for the puck in the first period at Honda Center on January 4, 2012 in Anaheim, California. The Sharks defeated the Ducks 3-1. (Photo by Jeff Gross/Getty Images)
Report: Vegas isn't interested in trading defensemen Theodore, Schmidt
The Vegas Golden Knights enjoyed another busy day on Thursday, moving the likes of David Schlemko and Trevor van Riemsdyk. That doesn't mean that all their defensemen are necessarily for sale, even with some pressure to trade a way a few more.
Now, it's plausible that someone merely hasn't found the right price to entice Golden Knights GM George McPhee, but TSN's Pierre LeBrun indicates that he's shooting down offers for especially enticing young defensemen.
Specifically, McPhee gave a hard "No" to at least three teams regarding Shea Theodore and also stonewalled offers for Nate Schmidt, according to LeBrun.
It's probably not fair to say that McPhee hasn't been willing to move younger players altogether. After all, Trevor van Riemsdyk is 25, much like Schmidt.
Even so, one could infer that McPhee would be quicker to trade away a veteran whose value may not ever be higher, such as Marc Methot or Alexei Emelin.
For what it's worth, let's break down the Golden Knights' current defensemen in two camps (30-and-under, 30-and-older) along with their contract situations, with help from Cap Friendly.
Under 30
Luca Sbisa, 27, $3.6 million cap hit through 2017-18
Brayden McNabb, 26, $1.7M through 2017-18
Jon Merrill, 25, $1.138M through 2017-18
Colin Miller, 24, $1M through 2017-18
Theodore, 21, $863K through 2017-18
Griffin Reinhart, 23, RFA
Schmidt, 25, RFA
30 and older
Methot, $4.9M through 2018-19
Jason Garrison, $4.6M through 2017-18
Emelin, $4.1M through 2017-18
Clayton Stoner, 32, $3.25M through 2017-18
Deryk Engelland, 35, $1M through 2017-18
Considering the options at hand, it's still feasible that someone might convince McPhee to ship Schmidt and/or Theodore over, anyway. The Toronto Maple Leafs have been connected to Schmidt and Colin Miller in rumors, though it's unclear how likely such moves might be. Vegas isn't tied to many players beyond this coming season, so they have plenty of flexibility to change their minds.
The Golden Knights may also view the trade deadline as a more fruitful time to move a veteran such as Methot.
Even so, it sure sounds like McPhee would at least prefer to build around his youngsters, and Theodore might be the clearest keeper of them all.
NHL may punish failed offside reviews with penalties next season
It wasn't a good look for the league, and it wasn't captivating television, particularly for casual hockey fans intrigued by a fresh Stanley Cup Final matchup.
P.K. Subban seemed to score the first goal of the Penguins – Predators series, only for the 1-0 tally to be overturned after a lengthy offside review. Plenty of people in Nashville were never convinced that the league made the right call, and even if it was correct, Filip Forsberg would have been offside by a tiny margin. The fact that it came mere hours after Gary Bettman praised the process only exacerbated the issue.
(You can watch that agonizingly minute discussion in the video above. Predators fans might not want to re-live it.)
Colin Campbell presented an interesting question for next season on Thursday: would a team like Pittsburgh make such a marginal challenge if a failed review would result in a minor penalty?
It's something the executive will bring to the competition committee and then the Board of Governors; Campbell believes such a tweak has a strong chance of being instituted in 2017-18.
Previously, a coach would lose his timeout if an offside goal review failed. If this change is implemented, a team would keep that timeout but suffer a minor penalty.
Campbell notes that this tweak would apply to offside challenges, not goalie interference reviews.
Ultimately, for Campbell, it comes down to the spirit of the offside rule. Amusingly, the Predators also suffered from an infamous offside goal that would have benefited from an obvious review, as this Matt Duchene goal from 2013 inspired the NHL to admit that a mistake was made.
The logic is pretty simple. If a goal was glaringly offside, then a team will view a challenge as worth the risk of possibly being penalized. If it's a matter of inches or some other marginal question, a penalty would – ideally – deter a team from making a flimsier challenge. Specifically, Campbell pointed to offside reviews in which goals came long after the infraction had a significant impact on play.
Now, sure, you could make some wise cracks about the idea, especially considering how the NHL's suffered from a painful roll-out of a change here and there. And perhaps some coaches will still believe that it's worth the risk to flip that coin.
Still, the league's heart is in the right place, and it could very well succeed in two goals: getting things right and not boring everyone to tears.
Blackhawks on 'huge loss' of Hossa, lingering salary cap questions
If any team could seamlessly move on from Marian Hossa, it would be the Chicago Blackhawks.
That's not to say that GM Stan Bowman and head coach Joel Quenneville lack appreciation for perhaps the best two-way winger of this era. Quenneville likely said it best to NHL.com: "I don't think you replace [Hossa], because he's a special player."
MORE: Skin condition will sideline Hossa for 2017-18
Instead, it's a testament to how the Blackhawks continue to contend, year after year: a willingness to make the tough choices that allow your team to compete. So, Chicago can merely "rebuild and reload" by taking that $5.275 million cap hit from Hossa's seemingly inevitable trip to the LTIR, right?
Not exactly. At least not yet, as CSN Chicago's Tracey Myers discusses:
Here are two basics about the cap: a team can be 10 percent over it during the summer, and a team must be at or below it the day the regular season begins. If the Blackhawks place Hossa on LTIR, it wouldn't take effect until the second day of the regular season. So on Day 1 of the season, the Blackhawks would still be carrying Hossa's $5.275 cap hit.
Once the LTIR would take effect, though, the Blackhawks would have wiggle room. If they spent to the $75 million cap, they could utilize Hossa's entire $5.275 million cap hit on other players.
Myers notes that Bowman said he wishes it was as simple as merely replacing Hossa's cap hit – if not his impact – during the summer. Instead, things could be a bit more complicated.
Things could get even messier if the NHL decides to impede Chicago's progress.
If the Blackhawks get to send Hossa to the LTIR, it won't be the easiest situation. Before you get too gloomy about it, there still could be some creative options.
Brainstorming a few ideas
For one thing, what if the Vegas Golden Knights decide to keep James Neal around for a little while?
Now, Neal and Hossa are very different players, yet both are wingers that can help your team win. Neal's $5 million cap hit matches up remarkably well with that Hossa $5.275 million hit once it would go to LTIR, and the former Predators winger is in the last year of his contract.
As Vegas Golden Knights GM George McPhee is wont to do, Neal would cost more than just money. Still, that's just one example, and it's plausible that other teams might want to sell off a piece but find summer offerings undesirable.
In other words, a rental could be a good way to make lemonade from all of this.
There's also the possibility that the Blackhawks could look into players who didn't get signed during the summer, including guys who just missed on PTOs.
This isn't to say that these are ideal scenarios, but the point is that the Blackhawks could still navigate this difficult situation, particularly if they show the flexibility and creativity they've displayed in avoiding salary cap challenges before.
Even if it doesn't mean another Hossa's walking through that door.
As a reminder, the Blackhawks may still have some moves in mind even before getting that delayed cap relief. We still need to find out if they are ridding themselves of Marcus Kruger's cap hit, something that Bowman wouldn't address.
None of this is necessarily easy, yet this franchise frequently aces tests like these.
For Oilers, trading Eberle was about 'long-term thinking'
CHICAGO — Peter Chiarelli was there to talk about one thing, and one thing only.
That was today's big trade that sent Jordan Eberle to the Islanders in return for Ryan Strome.
Not surprisingly, the Oilers' general manager liked a lot of things about the deal — starting with Strome.
"He's got some things to his game that we feel can help us in our division," Chiarelli said Thursday. "He's got good size, a terrific wrist shot. Very, very cerebral player. He can play center or the wing. Very good on the half wall."
Not that Eberle doesn't offer a few good things himself. Like scoring goals. That's pretty important, right? Eberle's scored 165 goals in his NHL career.
But with Connor McDavid and Leon Draisaitl requiring extensions soon, the Oilers needed to be wary of their cap situation. In Chiarelli's estimation, Eberle's $6 million hit had to go.
"This is about cap management, and this is about replacing good players with good players, and this is about long-term thinking," said Chiarelli.
When he'd finished selling the trade, reporters naturally took the opportunity to inquire about the rest of his team.
Does he want to get Kris Russell re-signed?
Yes, he does. Still hoping to get that one done.
How would he characterize negotiations with McDavid and Draisaitl?
"Not going to characterize."
What about Patrick Maroon? Could he get an extension this summer?
"This isn't the state of affairs for who I'm signing, who I'm not signing."
Fair enough. Onto the draft then.
Friday at United Center, the Oilers will have the 22nd overall pick. It'll be the first time since 2008 that they don't make a top-10 selection.
"Certainly not as high a pick," said Chiarelli. "We've got a cluster of four players and we think we're going to get one of them."
That pick in 2008, by the way?
Jordan Eberle, 22nd overall.
Related: Strome pumped for opportunity to play with McDavid and Draisaitl


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On board MS BREMEN from Cape Town to Buenos Aires
Expedition Antarctica – From Cape to Cape: Adventure at Christmastime
Exciting expedition days, that will afford you fascinating experiences, lie between Africa and South America. Watch penguins, whales and elephant seals in overwhelming landscapes, and gaze across endless glaciers and sparkling icebergs. Unforgettable Zodiacs rides and captivating lectures make the power of creation and the sensitive balance of nature literally tangible.
from Cape Town to Buenos Aires
|Cruise dates:
|from 16.12.2013 to 11.01.2014 (27 days)
|Your ship:
|Cruise number:
| Mon, 16.12.2013
Scheduled flight Germany – Cape Town
| Tue, 17.12.2013
Overnight stay with breakfast
| Wed, 18.12.2013
Guided tour
| Thu, 19.12.2013
Cape Town/South Africa, departure 11.30 hrs
Island in the endless sea
| Fri, 20.12.2013
- Mon, 23.12.2013
Relaxation at sea
| Tue, 24.12.2013
Tristan da Cunha (depending on weather)
| Wed, 25.12.2013
- Sat, 28.12.2013
Relaxation at sea
| Sun, 29.12.2013
- Tue, 31.12.2013
South Georgia
South Georgia – the kingdom of the king penguins
| Wed, 01.01.2014
Relaxation at sea
| Thu, 02.01.2014
- Mon, 06.01.2014
South Orkney-Islands , Weddell Sea , South Shetland Islands , Antarctic Peninsula
On the South Orkney Islands you can learn how modern Antarctic researchers work when, in good weather conditions, you visit the oldest permanently occupied research station in Antarctica, the Argentinean station Orcadas (subject to permission).
| Tue, 07.01.2014
Passage through the Drake Passage
| Wed, 08.01.2014
Cape Horn/Chile (depending on the weather)
The legendary Cape Horn, that was first circumnavigated in 1616, memorably rounds off your voyage. A final landing with the Zodiacs succeeds in good weather and favourable current. Then you can climb up to the famous Albatross Monument, a memorial to the seamen of past times – and look back on an unforgettable Antarctica Expedition.
| Thu, 09.01.2014
Ushuaia/Argentina, arrival 6.00 hrs
| Fri, 10.01.2014
Guided tour of the city
| Sat, 11.01.2014
Arrival in Germany
On this expedition to Antarctica an adjustment of the itinerary can become necessary. Depending on weather and ice conditions the Captain will decide on the best possible alternatives.
= at anchor
Please note that our pre- and post-cruise programmes are conducted in German.
For individual programmes kindly consult your travel agent.
Following programmes we offer in German:
Expedition Leader on Board BREMEN
Since 1992 Dr Hans-Joachim Spitzenberger has led many
expeditions to Antarctica. As a passionate photographer and team member
on various research projects he can convey his knowledge about the
animals of the most remote regions of the world in a fascinating way.


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Banned Books Week is a week-long event that takes place each year at the end of September. Started in 1982 by activist Judith Krug, the campaign serves to promote the freedom of information through the examination of books that are challenged and banned in our nation's schools and libraries.
The Books
Banned Books Week looks specifically at challenged books of all types, and they put out a "Top 10 List" of the most challenged books of the year. The campaign is most commonly associated with drawing attention to books that have been disputed in communities across the country, whether they've been banned outright or simply challenged in some way.
Many of the activities during the week revolve around these titles, from library displays to public readings of the texts. While these guerilla tactics were groundbreaking and subversive ten, twenty, almost thirty years ago, how does this era of digital information affect Banned Books Week, and the message it's trying to send?
The Message
Although some misconceptions hold Banned Books Week as being just about the books, the campaign stands for a much bigger principle: intellectual freedom. Using these controversial titles as an example of the realities of censorship, Banned Books Week connects with people on a very personal level.
According to the American Library Association (ALA) the goal of Banned Books Week is "to teach the importance of our First Amendment rights and the power of literature, and to draw attention to the danger that exists when restraints are imposed on the availability of information in a free society."
The Technology
It used to be that when a book was banned in a community, there was no easy way to get it. Now there's an ever-expanding array of options to borrow, purchase, mail-order and download a book despite the differing viewpoints of a few members of the community. Yet those members are still calling for censorship of books, movies, music, games, and all kinds of media and information. The more information we have access to, the more cries for censorship.
Efforts like Banned Books Week have risen to the occasion, and to the technology. No one in your community doing a read-out? That's okay – there are ways to view and participate in virtual read-outs. Want to know what's being challenged in your area, or anywhere else in the country? Check the Censorship Map and get ideas for the best titles to distribute.
Spreading the word of bans and disputes online also helps communities with their fights. In Missouri, Wesley Scroggins, a business professor, wrote an opinion piece in September 2010 calling Laurie Halse Anderson's book Speak "soft pornography" because it deals with rape. He called for its removal from the Republic school district, along with a few other titles.
The story was blogged about by Anderson herself, which was followed by an outcry on Twitter under the hashtag #SpeakLoudly, and then Judy Blume took up Speak's defense by bringing it to the attention of the National Council Against Censorship. Speak has not been banned from the district.
Scroggins also took issue with Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five, which was unanimously banned from the district due to foul language, along with Sarah Ockler's Twenty Boy Summer. Yet the internet strikes back, with the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library catching wind of the situation and offering free copies of the novel to Republic students, who were meant to read the book as part of the curriculum.
Just five days ago these two novels were restored to Republic libraries, under the constraint that only parents and guardians can check them out. While not the true freedom of information that Banned Books Week seeks to achieve, it is a step in a more positive direction.
The Future
Information is being physically removed from libraries nationwide, but not without resistance. Is the growing reach of digital information making it easier to achieve intellectual freedom, or is the censorship fight crossing formats too? Who has the right to limit our access?
And how are you celebrating your Banned Books Week? Tell us in the comments, Email Meghan at firstname.lastname@example.com or find her on Twitter @meglish.


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crankcase ventalation system
Chevy used to make a vent system that was plumbed from the valve covers to the exhaust header. At the header their was a one way check valve. I think , the theroy was convergent/divergent. It was souposed to draw out vapors and expell them out the exhaust. I bring this up , because as a kid , i allways eliminated this system as being junk. I see where Summit sells this system as a add on kit. I was wondering what you guys think . Did and does it work?
Slider in Wa.
This system is standard practice on drag cars where a vacuum pump is not used. It evacuates the cranckcase of pressure by way of the header, when the crankcase has a vacuum put on it it seals up the rings better for more power, and also it keeps the oil from blowing all over the valve covers, or so I think.
Works very well on race cars, not so well on street cars in my opinion. The problem is the check valve needs some sort of backpressure to open (with muffled exhausts) and this means a pressurized crankcase. Open header race cars do not have any backpressure usually and the system works best in that fashion. PCV is the best for the street to me anyway.
She may not look like much, but she's got it where it counts, kid. I've made a lot of special modifications myself.
Han Solo
So ,then, i pose the question, what about the high flowing large exhuast systems being used today. They decrease back pressure don`t they? I understand your thinking the back pressure would force pressure into the crankcase.(If the oneway valve were to fail) However , it would seem to me the one way valve, in combination with the large size, full flowing exhaust systems(Flowmaster,etc,)would allow this system to work like it would on a set of open headers.(similar)And indeed if it decreases crankcase pressure, it would seal better as well.Less oil leaks , better ecconmey, performance,etc. I really want to work this out in my mind. You see when i take the 57 chev p.u. down for the camaro clip install , i want to change a lot of things. Rewire the truck, move the gas tank, lower the stance all the way around the truck. I`m doing my home work in advance.I have a 4 bolt 350 to build and i want to do it to near perfextion. (Dream) Motor. My dream motor i`m sure is not what some of you would choose.
I want to build a balanced , 350, that is near stock.(run on regular) I have 202 cast iron heads to use, and want to do everything i can to get gas mileage out of it. The 57 chev p.u. weighs a bunch. Any way that is why i am intrested in the evacuation system! Any other ecconmey ideas out there? I have burnt up 2 700-r4 transmissions, they were great for gas mileage. 1600rpms at 65 was too cool!! But they could not stand up to the built 350 in the truck now. Or rather to all the burn outs~!!!!!Thanks guys
Slider in Wa.
slider, come on! just stick your stinkin pvc valve in your valve cover hole LIKE YOUR SPOZED TO, (that would be the rear of the pass. side) run a hose like 4 inches long to the bottom of your air cleaner and FUHGETTABOUTTIT BRAHHDAAH!!!! <img src="graemlins/nono.gif" border="0" alt="[nono]" />
The problem Slider is that street cars have low flowing exhaust volumes at typical speeds encountered on the street. These systems work on a venturi principal and depend on volume flow to extract crankcase gases. Without this volume the backflow valve closes and the crankcase must then pressurize to overcome exhaust system pressure, however little this is (<1 psi typically with large exhaust systems). With a race car that never idles and has absolutely zero backpressure you can actually draw a vacuum on the crankcase and increase power, street cars will rarely reach this mode until highway speed. I think a combination system would be ideal but I have never attempted to construct one, shouldn't be too hard just use both systems on one vehicle.
Hmmmm...note to self...invent the perfect crankcase breather system and make millions. :p
She may not look like much, but she's got it where it counts, kid. I've made a lot of special modifications myself.
Han Solo
Now it makes sense to me!!! Light bulb!!!Now i know why i threw them away as a kid!!! Gee thanks! So what about x stye or equalizer type exhaust sysetems then? Are they of any use? The principle of scavenging worth the effort?orthe cost?
Slider in Wa.
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I recently purchased a 2011 satin white WRX limited. I've always been a Subaru fan, but this is my first purchase. I come from the supra world, and am an active moderator on supramania.com though i sold my supra a couple years ago. It was a midnight blue pearl 88 turbo targa 5 speed with a couple go fast goodies. I still miss it and may just get another one some day.
I live in Spokane, Wa and moved here last year from Yakima, where I worked as a city, county, and federal corrections officer, as well as a police officer. I'm unable to talk about what I currently do, but it's interesting.
Anyway, looking forward to doing a lot of research on the car, and maybe getting together with a local group and meeting some new people and getting some ideas. I probably won't do much to the car aside from an intake, and exhaust.
Good to be here. Talk to you all soon.


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Essential Oils for Your Valentine The use of essential oils (EOs) in traditional healing can be traced as far back as 5000 BC. Ancient Egyptians were masters in the therapeutic application of essential oils. Even in romance their use of ...Read More
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Aroma Crystal's Gardener's Dream Cream -- Canada's Favourite Skin & Body Care Product. "Made with Love" Gardener's Dream Cream was born as a labour of love on Saltspring Island over 25 years ago and has won over 18 National Awards ...Read More
What can you do with coconut oil? Coconut oil has many benefits and uses; you have probably heard about a lot of them. Not only can coconut oil benefit you, but it can also benefit the farmers that grow them, ...Read More
Our skin is the largest organ we have. It is both our largest receptor and our greatest protector. One question asked by millions of people over the last century is "How do we protect our skin?" "How do we find ...Read More
The quantity and quality of collagen in the skin helps determine the health and beauty of skin, hair and nails. The Collagen Connection Dr. Marita Schauch, BSc ND The most abundant protein in the human body, collagen makes up about ...Read More
Frigid temperatures, chilly winds and dehydrating indoor heat can definitely take its toll on skin. Flaky cheeks, chapped hands and cracked skin may seem inevitable. Furthermore, dry, dehydrated skin accentuates the look of fine lines, wrinkles and other signs of ...Read More
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Why do Italian national sports teams mostly wear blue, rather than one of the colours represented on the flag?
According to their wonderful book Tutti i colori del calcio (All the Colours of Football), authors Sergio Salvi and Alessandro Savorelli acknowledge that although national teams generally wear strips based on the colours of their respective national flags, this is not always the case: The Dutch wear orange jerseys, the colour of the House of Orange-Nassau; the Germans wear white shirts, from the flag of Prussia; and the Slovenians green and white, the traditional colours of the capital city of Ljubljana. The Indians have an all-blue strip and the Australians green and gold!
The Italians' football and rugby (both codes) teams wear blue in honour of the House of Savoy, under whom Italy was unified in 1861.
Nader Fekri, Hebden Bridge, W Yorks
Back in the 60s at elementary school in Italy they taught us that they wear azzurro (light blue) because of the challenge of Barletta, in which 13 French and 13 Italian knights fought and the Italians famously won. The Italians wore a light blue scarf, which then remained as the sporting colour in Italy. It is not reported if Zinedine Zidane was part of the French contingent.
Of course it wouldn't be the first time history was rewritten, and the bit about the blue scarf was invented to justify the blue of the Savoia flag. Or it could be the other way around – that the blue in the flag was chosen based on the Barletta challenge.
Because it would be silly to have a team called the Azzuri wearing green.
Steven Emmott, Givrins, Switzerland
Regarding the plight of polar bears with their ever-diminishing food supply, has anyone thought about relocating penguins from south to north?
While it was not a true penguin, the great auk (Pinguinus impennis) until its extinction in 1844 filled a similar ecological niche in the northern hemisphere. Also the word "penguin" ("white head") is derived from the Celtic name for the great auk, which also had black and white plumage and according to the Natural History Museum website resembled these flightless birds of the southern hemisphere.
Given that it is doubtful that great auks ever formed part of a polar bear's diet, it would be pointless to introduce penguins to regions surrounding the Arctic ocean. Furthermore, history is littered with the damage caused by the introduction of alien species: it would be equally foolhardy to import polar bears to South Georgia or the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean (even if the latter is clear evidence of Slartibartfast's trademark on the designer planet Earth mark I, for which he won an award for the fjords along the Norwegian coastline).
David Nowell, New Barnet, Herts
What about introducing Siberian tigers into Alaska and northern Canada to save the species? The ecosystems and fauna are almost identical.
Relocate the polar bears (N&Q, 15 November)? So, any volunteers to round them up and transport them to the Antarctic, then?
Are there more questions than answers?
Yes, particularly in Ireland. I overheard a tourist ask one of our citizens: "Do you always answer a question with a question?" The reply was: "Who told you that?"
Graham Mace, Castlebar, Co Mayo, Ireland
Try answering a question from my three-year old son. Every answer I give leads to a new question. And another, and so on, until I give up. So I guess there are more questions than answers, with three-year-olds, anyway.
Johan van Slooten, Urk, The Netherlands
Most of the discussion (N&Q, 15 November) is about answers that are correct for a given question. But there are an infinite number of incorrect and indeed meaningless answers to any question. Which reminds me of one of my favourite jokes. Q: How many surrealists does it take to change a lightbulb? A: Ba-na-nas.
Any answers?
Most animals appear to be either basically diurnal, like humans, horses, dogs etc, or basically nocturnal, like owls and bats. Cats don't seem to care either way; are they unique in this?
Nigel Agar, Hitchin, Herts
When do we start to become old? Moreover, when do we cease to be young? Are they the same thing?
Andrew McNaughton, Wellington, NZ
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#458307246 / gettyimages.com Rules allow defense to bring in late subs There was an interesting play in Week 9 that highlighted quick snap rules. In the Broncos-Patriots game, Tom Brady and company rushed the field on a fourth-and-one situation as the punt team sprinted off (video). The goal was to catch the Broncos with too…
Tag: referee
Brad Allen named crew chief in 1st NFL season
by Mark Schultz •
Brad Allen is the first official in almost 50 years to be placed in the referee position in his first NFL season.
Umpire position incubator for future NFL crew chiefs?
by Mark Schultz •
We know the NFL officiating roster for 2014. The names have been announced, but one position assignment caught my attention. Brad Allen, a collegiate referee and who worked the 2013 NFL preseason as a back judge in the advanced training program, will work his rookie season as an umpire. Could this be the new way the NFL…
NFL hires five more officials
by Mark Schultz •
Four new hires have collegiate referee experience Football Zebras has learned the names of five more college officials hired by the NFL, and that there will be a total of eleven new officials in 2014. Alex Kemp, Brad Allen, Scott Novak, Bryan Neale and Brad Freeman have been hired by the NFL according to various sources.…
NFL to keep the clock rolling on QB sacks in 2014
by Mark Schultz •
2014 rule changes For years, the referee has signaled a quarterback sack with a whistle blast and a signal to stop the clock; however beginning with the 2014 season, the NFL will mandate that the clock keep running after a sack. Up through the 2013 season, the referee would stop the clock on a quarterback…
NFL getting their stripes in a row for 2014
by Mark Schultz •
League has several shoes to fill in the offseason The Super Bowl is fast fading into the rear view mirror and we now enter what is called the "dark period" in regard to NFL officiating. According to the collective bargaining agreement between the NFL and the NFL Referees Association, there is to be no formal…
Former NFL referee and officiating supervisor, Jerry Seeman, dies at 77
by Mark Schultz •
Former HL, LJ, R worked two Super Bowls Jerry Seeman 1936-2013 Former referee and officiating supervisor, Jerry Seeman, died Sunday night, a half hour before his son, NFL line judge Jeff Seeman, (#45) worked the Broncos-Patriots Sunday Night Football game. Jeff Seeman was informed of his father's death after the ball game. According to the Pioneer…
Float like a butterfly…dodge like a ref
by Mark Schultz •
How NFL officials stay out of the way to preserve life and limb We've all seen it. For the fans it is a funny sight but for anyone who has been knocked down by a football player always cringes when a football official gets knocked down. The officials do not wear any padding and when…
Preseason, Profiles
New white hats looking to earn an 'R'
by Ben Austro •
NFL trying out potential replacements for retiring head referees The NFL is preparing for the inevitable retirement of officiating crew chiefs by conducting trial runs for some promotions in the second preseason weekend. An officiating source said that at least one head referee will retire at the end of the season. The source told Football…
2012, Follow-up, Playoffs
Can umpire make calls for referee?
by Mark Schultz •
Since the umpire is in the backfield, I wondered if the umpire is now permitted make calls that historically fall within the referee's purview.


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© The Financial Times Ltd 2016
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March 30, 2009 6:33 pm
If South Koreans look to one talismanic company to pull their battered economy out of the quagmire, it is Samsung Electronics, responsible for more than 10 per cent of national exports.
But the country's flagship company has sprung some alarming leaks. The Korean group reported its first quarterly loss at the end of 2008, hit mainly by a global collapse in the price of memory chips.
Lee Yoon-woo, chief executive, this month warned investors that 2009 would be "a very difficult year". Samsung executives say, however, that the company's divisions should be profitable during the third quarter.
To achieve this, Samsung plans to restructure into simpler business groups, challenge Nokia's mobile phones in India and China and capture the classier end of the television market. The world's largest maker of memory chips will also slash capital expenditure on semiconductors but still aim to outspend Asian rivals.
Samsung says it plans to continue to reduce chip sizes at a time when competitors are being hit even harder than it is by the worldwide recession.
"All the Taiwanese or even the Japanese are still running at 70 [nanometres]. We are now at 56 nanos. The gap is now very wide, almost two generations," says Robert Yi, head of Samsung investor relations. He says the company regards the downturn as an opportunity to extend this technological superiority.
In spite of pressure to reduce costs, Mr Yi predicts that Samsung could survive the crisis without large scale job cuts. He says highly skilled staff represent only a small outlay in relation to the rest of Samsung's massive investment in electronics plants. Mr Yi declines to put a figure on reductions to 2009 capital expenditure but says some executive salaries have been cut by more than 10 per cent.
At the start of the year, Samsung transformed its four business divisions. Mobile phones and consumer electronics merged into a group called digital media and communications. Semiconductors and liquid crystal displays became device solutions.
Managers say the company had long needed to combine these divisions for technical and managerial reasons. They complained the businesses had traditionally not shared expertise and products, procured materials inefficiently and even failed to co-ordinate properly in intellectual property battles.
Chi Young-cho, senior vice-president of the digital media group, says the internal mergers should allow technology to be shared more readily between different products, enabling consumers to access and share content in the same format, whether using mobile phones, MP3 players, televisions or even panels on refrigerator doors.
Mobile phones remain the robustly profitable bedrock of the company, holding the number one market position in the US, Canada, Britain, France and Russia.
Yet Mr Chi says Samsung has radically changed its strategy from two years ago when it was content to focus on the higher end of the phone market, and is now looking to expand aggressively into India and China.
The company says the key to expanding market share in Asia is to invest hundreds of millions of dollars in retail outlets and training sales staff. Samsung also plans to tailor phones speci-fically to developing countries. So phones will, for example, have torch functions in case of power cuts, increased volume for noisy traffic and enhanced protection against dust.
Kwon Seong-ryul, an analyst at Hana Daetoo Securities, welcomes the strategy, but warns against taking the step of investing in additional production bases in developing markets. Mr Chi admits western markets pose a challenge because consumers change phones far less regularly but says the market is still expanding for more costly products such as smart phones and touch-screen phones.
Samsung's TV division is also concentrating its efforts on higher-end products, stressing design in models such as its Bordeaux line. Its LED television is thin enough to be hung on a wall and though expensive, Samsung claims owners will get their money back through energy-saving features.
Analysts in Seoul suggest a swing to profitability in the second or third quarter is realistic, stressing the company would be helped by the prolonged weakness of the won against the dollar and yen.
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Viewing Michael Winterbottom's supernatural family drama Genova for a second time - I saw it first at the San Sebastian festival last year - is an intriguing but frustrating re-encounter. It is impossible not to admire the fluency and intelligence of Winterbottom's film-making, and his prolific output. Yet Genova is a disappointment, more like a tentative sketch for a movie than the actual finished product.
When Marianne (Hope Davis) dies in a car crash, tragically caused by one of her kids clowning around in the back seat, her widower Joe (Colin Firth) decides on a clean break and takes his two daughters Mary (Perla Haney-Jardine) and Kelly (Willa Holland) away to Genova, in Italy, for the summer - Kelly has a romance with a local boy and Mary is plagued by visions of her dead mother, which she discloses to her father partly in the time-honoured scary-movie fashion of doing creepy kiddy drawings.
Genova doesn't know if it's going to be a ghost story or teen drama: somewhere between Don't Look Now and Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging. It always looks great, and moves with confidence and attack, but the two disappearance crises are contrived and repetitive. Genova is a labyrinthine city in which visitors can lose their way: Winterbottom appears to have mislaid his.


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Department of History > Faculty > Faculty (Alphabetical) > Thomas J. Finan > Medieval Dental Microwear Project: Defining the Medieval Diet in the British Isles
What did people eat in the middle ages?
It seems like a simple enough answer, in that most people assume that the diet of medieval people ranged from the grand banquets of kings to the very simple "gruel" of peasants. Of course, the question is much more complicated, and historians and archaeologists are now applying modern techniques to solve questions about diet in the middle ages.
In 2008, Dr Thomas Finan of the Department of History and Dr. Jason Organ of the School of Medicine received a Presidential Research Grant to undertake research that has examined the dental remains of four populations in the British Isles, two in Ireland, and two in northern England. The Kilteasheen collection was excavated as part of the Kilteasheen Archaeological Project co-directed by Finan from 2005-09. Over 130 medieval skeletons were excavated at this high status Gaelic ecclesiastial site, ranging in date from the eighth to fourteenth centuries. Another collection from Ballyhanna, Co Sligo, Ireland, was being studied at the same time at the Institute of Technology-Sligo. For comparison, two populations from York were also examined.
Castings of molars were taken of selected skeletons, and those casts were scanned using a confocal white light microscope, yielding images that were then turned into 3D "dental landscapes" now being analyzed by a graduate student in the Center for Anatomical Studies at Saint Louis University.


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1 bag (16 oz.) frozen, petit baby Brussels sprouts
1 Tbsp. extra virgin olive oil
2 tsp. balsamic vinegar
2 Tbsp. finely chopped, lightly toasted pecans
1/4 cup dried cranberries
Salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
Cook Brussels sprouts according to package directions. Meanwhile, in small bowl, stir together oil, vinegar, pecans and cranberries. Transfer cooked sprouts to serving dish. Gently toss with dressing. Season with salt and pepper and serve immediately.
Makes 4 servings.
Per serving: 102 calories, 6 g total fat (>1 g saturated fat), 11 g carbohydrates,
2 g protein, 2 g dietary fiber, 13 mg sodium.
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Feld thoughts has been looking at irrational exuberance in ethanol and been hit by two things. That, the idea of the US ethanol market resembels a bubble and that there is likely to be price inflation as the price of grains rise. Feld thoughts was looking at Is the ethanol boom going bust by Daniel Gross in Slate. That's a pretty good connection, and there are interesting parallels with the .com bubble and railway booms in the 19 Century, but it would have been a more interesting analysis if the author had cast his net a little wider.
Its not just the US that inflation is happening in parts of south east Asia the price of palm oil, used there as a food first and a fuel second has risen high enough to make it useless as a feedstock for biodiesel. There have been food riots in the Yemen and Mexico over the price of staples this year. Sure there'll be price inflation in the US, but in the short term the US can stand that. It's the world's poor in poor nations that rely on their states buying grain that are at the sharp end of the ethanol bubble.
Back to slate writing of the US ethanol market:
Critics of ethanol have long argued that ethanol production subsidies are a half-baked industrial policy scheme intended to reward politically powerful farmers in the Midwest. The gulf between the rich incentives for creating ethanol supply and the poor incentives for creating wholesale and retail distribution suggest the critics were absolutely right.
His words not mine.