text:
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Its Association with Hepatitis C Virus Infection
This Article
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Article Information:
Group: 2005
Subgroup: Volume 3, Issue 3, Summer
Date: September 2005
Type: Original Article
Start Page: 116
End Page: 123
- Z Jadali Dept. of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- F Esfahanian Dept of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- DD Farhud Dept. of Genetic, Tehran, Iran
- SM Alavian Tehran Hepatitis Center, Tehran, Iran
- MM Soltan Dallal Dept. of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
City, Province: Tehran,
Country: Iran
E-mail: email@example.com
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with a plethora of immune and autoimmune perturbations. A variety of conditions ranging from endocrinopathies to different skin diseases have been described in HCV infection. The association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) with HCV infection has been reported in literature. Some data so far accessible are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of HCV infection in patients with HT. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients with HT (35 women, 15 men, mean age: 33.82 ± 13.68 years) and 50 control subjects (33 women, 17 men, mean age: 32.90 ± 13.07 years) were examined. Third generation ELISA test was used for detection of antibodies for HCV in human sera, and anti-HCV positive patients were tested for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: All normal controls were anti-HCV negative whereas anti-HCV antibody was present in 2 patients with HT, confirmed by RTPCR. Fisher's exact test was used to compare relative frequencies. Results indicated that there was no significant difference of anti-HCV anti-bodies between patients and controls. Conclusion: In this study no relationship was found between HCV infection and HT, implying that hepatitis C virus has no a direct causal role in the pathogenesis of HT, this however does not rule out a "hit and run" virus induced disease.
Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis;Hepatitis C Virus;autoimmunity
Manuscript Body:
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune thyroid disease, characterized by gradual destruction of thyroid follicles, infiltration of the thyroid with mononuclear cells and production of various autoantibodies.1,2 The cause of HT is not definitely known and several hypotheses have been proposed.3-5 It is likely that both genetic and environmental factors such as infection have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.6 It seems HT and HCV infection share common features and a potential relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and HCV infection was proposed by several investigators.7-10 However, a clear role for HCV in the pathogenesis of HT has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and significance of HCV infection in patients with HT in Iran.
Materials and Methods
Sera of 50 patients with HT (35 women, 15 men, mean age 33.82±13.68 years) were collected in endocrinology clinics. The clinical diagnosis of patients was made by a consultant endocrinologist. Patients were divided into two groups; 20 newly diagnosed HT, who had not received any treatment for this disease previously, and a group of 30 patients who had been treated with levothyroxine. Sera from 50 healthy individuals (33 women, 17 men, mean age 32.90 ± 13.07 years), with no history of either HT or autoimmune disorders, such as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Vitiligo, or Alopecia areata, were used as controls. Patients were characterized with respect to the presence of associated autoimmune disorders: 41 had no family history of autoimmune disease or any other disorder, 7 had a family history of autoimmune disease but had no other disease, 2 had an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune diseases were: alopecia areata, 1; and IDDM, 1. Third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to HCV in human sera (Bioelisa HCV, Spain). Anti-HCV immunoreactivity by enzyme immunoassay was confirmed by reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, Amplicor, Roche-Diagnostic System, Basel, Switzerland). All serum samples of patients and controls were tested for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies by ELISA (Labodia, Switzerland). T4 (reference 59 to 142 nmol/L) and thyroid stimulatng hormone (reference, 0.36 to 3.98 mIU/L) levels were measured with commercial radioimmunoassay kits (Kavoshyar Kit, Iran). Hepatic function was estimated with serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase using standard laboratory methods (Ziestchem, Iran).
Statistical analysis:
Student's t-test was used to evaluate the statistical differences of the means between the two groups, and relative frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test [χ 2]. All data are presented as mean ± SD. P values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Table 1 reports the features and laboratory results of patients with HT and controls. The diagnosis of HT was confirmed by the elevated thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations (>3.98 mIU/L), normal or subnormal serum T4 value (≤ 59-142 nmol/L), high concentrations of antibody to thyroid peroxidase (> 40 IU/ml), with or without increase in anti-thyroglobuline antibodies.
Table 1. The features and laboratory results of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and controls
|Patients signifi(
|Statistical signifi(cance
|Age (years)
|Sex (female/male)
|Anti-thyroid peroxidase
|Anti-thyroglobulin anti-body (IU/mL)
|Total bilirubin (mg%)
Thirty-five patients (70%) were female and fifteen (30%) were male. The mean age of the patients in this study was 33.82±13.68 years (female patients, 34.11±13.60 years, male patients, 33.13±14.31 years). The mean duration of HT was 6.27±7.69 years (male patients, 6.10±4.53 years, female patients, 6.34±8.76 years). Only two out of 50 patients (4%) and none of the 50 controls was anti-HCV positive.Anti-HCV immunoreactivity by enzyme immunoassay was confirmed by RT-PCR test. These two patients had higher aminotransferase levels, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin than did normal controls, although, there was no statistically significant difference in liver function tests among patients and controls. Serum anti-tyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers were also significantly higher in patients than in the controls.
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of acquired disorders. The mechanisms for the autoimmunity are multiple and complex. It is unlikely that a single explanation is adequate to account for the different phenomena observed in autoimmune disorders. The description of the agents that may participate in the induction or perpetuation of autoimmunity is difficult, but there is much evidence that viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,11-14 such as autoimmune thyroiditis.15-19The mechanisms by which the viruses could trigger autoimmunity in thyroid are not completely known. It is possible that viruses, by virtue of their ability to cause cell damage with release of autoantigens, expression of new antigens, and molecular mimicry may play a role in the induction of autoimmune diseases in thyroid.20,21 Since many clinical and laboratory manifestations related to autoimmunity are shared between HT and HCV infected patients, in the present study the relationship between HCV infection and HT was investigated. There are a number of reports indicating the association of HCV infection and HT with autoimmune diseases including vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus and sjogren's syndrome.22-26Another relevant issue is an increased prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in thyroid autoimmune diseases and high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies in HCV-infected patients.7-9,27 In addition the presence of circulating autoantibodies such as anti-smooth muscle antibodies and anti-nuclear antibodies have been described in both diseases.28 -31In the present study, we evaluated a series of sera from HT patients and normal controls for anti-HCV antibodies. These antibodies were detected in two out of 50 patients and confirmed by RT-PCR test. According to our study, HCV antibody prevalence in Iranian patients and normal controls were 4% and 0%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in HCV seropositivity between patients and normal controls. In addition when we used the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody (0.1%) among 319375 healthy blood donors32 for comparison as the control group, there was again no significant difference between the two groups.To our knowledge, this survey was the first study to investigate the relationship between HT and hepatitis C virus in Iran. There are limited reports of the prevalence and significance of anti-HCV antibodies in HT. Duclas-Vallee et al9 found anti-HCV antibodies (by ELISA) in 12 of 50 patients, although RIBA showed antibody positivity in only 5 patients. In another study Wagner et al33 found anti-HCV antibodies in 3 of 118 patients with HT confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Conversely, other investigators including Wong et al34 could not demonstrate a statistically significant association between HCV and HT. The pathogenic role of HCV in the onset or exacerbation of HT is still unclear. The relation of HT and seropositivity for HCV is not a conclusive reason to evaluate the role of HCV infection in the pathogenesis of HT.In conclusion the results of this study indicated that HCV seropositivity was not related to HT and, does not support a key or predis posing role of HCV in the initiation of HT.However the possibility of a role for viruses or other pathogens does exist.
References: (34)
- Dayan CM, Daniels GH. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 1996 11; 335(2): 99107.
- Weetman AP. Determinants of autoimmune thyroid disease. Nat Immunol. 2001; 2(9): 769-70.
- Bandla HP, Gozal D. Dynamic changes in EEG spectra during obstructive apnea in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 29(5): 359-65.
- Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM. The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004; 150(5): 605-18
- Fountoulakis S, Tsatsoulis A. On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004; 60(4): 397409
- Collins GL, Somach S, Morgan MB. Histomorphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and sporadic disease. J Cutan Pathol. 2002; 29(9): 529-33
- Tran A, Quaranta JF, Benzaken S, Thiers V, Chau HT, Hastier P,et al. High prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in a prospective series of patients with chronic hepatitis C before interferon therapy.Hepatology. 1993; 18(2): 253-7.
- Pateron D, Hartmann DJ, Duclos-Vallee JC, Jouanolle H, Beaugrand M. Latent autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1993; 17(3): 417-9
- Duclos-Vallee JC, Johanet C, Trinchet JC, Deny P, Laurent MF, Duron F, et al. High prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMJ. 1994; 309(6958): 846-7
- Ganne-Carrie N, Medini A, Coderc E, Seror O, Christidis C, Grimbert S, et al. Latent autoimmune thyroiditis in untreated patients with HCV chronic hepatitis: a case-control study. J Autoimmun. 2000; 14(2): 189-93.
- Lonnrot M, Salminen K, Knip M, Savola K, Kulmala P, Leinikki P,et al. Enterovirus RNA in serum is a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes: a prospective study. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group.J Med Virol. 2000; 61(2): 214-20.
- Sadeharju K, Hamalainen AM, Knip M, Lonnrot M, Koskela P, Virtanen SM, et al. Enterovirus in posing role of HCV in the initiation of HT. However the possibility of a role for viruses or other pathogens does exist.fections as a risk factor for type I diabetes: virus analyses in a dietary intervention trial. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003; 132(2): 271-7.
- Yamaoka K, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K. Possible involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in polyclonal B cell activation in Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1988; 31(8): 1014-21.
- Ziring PR, Gallo G, Finegold M, Buimovici-Klein E, Ogra P. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: identification of rubella virus antigen in the thyroid of a child with congenital rubella. J Pediatr. 1977; 90(3): 419-20
- Ziring PR, Gallo G, Finegold M, Buimovici-Klein E, Ogra P. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: identification of rubella virus antigen in the thyroid of a child with congenital rubella. J Pediatr. 1977; 90(3): 419-20.
- Sever JL, South MA, Shaver KA. Delayed manifestations of congenital rubella.Rev Infect Dis. 1985; 7 Suppl 1: S164-9.
- Tomer Y, Davies TF. Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity. Endocr Rev. 1993; 14(1): 10720.
- Wick G, Trieb K, Aguzzi A, Recheis H, Anderl H, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Possible role of human foamy virus in Graves' disease. Intervirology. 1993; 35(1-4): 101-7.
- Tas M, de Haan-Meulman M, Kabel PJ, Drexhage HA. Defects in monocyte polarization and dendritic cell clustering in patients with Graves' disease. A putative role for a non-specific immunoregulatory factor related to retroviral p15E. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991; 34(6): 441-8.
- Weetman AP. Autoimmunity and endocrinology. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999; 107 Suppl 3: S63-6
- Ai J, Leonhardt JM, Heymann WR. Autoimmune thyroid diseases: etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003; 48(5): 641-59; quiz 660-2.
- Fatourechi V. Demystifying autoimmune thyroid disease. Which disorders require treatment? Post-grad Med. 2000; 107(1): 127-34.
- Bonkovsky HL, Mehta S. Hepatitis C: a review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001; 44(2): 159-82.
- Ramos-Casals M, Font J, Garcia-Carrasco M, Cervera R, Jimenez S, Trejo O,et al. Hepatitis C virus infection mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus: study of hepatitis C virus infection in a series of 134 Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis Rheum. 2000; 43(12): 2801-6.
- Haddad J, Deny P, Munz-Gotheil C, Ambrosini JC, Trinchet JC, Pateron D,et al . Lymphocytic sialadenitis of Sjogren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease. Lancet. 1992 8; 339(8789): 321-3.
- Coll J, Anglada J, Tomas S, Reth P, Goday A, Millan M, et al. High prevalence of subclinical Sjogren's syndrome features in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.J Rheumatol. 1997; 24(9): 1719-24.
- Quaranta JF, Tran A, Regnier D, Letestu R, Beusnel C, Fuzibet JG, et al. High prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with anti-thyroid autoantibodies. J Hepatol. 1993; 18(1): 136-8
- Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L, Cable E, Luttig B, Manns M, et al. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Hepatology. 1995; 21(3): 6139.
- Jasani B, Ternynck T, Lazarus JH, Phillips DI, Avrameas S, Parkes AB. Natural antibody status in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1999; 51(1): 9-20.
- Abuaf N, Lunel F, Giral P, Borotto E, Laperche S, Poupon R, et al. Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with chronic C virus hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1993; 18(3): 359-64
- Lenzi M, Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Muratori P, Masutti F, Muratori L, et al. Prevalence of nonorgan-specific autoantibodies and chronic liver disease in the general population: a nested case-control study of the Dionysos cohort. Gut. 1999; 45(3): 435-41.
- Alavian SM, Gholami B, Masarrat S. Hepatitis C risk factors in Iranian volunteer blood donors: a case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 17(10): 1092-7
- Wagner B, Vierhapper H, Hofmann H. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMJ. 1996 9; 312(7031): 640-1
- Wong S, Mehta AE, Faiman C, Berard L, Ibbott T, Minuk GY. Absence of serologic evidence for hepatitis C virus infection in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hepatogastroenterology. 1996; 43(8): 420-1.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
That would be awesome to have more statistic .. Theme of the week , theme of the month .. some graph to see our sale and sale of other theme over the time ..+100000
I second that. I'm pretty sure I read somewhere that Envato is working on new versions of the market places, they should definitely include this.
Can't really see how it could hurt anyone, but as it has already been suggested, you should contact support or send a direct message to Jeffrey Way.
In my opinion, the smilies are horrible.
Great theme! Two things I would change, though:
- Get rid of the unordered list dots in the sidebar by adding the CSS -attribute list-style and the value none. Maybe increase the line-height in the sidebar too.
- Make a little space between the thumbnails and the video title in the "latest videos" section.
Keep up the great work!
That is really much, much better. Can't think of any major flaws that the typography has right now.
I think he wants to write a post for AppStorm.
I'm not sure you can do that at all, but try making a pitch via. E-mail. If they like it, I'm sure they will let you guest post.
You've definitely made a lot of improvements but I still think there are a couple of issues:
- You set word-spacing on body text. I thought the spacing before was a consequence of justified text. With word-spacing you get essentially the same problem: rivers of text and a very uniform text. Just let the browser take care of setting the default word spacing.
- Missing hierarchy. You want to have a ladder of text sizes that you can mix, not just one. Try making the "Latest project"-text slightly bigger, and experiment with the inline introductions (the ones that are bold). Also try making the text in the footer smaller.
I may be a little tough here. You're not doing everything wrong. I love the intro text in the header and the general layout. Keep up the good work!
I usually set my font sizes in ems, but you can use percentages too. In modern browsers you can't really see the consequences of setting font sizes in pixels, but try resizing text in older browsers and you'll see what I mean when I say that it's best to use ems or percentages.
For a really great introduction to typography in general and typography on the web in particular have a look at the Typography section in Mark Boulton's book "A Practical Guide to Designing for the Web". It just came out a couple of days ago, and I would really recommend it to everybody.
Wow. There are a number of issues with the typography:
- The text is too big I seriously can't imagine how this would look on smaller resolutions or on browsers without text antialiasing. Default text size (16pt) is fine if there is not much text, but when the pages are filled with text like this, it's not very pretty to look at.
- The line height is too big Generally on the web, don't go above 1.5. I would suggest going down to 1.3 or around that level
- Justified text Just don't use it on the web. You can't predict how text will wrap or divide a word over multiple lines. This will create spaces between words that are WAY too big, and rivers that will distract the readers.
Overall, nice site! But it needs some work on the typography.
Odense, Denmark
I know of at least one other dane here. Any more?


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It's officially time to close the book on the 2012 New York Jets, who will go down as one of the most disappointing teams in the NFL this season. Just three weeks ago Gang Green was in hot pursuit of a postseason berth, but an embarrassing loss in Week 15 to the Tennessee Titans dashed New York's playoff hopes.
With Sunday's loss in Buffalo, the Jets dropped their final three games of the regular season and missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season. Wholesale changes are expected in the weeks to follow as owner Woody Johnson has expressed his displeasure with the Jets performance this year.
Quarterback Mark Sanchez committed two more turnovers on Sunday, tossing an interception which was returned for a touchdown and coughing up a fumble in the pocket. For the first time all season, the Jets' secondary allowed a 100 yard receiver with Buffalo's Stevie Johnson racking up 111 yards on the afternoon.
Sanchez completed less than 50 percent of his pass attempts for the eighth time this season, capping a miserable campaign with yet another lackluster outing in the final week.
Bills' running back C.J. Spiller, who amassed 169 yards and a rushing touchdown in his team's first meeting with the Jets, had 131 all-purpose yards including a 66 yard catch and run for a touchdown in the second quarter to put Buffalo ahead to stay.
With Sanchez under center, the Jets were unable to produce a touchdown scoring drive, epitomizing the team's offensive futility all season long. General manager Mike Tannenbaum, head coach Rex Ryan, offensive coordinator Tony Sparano, quarterbacks Mark Sanchez and Tim Tebow amongst others have received no assurances that they will be back next season in the Big Apple.
As Gang Green enters a critical offseason period and a possible crossroads for the franchise, the front office is preparing for salary cap hell. While NFL pundits are speculating that things could get worse before they get better for the Green and White, many important personnel decisions lie ahead.
On the eve of a new year, the Jets are hoping to find their identity, rebuild their organization and resurrect their once viable Super Bowl dreams.


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text:
New, Shorter Detour to Lake Powell + Page
US 89T will provide shorter detour to Page, Lake Powell
Drivers headed to Page and the Lake Powell area this Labor Day weekend will have another option when the Arizona Department of Transportation opens the newly paved Temporary US 89 route (US 89T) on Thursday, Aug. 29, albeit with some restrictions.
The former Navajo Route 20 (known locally as Coppermine Road) runs parallel to US 89 from The Gap to LeChee and is accessible on US 89, approximately 17 miles north of the US 160 junction (Tuba City exit).
While the 27-mile paving operations have been completed, US 89T remains an active construction zone as crews continue to install right-of-way fencing along the corridor, which has a large amount of livestock.
Until fencing is complete, US 89T will be open during daylight hours only (except for local residents) and there will be a 25 mph speed limit in place. When construction is complete, the speed limit will be raised and nighttime restrictions will be lifted.
When traveling on US 89T, ADOT urges motorists to slow down, pay attention to their surroundings and be aware that this roadway is prone to animal crossings.
Immediately after the US 89 landslide, ADOT set an alternate route along US 160 and State Route 98, but the 115-mile-long route created a heavy burden for drivers because it was 45 miles longer than the direct route. With the restricted opening of US 89T, however, the US 160-to-SR 98 detour route may still be a faster option for drivers.
US 89T is not part of the ultimate solution to repair US 89, which has been closed north of Bitter Springs and south of Page since Feb. 20 due to a landslide that buckled pavement along the mountain slope in the Echo Cliffs area.
After an extensive geotechnical investigation of the US 89 landslide, ADOT's proposed solution is to move the travel lanes away from the active landslide and construct a gravity buttress to stabilize the area. The projected $40 million repair is expected to take more than two years to complete, and will include significant environmental and right-of-way clearances prior to construction.


text:
On View
Fragmentary sarcophagus front and lid depicting The Slaughter of the Niobids
Unknown artist, Roman
Fragmentary sarcophagus front and lid depicting The Slaughter of the Niobids, end of the 2nd century
88.3 x 251.3 x 29.2 cm (34 3/4 x 98 15/16 x 11 1/2 inches) (front panel)
Museum Appropriation Fund 21.076
This coffin front and lid depicts the slaughter of the children of Queen Niobe of Thebes by the gods Apollo and Diana, the only children of the goddess Latona. According to the Roman poet Ovid (43 BCE—17 CE), Niobe's boast about having borne fourteen children offended Latona. In revenge, Apollo and Diana killed all of Niobe's offspring. From the corners of the lid's frieze, these two deities shoot arrows into the scene below, where the dying children are supported by older figures, including their father, Amphion, on the left—presumably once mirrored by Niobe on the right—and attendants. The myth was popular throughout the Roman Empire period, with similar compositions appearing on other sarcophagi (coffins).


text:
I'm baffled by something with the moorotator widget. The sample data in the widget displays on moorotator with white text on a dark background.
The images I'm choosing to use have a white background so I need to change the text color to something dark or provide viewers with special glasses for viewing invisible ink. I'm speaking of the text inside this tag on the moorotator widget code - <div class="gl_moorotatortext">
I will be the first to raise my hand to say that I am far from a CSS expert and the CSS code with glFusion is so far above my head it's nearly as invisible as the text. But I am game to try and learn.
In the style.css file, around line 2300 or so is this section which I believed to be the necessary area to modify;
Changing the value of the color makes no difference at all and if I examine the widget with firebug inspector, it seems to show that the color code I kept changing is being overridden by an inherited value but I don't understand how to resolve it:
Anybody have any suggestion for a CSS novice on how to change the text color in Moorotator?
Hi Lou,
The best way to change the color in public_html/layout/nouveau/style.css is to add the !important value after the color property, like this:
The reason we need the !important value is that style-colors.css is loaded after style.css, so the value in style-colors.css takes precedence over the value in style.css.
Also, make sure to clear your glFusion cache (Command & Control >> Clear Cache), and your browser cache (CTRL + F5). To make sure that you don't lose your customizations on a glFusion upgrade, I recommend using a custom css file.
Hope this helps,
Thanks for the reply Eric.
Fortunately, I am using a custom css file, a wonderful benefit of glFusion.
Unfortunately, adding the !important; value after the color choice is making no difference. Cleared the cache via command&control and also cleared browser cache, but no matter what value I place in the color field, it never appears on screen. The only way I can get it to be anything other than white is by using a <font color> tag with the text in the moorotator code.
Specificity in CSS can be tricky, but there are a couple of other things we can try:
1. Create a custom style-colors.css file, and at the bottom of that file include
2. Just like you already indicated, wrap the text in a font tag in the markup. The font tag is actually depreciated in HTML4, and removed in HTML 5, so I would recommend using a span tag instead. Then you could use a new class selector tag for those markup items so you can continue to target them with css in the stylesheet. For example, in your markup:
and in your stylesheet:
That should override any other inheritance. At least I hope!


text:
Signorello Estate is a one-of-a-kind reflection of a wholly unique Napa Valley hillside vineyard and terroir. Planted and cultivated by the Signorello Family since 1977, these grapes are the foundation of their richly structured, intensely flavored, limited production Estate wines. Ray Signorello, Jr. has left no stone unturned, no philosophy unexplored, no ancient or modern viticulture and winemaking idea untried in his decades-long quest to produce the perfect Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon for his customers.
Plan a trip to Signorello Estate on our interactive winery map:
Join us at our Tuscan-style winery perched above the Silverado Trail with stunning views of the Napa Valley. Your attentive Estate Ambassador, a skilled wine educator, will start your visit a tour of our estate vineyards and crush pad. Then enjoy a wine tasting experience that always includes a food pairing crafted by our Executive Chef to bring out the nuances of our delicious wines.Music in Tasting Room: Euro smooth jazz
Wine clubs are a great way to stay connected to your favorite wineries.
To join the wine club, visit www.signorelloestate.com or call 707-255-5990.
Bacchus Society: Your Bacchus Society membership entitles you access to many of our limited wines not available at retail. As a valued member, you're also part of our family, enjoying wine & merchandise discounts, newsletters and delicious recipes. Once you become a member, you will receive four to six shipments of wine per year. It costs nothing to join and you may cancel your membership at any time after the second shipment.
The offer listed below is valid for all Napa Valley residents age 21 and over.
Napa Neighbors (1 resident per ID) are invitedto enjoy our Antipasti tasting, Your Estate Ambassador will lead you through a flight of five estate wines, including our highly acclaimed Padrone Cabernet Sauvignon, paired with a selection of artisanal cheeses, cured meat and nuts.. Monday-Thursday before 3 pm. Reservations required.
The Napa Green program is supported by a wide variety of groups including the Sierra Club, the Audubon Society, and the University of California. The Napa Valley Vintners, along with Fish Friendly Farming, the Napa Valley Grapegrowers, the Napa County Farm Bureau and others developed the Napa Green program. Learn more about the program at napagreen.org.
Signorello Estate is certified under the Napa Green Winery Program by the Napa County Department of Environmental Management (DEM) and the Association of Bay Area Government's (ABAG) Green Business Program and completed all the regulatory components needed for environmental sustainability. These components included developing water and energy conservation methods, preventing pollution, and reducing solid waste. In addition to developing sustainable winery practices, this program is set to become the standard for the state of California.
Signorello Estate is certified under the Napa Green Certified Land Program. Signorello Estate has created and implemented a customized farm plan with measured results that addressed all aspects of its property, vineyard land as well as non-farmed land, including practicing soil conservation, water conservation, stable drainage, riparian corridor enhancement, fisheries and wildlife habitat enhancement and long-term improvement and sustainability.
Certification - certification is granted by the Napa County Agricultural Commissioners Office of Pesticide Regulation, the Regional Water Quality Control board, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Once a year the rarest new Napa Valley wines become available under one roof at Premiere Napa Valley. Wineries throughout the Napa Valley are given one task to participate: create a one-of-a-kind wine for this event to be purchased by one lucky bidder. This event is only open to select members of the wine trade and the successful bidder is the sole owner of this unique wine.
Signorello Estate
Cases: 10
Varietal: Cabernet Sauvignon
Vintage: 2014
Release Date: October - 2017
Appellation: Napa Valley
To purchase this wine or check on availability contact:
Liquor Stores of North America
Edmonton AB


text:
This Long Island boy calls Delmarva home. I have been here with Delmarva Broadcasting
and Cool 101.3 for almost 10 years! I grew up with the Eagles, the Police and Earth
Wind & Fire. I Love the music we play on Cool 101.3. When I'm not in the studio or at
Steve's Seaside Saloon, you can find me on anyone of Delmarva's golf courses seeking
to break 90. Thank you for listening to Cool 101.3. And check this blog for my rants,
entertaining videos and anything else I might think you will enjoy!
New Michael Jackson Song
This is a song that is coming out in the Michael Jackson musical of his rehearsal before his death. This song is featured in the credits. What do you think of it?
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- 4 total posts
- 4 comments
Recent comments from RobynL
Arlena, Thank you very much for the advice. I will do as you said and see if I notice a difference. I'll give it a while and will let you know how things turn out. Robyn READ COMMENT
No, I don't hold anything in my hand. I don't cut or do anything to the treated hair. I did wax before I started the treatments. I have waxed for about 6 years. (I'm guessing.) READ COMMENT
Thank you so much for replying. I am not using any other methods for hair removal. I am going every 2 weeks and my appointments are for 30 minutes. Both upper lip and eye brows are done in this time span. As to the method being used... READ COMMENT
I have been going to an electrolsis for 1 year,a total of 30 treatments so far. I went 6 months to 1 office, 1 time a week. Now I am going to a different office once every 2 weeks. I am having eye brows and upper lip done. Assuming all... READ COMMENT


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By Paul Gardner
Real Madrid is marvelous team with marvelous players. What a pity that it has a coach who is deeply toxic. Jose Mourinho's behavior during this week's Barcelona-Real Madrid game, the second leg of the Spanish Supercopa, defies description, at least a description using a normal vocabulary. A psychologist, or a psychiatrist, using the abstruse words of those vocations, would do better, I imagine.
Here was a game between two teams that, between them, can put more skilled players on the field than any other matchup -- including both of the top candidate s for the best-player-in-the-world title, Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.
And that was the way most of the game was played -- at an almost supernatural level of brilliance, with constant reminders -- an impossible pass, a breath-taking dribble, a moment of unbelievable ball control -- that we were watching something special.
But we also got enough sideline shots of Mourinho to let us know that his influence would lie heavily on this game -- and would ultimately mar it into an ugly brawl.
The best description of Mourinho and his behavior comes from literature, from a once-famous book that, no doubt, no one reads any more -- George du Maurier's Trilby. There is a coach in the book, a coach of a singer, Trilby, who cannot perform unless hypnotized by Svengali. The word Svengali now means a manipulative mastermind; he was described in the book as someone who "would either fawn or bully and could be grossly impertinent. He had a kind of cynical humor that was more offensive than amusing and always laughed at the wrong thing, at the wrong time, in the wrong place. And his laughter was always derisive and full of malice."
The big difference between Svengali and Mourinho is that where Svengali operated secretly, Mourinho courts publicity. We've seen examples of all the lamentable Svengali behavior from Mourinho, the cynical laughter, the sarcastic applauding of referee decisions and -- in this game -- "the gross impertinence" that ended with what was, in effect, a bullying physical assault on a Barca assistant coach.
So, in this game, there is no real need to start searching among the players, trying to find those who were guilty of dirty play, to establish who was responsible for the ensuing violence. We know enough about Mourinho now to have no doubts that it was his influence, his poisonous Svengali vibes, that were at the root of everything that caused this game to end in a shameful mass brawl.
Mourinho, unfortunately, is too often viewed as the laudable example of the first really modern coach. Young, suave, articulate, multilingual, well-dressed, successful. "Yes, I am the Special One," he proudly announced when he took over at Chelsea in 2004.
That needs pondering. It is highly unusual in modern soccer for a coach to be that honest in describing his own role. What has tended to happen, as players' salaries have skyrocketed, is that coaches, confronted by a locker room of stars earning quite a lot more than they do, have attempted to redefine the sport itself: individual talent is downgraded, superstars are snidely condemned as selfish and disruptive and we are constantly reminded, aren't we ever, that this is a TEAM game, You know, one for all and all for one.
OK -- but how, then, does this guy Mourinho come off making sure he's the focus of attention all the time, the head-line grabber supreme, precisely the team's superstar, the Special One?
We saw Mourinho in action at Chelsea, and it wasn't pretty. His unfounded accusations that forced referee Anders Fisk to endure threats to his family, and eventually led to him quitting the sport were quite simply disgusting.
That episode followed a Barcelona-Chelsea game, and it's clear that Barcelona brings out the worst in Mourinho. He cannot beat it and he reacts by leveling all manner of accusations and insults at the referees at the Barca players, even at UEFA. He is a very poor loser.
At the moment, all the criticism is of Mourinho himself, with the harshest words coming inevitably from the Barcelona camp, where animosity is at fever pitch after Mourinho poked a finger into the eye of Barca's assistant coach, Tito Vilanova. "Mourinho is a curse on our soccer in Spain," said Barca vice president Carles Vilarrubi. Defender Gerard Pique accused Mourinho of "destroying Spanish soccer."
If Real Madrid didn't know it when it appointed Mourinho as coach last year -- and there was already plenty of evidence to at least arouse their suspicions -- then it must surely know it by now: it has appointed a deeply flawed Svengali of a coach, a Special One who is doing ugly damage to Real's prestige as the greatest club in the history of soccer.
One wonders how much longer Real will put up with his deplorable excesses. After all, quite aside from image problems, if he can't beat Barcelona ...?


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dtbaker said
A lot of us cache API results for a while. A support expiry date would be nice to see (rather than just a yes/no valid support period flag). Cheers!
Yep that's the plan — a date that gets update if/when support is extended.
tips4design said
Just an idea, shouldn't it be turned on by default?
I can't be 100% certain what we did with existing users back when this was launched, but I'm pretty sure we defaulted everyone's global preference to "on".
I do know for sure that all new users have this global preference turned on by default. I've just verified this using a brand new account.
I believe the issue wasn't the preference, but that we weren't applying that preference to new purchases. As of yesterday, we are — the global preference is applied to each new purchase they make — checking or unchecking the box on the downloads page.
Going back and checking that downloads checkbox for every previous purchase is the last piece of the puzzle, but as stated when we originally launched this feature, we don't believe this is the right thing to do.
@dtbaker @simonswiss, a fix for this has gone live, with many thanks to Tao and Ronja For all new purchases from now onwards, if you have the global preference on, each individual item's checkbox on the downloads page should be on too.
Hi folks, beta badges have been added to everyone involved in the pre-launch beta testing phase. Many thanks once again
liviu_cerchez said
Hello Justin, this is a great improvement. I noticed the message sent from the Support tab doesn't contain a way to validate if the client is really a purchaser or if I received just a faked text message (with the name of the theme and the name of the client stating he purchased the theme). The email received from the profile's contact form contains that verification link, so I'm wondering if the support form can't have such validation also. I'd appreciate your thoughts on this matter, thank you.
I'll look into it today and get it live or get it on a list if it's not as easy as I'm hoping
Bending the rules a little and entering on behalf of my 5 year old daughter, even if she can't win
"This is my scary big baby vampire. He has 5 eyes, 4 teeth and a funny nose. He has big claws and teensy-weensy toes and a belly button on his giant tummy to look scarier."
"This is my monster with a hundred eyes and lots of funny teeth. It has some green goop coming out of it's mouth, hairy arms and a hundred claws and a things to help it fly. It has giant feet for kicking buildings down."
revaxarts said
I like to define an email address when people contact me (via profile) because I can forward it directly to my support system which makes things a lot easier. Hope that makes sense!
Yep, that makes sense! So you can now do this for support tab contact forms, and I think it's logical to use that same address for profile contact forms too, so we're getting there
Enabled said
Buyers are complaining their purchase codes are not working. We've tested them on our scripts that have been up and running for well over a year now, and they codes show up as invalid.
How directly related to these new features is this? Do you mean specifically the purchase codes shown on the support tab, or do you mean that in general, purchase code verification isn't working like it used to with some author's support systems?
That'll help me direct this to the right people.
2winFactor said
Any chance you can add purchase information (dates, licenses, etc) to the regular contact form emails (on the profile page)? I have a separate support forum, but users often just use my contact form. It would be great to have that info right in the email so support staff could verify purchase!
We looked into this, but it can be a LOT of information when it's not specific to one item, so we stuck with the existing link that takes you off to a page about that information.
GravityDept said
A separator/heading is needed between my support text and the "All messages are recorded…" because it looks like that's part of my support text. See http://cl.ly/Y3vP
Agreed. On it.


text:
Parish main page
Wapentake and Petty Sessional Division of Dickering - Electoral Division of Flamborough - Poor Law Union, County Court District, and Rural Deanery of Bridlington - Archdeaconry of the East Riding - Diocese of York.
This parish is situated on the northern shore of the tongue of land which terminates in Flamborough Head. Its total area, exclusive of foreshore, is 1,970 acres, and its estimated extent is 1,885 acres. The soil is of a loamy nature and very fertile, yielding excellent cereal crops. About one half of the land is laid down in pasture. The township is valued for rating purposes at £3,276, and had in 1891 a population of 310. W. H. Harrison-Broadley, Esq., J.P., J. C. Champion, Selina Champion, John Milner, Kilham, and the Rev. H. IR. S. Pearson, Lythe, Whitby, are the principal landowners.
The village stands about 3½ miles north-north-east of Bridlington, the same distance north-west of Flamborough, and near the station of its own name, on the Scarborough and Hull branch of the North-Eastern railway. The church, which is dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient structure consisting of chancel, nave with aisles, south porch and a western tower containing two bells. The nave is separated from the aisles by arcades of Norman arches springing from circular piers. The chancel was rebuilt of red brick in 1829, by Henry Broadley, the lord of the manor and patron. The church has been recently restored and much improved. The font is ancient, Bempton was one of the many villages granted to the priory of Bridlington; and it was probably by the monks of that house that the church was erected. It continued dependent on that monastery till 1474, when it was separated.* The living, formerly a perpetual curacy, is now a vicarage worth about £100 a year, in the gift of W. H. Harrison-Broadley, Esq., and held by the Rev. Nicholas McGrath, B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, who is also vicar of Speeton.
The Wesleyan chapel, a small brick building erected in 1825, stands midway between Bempton and Buckton, and will accommodate 150 persons. The Primitive Methodists have a chapel in the village, built in 1843, and enlarged in 1862. The National school was built in 1873, for the accommodation of 90 children, and is attended by about 70.
A short distance from the village, by the side of the road leading to Flamborough, are the traces of an ancient British village, consisting of about sixty pit dwellings. They are circular excavations two or three feet deep, with paved floors, now covered with several inches of soil. The roofs, we may suppose, were thatched and conical, with an aperture at the apex for the escape of the smoke.
* Sheahan's "York and the East Riding," page 441.
[Description(s) from Bulmer's History and Directory of East Yorkshire (1892)]
Scan, OCR and html by Colin Hinson. Checking and correction by Peter Nelson.


text:
Cassidy ~ADOPTED~'s Gift History
You can give away your own Rosettes or Stars by subscribing to DogsterPlus or by purchasing Zealies. Learn more about Rosettes and Stars or DogsterPlus.
Stars Received (1)
|October 2010
Stars Given
Cassidy ~ADOPTED~ has not given any Stars yet.
Rosettes Received
Cassidy ~ADOPTED~ has not received any Rosettes yet.
Rosettes Given
Cassidy ~ADOPTED~ has not given any Rosettes yet.
Special Gifts Received (1)
|November 2010
Special Gifts Given
|Cassidy ~ADOPTED~ has not given any Gifts yet.


text:
Recent Posts
- Soccer Betting Apps really do make betting better and easier!
- Premier League, FA Cup and European betting predictions for May
- Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain is 'winning' with this sizzling WAG
- FA cup replay and injury issues to hurt Man City chances in UCL and EPL?
- Arsenal or Man Utd to follow Liverpool out FA cup door?
Tag Archives: Rednecks
Wayne Rooney sent to America – First pics!
Posted on November 6, 2010 by admin
The Man Utd striker Wayne Rooney has been embroiled in a form destroying couple of months. First of all it was revealed that he had hired a prostitute while Coleen was pregnant, and then he had a very public bust-up with Alex Ferguson and Man Utd when he accused them of "lacking his ambition".
Well Man Utd have decided to give him a complete break to help him get over his ankle injury (what ankle injury) and to hide from the media while his head gets back on an even keel.
Posted in Italian WAGs | Tagged Alex Ferguson, Ambition, America First, Ankle Injury, Backwoods, Break, Bust, Even Keel, Man Utd, Medical Team, Mike Phelan, Nike, Nike Town, Niketown, Prostitute, Prying Eyes, Rednecks, Science Department, Spokesman, Sports Science, Striker, Wags, Wayne Rooney | 1 Comment


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flowers from my garden.
Belgian waffle.. there are many kinds of waffles made in Belgium, but none are called "Belgian Waffles" :)
These are not your typical breakfast waffles, so don't make them for breakfast!
or do, if you want a sweet, rich, dense treats for breakfast :D
These are deffinately NOT fluffy. It's more like a dense, buttery, sweet, soft cookie-like waffle with crunch outside. I guess the best comparison I can think of is Madeleine. It's like a denser madeleine with caramelized surface. They also get these big rock sugar (pearl sugar) and they add a nice crunch when you bite into them. NO WORRIES though, if you can't find it. I actually made my last batch without them and they are just as delicious.
Use GOOD BUTTER. That will make all the difference in the world. Also, the waffle maker I have is an old fashion one with much deeper ridges. I am sure these will come out fine with smaller ridges too! just make sure you wait to take them out until both sides are nice and caramelized.
This is my mother's recipe
125g Butter
125g Shortening
3 egg
200g Sugar
1/2 tsp salt
2Tbsp Milk
Vanilla extract
250g bread flour
* I have used all purpose flour many times in this recipe and it's totally fine. Bread flour will just make more denser cookie.
**pearl sugar goes in at the end, if you are using it. Just take the same measurement out of the regular sugar and replace it with the pearl sugar.
*** I have also used ALL butter when I dudn't have shortening, and that also works fine. Wow... what a forgiving recipe.
1. Cream your butter and shortening together in a large bowl.
2. add eggs one by one and mix it in well after each addition
3. add the sugar. Don't dump all of it at once, maybe divide into 3-4 times
4. Add in salt, vanilla and milk.
5. Add flour. Same as sugar, put in a 3rd at a time.
6. Brush some butter onto the waffle iron and put a dollop in the middle and press.
with my iron, it takes about a minute and a half per side, but you most likely have a electrical one, so I wouldn't worry about that. DO make sure that they get some nice caramelization on the surface;)
So this is what the batter looks like.
Not like a waffle batter, huh? just dollop it with a spoon.
Yes, these are my better looking ones. I did burn a few.
What pearl sugar looks like (with a tooth pick as comparison)
Take a look at the inside! moist, rich, dense... I keep repeating these words,
but that's exactly what they are!
This is my iron. good looking, huh?


text:
Before I get , I tried to find a thread for over 2 days about some diagnostics product advice, but could not find the thread I was looking for, so here goes.
I have decided that its always worth having a code reader device to hand, (should also be able to plug it into any car I want to buy in the near future and run a quick scan ). I know that in some cases its more viable to get the laptop set up (cd-rom, serial cables etc).
What do I want from it
- extract & read fault codes (ideally with a description rather than just a code number)
- offer the facility to clear fault codes
what would be desireable
- the facility to read live running data stream values
I have had a quick search on google, not found any moderately priced hand held units around the £100>£200 mark, that look like they will do the trick.
However I have seen this (Elmscan 5 bluetooh wireless kit @ £149);
http://www.espautomotive.co.uk/trolleyed/10/Whilst I am a bit slower getting to grips with bluetoothing everything, I would be happy to use a laptop, with the CD rom and cables to interact with the ECU.Brand NEW!
Wireless connection to your cars ECU - no cables to get tangled up in!
We're very pleased to be able to offer our brand new wireless diagnostics tool, which uses the well known Bluetooth system to connect wirelessly to your cars OBD2 port.
The system comes complete with everything you need including multiprotocol interface, OBD2 Cable, Bluetooth interfaces for both PC and Car and software on CD rom.
More about the interface...
Our OBD-II package includes everything you need to connect your PC to your car, interrogate it's ECU and read live engine data and read & reset engine fault codes.
Works on all OBD2 compliant cars - all petrol cars from Model year 2000 (however many cars supported OBD2 earlier than this) and diesel from model year 2003 onwards (again many diesels supported OBD2 earlier than this.
Does this seem like a decent piece of kit that I should go ahead and purchase? If not, can anyone point me in the right direction to obtain a product of this sort ideally no more than £200?


text:
Kim Kardashian Opens Millions of Milkshakes Store in Bahrain
Out for some promotional work, Kim Kardashian stopped by the opening of Millions of Milkshakes in Bahrain Manama, Bahrain on Saturday (December 1).
Looking lovely in a tasteful, yet curve-hugging blue sleeveless dress and black heels, the reality television star was boosting interest in her signature milkshake.
The opening caused quite a stir, as police had to fire tear gas at fifty protestors who were not happy with the socialite's presence. A similar situation occurred in Kuwait on Thursday.
The 32-year-old, however, did not let the protests distract her from seeing the beauty of the country. "It is my first visit to the country and I heard it was beautiful, but what I saw was beyond that," she said.
Enjoy the pictures of Kim Kardashian at the Millions of Milkshakes Bahrain opening (December 1).
Photo Credit: Wenn.com


text:
Husker Stop wallpaper's where you'll find wallpapers for your computer desktop and tablets. To set a picture as a background, just click the picture and it will open in a new window. Right click your mouse button on a wallpaper and select "save picture as" or "set as background"
→ Click To Check Your Screen Resolution ←
Wicked Shadows Art & Design has all screen sizes and more wallpaper.


text:
inside MacCentre701
* QuickTime
- H.264 and other codecs comparison
- Pro Tools/ iTunes/ QuickTime 7 bug, workaround. A workaround for users of Digidesign Pro Tools and QuickTime 7.
* Backup - our MobileMe Backup QuickPicks.
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- Sepialise Me - turns colour photos to speia photos (free).
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* iSight and iChat- information about using iSight webcam and iChat and general Mac audio/video chatting.
* AntTunes701 - iTunes Store Gateway.
Mac Talk - join our Macintosh related discussion. (forum)
15 October, 2004
iTunes Music Store sells 150 millionth download
On October 14, Apple reported selling the 150 millionth download from its iTunes Music Store since its inception a year and a half ago. The 150 millionth downloaded song from the service was reportedly "Ex-Factor" by Lauryn Hill.
Posted by Andrew T. at October 15, 2004 12:57 PM
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text:
Glycemic Optimization Treatment Study (GOT)
This study has been completed.
Information provided by:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: October 31, 2007
Last updated: July 20, 2009
Last verified: July 2009
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
To compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia events for 5 dosing algorithms of Lantus®, each of varying intensity and defined by their end-of -study target for self monitored plasma glucose(SMPG), in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, with inadequate glycemic control (A1C greater than or equal to 7.0%) on oral antidiabetic drug therapy(OAD).
|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
|Drug: Lantus®
|Phase 4
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Design Trial. Glycemia Optimization Treatment: Safety of Glucose Control Using Dosing Algorithms With Lantus®(Insulin Glargine [rDNA Origin[) in Adult Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.
Resource links provided by NLM:
Drug Information available for: Insulin glargineU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Sanofi:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- To compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia events for 5 dosing algorithms of Lantus®, each of varying intensity and defined by their end-of-study target for self monitored blood glucose (SMBG). [ Time Frame: From the start to the end of the study ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- To compare the number of subjects whose final A1c is <7.0% at the end of the study for the 5 dosing algorithms. [ Time Frame: From the start to the end of the study ]
|Study Start Date:
|March 2003
|Study Completion Date:
|March 2005
|Primary Completion Date:
|March 2005 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subjects must give their signed informed consent.
- Diagnosis of Type 2 DM for at least 6 months.
- Males and females greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
- A1c greater than or equal to 7.0%.
- Current (last 2 months) diabetes therapy with oral anti-hyperglycemia agents only.
- Demonstrated willingness and ability to inject insulin glargine.
- Able to understand and willing to comply with procedures required by the protocol and have access to a phone.
- Demonstrated ability and willingness to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and use of the algorithm calculator (AL-CAL).
- BMI greater than 25.0 kg/m2.
- Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, should be initiated on insulin therapy.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Cardiac status New York Heart Association (NYHA) III-IV (Appendix A).
- For subjects treated with metformin (Glucophager, Glucophage XRr, Glucovancer, Metaglipr , or Avandametr) plus a serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL (133 μmol/L) for males or greater than 1.4 mg/dL (124 μmoL) for females, the inability or unwillingness to discontinue these medications, and to remain off them through the entire study.
- For subjects on thiazolidinediones, the inability or unwillingness to discontinue these medications and to remain off them through the entire study.
- Planned pregnancy, pregnancy, or lactation.
- Serum creatinine greater than 3.0 mg/dL (266 μmol/L).
- Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) greater than 2.5 x the upper limit of normal range.
- Any current malignancy or cancer within the past 5 years (except adequately treated basal cell carcinoma or cervical carcinoma in situ).
- Diagnosis of dementia or mental condition rendering the subject unable to understand the nature, scope, and possible consequences of the study.
- Hypersensitivity to Lantus® insulin or any of its components.
- Any disease or condition, including the abuse of illicit drugs, prescription medicines, or alcohol that, in opinion of the sponsor/investigator, may interfere with the completion of the study.
- Current (last 2 months) insulin therapy.
- With the exception of thiazolidinediones (for all potential subjects) and for subjects who are taking metformin and have an exclusionary creatinine level, the ability or unwillingness to continue pre-study anti-hyperglycemia agents at pre-study dosages through the entire study.
The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a patient's potential participation in a clinical trial.
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00552370
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00552370
Sponsors and Collaborators
|Study Director:
|Karen Barch
More Information
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 23, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Study Director, sanofi-aventis
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00552370 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|October 31, 2007
|Last Updated:
|July 20, 2009
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Metabolic Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases
Insulin Glargine
Hypoglycemic Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 23, 2017


text:
Feb. 22, 2013
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. ----- UAB women's tennis sets its sights on a pair of weekend matches with a trip to No. 59 Auburn on Saturday, followed by the Conference USA opener against Southern Miss on Sunday.
First serve for UAB's match against the Tigers is scheduled for 6 p.m. CT, while Sunday's contest at George Ward Park is slated for 11:30 a.m. CT.
The Blazers enter the weekend with a 6-2 record after falling to Chattanooga, 5-1, on Thursday. No. 1 and No. 2 singles players Isabel Fernandez and Rachel Daniell each took their first loss of the season against the Mocs.
Auburn enters Saturday's matchup with an 8-1 record after knocking off No. 21 Texas Tech, 5-2. The win marks AU's third victory over a ranked opponent this season.
In Sunday's Conference USA opener, UAB plays a Southern Miss squad that has yet to pick up a win this season. The Golden Eagles are 0-6 on the year after falling to Tulane, 4-0, on Wednesday.
Following Sunday's clash at George Ward Park, UAB hosts USC Upstate on March 2 at 10 a.m. CT.
Fans can follow the Blazers all season long on Facebook by liking the team's official page, UAB Women's Tennis.


text:
Related Publications
- Related by Publisher
- Related by Topic
Related Links
Questions Asked by Case Workers and Their Challenge to Research
Jewish Communal Service Association of North America (JCSA), National Conference of Jewish Social Welfare, September 1950
Topic: Methodology, Social Work, Survey, Research, Scholarship, Study, Academic Research
Name of Publication: The Jewish Social Service Quarterly
Editor: Aptekar, Herbert H.
Volume/Issue: Vol. 27/no.1
Page Number(s): 105-117
Genre: Article
Coverage: United States
Language: English
Copyright Holder: Publisher
Copyright Information: Download for personal use, freely distribute link
Bibliographic Information:
Herzog, Elizabeth G. Questions Asked by Case Workers and Their Challenge to Research. The Jewish Social Service Quarterly. Jewish Communal Service Association of North America (JCSA),National Conference of Jewish Social Welfare. September 1950: 105-117. http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=5814
» View Publication
(PDF, 1.17 Mb)


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It's a foggy Sunday in 1985, and Lisa (Abigail Breslin, excellent) feels as if her suburban family are sleepwalking towards death. But then she discovers a secret passage in the basement (and receives a visit from a superbly rancid repair man) that gives her a new sense of self.
It's hard to dislike a film that has so much fun with the idea that for isolated teens, every day is like Sunday. Lisa doesn't seem to have heard of Morrissey but her musical taste is otherwise impeccable. It's a shame the modern world intrudes in the second half. Director Vincenzo Natali has absolutely no grip on the present day.
- More about:
- Actors And Actresses
- Cinema


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Actually this is a relevant post to the current situation of jobs, but it's 8 years to late. You should have posted this in 2003ish when Bush proposed his plan to turn the American economy into a services economy.<quoted text>No they didn't choose to, but due to Obama's inexperience and stupidity put them there. trying to make communism work after so many failures just goes to show the boys elevator don't go to the top.
Since 2003ish the invention of the dollar menu has created a need for services workers, to flip burgers on the grill and salting french fries.


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Laura has a B.A. in Political Science and Spanish from Lake Forest College where she was the College Republicans chapter president for two terms. After interning with the Illinois Senate Republican staff, she attended the University of Illinois College of Law where she was elected to the University Senate and served as a law school chapter president of the Federalist Society. After law school, Laura worked for Illinois Attorney General Jim Ryan in the Policy and Program Development Unit. She left the AG's office to lobby for a major insurance trade association in state capitals across the nation. Laura currently works in practice development for the Insurance and Financial Services Group at one of the world's largest law firms.
She is on the advisory board of the Financial Services and E-Commerce Practice Group and the Chicago Lawyers Chapter of Federalist Society and is a member of the Insurance Section Council of the Illinois State Bar Association. Laura is on the executive committee of Central Lakeview Neighbors.
The Federalist Society takes no position on particular legal or public policy issues. The people listed as Experts have spoken or otherwise participated in Federalist Society events, publications, or multimedia presentations. A person's appearance on this list does not imply any other endorsement or relationship between the person and the Federalist Society. All expressions of opinion by an expert are those of the expert.
Engage Volume 12, Issue 1, June 2011
June 03, 2011
November 16, 2009
February 16, 2009
February 03, 2007


text:
Move mouse over image to Zoom..
Thank you for your interest in one of our products. Unfortunately the product you selected has been discontinued. Many of our discontinued products have replacements and/or alternative products. Please call (360-379-9030) during our normal business hours (9-5 M-F, 10-5 S-S), we will be happy to assist you with possible alternatives.
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text: 1 images Women Tops Online In India / ShoppyZip Product Description Make a smart addition to your clothing collection with this top, which is made of fine quality fabric. A perfect pick for any casual occasion, it will go well with a pair of jeans and sandals. Free shipping all over India. http://www.shoppyzip.com/women-tops Call Us : +91- 80956 Clothing, Bangalore 560068 Ad posted about 20 days ago


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Sherwood Forest, Frederick County, Maryland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sherwood Forest is an unincorporated community in Frederick County, Maryland, United States.[1]
- ^ "Geographic Names Information System". Sherwood Forest (Populated Place). U.S. Geological Survey. 2009-01-29.
Coordinates: 39°23′15″N 77°14′09″W / 39.38750°N 77.23583°W
|This article about a location in Frederick County Maryland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Ready to make a move? Fatheads are movable and reusable.
We mean LIFE-SIZE! These huge decals match the true size of any athlete or character.
Genuine images of your sports or entertainment favorites. Fatheads bring life to any room!
Thoughtfully crafted by skilled Fathead team members in Detroit, Michigan.
Fathead Makes A Great Gift: If you know someone who cheers for Oklahoma City Thunder then you're looking for the right gift, Fathead has the perfect present. Give that certain someone this Kevin Durant - Fathead Jr. for their birthday, graduation, holidays or just because. This Kevin Durant - Fathead Jr. wall decal is one that any Oklahoma City Thunder fan will always remember.
Player Name: Kevin Durant
Team: Oklahoma City Thunder
Position: Forward
Born: September 29, 1988 in Washington, DC
College: Texas
Turned Pro: 2007
Awards / Notes: 2010 NBA All-Star, 2010 NBA Scoring Champion, 2010 All-NBA First Team selection, 2010 FIBA World Championship MVP, 2x H-O-R-S-E Competition Winner (2009, 2010), 2008 Rookie of the Year, 2008 NBA All-Rookie First Team selection
What Is A Fathead Junior? Fathead Jr. has all the fun action and real-life details of our REAL.BIG. Fathead Wall Graphics in a more space-friendly size. Fathead Jr. fits all kinds of spaces including doors, fridges, windows, tables, dorm rooms, etc. Kids can put them up and move them with ease. Fathead Jr. makes a great complement to Fathead Real.Big. Wall Decals.
Only valid at Fathead.com. No promo code required. Offer cannot be applied to previous purchases or already discounted items. Offer cannot be applied to previous purchases. Offer does not apply to gift cards or already discounted items. Orders of $49.99 or more and shipping within the 48 contiguous states will receive free standard shipping. The minimum purchase amount for free shipping does not include gift cards or tax. Offer may be discontinued or adjusted at Fathead's discretion.
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text:
Spices - Never leave home without them
Pros: Beautifully descript, tons of recipes, snippets of cultural background
Cons: 660 recipes have to start to overlap at some point and they do
Pros: Beautifully descript, tons of recipes, snippets of cultural background
Cons: 660 recipes have to start to overlap at some point and they do
Pros: It's always interesting to read about life in a different culture.
Cons: The book was pleasant, but not brilliant.
Pros: A great book lots of great recipes and some beautiful colour pictures, a great gift idea.
Cons: A little too big to use in the kitchen, a hybrid travel/cook/picture book.
A feast for the senses, this book explains how to add flavor, aroma, and color to create that perfect curry. Based on 20 years of research, dishes are collected from all over India and are accompanied by tantalizing photography to inspire and excite. With over 1.25 million copies sold internationally, this is the only book on the market to really explain how to make an authentic homestyle...
With more than ten reprints, it's clear cookbook author Madhur Jaffrey wins the popular vote for delicious Indian recipes that can be prepared in 30 minutes or less. Now with a beautiful new design and all-new photographs, Madhur Jaffrey's Quick & Easy Indian Cooking is ready to wow another generation of home cooks. Written by the world's foremost authority on Indian cooking,...
"I most likely never would have come across this book, but my brother knowing that I enjoyed Indian food one Christmas decided to give me this as a gift. It was one of the best gifts I have ever been given. It changed my life in a way that has been ever present, not just in food but in culture. In the way I think about the world. I had no idea the depth of which India and the cultures..." --eastshores
For this companion volume to the award-winning Hot Sour Salty Sweet, Jeffrey Alford and Naomi Duguid travel west from Southeast Asia to that vast landmass the colonial British called the Indian Subcontinent. It includes not just India, but extends north to Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal and as far south as Sri Lanka, the island nation so devastated by the recent tsunami. For people who love...
" I have always loved Indian food but like many who have never travelled to india itself i have often wondered how authentic the Indian food i have eaten actually is. This book has convinced me of one thing to truly learn about Indian food you have to go to India. Indian food is so diverse and complex that many visits are needed to get your head around this marvellous cuisine. That is..." --Waynus
Chef magazine called this book's author "the best-known ambassador of Indian food in the United States" . . . and the Boston Herald referred to her as "the renowned author and actress [who] teaches home cooks about the sophistication and infinite diversity of Indian fare." The New York Times described her simply and succinctly as "the Indian cuisine...
21x13.5x2.2 cm. - A brilliant selection of curry recipes from every corner of the Indian subcontinent.
Shamanic chefs, korma with karma, and vicious vindaloo: this curry collection sizzles with style and will tempt any taste! It follows the spice trail on its long journey from India to London, showing how several distinctive combinations of flavors have attracted gastronomes in a variety of countries. Learn the secrets of the spices and the brains behind the blends, and find out the answers to...
This easy to use cookbook is the perfect introduction to cooking Indian food in the balti way. Illustrated throughout in step-by-step detail, the book includes professional hints and tips throughout, making this book an essential for anyone who enjoys cooking curries.


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Cuba holidays all inclusive
Beautiful, passionate and never less than fascinating, colourful Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean. Bursting with character and home to sultry salsa beats, an intriguing history and unique culture, as well as soft white sand beaches, rich forests, dramatic waterfalls and a wealth of wildlife, Cuba is an ideal destination for all inclusive holidays. Choose from a host of fabulous holiday resorts on the main island and its string of offshore islands and enjoy fantastic facilities at an affordable price.
All inclusive benefits
By opting for an all inclusive package in Cuba you can feast on a tasty fusion of African, Spanish and Caribbean cuisines accompanied by the ubiquitous mojito at a choice of restaurants and enjoy the pulsating rhythms of Cuba's vibrant music scene with regular evening entertainment.
Many of our superb packages include extras such as land and watersports, scuba diving and kids' clubs. Popular resorts Sandals Royal Hicacos Resort & Spa and Paradisus Princesa Del Mar Resort & Spa offer complimentary sports instruction as well as non-motorised watersports whilst family-friendly resorts such as Blau Varadero offer a fun range of children's activities along with a kids' pool and playground.
If you are new to diving then take advantage of the introductory scuba diving lessons that a number of resorts offer, including Iberostar Laguna Azul. This can help prepare you for underwater exploration of Cuba's spectacular reefs.
All inclusive Cuba honeymoons
With a sub-tropical climate and picture-perfect setting where gently swaying coconut trees shade endless powdery white sand beaches lapped by warm cerulean waters, it is no wonder that Cuba is an alluring year-round honeymoon destination. The idyllic Cayos dot the ocean off the north coast of Cuba and offer a paradisiacal tropical setting and blissful seclusion – ideal for romance. Opt for an all inclusive resort with an adults-only policy, such as Melia Cayo Coco, for complete relaxation.
The livelier beach resort of Varadero is another popular honeymoon destination. Just two hours from Havana, it is an ideal base for combining relaxation with the unique style and cultural charms of the capital.
Spa all inclusive
Choose from our enticing selection of spa hotels for added indulgence. The Melia Buenavista Royal Service & Spa offers luxurious extras including butler service and a complimentary mini-massage. Or splash out on a Royal spa room at the Iberostar Ensenachos and enjoy a spa gift, facial and body massage.
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Big Freedia, a New Orleans-based bounce rapper, was just one of the many surprises heard on Beyonce's hypnotic, new single, "Formation."
The song, which was released on Saturday ahead of the Super Bowl, immediately grabbed fans and the media's attention alike with its powerful messages -- from Beyonce celebrating her blackness to images of a post-Katrina New Orleans and police brutality in the accompanying music video -- and its suggestive and quotable lyrics. (Red Lobster, anyone?)
MORE: All of Beyonce's Haute Couture Looks From 'Formation' Music Video
If that wasn't enough, at the 1:10 mark, Big Freedia comes roaring on the track. "I came to slay," she declares in a spoken interlude, "I like cornbreads and collard greens."
If listeners didn't know who she was, they do now. Star of the Fuse reality series, Big Freedia: Queen of Bounce, the rapper has helped popularize bounce music -- a signature sound of the rap scene in NOLA -- with the help of RuPaul and Diplo and even opened for The Postal Service on the band's 2013 reunion tour.
MORE: Beyonce's NSFW Lyric About Red Lobster Helped Boost Restaurant's Sales
Even Beyonce herself is a fan.
Having seen Big Freedia in concert and spent time with her backstage, it comes as no surprise the 34-year-old singer handpicked her to appear on the record. "After she explained it to me, I was dying in my own skin," Freedia tells ETonline, explaining the Beyonce's song was all about the singer reclaiming her southern roots. "She said that she had come to play. And that was it."
Only provided with a snippet of the track, Freedia immediately went to work, recording a verse and some ad-libs. "I was ready," Freedia says before coming back with some New Orleans slang for added flavor. Three days later, the track was released on Tidal.
Although she can't officially say what will happen with her unused recording, Freedia promises something is in the works. "Something definitely has brewed from me being on the track," she teases.
MORE: Beyonce Drops Bombshell Moments After Super Bowl Halftime: She's Going on Tour!
While "Formation" was largely about Beyonce revisiting her roots, the song also touched on larger themes of race, gender and sexuality. For Freedia, speaking out on the issue of police brutality was especially impactful.
"It's very important that she has this platform to keep speaking on," Freedia says. "Police brutality is still happening all over the world, and they try to brush it under the rug, but it's still a big issue. It still needs to be dealt with."
"It hit home with a lot people," Freedia adds, saying the entire NOLA community is behind the track. "The whole city is just gagging."
MORE: Beyonce Tells ET That She 'Wanted People to Feel Proud' of 'Formation'
As for what's next for Freedia, the rapper has five shows scheduled between now and April and a new single, "I Heard," on the horizon. The fifth season of Queen of Bounce returns to Fuse in the summer.
And as new fans still get to know the rapper, she says her sound should be experienced live. "It's awesome, because I get to bring New Orleans with me," Freedia says.


text:
Mission drift or strategic shift? Group formation strategies within MEPs
Chu, Vien & Luke, Belinda G. (2012) Mission drift or strategic shift? Group formation strategies within MEPs. Journal of International Development, 24(8), pp. 1042-1045.
Microenterprise development programs (MEPs) have been recognised as a valuable way to help the poor engage in micro-businesses (Green et al., 2006; Vargas, 2000), presenting a way out of poverty (Choudhury et al., 2008; Strier, 2010). Concerns have been raised however, that the benefits of MEPs often don't reach the extremely poor (Jones et al., 2004; Midgley, 2008; Mosley and Hulme, 1998; Nawaz, 2010; Pritchett, 2006). Balancing reach of these programs with depth is a challenging task. Targeting as many poor people as possible often results in MEPs focusing on the upper or middle poor, overlooking the most challenging group. As such, MEPs have been criticised for mission drift – losing sight of the organisation's core purpose; assisting those more likely to succeed.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|micro enterprise programs, mission drift, Vietnam
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > COMMERCE MANAGEMENT TOURISM AND SERVICES (150000)
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > QUT Business School
Current > Schools > School of Accountancy
|Deposited On:
|13 Nov 2012 22:26
|Last Modified:
|14 Nov 2012 21:36
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text:
Welcome to Defensive Carry The best forum for sharing ideas and experience.
Help us keep this forum great. Remember the Golden Rule: Please treat others as you want to be treated.
I am from Kansas.
This is a discussion on New member from Ohio within the New Members Introduce Yourself forums, part of the Welcome To DefensiveCarry.com category; Welcome from Texas!...
Welcome to Defensive Carry The best forum for sharing ideas and experience.
Help us keep this forum great. Remember the Golden Rule: Please treat others as you want to be treated.
I am from Kansas.
Welcome from SW Ohio.
Fortes Fortuna Juvat
Former, USMC 0311, OIF/OEF vet
NRA Pistol/Rifle/Shotgun/Reloading Instructor, RSO, Ohio CHL Instructor
Welcome from South Carolina...
Sometimes in life you have to stand your ground. It's a hard lesson to learn and even most adults don't get it, but in the end only I can be responsible for my life. If faced with any type of adversity, only I can overcome it. Waiting for someone else to take responsibility is a long fruitless wait.
Welcome aboard from the great state of Pennsylvania!
Hello! Welcome from Southeast Kansas!
Welcome from Wisconsin!
USN Submarine & UDT/SEAL Veteran
1SG, US Army Retired - Airborne Infantry All the Way!
Retired PI/Armed Security
Welcome from Western Kentucky.
Vietnam Veteran - 1966-1970 USASA
Carry Pistol. FNS 9, 9mm.
Carry Pistol. FNX 40, .40 Cal.
Bersa Thunder 9 UC Pro, 9mm. Gave To Daughter To Carry.
Self Defense Stories
Give me a minute before I post again.
EOD - Initial success or total failure
Welcome Aboard and Greetings from Rocky Top Tennessee
When you accept mediocrity you sow the seeds for future failure.
One should never confuse good fortune with good training.
Illegitimus Non Carborundum. In God we trust.
Welcome to Defensive Carry from Olympia, WA; in the Great Pacific Northwest!
Only two defining forces have ever died for you.....
1. Jesus Christ.
2. The American Soldier, Sailor, Airman, Marine, and Coast Guardsman.
One died for your soul, the other for your freedom!
Welcome fellow Buckeye. GO BUCKS


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Solar Sailer
Features of This Trackelectronica roots
ambient soundscapes
new age influences
classical influences
a thru-composed verse
the use of chordal patterning
emphasis on instrumental performance
inventive instrumental arrangements
a slow moving bass line
orchestral arrangements
arpeggiated synths
subtle use of staccato synths
effected synths
radio friendly stylings
a synth-acoustic sonority
an emphasis on instrumentation
and many other similarities identified in the Music Genome Project
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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relaxation is who you are.
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text:
The easiest way to demonstrate the effect of changing depth of field is with some example shots. For some reason I've never been able to explain, every photography textbook I've ever read, and even my university lecturer, used photos of a row of chess pieces to illustrate this, so just to be different I'm going to use my favourite model cars.
This shot was taken using a medium telephoto lens set on a focal length of 43mm, and the front of the Aston Martin DB5 (the silver one in the middle), the point on which the camera is focused, is approximately one metre from the camera. The aperture is set to f4, which is the maximum for this lens, producing the smallest possible depth of field. As you can see only the right front wing of the Aston Martin and the back of the Lotus Esprit (the red one at the front) are in focus. The depth of field for this shot is about 10cm.
The attractive look of the out of focus sections is called bokeh. It's an effect that's particularly desirable for shooting portraits where you want to make your beautiful subject standout from the background. A 'fast' lens with a wide aperture (f4 and lower) is the easiest way of creating this.
By reducing the aperture by two stops to f8, the depth of field is slightly increased, to about 20cm. Now the lettering on the Lotus' tyres is readable, although the classic 1937 Jaguar SS100 (the green one) is still very blurred.
Reducing the aperture to its smallest setting of f22 maximises the depth of field. In this shot everything looks sharp. You can even read the number plate on the Jaguar.


text:
Fiction: Safe Under the Stars (primary)
�Can we look at the stars before bed?� Pat asked. An realistic fiction reading comprehension.
= Member Site Document
Members > Common Core Standards > English Language Arts (ELA) > Grade 1 > Reading > Foundational Text
Similar documents we think you'll enjoy on abcteach...= Member Access


text:
Z3 Fan switch oring?
Replacing my radiator and just removed the fan switch and there was no oring. Should there be? The Bently manual says to replace the oring. Thanks
2000 Z3 2.3 with 2.5l motor.
RealOEM.com shows one. PN 32411093596
They also show the dimensions (A14x20), so you might be able to find one locally.
Thanks for the reply, Blacklane. Realoem shows one on the 2.8 nd 1.9, but not on my specific motor. I was told by an online retailer, that it was not used on my application. So, since it came w/o it from the factory (as far as I know, no one had ever touched it), I went back w/o it. Did not seem to be leaking befote....I'm probably being a little overly concerned about it. Thanks again.
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Car Next Door lets you rent your neighbour's vehicle from $5 an hour or $25 a day, fully insured.
White Street, Cremorne VIC
Owner: Kim
Transmission: Manual
Hourly Rate: $5.00
Daily Rate: $25.00
Rate per km: $0.33 (includes fuel)
The car is great for driving and parking - but the boot is pretty little. There is an iPhone 6 charger and a radio tuner/i-trip type thing (which it only really works when you get out of town).
76 Total trips