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Fancy, impractical innovations may give way to more affordable products at this year's Comdex trade show, although state-of-the-art technology will still be on display. National Semiconductor CEO Brian Halla says the tech industry's recovery is likely to be driven by technology that supports Internet connectivity, a view shared by Comdex keynote speakers such as Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, Sun Microsystems CEO Scott McNealy, and Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina. Wi-Fi wireless Internet technology seems poised to dominate the conference; once such product is Microsoft's Mira display, which is portable and stays linked to PCs via Wi-Fi. Gates predicts that wireless Internet connectivity will eventually be embedded into practically any type of device. Also to be showcased at Comdex will be Intel's 3 GHz Pentium 4 microprocessor and Advanced Micro Devices' Hammer chip line. Other technologies that will be promoted at the conference include National Semiconductor's Geode Extended Office, a handheld computer that comes with a complete Windows XP operating system. Also on hand at Comdex will be Nvidia's long-awaited GeForceFx graphics chip, which boasts 125 million transistors, can support more lifelike animation, and will run twice as fast as rival chips from ATI Technologies, according to sales executive Dan Vivoli.
Both large and small companies are investing in wireless Internet technologies such as Wi-Fi, which are being touted as the next major communications advance, promising anytime, anywhere high-speed Internet access. San-Francisco-based Vivato, for example, has a Wi-Fi antenna that more than a thousand people can access from as far off as four miles; Surf and Sip and Boingo Wireless are pursuing the establishment of Wi-Fi "hot spot" networks; and Intel, IBM, and AT&T's Project Rainbow is dedicated to setting up even larger Wi-Fi networks in U.S. metropolitan areas. The development of Wi-Fi has been nurtured by the federal government's decision to reserve a small area of unlicensed radio spectrum that anyone complying with a small set of rules could share. Wi-Fi proponents expect the next major development will be "location-aware" communications services. Meanwhile, Wi-Fi is a hot area of development and entrepreneurism in an otherwise muted Silicon Valley. Wireless Internet technology could flourish even more if a recent FCC recommendation for a more flexible consumer-centered policy that favors systems that boost radio spectrum efficiency and simplify the creation of new digital wireless services is institutionalized. Some economists believe that the pace of innovation will be ratcheted up by such a development, but Gregory L. Rosston of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research warns that Wi-Fi could cause airwave congestion. Furthermore, Silicon Valley-based digital wireless entrepreneurs caution that the major wired Internet players are likely to resist such a huge paradigm shift.
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A Northwestern University research team led by Prem Kumar and Horace Yuen have developed a quantum encryption technique in which bundles of photons are transmitted over a fiber-optic line at 250 Mbps, which the scientists estimate surpasses the speed of current quantum technology by more than 1,000 times. The method uses "secret key" cryptography, in which both sender and receiver possess the same key; the sender would manipulate light with the key to build a more intricate pattern than the conventional technique of representing data as zeros and ones. Light granularity, or quantum noise, is also used by the method--by randomly polarizing the light, for example, the researchers change the granularity, and thus render the message unbreakable by eavesdroppers; the message is destroyed whenever the eavesdropper disturbs the photons. Still, quantum-encrypted messages can only be transmitted over dedicated fiber-optic lines, and only over distances no greater than approximately 90 kilometers. IBM, NEC, and Verizon Communications are just a few of the firms working to solve this problem, and advocates believe that the military, intelligence, and finance sectors are likely to replace their current algorithm-based encryption technologies with quantum encryption once these breakthroughs are achieved. Although Alexei Trifonov of Magiq Technologies says that quantum cryptography will end the "vicious circle" in which the latest encryption algorithms are continuously challenged by code breakers, critics worry that quantum computing could allow malicious parties who have stolen sensitive data encrypted by impenetrable mathematical algorithms to finally crack the code. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is funding the Northwestern research, while Kumar says that his team is collaborating with BBN Technologies and Telcordia Technologies to commercialize their breakthrough.
Open source software has more security holes than Microsoft software, according to an Aberdeen Group report. The report backs up its conclusions with findings from the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), in which 16 out of 29 advisories issued in the first 10 months of 2002 were related to open source and Linux software; in contrast, Microsoft software accounted for only seven reported problems. CERT also reports that the number of Trojan horse and virus advisories revolving around Microsoft applications fell from six in 2001 to zero in the first 10 months of 2002. Aberdeen Group research director Eric Hemmendinger, who co-authored the report, notes that the greater number of open source vulnerabilities runs counter to the assumption that Microsoft software has the weakest security. He attributes the rise in open source security flaws to a lack of a quality assurance testing entity. Meanwhile, Hemmendinger believes that the shrinkage of Microsoft security problems could demonstrate that the company's increased emphasis on security is having a noticeable effect. "[T]here have been a number of things that have gone on [in Microsoft] over the last couple years reflecting that they know security matters, and that they had to pay attention to it," he declares. Hemmendinger anticipates that Microsoft security problems will either continue to fall or plateau, while open source security advisories will continue to rise.
Most of the security headaches associated with Wi-Fi stem from users failing to activate the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption program, but the program itself is not immune to hacker attacks. That is why cryptography consultant Niels Ferguson developed Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), which verifies authentic users and blocks access to unauthorized users via mathematical algorithms. However, Ferguson admits that WPA is susceptible to denial of service (DoS) attacks, including a unique form of assault in which a hacker sends two packets of unauthorized data during a one-second period, thus convincing the system it is under siege and triggering self-deactivation. Computer consultant Arnold Reinhold adds that several attacks could cut wireless users off from their networks for a minute at a time, while tracking down the culprits would be difficult. Furthermore, Ferguson and Wi-Fi Alliance members note that end users may not even notice such an attack, given its speed and how easy it could be to launch. Reinhold posits a scenario in which a retailer would resort to such an attack in order to sabotage a rival whose business operations rely on wireless communication--one of several worries that have made many businesses reluctant to adopt Wi-Fi networks. Nevertheless, analysts say that Wi-Fi will continue to penetrate markets such as college campuses and households despite its security drawbacks.
Users with old PCs that they no longer want or can use can donate them to the nonprofit World Computer Exchange (WCE), which gives them to students in developing nations. Donors receive tax deductions and do not have to worry about paying recycling fees, while Richard Gingras, who heads the WCE's Bay Area branch, says the organization collaborates with recipient nations to "make sure the educational implementations within each country are appropriately planned and appropriately funded." WCE has shipped 4,000 units to 585 schools in Asia and Africa since its inception in March 2000, while hardware donated at a weekend event hosted by the Bay Area branch will go to the Republic of Georgia; other countries that may soon receive old computers include Bolivia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. WCE has also worked out deals in which it receives volume donations from companies that are replacing their older PCs with newer systems. Computers are usually shipped with their operating systems intact, but if donors remove the hard drive for security reasons, WCE installs a copy of the free Linux OS. Gingras estimates that it costs an average of $75 to collect, process, ship, and install a computer, and this money is provided by sponsors in the recipient countries, such as universities, foundations, or government grants. Goa Schools Computers Project representative Daryl Martyris says that, with the help of the Exchange, his organization has supplied 380 computers in community Internet centers in 100 schools. WCE recommends that 10 percent of the donated computers be used for spare parts.
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Open-source software continues to make headway despite the boom and subsequent bust in the technology sector, primarily because open-source developers are best motivated by elements unassociated with IPOs or marketability. AbiWord, donated to the free software community after its parent company surrendered the effort of trying to make money with it, is one example of the sustainability of open-source software. The word processing program is improved upon continually as contributing developers from around the world submit new feature updates and add-ons. AbiWord is also available for free download from the AbiSource Web site. Developers communicate on the IRC channel #abiword, encouraging one another and sharing technical details about the ever-improving program. AbiWord, along with other desktop open-source applications, does not have the same potential for influencing the corporate IT market as open-source system software, for example, but the project endures because of the dedication of its contributors. University of Melbourne particle physicist Martin Sevior says he decided to join the AbiWord effort after finding the application more useful than others in opening different file formats. He says the people he found working on AbiWord also drew him to work on the project, and now he is in charge of making tables work on the program. Erik Sink, founder of AbiSource, the company which spawned AbiWord, says open-source work is good for unemployed coders because they can hone their skills while enhancing their resume.
The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology today will unveil a new design for a campus-wide supercomputer that will place an optical router at the center of the system, allowing for some information sharing to take place at the speed of light. Using a grid computing design, the new "optiputer" will initially feature about 500 Intel microprocessors running the Linux operating system and linked to an optical switching system. The California Institute, led by Dr. Larry Smarr, is a joint venture of the University of California at Irvine and the University of California at San Diego, which will house the optiputer. Unlike in traditional computing systems, the optiputer's optical communications lines makes the processors the slower link in the supercomputer system. Smarr says, "We're moving to an optical-centric world in which the computers are slow things and you reluctantly add them in."
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Marc Andreessen, Netscape pioneer and co-founder of automated software firm Ospware, says technology is becoming cheaper and more useful for companies as it moves toward commoditization. Linux, the open-source software that can run any UNIX application, and Intel-based servers are examples of what Andreessen predicts will be the future of IT. He says that companies whose business models leverage commoditization will do well, while other companies will have to adapt by creating highly specialized and intelligent software or developing technologies to handle growing IT infrastructure. Andreessen says the Internet has exceeded his expectations in terms of its breadth and use. He admits that not even those who were responsible for developing pioneering Internet technologies anticipated correctly how the Internet would take off, but nearly everyone wrongly expected interactive television to be the next disruptive technology. Over the coming years, Andreessen predicts that ideas for new technologies will continue to come from skilled teenagers who have innovative ideas, such as the file-trading network Napster--except that those teenagers will not be based in the United States, but in China, Russia, Indonesia, and other places where the Internet has given them the knowledge and tools necessary to innovate. He forecasts that a decade from now, "there's going to be a lot more software in the world than there is today."
A year ago, a report from the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) commissioned by the federal CIO Council concluded that there is a dearth of IT personnel across the United States, a situation that will be exacerbated by the imminent retirement of about 50 percent of the current federal IT workforce in the next five years. Adding to the difficulty is inadequate government funding of IT training and continuous education, a prolonged hiring process, and lower salaries than those offered by private industry. Ira Hobbs, co-chair of the CIO Council's IT workforce and human capital for IT committee, observes that the dot-com shakeout was not a windfall for the government because many professionals late of failed startups were hired for the same or similar positions they had before they left. In order to reverse the federal IT shortage, the NAPA panel recommended key changes to the employment system, including competitive nonpay benefits, the development of a learning culture, market-driven pay, a more simplified recruiting and hiring process, and managerial flexibility. The establishment of a Homeland Security Department, which is ever more likely thanks to Republican victories in the mid-term elections, will have 170,000 employees and the need for an information framework that will require a huge IT contribution. Experts say that leadership and teamwork across all management levels is critical if the ranks of federal IT employees are to swell. Hobbs declares that the NAPA report brought the federal IT workforce issue out of the domain of "anecdotal conversation by different people at different times and brought qualitative analysis by a well-respected organization."
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is soliciting research proposals into cognitive computer systems, and Ronald J. Brachman of the agency's Information Processing Technology Office expects to have a viable concept ready within three to five years. Such a system would be self-aware and capable of self-maintenance, could learn from experience and adapt to changing conditions, and be able to anticipate and plan responses to multiple future scenarios. Brachman adds that such capabilities could be used to predict actions by terrorists or business rivals, in order to develop effective countermeasures. He also notes that soldiers in battlefields or civilians involved in disaster response could be helped or even replaced by such systems. Other advantages of a cognitive system include no need for training. "DARPA research tends to be visionary, and [although it] provides building blocks for future weapons systems, there's also applicability throughout society," explains artificial intelligence expert and Kurzweil Technologies CEO Raymond Kurzweil. Brachman says that self-testing software, speech recognition, and machine learning could provide the building blocks of self-aware systems. DARPA is courting neurologists, psychologists, philosophers, and others in order to conceive of safeguards that would prevent cognitive systems from going out of control.
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A faster wireless LAN specification that will boost data transmission speeds up from 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps is expected to gain much attention at Comdex Fall next week. Analysts say the still unratified specification, IEEE 802.11g, should boost the use of a variety of data-intensive, multimedia applications. Chip manufacturers Broadcom and Intersil, along with their device partners, are planning to unveil new 802.11g technologies at next week's Comdex Fall 2002 show. Unlike 802.11a, the new standard does not require companies to replace their existing wireless LAN infrastructure, only the radio card in access points. Users who have 802.11b interface cards can still use the updated access points because both standards work on the 2.4 GHz frequency, but they will not be able to reach the 54 Mbps data rate afforded by 802.11g, which translates to about 19 Mbps under normal conditions. The new standard will allow for higher speeds while still offering the longer range of 802.11b, unlike the fairly recent 802.11a standard, which operates at 5 GHz. The 2.4 GHz range is crowded, however, with interference from cordless phones, Bluetooth chips, and other wireless household devices. IEEE is expected to give final approval to 802.11g in March, and the Wi-Fi Alliance plans to begin testing device compatibility soon after the standard passes. Gartner analyst Ken Dulaney suggests that administrators keep their existing 802.11b infrastructure in place and include 802.11g in their vendor request for proposals only after the interoperability issues are defined by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
The microchip manufacturing process that takes place in supposedly ultra-sterile clean rooms involves a massive consumption of hazardous chemicals, water, and toxins that has prompted environmental groups and employees to allege that working in clean rooms carries considerable health risks that could even lead to death in some cases. Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing an environmentally safe chip-manufacturing process that could save money and help shrink the size of wafers even further. The traditional photolithographic technique of chip production requires the application of a photoresist layer on the chip's surface prior to circuit etching; excess resist is later scoured away by toxic compounds and rinsed off by water, while isopropyl alcohol is used in the drying process to prevent defect-causing residue buildups. In Los Alamos' supercritical carbon dioxide resist remover (Scorr) process, the toxic chemicals are replaced with supercritical carbon dioxide, which removes the resist much faster and leaves behind almost no residue. Unlike water, supercritical carbon dioxide has no surface tension, so it is able to remove residue from smaller spaces, which would be a significant advantage in the manufacturing of smaller chips--in fact, IBM has embarked on a pilot program in its East Fishkill, NY, semiconductor factory to prove the effectiveness of the process. Furthermore, machines that support the Scorr process are considerably less expensive than conventional rinse-and-cleanse presses. The process could be especially beneficial for Intel, whose chip plant in drought-plagued Rio Rancho, N.M., consumes 4.9 million gallons of water each day and produces noxious vapors that have allegedly caused serious medical problems for people living in the vicinity.
Scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) used in scientific research to measure and manipulate nanoparticles are being adopted by industry for industrial production and quality control. Classes of SPMs include scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) that can image the atomic structure of conducting and semiconducting surfaces, and are used by the semiconductor industry to study layer growth; scanning near-field optical microscopes (SNOMs), which are used to characterize and analyze optoelectronic and telecommunications applications, and can measure very delicate structures; and atomic force microscopes (AFMs), which can facilitate a three-dimensional image of surface structures with atomic-scale resolution. Variants of the ATM with industrial uses include the magnetic force microscope (MFM), which can determine the location of surface defects and is used for quality control in the data-storage industry, while the friction force microscope (FFM) analyzes chemical properties and is used to study machine part interaction and surfaces. The research and industrial SPM market is dominated by Veeco, which sells AFMs to semiconductor manufacturers who use them to measure circuit features during production. Meanwhile, conducting atomic force microscopy is an advantageous method for measuring transistors and other minuscule electronic components so that developers can gain nanometer-sized insights on production processes. Speed, not price, is the main obstacle to industrial deployment of SPMs. One issue that may also be hindering SPM adoption is a lack of standards, but American, European, and Japanese standards experts recently convened at England's National Physical Laboratory to discuss standards guidelines for SPM operations, tip calibration, and more interlaboratory comparisons of SPM measurements.
French scientist Eric Bonabeau has devised "ant algorithms" based on his study of social insects, and consultancies are using them in a variety of applications. In his book, "Swarm Intelligence," he posits that the social organization of ants could be applied to businesses in order to make them more efficient. His algorithms simulate the movements and interactions of an organization's employees, products, and clients, a technique known as "agent-based modeling." French gas company Air Liquide, with the help of Santa Fe's Biosgroup, employed such algorithms to improve its supply chain: By programming trucks to find and outline the shortest delivery routes so that subsequent trucks can retrace them--much like foraging ants leave pheromone trails--Air Liquide was able to save time and manpower in the organization of its delivery schedules. Meanwhile, Bonabeau's Icosystem company is employed by the U.S. Office of Naval Research to simulate the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles in an effort to improve communications and pave the way for smarter vehicle designs. Icosystem is also working to speed up Eli Lilly's drug delivery time by up to 80 percent by building a model of the firm's clinical development processes. Bonabeau acknowledges that adoption and implementation of his methods requires managers to cede a certain amount of control, and make considerable investments in information and expertise. Meanwhile, IBM and an EU-funded project at the Santa Fe Institute are undertaking agent-based modeling.
Three technologies--HyperTransport, PCI Express, and RapidIO--are competing in the race for standard chip-to-chip interconnects that offer improvements over PCI, which loses performance as data speed increases. Gabriele Sartori of the HyperTransport Technology Consortium declares that HyperTransport I/O link technology--which has significantly penetrated the networking and communications markets--is fast, flexible, scalable, cost-effective, and can support existing infrastructure while setting up infrastructure for future high-bandwidth systems; over 30 HyperTransport products have been approved or are being shipped, and many industry players support the standard. Other advantages of the scheme include support for streaming digital video and real-time voice, a lower data-transmission voltage requirement than conventional low-power I/O technologies, and availability. PC-SIG's Ramin Neshati writes that the differential signaling-based PCI Express is "a standard, serial I/O technology that allows for modular, scalable platforms that enhance system reliability, design flexibility, and ease-of-use" as well as offers a high degree of performance scalability that should last through to the next decade. The architecture should provide ample bandwidth to comply with the various requirements of multiple market segments spanning the computing and communications sectors; the technology also boasts easy deployment, low cost, and sophisticated performance, and is already available. Sam Fuller of the RapidIO Trade Association explains that no volume semiconductor elements currently exist that can serve both the desktop computing market and the high-performance embedded market, and RapidIO was developed to address the interconnect technology needs of the latter. "RapidIO is an open standard, available for adoption by all vendors of embedded products, and it is well supported and enabled by the leaders of the embedded industry," he writes. The scheme's developers collaborated with embedded-systems designers to make the architecture capable of supporting, among other things, direct peer-to-peer communication between devices; standard electrical I/O technology; distributed globally shared memory; and error detection and recovery protocol.
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Behind the Scenes of MasterCard commercial
Tom Watson, Ian Poulter and Brandt Snedeker offer a behind-the-scenes look at the newest MasterCard commercial shot on a rainy day at TPC Sawgrass.
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PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, Web.com Tour, and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks.
Web.com is also a registered trademark used here with permission, and used in the Web.com Tour logo with permission.

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text: where the best and the brightest gather...welcome to the Hampton Inn Dumfries. Everyone here at the Hampton Inn hotel in Dumfries tends to feel pretty secure. Why? Well, with the FBI Academy on the one hand and Quantico Marine Corps Base on the other, our hotel in Dumfries is surrounded by the nation's elite forces. In addition to those federal facilities, there's plenty to do and see in town. From excellent shopping at the Potomac Mills Outlet Mall to fascinating history at the Weems-Botts Museum, our town has more than its fair share of great thing to do. And our hotel in Dumfries is in the center of it all. So come visit us at the Hampton Inn hotel in Dumfries, where the best and the brightest gather. services & amenities Here at the Hampton Inn Dumfries, we're passionate about taking good care of you. That's why we offer a broad range of services and amenities to make your stay exceptional. Whether you're planning a corporate meeting or need accommodations for a family reunion or your child's sporting group, we're delighted to offer you easy planning and booking tools to make the process quick and organized.* Meetings & Events * Local Restaurant Guide


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Use your words with our styles, shapes and colors. Ordering is fast & easy, and you can order just the amount you need!
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Below are the entry requirements for the various programs. Some programs have more specific requirements e.g. Medicine. These information can be found in the detailed section of the actual programs.
Postgraduate Programmes:
At least a Bachelor's degree, 2nd Class honors (Upper Division) or its equivalent from a recognized university.
Undergraduate Programmes:
KCSE C+ (plus) or equivalent.
Diploma Programmes:
KCSE C or its equivalent
Certificate Programmes:
KCSE C- (minus) or its equivalent
Special Certificate Programmes:
Inquire from Academic Registrar
Pre-University Programme:
KCSE C- (Minus) or its equivalent
Find out How to Apply Here


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Medicare Auction Conference, Inn and Conference Center [Program in pdf, Register]
University of Maryland, Friday, 1 April 2011
Registration and Breakfast (8am)
- Welcome (8:30am)
– Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland
– Jonathan Blum, Deputy Administrator, CMS
- A proposed auction approach for Round 2 (9am), Peter Cramton
– How it works
– Why it addresses the problems of the current CMS approach (Round 1 Rebid)
Morning break (9:45am)
- Auction demonstration (10:15am), Peter Cramton and Larry Ausubel, University of Maryland
A mock auction is conducted with all participants using the proposed rules and a commercial auction platform. Each team is given a specific business plan and asked to maximize profits. There are four steps:
- Description of the mock auction environment
- Description of the auction platform and the mechanics of bidding
- Running of the auction (first few rounds)
Lunch (12:15pm) occurs after approximately 1 or 2 rounds of bidding
- Running of the auction (remaining rounds) (1:15pm)
- Presentation of auction results
- First panel: Sustainability, market structure, and beneficiary choice (2:15pm)
Moderated by Lance Leggitt, Chair, Federal Health Policy, Baker Donelson
Paul Gabos, Chief Financial Officer, Lincare
Amy Law, Vice President Government and Healthcare Strategy, KCI, Inc.
Nancy Lutz, Program Director, Economics, National Science Foundation
Joel Marx, Chairman, Medical Service Company
Zachary Schiffman, President, United States Medical Supply
Afternoon break (3pm)
- Second panel: Product design and ensuring performance (3:30pm)
– Optimization of products and regions
– Financial guarantees (bid and performance bonds or deposits)
Moderated by Thomas Milam, Member of Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC)
Cara Bachenheimer, Senior Vice President Government Relations, Invacare Corporation
Michael Iskra, Chief Operating Officer, Simplex Healthcare
Scott Lloyd, Co-founder and President, Extrakare LLC
Mike Pfister, Executive Vice President Government Affairs, The SCOOTER Store
John Shirvinsky, Executive Director, Pennsylvania Association of Medical Suppliers
- Final panel: What have we learned? (4:15pm)
Moderated by Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland
Tom Bradley, Chief, Medicare Cost Estimates, Congressional Budget Office
Walt Gorski, Vice President, Government Affairs, American Association for Homecare
Nancy Johnson, 24-year Congresswoman (R-CT), Senior Public Policy Advisor, Baker Donelson
Thomas Kruse, President and CEO, Hoveround Corporation
Evan Kwerel, Senior Economic Advisor, Federal Communications Commission
Wayne Sale, Chairman, NAIMES, and President and CEO, Health First
Conference end (5pm)


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Internal Revenue Bulletin: 2004-32
August 9, 2004
Table of Contents
TEFRA partnership; disregarded entity; pass-thru partner; tax matter partner. This ruling addresses whether a disregarded entity partner will disqualify a partnership from being a "small partnership" excluded from the TEFRA partnership provisions. The ruling also addresses whether a disregarded entity may be designated as the tax matters partner of a partnership.
This document provides that certain eligible entities may request relief for a late S corporation election and a late election to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation within 18 months of the original due date of the S corporation election (but in no event later than 6 months after the due date of the tax return, excluding extensions, for the first year the entity intended to be an S corporation).
|More Internal Revenue Bulletins


text: I was wondering if anyone has had this problem. I have a 83 Monte Carlo. 9in rear with 6.20 gear. running a 3/8 mile D track with low banking in corners. Springs are lf1100, rf1200 rr250, lr 200 (those are the numbers, not sure whether thats exactly where there at, though). I have jack bolts in the rear only. I run Pure Stock. I ran the car for the first time this past weekend and entering the corners was good, but coming out of the corners i would slide up to the top. losing bite or something when coming out. Any help would be greatly appreciated.


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All youth need opportunities to develop leadership skills. By learning to interact with others and becoming engaged members of their communities, youth learn that they can make a difference.
In order for youth to be prepared to work in partnership with adults, they need to develop and/or enhance their leadership skills. Leadership education prepares youth to:
•manage time
•work as a team
•set goals
•start conversations
•facilitate meetings
Kentucky farmers have battled weeds resistant to herbicides containing glyphosate for the past decade. A recent survey of agriculture and natural resource agents with the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service indicates these weeds are becoming more widespread.
Marestail (also known as horseweed), Palmer amaranth and waterhemp are examples of weeds that are not being controlled with glyphosate. All three weeds can pose problems for soybean growers according to James Martin, UK Weed Science Specialist.
Monday, Feb. 27: Corn dog, *toasted cheese, baby carrots w/dip, baked beans, potato smiles, mandarin oranges, fresh fruit
Tuesday, Feb. 28: Taco salad, *beef or chicken, lettuce, tomato, salsa/cheese, corn, corn chips, pineapple, fresh fruit
Wednesday, Feb. 29: Chicken tenders, *manager's choice, baked potato, broccoli w/cheese sauce, fruit cup/fresh fruit, roll
Thursday, Mar. 1: Baked spaghetti casserole, *quesadilla, tossed salad, peas, pineapple, garlic cheese bread stick, fresh fruit
Project Prom in Trimble County has been scheduled for Saturday, April 28, 2012 at Trimble County High School. Project Prom is a community-wide effort to help young people celebrate their Prom substance free. This year's Project Prom's theme will be "Party of the Century", as this year will mark the 100th graduating class at Trimble County High School.
Trimble County's 5th grade boys have won their league tournament for the second year in a row. In the semifinal game the Raiders took on Switzerland County, a team that had taken Trimble into overtime only two weeks prior. Trimble adjusted their defense by putting David Duncan on the Pacers' main scoring threat, which helped shut him down and kept the Raider big men out of foul trouble. Trimble led 30-13 at the half en route to an easy 41-24 final.
The Trimble County Raiders closed out the home portion of the 2011-12 basketball regular season by honoring the team's seven seniors on Valentine's Day. One of the larger crowds to attend a home contest this season—including parents, family members, friends and fellow students—who were on hand to honor the seniors watched as the Raiders fought valiantly but unsuccessfully to erase a sizable deficit en route to a 65-51 loss at the hands of the visiting Henry County Wildcats.
It's not every day that I get "three free sins" in the mail, but today I did.
Unfortunately, I used them up even before I got the envelope opened.
I'm talking about Bible teacher, author and Christian radio personality Steve Brown's new book, "Three Free Sins," subtitled, "God's Not Mad at You."
The title comes from Steve's former call-in radio program where he gave callers three free sins - six if they called on a cell phone.
30 Years Ago (Feb. 25, 1982)
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The Trimble Banner is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Trimble County, KY and the surrounding area.


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Elegance - Whippet original oil
painting by artist Anne Zoutsos
10 in X 8 in (25.4 cm X 20.3 cm)
This painting is already sold. However, I may have other paintings available.
"Superb work!
Ines Monteiro"
"Your dog paintings are so wonderful! I want to pet this guy."
"What a soulful portrait. Beautiful."
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quackhunter99 wrote:I just got a GoPro and really want to get some footage like that. What did you use to film it
quackhunter99 wrote:You can get rid of most of the fish eye by using the dive housing. One of my friends who's been using one for years only uses the dive housing because for some reason it pretty much removes the fish eye. I've figured out how to zoom on the editing program and it looks really good.
bdub wrote:my bad i was thinking your last name was somthing else then
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Developing custom software and hardware to support you
We will support your business to develop economical solutions and functional products from the design concept phase, prototyping, manufacturing production, rollout and support
Reliability of software is at out core. Our wealth of experience in multiple industry sectors gives our clients fresh ideas - We think outside the square.
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Security Monitoring & Deterrence, custom product development and integration solutions
Marine systems prototyping for Canon Products and underwater sensors.


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The first phase of redevelopment at the former Battery Park site in Selly Oak is now underway.
P.J Carey (Contractors) Ltd, part of The Carey Group, started working on the remediation works in June 2014. Throughout the remediation works, the main compound access for site personnel is from Bristol Road. An access for larger trucks and lorries is being provided at the west of the site, off the roundabout between Aston Webb Boulevard and Harborne Lane.
General hours of work are 7am to 7pm, Monday to Friday, and 7am to 1pm on Saturdays, with no work taking place on Sundays or Bank Holidays unless otherwise confirmed in advance.
Security guards are monitoring the site from strategic locations on a 24-hour basis. Please rest assured that the contractors are working to a strict code of conduct and disruption will continue to be kept to an absolute minimum wherever possible.
We will keep you updated on the programme of works throughout the entire development. Any questions or concerns during the remediation works can be put to our community affairs team on Freephone 0800 975 5299.
Site history & remediation
Learn more about the history of the site and the ongoing remediation works.


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The Deal
- $35 for a 1-hour zombie haunted house adventure (a $69.95 value)

During the two-part experience, guests move through a haunted house before fighting for survival against oncoming zombies. Events are held on Friday and Saturday nights from 7 p.m.–12 a.m., click here to view the schedule.

The Event Depot
The Event Depot's team will do anything to take a party to the next level—they'll even build a snow-covered mountain in the host's backyard. Their snow services transform pockets of Miami into winter wonderlands, converting yards into snowy peaks for sledding or building full-fledged ice-skating arenas.
They also furnish parties with less frosty accessories. Kids frolic in bounce houses and inflatables, and waterslides and dunk tanks keep parties wet and wild. Hosts can even rent the company's indoor and outdoor party venues, saving them the hassle of post-party clean-up and dropping leftover balloon animals off at the pound.
7965 West 2nd Court
Hialeah, FL 33014Get Directions


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The American Legion & Veterans of Foreign Wars will honor LTJG Robert C. Allison Saturday, Feb. 22, at noon, at the VFW/American Legion Building on East Veterans Drive here in Perry.
A memorial monument, sponsored by friends and family of Lt. Allison will be unveiled and a wreath will be placed.
On Aug. 11, 1955, LTJG. Allison was landing his failing jet aircraft on Hwy. 27 12 miles east of Perry but when he met oncoming traffic, he sacrificed his life by steering his aircraft into a cypress swamp where he instantly perished but saved several lives.


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Browser Plugin Detection
Where Plugin Information is Stored?
navigator.plugins of type PluginArray contains information related to plugins which are loaded with your browser. Each item in navigator.plugins is actually Plugin object. Try it yourself by typing navigator.plugins in Firebug console. You will see following line as output.
PluginArray { 0=Plugin, 1=Plugin, 2=Plugin, more...}
Then try navigator.plugins[ 0 ] in console.
Plugin { 0=MimeType, 1=MimeType, length=2, more...}
Click on above line in Firebug console. It will take you to the DOM tab as shown below.
Plugin Detection Code
The important thing to note in the above figure is the "name" property. This is where the name of the plugin is stored. So we can detect a plugin by looping over navigator.plugins and search the input string in navigator.plugins[ i ].name for the required plugin. Here's source code of it.
function detectPlugin( name ) { name = name.toLowerCase(); for( var i = 0; navigator.plugins[ i ]; ++i ) { if( navigator.plugins[ i ].name.toLowerCase().indexOf( name ) > -1 ) return true; } return false; }
- The parameter "name" is the name of the plugin whose existance you want to check.
- On second line all alphabets of parameter name are lowered.
- A for loop is used to iterate over navigator.plugins (PluginArray). Note the condition of for loop. navigator.plugins[ i ] will terminate the loop when it will return undefined. Actually when you pass over the upper bound of PluginArray, it will start returning undefined.
- The navigator.plugins[ i ].name of the plugin is lowered before comparing it with the parameter "name". indexOf is used to find the parameter name in navigator.plugins[ i ].name. It returns -1 if parameter name is not found. Otherwise it return the index from where the name starts in navigator.plugins[ i ].name.
- true is returned if plugin name is found.
- If no plugin found in navigator.plugins, return false after the loop.
Detect Plugins in IE Way
As usual this code won't gonna work in IE. There's an ActiveXObject which can help us to detect plugin existance. ActiveX is Microsoft's proprietary technology used to create ActiveX controls which act like plugins in other browsers.
"ActiveX is a framework for defining reusable software components in a programming language-independent way." ‐ Wikipedia
"ActiveX controls, mini program building blocks, can serve to create distributed applications working over the Internet through web browsers. Examples include customized applications for gathering data, viewing certain kinds of files, and displaying animation." ‐ Wikipedia
To detect a plugin, all you have to do is instantiate ActiveX control using ActiveXObject. It will throw an exception if control don't exist. But there's a problem with this technique. Each ActiveX control is uniquely identified with a string. For example flash control is identified with "ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash". Here's source of it.
function detectActiveX( name ) { try { new ActiveXObject( name ); return true; } catch( e ) { return false; } }
Lazy Function Definition pattern
I have created two functions which detech plugins in IE and other browsers. To avoid browser detection everytime you need to use them, create a browser independent method in an object. Also place the above functions (detectPlugin and detectActiveX) in this new object.
var Plugin = { detect: function( name ) { if( navigator.plugins ) { this.detect = this.detectPlugin; } else { this.detect = this.detectActiveX; } return this.detect( name ); }, detectPlugin: function( name ) { name = name.toLowerCase(); for( var i = 0; navigator.plugins[ i ]; ++i ) { if( navigator.plugins[ i ].name.toLowerCase().indexOf( name ) > -1 ) return true; } return false; }, detectActiveX: function( name ) { try { new ActiveXObject( name ); return true; } catch( e ) { return false; } } };
"detect" is the new browser independent method in the above object. detect method simply checks the existance of navigator.plugins. If it exist then it replaces the "detect" identifier to point to detectPlugin. Otherwise it points to detectActiveX. Note that object detection will be done only once when this method runs for the first time. Afterwards it will always call detectPlugin or detectActiveX directly without running any browser detection code. This pattern is called Lazy Function Definition.
Finally add the following code in the Plugin object as well before detect method.
var Plugin = { controls = { flash: "ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash", silverlight: "AgControl.AgControl", quicktime: "QuickTime.QuickTime" }, checkIE: function() { if( navigator.plugins ) this.isIE = false; else this.isIE = true; }, detect: function( name ) { //rest of the code same as above... };
"controls" property is added for ActiveX control names. As I mentioned before that ActiveX controls are identified with a unique string. To avoid passing the unique identifier of control to detect method, you can use Plugin.controls.flash.
checkIE method is used to detect if a browser supports standard PluginArray or ActiveXObject. It sets the isIE variable to true if ActiveX is supported. Here's the example code of using this Plugin object.
Plugin.checkIE(); if( Plugin.isIE ) { Plugin.detect( Plugin.controls.flash ); } else { Plugin.detect( "Flash" ); }
As you can see you still need to write code to check Plugin.isIE. To avoid writing this kind of code, you can create methods in Plugin object specific to plugins (like flash, silverlight) which you want to detect frequently. For example you want to detect flash many times in your JavaScript application. Here's what you can to write less code.
var Plugin = { //code above same as before... detectFlash: function() { this.checkIE(); if( !this.isIE ) return this.detect( "Flash" ); else return this.detect( this.controls.flash ); } };
With this new method, you only need to call it and check if it returns true or not. true means Flash plugin is loaded.


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Network Analyser, 300MHz
Manufacturer's part number :
Description :
The E5100A network analyser is a 10 kHz to 300 MHz network analyser best fitted for production lines of electronic component manufacturers, especially resonator and filter manufacturers, who require extra-high throughput. The E5100A improves production line productivity with its fast measurement speed (fastest sweep speed is 0.04 ms/point), fast waveform analysis commands, and high speed processor. It provides faster measurements with lower fluctuations because of its low-noise performance and fine selection IFBW.
View our wide range of Network analysers
View our portfolio of Electronic test and measurement
See all products from our supplier Keysight Technologies
Technical Data :
Quote and availability
- Frequency 10 KHz to 300 MHz
- High speed filter and resonator evaluation using waveform analysis commands
- IBASIC for easy automation
- Phase tracking function for high speed evaluation of resonator
- Evaporation monitoring function


text:
I'm at 95k miles and I'm gonna wrap my 90k service into it too.
I just ordered:
* the Gates T belt kit w/ water pump
* upper and lower rad hoses
* new v belts
* this cam locking tool so i can do it solomeo Company23 Subaru Cam Lock Tool Subaru Turbo Models (inc. 2002-2013 WRX / STI) at RallySportDirect.com
from Rallysportdirect
I plan on going to the Dealer for a factory water pump gasket, thermostat and gasket.
Already have:
* Subaru coolant
* spark plugs
Any one have any suggestions, advice, parts I am missing or tools to make it easier?
Crankshaft oil seal?


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All babies cry - but babies with colic cry a lot, for no obvious reason. Here are the facts about colic, and some tips to help ease the pain.
It's the bane of many parents' existence, and something that's generally spoken about in whispers at mums' groups – but what is the dreaded colic, anyway?
All babies cry, of course – it's just a fact of life. But babies with colic cry a lot, for no obvious reason: more than 3 hours a day on 3 or more days a week, for a minimum of 3 weeks. Around 1 in 3 babies will have colic in the first 3 months of life, but thankfully it's usually gone by the time they're 4 to 6 months old. Babies with colic often cry in the late afternoon or evening, and they may show other signs of distress, too: an arched back, clenched fists and a flushed face, sometimes accompanied by drawing their legs up to the tummy.
Colic doesn't discriminate: it occurs equally often in breast and bottle fed babies and affects both sexes. Doctors aren't sure precisely what causes these intense tummy upsets, but food allergies or an immature gut may be contributing factors.
Needless to say, colic is very distressing for both your baby and you! This can be quite a testing time as a new parent, but try to remember that the colic is not your fault, and it will pass. It's important to look after yourself, too; if you have friends or family nearby, consider asking them to look after your baby sometimes so that you can get some much-needed rest.
Soothing colic
Unfortunately, there's no magic wand that will get rid of colic altogether, but if your baby's distressed, you might want to try some of these strategies.
If you're bottle feeding:
- Try switching to an anti-colic bottle to see if it makes a difference. These bottles are designed to keep your baby from 'gulping' air while feeding, which should help reduce the amount of gas in that tiny tummy.
- Check the flow rate on the teats you're using. Too large an opening will allow the milk to come out too quickly, and one that's too small might make your baby feel frustrated when feeding and gulp for the milk.
- Try sitting your baby a bit more upright when feeding to reduce the amount of air that gets swallowed during a feed. (Holding your baby in a less 'scrunched-up' position can also help avoid trapping air inside.)
If you're breastfeeding:
- Check to make sure your baby is correctly positioned and is 'latched on' well to your breast.
- Encourage your baby to take a complete feed at each breast. If you're not certain about latching on or how to tell when your baby's finished, you can ask your health visitor for a referral to a local breastfeeding clinic for extra support.
For everyone:
- Try to time your feeds for maximum serenity. If your baby is very hungry and crying for food, it's likely to lead to gulping air along with the milk.
- Take your time about burping your baby. It might take a while to get that little belch you're waiting for, but the more gas your baby gets rid of now, the happier your evening is likely to be.
- A warm bath and a gentle tummy massage can help relax your baby and release any trapped air. When massaging use a clockwise motion, moving your hand from left to right across your baby's abdomen. You can also try positioning your baby across your knees, which will apply gentle pressure on your baby's tummy, and gently rubbing your baby's back.
- Babies find sucking very soothing, so you might consider trying a dummy to help calm your baby. Other soothing options: 'white' noise (such as the noise of a washing machine or hair dryer) and motion (riding in a baby sling or a pram, or going for a drive in the car) often have a calming effect.
- Some parents try cranial osteopathy, a gentle and non-invasive treatment that one study has shown may help treat symptoms of colic.
- Some herbal drinks, such as fennel tea, can have a relaxing effect on the baby's intestine (however, these are not usually recommended until at least 4 months.)
- Swaddling may make your baby feel more secure and relaxed.
If these strategies aren't helping, it's probably time to consult your GP or
health visitor for some advice. You might be advised to make some changes to your feeding routine to see if that helps.
Doctors suspect an intolerance to cow's milk protein might cause some cases of colic. If you're breast feeding your baby, your GP might ask you not to eat any dairy products for a week. If this seems to be helping, you can continue to exclude dairy from your diet until your baby is three months old, but you'll need to take calcium supplements.
If excluding dairy doesn't solve the problem, you and your GP might look at eliminating other trigger foods from your diet (such as caffeine, eggs, and citrus fruits). It's important that you make these changes with the guidance of your GP; otherwise, you could be missing out on important nutrients that both you and your baby need.
If you're bottle feeding, your GP might advise changing your formula milk to a hydrolysed or partially hydrolysed whey-based formula. In these specialised formula milks, which are available on prescription, the milk protein has been broken down to help your baby digest it more easily. Another option your GP may recommend is a formula milk that's low in lactose and contains prebiotics.
Many over-the-counter colic remedies are available from the chemist, but we'd advise you to discuss these treatments with your health visitor or your pharmacist before you try them.
Getting the support you need
There's no doubt about it - colic is painful for everyone involved! As parents, it's difficult to cope when your baby's crying, so getting good guidance and support is crucial. Don't hesitate to ask family and friends for help when you need it, and remember that your GP and health visitor are always there to give advice.
If you're having a particularly tough day, you might want to ring CRY-SIS, a support group for families of colicky babies. Their Helpline is open every day from 9am to 10pm (08451 228 669), or you can get lots of good advice on their website, cry-sis.org.uk.


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"The card was easy to edit to add my own words, it's great that you can change font and size of text. Overall a fantastic looking invite at a great price. Super quick delivery too."
"We received so many compliments on this invitation. It was for our son's Holy Communion. Everyone loved the front and back design of the card."
"Was able to have a secondary name added to this by the designers and adjusted spacing for me. It was beautiful! Perfect for our baptism celebration."
"We personalized the colours and even included pictures on the back of the invitation. It was too easy! The quality of the paper is great and the printing was good. My friends and family have always great things to say when we use tiny prints for all invitations for our son. Definitely recommend."
"This is a beautiful invitation. The design is simple and elegant. I highly recommend the pearl shimmer paper. Beautiful!"
Copyright © 2004-2017 Shutterfly, Inc | Tiny Prints | Terms of Use. Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.


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Alan G. MOATS and Chleo I. Moats, Appellants (Plaintiffs), v. PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE, LLC, d/b/a Summit Title Services, Kuzma Success Realty, and P. Olen Snider, Jr., Appellees(Defendants).
[¶ 1] Appellants Alan and Chleo Moats (Moats) sold 850 acres of farm ground, intending to retain the mineral rights for themselves. The deeds prepared by Appellee Professional Assistance, L.L.C., d/b/a Summit Title Services did not reserve the minerals, even after the Moats were made aware of the omission at closing, insisted that it be rectified, and were assured by a Summit employee that the deeds had in fact been corrected. Approximately six years passed before the error was discovered, and the Moats sued Summit, its general counsel Appellee P. Olen Snider, Jr., and Kuzma Success Realty, the brokerage firm involved in the transaction.
[¶ 2] The district court granted summary judgment in favor of all Appellees, finding that the Moats failed to exercise due diligence to discover the error so as to extend the statute of limitation as a matter of law. We find that there are genuine issues of material fact as to the claims against Summit and Snider, and we therefore reverse and remand for further proceedings as to those claims. We find that the district court correctly granted summary judgment to Kuzma, and we affirm that decision.
[¶ 3] Are there genuine issues of material fact as to whether the Moats exercised reasonable diligence to discover their claims against Appellees under Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 1–3–107(a)(i)(B), and if not, were Appellees entitled to judgment as a matter of law under Wyoming Rule of Civil Procedure 56?
[¶ 4] The Moats own farmland in northern Laramie County. In early 2004, they decided to sell 850 acres, but wanted to retain the mineral rights. They contacted George O'Hare (O'Hare), a broker associate with Appellee Kuzma Success Realty, and entered into a listing agreement on January 5, 2004.
[¶ 5] The listing agreement indicated that no mineral rights were to be included in the purchase. After the property was listed, Howard Romsa, who had some interest in purchasing the land, contacted Mr. Moats directly. The Moats set a price satisfactory to the Romsas and notified O'Hare that they would contact him. The record contains an undated amendment to the agency agreement in which the Moats consented that O'Hare act as an intermediary rather than as the Moats' agent, and which explained the change in the relationship. The Moats then received a written offer to purchase from the Michael Romsa and Heidi Romsa Revocable Trusts on May 17, 2004. They received a separate purchase offer for a different parcel from the Howard and Mary Romsa Revocable Trusts on May 19, 2004. The offers were prepared by O'Hare, and they each indicated that "[t]here are no mineral rights included." The Moats accepted both offers in writing on May 19, 2004.
[¶ 6] Appellee Professional Assistance, LLC, doing business as Summit Title Services (Summit), was selected to serve as the closing agent for the transaction. Appellee P. Olen Snider, Jr. (Snider) is an attorney who serves as general counsel for Summit. The Moats and the Romsa trustees signed a set of general closing instructions which indicated that "[t]he parties will provide to the Closer all documents necessary for the closing and in form and content sufficient to satisfy the title insurance commitment requirements." In fact, Summit prepared the documents necessary for the closing, including the deeds necessary to transfer title. Mr. O'Hare testified that his office customarily sends a copy of the executed purchase offer and acceptance to Summit for its use in preparing the required paperwork.
[¶ 7] Closing took place at Summit's offices in Cheyenne on May 19, 2004.1 Summit employee Dawn West closed the transaction. Present for the closing were O'Hare, the Moats, four members of the Romsa family representing the two trusts, and West.
[¶ 8] Mr. Moats testified that he did not finish high school, and that his ability to read and understand complex documents is limited. Mrs. Moats also dropped out of high school but obtained a diploma through a correspondence course. She had a long career with AT & T, working as a manager in the sales department and later as a call quality analyst. She supervised up to twenty people while with AT & T. Mr. Moats customarily relies upon her to help him understand complex documents.
[¶ 9] At the closing, Ms. West presented the documents Summit had prepared to the parties to the transaction, explaining them as she went. The Moats did not read any of the documents presented. When Ms. West presented the warranty deeds necessary to transfer the property being sold, she explained that the deed did not reserve the mineral rights from the sale. Mr. Moats said "absolutely not," and told the Romsas and West that he and his wife would not sell unless they kept the minerals as agreed.
[¶ 10] West picked up some documents, said she would fix them, and left the room. She did not return for up to twenty minutes according to Mrs. Moats. When she did return, she said "they're okay now" or words to that effect, and the Moats signed the deeds without reading them. Mr. Moats explained that "when somebody says they did something and puts it back down in front of you and says it's all right now, I guess I'm dumb enough, I just take them at their word." O'Hare was not asked to and did not review the deeds, and the Moats did not ask him any questions about them.
[¶ 11] The deeds are each one page of single-spaced text, and they do not reserve the mineral rights.2 Mineral rights not expressly reserved in the deed to a surface estate are transferred with the surface estate. See, e.g., 1 Patrick H. Martin & Bruce M. Kramer, Williams and Meyers Oil & Gas Law § 202 (2012); Whitney Holding Corp. v. Terry, 2012 WY 21, 270 P.3d 662 (Wyo.2012); Gilstrap v. June Eisele Trust, 2005 WY 21, ¶ 15, 106 P.3d 858, 863 (Wyo.2005). The Moats were provided with copies of all the documents, but they did not review them after leaving the closing. The record contains no explanation for the twenty-minute hiatus in the closing, or why the deeds with which West returned did not reserve the minerals.
[¶ 12] Mr. Snider, counsel for Summit, testified that deeds can contain anything the parties want so long as the provisions do not affect insurability of title transferred, and that Summit was "simply the scrivener." He also testified that he had never prepared a mineral reservation up to that point in time, and that it would have taken him hours to research how to properly draft one. The company would normally have told the parties to have their own attorneys prepare a deed containing a mineral reservation. West did not tell the Moats that their own attorney needed to prepare the deeds to reserve the minerals, but instead assured them that the deed did not convey the minerals after purportedly making corrections.
[¶ 13] About six years passed before the Moats learned of the problem with the deed. A landman with Family Tree Corporation offered to pay $30.00 an acre in bonus for a paid-up oil and gas lease on the property that had been transferred. The Moats were willing to lease the minerals for that price, and they executed the required documents. When a bonus check was not forthcoming, they followed up with the landman and learned that they did not own the minerals because they had been transferred.
[¶ 14] Mr. Moats contacted O'Hare, and he and the Moats went to the Laramie County courthouse to check the deeds. After reviewing the deeds, O'Hare told the Moats that the minerals had in fact been transferred with the land. He later told Mr. Moats that he had spoken with representatives of Summit Title, who told him that there had been a mistake and that they thought they could get the minerals back. Moats later met with a representative from Summit Title who had him sign some papers that were intended to play a role in transferring the minerals back to him and his wife, but he was later told that the representatives of the Romsa trusts would not sign the required papers. In the meantime, the land had been subdivided, apparently without reservation of the minerals, meaning that purchasers without knowledge of the underlying transaction (potentially bona fide purchasers) owned them. The intervening interests in the land would have made reformation of the deeds difficult if not impossible.
[¶ 15] The Moats filed suit against Appellees on September 28, 2011. They claimed negligence against all defendants, and breach of contract and breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing against Kuzma and Summit. They also claimed legal malpractice against Snider and Summit, and negligent misrepresentation against Summit.
[¶ 16] The district court granted summary judgment in favor of all Appellees on all claims. It found that there were no genuine issues of material fact as a matter of law, and that the two-year professional negligence statute, Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 1–3–107, barred the Moats' claims because they had not read the documents in question, thereby failing to exercise the diligence necessary to avail themselves of more time under the discovery rule. This timely appeal followed.
[¶ 17] Our standard for review of summary judgment has been stated so often that it requires no elaboration:
We review a summary judgment in the same light as the district court, using the same materials and following the same standards. [Snyder v. Lovercheck, 992 P.2d 1079, 1083 (Wyo.1999) ]; 40 North Corp. v. Morrell, 964 P.2d 423, 426 (Wyo.1998). We examine the record from the vantage point most favorable to the party opposing the motion, and we give that party the benefit of all favorable inferences that may fairly be drawn from the record. Id. A material fact is one which, if proved, would have the effect of establishing or refuting an essential element of the cause of action or defense asserted by the parties. Id. If the moving party presents supporting summary judgment materials demonstrating no genuine issue of material fact exists, the burden is shifted to the non-moving party to present appropriate supporting materials posing a genuine issue of a material fact for trial. Roberts v. Klinkosh, 986 P.2d 153, 155 (Wyo.1999); Downen v. Sinclair Oil Corp., 887 P.2d 515, 519 (Wyo.1994). We review a grant of summary judgment deciding a question of law de novo and afford no deference to the district court's ruling. Roberts v. Klinkosh, 986 P.2d at 156; Blagrove v. JB Mechanical, Inc., 934 P.2d 1273, 1275 (Wyo.1997).
Lindsey v. Harriet, 2011 WY 80, ¶ 18, 255 P.3d 873, 880 (Wyo.2011). We can affirm an order granting summary judgment on any basis appearing in the record. Magin v. Solitude Homeowner's Inc., 2011 WY 102, ¶ 20, 255 P.3d 920, 927 (Wyo.2011) (citing Walker v. Karpan, 726 P.2d 82, 89 (Wyo.1986)).
DiFelici v. City of Lander, 2013 WY 141, ¶ 7, 312 P.3d 816, 819 (Wyo.2013).
Claims Against Summit and P. Olen Snider, Jr.
[¶ 18] The Moats argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to all Appellees because there was a genuine issue of material fact as to whether they exercised due diligence under the specific circumstances of this case. Appellees respond that the undisputed facts show that the deeds are relatively simple, and that the Moats had an opportunity to review them at closing and for years afterward, but did not do so. They also argue that Mr. Moats' limited reading abilities are, as a matter of law, insufficient to excuse both Mr. and Mrs. Moats from reading the deeds.
[¶ 19] The pertinent section of § 1–3–107 provides as follows:
(a) A cause of action arising from an act, error or omission in the rendering of licensed or certified professional or health care services shall be brought within the greater of the following times:
(i) Within two (2) years of the date of the alleged act, error or omission, except that a cause of action may be instituted not more than two (2) years after discovery of the alleged act, error or omission, if the claimant can establish that the alleged act, error or omission was:
(A) Not reasonably discoverable within a two (2) year period; or
(B) The claimant failed to discover the alleged act, error or omission within the two (2) year period despite the exercise of due diligence.
Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 1–3–107 (LexisNexis 2013).
[¶ 20] The parties agree that this statute applies to the claims in this case. The Moats do not deny that the error in the deeds was discoverable within two years; instead, they argue that a jury should decide whether they exercised due diligence in light of Ms. West's assurances that the deeds had been changed to reserve the minerals.
[¶ 21] As we have previously said, the application of the discovery rule is a mixed question of fact and law:
The application of the discovery rule to a statute of limitations involves a mixed question of law and fact; consequently, the entry of summary judgment on the issue of when a statute of limitations commences to run is typically inappropriate. See, e.g., Cathcart v. Meyer, 2004 WY 49, ¶ 30, 88 P.3d 1050, 1062–63 (Wyo.2004); Murphy v. Housel & Housel, 955 P.2d 880, 883 (Wyo.1998). The question can only be resolved as a matter of law if uncontroverted facts establish when a reasonable person should have been placed on notice of his claim. Hiltz v. Robert W. Horn, P.C., 910 P.2d 566, 569 (Wyo.1996).
Heimer v. Antelope Valley Improvement, 2010 WY 29, ¶ 18, 226 P.3d 860, 864 (Wyo.2010).
[¶ 22] We have never had occasion to define the term "due diligence" as it is used in § 1–3–107 (see Adelizzi v. Stratton, 2010 WY 148, ¶ 16, 243 P.3d 563, 567 (Wyo.2010)), but we have found that term to be fact-specific in other contexts.
The question of due diligence is one of fact. Sonat Exploration Co. v. Superior Oil Co., 710 P.2d 221, 225–26 (Wyo.1985); LeBar v. Haynie, 552 P.2d 1107, 1111 (Wyo.1976).
Daniel v. State, 2008 WY 87, ¶ 14, 189 P.3d 859, 864 (Wyo.2008) (dealing with whether the State exercised due diligence to learn of extent of victim's injuries in a criminal case).
The concept of "due diligence" is not foreign to this court. We have defined it as:
Such a measure of prudence, activity, or assiduity, as is properly to be expected from, and ordinarily exercised by, a reasonable and prudent [person] under the particular circumstances; not measured by any absolute standard, but depending on the relative facts of the special case.
In Re Estate of Novakovich, 2004 WY 158, ¶ 27, 101 P.3d 931, 938 (Wyo.2004) (personal representative required to exercise reasonably diligent efforts, synonymous with due diligence, to locate creditors) (citing Pittman v. State ex rel. Workers' Comp. Div., 917 P.2d 614, 618 (Wyo.1996); Olheiser v. State ex rel. Workers' Comp. Div., 866 P.2d 768, 773 (Wyo.1994)).
The adoptive father's second issue is whether, if due diligence was required, the district court erred in finding that he had failed to exercise such diligence in attempting to locate the natural father. In Colley v. Dyer, 821 P.2d 565, 568 (Wyo.1991), we defined due diligence as being
that which is reasonable under the circumstances and not all possible diligence which may be conceived. Nor is it that diligence which stops just short of the place where if it were continued might reasonably be expected to uncover an address ․ of the person on whom service is sought․ Due diligence must be tailored to fit the circumstances of each case. It is that diligence which is appropriate to accomplish the end sought and which is reasonably calculated to do so.
Matter of Adoption of CAM, 861 P.2d 1102, 1105 (Wyo.1993) (adoptive father required to exercise due diligence to locate natural father before serving by publication).
[¶ 23] Appellees correctly point out that those who sign documents without reading them do so at their peril. Mendoza v. Gonzales, 2009 WY 50, ¶ 10, 204 P.3d 995, 999 (Wyo.2009) (beneficiaries who did not read disclaimer of interest in estate property bound by it); Schmidt v. Killmer, 2009 WY 23, ¶ 16, 201 P.3d 1121, 1126 (Wyo.2009) (partners who did not read dissolution agreement bound by it); Laird v. Laird, 597 P.2d 463, 467 (Wyo.1979) (husband who failed to read prenuptial agreement is bound by it). "One who signs a contract generally cannot avoid it on the ground that he did not attend to its terms, or did not read it, or supposed that it was different in its terms, or that he took someone's word as to what it contained." Laird, 597 P.2d at 467.
[¶ 24] They also correctly point out that we have refused to reform deeds when the grantor did not read a deed and then did not seek reformation for many years. Town of Glenrock v. Abadie, 71 Wyo. 414, 431–32, 259 P.2d 766, 771–72 (1953) (litigant who erroneously deeded minerals and did not make any effort to correct the mistake for over thirty years barred from claim of reformation).
[¶ 25] If this case involved only a failure to read an easily understood document in a claim for rescission or an effort to avoid a contract, Summit's argument would doubtless prevail. There are other facts to balance, however, and we must view them in the light most favorable to the Moats:
• Summit was a neutral third party hired to close the transaction. There would have been no reason for the Moats to distrust its employees.
• Summit was in the business of preparing title documents, including deeds. A reasonable person could assume that the company had employees competent to draft a deed reserving mineral rights.
• Mr. Moats unequivocally announced at the closing that he and his wife would not sell the property if they could not keep the minerals, and the buyers agreed.
• Ms. West picked up the two deeds and left the room for a substantial period of time. In this age of computers and fast printers, there could have been and probably was sufficient time to modify the two documents to include a mineral reservation.
• Mr. Snider testified that if Summit was not capable of preparing a deed, it would notify the grantor to have his or her attorney prepare the document. This was not done.
• Ms. West returned with the deeds and said they were "okay," an assurance that the correction had been made. Although the agreement between Summit and the Moats indicated that they could consult an attorney, Ms. West did not express any reservations about the documents or suggest that they speak with counsel after returning with the deeds.
• Although the deeds are only a page long, a reasonable juror might not find them to be as simple as Appellees claim. Mr. Snider testified that he, a licensed attorney acting as counsel for a title company, did not know how to draft a mineral reservation at the time the transaction took place.
• Nothing in the record before us suggests that the Moats or a reasonable person in their position should know that minerals are conveyed unless they are reserved. Without that knowledge they might not necessarily have known the effect of the deeds even if they had read them.
• Although the record on this point leaves a great deal to be desired, it indicates that the Romsa trusts failed to reserve the minerals when it transferred them to the purchasers of the property they subdivided, permitting an inference that the trustees also thought the deeds had been corrected.
• After the claimed error was discovered, Summit attempted to have the minerals transferred back from the Romsa trusts. A reasonable juror might, on the limited record we have, view this as an effort to correct an acknowledged mistake.
[¶ 26] As noted above, Appellees rely upon Town of Glenrock v. Abadie for the proposition that failure to read the deeds bars the Moats from availing themselves of the benefit of the discovery rule regardless of whether Summit representative West misled them. In Abadie, this Court relied upon Kennedy v. Brown, 113 S.W.2d 1018 (Tex.Civ.App.1938), in which a Texas intermediate court of appeal reversed a trial court decision reforming a deed because the statute of limitations had run, and because, as in Abadie, the grantor had not read the deed to assure himself that his mineral rights had been reserved. The Kennedy court distinguished the earlier case of Luginbyhl v. Thompson, 11 S.W.2d 380, 382 (Tex.Civ.App.1928), in which reformation had been granted and affirmed on appeal, explaining as follows:
The effect of our holding in the case was that the purchaser of the land having permitted the grantor to collect the proceeds of the lease and, although having full knowledge that he was doing so, made no objection, his action in that regard lulled the grantor into a sense of security which, under the law, excused him from exercising any effort to ascertain the fact that his rights under the contract had been omitted from the deed. Nothing of that nature is shown by the record in this case. To hold with appellee in his contention would, in effect, nullify the provisions of the statute and eliminate even the liberal rule established by the courts which tolls its effect during the time a man of ordinary prudence would exercise diligence with respect to his rights, and extend the period of limitation to such time as the party affected by it actually received information concerning the subject matter, or the happening of some event which forced him to take cognizance of it.
Kennedy, 113 S.W.2d at 1021. The Kennedy court found no such circumstances in that case.
[¶ 27] In Hutchins v. Birdsong, 258 S.W.2d 218 (Tex.Civ.App.1953), a different Texas intermediate court of appeal upheld reformation of a deed when the grantor was assured by the grantee that the documents in question, which the grantee's attorney prepared, did not transfer his mineral rights. Id. at 220–21. In ruling on what it described as a "vigorous motion for rehearing in which certain assertions are made by the writer, which, in his calmer moments he would not have indulged," it further explained its decision as follows:
We have been requested by the appellants to discuss those two cases in relation to the facts of this case. Those cases hold that as a general rule a grantor is charged with knowledge of the provisions in his deed; and that limitation begins to run against any action by him to correct a mistake in his deed from the date of the execution and delivery of the instrument. We recognize that as being a general rule, but both of these cases cited above reveal that they each recognize an exception to that rule. This exception is clearly set out in the Kennedy case (113 S.W.2d 1020), as follows: 'It is equally as well established by the authorities that in such cases limitation does not begin to run until the mistake is discovered or should have been discovered by the exercise of such diligence as would be exercised by a person of ordinary care and prudence.' Citing cases. Great stress in those cases is laid upon the fact that the grantor in each case had the deed prepared and delivered to the grantee. And in the Kennedy case it is stated further: 'It is neither alleged nor shown by the evidence that appellants did any act or thing which could be construed as an assurance to appellee (grantor) that the deed was written as contemplated by the contract (reserving the mineral interest) or that could have had the effect of lulling appellee into a sense of security in reference to the matter.' (Italics ours.) We think that the above holding is also the holding of the court in the Kahanek [v. Kahanek, 192 S.W.2d 174 (Tex.Civ.App.1946) ] case, which cites the Kennedy case as a basis for its holding. Thus it is clear that in the above cases had the facts shown that the grantees in the deeds involved in those cases had done any act or made statements which would have been sufficient to lull the grantor to sleep, then it seems to us that limitation under the exception set out above would not have begun to run against the grantor until they had discovered the mistake.
Id. at 221–22; see also Zurick v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 833 F.2d 233, 237 (10th Cir.1987); 54 C.J.S. Limitations of Actions § 137 (2010 & Supp.2013).
[¶ 28] This record presents a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the Moats exercised the diligence a reasonable person would have under the circumstances. They certainly should have read the deeds, but the record is far from clear that a reasonable person with no background in real estate law would necessarily have understood them to convey the mineral interests—as noted above, the law requires an express reservation to retain the minerals, and there is nothing in this record which would tell us that the Moats or a reasonable person similarly situated would have known that. Whether the Moats should have trusted the closing agent's representation that the deeds had been changed to reserve the minerals must be evaluated in light of all the facts. See 54 C.J .S., supra, § 245 (Professional Malpractice); and due diligence cases cited above. Viewed in the light most favorable to the Moats and that most unfavorable to Appellees, West took the deeds, found that they could not be drafted to include a reservation of mineral rights, and decided to complete the transaction without telling the Moats that they needed to have their attorney prepare a deed with a mineral reservation, because that would have required the closing to be rescheduled.3 Summit's position is that West may have made a serious error or misrepresented what she had done with the deeds, but that the Moats should not have been fooled. That contention should be evaluated by a jury.
[¶ 29] Summit and Mr. Snider correctly point out that the Moats have not claimed fraud. That is not the question. The question is whether on the facts of this case, the Moats exercised due diligence after being told that the deeds has been corrected to eliminate the mineral reservation. The Moats need not prove fraud to support a finding that they exercised due diligence under the circumstances. Womble v. Mahoney, 383 P.2d 26, 29 (Okla.1963); United States for Use and Benefit of Humble Oil & Refining Co. v. Fidelity & Cas. Co. of New York, 402 F.2d 893, 897–98 (4th Cir.1968); Nesbitt v. Erie Coach Co., 416 Pa. 89, 204 A.2d 473, 476–77 (Pa.1964); 31 Samuel Williston, Treatise on the Law of Contracts § 79.54, at 488–89 (Richard A. Lord ed., 4th ed.2004).
[¶ 30] Appellees Summit and Snider also cite Schmidt v. Killmer, 2009 WY 23, 201 P.3d 1121 (Wyo.2009). That case involved a claim by general partners in a limited partnership against an accountant. The partners claimed that the accountant, who was the liquidating trustee, had not distributed the limited partnership's assets as required by the partnership agreement. This Court affirmed summary judgment because the partners had each signed a ballot approving the settlement agreement proposed by the trustee, although they contended that they did not understand it. We noted that the partners did not argue that their consent to the distribution was fraudulently obtained or based on mistake, or that the trustee engaged in self-dealing. Id. at ¶ 17, 201 P.3d at 1126. We also noted that the appellants were "fully apprised at the time of all the details." Id. The case therefore does not afford the support these Appellees claim it does, because it does not involve a document which might be difficult for a layman to understand, or a misrepresentation.
[¶ 31] The record reveals very little about Mr. Snider's involvement in the transaction. He may have had nothing to do with it. As we discuss below, a misrepresentation by one party will not necessarily extend the statute of limitations against another party. However, as we have held:
A party moving for summary judgment carries the initial burden to "make a prima facie showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists and that summary judgment should be granted as a matter of law." Gayhart v. Goody, 2004 WY 112, ¶ 11, 98 P.3d 164, 168 (Wyo.2004) (quoting Moore v. Lubnau, 855 P.2d 1245, 1248 (Wyo.1993)).
Baker v. Speaks, 2013 WY 24, ¶ 32, 295 P.3d 847, 855 (Wyo.2013). Because the record does not tell us about Mr. Snider's involvement (or lack thereof), the required prima facie showing has not been made.
[¶ 32] A reasonable jury may find that the Moats exercised reasonable diligence in light of all of the circumstances, or it may find that they did not. We conclude only that when the record is viewed in the light most favorable to the Moats, there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether they exercised due diligence to discover potential claims against Summit and Mr. Snider in light of Ms. West's representations.
Kuzma Success Realty
[¶ 33] The record reflects that Kuzma associate broker George O'Hare drafted the purchase offer and acceptance in this case to exclude the minerals. It also reflects that he sent the purchase offer and acceptance to Summit, and that Summit drafted the deeds in question. He was not asked to and did not review the deeds before or after they were supposedly corrected. He is not accused of having misrepresented anything to the Moats.
[¶ 34] We therefore must decide whether there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the Moats used reasonable diligence to discover any claims it might have against Kuzma. As we have noted above, the Moats are not required to prove fraud to establish that they acted with due diligence under § 1–3–107 in light of the assurances of Summit's agent. However, we note that in general the act of a third person in concealing a cause of action against a defendant does not prevent the running of the statute of limitations in favor of that defendant unless there is an agency relationship between the misrepresenting party and the defendant. New York Life Ins. Co. v. Nashville Trust Co., 200 Tenn. 513, 292 S.W.2d 749, 764 (Tenn.1956); L.S. Teller, Annotation, 173 A.L.R. 576 § 10 (2011); 51 Am.Jur.2d Limitation of Actions § 167 (2011); 54 C.J.S., supra, § 141; 31 Williston, supra, § 79:42, at 439. The record reflects no such relationship in this case.
[¶ 35] We see no reason that misrepresentations by an agent of Summit should extend the statute of limitations as to Kuzma. We will therefore affirm the district court's decision granting summary judgment to Kuzma.
[¶ 36] We find that there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether the Moats exercised due diligence to discover errors allegedly made by Appellee Summit (Professional Assistance L.L.C.), and we therefore reverse the district court's summary judgment. We also find that Appellee P. Olen Snider, Jr., failed to present a prima facie case that he was entitled to summary judgment, and we also reverse the district court's summary judgment as to him. We find that the district court correctly found that there were no genuine issues of material fact as to the claims against Kuzma Success Realty, and we therefore affirm summary judgment against it. We remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
[property description]
DAVIS, Justice.


text:
cc licensed ( BY SA ) flickr photo shared by ted_major
Based loosely on a recipe from Bon Appetit, modified to accomodate the awesome kale and sweet potatoes we have this week from Snow's Bend and our oh so tasty(and somewhat local) Conecuh sausage:
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 lb smoked sausage (we used Conecuh spicy hickory–use what ever tasty sausage you have available), sliced
- 1 onion, diced
- 3 ribs celery, chopped (include some of the leaves for extra celery goodness)
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- 4 cups sweet potatoes peeled & diced
- 6 cups chicken broth
- 1 large bunch kale, stemmed, torn & washed
Heat 2 tablespoons oil in heavy large pot over medium-high heat. Add sausage; cook until brown. Remove sausage to paper towels to drain. Add onions to pot and saute briefly; add celery and cook until translucent. Add sweet potatoes and cook until they begin to soften, stirring often. Add broth; bring to boil, scraping bottom of the pot. Reduce heat to medium-low, cover, and simmer until potatoes are soft, stirring occasionally, about 20 minutes. Mash sweet potatoes with a potato masher. Add browned sausage to soup. Stir in kale and simmer about 5 minutes. Serve and enjoy.


text:
The little ones are out of school for winter break, My teen keeps asking, "What is there to do
It would not be Christmas without GINGERBREAD! Here at Legacy Lodge, our culinary staff has defined the art of
From your hometown to ours, Christmas at Legacy Lodge is an experience filled with life long memories for you
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Labor Day is this weekend, and that means the summer season is at long last coming to a close.
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It's the weekend here at Lake Lanier Islands, and you've come to the right blog to see what's happening
Have you made plans for Memorial Day? The holiday marking the official opening of the summer season is right


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i love your voice...its of a thousand angels in an choir...all i have to say about this is...wow
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This song is beautiful, and of a good length. I've been listening to it for half an hour. Hope you will be releasing more songs like this soon.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
no she doesnt
Hania's voice isnt as heavy as Evanescence. Hania's voice is much more smoother and not as heavy. It's much more clean. She also does have a very beautiful voice and I really do hope she can make it as a pro singer out there some day and if not more. I gave it a 10 not only cause of the voice but the song talks about some of the stuff I deal with in my life. Kinda made me cray inside. Is there a site I can get the lyrics for this? I want to put this on my facebook along with the song
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This song really reaches out to me. I often thought of myself as a burden to others and to myself many times in the past. I felt hopeless and tried to kill myself once by trying to drown myself, but failed and became a new person. strangely enough i couldnt even think about death now. But this song, Your song, Is somehow about death isnt it? In the end i get the feeling that someone in the song is trying to kill himself but desperatly struggles to survive and ends up living somehow.
oh well thats just my depiction. id love to know what this song is supposed to mean. and how you came to the kyrics.
You have touched a burdened soul Thank you for this masterpiece...
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Sharif Plans to Appoint Ishaq Dar Pakistan Finance Minister
Nawaz Sharif, whose party gained most seats in Pakistan's May 11 election and is set to form the next government, plans to name Mohammad Ishaq Dar as finance minister, ahead of a national budget in June.
The appointment of Dar had been agreed in meetings before the election and has since been confirmed, Mamnoon Hussain, a central senior vice president of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz, said by phone yesterday. Siddiq-ul-Farooq, a party leader and spokesman, also said Dar will head the government's economic team as finance minister.
Dar, 64, would have about a month to prepare a national budget at a time when sluggish growth and one of the region's lowest rates of tax collection risks a widening of the fiscal deficit. He may also have to negotiate a bailout with the International Monetary Fund after foreign exchange reserves plunged 40 percent from a year ago, to less than two months of imports, according to central bank data.
"Dar will need a much stronger team this time because the situation is much worse," Sakib Sherani, chief executive officer at Macroeconomic Insights, an Islamabad research firm, said by phone today. "The balance of payments is an immediate challenge, they will have to figure out the holes in public finances and damage to public sector companies."
Sharif's party won the most seats in the voting. His party had won 123 contests for the lower house of parliament, about four times the number of his nearest rival, according to the latest tally of official results from the Election Commission of Pakistan. Dar didn't answer three calls made to his mobile phone.
People's Mandate
"For the first time, a government in Pakistan has been removed by the people for misgovernance," Nasim Beg, executive vice chairman of the Arif Habib Corp., which runs cement and fertilizer plants, said in an interview in Karachi today. That means Sharif will understand the consequences of failing to deliver. He will enjoy a "genuine people's mandate," to fix the economy and address the energy crisis, Beg said.
Sharif said in a recent interview with the Geo channel he'd hire professional managers for loss-making state companies and end the cycle of debt that has crippled electricity generation and transmission companies.
State-owned firms -- especially those in the power sector - - are "bleeding" cash and will need private managers to turn them around, Pakistani billionaire Mian Mohammad Mansha, who heads MCB Bank Ltd. and Nishat Mills Ltd., said in an interview last month. The government took over 391 billion rupees ($3.97 billion) of debt from the books of public sector enterprises in the year ended June 30, according to the State Bank of Pakistan.
"A new loan agreement with the International Monetary Fund would be credit positive since it could avert a balance-of-payments crisis and institute a framework for fiscal discipline," Moody's Investors Service said in an overnight statement.
Third Term
The election results set the stage for the longer-term stability of the country's sovereign rating of B minus, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services said in a statement from Singapore yesterday. That's six levels below investment grade.
"The economy is one of the top most priorities," Iqbal Zafar Jhagra, secretary general of the party, said by phone from Peshawar. "You rectify your economy and all other problems will be automatically resolved."
Dar was the country's commerce minister in Sharif's first term and finance minister in 1999, when Pervez Musharraf seized power and sacked the cabinet. Now the opposition leader of the Senate, or parliament's upper house, Dar spent more than a year in jail under Musharraf over corruption charges that never went to trial.
Energy Crisis
He has a bachelor's degree in commerce from the University of Punjab and has been a director of the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and Islamic Development Bank, according to his profile on the Senate website. He also served as finance minister for three months in 2008 until his party quit President Asif Ali Zardari's alliance.
"The government has a majority and that makes it easier for them," said Reehana Raza, director at the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives, a Lahore-based think-tank. "Solving the energy crisis and spurring growth are the key economic challenges. Dar is the most experienced man in the team, he's the done the job before and knows it well."
Pakistan was among the 15 lowest revenue-gathering nations in the world as a percentage of GDP, according to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Fact Book 2012. The South Asian nation recorded the highest budget deficit in two decades in the fiscal year through June as it missed its tax target.
The nation's fiscal deficit may be 7.5 percent of gross domestic product this year, wider than the government's target of 4.7 percent, the IMF said in January.
State Monopolies
Sharif, whose family owns steel and sugar mills, ended state monopolies in shipping, airlines and telecommunications during his two terms as prime minister in the 1990s.
Pakistan's $210 billion economy grew an average 3.8 percent each year during Sharif's stints as premier, according to data on the World Bank's website. Under Zardari's five-year administration, growth slowed to an average 3 percent, less than half the annual pace of the previous five years, as the economy was crippled by record power blackouts lasting as long as 18 hours a day.
The KSE 100 Index (KSE100) rose as much as 1.3 percent, extending yesterday's gains. Overseas investors bought $202 million worth of Pakistani shares this year, the most since the same period in 2010, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
National Budget
The finance minister will have to present the national budget for the year starting July 1 next month.
Sharif's party dominated its Punjab bastion in the election and reduced Zardari's Pakistan Peoples Party to a third of its previous strength in parliament, according to the official results.
Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz will seek the support of independents to form Pakistan's government, Shahbaz Sharif, a party leader, told reporters in Lahore yesterday.
The ballot marked the first time a civilian government completed its term and transferred power to a successor. Pakistan has been ruled for half its history by the military. The voter turnout was about 60 percent, according to the Election Commission of Pakistan, compared with 44 percent in the 2008 election.
To contact the reporters on this story: Augustine Anthony in Karachi at aanthony9bloomberg.net; Khurrum Anis in Karachi at email@example.com;
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Rosalind Mathieson at firstname.lastname@example.com


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