text:
Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back Credits (Game Boy)
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ESRB Rating
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings.
Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back Credits
|Original Game Design [LucasArts]
|Mike Ebert, Kalani Streicher
|Background Art [LucasArts]
|Armand Cabrera, Mike Ebert, Harrison Fong, Jon Knoles
|Producer [LucasArts]
|Kalani Streicher
|Package Design [LucasArts]
|Rick Strand
|Art Direction [LucasArts]
|Rick Strand
|Manual Design and Layout [LucasArts]
|Mark Shepard
|Documentation [LucasArts]
|Judith Lucero
|General Manager [LucasArts]
|Doug Glen
|Creative Director [LucasArts]
|Howard Phillips
|Director of Marketing [LucasArts]
|Kelly Flock
|Director of Development [LucasArts]
|Lucy Bradshaw
|Director of Sales [LucasArts]
|Cynthia Wuthmann
|Product Marketing [LucasArts]
|Mary Bihr
|Lead Tester [LucasArts]
|Mark Cartwright
|Project Engineer [Sculptured Software]
|Ken Grant
|Design Contributions [Sculptured Software]
|Ken Grant
|Project Manager [Sculptured Software]
|Hal Rushton
|Artwork [Sculptured Software]
|Ken Grant, Heinee Hinrichsen, Joe Hitchens, Michael C. Lott, Clark Sorenson
|Additional Art Contributors [Sculptured Software]
|Lance Thornblad, Mike Ulrich
|Musical Arrangements [Sculptured Software]
|Paul Webb
|Sound Effects[Sculptured Software]
|Paul Webb
|General Manager [Sculptured Software]
|George Metos
|Publishing Director [Ubi-Soft]
|Gérard Guillemot
|Game tests and Technical Support [Ubi-Soft]
|Frédéric Gaulbaire, Frédéric Markus
|Marketing [Ubi‑Soft]
|Carole Degoulet
|Manual [Ubi‑Soft]
|Florence Villatte
|Packaging Design
|Pierre Boutavant
Other Games
In addition to this game, the following people are listed as working on other games. No more than 25 people are listed here, even if there are more than 25 people who have also worked on other games.
Kelly Flock, 106 other games
Mark Cartwright, 100 other games
Mary Bihr, 58 other games
Frédéric Markus, 50 other games
Jon Knoles, 43 other games
Lucy Bradshaw, 37 other games
Hal Rushton, 36 other games
Paul Webb, 33 other games
Mark Shepard, 31 other games
Carole Degoulet, 31 other games
Judith Lucero, 30 other games
Kalani Streicher, 29 other games
Howard Phillips, 25 other games
Mike Ebert, 24 other games
Michael C. Lott, 23 other games
Gérard Guillemot, 23 other games
Clark Sorenson, 22 other games
Ken Grant, 21 other games
Joe Hitchens, 19 other games
Doug Glen, 18 other games
Armand Cabrera, 15 other games
Lance Thornblad, 15 other games
Harrison Fong, 14 other games
Mike Ulrich, 12 other games
Heinee Hinrichsen, 12 other games
People who have worked on this game have also collaborated on the creation of the following games:
Star Wars, a group of 13 people
Super Star Wars, a group of 11 people
Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back, a group of 8 people
Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis, a group of 7 people
Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge, a group of 6 people
Pipe Dream, a group of 6 people
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, a group of 6 people
Loom, a group of 6 people
Secret Weapons of the Luftwaffe, a group of 6 people
The Secret of Monkey Island, a group of 6 people
Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, a group of 6 people
Full Throttle, a group of 6 people
Their Finest Hour: The Battle of Britain, a group of 6 people
The Secret of Monkey Island: Special Edition, a group of 6 people
The Dig, a group of 5 people
Star Wars: X-Wing, a group of 5 people
Star Wars: Episode I - Racer, a group of 5 people
Star Wars: Jedi Knight - Dark Forces II, a group of 5 people
WWF Super WrestleMania, a group of 5 people
The Simpsons: Bart's Nightmare, a group of 5 people
Outlaws, a group of 5 people
Defenders of Dynatron City, a group of 5 people
Maniac Mansion, a group of 5 people
Boxing Legends of the Ring, a group of 5 people
Star Wars: X-Wing - Imperial Pursuit, a group of 5 people
Credits for this game were contributed by Kartanym (10698) and formercontrib (159671)


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I set up my camera positions and soon discovered our main shots are being blocked by someone standing in the way. What do you do?
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Live with it ? in some cases you may have to, for example during a performance there is often not much option to move a camera position.
Move the camera ? if this is easy to do, it is the least disruptive to what is happening on stage. Performers or speakers may be quite picky about where they stand in relation to each other, so it is best to avoid moving them if possible.
Move the performer or equipment. In some cases this might be quite simple ? moving an amplifier one foot to the left or right, moving a microphone stand etc. However be very careful of situations where you are moving a person around onstage. Make sure they are happy with it, that the lighting guy is happy with it, and that the audio guy is happy with it, and that everyone else onstage is happy with it.
Generally, if you just say to the performer ?can you stand a bit further forward? they will likely forget. Better to move their mic stand to force them to move forward, or put a small cross of white tape on the floor and ask them to make sure they are standing on this. They may still forget, but when they remember mid performance they have something concrete to aim for.
Last update:
07:03 PM Wednesday, December 5, 2007
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Apple is giving serious thought to releasing a large-screen iPhone, according to recent reports.
Rumours of a large-screen iPhone have been doing the rounds for some time now, but a new report from Reuters adds an extra dose of credibility.
The report claims to have learned from "four people with knowledge of the matter" that Apple will launch two larger form factor iPhones within the next year.
One of these new devices will have a 4.7-inch display, like the HTC One. The other will have a 5.7-inch display, which carries it into Samsung Galaxy Note 2 territory (slightly beyond, in fact).
It's felt that this is a response to the threat of Samsung, which has overtaken Apple in terms of smartphone market share with its range of large-screen - and predominantly Android - smartphones and phablets.
It's claimed that manufacturers have been approached with Apple's plans for large-screen smartphones, although these do not necessarily represent the company's final plans.
Just last week at the AllThingsD conference, Apple CEO Tim Cook left the door open to larger iPhones, stating that the company simply hasn't made the move "so far. That doesn't shut off the future."
The report also backs up rumours of an all-new cheaper iPhone model being released in five or six colours this year. Apparently the cost of the device - presumably on contract - would be $99, which is currently the subsidised cost of a brand new iPhone 4S.
Next, read up on the iOS 7 features list


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Thermage Q&A
Fat Injection + Thermage
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Will Thermage "Melt" the Fat That Has Been Injected Under the Eye and Tighten the Skin?
I have had a fat injection under the eyes about 3 months ago and I have been back to consult my doctor as the fat has lumped. She recommended that I... READ MORE
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Greg Gutfeld's Class Warfare: Occupy Protesters Are "Takers," Tea Partiers Are "Makers"
Blog ››› ››› LESLIE ROSENBERG
In May, Fox Business launched a weeklong effort to pit the "makers" against the "takers." Now, Fox's Greg Gutfeld is using those labels to pit the Tea Party against the Occupy movement.
This is just the latest effort by right-wing media figures to marginalize members of the Occupy movement as societal parasites. After members of the Occupy movement adopted "We are the 99 percent" as an organizing message centered on systematic wealth inequality, CNN contributor and Red State editor Erick Erickson launched a fraudulent counter-movement portraying Occupy protesters as being subsidized by taxpayers. Fox News hosts quickly endorsed Erickson's efforts.
Gutfled himself has previously called the protesters "annoying" and said they were guilty of "class envy."
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Hey folks, just to let you know I'll be approving files in 10 hours time (aka tomorrow morning). Due to strange timezones we just went live now as it's daytime in Australia where the development team is.
Sadly I'm on the other side of the world where it's 1am
So I shall be looking forward to reviewing lotsa files tomorrow!!
Need any extra reviewers?
good luck collis, i'll be working on some files to update myself
Need any extra reviewers?Yeah, count me in!
We're keeping the review team small for now, but we'll hire reviewers as demand increases. Keep an eye on the blog for announcements!
Yay! Just woke up and there's a good 50 something files awaiting approval
Yep Amanda is the person to talk to about reviewing staff, I just asked if I could do the first day or two of file reviewing as it helps me get a feel for what's coming in and where the site is going.
After a couple of days I get pretty hopeless at staying on top of the queue
Thanks Amanda!!
Oh man! I missed the opportunity for my files to get reviewed in the first batch. Oh well, tomorrow is another day.
Collis, congrats on the 1000th post, by the way!
Thanks Siam! Actually I'm about to start right now
Go 1000 forum posts
Where can we see if we have files up for approval or the status? Or how long does it generally take to find out? hours, days?
Click on the "Upload" link and it will show your recently uploaded pending files and their position in the approval queue. As the reviewers process the files, yours will move up in the queue. Once your file has been evaluated, you will get an email notification.
Best luck!


text:
Overfishing in the Atlantic
Last Monday, November 4, the European Parliament's Fisheries Committee met and agreed upon draft legislation that would regulate the practice of deep-sea bottom trawling in the Atlantic Ocean. Although the European Commission had proposed a complete phase-out of bottom trawling, the committeelimited the ban to areas with vulnerable ecosystems, such as sponges and coral reefs.
Bottom trawling involves dragging heavy fishing nets with large metal plates and rubber wheels along the sea floor, destroying virtually all life forms in their way; moreover, due to the damage inflicted upon these deep-sea ecosystems they take decades to recover, if at all.
The European Parliament further suggested that the Commission assess the effects of deep-sea fishing equipment on these vulnerable ecosystems after four years to determine whether or not a complete ban on bottom trawling is necessary in order to promote sustainable fishing. Approved with 19 votes in favour, zero against and four abstentions, the draft will be voted on in December or January's plenaries.
This week's vote was yet another step towards reforming the EU's Common Fisheries Policy, which was created to manage the fish stock for the entire bloc.
However, many attribute the depletion of Europe's fish stocks to the policy's liberal subsidies that enable the already swollen fishing fleet to be expanded.
Consequently, a UN Food and Agriculture Organisation report revealed that Europe ranks number three in the world for highest fish catches, resulting in the overfishing of approximately 75 per cent of European fish stocks.
The unclear future of Europe's fishing industry caused by overfishing has garnered much attention for the issue. In May, the EU decided to actively pursue legislation that would end overfishing in Europe and support sustainable practices that would promote the long-term wellbeing of the industry. The agreement bans the practice of discarding, which occurs when fishing fleets discard dead or dying fish back into the ocean.
A 2011 Commission report highlighted that fishermen are throwing between 25 to 70 percent of their catch back into the sea, resulting in approximately two million tons of undesirable fish returning to the North-East Atlantic. This practice further devastates the fish stocks, for the rejected fish are unaccounted for within the set quotas, enabling overfishing to occur on a colossal scale.
Furthermore, in order to address the issue of funding the overcapacity of the fishing fleet through subsidies under the common fisheries policy, Parliament rejected giving aid towards the building of new vessels during the plenary session on October 23.
Although the EU declared that new fleets could not be subsidised over 10 years ago, France and Spain, who are both largely involved in the fishing industry, were supporting a reinstatement of these subsidies. Not only were these proposals rejected by the Parliament, but they also created a limit on the amount of funds that member states can allocate towards their fleets.
The desire is that these measures will help reduce the negative effects of the EU's massive fishing fleet.
According to a report published by New Economics, a British think tank, the European Union needs to redirect the funds from the fleets towards data collection and the enforcement of existing laws in order to stimulate the replenishment of fish stocks. A more sustainable policy would lead to large economic benefits in the long run, for each euro spent on promoting such practices could yield a return 10 times greater than the original investment.
Moreover, a healthy fish stock would end the problem of smaller catches and lead to about €3.2 billion additional revenue, as well as create 100,000 jobs in the fishing industry.
The European Union is continually taking the necessary steps to aid in the recovery of the European fish stock while reforming the Common Fisheries Policy to create a more sustainable industry. Although some fear that negotiations with member states regarding these policies will weaken their effectiveness, the EU is working diligently to ensure that the future of the fishing industry is healthy and booming.
David Casa is a Nationalist MEP.
See our Comments Policy Comments are submitted under the express understanding and condition that the editor may, and is authorised to, disclose any/all of the above personal information to any person or entity requesting the information for the purposes of legal action on grounds that such person or entity is aggrieved by any comment so submitted. Please allow some time for your comment to be moderated.


text:
Teacher of Religious Education, Birmingham
Job details
|Rockwood Academy
|MPS/UPS with a possible TLR for an exceptional candidate
|Contract type
|Full Time
|Contract term
|Permanent Suitable for NQTs
|Closing date
|Applications are closed
|Job starts
Rockwood Academy is an 11-16 co-educational Academy.
The Principal, Mr Choudhury and the senior leadership team, are seeking inspirational, professional and dynamic teachers to build upon our strengths and take the Academy forward on the next stage of our journey. Rockwood Academy is a popular school at the heart of the local community.
Our recent Ofsted inspection (March 2016) rated the Academy as 'Good' in every category including pupil outcomes; quality of teaching, learning and assessment, personal development, behaviour and welfare and effectiveness of leadership and management. This is a tremendous achievement considering even nationally, very few schools go straight from 'Special Measures' to 'Good'.
We are seeking to appoint a talented and engaging Teacher of Religous Education to join our innovative team. Newly qualified teachers are also welcome to apply. This is a pivotal stage in the development of the Academy and a wealth of opportunities exist for ambitious and committed teachers. If you are a talented professional with passion, commitment and resilience, and if you are driven to make a difference to the lives and futures of young people, we would like to hear from you. The successful candidate will be joining a vibrant learning community that will offer fantastic opportunities for professional development and will fully prepare the successful candidate for the next step in their career. Successful candiates are automatically enrolled in the Academy's Health Care Plan, which offers excellent benefits.
The Academy is sponsored by the Core Education Trust and is built on its values of Collaboration, Opportunity, Respect and Excellence. The Trust provides outstanding support, and is committed to transforming learning and aspirations for all of our young people.
Visits to the Academy are warmly welcomed and encouraged.
For more information please contact
Neelam Marva (School Business Manager):
E: email@example.com
Closing date for applications: midday on Monday 12th December 2016.
Rockwood Academy is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all staff and volunteers to share this commitment.
Rockwood Academy
Naseby Road Birmingham
About the employer
The Core Education Trust is inspired and guided by its 4 Core values of Collaboration; Opportunity; Respect and Excellence. It is a new Trust led by some of Birmingham's leading educational and business leaders.
The Trust works in partnership wi...
|Org type
|Mainstream School
|Funding status
|State - Academy
|Age range
|11 - 16 years


text:
Multicolor Layer-by-Layer films using weak polyelectrolyte assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Cite this article as:
- Rivero, P.J., Goicoechea, J., Urrutia, A. et al. Nanoscale Res Lett (2013) 8: 438. doi:10.1186/1556-276X-8-438
- Citations
- 2.6k Downloads
In the present study, we show that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different shape, aggregation state and color (violet, green, orange) have been successfully incorporated into polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. In order to obtain colored thin films based on AgNPs is necessary to maintain the aggregation state of the nanoparticles, a non-trivial aspect in which this work is focused on. The use of Poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (PAA) as a protective agent of the AgNPs is the key element to preserve the aggregation state and makes possible the presence of similar aggregates (shape and size) within the LbLcolored films. This approach based on electrostatic interactions of the polymeric chains and the immobilization of AgNPs with different shape and size into the thin films opens up a new interesting perspective to fabricate multicolornanocomposites based on AgNPs.
KeywordsMulticolor films Layer-by-Layer assembly Silver nanoparticles
Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt)
Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)
- AgNO3
silver nitrate
- LbL
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
- AgNPs
silver nanoparticles
Transmission Electron Microscopy.
The synthesis of metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, palladium, copper) and their further incorporation into thin films is of great interest for applications in antibacterial coatings[1, 2], catalysis[3, 4], chemical sensors[5, 6], drug delivery[7, 8], electronics[9], photochemistry[10] or photonics[11, 12]. The wide variety of synthesis methodologies to obtain the metallic particles provide alternative ways to synthesize the nanoparticles controlling various parameters such as the shape, size, surface functionalization or interparticle distance which affect their final properties. A control of these parameters is a challenging goal, and a large number of reports have been published[13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. Among them, the synthesis routes based on the chemical reduction in organic solvents or in which polymers can act simultaneously as a stabilizer and reducer agent to obtain metal nanoparticles have been investigated[21, 23]. However, the use of organic media and the synthesis of polydisperse nanoparticles limit their use for some specific applications in where monodisperse nanoparticles are required[24, 25].
Alternative procedures for the synthesis of Au or AgNPs are based on the use of water soluble polymers with the aim of achieving size-controlled nanoparticles. Wang and co-workers have obtained AuNPs in aqueous solution in the 1–5 nm size range with the use of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA)[26, 27]. Keuker-Baumann and co-workers reported a study about the formation of AgNPs with a high control and a characteristic plasmon band at 410 nm is observed using dilute solutions of long-chain sodium polyacrylates (NaPA) by exposing the solutions to UV-radiation[28] in where the coil size of the polymeric chains acts as a collector of silver cations (Ag+). Other researches have investigated the formation of AgNPs and intermediate clusters in polyacrylate aqueous solutions by chemical reduction of Ag + using a reducing agent, gamma radiation or ambient light[29, 30, 31, 32]. Very recently, our group has described the synthesis of multicolor silver nanoparticles with a high stability in time, using poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (PAA) as a protective agent, in where the AgNPs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra (colors) as a function of variable protective and reducing agents with a well-defined shape and size[33].
Once the metallic nanoparticles have been synthesized, a further assembly in the form of thin films is required to obtain the desired silver nanoparticle composites. However, this is not always possible because of the need of preserving the aggregation state of the nanoparticles. Several approaches are based on the incorporation of the nanoparticles into a previous polymeric matrix obtained by different thin film techniques, such as sol–gel deposition or electrospinning process[34, 35]. In all the cases, the presence of an intense absorption band at 410 nm is indicative of spherical AgNPs with a characteristic yellow coloration. In this work, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly allows to manipulate and incorporate the nanoparticles into the thin films due to the use of PAA as a protective agent which maintains unaltered the aggregation state of the AgNPs. This technique is based on the alternating deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in water solution (polycations and polyanions) on substrates where the electrostatic interaction between these two components of different charge is the driving force for the multilayer assembly[36]. Previous works are based on the in situ synthesis of AgNPs in the polyelectrolyte multilayers via counterion exchange and posterior reduction[37, 38, 39, 40, 41]. In these cases, this approach is based on the pH-dependent dissociation of weak acids such as PAA as a function of the pH, in where both ionized (carboxylate) and non-ionized (carboxylic) groups are obtained. The presence of the free ionic groups makes possible to bind metal ions via a simple aqueous ion exchange procedure and a posterior chemical reduction step with a reducing agent, leads to obtain the nanoparticles within the thin film. However, Su and co-workers have demonstrated the incorporation of AgNPs with the use of strong polyelectrolytes, such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), without any further adjustment of the pH[42]. Although the film thickness of the polymeric matrix can be perfectly controlled by the number of layers deposited onto the substrate, a better control over particles size and distribution in the films are not easy to achieve with the in situ chemical reduction and as a result, only yellow coloration is observed. Our hypothesis for obtaining the color is due to a greater degree control over particles (shape and size distribution) in the films with a real need of maintaining the aggregation state.
To overcome this situation, we propose a first stage of synthesis of multicolorAgNPs (violet, green and orange) in aqueous polymeric solution (PAA) with a well-defined shape and size. A second stage is based on the incorporation of these AgNPs into a polyelectrolyte multilayer thin film using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a study about the color formation based on AgNPs is investigated in films preserving the original color of the solutions.
Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) (Mw 56,000), Poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) 35 wt% solution in water (PAA) (Mw 15,000), silver nitrate (>99% titration) and boranedimethylamine complex (DMAB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without any further purification.
Synthesis method of the PAA-capped AgNPs
Multicolor silver nanoparticles have been prepared by adding freshly variable DMAB concentration (0.033, 0.33 and 3.33 mM) to vigorously stirred solution which contained constant PAA (25 mM) and AgNO3 concentrations (3.33 mM). This yields a molar ratio between the protective and loading agent ([PAA]/[AgNO3] ratio of 7.5:1. The final molar ratios between the reducing and loading agents ([DMAB]/[AgNO3] ratio) were 1:100, 1:10 and 1:1. The reduction of silver cations (Ag+) and all subsequent experiments were performed at room conditions and stored at room temperature. More details of this procedure can be found in the literature[33].
Fabrication of the multilayer film
Aqueous solutions of PAH and PAA with a concentration of 25 mM with respect to the repetitive unit were prepared using ultrapure deionized water (18.2 MΩ · cm). The pH was adjusted to 7.5 by the addition of a few drops of NaOH or HCl. The LbL assembly was performed by sequentially exposing the glass slide (substrate) to cationic polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and anionic polyelectrolyte PAA loaded with the silver nanoparticles previously synthesized (PAA-Ag NPs) with an immersion time of 5 minutes. A rinsing step of 1 minute in deionized water was performed between the two polyelectrolytes baths and a drying step of 30 seconds was performed after each rinsing step. The combination of a cationic monolayer with an anionic monolayer is called bilayer. The LbL process was carried out using a 3-axis cartesian robot from Nadetech Innovations. More details of the LbL assembly can be found elsewhere[35, 36, 43]. No atmospheric oxidation of the LbL films with AgNPs was observed using this experimental process, showing the long-term stability of the resultant films.
UV-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) was used to characterize the optical properties of the multicolor silver nanoparticles and the resultant coatings obtained by LbL assembly. Measurements were carried out with a Jasco V-630 spectrophotometer.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the morphology (shape and size) of the silver nanoparticles obtained in aqueous solution. This TEM analysis was carried out with a Carl Zeiss Libra 120. Samples for TEM were prepared by dropping and evaporating the solutions onto a collodion-coated copper grid.
Atomic force microscope (AFM) in tapping mode (Innova, Veeco Inc.) has been used in order to show the distribution of the Ag NPs, thickness and roughness of the films obtained by the LbL assembly.
Results and discussion
According to the results observed in Figures 1 and2, when DMAB concentration added in the reaction mixture is low, violet coloration ([DMAB]/[AgNO3] = 0.01) or green coloration ([DMAB]/[AgNO3] = 0.1) is observed with a typical long-wavelength absorption band (600–700 nm) and a new absorption band at 480 nm appears for green coloration, which corresponds to complexes of small positively charged metal clusters and polymer ligands of the polyacrylate anions (PAA)[44, 45, 46]. It has been also found that AgNPs with a specific shape and size (TEM micrographs), nanorods of different size (from 100 to 500 nm) are synthesized for violet coloration. Additionally, clusters with a hexagonal shape (from 0.5-1 μm) mixed with spherical particles of nanometricsize are found for green coloration. However, when DMAB concentration is increased ([DMAB]/[AgNO3] = 1), orange coloration with an intense absorption band at 440 nm is observed, which is indicative of a total reduction of the silver cations and the corresponding synthesis of spherical nanoparticles with variable size. These results corroborate that the excess of free Ag+cations immobilized into the polyelectrolyte chains of the PAA respect to the reducing agent, plays a key role in the synthesis process, yielding different nanoparticle size distributions and aggregation states. It is important to remark that changes in the plasmonic absorption bands (resultant color) basically depend on the relationship between the aggregation state of the nanoparticles (even in the cluster formation) and the final shape/size of the resultant nanoparticles. A control of all these parameters is the key to understand the color formation in the films.
From the results of Figure 4, it can be said that a successful deposition of orange colored films was obtained. A LSPR absorption peak centred at 440 nm grows as a function of the number of bilayers deposited onto glass slides via LbL assembly (10, 20, 30 and 40 bilayers, respectively). The intensity increase of the absorption band at 440 nm or the orange coloration of the films, is the result of an incorporation of spherical AgNPs in the multilayer assembly.
According to the results, an increase of the absorption peak from 10 bilayers to 40 bilayers at a specific wavelength position is observed. The location of this absorption band, which is higher in intensity when the thickness of the coating is increased, maintains the same position that initial synthesized violet silver nanoparticles (PAA-AgNPs) at 600 nm (see Figure 1). In view of these results, UV–vis spectra reveal identical absorption peaks for both LbL fabrication process and the synthesized PAA-AgNPs (violet solution), which it means that silver nanoparticles with a specific shape (mostly rods) have been successfully incorporated in the multilayer assembly.
Obviously, in all the cases of study, the thickness and the resultant color formation depends basically on surface charge of both ionized PAH/PAA polymeric chains, the number of bilayers deposited, the number of the AgNPs incorporated and the distribution of them with a specific shape during the fabrication process. In order to show the aspect of the thin films after LbL fabrication process, AFM images of 40 bilayers [PAH/PAA-AgNPs] at pH 7.5 reveal that the morphologies of the thin films were homogeneous, very slight porous surfaces with an average roughness (rms) of 12.9 nm (violet coloration), 16.7 nm (green coloration) and 18.6 nm (orange coloration). In all the cases, the polymeric chains of the weak polyelectrolytes (PAH and PAA) are predominant in the outer surface and the AgNPs are embedded inside the polymeric films. In order to show the presence of these AgNPs in the LbL assembly, a thermal treatment of the films was necessary with the idea of evaporating the polymeric chains (PAH and PAA, respectively) and so, the contribution of the AgNPs can be appreciated when the fabrication process is performed.
In this work, highly stable coloredAgNPs were synthesized using a water-based synthesis route using PAA as capping agent. The weak polyelectrolyte nature of the PAA and the excess of Ag + cations respect to the concentration of reducing agent (DMAB) make possible to achieve nanoparticles with different sizes, shapes and aggregation states. This yields different coloredAgNPs dispersions (violet, green and orange). Such AgNPs have been successfully incorporated into LbL thin films in where the adsorption process was carried out that the AgNPs and aggregates (clusters) within the film are maintained, and thus the coloration of the films is also kept. In order to obtain the proper coloration of the thin film, a study about the influence of the number of PAH/PAA-AgNPs bilayers added (10, 20, 30, 40 and 80, respectively), the position of the absorption bands (UV–vis spectra) and the pH value of the weak polyelectrolytes solutions have been performed. A pH value of 7.5 or higher value of the PAA-AgNPs solution is the key to preserve the aggregation state of the AgNPs without any further precipitation or loss of coloration. A better definition of the coloration in the films is observed when a higher number of bilayers (thickness) are added during the LbL assembly (mostly in green color) because of a better entrapment of both initial clusters and nanometric spherical nanoparticles. This is indicative of a higher number of AgNPs or aggregates of specific shape and size that are incorporated into the multilayer film. In addition, AFM images reveal a low roughness of the resultant colored films which drastically changes with a thermal treatment due a total evaporation of the polymeric chains (PAH and PAA), making possible to appreciate the number of AgNPs incorporated as a function of bilayers added. To our knowledge, this is the first time that colored PAA-AgNPs of different sizes and shapes are synthesized and incorporated later in LbL assemblies preserving the original color of the solutions.
This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CICYT FEDER TEC2010-17805 research grant. The authors express their gratitude to David García-Ros (Universidad de Navarra) for his help with the TEM images.
Supplementary material
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Archive for January, 2013
Seeing the British Museum Through the Eyes of a ToddlerJanuary 29th, 2013
A trip to the British Museum in London is a must for all visitors in London. The museum can be fun for the family, too! Here are some tips for stepping away from the mainstream tours and seeing the museum with a toddler. You'll never look at the British Museum in the same way again!Read More
Celebrating Burns NightJanuary 23rd, 2013
Are you ready for Burns Night on Friday, January 25th? If you're not sure what it is or how to celebrate, our London based blogger Zoë F. Willis has shared a wee bit about the history of this Scottish holiday and the traditional ways to enjoy this fun night – including haggis, pipers and lots of poetry and Scottish dancing!Read More
Last Chance to See Hollywood Costume at the V&A!January 21st, 2013
This is the last week to see the outstanding exhibition Hollywood Costume at the Victoria & Albert Museum in South Kensington! This landmark exhibition brings together costumes from some of the most celebrated Hollywood films and highlights the art of costume making. Hollywood Costume closes on January 27th, 2013, so don't miss this rare chance to see the magic of Hollywood on display in London!Read More
Chelsea Flower Show 2013January 16th, 2013
If you're a green thumb and are planning a spring trip to London, don't miss the chance to attend the Chelsea Flower Show from May 21-25, 2013. Garden enthusiasts travel from around the world for this world-class show, which takes place right in the heart of Chelsea at the Royal Hospital. Book your stay in Chelsea and reserve tickets well advance for this wonderful event!Read More
Discovering Chelsea – Fulham Road, Old Brompton Road & The BeachJanuary 15th, 2013
From the charming residential neighbourhoods of west Cheslea, our London based blogger Zoë F. Willis explores this fun area in London. From the peace of the Brompton Cemetery to the cheers of Chelsea soccer fans at Stamford Bridge stadium and antique shops and restaurants in between, find out more about what to see and do in Chelsea!Read More
Orchids at Kew GardensJanuary 15th, 2013
Add a burst of tropical colours to your London holiday this spring with a visit to "Orchids at Kew" – an outstanding display of orchids from February 9th – March 3rd, 2013. This special event at Kew Gardens promises to bring together a spectacular showing of hybrid orchids from the world's largest and most comprehensive collection in all their colourful glory!Read More
Discovering Chelsea – Sloane Square & King's RoadJanuary 15th, 2013
In our new Discovering London series of blog posts we're taking an in depth look at things to see and do in Chelsea. One of London's most popular neighbourhoods, Chelsea is a top spot for shopping and dining along trendy King's Road and Sloane Square. But don't miss the other cultural and historic attractions during your stay in Chelsea!Read More
London Perfect Valentine's Day Apartment Sales!January 14th, 2013
For all you romantics at heart …Valentine's Day is just one month away! If you're still looking for something special this year, why not surprise your loved one with a romantic and unforgettable Valentine's Day in London? Take advantage of last minute sales on select London vacation rentals and enjoy a romantic and relaxing Valentine's Day trip to London.Read More
Cooking Schools in LondonJanuary 7th, 2013
London is leading a food revolution that has gourmands from around the world taking notice. From breadmaking courses to marmalade making extravaganzas and traditional British favourites, here's a list of where to find some of the most unique, interesting and fun cooking classes in London!Read More
Happy New Year's from London!January 2nd, 2013
London celebrated the end of a memorable year with a spectacular New Year's Eve fireworks display that wowed the tens of thousands of people watching along the Thames and millions around the world. Wishing you a 2013 full of health, happiness … and travels to London!Read More
Coffee in LondonJanuary 1st, 2013
Whether you're recovering from New Year's Eve or a fun night out on the town in London, here's a look at some of the best coffee shops and independent coffee roasters in London!Read More


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1998 Hall of Fame--The Son Also Rises
In 1975, Spencer Press added its second and third web presses, a Heidelberg Harris M-110 and another M-1000A. Installed at the dawn of in-line finishing, the M-110 became a gold mine after Spenlinhauer added in-line plow-folding capabilities—a service practically unheard of at the time.
Therein lies John Spenlinhauer's strength: Not only can he recognize value in up-and-coming services and technologies, he can predict the best time to invest in them. The direction he has given Spencer's manufacturing process has earned him a much-deserved spot in the 1998 Printing Impressions/RIT Printing Industry Hall of Fame.
"John is unquestionably one of the smartest guys in the printing business," says Tom Romano, vice president of CRT Associates, a company specializing in retail mail order catalogs, and a longtime customer of Spencer Press. "John has the ability to know when to purchase capital equipment, but more importantly he knows how to pay for it. He's not afraid to grow his business by adding new equipment."
No Fear
This lack of fear is evident. In 1978, Spenlinhauer shut down Spencer's last sheetfed press. Today, the company operates Heidelberg Harris web presses exclusively, outputting catalogs, inserts and direct mail. The heavy machinery whirring on the shop floor includes an eight-unit M-3000 "Sunday" press, an eight-unit M-1000B, a five-unit M-1000A, a four-unit M-850 and two five-unit M-110Bs. Next year, Heidelberg Web Press will deliver another eight-unit M-3000, and another eight-unit M-3000 will arrive in the year 2000.
Spenlinhauer's foresight has not been limited to presses. In 1984, years before anybody thought to describe prepress as "electronic," Spencer added a Crosfield electronic page makeup system. "We were right out on the front edge with that one," Spenlinhauer boasts.
Spenlinhauer's plans for the future should keep his company on the front edge, but naturally he isn't too keen to share his strategies. He is willing to drop a few hints. He claims that he has signed a confidentiality agreement with four vendors to create a never-seen-before product by June of 1999.


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|by signguy
|Date Added: Saturday 20 July, 2013
Just kidding... the guinea pig just uses this once in a while to sit in while we clean his cage.
|by Emily Ott
|Date Added: Friday 21 June, 2013
Bought this for my friend's rat babies, and she and they both love it. No breaking apart or other issues, and the rats enjoy moving around.
|by danielle
|Date Added: Sunday 09 June, 2013
I have a grey hooded rat that I bought this for. It was large enough, but there are two doors on it that twist open. When this is purchased, make sure that both ends are actually shut!!
|by Brittney
|Date Added: Thursday 06 June, 2013
The 11 is great for our rats, and it keeps them safe from chewing on something, while allowing them the freedom to get some exercise without too much supervision. (sometimes they do get wedged and we have to go get them out lol.)It's pretty easy to clean too, which is a plus for anyone.I have heard the tabs on the openings break pretty easily, but we haven't had an issue and we're on our second because our dog decided to chew up the first after a year or so.I would recommend this product to anyone!
|by Kevin O'Brien
|Date Added: Wednesday 24 April, 2013
I like the product quite a bit, but the plastic is a bit thin and worried it might crack in the future.
|by Kaylin
|Date Added: Wednesday 10 April, 2013
I bought this to put my rat (Jack) in while I cage. I didn't expect him to love running around in it as much as he does. It's the right size, and the fact that it's clear makes visibility much better. The lid is a little hard to work sometimes, but that just makes it that much harder for him to get out on his own.


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Take CableTV.com's Advice and Make DIRECTV Your Next TV Service Provider
Independent consumer surveys show that DIRECTV is the best TV service provider among satellite TV and cable companies in Hessel, MI. This information can help you determine the best fit for your needs and budget when choosing between cable companies and other television services available in your area.
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Wedding photos: if you had to do this...
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I am (or was) a pro photographer. I've got over 50 weddings under my belt. My .02 is to decline the invitation to shoot their wedding. It is a once in a lifetime event and I cant tell you how many horror stories I've heard about friends/family shooting weddings.
There is a reason people are willing to spend a couple grand for a good photographer.
Once the wedding is over the bride and groom will have two things. A overpriced dress that sits in a box for the rest of their lives and the pictures. Good wedding photographs are worth 10 times what was paid up front.
That being said, if you still do decide to do this, make sure you are prepared.
Main camera and a couple lenses
Back-up camera and a couple lenses.
TWO flash units and PLENTY of batteries.
A couple extra memory cards. (SHOOT A MINIMUM OF 500 FRAMES, FULL RESOLUTION)
Lens hood is a necessity for an outdoor wedding!
Do you know how to pose a group?
Do you know how to pose a couple?
Do you know how to CONTROL a group?
Do you know how to light a group?
Can you do all that FAST w/ grandmas, aunts, uncles ect looking over your shoulder and giving advice?
Is the reception in or out?
Do you know how to shoot CONFIDENTLY in everything from heavy overcast to bright, direct sun?
Do you have to capability and knowhow to shoot w/ more than one flash?
Do you know how to shoot fast? Can you time your shots well? (DONT MISS THAT KISS!! DONT MISS THE CAKE CUT!!)
Most importantly, can you GUARANTEE 100% that you and none of your equipment will fail to miss ANYTHING?
When I shot, I charged a minimum of 2K and usually cleared 5K by the time everything was done. I was good, and people like my style. That being said, I still got VERY stressed out, I still missed things occasionally, and my top of the line equipment (hasselblad) would let me down now and again.
After 50 plus weddings, I decided that it wasnt worth it, no matter how much people were willing to pay me.
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lmao! had to read that one aloud to get it thru my thick skull tho! doh!
Old feller was going to down the road one day and gets pulled by the Highway Patrol.
Tropper walks up to the car and asks the ol boy "You got any ID"
The feller replies "about what?"
When Injustice Becomes Law....Rebellion Becomes Duty
The only thing wrong with Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was that it was the South, not the North, that was fighting for a government of the people, by the people and for the people."
-- H. L. Mencken
lmao! had to read that one aloud to get it thru my thick skull tho! doh!
"The friendliness and charity of our countrymen can always be relied upon to relieve their fellow citizens in misfortune.... Federal aid in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of the Government and weakens the sturdiness of our national character...." -- President Grover Cleveland
Teach a man to fish, but if he'd rather turn around and steal your catch, shoot him.


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- Product 516291
Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar
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A wonderful classical guitar with cutaway body, cedar top, rosewood back and sides, and rosewood fingerboard. The guitar's warm tone is supported by ...Click To Read More About This Product
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Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I have 2 beautiful classicals, a Miranda Travel guitar, A Gretsch Hollow Body, and a Takamine ENV 60 (Supernatural with Bear Claw Spruce Top and cool tube), but wanted a classical cutaway with a pick up. I tried the G series and they just did not have it. Then I played around with some thinned down hybrids from Yamaha, Alvarez, Cordoba, but they lacked the volume projection, and they were no fun to play in solo pieces. So here I was moaning about how much money I was going to spend.Played a TC132 and loved it. Was really disappointed in the quality of the Ramirez. For that money, I expect perfection.Finally stumbled on an immaculate EC132SC in a pawn shop, of all places. It cried out "please take me home". The guitar had not been played in a long time. In fact, it appeared to have the original strings on it. They hardly showed any wear.After changing out to Savarez reds, tweeking the action and playing at least an hour a day, the tone has changed dramatically. The workmanship on Takis is impeccable. The back and sides are solid rosewood with a solid cedar top.My only real complaint is the lack of dots on the top. Not many high end classicals do. I could never figure out a reason why, other than that the master luthiers think it an insult. I would like to see better tuning machines, but these work and look just fine. Some day I will swap them out for Gothos.OK, it is not a Ruck, but a very close second. Rich, loud tones. The CT4B does not match the Cool Tube, but I think for stage work, this pre amp works just fine and as good as anything else from Martin or Gibson. My cool tube does eat up batteries.I think for the money, even new, this is as good as it gets. For the next step up, one will pay for it.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I am a guitar player of 35 years, many styles, classically trained. This guitar is a very well made production line guitar, we will overlook the fact that it has a poly finish instead of nitrocellulose (would have been much better). The woodwork craftsmanship of the guitar is excellent. The tone is very well balanced and sweet. The electronics are very natural sounding but the preamp output is a little weak. The only thing that was a real problem for me was the factory setup of the neck. I had to hire my star guitar repair guy to work on the bridge saddle, frets, and neck adjustment to lower the action where I wanted it with no buzz. Expect to pay an additional $50 to $100 to get this guitar setup for optimum playability.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
Takamine makes a very good product for the price. I have always admired their workmanship and quality. I would give it a ten overall if it weren't for the EQ on the preamp and the case having problems right out of the box.
Also, I called Takamine to ask the questions about preamp EQ boost controls, and never even got a reply.
I have several high end steel string acoustic electrics that are fantastic when plugged in. I felt like the Takamine EC132SC left something to be desired when amplified. The three band EQ made hardly any difference if you tried to boost or reduce the output on treble, mid, low ends. I think this might be due to the characteristics of classical vs. steel strings, but haven't been able to get a good answer from Takamine support. I tried a Takamine EG128SC and found the same thing, and also a Cordoba C7-CE.
I will say that the tone reproduction amplified is fairly accurate of what it sounds like un-amplified. I am playing though a Fender Acoustasonic Pro, which is amazing in and of itself and would probably make any instrument sound great.
Every detail of the guitar is flawless. One of the buckles on the case fell off the second day and I had to adjust it with some pliers. It is okay now.
I bought mine as a level 2 (used instrument) from Musicians Friend. I felt like it was a pretty good value for the money. The EG128SC (which I also bought used from them) was in my opinion a better value.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I was looking for a classical with a cut out. I was going to spend less money, but after playing this guitar I was sold. It is easy to play and has great sound (sold tops rule!). I have played for about 8 months now and it is still my favorite guitar.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I was looking for an electroacustic, after a lot of research an review readings I decided to go for the ec132sc. Mine says "used" in the inner label. Sound is great, rich and full. However I have a Mexican guitar from Paracho Michoacan, a Jeronimo Amezcua; costs only a fraction. I love both guitars, each is champion for different kind of music.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I didnt know classical guitar music can be easier to play if you have the right guitar. I was playing classical pieces on another Takamine with 14 frets instead of 12 until I discover this one. The frets are low making bars easy. Some fingerings that I thought was ridiculous now make sense with this guitar. The tone is so warm and bright. I was not impressed by the preamp very much, esp. After I listen to the sound mic'ed. The mic'ed sound is so clear and crisp compared to the preamp. I said tomyself: never buy a classical guitarwith preamp any more. The build in tuneris a great plus enabling me to switchbetween low C, D and E tunings easily.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
I love my EC132SC. It sounds beautiful plugged and unplugged. The action is low and yet the strings won't buzz when I play "razgueados". Well balanced, rich and full sound comes from this guitar. The craftsmanship is superb with flawless finish and no glue excess inside. The electronics are one of the best I've seen. I use my guitar for recording at home and in the studio and I don't need any extra gear to get a beautiful classical sound. When compared with a similar Cordoba model which cost much more the EC132SC has nothing to envy. I definitely recommend it.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
This guitar is beautiful. It was delivered @ 8:30 PM by the UPS and was almost frozen. I took it out of the box and case and tuned it up immediately. The sound was dull because it was still frozen i think. The next morning i started playing it again and could not put it down...in fact i was 30 min late for work. This is a very good sounding guitar unplugged even with the strings that came with it. I ordered some expensive strings but have not changed them yet. The nut width is exactly 2 inches. I can go from my fender, Taylor, CA dreadnought to this one with no problems (i do use them for different songs though) Plugged in, this pup system as expected is a feedback monster. I will try a sound hole plug and also try to just mic it. The built in tuner is a first for me and is quite convenient. For the price, this guitar can't be beat. I played guitars that were twice as much as this one that didn't impress me.PS this is the first time ordering a guitar online. I always like to play first and then buy the very guitar that i am playing...no regrets on this purchase. If you are looking for a fine classical guitar this it it. I welcome any questions.
Comments about Takamine EC132SC Acoustic-Electric Classical Guitar:
Can someone tell me the spec for the battery. I need to replace mine and the worn out one was long ago junked. What type/size of battery is required?
- Was this a gift?:
- No


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
I lucked out and got a space! I always check and I never get one, so I am excited! I did mine on a flowers theme, because I want it to be SPRING!!!
Check it out: http://www.etsy.com/treasury_list.php?room_id=35386
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here we go....
here we go....
i don't seem to be getting the hang of this lol..
Check this out mate, should help you
Amos (23-04-2010)
nice looking car m8, but don't waste your money trying to get any horses out of it! you will be wasteing your money. drive it for a while, get used to the e46 and maybe in a while you can go and get a bigger engined model with al the experiance gained from owning this one.
i came close to buying a 328i se e46 tonight but there was just something that was telling me all wasn't right with it.....i really don't know what was wrong with it,i just decided it wasn't the one for me
am i strange or do other people sometimes feel the same when looking at cars for sale,it's almost like a sixth sense telling you not to buy it
i've had an idea!
is there anywhere that will put a 328 or 330 engine into my car?
anyone got any suggestions
It would cost you less in the long run to just sell the 318 and buy a different model! seriously, as you would need to upgrade brakes, suspension etc. it will end up costing you dearly. and the value of your car will drop as a result of the changes.
At least your not on a US forum. If you have a 4 cylinder there you may as well hang yourself.
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Tpms wtf
So i am driving my jeep today and the tire pressure light starts to flash and i get a bing bing noise.
My jeep does not have the advanced TPMS system that tells you what each tire has for pressure etc. Its just the basic setup i guess that tells you if its low.
So i assume a tire has low pressure.
Besides going out and checking tires with a gauge and filling each one is there any way to find out what tire is low from in the jeep? i could not find anything in the cluster information center.
Also could it be the spare or is that not included in the basic system?
Finally will the bing and light (it goes out after a min or two) will it stop coming on every time i start up and once in a while while i am driving if i just add air to all the tires to the right pressure?
Re: Tpms wtf
if you dont have the advanced system...you have to check each one. If they are fine...check the spare. That light will stay on and you will get the warning untill you fix the problem
---------- Post added at 07:36 PM ---------- Previous post was at 07:36 PM ----------
add the right pressure and you will be golden....
Re: Tpms wtf
OK, But all i have to do is fill up the tires to the right pressure on the door sticker and it will go off on its own?
---------- Post added at 07:37 PM ---------- Previous post was at 07:36 PM ----------
Saw Edit, Thanks.
Re: Tpms wtf
yeah.....as soon as the tire reached the normal opertaing range or above 29 psi if i remember correctly
Re: Tpms wtf
Ok, cool, i will check them all tomorrow.
Re: Tpms wtf
I fill mine to 35 all around. Some think its a bit high but i think its alright.
Re: Tpms wtf
Yeah mine is a bit high also, around 34.
check em tomorrow kyle, you should be fine
Re: Tpms wtf
Will do, Thanks guys, I normally run 32 psi but i might go a bit higher for getter MPGs and cause i dont give a fawk about the stupid fortera hl's.
Re: Tpms wtf
I have 2 dead/malfunctioning TPMS sensors, YAY, and its could cost about $200+ to fix it after labor. Fawk that noise, he cleared the codes for now.
I have the basic system that does not tell what tire has what pressure, it just says "hey there is an issue" So there is no way of knowing where each bad sensor is. it said sensor 1 and 2 are bad, that could be any where on the jeep or the spare tire.
the only way to tell is to actually dismount each tire and check the sensors and the new sensors need to be "learned" or programmed before install.
It is also illegal for the dealership to deactivate the system. If i could get my hands on a scan tool and deactivate it myself and put in regular valve stems if i wanted.
it will prolly cost in excess of $200 to get it fixed, he cleared teh code and i am gonna leave it for now as i have better things to spend $200 on.
Re: Tpms wtf
weird that 2 would fail at the same time huh?
Re: Tpms wtf
Thats what i thought, but i know the tech and i looked at the scanner myself.
Re: Tpms wtf
I know you can get the sensors cheaper...but its gonna be a pain to find which one it is.
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Based on recent information provided by web analytics firm comScore, Facebook's market share in some countries is extremely high. However, if you look at the overall population of some of these countries, it is very small. For instance, comScore reports that 87% percent of online visitors in Peru use Facebook, but only 27% of the people there have Internet access. You do the math; it's not that huge.
Nevertheless, Facebook dominates the market in these countries, which is very rare for any company. I invite you to take a look at the list of 10 countries that have more than 86% Facebook users.
1. Philippines
Facebook: 93.9%
Internet Use: 29.7%
The country has been named "The Social Networking Capital of the World" because social network saturation is extraordinarily high in the Philippines, hitting 95%. Facebook is the Southeast Asian country's most popular web site, more than Google, and has a saturation rate of 93.9%. Twitter is also popular in the Philippines as the eighth most popular country for Tweeting on a global scale, with a saturation rate of 16.1%.
2. Israel
Facebook: 91.0%
Internet Use: 71.6%
Israel consumes a great deal of time on the social networking sites, second to Russia. On the average, social network users spend 9.2 hours on social network sites a month. The country has the highest rate of Internet use among the countries on this list. At least 71.6% of the country's population is on the Internet. Most of those users are occupied with Facebook.
3. Turkey
Facebook: 90.9%
Internet Use: 45%
Out of all the Eurasian countries, Turkey has the highest Facebook saturation with a rate of 90.9%. Internet users in this country consume a great amount of time on the social network. On the average, a Turkish visitor will spend 7.6 hours a month on social networking sites.
4. Chile
Facebook: 90.2%
Internet Use: 50%
Fifty percent of the Chileans are online, which rates them the highest of Internet use among Latin American countries. Based on comScore research, 28.5% of all minutes spent online in Chile are spent on social networking sites, which is an increase compared to 8.9 percentage points from the previous year. Thus, Chile's most popular activity online is social networking.
5. Argentina
Facebook: 89.2%
Internet Use: 64.4%
Facebook has become exceptionally popular in Argentina with a saturation rate of 89.2%. Almost 28% of minutes spent online in Argentina are spent on social networks, making the online activity the second most popular destination on the Internet with portals the first.
6. Malaysia
Facebook: 88.4%
Internet Use: 64.6%
Now we swing back to the Asia where Malaysia has the second-highest social network saturation in Southeast Asia at 91%. Photo sharing on sites like Facebook is becoming the most popular social-networking activities in the country. From 2009 to 2010, Malaysia saw an increase in online photo sharing at 57%.
7. Indonesia
Facebook: 87.5%
Indonesia's high adoption rates are due "almost exclusively" to Facebook. At the beginning of 2011, 22% of Indonesian Internet users visited Twitter, the fourth-greatest share among all countries. Indonesia, however, has the smallest percentage of Internet users among the countries on this list, a total of 12.3%. Indonesia sounds like a place to open up an Internet cafe franchise.
8. Peru
Facebook: 87.2%
Internet Use: 27%
A relatively small minority of people who live in Peru use the Internet. But those who do use the Internet are very much involved with social networking.
9. Colombia
Facebook: 86.9%
Internet Use: 48.7%
More than 86% of Colombians averaged 4.6 hours on Facebook during the month of September 2010. Colombian is the fastest-growing Internet market in Latin America, growing 31% in the past year to reach 11.8 million unique visitors.
10. Venezuela
Facebook: 86.2%
Internet Use: 37.7%
Even though this article is about Facebook, I must point out that Venezuela has the third highest rate of Twitter use among Internet users. Twenty-one percent of Venezuela's Internet users have Twitter accounts. Even their president Hugo Chavez has 1.5 million Twitter followers. He is the second-most followed political figure, behind Barack Obama. For obvious reasons, social media plays a huge role in Venezuelan politics.


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Nick Swanz's Eagle Scout project is easy to see if you are at the intersection of Sherburne County roads 38 and 19 in Baldwin Township.
Standing against woods near the southwest corner of the intersection is a large metal sign that says "Young Park." The sign is on the northeast corner of the 80-acre park.
The top of the sign is 8 feet above the road level and in the center of a landscaped mound of mulch spread around some evergreens, ornamental grass, perennial flowers and three large boulders.
The stainless steel letters contrast against the rust-colored, 4-by-8-foot quarter-inch steel backing plate and also stick out because of metal spacers between the letters and the backing plate.
Swanz, 14, completed the project in early August at a cost of $2,600. Baldwin Township is paying $1,600 of that, and Swanz was able to get the rest of the funds donated.
Swanz said he appreciates the donations in the project. They include Ben Pettibone, owner of Pettibone Nursery and Landscaping in nearby Blue Hill Township, donating consulting services; Brand Manufacturing in Princeton, donating the cutting of the backer plate; and Craig's Restoration in Durant, Iowa, donating material, labor and shipping of the steel letters.
The rust effect on the steel back plate was achieved by spraying a solution on it consisting of muriatic acid in which copper shavings had soaked.
Swanz said he got the idea for the project from a discussion during a Baldwin Township board meeting on what is needed at Young Park. He was attending the meeting last year as a requirement for earning his "citizenship in the community" Boy Scout badge. Swanz returned to the township hall last January and brought up the same question about needs at Young Park and heard one of them was signs.
Swanz did the project as a member of the Boys Scouts' Lone Scout program after leaving area Boy Scout Troop 16. Swanz got the endorsement of the Baldwin Township Park Board and the Baldwin Board of Supervisors.
Swanz met with the township's park board to select a location for the sign and once that was approved, obtained the needed county setbacks, had utility locators check for possible underground cables, mowed and weed-whipped the site and sprayed weed killer to prep it.
Making the sign included designing it and creating profiles for cutting the materials. Plasma cutting was done to make the back plate, while high pressure water jet cutting was used to cut out the letters.
Final installation of the backing plate and assembly of the sign came on Aug. 11.
Swanz said it was a neighbor who inspired him at age 9 to set a goal to become an Eagle Scout before age 15. The neighbor had done that and Swanz said he decided he wanted to be just like the neighbor. Swanz will turn 15 on Sept. 22 and he thought he would get his project approved as meeting all the Eagle Scout requirements by the Central Minnesota Council of Boy Scouts of America.
Eagle Scout projects have always been about leadership. Even though the aspiring Eagle Scout has hands-on work in the project, the objective is for the Boy Scout to organize and manage groups of workers in the project. Swanz's written report shows he did that, even setting up a meeting in advance of the work to go over safety precautions.
Swanz said he's had many great experiences in Boy Scouts besides the Eagle Scout sign project. He mentioned one of his requirements was to have a minimum of 21 merit badges and he earned 35 of them. He said his cooking badge is his favorite. One of his high points as well in Boy Scouts was attending the Boy Scout National Jamboree in Virginia last year.
Swanz's father, Lawrence Swanz, said the sign project was especially challenging for his son because he was putting in 10- to 12-hour work days during the summer in Hanlontown, Iowa, while coordinating the Eagle project to keep it going.
"It speaks volumes of his character," Lawrence Swanz said, adding that Nick "went above and beyond the minimum requirements as he moved up the ranks in Boy Scouts."
Nick Swanz talked about what he found most difficult in being a leader in the Eagle Scout project. It was "making sure I took the lead," he said.
"Guess it was hard for me as I didn't always know what I was necessarily supposed to do next," he said.
He said that as a result, his father and another adult gave him "gentle, friendly advice," and let him "stumble about first to see if I could figure it out on my own. Sometimes I did … sometimes I needed the extra help."
Seeing the project take shape and having the help of all the volunteers was what Nick Swanz called the most rewarding part of being a leader in the project.
"I learned that it takes a lot more effort than one really thinks to manage a group of people," he said. "Also, that there are many steps involved that one doesn't necessarily think about, … from the initial conception of the project to planning to executing that plan."
Some examples of things that he realized had to be planned was how to get the needed water to the site and disperse it for making the concrete anchors for the sign posts, determining how many bags of concrete mix were needed, and how to lift the sign in place and brace it until the cement had set.
"Being a leader means you have to have accountability and have a plan in mind and be able to execute that plan," Nick Swanz said. "You also have to deal with the what-ifs when they arise. Because no matter how well you plan, things don't always go as you had hoped or planned for."
Baldwin Township Supervisor Tom Rush, who is the supervisor board's liaison to the township's park board, said that all of the supervisors "love" the sign.


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Ball State University is very proud of its Housing and Residence Life program, which is nationally recognized for excellence. Within this program, there are four positions that offer a direct opportunity to support students for academic and personal success. These positions are listed as follows:
Residence hall directors: Ball State employs full-time professional staff members called residence hall directors to manage the residence halls. These staff members hold at least a master's degree and live in an apartment within the building to serve as a resource for students.
Assistant hall directors: Ball State hires graduate students who are pursuing a master's degree (often in student affairs administration) and work directly with the residence hall directors in the residence halls. Assistant hall directors also live in apartments within the building and serve as a resource for students.
Graduate assistant coordinator of living-learning programs: This person assists the assistant director of Housing and Residence Life with the creation and support of living-learning communities. This graduate assistant also lives in an apartment within the halls and serves as a resource for students.This position is available every other year. It will be offered for the 2017-2018 school year.
Resident managers: Resident managers are graduate students who are pursuing master's degrees and work in the University Apartments community. Resident managers also live in each apartment community and serve as a resource for student residents.
Learn more about the hall director position by viewing our video testimonial with a current staff member, Danielle Badgett. And check out this video about the Student Affairs Administration in Higher Education (SAAHE) graduate program at Ball State.


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Books & Chapters
1 Samuel 25 - KJV
David, Nabal and Abigail
1 And ch. 28:3Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and Num. 20:29;Deut. 34:8lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down Gen. 21:21;Ps. 120:5to the wilderness of Paran.
2 And there was a man ch. 23:24in Maon, whose [a]possessions were in Josh. 15:55Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
3 Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.
4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did Gen. 38:13;2 Sam. 13:23shear his sheep.
5 And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and [b]greet him in my name:
6 And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, 1 Chr. 12:18;Luke 10:5Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou hast.
7 And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we [c]hurt them not, ver. 15,21neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.
8 Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in Neh. 8:10;Esth. 9:19a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David.
9 And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and [d]ceased.
10 And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Judg. 9:28Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.
11 Judg. 8:6Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my [e]flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?
12 So David's young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings.
13 And David said unto his men, Gird you on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred ch. 30:24abode by the stuff.
14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he [f]railed on them.
15 But the men were very good unto us, and ver. 7we were not [g]hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:
16 They were Ex. 14:22;Job 1:10a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.
17 Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for ch. 20:7evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Deut. 13:13;Judg. 19:22Belial, that a man cannot speak to him.
18 Then Abigail made haste, and Gen. 32:13;Prov. 18:16;& 21:14took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred [h]clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses.
19 And she said unto her servants, Gen. 32:16,20Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.
20 And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.
21 Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath Ps. 109:5requited me evil for good.
22 Ruth 1:17;ch. 3:17;& 20:13,16So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I ver. 34leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light 1 Ki. 14:10;& 21:21;2 Ki. 9:8any that pisseth against the wall.
23 And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and Josh. 15:18;Judg. 1:14lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,
24 And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine [i]audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.
25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, [j]regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; [k]Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.
26 Now therefore, my lord, 2 Ki. 2:2as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the Lord hath ver. 33;Gen. 20:6withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from Rom. 12:19[l]avenging thyself with thine own hand, now 2 Sam. 18:32let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
27 And now Gen. 33:11;ch. 30:26;2 Ki. 5:15this [m]blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that [n]follow my lord.
28 I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for 2 Sam. 7:11,27;1 Ki. 9:5;1 Chr. 17:10,25the Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord ch. 18:17fighteth the battles of the Lord, and ch. 24:11evil hath not been found in thee all thy days.
29 Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the Lord thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he Jer. 10:18sling out [o]as out of the middle of a sling.
30 And it shall come to pass, when the Lord shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel;
31 That this shall be [p]no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the Lord shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid.
32 And David said to Abigail, Gen. 24:27;Ex. 18:10;Luke 1:68Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:
33 And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast ver. 26kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.
34 For in very deed, as the Lord God of Israel liveth, which hath ver. 26kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had ver. 22not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.
35 So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, ch. 20:42;2 Sam. 15:9;2 Ki. 5:19;Luke 7:50;& 8:48Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have Gen. 19:21accepted thy person.
36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, 2 Sam. 13:23he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
38 And it came to pass about ten days after, that the Lord smote Nabal, that he died.
39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, ver. 32Blessed be the Lord, that hath Prov. 22:23pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath ver. 26,34kept his servant from evil: for the Lord hath 1 Ki. 2:44returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.
40 And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.
41 And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.
42 And Abigail hasted, and rose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went [q]after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
43 David also took Ahinoam Josh. 15:56of Jezreel; ch. 27:3;& 30:5and they were also both of them his wives.
44 But Saul had given 2 Sam. 3:14Michal his daughter, David's wife, to [r]Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Is. 10:30Gallim.
Courtesy of: Zondervan and Biblica.
Sermons on 1 Samuel 25
The High Cost Of Arrogance Series
Contributed by Michael Stark on Feb 7, 2017
Arrogance kills. Should anyone question that statement, they need but study an incident when a king whom God anointed requested consideration from a wealthy farmer. What happened next is a warming against becoming arrogant.
Be A Peacemaker Series
Contributed by Christian Cheong on Jun 22, 2016
Seek to be a peacemaker, and speak to build others up.
The Game Of Thrones- Israel's Experience With Human Kings" Series
Contributed by Rev. Clarence Eisberg on Oct 27, 2015
David and Nabal I Samuel 25:4-13 Hospitality This Middle Eastern cultural practice of "hospitality" is what saved the life of Marcus Lattrell. Jesus challenges Simon with a failure to keep a well-known Middle Eastern cultural practice. Luke 7:44-48
Agents Of Grace: Abigail Series
Contributed by Daniel Habben on Oct 11, 2015
God used Abigal to turn David away from a senseless sin.
God Is Always Involved Series
Contributed by Paul Clemente on Jul 29, 2015
Even when we think God is not involved or we don't get God involved, God is always involved in our lives!!


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