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rolenoun [ C ]uk /rəʊl/ us /roʊl/
role noun [ C ] (DUTY)
B2 the position or purpose that someone or something has in a situation, organization, society, or relationship:
What is his role in this project?
Six people have been put on trial for their role (= involvement) in the anti-government demonstrations.
More examples
- Your role in the project will be strictly defined.
- The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.
- Television has an important role to play in popularizing new scientific ideas.
- The government should be playing a more prominent role in promoting human rights.
- The kidney plays a vital role in the removal of waste products from the blood.
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words
Organizations - position & status
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
role noun [ C ] (ACTING)
B1 an actor's part in a film or play:
She's got a leading/supporting role in the school play.
More examples
- She quickly left the chorus for a starring role.
- She's done all the important Shakespearean roles apart from Lady Macbeth.
- Marlene Dietrich was immortalized through her roles in movies like 'The Blue Angel'.
- The six principal roles in this opera have an average vocal range of two octaves.
- In despair, the theatre director recast the leading role.
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words


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The Marvel Universe of movies keeps chugging along - here's the latest trailer for "Thor: The Dark World", aka "Thor 2", which follows recent films like "Iron Man 3" into explaining events that happened after last summer's "The Avengers".
The sequel brings back characters from the original "Thor" film, but this time we spend more time in Asgard and meet more of Thor's friends/allies/enemies, including female Asgardian warrior "Sif". And yes, Tom Hiddleston's Loki is back to do mischief on our heroes:
My wife and I disagree on the enjoyment of the Thor character and films - she wasn't down with all of the Norse mythology and lore as much as I was - out of all of the different Marvel characters, she's probably the least enamored with Thor (although she's enamored with Chris Hemsworth, which is a different story). But we're still onboard for this movie from the comic-book nature of it, as well as next Spring's "Captain America 2: The Winter Soldier". Are you in/out on this film, or on Thor in general? Let me know in the comments.
Keith Shaw rounds up the best in geek video in his ITworld.tv blog. Follow Keith on Twitter at @shawkeith. For the latest IT news, analysis and how-tos, follow ITworld on Twitter, Facebook, and Google+.

subset: commoncrawl


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The color Combo look good. I would agree with some of this. If you go TMIC no point on not doing a DP. catback will give yu a nice rumble for sure.
However DP and Retune would be hard to grab you 300whp, close maybe 280's depending how aggressive the tune is, but toss that TMIC with the DP and Tune and you will be for sure.


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Internships.com, a Chegg service, is the world's largest student-focused internship marketplace, bringing students, employers and higher education institutions together in one centralized location. Internships.com provides a wide variety of interactive tools and services to enable every student, employer and educator to better understand and optimize internship opportunities, enabling businesses to identify the best job candidates and for students to develop the real-world skills they will need upon graduation. For more information, visit Chegg.com.
Press Contact: Please direct all media requests to email@example.com.


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NYPD searching for links in shopkeeper shootings
All three victims were of Middle Eastern descent, stores were within 5-mile radius
Associated Press
NEW YORK — Police are searching for any further links in the deaths of three New York City shopkeepers who were shot by the same gun.
All three victims were of Middle Eastern descent. Their stores are within a 5-mile radius, and none of them have surveillance cameras.
The latest shooting death came Friday, when 78-year-old Rahmatollah Vahidipour was killed at his store. Police say the same gun was used in the deaths of Mohamed Gebeli in July and Isaac Kadare in August, also at their shops in Brooklyn. Authorities have said that ballistics evidence connected the weapon used in the first two deaths.
A call on Sunday to Vahidipour's home in Great Neck, N.Y., was not answered.
Copyright 2012 Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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5th.co.in is the most searched and visited website by clients for packing and moving requirements in Pune. The list of experienced packers and movers Pune we have on our list could be considered as pioneer of this industry and since all the listed professionals are insurance covered and technically advanced; customer could just be relaxed and enjoy the assistance that our enterprise has to offer. The idea could be nuisance as moving from one direction to other with whole lot of stuff is never easy beside that you never know when next promotion could come with next posting so be ready for it.
Why You Should Go With One of Our Listed Pune Shifting Companies
1. It is an amazing question and the answer is management and years of experience. The listed packers and movers Pune associated in this business just know how to pack and move things in a professional way, without causing even a minor crack or damaging articles.
2. The service is not just about state to state, city to city or bounded but it could ship your stuff to international location in an efficient way and on time.
3. Customer satisfaction is guaranteed beside that paper work would make it more crystal clear.
4. ISO mark and certification and then track of success record and happy faces are a statement.
5. Handling of customer, easy enquiry service, availability and options undoubtedly defines the true meaning of packing and moving. With our movers and packers in Pune, you are sure to have a pleasant experience of shifting from one place to another that too at cost effective rate.
• It is not just about household shifting but the years of practice have open the door for factory shifting, vehicle moving, relocation of office, industry shifting, shifting of heavy goods etc.
• As mentioned above cross country service is a commitment and with technology the packers and movers of Pune have could take care of any kind of problem related with relocation and arrangement.
• Clearing, loading, unloading, rearrangement is done according to customer guidelines.
• Numbers of off roader, carrier, transporter beside that hydraulics, door to door service, packing material would let customer feel the professionalism.
• Affordable rates and effective service is something that our listed packers and movers of Pune would offer.
Transport and communication
The listed packers and movers have number of off roader and trailer to carry goods beside that they have store house with 24/7 surveillance system. The GPS tracker would ensure the distance and technically advanced trailers and trucks would carry your luggage with utmost care and impetus.
Safety to your valuables...We know how much it means
• Although customers are advised to carry their valuables with them and rest would be taken care as enlisted packers and movers used standard packing materials to ensure safety.
• The regular packing materials like bubble wraps, carton box and wooden box is used to give special care and the same idea would be followed while loading and unloading. We value your articles as it comes with hard earned money and for that, you have been spending hours and hours of your life. So we are here to move it with utmost safety and security.
Simplification of work
The clients or customer would not have to reach to us a phone call would do a job and then from website customer could extract information about how our enlisted Pune packers and movers work. The customer executive would give you assistance and then whole plan would be laid out according to your comfort and convenience. The examination would be laid and then you would be given estimated cost of moving according to distance and luggage you have on your back to carry. Traveller then has an option as long list of packers and movers enlisted on our site leaves great opportunity to test the professional skills.
Management is the Core of Our Moving Companies in Pune
1. The men power and field work and then professional and team work together would ensure proper management.
2. Idea and skills along with technicalities would make things easier.
3. Classification of work and timeline would ask the team would get the job done with precision.
4. Logistic achievement and years of experience in this field would surely not disappoint as it is kind of commitment and determination our people to assist you in relocation and arrangement.
As we talked before, packers and movers o Pune listed on our site are all ISO certified and they have valid permit to cross the state from one to other. The paper work associated with insurance would give benefit and would cover things carried in carrier if in case any harm is done. Terms and policy in this case should be read thoroughly. Insurance is provided to all commodities/items and all conditions used and new. Beside that insurance is offered to all destinations be it domestic or international and in all types of mode be it land, air and ocean.
Even if all these would not satisfy your query, our team of professionals are always at your service to guide you regarding your shifting solution requirements. Call us and we would guide you to hire the services among the many listed movers and packers Pune. We are at your service 24/7 and you can reach us at 0 88 00 28 62 28.


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Get The Look - Spheres Page 3
What goes around comes around. Now is the time to discover the unique appeal of spheres. It is no wonder this shape has inspired many designers to create works of beauty with an array of stunning styles and finishes. These are works of art and timeless additions to family rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens. Spheres can be a well-rounded addition to your home.
Please tell us what you thought of this, and feel free to ask questions...
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Posted on July 10, 2014 by Steve Brielmaier | 0 comments
Relax with these beautiful, calming colors in this year's Pantone Spring 2014 palette pick - Dazzling Blue!
A reminder of the suppleness of light at sun rise and twilight
Double shades create a dramatic and eye-catching appearance for lighting
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We remain grateful for the George B. Page Foundation's continuing support and for your generous grant of $20,000 last year to help fund out nutritious new food program. I am pleased to provide this report on how your investment is making a significant difference in the lives of the homeless and at-risk children we serve.
It is with sincere appreciation we submit our 2010 Grant Report (see attached). Girls Inc. is so thankful to the George B. Page Foundation for your generous gift of $20,000. Please know how much this gift meant to our organization and the girls and families we serve.
Thank you again for your support of our Children's Programs. As you can see, your assistance helps us to provide a wide range of safe activities and crucial services for our resident children and their families.
Again, thank you for your continued support of the Page Youth Center. Many of the things PYC has been able to accomplish over the years have been made possible through the support of The Page Foundation.


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Jason Wilson Wall, 31, was formally charged with driving under the influence (DUI) manslaughter and DUI with serious bodily injury Monday, July 8—nearly two years after the death of Erin Nichole (Walker) Lawless, the Perry mother who died in a car crash the night she turned 28 years old and some five weeks after the Florida Highway Patrol (FHP) issued a warrant for his arrest.
Wall, who was in court for a motion hearing related to the case, was arrested and ordered held on a $100,000 bond. He remained in custody at the Taylor County Jail as of presstime Tuesday.
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July 11, 2013
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. ----- UAB head football coach Garrick McGee and his coaching staff will hold a prospect camp on Saturday, July 20 at the Blazers' practice fields.
The camp is open to students from rising 9th graders through high school seniors. The cost is $50 per camper with lunch provided.
Check-in will be at the Bell-Wallace Gym on 13th Street from 7:00-9:00 a.m. The camp will run from 9:30 a.m.-3:00 p.m.
For more information please contact Travis Taylor 205-975-3977 or email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
Ohio abortion-rights group protests restrictions
Allison Knudsen (center), from Cleveland, and other abortion-rights supporters call Governor John Kasich's office as they attempt to deliver 17,000 signatures to him. No one was able to answer the door so the group left the signatures outside his door. (Tom Dodge/The Columbus Dispatch)
Read the story
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John Deere Pocket Wath in Tin Avon
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Advertising
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Mar 06, 2008
- Channel: Auction House
John Deere Pocket Watch in Commemorative Tin sold by Avon. (2003)
Item is new.Will combine shipping on multiple items. Payment: Paypal, money order, cashiers check, personal check (will hold 10 days for check to clear.


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This is the latest commercial for Confused.com, a British price comparison website specializing in insurance and financial services.
It stars the site's SpokesRobot, Brian.
But the real star here is the obvious gaming of the U.K.'s notoriously puritanical ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) that has been performed.
The ASA has already received 20 complaints about the ad, mainly for it being "offensive, distasteful," and "suggestive of sexual activity," an activity know in England as "dogging."
This is what Joby Russell, marketing director of Confused.com, said about the complaints: "Admittedly, the woman is somewhat startled by Brian appearing in the car window, having been tying her shoelace."
Whether the commercial ends up being banned or not, Confused.com has already and will continue to reap much added media "value."
Read more: http://buzzfeed.com/copyranter/pathetic-uk-blowjob-ad-created-specificaly-to-be-banned


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I have extra leather left for a few more sets. This will be the last run I make. After this, if anyone ever needs one, just shoot me a PM and I'll make one for you. But for now, I need to get rid of this leather that's taking lots of room on my table. I need space for my clone armor.
shoot me a pm if you would like one. this will be conpleted in less then two weeks.
145.00 shipped. extra overseas.
paypal only.


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Hotel Cheval
Paso Robles, CA
At first glance, the room rate at the horsey-themed Hotel Cheval, just off Paso's central square, felt high with no restaurant or on-site gym. Yet the inn won us over with A+ service, its winey Pony Club Bar, and a lovely central-courtyard design scattered with firepits. Plus the rooms are stellar: Each has an easy-to-use-fireplace, real coffee fixin's (as in grinds and cream in the room), and a balcony. Extra points for running the breakfast buffet till 10! $315/$350; 16 rooms;
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Alexandria is known as a sweet destination,and when the summer sun is shining, you can cool off with a sweet treat from boozy gelato to fresh fruit pops and everything in between. We've rounded up our favorite spots for ice cream and other cold treats in the Port City, with enough options to keep you cool all summer long.
killer esp
Top 5: Summer Treats
We're all aware that summer on the East Coast can mean some seriously warm weather. So what better way to beat the heat than with something cold and sweet like ice cream or a popsicle? Continue reading


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biofilm problems
I know this topic has been discussed many times, why is biofilm in a tank?
If there is a link between phosphate and biofilm?
13 Attachment(s)
Are you talking about the surface of the water?
Yes, biofilm on the surface.
From what I recall, the biofilm on the surface of the water is generally proteinaceous in nature, so it probably comes from fish food, and not phosphates.
Various protein skimmer assemblies (salt water people use these), put the output of the filter at the surface temporarily, paper towels :)
We all deal with it from time to time. It usually happens the day or two before a water change and I put the filter output at water level when the lights go out (not to vent CO2) and it reincorporates it into the water - the next day a w/c does away with it :)
Hi ,
Thanks for the replies, excess protein is the main problem?
Yes, excess food. I have the biofilm disappearing by itself if I don't feed the fish for a couple of days. I don't skim the water surface at all. I don't see a point in doing that.
Feed less and often than once in bulk. If you can't, invest in an automatic feeder.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk HD
Excess protein in food is shrimp believe.
Shrimp, krill, fish meat. Any meat put in the food mix. Don't know about vegetable protein though. I'm thinking of soy protein.
once about 2 years ago on a asian aquarium site i had see a diy made from a cheapo micro internal filter upsidedown (inlet up outlet down :P )put inside a grided cut inlet pipe... and now for a while i see amano's vuppathing ...deja vu? Lol
Can you send me the website address?
the best "cure" to biofilm is surface agitation, or a surface skimmer.
Air stone on a timer, 30 minutes a day, best when the CO2 is off. Cured.
Thanks for the reply, if a pump wave supplement may be the solution?
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Built to handle camping, cabins, and urban landscapes, the Moab Rover Waterproof Shoes feature the rugged good looks of an oiled leather and textile upper, Vibram traction, and all-day cushioned comfort.
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We'll cover some guidelines and decisions that a photographer will use to select the best possible tripod for their needs.
We'll cover some guidelines and decisions that a photographer will use to select the best possible tripod head for their needs.
Our guide discusses why we make our camera/lens plates (or brackets) the way we do and will help you find the right style for your needs.
Everything you need to know (and more) about our quick release clamps.
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Item Code: Add-on Pano Package, LR
The Add-on Pano Package, LR is designed to build upon an existing single-row panorama setup, like our Pano Elements LR Package, to create a complete multi-row panorama package. This package consists of two main components: a horizontal bar for mounting in a panning clamp (not included), and a vertical arm with clamp to act as the tilt axis for the nodal slide and camera. When combined with your existing panning clamp and nodal slide combination, the Add-on Pano Package, LR will be a full-size and super-capable multi-row kit. The CB-10 Camera Bar provides the horizontal arm for mounting the vertical components of the package, and is robust enough to handle and camera/lens combination without deflection. Featuring continuous top and bottom dovetails, a laser-engraved scale for repeatable positioning, and a built-in spirit level, the CB-10 makes the perfect bridge between the two major axes of the Multi-Row Pano Elements Packages. At 10 inches long, it's enough clearance to allow centering even using the "tallest" camera bodies with vertical grips. The PG-02 VA operates as the vertical tilt axis component and is robust enough to operate with just about any size camera and lens combination. The large star-shaped lock knob provides sure-fire grip for easy one-twist lockup, even with gloved hands, and provides over 50 pounds of lockup capacity at any angle. The robust tilt bearing inside the Vertical Arm is compact and lightweight but offers silky-smooth movement with even high weight mounted. A laser-engraved scale provides precise tilt positioning. Our patented B2-LR-II lever-release clamp provides secure mounting for any Really Right Stuff lens foot, plate, or rail, with complete 360-degree tilting range. With a precise laser-engraved scale, the clamp offers no-parallax positioning with ease.
A panning clamp for the base, and a nodal slide to mount in the vertical arm clamp. If you don't already have a single row panorama setup, you might want to purchase those components along with these in our Multi-Row Pano Elements Package, LR or the Multi-Row Panorama Package. For best panorama leveling convenience the panning clamp should mount on top of a ballhead or leveling base. Our friends at LensCoat developed a custom neoprene pouch just for these components. Visit their website to view and order the RRS PG Pouch.
PG-02 User's Guide Lever Release Clamp User's Guide Screw-Knob Clamp User's Guide


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Parte del patrimonio mondiale, la casa è classificata come monumento nazionale. L'unico bed and breakfast sul lungomare di Ribeira, il quartiere più interessante di Porto. Regala splendide viste mare a fiume Douro e ponte emblematico, nonché una delle più antiche strade della Ribeira. Scavi Arqueological durante lavori di ristrutturazione hanno rivelato spiagge romane sotto la casa. Attenzione alle soluzioni sani come scelta di aria condizionata (acqua e non aria), pavimenti in legno, lenzuola di cotone, ecc Servizio personalizzato, attenzione ai dettagli. Situato a pochi passi dai monumenti più interessanti e gite in barca.
5 su luglio 02, 2015
Guest House Douro is easily our favorite place to stay. Accomodations are immaculate, with no detail overlooked. The breakfast (included in the reasonably priced room rates) is phenomenal and includes amazing fruits, cheeses, meats and breads of Portugal. The owners and staff are extremely friendly and had great insights into things to see, where to dine, shop and visit in the city. We had an amazing time and will certainly be back to Guest House Douro again.
5 su novembre 06, 2013
Highest marks to Carmen and Joao. Everything everyone says about the friendliness, the cleanliness, the owners' knowledge of the town, the views, the marvelous breakfasts included in the price, is still true (we visited there in October, 2013). Even more, I knew nothing about touring the Douro or the town of Porto. However, by emailing Carmen in advance, I received her excellent suggestion to reserve with Douro Exclusive, a wonderful husband and wife tour team that showed us the Douro River and its port history, all in a comfortable van drive and river excursion. Carmen also arranged for tables at two fantastic restaurants packed with locals, both just steps away from the Guest House. Our room was small, but Carmen had kindly warned us about its size before we booked. During our stay, we certainly didn't mind the smallness of what turned out daily to be our sparkling, fresh-flower-enhanced room, overlooking the Douro, with a bed more comfortable than ours at home, and a shower with more hot water than we ever enjoyed in Paris. Highly recommended. Edie and Robert De Avila, California
5 su aprile 26, 2013
One of the best experiences we have had traveling! Truly beautiful B&B. Exquisitely decorated, fantastic location,wonderful hosts. Highly recommend when visiting Porto. We are already talking about a return visit!
5 su ottobre 31, 2012
Guest House Douro is first rate. My wife and I had a great stay there last August. Carmen and Joao accommodated our every want and need, went above and beyond. We were pleased with every aspect of our visit, from the elegant yet comfortable room, to the delicious, varied breakfast, to the accurate directions and useful local tips and information. Fantastic bed and breakfast; we recommend it most highly.
5 su aprile 30, 2012
We recently stayed at Guest House Douro. Porto is a great city and Guest House Douro is perfectly located overlooking the Douro River. The owners, Carmen and Joao, were a great help in choosing places to dine and shop. Immaculate rooms, very comfortable beds, and delightful breakfasts (made even more delightful by Joao). We will definitely return
5 su aprile 29, 2012
We recently had our second visit to Guest House Douro. We had previously stayed there two years ago when visiting Porto on our honeymoon. We enjoyed Porto and Guest House Douro so much the first time that we wanted to visit it again and explore other parts of Portugal, including the Douro Valley and Lisbon. While we enjoyed the other parts of the country, our tour convinced us that Guest House Douro and the city of Porto are our favorites. Just like the first visit, the accomodations were immaculate, with no detail overlooked. The breakfast (included in the reasonably priced room rates) is phenomenal and showcases amazing fruits, cheeses, meats and breads of Portugal. The owners and staff are extremely friendly and had great insights into things to see, where to dine, shop and visit in the city. We had an amazing time and will certainly be back to Guest House Douro again.
4,8 su luglio 06, 2011
My boyfriend and I, stayed at this guest house for two days, and we really wish we could have stayed longer. Though the rooms were small, Carmen and Joao made us feel at home and welcome. They were able to provide us with places to see in Porto, as well as show us the best places to eat. I cannot wait to return.
5 su aprile 16, 2011
Guest House Douro is terrific. Carmen and Joao see to every detail. The maps they provide are hand marked IN ADVANCE with a variety of special places to visit; because they aren't preoccupied with marking maps on the spot, they are able to focus on guests' interests and tastes and then individualize their recommendations. By the time we reached Porto, we were ready to hire a private guide for a day, but found no need after several consultations with Carmen, Joao and their assistant. Cleanliness is sacrosanct. Best of all: when Carmen or Joao made dinner reservations on our behalf, we snagged the best table in the house! May the Guest House Douro never change.
4,8 su aprile 16, 2011
While the rooms are small, this is more then made up for by the location, the service, the cleanliness and the outstanding breakfast. The owners and the staff go out of their way to make your stay as if you were at home and knew the answers to everything. Ask and they will help you have a wonderful experience.
4,8 su gennaio 20, 2011
My husband and I recently had a wonderful stay at the Douro guest house. Carmen and Joao are fantastic, as is their beautifully restored home. We received a very warm welcome from Carmen and enjoyed a glass of port while she explained a map of the city and pointed out highlights. She was full of valuable information that couldn´t be found in any of our guidebooks. Our room (102) was small, but expertly designed so we had plenty of room to organize our belongings. The best part of this room is its two beautiful windows overlooking the river and allowing for beautiful city views and lots of natural light. The design of the room (like everything about this guest house) is very tastefully done! We loved it. Joao served up a delicious breakfast of artisinal breads, pastries and cheese, along with a beautiful assortment of freshly cut fruits (including my favorite passion fruit!). Our last day of the stay, my husband was a little nervous about a phone interview for a job and Carmen even helped him prepare and recommended some excellent port tastings to help him relax. The interview turned out to be a great success!! We can´t wait to return here again soon. Highly recommended! Our only regret is that we didn´t stay longer!
storico lungomare porto, Città, Centro città, Vista Mare, Regione vinicola
Porto, Portugal (OPO) 6 miles
Coordinate GPS sul nostro sito, così come le indicazioni per arrivare in auto. Se in auto, venite a trovarci prima, abbiamo un accordo con il parcheggio sotterraneo e abbiamo i biglietti.
Shopping Antiquariato, Acquari, Gallerie d'arte, Spiaggia, Casino, Concerti, Cene da gourmet, Interessi Storici, Musica dal vivo, Cinema, Musei, Zona Naturale, Oceano, crociere sul fiume Douro, Punti vendita, Teatro, Area Picnic, Servizi religiosi, Fiume, Rovine, Vigneti, Azienda vinicola, Zoo
Other, Private Home Bed and Breakfast, Bed and Breakfast, Historic Inn
CD player, Computer, Fotocopiatrici, Dispositivo Fax, Radio , bicchiere di vino Porto all'arrivo
Aria condizionata, Sveglia , Prodotti di cortesia, Accappatoi, Scrivania, Asciugacapelli, Accesso a internet , Ingresso privato, TV via cavo/satellite, TV, Telefono, Wi-Fi, Internet via cavo
Noleggio bici, Piste ciclabili, Bici, Osservazione Uccelli, Nautica, Pesca, Golf, Kayak, Degustazione di Porto, Shopping, Sport acquatici
Carmen and Joao
italiano di base, Inglese, Français, Spagnolo
Ci siamo trasferiti qui dal Canada per aprire la nostra pensione e siamo profondamente coinvolti.


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For anyone that has this add-on I would appreciate your thoughts on this.......
Magpul B.A.D. Lever @ 2010 Shot Show - YouTube
Printable View
For anyone that has this add-on I would appreciate your thoughts on this.......
Magpul B.A.D. Lever @ 2010 Shot Show - YouTube
I haven't seen the magpul one, but I have a buddy who has an off brand version of it. It's a handy little thing. He got it for free after the item he originally ordered was on back order, as a "Sorry about that" gift.
It's completely unnecessary IMHO, but if you've got the few extra bucks, go ahead and try it out. It's cheap enough that if it doesn't work, you're not out a whole lot.
I'll get a hold of my buddy and find out the brand of his and get back to you about it.
Crowman. I do not have a BAD lever on my rifles however I have used them on other rifles.
The concept make sense. One handed/finger manipulation of the weapons bolt. Some have had issues where they hit the BAD lever not meaning to and it locked the bolt to the rear. I run Gen 1 redi mags on my rifle and it makes it more difficult to get to the bolt release. Once home I will install one of these and see how it works.
Troy Industries also makes one of their own.
I have one and I love it. As a right handed shooter who enjoys range time it works great. I shoot with a bipod typically, and I just lift the gun with my right hand, change magazines, tap the BAD lever to drop the bolt and good to go.
It does take some getting used to. If you are not 100% on where your mag release is, then I can see where someone could hit it and drop the bolt. I did that a few times getting used to it, but I have yet to ever lock it back.
It's a nice convenience, but if I were to do some serious training with my AR, I'd likely remove it so that I could ensure I'm not getting comfortable with a feature that the platform doesn't natively support.
I was just looking at these tonight. I like the concept too. I was thinking of getting the Troy one to put on my Troy carbine. I'm still relatively new to training on the AR platform.
I wonder if it is better to learn to use it now or train without and then learn to use it later. I'm a gadget guy, but I like a clean carbine as well.
Waiting for more of the experienced and the experts to weigh in.
I have the Troy and the BAD. I'd go with the BAD - it has a significantly better mounting system. The Troy is flawed by not completely enclosing the standard bolt release paddle, ergo it has movement regardless of how tight you get those itty bitty set screws then strip out the sockets. The only thing I don't like about the BAD is that it does not stick out on the right side as far as the Troy, a little harder to find & manipulate.
I have yet to have a problem with bolt lock on either (4k+ on my Troy and 2 advanced classes, 1200+ on the BAD and 1 class).
Regardless of which one you choose, LEARN HOW TO OPERATE A STOCK RIFLE PROFICIENTLY! You never know when you will be obliged to grab a rifle that is not your own and find yourself lost trying to manipulate ambi functions that are not there.
I like them. I have had both the Magpul and the Tactical Link versions on my rifles, I prefer the Tactical Link version. I prefer how it sits in the trigger guard and I think it mounts more securely.
As a lefty I debated it for a while, but also find it quite useful.
Tapatalk - Helping people post from bathrooms since 2009.
Have it, love it, can't believe it's not "stock" at this point.
I had them on my rifles for a while back when they were first released. I will not use them now. There are too many people experiencing issues with them and locking the bolt back now is really not that hard, nor is releasing it. One tell-tale sign that these aren't always a good idea is that Travis Haley no longer uses them since leaving Magpul.
Now, I tripped and hit the ground during a drill with one of these. I immediately took a knee and continued the drill. After two or three rounds, the bolt would hold open, so I'd hit it and fire again. This happened again. I looked at the rifle and noticed the BAD lever was bent inward and the rear plate had broken. The bolt catch was being held open just enough that it would catch every few rounds.
Had I tried to bend it back, there was a possibility I would have snapped the bolt catch. So, I had to remove it as you normally would. Had this been a more serious situation instead of training, I could have been in a real mess. And, since I think if you're going to modify the manual of arms of one of your rifles, you should do it to all of them, I had to remove them all and not just use them on a training rifle.
For me, the marginal reward is certainly not worth the serious risk. I only experienced the bolt not locking back a few times over many thousands of rounds, so that wasn't much of a concern, though anyone using these should test their rifles for this issue.
There are pics floating around on m4carbine that i posted when this happened. I think I started a thread about it, so it shouldn't be hard to find for those interested.
Another tell-tale sign that these aren't the best addition out there, is that I can't think of a single firearms trainer, at least respectable LE or military trainer, using one of these on their rifles. There may be one or two, but I can't think of any.
For range use I think they're fine. I would not put one on a self defense rifle as there's no real need for it and it only adds an additional failure point in the system.
That's my opinion and I'm sticking to it! :smile:
I have one on one of my AR's and only see it being an advantage if you are running through lots of mags really fast.


text:
The Asynchronous USB Audio class 2 module.
1 Attachment(s)
Well Folks,
It has been a long time coming, but it is almost here. I spent many months of prototyping and research before ending up here.
I am just finalizing the layout of the Asynchronous USB 2.0 input module.
I wanted to show you folks a quick preview of the module. We are just about to order the prototypes.
Some features:
Fully asynchronous operation based on XMOS technology utilizing custom firmware.
All audio signals and power including the clocks are fully isolated from the USB side of things - this can be overridden with jumpers if you want to power the entire device from the USB bus. External power for the audio side is very flexible. 5 - 12VDC input should be fine.
I2S (TTL and LVDS for teleporter) and SPDIF output.
Access to the master clock signal.
All digital audio signals (clocks and data) are re-clocked to the audio master clock.
Two extremely low phase noise Crystek clocks for the audio master clocks.
Separate TPS7A47 LDO regulators used on both the USB side and the audio side.
Meticulous 4 layer layout with very careful attention to all of the important details like signal termination and bypass/decoupling. There is even ESD protection for the USB input.
uFL connectors for LVTTL signals to/from DAC/ADC.
The board is designed to be easily panel mounted using brackets.
Here is a preview of the board. Some details will likely change a bit as I finish it up (and if I find anything I want to change after the next prototypes), and certain design features are intentionally obscured. But you should get a good idea what is going on. :cool:
More details to come. Feedback welcome.
Wooo Hooo!
Thanks Russ. This looks to be great. I am very excited that this is not too far off now...
Excellent! Still 2 channels/board?
I have a prototype - but it's a bit ugly at the moment. :)
Yes two channels, may do an eight -channel version later. :)
Yippee! What's it been? 2 years?....so I see something happening by summer...
Well in many ways - 2012 was a year I would rather forget - lets just say there was not much time for my hobby.
In any case - this design is pretty radically different from what I was first going to do. In a very good way. :cool:
This will do simultaneous i2s input and output, right?
I have it designed to work with the ESS ADC with the ADC in asynchronous slave mode.
With my current firmware the USB module must always be master for both the DAC and the ADC.
The initial focus is output - but I have plans for input too. :)
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text:
Mark Schlereth and Jeff Saturday discuss whether Joe Flacco's deal was the right move for the Ravens.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 12, 2010
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 2006
|Priority date
|Jan 25, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Joseph F. Mazzella, Louis F. Holzknecht, Larry Porcellato
|Original Assignee
|The Glidden Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (8), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This patent application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Applications, with Ser. No. 60/646,897 filed Jan. 25, 2005 and the other with Ser. No. 60/687,473 filed Jun. 3, 2005. The entire contents of each of these afore-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
This invention relates to a computer generated recommendation of a type of paint or coating composition and maintaining supplies of such paints or coating compositions for use based on climatic conditions at the location of use of the paint and coating composition. The recommendation and source of supply involves the durability of the paint or coating film and hence the frequency of application of the paint or coating composition considering the climatic conditions.
Films formed from various types of coating compositions such as paints in the industrial maintenance, marine, and even architectural markets and stains and varnishes are applied to surfaces of objects for decorative purposes and/or to protect the surfaces from the elements. These elements can be exterior weather related elements such as humidity or pH or corrosive materials in the atmosphere or water. Also these or similar elements can be encountered in interior environments within structures such as buildings and houses. Some coating compositions that form films based on evaporative or reactive chemistries require people skilled in the coatings area to make a recommendation of use of a particular coating composition to form a film that will last for a desired period of time in a particular environment. These skilled individuals know the various features of the various coating compositions such as the durability of the films of the compositions which makes one or more compositions better in particular environments. In this world of ever quickening pace and tempo, these skilled individuals may not be instantly available on a 24 hour and seven day a week basis to make coating recommendations. Having a system that would make such recommendations available on such a basis and even be capable of supplying the specifications for recommended coating compositions would offer this and additional advantages to users of coating compositions.
The present invention provides a system and a method for recommending one or more coating compositions or a combination of coating compositions for use on a substrate, structure, building, pipeline, bridge, facility and the like. The system and method provide the recommendation depending on the location of the use and the concomitant environmental conditions to which the dried and/or cured coating film will be exposed.
In one embodiment the method includes applying at least one classification of the more than one environment in which coating compositions form coating films on surfaces, providing a database of environmental data for a plurality of locations of use of coating compositions where the location and/or environmental data incorporates features of the classification, providing a data base of a plurality of coating compositions, and providing at least one parameter to match the data of a particular environment for a location with at least one coating composition to make a recommendation of at least one coating composition for a particular location having a particular environment.
In a particular embodiment of the invention the recommendation can include generation of the specification of the recommended coating composition to the user by electronic or paper communication. In particular the specification can be provided by the internet when the system existing as a web site on the world wide web or internet.
In another embodiment of the present invention the system is comprised of at least one central processing unit (CPU), an environmental conditions by location database operable with the CPU and comprising environmental conditions such as climatic conditions for a plurality of geographical locations; a coatings compositions database operable with the CPU comprising performance and appearance characteristics of a plurality of coating compositions; at least one input device operable to input the location of use of at least one coating composition along with at least one performance property desired and at least one appearance property desired for the coating film or paint. The CPU being programmed to: compare the inputted location with a plurality of environmental conditions to which a coating film will be exposed at that location and to select one or more coating compositions having performance characteristics to match the performance desired of a coating for the particular inputted location.
Of course the system of the present invention can also involve Storage Area Network (SAN) connecting data and components to other components. Also, network connections such as (e.g., Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), etc.) to system of the invention are a possibility that reside outside of the server system itself. As for the internet it is any global network of computers. One popular part of the Internet is know as the World Wide Web, or the "Web." The Web contains computers capable of displaying graphical and/or textual content or information. Computers that provide information on the Web are typically called "web sites." A website is defined by an Internet address referred to as a "URL" (uniform resource locator, e.g. http://www.specdoctor.com) that has an associated electronic page, often called a "home page." The URL has the access protocol of (http), the domain name (www.specdoctor.com) and optionally can include a path such as (www.specdoctor.com/digitalsitesurvey) to a file or resource residing on that server. Generally, a home page is an electronic document that organizes the presentation of one or more of such items as: text, graphical images, audio and video into a desired display. Of course as understood by those skilled in the art, where appropriate for the given state of computer hardware, existence of internal networks, and available software, other configurations of a network are possible including wireless networks.
In one embodiment, the present invention can be a Web-based system and method that utilizes HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to implement documents on the Internet together with a general-purpose secure communication protocol for a transport medium between the web-based system and the internet user. HTTP or other protocols could be readily substituted for HTML without undue experimentation. Information on these products is available in T. Bemers-Lee, D. Connoly, "RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language—2.0" (November 1995); and R. Fielding, H, Frystyk, T. Bemers-Lee, J. Gettys and J. C. Mogul, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1: HTTP Working Group Internet Draft" (May 2, 1996). HTML is a simple data format used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains. HTML has been in use by the Web global information initiative since 1990. HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879; 1986 Information Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Another approach for at least one embodiment of the present invention is with Java, where User Interface (UI) components can include custom items such as: real-time information, animated icons, and the like. Unlike HTML, Java supports the notion of client-side validation, offloading appropriate processing onto the client for improved performance. Dynamic, real-time Web pages can be created. Sun's Java language is defined as: "a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral, portable, high-performance, multithreaded, dynamic, buzzword-compliant, general-purpose programming language. Java which has become an industry-recognized language for "programming the Internet supports programming for the Internet in the form of platform-independent Java applets." Java applets are small, specialized applications that comply with Sun's Java Application Programming Interface (API) allowing developers to add "interactive content" to Web documents (e.g., simple animations, page adornments, and the like). Applets execute within a Java-compatible browser (e.g., Netscape Navigator) by copying code from the server to user. From a language standpoint, Java's core feature set is based on C++. Sun's Java literature states that Java is basically, "C++ with extensions from Objective C for more dynamic method resolution."
Of course other technologies than JAVA known to those skilled in the art can be used such as Microsoft and ActiveX Technologies. ActiveX includes tools for developing animation, 3-D virtual reality, video and other multimedia content. The tools use Internet standards, work on multiple platforms, and these are being supported by more companies over time. The building blocks are called ActiveX Controls that are small and fast components that enable embedding of parts of software in hypertext markup language (HTML) pages. ActiveX Controls work with a variety of programming languages including Microsoft Visual C++, Borland Delphi, Microsoft Visual Basic programming system and Microsoft's development tool for Java. ActiveX Technologies also includes ActiveX Server Framework, allowing developers to create server applications.
In certain implementations of the invention, a server system is connected to one or more user systems via a network (e.g., the Internet). The server system performs many functions, including, for example: enabling user software to log into the server system and request and access data; uploading data from user software; retrieving and using data from a data store; generating data layers (e.g., spatially referenced images); sending data to the user software for display; and, handling various notifications to the user software (e.g., a notification regarding new data added to the data store).
The system of the present invention suitably provides browser support. In particular, the system software is a web-based application service provider (ASP) that supports, for example, the following browsers: Microsoft�. Internet Explorer� version 4.x and above and Netscape� 5.x and above.
The system can provide for and/or use or display content that can include: a technique for receiving spatial and tabular updates from a handoff to a third party system using an interface technique, such as Web Services (which is a standard, flexible connection technique to allow communication between disparate computer systems using Internet or similar network connection to transfer information and may be used to send XML messages). Moreover, the system may provide a spatial editor for modifying editable data elements (e.g., graphical objects or tabular data, and the like known to those skilled in the art), while the third party system may implement business rules for validating the editable data elements.
Also, the system may involve data compression (e.g., of image data) at run time during the data transformation stage. Compressing data is important because some data (e.g., GIS image data) cannot be accessed over the Internet due to the size of the data. For example, some image data is in a graphical data format called TIFF. TIFF, as understood by those skilled in the art, is a tag-based image file format that is designed to promote the interchange of digital image data. TIFF provides a multi-purpose data format and is compatible with a wide range of scanners and image-processing applications. TIFF format is device independent and is used in most operating environments, including Windows�, Macintosh�, and UNIX�. TIFF is a popular and flexible public domain raster file format. To be able to use GIS image data that may be transferred over the Internet, implementations of the invention convert large image data to a compressed data format, such as JPEG. There are many reasons for using the JPEG file format. JPEG permits a greater degree of compression than other image formats, such as TIFF, enabling quicker downloading times for larger graphics. Furthermore, JPEG documents appear to retain almost complete image quality for most photographs.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of doing business. The method comprises developing a first parameter correlating a location of use of the coating composition and a second parameter correlating to the external and/or internal environments of use of the coating composition, and a third parameter for ordering and stocking the coating compositions based on their frequency of use in the particular location. The methods can further include generating the quantity or volume of a particular recommended coating composition for a particular region based on the climatic data and stocking the quantity of coating composition for a plurality of locations based on the frequency of recommendations or the anticipated amount of use for a particular coating composition for each location.
Additionally, the present invention can include a coating application planner or scheduler. From the climatic data for a region of interest to a user, a forecast of the climatic conditions can be obtained to plan or schedule the most likely or an appropriate time of the year, month or day to apply a particular coating to a particular surface. Alternatively or additionally, the system of the present invention can predict optimum application dates and times based on the historical weather data trends as opposed to a forecast of the weather. For instance when the surface is of a building with a northern exposure, the system can generate times that are more appropriate for applying a recommended coating to achieve the desired coating life time. Such an approach can reduce the risk of premature failure of a coating on the substrate.
Such an approach can include climatic data on airborne pollutants such as those that contribute to acid rain and atmospheric pH. Also the coating recommendation based on the user provided information concerning the location of application of the coating can include coating compositions that are compliant with any VOC requirements for that location. Such a system is valuable to the property owners of substrates for coatings by providing choices for one or more coating compositions ranging from the most economical in the short term for the location to the longest lasting for the long term considering the durability and longevity of the coating system for the experienced exposure to the elements at the location of application of the coating composition. Additionally the method and system of the present invention once the location for the application of the coating is determined can provide one or more recommendations of one or more coating compositions for the climatic conditions of that location. Such a recommendation can include the labor rates in the location for contractors to apply the coating compositions.
In one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a prescriptive specification writing tool for Carbon Steel and Galvanized metal substrates, which is driven by an environmental classification system. The classification system can utilize climatic conditions such as weather data from a plurality of sources such as greater than 30,000 sources around the United States. Climatic information is gathered for airborne pollution such as acid rain (low pH factor) and/or corrosive ion content such as chloride ion and/or sulfate or sulfur dioxide ions. Also analyzed are general climatic conditions such as precipitation, humidity, and temperature The classification system can have the following categories:
SD 1 Category
Relatively benign atmospheric conditions. This can be associated with both a dry climate, and interior of a conditioned building—these are areas of low humidity, no atmospheric fall-out and neutral pH
SD 2 Category
Relatively benign atmospheric conditions. This can be associated with unheated buildings, more rural environments, these are areas of low to medium humidity minimal or no atmospheric fall-out and neutral pH.
SD 3—Category
Slightly aggressive, Light Industrial and urbanized environments. Higher humidity, and areas subject to airborne pollutants and atmospheric fall-out.
SD 4—Category
Aggressive Industrial and urbanized environments such as major Cities. High humidity, airborne electrolytes (Salts) and atmospheric fall-out promoting corrosion.
In addition other categories can be included even those that may not be related to the climatic data but incorporate user activity concerning the application of the coating product. A non-exclusive example would be a category such as SD 5—Category which could be_Highly aggressive Industrial environment, most often in close proximity to a large body of water. High humidity, airborne electrolytes (Salts) and atmospheric fall-out promoting aggressive corrosion.
In the alternative or as additional classification systems those of established standards setting organizations can be used with permission such as ISO 12944 standard. This dynamic tool, couples Government gathered data on National Air Pollution Deposition (NAPD) for atmospheric conditions with a matrix of generic coating systems and related ASTM testing procedures as outlined in the ISO standard. The outcome of the application of the classification system would be allowing the user to generate a coating specification, to include desired life expectancy, based on a classification of environments.
The use of NAPD and other data can simplify, what has been a very difficult process, and allows service environments to be determined by a simple input of a parameter of location of use such as for example Zip Code—or potentially Country Codes for those areas outside the USA. In essence, the ability to operate a computer, allows a user to obtain a coating recommendation regardless of aptitude in coatings and paints areas. Also additional features can be included in the selection of a coating composition such as color and gloss retention of product and UV stability, considering such factors of exposure for the applied coating as angle and/or color and/or generic grouping of the type of sunlight and the possibility or rate of fading of the color of the applied coating. Considering the rate of fading, it may be more economical to apply a protective clear coat over an applied coating than to try and match a faded color of a coating after a number of years of exposure of the coating.
Accordingly, coating compositions such as premium products for outdoor environments can populate the coating composition database that also have inherent traits for UV stability, i.e. Acrylics, and Aliphatic Polyurethanes. The system of the invention can also provide a classification system includes predictions for color and gloss retention based upon other factors such as mean sunlight in a particular geography.
Through atmospheric data gathered from NADP and National Oceanographic & Aeronautics Administration Association (NOA), the system of the invention is also able to generate coating systems for other than metal substrates based on ideal coating system per mean climate deposition and related substrate. This involves pH of substrate, moisture retention, General mean temperature and precipitation in a geo-coded area (service environment).
Through a simple questionnaire, the user will be able to input data similar to the form mechanism utilized for metals, with the output being the ideal coating system for longevity based on desired life expectancy. Life expectancy will be determined based on specific product, with a formula written to match product against service environment. Laboratory and empirical data will be analyzed in a manner to predict longevity of service.
A nonexclusive example of one type of structure or substrate that can be considered for coating with the present invention is a tank lining. Tank lining Systems are complex both in terms of determining exposure, longevity, and determined risk (liability). However, there is a way of dynamically generating specifications based on available intelligence in the system of the present invention.
The system of the present invention can also have a feature to provide preformatted guideline specifications for inclusion by Architects and Engineering firms with other CSI (Construction Specifications Institute Inc.) Divisional Specifications. The second part of this is to isolate specific components of a market which require painting, i.e. High Heat Stacks for the Power Market, Clarifiers for the Waste Water Market, etc. . . . This involves a dynamic menu with a listing of commonly painted components for each market segment—then based on item and substrate, would allow the user with little coating knowledge to generate a coating system.
Quotation Tool for Applicators (Paint Contractors & Fabricators) can also be a feature of the system of the present invention.
The system can easily be modified to include fields for price, estimated square footage, VOC calculations and more. By inputting price, and based on specific product mix, the system can generate a price quotation. The output can be broken down by cost per square foot total, cost per mil square foot, and related expectancy (life-cycle-cost analysis)—this is to include both corrosion and UV stability of product. Already have this matrix worked out, would not be too difficult to produce this component of the system.
Other features and functionality can be included in the system and method of the present invention including Risk Assessment Component (Pictorial Site Survey—Extranet Program). Also the system and method can have a (Web Portal) for B2B commerce.
The same NAPD and other data which drives the system, allows the pictorial site survey to determine a related risk assessment factor—this involves rate of corrosion of carbon steel based on service environment. Coupled with current degree of corrosion, the system Pictorial Site Survey will be able to determine both desired maintenance cycles to First Major Maintenance (FMM). Further, if a current aggravated condition of the steel substrate shows a rapid rate of corrosion, the system will be able to assess risk to owner based on maintenance painting cycles. The intent of this as a selling tool is the show the owner if they do not paint "today", what it can cost tomorrow by delaying the necessary budget for painting to protect their facility.
This tool brings value to the user by allowing them to maximize the life-expectancy of their service item before degree of corrosion results in depletion to the point of costly full replacement. In addition, it allows the Owner to hold the money in the budget for painting with sound justification—the monies most often eliminated from a facilities budget is for maintenance painting. The intent of this tool is to keep monies in the paint budget and maximize account potential.
Another useful functionality for the system and method of the present invention is the inclusion of any standard productivity tool for obtaining and completing contacting jobs as are known to those skilled in the art.
In addition paint inventories by types of paints used in different locals can be predicted by the system of the present invention from the climatic data.
The climatic data can be historical average climate data alone or recent year-to-date measurements of climatic conditions or a combination of these. Additionally, short or long term forecast climate information can be incorporated into the system of the present invention. By supplementing historical average weather patterns with updated, actual weather conditions, the system can be sensitive to the current seasonal conditions, rather than just the average year conditions.
The method includes collecting data on environmental conditions for a plurality of locations. For example climatic data may be collected from a variety of sources, including weather services, such as the National Oceanic Administration Weather Service, or a comparable public or private weather service, or climate data reporting network. Historical climatic data is often provided by weather services on a monthly basis for a geographic region.
The present invention can supplement historical weather data with actual measured data for the year by apportioning climatic data according to the period of time in which it was collected. The actual measured data for the year can be collected through the same kinds of weather services, or collected on site by a consumer, or a service provider. Thus the present invention involves using local climatic data retrieved from a variety of sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOM, actual measured data for specific small locations, local weather reporting, state wide weather reporting, regional weather reports, and measured data and historical and predicted weather data spanning time periods of the order of one or two weeks to thirteen months. The weather data can be collected for large or small areas, and may be site specific.
In this method the data can be categorized according to the source and nature of the data, i.e. whether the data is real-time or current measure data, historical average data for that area, or forecasted data. The real-time or current measure data are data specific for the current season or year, as determined from weather reporting services or actual weather measurements, such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Other types of climate measurements include wind and soil moisture data.
The historical average data represents the "average" year weather for a given period of time, i.e. a specific week of the year, for a given geographical location. Historical average data may vary in how many years of weather measurements are included, as well as the size of the geographical area represented. In some cases, historical average data may be accumulated through local weather records, or through records collected at a specific site. Such data collected over time, may be averaged on a monthly, weekly, or daily basis to provide a historical average data set at the desired location.
The forecast data set is collected from weather forecasting services, which provided predicted weather conditions. These forecast data may be short-term or long-term predictions.
Modifications may be necessary to some of the available software to facilitate entry of historical, real-time and/or forecast data, but the modeling algorithms remain functional for the present invention. In such cases, the spreadsheets will be programmed to provide functions or algorithms that allow for analyzing the correlations between the climatic data and the coating composition properties. These functions and algorithms may provide various degrees of sophistication in generating estimation models. Spreadsheet and modeling programs used according to the present invention correlate climatological data to coating durability projections.
The system and method of the present invention would allow professional engineers, working in different US locations, to assess how to achieve the desired longevity of coatings. By providing this service, painters and engineers who have a formal requirement for corrosion assessment obtain recommendations for coating compositions suitable for their needs because they can provide justification of their assessments.
Sources for the data required for calculating the environmental classifications for use in coating substrates such as metals comprise deposition data, weather data and geographical data relating map location to zip code. A number of tools to assist with this process can share programming components where appropriate. The approach of keeping the tools separate allows for flexibility to enhance functionality.
Deposition Data:
Data for wet chloride and wet sulfate deposition for all locations for 2003 can be downloaded from http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/sites/ntnmap.asp. This data can be used to prove the new system against the benchmark list of classifications for 90 zip codes. A stand-alone application, such as GetDep, can read the formatted data, including latitude and longitude, and create a table of deposition values against zip code. GetDep can be reusable, for ease of updating a different years data such as that for 2004 data to be downloaded and used on the site without additional programming. GetDep can also be extensible to allow easy extension to pick up and format other deposition species and pH where needed.
Time of Wetness:
Hourly weather data for all US Weather stations can be purchased on DVD for entire calendar years. Alternatively the data can be downloaded from specific station information from the US Weather service website. A stand-alone application, GetTOW, will be designed and implemented, which reads the formatted data, including latitude and longitude of the sites. It will aggregate the data, calculating the Time of Wetness for each station (the number of hours per year that the relative humidity is >80% and the air temperature is >32 F (0 C)). GetTOW will output the data as a table of TOW against zip code. The application will be reusable, so that if ICI require the 2004 data to be used, no additional development work will be required. GetTOW will also be extensible, allowing the output table to be extended to include precipitation and temperature data if the requirement arises.
Zip Codes:
There are options for deriving five-digit zip codes from latitude and longitude values, and for identifying neighboring zones for zip codes that have no associated data point (to support interpolation of data). This can involve automating an interface to an existing website (e.g. USPO) or having a stand-alone tool GetZip, which can be called from other applications.
Classification Model:
A stand-alone application can generate the classification spreadsheet using the data for Deposition, Time of Wetness and Zip locality, which is output from the utilities described above. The model can be based on the known standards, but the implementation canl include hooks to allow additional parameters to be incorporated.
With the data sourced, and the tools created to manipulate it, the data are organized in an accessible form for the system and method of the present invention. For example spreadsheets or comma separated files can be used that provide a unified list that relates the environmental classification for each zip code to the performance characteristics and treatment recommendations for a variety of possible combinations of user conditions. The website allows for access to the classification information by querying the Classification Spreadsheet. Suitable equipment for running the data manipulation tools (GetDep, GetTOW and GetZip) can have a minimum specification of 1 GHz Pentium processor, 512 Mb Memory and running Windows XP or 2000 Professional. Suitable versions of the operating system and development software can be:
Windows NT Workstation
4.0 with Service Pack 6
Windows 2000 Professional
With Service Pack 4
Windows XP Professional
2002 with Service Pack 1
Visual Studio .NET
Also the dynamic specification writing program can have many projected functions/features:
Dynamic Specifications for Metals
Specifications by other than metal substrates, i.e. Concrete, Masonry, Wood, etc.
Specifications for Tank Lining Systems
Specifications by Market, i.e. CSI and Snapshot (mini) Specifications
Quotation Tool for Contractors (Paint Contractors & Fabricators), and
Risk Assessment Component (Pictorial Site Survey—Extranet Program)
The Dynamic Specification Generation Tool represents a major break through in the difficult process of choosing the appropriate high performance coating system for a particular environment. As a tool, it simplifies the system selection process and answers the question everyone has been asking for years—How long will my coating system last (service life).
As a foundation, the Tool can use climatic data from around 30,000+ weather stations across the country using a proprietary software. Building on this foundation the Tool then factors in various air pollutant species that contribute to acid rain and atmospheric pH. Factor in various atmospheric electrolytes and the Tool estimates the corrosion potential of the macro environment to generate a corrosion potential level, SD-1 through 4. This corrosion potential level is then neatly tied directly to US postal zip code locations.
It should be understood that in the context of the Tool, the term "durability" and "life expectancy" are defined as the expected life of a protective paint system to the first major maintenance painting. The level of coating failure before the first major maintenance painting can be assessed in accordance with recognized corrosion estimation standards such as ASTM D610 or ISO 4628-3.
The durability range generated by the Tool is not a "guarantee time". Durability is a technical consideration that can aid an owner in establishing a maintenance program. The guarantee time is usually shorter than the durability time. There are no rules that link the two periods of time. Maintenance of a coating system is often required at more frequent intervals than the durability time because of fading, chalking, contamination or wear and tear or for aesthetic or other reasons.
One particular embodiment of the present invention is coating composition specification software. An architect, builder or any other professional materials specifier, through the system of the present invention on a Website is enable to easily generate painting specifications for building projects for architecturally exposed metals. These painting specifications will help to guide the contractors, and make a high performance coating recommendation with little knowledge of protective coatings.
In presently preferred embodiments of the invention, the network 24 comprises the Internet. The Internet is a global network of computers. One popular part of the Internet is the World Wide Web, or the "Web." The World Wide Web contains computers that display graphical and textual information. Computers that provide information on the World Wide Web are typically called "web sites." A website is defined by an Internet address that has an associated electronic page, often called a "home page." Generally, a home page is an electronic document that organizes the presentation of text, graphical images, audio and video into a desired display. Upon reading this specification, those skilled in the art will now understand that, under appropriate circumstances, considering issues such as developments in computer hardware, software and connectivity, etc., other network configurations and devices also may suffice, such as for example, PDAs connected via a wireless network, etc.
Still referring to
The method of the present invention is depicted schematically in
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Owner name: THE GLIDDEN COMPANY, OHIO
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All spend, and no incremental income; that's what guestroom technology is looking like for many hotel companies, according to HT's "2012 Lodging Technology Study." Hotels are racing to the innovation table to figure out how to add the right type of functionality to the guest room, without the promise of more revenue. Revenues from in-room telephone use and pay-per-view television content have all but dried up, and charging for in-room HSIA is under fire (in fact, a dwindling 16% of mid-scale hotels still charge for HSIA).
Yet despite these challenges, in-room technology continues to account for the largest spending portion of a hotel's overall IT budget. HT's survey of hotel executives found that just over 20% of the overall tech budget goes into the guestroom, followed by property management tools at 18.4%.
Inside the guestroom, hotels are clamoring to increase bandwidth and provide high-def television content. Plus, more than 60% of the industry will be buying or upgrading their flat screen televisions within the next 12-24 months. Capital-hungry projects such as these can quickly consume large portions of tech funding; however, the return on investment falls into the 'soft' category.
One trend capturing attention for both the application and the novelty are tablet computers provided as an in-room amenity. Several boutique brands began supplying them to run a variety of service-oriented and concierge-like applications. Although interest is high, current implementation rates are hovering around 5% industry-wide. However, tablets are a rising trend that may unlock additional revenue (from hotel spa services or f&b delivery, for example). Nearly one-third (29%) of hotel executives in the HT study plan to offer tablet computers in guest rooms within the next three years.
A panel of hotel executives will tackle some of the biggest challenges hitting guest-room tech at this year's Hotel Technology Forum, taking place April 18-20, 2012 at Cosmopolitan Las Vegas. The panel will be moderated by Scot Campbell, CIO of Pinnacle Entertainment.


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Columns // 1 Articles
Reviews // 3 Articles
The Best Films of 2016
15 Dec 2016 // 10:00 PM
PopMatters presents a list of the best films that surfaced in 2016 and impressed us with their cinematic visions of where we've been.
The Best Films of 2014
29 Dec 2014 // 9:06 PM
Spanning a Truffaut-indebted magnum opus to a comeback vehicle for Michael Keaton, this collection of films is an eclectic representation of 2014's best.
The Cost of Success: When Lives Intersect With Fame
25 Mar 2012 // 6:00 PM
The Swell Season is one of the most intimate fly-on-the-wall peeks at the effects of stardom on two people at two very different points in their lives. It's arguably the most accomplished music documentary of its kind since D.A. Pennebaker's Don't Look Back.
The Art of Romance in 'They Came Together' and 'Begin Again'
10 Jul 2014 // 5:00 AM
With so many mainstream movie romances mired in clichés, it's up to the indie sector to offer more nuanced, more original versions of the movie romance.
6 Jan 2008 // 3:59 PM
A bittersweet but subtle musical, Once is well worth watching on DVD.