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Hyatt Centric Santa Barbara
1111 East Cabrillo Boulevard, Santa Barbara, CA
0.6 km from
฿ 6,565+
Location was great. The property is under renovation and we were put off site from the main hotel in a very dingy, musty smelling and not very clean room. The furniture was beat up, the toilet rocked, the curtains were pulled from the rod - the property is in pretty bad shape. Not what I expected from a Hyatt, from the overall rating by most travel sites (4 stars) or for the price but from the looks of other reviews, I guess some guests have had a better experience than we had. Very disappointed and I would not recommend.
Waterfront location, architecturally attractive older main building Steep parking cost, no free wifi in the (ancillary) building I was in
The location is great, close to everything. The staff was pleasant. The rooms really need to be extensively remodeled, at the very least. It feels like a 50 year old building. Relatively clean, but after this much use, it feels, looks, and smells old. Astonishingly bad value - we paid well over $500/night for a second floor ocean view room. If it had been half that, I would have said it was about right for the money.
The location and view of the ocean across the street is great. Way overpriced for the mediocre room/facilities. You're paying for the ocean view and Santa Barbara. The bathroom was small and dirty - the toilet wasn't functioning properly and the shower had clumps of hair in it. The elevator jolted upon the doors closing and had an expired permit in it. The AC unit was very loud and mounted near the head of the bed - it was so loud we had to turn it off to sleep, and it was a hot/humid evening. Over $350/night and I had a 'view' of the motel 6 outside of my window. Overall disappointed.
LOVED EVERYTHING!! That it only lasted two days ;)
Being across the street from the beach was wonderful. The staff were very helpful. Parking was very easy The only downside was that our room was next to the stair case and we could hear everyone walking up and down!
Not much to like there Old, run down and grossly overpriced. Garbage truck visits every morning - noise as if it is parking in your room. Oh yes, do not forget freeway noise - omnipresent. We were seduced by the brand name and made a mistake. Not all Hyatt properties are made equal. This one is a dump.
nothing specific, ordinary this was my first stay at this location, which I chose because of the Hyatt name. I asked for a "if possible" a room with a view of the ocean, the front office person responded by saying, " I see that you reserved a ordinary room" and she assigned me a room with a view looking over the parking lot. During my stay there, I did see many empty parking spaces in the lot, which requires an additional charge of $26.00 (twenty six dollars), and based on this observation, I think that the hotel was not full ? In any case, would I go back to this hotel, based on this experience, my response is NO ! Many other accommodations in the same area with better value. thanks,
Room small not updated
Bar staff was rude and uncooperative. Front desk, informed us that we were being upgraded. Our room was next to the physical fitness center, on the outside of the hotel security door. We were awoken throughout the night by people saying long good nights outside our door. Then first thing in the morning the cleaning staff had a meeting just outside our door. We waited over an hour to talk to a manager in order to report our concerns and by then it was time to check out. We waited a bit longer and were told that the manager would not be coming in to work. In the meantime, a long line of people had gathered to check out. We left without being able to share our concerns.
Staff was excellent, made our stay special. Beautiful views of the ocean from our room/private terrace. Comfortable beds and maid service was great. Must pay each day for parking ($28) in addition to hotel price. Street parking was hard to find at times at night. Unclear if water was filtered, must use tap as bottled water was not provided. Layout of buildings is a bit confusing.
Location is great...and that's all After paying over $400 a night being charged to park at $28 a night is ridiculous. The bathroom toilet leaked onto the floor the caulking in tub was peeling and had black mold. Read other reviews and avoid this place. Feds Parker would have been a much better choice as we've stayed there before.
Walking distance to the beach. I stayed on a Thursday night so it was very quite and empty and felt very private. Bed was very comfortable. Although the rooms have been renovated, the building it self needs updating. The railing at the main entrance is bent pretty badly and leans to one side (probably hit by a car in the parking). Parking has a tight turn around. The bathroom light is located outside the bathroom behind where the door swings so it makes it really hard to find in the middle of the night. The window AC unit can get a bit loud. I had a balcony that faced the park side instead of the ocean side and it was not a very good view. The rooms are nice but not much different from a Motel 5 and costs a lot more. There are no restaurants or bars within walking distance besides the main Hyatt.
The peaceful quite building, they have free ice by the rooms, coffe in the rooms, tv, everything you may need, and what ever you forgot to bring, they have there
Pet friendly You must check into the main hotel. No lobby at offsite location.
Recent renovations were nice. Our room (room 143) had some serious issues. Although a nice big room with recent renovations, the room is right next to/against the wall with both the front door and the elevator. The front door is a big metal gate, essentially, which slams and rattles every time someone comes or goes. This sounds is very loud in the room and actually shakes the wall, which is right where the headboard of the bed is located. Even worse is the elevator, however. The machinery or hydraulics for the elevator are in the wall and make a ridiculously loud noise everytime someone uses it. My wife and I got to the point where we couldn't help but laugh at how crazy this situation was. This room needs, at a minimum, sound proofing and probably more realistically needs to be changed to a non-room. Maybe a place to house the ice machine, which is just awkwardly in the hallway right next to the doorway of another room. I suspect many of these problems are unique to room 143 because of where it is located. But something really should be done to fix this.
Location is good. Best about the SB house is the park across the street if you bring dogs. Don't mind all the homeless and riff raff lingering around. View out my window was of a dirty old roof and satellites dishes everywhere. Close hang drying outside next door. For the price point the room was well under standard.
The hotel itself is very secluded with nice seems like newly renovated spacious rooms with nice bedding and bathroom. The hotel was fairly close to our destination (wineries in the funk district). The hotel is actually a satellite for Hyatt Santa Barbara and is very confusing to get to/check in. You have to check in at the actual Hyatt Santa Barbara a street down from the "Park Side Inn" hotel (which they actually renamed to Hyatt Santa Barbara). There's no one at the Park Side Inn to check you in or give you any information on how to check in so we went to the actual Hyatt and asked the valet boy if this is where we check in for Park Side Inn, he looked at us like we were crazy (I believe he said "uhm.. no I don't know what Park Side Inn is... this is the Hyatt). Anyways, long story short, make sure yo go to the Hyatt Santa Barbara to check in first, and then go to Park Side Inn.
Location Noisey manager. Actually counted the items we took at the continent breakfast. Very creepy!
The breakfast bar was great! Rooms are dated but ok. Don't let the photos fool you. Staff was EXTREMELY helpful and EXTREMELY nice! Had a great walk along the beach and was close to many things to do. we would stay again!
The manager, Frank, was pretty much the only highlight of the hotel. The hotel was EXTREMELY HOT. Yes, Santa Barbara was having very humid weather, but the hotel was much hotter than the temperature outside. Be warned, this hotel has NO AIR CONDITIONING. I can guess that the walls are not insulated either. I have stayed at so many hotels in my life, from very very basic motels to high end hotels, and never in my life have I been to a hotel with no air conditioning. It was miserable. Guests had to leave their doors open and every one just seemed so uncomfortable. Nothing about the room was inviting or cozy. The shower finish was all peeling off. The bathroom floors were an odd bamboo material and were actually damp when we arrived, which seemed very odd. To me it just seemed like an old motel that went through a crappy renovation so that it could charge hundreds of dollars per night. Arriving at the hotel did not feel like a vacation - no charm, no excitement. Unfortunately, I would never return.
Very enjoyable experience. Staff was very courteous, professional and helpful. Concierge was very knowledgeable of the area. I will return and recommend to friends and famil Sandy
Great location. Just steps from the beach. Great breakfast. Uncomfortable bed, furniture looked worn/heavily used. The toilet and toilet seat were OLD. Like they probably didn't change it out when they bought and remodeled the place. The floor in the bathroom was disgusting - a woven grass cloth/vinyl. I'm sure it holds all the germs. Old metal shower doors were just painted over. Tv only had about 10 working channels. In general for what I paid, I definitely expected more. The pics make it seem much nicer than it is.
Location. Staff friendly, they try to be helpful. Continental breakfast was generous, they need more tables and chairs for guest to sit, maybe more table for two. Towel/shower were separate from the sink. Generous assortment of toiletries. The décor was appealing but badly needs to be maintained. Nice glass desk. Glass side table was wobbly. Lots of hangers in closet. Nice big dresser could have used a mirror over it. The room was not clean. Rooms are tired looking. All decks and walkways look dirty, need to be hosed down. Our reservation was for a double Queen with a Kitchenette (4 ladies). We were were given a King Kitchenette. After being persistent they moved us to a double Queen Kitchenette. No air-conditioning and our window opened up to the parking lot. Uhg! The beds are ok, very springy, the linins appeared clean. Bath towels are nice size and thick. Upholstered chairs were comfy but not clean. Edges of carpet and base boards not cleaned in a long while. Glass on fireplace had hand prints and drips on it. Bath floor covers and sink area are a beach mat type of material and moldy. Bath sink is a huge rectangle with two facets, but the facets are to close together for two adults. The vanity should have spanned the entire wall with a the mirror spanning the wall as well for more light and use. Vanity needs electric out let at each end. The LED lights over the bed did not work properly, but a great idea. Door matts in front of each room were cute but falling apart. Kitchenette was ok, badly needs remolded the microwave was on top of the refrigerator. The full size refrigerator, stove top and oven are to big for the small kitchenette. More counter and pantry space less appliance! A full size coffee maker would be better. There were only 2 coffee mugs (for 4 people). Poor assortment of dishes and glass wear. Use Small dish sponges and or dish clothes, not sloppy drippy scrub pads. When the maid washed the drinking glasses she left them face down in the bottom of the sink! Ick! Minimum toilet and paper towels, no extra we ran out. Beach; chairs, towels and umbrellas broken and shabby. Consider ordering good ones business name or logo on them. Pool needed vacuumed. Pool lounges broken down, deck dirty. The over all décor would be lovely but is not standing up to commercial use.
The check in process was easy - the people are beyond friendly - the rooms are comfy (great bedding). We booked too late to get a good price- we paid twice what our friends did.
Our original plans were set for the Fess Parker hotel where my conference was scheduled. Due to poor customer service at the Fess Parker I searched yelp and found Inn at East Beach. Let me just start off by saying Fess Parker did me a favor and finding Inn at East Beach was the best thing ever. Frank and Linda own and reside there and you couldn't ask for nicer people. The hotel is spotless, the decor is warm and inviting. We stayed in their fireplace suite and loved it. Many people have commented about the "jello" bed, we did not feel that this was an issue. Other people commented about the thin walls and unfortunately that is true. When the occupants next to us start their shower, it reverberates through the wall that it wakes us up each time. Breakfast is included as is the wifi here. You are a block from the ocean and blocks from downtown. Lots of great restaurants and the wharf is nearby. Inn at East Beach is where I'll be staying from now on when I come to SB. Thank you Frank and Linda for your hospitality, we'll be back!


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The gloss-black plastic of the Nexus S makes it eye-catching even when it's turned off, while the high-brightness AMOLED screen makes it look even better when the display is live. It's lightweight and fits the hand well, even if it lacks a certain gravitas
Get used to the absence of buttons and you'll find the Nexus S easy to use – though note that not all Android phones have buttons in the same order. The power button might be better suited away from your fingers but otherwise the ergonomics are good
The first phone with Gingerbread has lots of new features like power management and Wi-Fi hotspot, even if none of the upgrades are revolutionary, apart from NFC, which is so new you may struggle to find a use for it for now
The 1GHz chip combines with the work that Android has done under the hood to make this a high-performance phone with a lot going for it
Above-average life for this kind of phone means the Nexus S will survive a full day of busy use, though it would be a brave soul who didn't charge daily
Review by Sunetra Chakravati,6/13/2011 9:59:52 AM
Look and feel
Ease of use
Battery life
Sleek hardware and the latest Android software, as well as some fun extras
No removable storage or HD video recording capability
A new Android phone direct from Google is an event. Its first own-brand handset, the Nexus One, was an accomplished phone which never took off because it was hard to buy: by and large you had to go direct to Google. This prevented it from becoming the mass-market phone it deserved to be, and allowed HTC to steal a march by releasing its superior Desire. The Desire looked similar to the Nexus One, not least because both were manufactured by HTC.
So now we present the latest Google Nexus device, the Nexus S. This time Google has turned to Samsung to make its handset, and the styling and name nod towards Samsung's flagship Galaxy S phone. Gone is the metallic sleeve of the Nexus One, replaced by the gloss plastic casing from the Galaxy S. It's a less discreet, flashier-looking phone than the first Nexus but still has a strong styling inherited from the earlier Samsung handset – many felt the Galaxy S was the handsomest Android phone yet. Unlike the flat, sharp-edged iPhone 4, the Nexus S has curved, contoured edges including a bump in its nether regions which looks curious but oddly means the phone sits comfortably in the hand. Because the case is plastic, not metal, it's particularly light compared with other high-end smartphones.It's a good size: not much larger than the iPhone 4 but with a noticeably bigger four-inch screen – compared to Apple's 3.5-incher – as the display makes up more of the front of the phone (though the smaller Retina Display on the iPhone is higher-resolution). Even so, the Nexus S is much more pocketable than the HTC Desire HD with its 4.3-inch display. The screen is an AMOLED display, so it's super-bright, vivid and colourful, showing off the live wallpapers at which Android excels. This latest version – it's 2.3 aka Gingerbread, and we'll come on to that presently – includes one more animated background, called Microbes. Whichever wallpaper you choose the display is certainly eye-catching and appealing.
The front of the phone is entirely devoid of buttons – the four Android icons for Back, Menus, Search and Home sit in the same order as on the Nexus One but are backlit so they wink in and out of sight: they are invisible when the phone is off. Although it's button-free, giving it a chic, minimalist effect, the front of the phone isn't quite flat. The screen is concave, supposedly to fit your face all the more comfortably when you're making calls. This doesn't make a radical difference to how it feels but it's neat enough. And maybe it'll help prevent scratches if you put the phone down face first. Buttons are pretty scarce elsewhere on the Nexus S, too. There's a volume rocker on the left edge and a power/wake button on the right. And that's it. Call me old-fashioned, but I've always preferred power to be on the top, rather than three quarters up the side where it's easy to brush with a finger. The top, it seems to me, is also the best place for the headphone socket. But here, that's on the bottom edge. Maybe the top of the phone was too thin to hold the 3.5mm jack. It shouldn't matter where it is, but there's something weird about finding it at the bottom. In one of the few ways the design of the new phone is less attractive than the earlier model, the headphone jack is a separate piece of plastic rather than part of the rest of the case, which just isn't as streamlined as the original Nexus.Press the power button and you're greeted by a familiar screen – unchanged in the latest software – where you can swipe right to unlock or left to switch the phone in and out of vibrate mode. Once unlocked, the main screen is similar to Froyo, the previous iteration of Android and the one that almost every other recent phone is currently running. The only difference is that the tray of shortcuts common to every page (Phone, Applications and Browser) and the signal strength and Wi-Fi indicators up top now have some discreet colour in them. Oh, and the notification bar is now black, which looks good and suits AMOLED's technology (where white uses more energy than black).The Power Control widget has also been restyled. This is the bar that lets you toggle Wi-Fi, GPS, synchronisation and Bluetooth on and off. It also enables you to change the screen brightness. It's the same size but has gently tweaked icons.
While Motorola, Samsung and – most successfully – HTC have improved on Android's basic spec with better icons, neater ways to navigate and so on, this phone is Android pure and simple, vanilla Gingerbread if you like. Which sounds quite tasty.And it does look good, though HTC needn't pack up and go home just yet. Want an analogue clock on your home screen? You have just one option where HTC has a dozen to choose from. Mind you, there are over 800 clocks available to download from the Android Market, many of them free, so Nexus S owners still have choices.But there's one little graphical extra that makes Gingerbread look cooler than cool. It's mere eye candy but, oh boy, it's the good stuff. It happens when you turn the display off, or when it times out. Instead of just turning the lights out, Gingerbread has a super-brief animation that snaps the screen into a white line across the centre which then disappears, like an early cathode ray telly turning off at closedown. Simple but spectacular, and enough fun to divert you for quite some time. The keyboard has been refreshed in the Gingerbread update, too. The keys are more widely spaced and the word prediction facility has been improved. Plus, if you touch a letter in the top row, which also shows numbers, you can swipe upwards to get directly to the number, which is handy. Copy and paste have also been improved, with simple-to-move cursors you can place at either end of the text you want to highlight. The system wasn't bad before and let's remember that the big phone software platform release of 2010, Windows Phone 7, is still waiting for any copying and pasting at all. Overall, though there are still elements in HTC's skin that make it hard to beat, this is the first clean version of Android to really impress.
The hardware makes the most of this new version of Android. The 1GHz Hummingbird chip is speedy enough, and since Google promises Gingerbread is an efficient and faster version of Android, it's no surprise that the Nexus S scoots along happily. There's also a new option in the home screen menu to take you to power management, in case some pesky app is draining power unnecessarily.Although it's a pretty impressive phone, there are a few curious anomalies like storage. There's plenty of integrated memory – 16GB – but no microSD memory card slot. So once you fill the phone up with music or video, there's nothing you can do to add stuff without clearing space first. Let's be clear, every iPhone has been without any expansion capabilities, but the memory card slot was one of Android's selling points over Apple's flagship phone. And I suspect that the phone owners who actually switch memory cards or even have a spare card are most likely a tiny percentage. But it's a feature that's available on earlier Android phones which isn't here. What next? Will Android move to sealed battery units like the iPhone or Nokia N8?The biggest problem with the absence of a memory slot is that there's only the 16GB version available – if there were a 32GB Nexus S as well, maybe nobody would be concerned.
The camera on this phone is a decent, though not exceptional, five-megapixel model with flash, which is somewhat unusual for Android. More strikingly, there's a front-facing VGA camera here, too. There are plenty of sophistications to taking photos, such as adjusting white balance, storing the GPS location, and choosing scene modes like Party and Candlelight as well as image resolution and special effects like sepia. Results are good, though there's a strange omission: although you can shoot video, there's no HD video option so it's standard-definition quality only. Actually, the video doesn't look bad, but it's peculiar that HD video is missing given that it is so ubiquitous on other phones.
Other advances include NFC, that's Near Field Communication – the sort of contactless technology used in Oyster cards on the London Underground, for instance. This would be cool if it meant you could use your phone to swipe in and out of the Tube, or your office, or make payments with it. But you can't – not yet at least. Google is making an innovative stand putting it in the phone, but so far it's of limited use.Other Gingerbread details include the next stage in internet tethering: you can use your Nexus S as a mobile Wi-Fi hotspot so up to six people can connect to the internet through your phone's 3G connection. And there's internet calling built-in, so it's easier to use the Skype app, for instance. Battery life is strong – noticeably better than on the Desire – though this is still a smartphone with a big screen, remember. Gingerbread is definitely a step forward, even if not a very big step. And the hardware is a neat but gentle improvement on the Samsung Galaxy S. If you don't need the extra screen real estate offered by the HTC Desire HD, it's hard to see an Android phone that matches this one.
The Nexus S is unequivocally the most advanced and attractive Android handset yet, regardless of curiosities like the absence of HD video and removable memory. And it runs on Android Gingerbread, which it shows off well. But other Android handsets are likely to be updated to this OS soon, so you may not want to buy a new phone just for this if it's coming to your current Android handset in a month or two. But the Nexus S is a sleek, exciting phone with a speedy processor and slick operation that could ultimately prove hard to resist.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Leonard Lopate Show
True Stories
5 segments
On today's show: David Sirota discusses his recent piece for Harper's about how the shrinking number of newspapers has affected the survivors. We'll take a look at some of the more unusual meetings in history, from the time Groucho Marx sat down with T.S. Eliot to the famous Nixon-Elvis summit! We'll discuss the craft of writing crime fiction. Plus, our latest Underreported segment is about the resurgence of sectarian tensions—and violence—in Northern Ireland. And on Backstory, an examination of why the NYPD's controversial "Demographics Unit" has not led to a single terrorism investigation.


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New Zealand Property Investors' Federation, (NZPIF) is the umbrella body for 20 local Property Investors' Associations throughout New Zealand.
Phone: (03) 357 9243
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
REINZ, the most up to date source of real estate data in New Zealand, announced today that there were 8,174 dwelling sales nationwide in September 2015, up 38.3% on September 2014 and up 5.3% on the previous month, August.
The Prime Minister and REINZ Chief Executive, Helen O'Sullivan were on 3 News talking sense on housing affordability. It is an excellent video to watch.
New Zealand's lifestyle property market isn't firing up to the same extent as the residential market, according to the latest REINZ rural statistics.
A complaint from a would-be buyer who said a real estate agent snapped up his dream home should never have been made public before it had been properly dealt with, the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand says.
The days of property purchasers enlisting the help of a knowledgeable relative to do a "building inspection" on a house they are thinking about buying are numbered.
House prices are likely to rise further all year but the strength will only last until mortgage rates start rising, according to Westpac chief economist Dominick Stephens.
House prices retreated from March's record high in April and sales volumes also took a dip, though both remain above year-earlier levels.
Auctions accounted for 50% or more of sales across 13 Auckland suburbs last month as going under the hammer becomes the preferred method of selling in many parts of the city.
Nationwide and Auckland house prices both high new record median highs last month at $370,000 and $495,200 respectively, according to the latest Real Estate Institute of New Zealand (REINZ) data.
The Christchurch rebuild is being hampered by a severe lack of rental accommodation, according to a Real Estate Institute (REINZ) survey.
Figures from the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand (REINZ) revealed there were 6,168 unconditional sales in February 2012, up 37% or 1,666 sales compared to the same month last year.
January 2012 saw a 25.2% rise in house sales making it the best January for sales volumes since 2008, according to the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand (REINZ).
Claims New Zealand has no affordable housing have been dismissed by real estate chiefs.
National house sales were up 20% in December 2011 on the year earlier, the best December sales figures since 2007.
REINZ rounds up the sales numbers, open home volumes, prices and days to sell data from across the country.
The national median house price rose by $9,000 in October and sales were up almost 30% on the year earlier, according to the latest Real Estate Institute of New Zealand (REINZ) report.
This September saw a 21.1% rise in sales on the year earlier, but just 43 extra sales than August 2011, "a modest result given the lift usually expected during spring."
Investor demand is strong in the Hutt Valley and Wellington but nationwide investors are "sitting on their hands."
Nationwide real estate agents have reported little evidence investors are looking to buy in the current market – though investors are buying in some locations.
BNZ economist Tony Alexander has rejected the argument that a capital gains tax would result in additional money being invested in productive assets.
One of NZ's property hot spots is one of its coldest, with one expert predicting big things for Invercargill next year.
Results: 21


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Second media proprietor challenges Jagdeo radio licence issue
Another media proprietor has moved to the courts to challenge former president Bharrat Jagdeo's decision in November 2011 to issue radio and television licences to twelve persons/companies.
Glenn Lall, owner of the National Media and Publishing Company Limited (publisher of the Kaieteur News) through his lawyers Roysdale Forde and Keshia Chase filed the lawsuit on Friday last stating that Jagdeo's decision was a breach of his constitutional rights and was made in bad faith.
The Guyana Media Proprietors Association Limited was also listed as an applicant.
The respondents named in the court action are the Attorney General, the Minister performing the functions of the minister with the responsibility for broadcasting, the National Frequency Management Unit (NFMU), Radio Guyana Inc, Telcor & Cultural Broadcasting Inc, NTN Radio, News Guyana Co Ltd, Rudolph Grant and Wireless Connection.
Broadcaster, Enrico Woolford took a similar step last Friday. He and Lall over the past few weeks have been holding picketing exercises at several locations including the Office of the President and State House to express their dissatisfaction with the situation.
Documents seen by this newspaper show that Lall in December 2008 wrote to Prime Minister Samuel Hinds requesting three licences. One was to own and operate a cable television network in Guyana, the second was to own and operate a public radio station and the third was for a licence to own and operate a television station.
The letter was copied to the National Frequency Management Unit (NFMU). Lall subsequently received an acknowledgement letter from NFMU. The letter was dated February 26, 2009.
Lall as part of his application submitted technical data forms with detailed transmission information for each of the locations that he planned to set up in Georgetown (Eccles Industrial Site and Saffon Street), New Amsterdam and Linden.
In the court documents seen by this newspaper, Lall is asking the court for a declaration that the grant or issuance of radio licences to Radio Guyana Inc, Telcor & Cultural Broadcasting Inc, NTN Radio, News Guyana Co Ltd, Rudolph Grant and Wireless Connection, Hits & Jams Entertainment, Alfro Alphonso & Sons Enterprise, Haslyn Graham and Little Rock Television Station by Jagdeo and the NFMU under the Post and Telegraph Act Cap 41:01 were affected by "improper considerations and or motivations done in bad faith, was unreasonable, discriminatory, unconstitutional and of no legal effect."
A similar declaration is being sought in relation to E-Networks Inc and Quark Communications Inc.
Several more declarations are also being requested in respect of how the licences were issued.
In addition the lawyers asked the court for a Writ of Certiorari directed to the Minister with responsibility for broadcasting to transmit and or bring the record of grant and or issuance of Radio Broadcast Licence and to show cause why Jagdeo's decision in his capacity as that minister should not be quashed.
The court was also asked to grant three more Writs of Certiorari, two of which were in relation to Valmikki Singh, the managing director of the NFMU.
According to the court documents, orders were being sought for Singh to produce a statement of all available radio, television and cable frequencies in Guyana and for same to be granted to Lall and member of the Guyana Media Proprietors Association Limited who have applied.
In the interim, the court is being asked to grant an order directed to the Minister with responsibility for broadcasting to transmit the record of grant of the licences and to show cause why Jagdeo's decision and that of Singh should not be quashed.
Also the court was asked for Conservatory Orders to stay the issuance of the licences.
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text: It started making a poping noise when I turn my car left only. It only did it a few times but now every time I only turn left It make a "pop" noise. It kind of sounds like a motor mount or bearing not for sure. What steps should I go thought to eliminate whats making the noise, o and by the way I'm going on a 500mile drive in 2 days. Think it can make it?


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The consumption of animal fats and proteins has been linked to heart disease, colon and lung cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, obesity, and a number of other debilitating conditions (cows' milk contains ideal amounts of fat and protein for young calves, but far too much for humans). Eggs are higher in cholesterol than any other food, making them a leading contributor to cardiovascular disease. The American Dietetic Association reports that vegetarian/vegan diets are associated with reduced risks for all of these conditions.
Vegan foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans, are low in fat, contain no cholesterol, and are rich in fiber and nutrients. Vegans can get all the protein they need from legumes (e.g., beans, tofu, peanuts) and grains (e.g., rice, corn, whole wheat breads and pastas); calcium from broccoli, kale, collard greens, tofu, fortified juices and soy milks; iron from chickpeas, spinach, pinto beans, and soy products; and B12 from fortified foods or supplements.
With planning, a vegan diet can provide all the nutrients we need without any animal products.
For more on the health benefits of vegan diets, visit:
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
For more on vegan nutrition:


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I guess this will be reason #101,276 why I love my WRX...I'm out with this girl I'm seeing the other night, and she happens to live in a backroad development, I mean in the middle of nowhere, with twisties out the wazoo. She's really big into cars, and while I'm cruising nonchalantly through the roads, she tells me, "Let's see what this thing's got!" Gladly! I dropped it to 2nd and let the turbo howling begin!! We come up to the twisties, and the Rex just hugs the turns BEAUTIFULLY (The Evo must be a god of a car through the twisties, cos I was having a load of fun with my car). We're not going at an insane speed here, maybe topping out at 70...having fun ain't worth totalling my car. Anyways, she's having a ball, and she tells me to make a right at a stoplight and keep going for 1/4 mile....whaddaya know...a GRAVEL road! WHOOOO HOOOO...it apparently is a shortcut to her house, even though we passed her house about a mile back lol She says, and I quote, "Let's see how this thing goes through the gravel...my friend's bf tore through this in his RSX Type S!" WTF?!?!?! Alright, I figured time to show this woman the beauty of AWD...
What amazes me is the surefootedness of my Rex under harsh driving circumstances...I freakin slip launched the thing on gravel at about 4000 rpm...I felt a little loss of control, but the car gripped and off we went, bat out of hell style. There were a few harmless, but tight turns. What amazed me the most is how controlled I got those AWD drifts through the gravel...if it understeers a little, just let up off the gas and she regains composure...if you time a turn correctly enough, she controllably slides right into it. Needless to say, my lady friend was thoroughly impressed.
I'm an AWD *****. I readily admit this now.


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Carr Earns Record Number of Votes in Fan Poll
Nov. 28, 2012
LAS VEGAS - The MAACO Bowl Las Vegas announced Derek Carr as this week's Mountain West Player of the Week on Wednesday. Carr received a record 3,095 votes, which was over 2,000 more votes than the previous high for any one player since polling began in 2011.
Carr completed 28-of-32 pass attempts for 454 yards and four touchdowns in leading the Bulldogs to a 48-15 rout of Air Force and Fresno State's first conference championship since 1999 on Saturday.
The Bakersfield, Calif., native completed his first nine passes for 215 yards and two touchdowns in the first 21 minutes of the game. Overall, Carr completed eight passes of over 20 yards and averaged 16.1 yards per completion while extending his streak of consecutive pass attempts without an interception to 126.
Carr's .875 completion percentage set a new school record while ranking as the best single-game performance by a junior in MW history (third overall).
This is third MAACO Bowl Las Vegas award of the season for Carr, as he was voted the winner in week five and six. The junior quarterback's award comes in the 13th and final week of voting. It is the fifth time in the 13 week period that a player from Fresno State has won the award, which leads all MW schools.
Robbie Rouse collected the award following his performance at Nevada and Rashad Evans took the honor after defeating Wyoming in week eight. The two both held the record number of votes in the week of their awards.
"Discover Fresno State Football" - The flagship radio station of Fresno State Football is KMJ 580 AM and the Spanish Flagship is KGST-AM "ESPN Deportes".


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Echo state network
|Herbert Jaeger (2007), Scholarpedia, 2(9):2330.
|revision #151757 [link to/cite this article]
Echo state networks (ESN) provide an architecture and supervised learning principle for recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The main idea is (i) to drive a random, large, fixed recurrent neural network with the input signal, thereby inducing in each neuron within this "reservoir" network a nonlinear response signal, and (ii) combine a desired output signal by a trainable linear combination of all of these response signals.
The basic idea of ESNs is shared with Liquid State Machines (LSM), which were developed independently from and simultaneously with ESNs by Wolfgang Maass (Maass W., Natschlaeger T., Markram H. 2002). Increasingly often, LSMs, ESNs and the more recently explored Backpropagation Decorrelation learning rule for RNNs (Schiller and Steil 2005) are subsumed under the name of Reservoir Computing. Schiller and Steil (2005) also showed that in traditional training methods for RNNs, where all weights (not only the output weights) are adapted, the dominant changes are in the output weights. In cognitive neuroscience, a related mechanism has been investigated by Peter F. Dominey in the context of modelling sequence processing in mammalian brains, especially speech recognition in humans (e.g., Dominey 1995, Dominey, Hoen and Inui 2006). Dominey was the first to explicitly state the principle of reading out target information from a randomly connected RNN. The basic idea also informed a model of temporal input discrimination in biological neural networks (Buonomano and Merzenich 1995).
For an illustration, consider the task of training an RNN to behave as a tunable frequency generator (download the MATLAB code of this example). The input signal \(u(n)\) is a slowly varying frequency setting, the desired output \(y(n)\) is a sinewave of a frequency indicated by the current input. Assume that a training input-output sequence \(D = (u(1),y(1)), \ldots, (u(n_{max}),y(n_{max}))\) is given (see the input and output signals in ; here the input is a slow random step function indicating frequencies ranging from 1/16 to 1/4 Hz). The task is to train a RNN from these training data such that on slow test input signals, the output is again a sinewave of the input-determined frequency.
In the ESN approach, this task is solved by the following steps.
- Step 1: Provide a random RNN. (i) Create a random dynamical reservoir RNN, using any neuron model (in the frequency generator demo example, non-spiking leaky integrator neurons were used). The reservoir size \(N\) is task-dependent. In the frequency generator demo task, \(N = 200\) was used. (ii) Attach input units to the reservoir by creating random all-to-all connections. (iii) Create output units. If the task requires output feedback (the frequency-generator task does), install randomly generated output-to-reservoir connections (all-to-all). If the task does not require output feedback, do not create any connections to/from the output units in this step.
- Step 2: Harvest reservoir states. Drive the dynamical reservoir with the training data \(D\) for times \(n = 1, \ldots, n_{max}\ .\) In the demo example, where there are output-to-reservoir feedback connections, this means to write both the input \(u(n)\) into the input unit and the teacher output \(y(n)\) into the output unit ("teacher forcing"). In tasks without output feedback, the reservoir is driven by the input \(u(n)\) only. This results in a sequence \(\mathbf{x}(n)\) of \(N\)-dimensional reservoir states. Each component signal \(x(n)\) is a nonlinear transform of the driving input. In the demo, each \(x(n)\) is an individual mixture of both the slow step input signal and the fast output sinewave (see the five exemplary neuron state plots in Figure 1).
- Step 3: Compute output weights. Compute the output weights as the linear regression weights of the teacher outputs \(y(n)\) on the reservoir states \(\mathbf{x}(n)\ .\) Use these weights to create reservoir-to-output connections (dotted arrows in Figure 1). The training is now completed and the ESN ready for use. Figure 2 shows the output signal obtained when the trained ESN was driven with the slow step input shown in the same figure.
Echo state networks can be set up with or without direct trainable input-to-output connections, with or without output-to-reservoir feedback, with different neuron types, different reservoir-internal connectivity patterns, etc. Furthermore, the output weights can be computed with any of the available offline or online algorithms for linear regression. Besides least-mean-square error solutions (i.e., linear regression weights), margin-maximization criteria known from training support vector machines have been used to determine output weights (Schmidhuber et al. 2007)
The unifying theme throughout all these variations is to use a fixed RNN as a random nonlinear excitable medium, whose high-dimensional dynamical "echo" response to a driving input (and/or output feedback) is used as a non-orthogonal signal basis to reconstruct the desired output by a linear combination, minimizing some error criteria.
Formalism and theory
System equations. The basic discrete-time, sigmoid-unit echo state network with \(N\) reservoir units, \(K\) inputs and \(L\) outputs is governed by the state update equation
(1) \(\mathbf{x}(n+1) = f(\mathbf{W} \mathbf{x}(n) + \mathbf{W}^{in} \mathbf{u}(n+1) + \mathbf{W}^{fb} \mathbf{y}(n))\ ,\)
where \(\mathbf{x}(n)\) is the \(N\)-dimensional reservoir state, \(f\) is a sigmoid function (usually the logistic sigmoid or the tanh function), \(\mathbf{W}\) is the \(N \times N\) reservoir weight matrix, \(\mathbf{W}^{in}\) is the \(N \times K\) input weight matrix, \(\mathbf{u}(n)\) is the \(K\)dimensional input signal, \(\mathbf{W}^{fb}\) is the \(N \times L\) output feedback matrix, and \(\mathbf{y}(n)\) is the \(L\)-dimensional output signal. In tasks where no output feedback is required, \(\mathbf{W}^{fb}\) is nulled. The extended system state \(\mathbf{z}(n) = [\mathbf{x}(n); \mathbf{u}(n)]\) at time \(n\) is the concatenation of the reservoir and input states. The output is obtained from the extended system state by
(2) \(\mathbf{y}(n) = g(\mathbf{W}^{out} \mathbf{z}(n))\ ,\)
where \(g\) is an output activation function (typically the identity or a sigmoid) and \(\mathbf{W}^{out}\) is a \(L \times (K+N)\)-dimensional matrix of output weights.
Learning equations. In the state harvesting stage of the training, the ESN is driven by an input sequence \(\mathbf{u}(1), \ldots, \mathbf{u}(n_{max})\ ,\) which yields a sequence \(\mathbf{z}(1), \ldots, \mathbf{z}(n_{max})\) of extended system states. The system equations (1), (2) are used here. If the model includes output feedback (i.e., nonzero \(\mathbf{W}^{fb}\)), then during the generation of the system states, the correct outputs \(\mathbf{d}(n)\) (part of the training data) are written into the output units ("teacher forcing"). The obtained extended system states are filed row-wise into a state collection matrix \(\mathbf{S}\) of size \(n_{max} \times (N + K)\ .\) Usually some initial portion of the states thus collected are discarded to accommodate for a washout of the arbitrary (random or zero) initial reservoir state needed at time 1. Likewise, the desired outputs \(\mathbf{d}(n)\) are sorted row-wise into a teacher output collection matrix \(\mathbf{D}\) of size \(n_{max} \times L\ .\)
The desired output weights \(\mathbf{W}^{out}\) are the linear regression weights of the desired outputs \(\mathbf{d}(n)\) on the harvested extended states \(\mathbf{z}(n)\ .\) Let \(\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{S}'\mathbf{S}\) be the correlation matrix of the extended reservoir states (the prime denotes transpose), and let \(\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{S}'\mathbf{D}\) be the cross-correlation matrix of the states vs. the desired outputs. Then, one way to compute \(\mathbf{W}^{out}\) is to invoke the Wiener-Hopf solution
(3) \(\mathbf{W}^{out} = (\mathbf{R}^{-1}\mathbf{P})'\ .\)
Another way is to use the pseudoinverse (denoted by \(\cdot^{\dagger}\)) of \(\mathbf{S}\ :\)
(4) \(\mathbf{W}^{out} = (\mathbf{S}^{\dagger}\mathbf{D})'\ .\)
Both methods are, in principle, equivalent, but when \(\mathbf{R}\) is ill-conditioned, (4) is numerically stable, while (3) is not. However, (3) is faster to compute than (4) (much faster if \(n_{max}\) is large), so one should choose between the two versions on a case by case basis. (3) and (4) are offline algorithms. Online adaptive methods known from linear signal processing can also be used to compute output weights (Jaeger 2003).
Echo state property. In order for the ESN principle to work, the reservoir must have the echo state property (ESP), which relates asymptotic properties of the excited reservoir dynamics to the driving signal. Intuitively, the ESP states that the reservoir will asymptotically wash out any information from initial conditions. The ESP is guaranteed for additive-sigmoid neuron reservoirs, if the reservoir weight matrix (and the leaking rates) satisfy certain algebraic conditions in terms of singular values. For such reservoirs with a tanh sigmoid, the ESP is violated for zero input if the spectral radius of the reservoir weight matrix is larger than unity. Conversely, it is empirically observed that the ESP is granted for any input if this spectral radius is smaller than unity. This has led in the literature to a far-spread but erroneous identification of the ESP with a spectral radius below 1. Specifically, the larger the input amplitude, the further above unity the spectral radius may be while still obtaining the ESP. An abstract characterization of the ESP for arbitrary reservoir types, and algebraic conditions for additive-sigmoid neuron reservoirs are given in Jaeger (2001a); for an important subclass of reservoirs, tighter algebraic conditions are given in Buehner and Young (2006) and Yildiz et al. (2012); for leaky integrator neurons, algebraic conditions are spelled out in Jaeger et al. (2007). The relationship between input signal characteristics and the ESP are explored in Manjunath and Jaeger (2012), where a fundamental 0-1-law is shown: if the input comes from a stationary source, the ESP holds with probability 1 or 0.
Memory capacity. Due to the auto-feedback nature of RNNs, the reservoir states \(\mathbf{x}(n)\) reflect traces of the past input history. This can be seen as a dynamical short-term memory. For a single-input ESN, this short-term memory's capacity \(C\) can be quantified by \(C = \sum_{i = 1, 2, \ldots} r^2(u(n-i), y_i(n))\ ,\) where \(r^2(u(n-i), y_i(n))\) is the squared correlation coefficient between the input signal delayed by \(i\) and a trained output signal \(y_i(n)\) which was trained on the task to retrodict (memorize) \(u(n-i)\) on the input signal \(u(n)\ .\) It turns out that for i.i.d. input, the memory capacity \(C\) of an echo state network of size \(N\) is bounded by \(N\ ;\) in the absence of numerical errors and with a linear reservoir the bound is attained (Jaeger 2002a; White and Sompolinsky 2004; Hermans & Schrauwen 2009). These findings imply that it is impossible to train ESNs on tasks which require unbounded-time memory, like for instance context-free grammar parsing tasks (Schmidhuber et al. 2007). However, if output units with feedback to the reservoir are trained as attractor memory units, unbounded memory spans can be realized with ESNs, too (cf. the multistable switch example in Jaeger 2002a; beginnings of a theory of feedback-induced memory-hold attractors in Maass, Joshi & Sontag 2007; an ESN based model of working memory with stable attractor states in Pascanu & Jaeger 2010).
Universal computation and approximation properties. ESNs can realize every nonlinear filter with bounded memory arbitrarily well. This line of theoretical research has been started and advanced in the field of Liquid State Machines (Maass, Natschlaeger & Markram 2002; Maass, Joshi & Sontag 2007), and the reader is referred to the LSM article for detail.
Practical issues: tuning global controls and regularization
When using ESNs in practical nonlinear modeling tasks, the ultimate objective is to minimize the test error. A standard method in machine learning to get an estimate of the test error is to use only a part of the available training data for model estimation, and monitor the model's performance on the withheld portion of the original training data (the validation set). The question is, how can the ESN models be optimized in order to reduce the error on the validation set? In the terminology of machine learning, this boils down to the question how one can equip the ESN models with a task-appropriate bias. With ESNs, there are three sorts of bias (in a wide sense) which one should adjust.
The first sort of bias is to employ regularization. This essentially means that the models are smoothed. Two standard ways to achieve some kind of smoothing are the following:
- Ridge regression (also known as Tikhonov regularization): modify the linear regression equation (3) for the output weights:
- (5) \(\mathbf{W}^{out} = (\mathbf{R} + \alpha^2 \mathbf{I})^{-1}\mathbf{P}\ ,\)
- where \(\alpha^2\) is some nonnegative number (the larger, the stronger the smoothing effect), and \(\mathbf{I}\) is the identity matrix.
- State noise: During the state harvesting, instead of (1) use a state update which adds a noise vector \(\mathbf{\nu}(n)\) to the reservoir states:
- (6) \(\mathbf{x}(n+1) = f(\mathbf{W} \mathbf{x}(n) + \mathbf{W}^{in} \mathbf{u}(n+1) + \mathbf{W}^{fb} \mathbf{y}(n)) + \mathbf{\nu}(n)\ .\)
Both methods lead to smaller output weights. Adding state noise is computationally more expensive, but appears to have the additional benefit of stabilizing solutions in models with output feedback (Jaeger 2002a; Jaeger, Lukosevicius, Popovici & Siewert 2007).
The second sort of bias is effected by making the echo state network, as one could say, "dynamically similar" to the system that one wants to model. For instance, if the original system is evolving on a slow timescale, the ESN should do the same; or if the original system has long memory spans, so should the ESN. This shaping of major dynamical characteristics is realized by adjusting a small number of global control parameters:
- The spectral radius of the reservoir weight matrix codetermines (i) the effective time constant of the echo state network (larger spectral radius implies slower decay of impulse response) and (ii) the amount of nonlinear interaction of input components through time (larger spectral radius implies longer-range interactions).
- The input scaling codetermines the degree of nonlinearity of the reservoir dynamics. In one extreme, with very small effective input amplitudes the reservoir behaves almost like a linear medium, while in the other extreme, very large input amplitudes drive the neurons to the saturation of the sigmoid and a binary switching dynamics results.
- The output feedback scaling determines the extent to which the trained ESN has an autonomous pattern generation component. ESNs without any output feedback are the typical choice for purely input-driven dynamical pattern recognition and classification tasks. The frequency generator demo task, on the other hand, needed strong output feedback to generate oscillations (which are not present in the input). Nonzero output feedback entails the danger of dynamical instability.
- The connectivity of the reservoir weight matrix is often claimed (starting with the early techreports of Jaeger) to be responsible for the "richness" of the response signals in the reservoir, following this line of reasoning: sparse connectivity \(\to\) decomposition of reservoir dynamics into loosely coupled subsystems \(\to\) large variation among the reservoir signals (desirable). However, contrary to this intuition, many authors have reported that fully connected reservoirs work as well as sparsely connected ones. Considering that sparsely but randomly connected networks have small-world properties, it appears plausible that a sparse random wiring does not lead to a dynamical decoupling, so the original intuitions are misguided. A more practically important aspect of a sparse connectivity is that it engenders linear scaling of computational complexity. If reservoirs are set up such that each neuron on average connects to a fixed number \(K\) of other neurons, regardless of network size \(N\ ,\) the computational cost of running the trained networks grows only linearly with \(N\ .\)
Finally, a third sort of bias (here the terminology is stretched a bit) is simply the reservoir size \(N\ .\) In the sense of statistical learning theory, increasing the reservoir size is the most direct way of increasing the model capacity.
All these kinds of bias have to be optimized jointly. The current standard practice to do this is manual experimentation. Practical "tricks of the trade" are collected in Lukoševičius (2012).
A number of algorithms for the supervised training of RNNs have been known since the early 1990s, most notably real-time recurrent learning (Williams and Zipser 1989), backpropagation through time (Werbos 1990), extended Kalman filtering based methods (Puskorius and Feldkamp 2004), and the Atiya-Parlos algorithm (Atiya and Parlos 2000). All of these algorithms adapt all connections (input, recurrent, output) by some version of gradient descent. This renders these algorithms slow, and what is maybe even more cumbersome, makes the learning process prone to become disrupted by bifurcations (Doya 1992); convergence cannot be guaranteed. As a consequence, RNNs were rarely fielded in practical engineering applications. ESN training, by contrast, is fast, does not suffer from bifurcations, and is easy to implement. On a number of benchmark tasks, ESNs have starkly outperformed all other methods of nonlinear dynamical modelling (Jaeger and Haas 2004, Jaeger et al. 2007). Reservoir computing techniques thus promise to re-invigorate RNN research and applications (Jaeger, Maass and Principe 2007).
Research topics
Besides work on practical applications and biologically oriented modelling studies in the LSM branch of reservoir computing, there are three research themes which are relevant to enlarge the spectrum of engineering applications.
Optimization of reservoirs
It has been pointed out above in the discussion of global control parameters that a dynamical reservoir should be adapted to the task, and that this is currently mostly done by manual search. Optimizing reservoirs for a particular task or a class of tasks in an automated fashion is currently the most important field of engineering-oriented echo state network research. Numerous methods for an unsupervised, semi-supervised or supervised optimization of reservoirs, by structural or algebraic design, genetic search, online adaptation or pre-training are being investigated. A comprehensive survey is given in Lukoševičius and Jaeger (2009).
Stability of pattern-generating ESNs
An ESN without output feedback is inherently stable due to the echo state property, but with nonzero feedback of output signals into the reservoir, stability can be lost. A formal analysis of stability conditions is challenging; fundamental insights about conditions that preclude noise magnification are made in Maass, Joshi and Sontag (2007). For practical purposes, inserting state or teacher noise during training appears to aid stabilizing solutions, as does statistical regularization (Jaeger et al. 2007). Research on this topic has just begun.
Hierarchical / modular ESNs
In mature fields of machine learning, tasks which involve complex multiscale datasets invariably have led to modular / hierarchical models, where different modules / levels take care of different modes / scales in the data. A first stride in this direction has been taken for ESNs by the construction of hierarchical ESNs in Jaeger (2007).
Online resources
A number of reservoir computing groups (among them the groups of Wolfgang Maass, Herbert Jaeger, Jochen Steil, Peter F. Dominey and Benjamin Schrauwen, i.e. the original proposers of the reservoir computing approach) have created a jointly administered Web portal for reservoir computing. It assembles introductions to the main flavors of the field, listings of groups active in the field, a publications repository, numerous publicly available programming toolboxes, and a mailing list. The portal is funded by the European FP7 project "Organic" and the University of Gent.
The Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems claims international patents for commercial exploits of the ESN architecture and learning principle.
- Atiya A.F. and Parlos A.G. (2000) New results on recurrent network training: Unifying the algorithms and accelerating convergence. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 11(3):697-709
- Buehner M. and Young P. (2006) A tighter bound for the echo state property. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 17(3):820-824
- Buonomano, D.V. and Merzenich, M.M. (1995) Temporal Information Transformed into a Spatial Code by a Neural Network with Realistic Properties. Science 267, 1028-1030
- Dominey P.F. (1995) Complex sensory-motor sequence learning based on recurrent state representation and reinforcement learning. Biol. Cybernetics, Vol. 73, 265-274
- Dominey P.F., Hoen M., and Inui T. (2006) A neurolinguistic model of grammatical construction processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18(12), 2088–2107
- Doya K. (1992) Bifurcations in the learning of recurrent neural networks. In Proceedings of 1992 IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 6, pages 2777-2780
- Manjunath, G. and Jaeger, H. (2012) Echo State Property Linked to an Input: Exploring a Fundamental Characteristic of Recurrent Neural Networks. Neural Computation, to appear
- Hermans M. and Schrauwen B. (2009) Memory in linear neural networks in continuous time. Neural Networks 23(3), 341-55
- Jaeger H. (2001a) The "echo state" approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks. GMD Report 148, GMD - German National Research Institute for Computer Science
- Jaeger H. (2002a) Short term memory in echo state networks. GMD-Report 152, GMD - German National Research Institute for Computer Science
- Jaeger H. (2002b) Tutorial on training recurrent neural networks, covering BPPT, RTRL, EKF and the echo state network approach. GMD Report 159, Fraunhofer Institute AIS
- Jaeger H. (2003): Adaptive nonlinear system identification with echo state networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15, S. Becker, S. Thrun, K. Obermayer (Eds), (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2003) pp. 593-600
- Jaeger H. (2007) Discovering multiscale dynamical features with hierarchical echo state networks. Technical report 10, School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University
- Jaeger H. and Haas H. (2004) Harnessing nonlinearity: Predicting chaotic systems and saving energy in wireless communication. Science, 304:78-80, 2004.
- Jaeger H., Lukoševičius M., Popovici D., and Siewert U. (2007) Optimization and applications of echo state networks with leaky integrator neurons. Neural Networks, 20(3):335-352
- Jaeger H., Maass W., and Principe J. (2007) Special issue on echo state networks and liquid state machines: Editorial. Neural Networks, 20(3), 287-289
- Lukoševičius M. (2012) A Practical Guide to Applying Echo State Networks. In: G. Montavon, G. B. Orr, and K.-R. Müller (eds.) Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade, 2nd ed. Springer LNCS 7700, 659-686
- Lukoševičius M. and Jaeger H. (2009) Reservoir Computing Approaches to Recurrent Neural Network Training (draft version). Computer Science Review 3(3), 127-149
- Maass W., Joshi P., and Sontag E. (2007) Computational aspects of feedback in neural circuits. PLOS Computational Biology, 3(1):1-20
- Maass W., Natschlaeger T., and Markram H. (2002) Real-time computing without stable states: A new framework for neural computation based on perturbations. Neural Computation, 14(11):2531-2560.
- Pascanu R. and Jaeger H. (2010) A Neurodynamical Model for Working Memory. Neural Networks 24(2), 199-207
- Puskorius G.V. and Feldkamp L.A. (1994) Neurocontrol of nonlinear dynamical systems with Kalman filter trained recurrent network. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 5(2):279-297
- Schiller U.D. and Steil J. J. (2005) Analyzing the weight dynamics of recurrent learning algorithms. Neurocomputing, 63C:5-23
- Schmidhuber J., Gomez F., Wierstra D., and Gagliolo M. (2007) Training recurrent networks by evolino. Neural Computation, 19(3):757-779
- Werbos P.J. (1990) Backpropagation through time: what it does and how to do it. Proc. of the IEEE, October, 78(10, October):1550-1560
- White O.L., Lee D.D., and Sompolinsky H.S. (2004) Short-term memory in orthogonal neural networks. Phys. Rev. Lett., 92(14):148102
- Williams R.J. and Zipser D. (1989) A learning algorithm for continually running fully recurrent neural networks. Neural Computation, 1:270-280
- Yildiz, I. B., Jaeger, H. and Kiebel, S. J. (2012) Re-visiting the echo state property. Neural Networks 35, 1-20
Internal references
- John W. Milnor (2006) Attractor. Scholarpedia, 1(11):1815.
- Valentino Braitenberg (2007) Brain. Scholarpedia, 2(11):2918.
- James Meiss (2007) Dynamical systems. Scholarpedia, 2(2):1629.
- Philip Holmes and Eric T. Shea-Brown (2006) Stability. Scholarpedia, 1(10):1838.
See Also
Liquid State Machine, Recurrent Neural Networks, Supervised Learning


text:
The knowledge itself is not illegal.
But in your example it is illegal to accquire the key in that manner. The owner of the key is not giving it to you with his knowledge and agreement. It would be like telling someone: "Hey, this is your front door, unlock it with your key" and he would put his key into the lock and you would theoretically be able to copy the key when the user put it into your faked front door's lock.
If you'd try that out with your key and you being fully aware that your key is being copied and consent to it, it is not illegal. But to just create a copy without someone knowing it is most likely illegal. Same with cracking/bruteforcing the key. Even if you don't use it, just attemping to is illegal. In which way you accquire the key without the consent of the user, you commit something illegal.


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Well it started out wen Masters parents went out side to take a walk. And I saw Master with them. I love Master and so I called to her. And she finally came to my side! Then she ran back to the house and came back with a black leash. Then she atatched the black leash on to my coller and untached my tie out leash! We were going for a walk! How FUN! I just love going for walks! Dont you!? We walked over to where Masters whole family was. They were on a bench that Master calls MILEY'S BENCH ! Thats were me and Master go to do stuff like when she needs to groom me , trianing time , clipping my nails , just to hang out in a nice shady place on a hot day , and stuff like that. Me and Master sat on the ground and I just lay there listening to the sounds of there voises and deep down inside I wished with all my might I could run around free like that little Rodent Benji ! And if I was free at that moment I would probably burst with excitment and joy at being with the whole family I would jump and lick and! And ...............well you get the piont! But I was not off the leash in fact I was very well atatched to it ! :( I sat like a good good girl and did not pull on the leash untill I could not stand it when The Rodent Benji came to see me and that was not very much pulling! Well I did have fun in my own way. So later on Masters family moved on to the back yard and that ,dear diary is where the real story begins! Master took me to the trampolien and we played on that for a while !Then we got off. As this was happening Masters dad was starting the grill! I could smell the smoke from the fire in the grill. Then to my surprise Master let me free! :) My wish had come true! YAY!!:) I was so happy!Me and Benji played like the good dogies we can be in the back yard!We played and played! And every time me or Benji tried to go some where Master did not like she said Back! And she kept us in the back yard! We played with the air ball teniss ball a friend gave us and that was a blast! What fun! Master and Benjis Master made us some water to drink when we got thirsty! And then we would play with a small yellow stuffed fish that a friend gave us! ( The same friend that gave us the squeaky teniss ball)! And then Masters got out frisbys ! And I did not like them like I liked the Teniss ball and the little toy fish! But I think the frisby is intresting! They have two frisbys and Masters dad tried to see how far he could throw them! And as all this was happening a very very VERY VERY good smell came from the grill! It was fish! Well to make the long story short the fish got dropped on its way to the kitchen so they gave it to the amimals! YUMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:) :) :) :)It was the best time I have ever had in my life! And the fish was so good!Have you had a fun time like that well tell me about it! Love Miley!
As we alway's do me and master went walking on the left hand or if your in my case its right paw side of the road!You see I have a new thing I wont to play with the car's that pass us as we are walking ! And that means I longe at them! Master says that is not good at all!So she is teatching me a new comand called LEAVE IT! Its where she has a treat , puts it in front of me and says LEAVE IT! So I quickly learned that if I want the treat witch of cores I do I mean all dogs in there right minde would ! Well eney way if I wont the treat I have to wait for it!So now wen a car gos bye she pulls me on the grass , makes me sit , then says LEAVE IT! Then wen the car has past and I left it alone Master makes a click sound with her mouth , gives me the treat witch by the way is peperoni cut up in fourth's and says good dog! So wonts we got to the wire pool thing we go to the right hand side of the road and go the upasit way we had just been. We reatched our nabers wen we saw his naber and her two Australian dog's. There names are Buddy and Daisy. They were bringing in the mail. I always wanted to stop in and say hi wne we went walking but Master always says NO!I rarley see my dog friends and I wanted to see them so bad! So this time Master said YES! I was so trilled!She walked me to them where me and my friend meeted. Then there Master came and talked to my Master for a while then a car pulled in the grive way a man got out and came to where my Master and my friends Master where talking. Then in a shoort time later we had to go home.I didnt want to go but I had to!Wen we got home Master refiled my water bowl and my food bowl ! Yay Pupy chowe one of my favorites!This day was one of my favorite days because I got treat's wen I behaved , I got to see my budds , and wen I got home I got a nice relaxing drink and one of my favorite dog food's PUPPY CHOWE! How ever loves puppy chowe Bark!
Love Miley!
It was a sunny day but it was windy.I was sleeping in the sun.I didnt know Master was runing frantically to my barn.She had a leash.Miley!She said to wacke me up.She attached the one end of the leash to my coler.Then she tooke off my long tie out leash.I was so happy to see her. I wanted to play but Master had other plan's.She rushed me inside the house.She toock me to the bath room!She and her sister were going to give me a bath!I wasn't going down with out a fight!And I did put up a good fight but Master won the fight!I had to have a bath!It was torment!It was the shoortest bath I ever had in my life!Then I was tacken back out of the bath tub to be rubed all around!That also was torment!But at least I got a lot of attention!Then me,Master,and master's mom all rushed in the van for a car ride!Yay!Master toock me to the naber's house.I was happy to see people!But I was a littel nerves about meeting the new dog's that I saw!They were small dog's the size of Benji.They barked ,one of them graled and lowerd his Papilon ear's I was nerves about meetng new dog's ,new people ,and a new place to snif!I was whalked around the parking lot.After Master whalked me around the parking lot Master toocke me to a stranger!I was so happy to meet some one new!The stranger gave me tow shots while I was trying to meet him.I was to bisey trying to be friend's that I didn't notice it much.Then I was tacken back home and I got to go inside the house what a treat that was!Masters sisre grabed Benji and toock him in the van to get a shot.I heaed on the second shot he yellped!Poor litle Rodent dude !I feel for him I do!Love Miley!
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Eastern Caribbean
The Nature Conservancy helped establish Dominica's 17,000-acre Morne Trois Pitons National Park with a gift of land to the government. Since then, the Conservancy has provided funding and technical expertise to help the park service build trails, purchase radios and field equipment for rangers and train its staff in land stewardship and ecotourism.
In partnership with the Dominica Department of Forestry, the Conservancy hosts an annual volunteer work trip to Morne Trois Pitons National Park. Conservancy members and staff work alongside Dominican forestry employees to provide much-needed facility and trail maintenance in the park.


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Lowlighting Instructions:
For hair that has lost dimension or needs to be a little darker. Follow instructions for highlighting with a cap. Use one of the Color by Robert Craig shades that is darker than the color of your hair now. Also, we have the Color Tool Kit that contains everything above except the bleach and it is available in the shopping cart under the accessories.Photo 18 Photo 19
Following the pattern in these photos pull more hair out from the back and lower sides and progressively less towards the front. Photo 20 Photo 21 Photo 22
Formula 1: Grey Reduction
For: Black or Brown hair with any amount of grey.
Results: This formula evens out grey patches or reduces the amount of grey. Great for those who want to go natural slowly or don't mind some grey. This method allows you to go longer in between touch-ups because you aren't covering 100% of the grey.
With a highlighting cap, pull fine sections of hair through the cap doing more in the back and progressively less toward the front and around the face. If you have a grey streak or patch you can pull more hair from that area to even out the grey. Apply any shade of Color by Robert Craig that matches your natural, dark color on the hair pulled through the cap and process for 20 to 35 minutes. Shampoo, rinse and condition. Style as desired.


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Synaptics, Incorporated
- Employees in region:
- 512
- Sector:
- Information Technology
- HQ location:
- San Jose, CA
Top Workplaces
'10, '12, '14, '15, '16
'10, '12, '14, '15, '16
Synaptics is the pioneer and leader of the human interface revolution, bringing innovative and intuitive user experiences to intelligent devices. Synaptics' broad portfolio of touch, display, and biometrics products is built on the company's rich R&D and supply chain capabilities.
"Every day is new and exciting!"
"Great people work at Synaptics and it is dynamic every day."
"Great people and fun environment."
"We are the tip of the spear. "


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In a letter to the DA Fred Bright dated March 17, an attorney for the woman who alleged sexual assault by Steelers QB Ben Roethlisberger said she did not want the case prosecuted.
Bright, who announced Monday he would not bring charges against Roethlisberger, said his decision not to prosecute would have been the same regardless of whether he had received the letter.
Attorney David Walbert said in the letter: "What is obvious in looking forward is that a criminal trial would be a very intrusive personal experience for a complainant in this situation, given the extraordinary media attention that would be inevitable.
"The media coverage to date, and the efforts of the media to access our client, have been very unnerving, to say the least."
The letter said the woman stood by her complaint.
"The decision (as for no prosecution) does not reflect any recanting of our client's complaint, but simply a realistic personal decision as to what is in her best interests," Walbert wrote. -- Gary Mihoces
Nate Davis is a reporter, blogger and editor who's been at USA TODAY since 2000. He has covered the NFL since 2005. No, he did not play quarterback for Ball State. Davis' succession of our esteemed colleague Sean Leahy at The Huddle is considered a Brady-for-Bledsoe swap by most "insiders."More about Nate


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For Sale: Inquire for Price - Dutch Warmblood - Approved KWPN Stallion
Listed in 8 people's Favorites.Outstanding KWPN approved stallion. Great bloodlines, amazing talent, impeccable temperament, and an extremely rideable stallion. Has now moved into the 1.55m with Dutch rider Willem Greve.
Has produced lovely offspring, passing on all his fabulous traits. Pictures of offspring available upon request.
Truly a beautiful and talented stallion.
Please contact us for more information on this stallion, as well as others that are available. A full vet report and x-rays can be made available upon request.
This horse is currently located in The Netherlands. Please contact for more information.
For Sale: Inquire for Price
Name: Carrera
Breed: Dutch Warmblood
Registered: Yes
Sire: Larino
Report a problem with this Ad.
Jumping: Level 9 (5ft and higher)
Registries: KWPN
Terms: Please contact us for pricing information. This horse is located in The Netherlands.
Current Location: NLD
Ad ID: 34292
Updated: 7/19/2016
Foaled: 2007
Gender: Stallion
Height: 16.3
Color: Grey
Temperament: 3
[1=Bombproof, 10=Hot]
Share |
Name: Euroline Sport Horses
Farm: Euroline Sport Horses Inc.
City: Calgary
Province: Alberta
Country: Canada
Work Phone: 1-403-519-4469
Name: Euroline Sport Horses
Farm: Euroline Sport Horses Inc.
City: Calgary
Province: Alberta
Country: Canada
Work Phone: 1-403-519-4469
Offering Warmbloods Here In Good Standing Since: 11/25/2012
Euroline Sport Horses Inc.
We pride ourselves in being suppliers of top quality sport horses to international riders, trainers and breeders. Our client base, and reputation, is solidly established throughout North America, Eastern and Western Europe, The United Kingdom, Asia, Africa and Australia.
A uniquely and carefully selected array of Jumpers, Dressage horses, Hunters and Eventers are available for sale. Approved breeding stallions, elite broodmares, as well as young stock are also available.
The larger selection of our horses are located in The Netherlands, which is the original family operation for generations. However, we are extremely pleased to announce that we now have set up operations in Calgary, Alberta Canada in addition to our Dutch roots.
We are able to offer our clients a full service "shopping experience", and assure a fantastic selection of horses within the discipline and level required. Vet reports, competition records, and proof of bloodlines and registration for all horses viewed can be made available at anytime. We are also extensively experienced with, and are able to arrange, all pre-purchase vet examinations and exportation requirements for our horses upon sale.
We are a family run and managed operation, so therefore can guarantee the personal touch and complete knowledge of all horses, and have prided ourselves in being high quality recognized breeders, approved stallion producers, trainers, and competitors to the highest level of equine sport.
It would be our absolute pleasure, and delight, to assist you in finding your ideal and desired equine partner.


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Category:Emergency Medicine
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
This category contains pages that are part of the Emergency Medicine book. If a page of the book isn't showing here, please add text
{{bookcat}} to the end of the page concerned. You can view a list of all subpages under the book main page (not including the book main page itself), regardless of whether they're categorized, here.
The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total.


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INTERVIEW - South Africa minister vows Earth Summit to go ahead
Date: 17-Jul-02
Country: SOUTH AFRICA
Author: Nicholas Kotch
Environment Minister Valli Moosa snuffed out suggestions that the gargantuan gathering might be cancelled.
"That is not at all possible," he told Reuters.
"What I can say with certainty is that everyone wants this summit to succeed," Moosa said before flying to New York for 25-nation talks at the United Nations aimed at finding an 11th hour accord.
Many environmental activists say there is no chance of meaningful progress at Johannesburg's August 26-September 4 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
Rather than hollow promises which will not meet the core goal of alleviating world poverty while protecting the environment, such critics say it would be preferable to call off the summit.
"At some point when things are not really moving, it's better to have a failure than a foul compromise," Gerd Leipold, executive director of the Greenpeace group, told Reuters in Amsterdam last week. But Moosa disagreed and predicted positive movement at Wednesday's one-day "Friends of the Chair" session at the U.N.
"The only possibility is that there will be progress on Wednesday. The question is how much progress," he said in a telephone interview.
South Africa says it expects more than 100 world leaders and around 60,000 participants at the WSSD and parallel gatherings of non-governmental organisations and business.
Among Western leaders French President Jacques Chirac and British Prime Minister Tony Blair have both pledged to attend.
But there is no expectation that U.S. President George W. Bush will come to Johannesburg. One senior South African official told Reuters last week that Secretary of State Colin Powell was likely to head the U.S. delegation.
"If the U.S. representation went lower than (Powell), we would have a problem with that," the official, who declined to be quoted by name, said.
The summit is seen as a follow-up, 10 years on, to the first great environment meeting held in Rio de Janeiro.
South African organisers and activists want the WSSD to end with concrete and achievable goals on a raft of issues which might allow a ballooning global population to be fed, sheltered, educated and employed without wrecking the planet's shrinking resources.
The final round of pre-summit talks between governments, to agree a text built on such principles, was held in Bali, Indonesia in June but ended unsuccessfully.
"In terms of U.N. procedure no other (preparatory) meeting is planned before the summit starts," Moosa said.
"So it was felt better to do some ground work in New York in order to facilitate an agreement here in Johannesburg."
Key issues that remain outstanding include the thorny one of agricultural subsidies in rich nations, which the developing world claims prevents its farmers from selling their goods to affluent and mature markets.


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HAMPSTEAD – The Budget Committee plans to develop ways for improving the transparency and clarity of budget and financial information presented in the Town Report.
Member Anne Howe said at last week's meeting that she reviewed several years of Town Reports and found a lack of consistency and clarity in the way budget and financial information is presented, making it hard both to understand and to compare. She was asked by the board to develop suggestions for improving the presentation of budget and financial information for the Town Report and agreed to bring them to the Sept. 5 meeting of the Budget Committee.
The committee member liaisons will spend September meeting with their boards and committees as the budget season gets underway, and should get information on any big ticket projects being contemplated.


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Do not be a victim of poor internet signals! Get a router upgrade and follow our top 6 tips on how to improve your home Wi-Fi. more
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Enjoy using the public wireless hotspots without exposing yourself to any of the potential dangers. more
For the past few years, the buzz around the business world has been 'cloud computing'. But what exactly is cloud computing and how can you best use it for your business? more
The latest buzzword in mobile computing is ultrabook, a word coined by Intel to describe an ultra thin, high-end laptop computer that uses a low power Intel core processor and an SSHD to provide the utmost portability and battery life. more
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It is not delicious and does not go well with whipped cream. But the Raspberry Pi is still pretty amazing. more
When the Nexus 7 was introduced in July 2012 , it received critical acclaim. With a 7-inch display, 1GB of memory, WiFi, an Nvidia Tegra 3 quad-core chip and running version Android 4.2, known as the Jelly Bean operating system, the Nexus 7 was clearly intended as a self-contained entertainment sy... more
There seem to be two different schools of opinion about Microsoft Windows. Some computer users swear by it, while others simply swear at it. more
Struggling with WiFi 'dead zones' or can you not connect enough devices to your home network? If so, you're in the right place. Read on for an explanation of the different wireless network solutions you can install without breaking a sweat, or your bank account. more
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The latest offering from Intel in the Core i7 range, code named Ivy Bridge, is officially known as the Intel Core i7 3770K. more
The original Apple iPad sold over three million units in just 80 days. By the time the second generation, the iPad 2, arrived in March 2011, almost 15 million iPads had been sold worldwide. more
If you love playing computer games, chances are youve been thinking of a new computer so that the new game youve been eyeing doesnt run like a snail when you start to play it. Ever thought about building your own gaming computer? more
If you have your own website, and many of us do these days, youve probably wondered at times if it is safe from hackers. It can be disconcerting, embarrassing and sometimes frightening to discover that youve been the subject of a hack-attack. more


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ultrasonic noise problem side-stepped?
The one major issue with non-oversampling dacs (as I understand it) is the large amount of ultrasonic noise produced.
But if a nos-dac is used with class-d amplifiers and full range drive units, this shouldn't be a problem.
Firstly, all class-d amps have a capacitance across the output to remove the switching frequencies. This is often about 0.1uF, so surely this capacitance will remove both the amplifiers switching frequency and also the ultrasonic content coming from the dac.
Similarly, the rising impedance with frequancy of full range drivers (i have fe207e) due to voice coil inductance will prevent any ultrasonic noise getting through the speaker.
Please let me know if I'm missing something here. It seems to me that the major short-coming of nos-dacs is removed if these dacs are used with class-d amps and full range drivers.
Just an idea.... Let me know what you think :-)
The filtering your talking about in your fullrange driver and the .1uf on your class D amp are 1st order (-6db per octave) the kind of attenuation you need for the noise in cd and da convertors is more like 4th order -24db or more that quickly cut above 20k and not to effect the signal at 20k too much. The only way a first order filter would have an effect on this is to start to cut at 10k then you'll be left with no highs from your source.
Cheers George
That makes sense.
If both class-d and full range drivers follow the nos-dac, and both roll-off at 6db above 20KHz (for the sake of argument) does this become 12db per octave filtering?
Agreed this isn't as effective as 24db, but is at least a partial help at binning those unwanted ultrasonics.
Yes two 6's will make a 12 if they are at the same frequency which is very unlikely, but you will find that it still won't have an effect just above 20k, were it all should happen very steeply.
Cheers George
Thanks George :-)
You simply need better DAC output filters if this is actually a problem in the first place.
No, it makes NO sense.
The problem is not with risking 'hearing' the HF noise from a NOS dac, but the way in which it can upset all the amplification stages that follow. This may be exhibited in intermod distortions, odd DC offests, full-blown oscillation or just...the sense on audition that all is not well.
Duo is right. By feeding a NOS Dac into a Class D amp you are still expecting the Class D amps' front-end to cope OK with the HF noise these dacs produce. That is not a given... all the class D amps I've seen so far still us a linear buffer stage before the modulator, and you just as at the mercy of the power amps' designer as with any other amp chain... given many of these things are sold on being cheap as any actual audio merit (and so use slow opamps here) it's a lottery. Sorry.
Yes this is why it must be done heavily and as steep as possible at 20k at the source, to avoid sending any amp/preamp into oscillation. It cannot be done at the end or the middle of the hifi chain, just asking for trouble with anything at is unstable especialy switching/D/T class amps or wide bandwidth linear a class for that matter.
Cheers George
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EVEN after International Baccalaureate diploma students Miranda Zhang and Daniel Schulz received their long-awaited results, there were still dilemmas.
Miranda and Daniel are part of The Age's multimedia series The Year 12 Club, which is following the progress of six students through year 12 and beyond.
Daniel has until 5pm on Saturday to decide whether to study at Monash or Melbourne University. He is ultimately interested in a job in mechatronics, a combination of mechanical, software and electronic engineering. His boss at Neighbourhood Nerds, a business that repairs computers in people's homes, told him Melbourne University courses were very theoretical.
''That set alarm bells ringing, given I want to do something very practical. I'm veering towards science and then a masters of engineering at Monash,'' Daniel said.
He wished his score had been one or two marks higher, although he admitted ''it's a little irrelevant if you get into your course''.
''I'm just glad it's over, we were all stressing so much.''
The IB co-ordinator at Tintern Senior College rang students at 7.30am on Friday to inform them of their score.
''It was nerve-racking waiting for the call,'' Daniel said. ''My friends and I decided we wouldn't tell our scores to each other, but that all fell into a shambles.''
Meanwhile, Presbyterian Ladies College student Miranda Zhang is beginning to think she may be better suited to project management, which involves outdoor work, than the legal career she was previously considering.
Miranda, who wants to study commerce at Melbourne University, said it was very hard to sum up two years of IB. ''I guess a few words to describe it would be chaotic, stressful at times, exciting and challenging.''
Miranda's two years included learning the piano, participation in the school musical with brother school Scotch College, aerobics, volleyball, tennis and volunteer work at her local Salvos store - all of which contributed to the compulsory CAS (creativity, action, service) component of the diploma.
Her advice to students contemplating the IB diploma is that it is definitely worthwhile. ''At times a lot of my friends and me were like, 'Why are we doing this?' But in the end it definitely paid off. I feel I have benefited from it, in the sense I've delved into subjects much deeper than I would have in VCE.''
For now, Miranda is focused on her post-school ''bucket list'', which includes learning to play the guitar. ''I just feel so relieved … now, I can finally relax and be free in my mind.''