text:
Hi Everyone,
Just a couple of months back i never even knew such forums existed. I'm really not a watch guy, the only 2 watches i've ever owned being a 40 yr old Seiko Diver hand me down, and a Suunto digital dive computer that i've been using as my daily watch for the past 6 years, EVERDAY. Well i did own a G-Shock for a couple of days when i was much younger before i decided to test it's "shock-proofness', and wrecked it on my first try.
Anyway, it all started about 2 months ago when i noticed a mate of mine surfing the internet looking at Omega watches ( He was looking for a Seamaster 2594 and found it soon after). We began talking and then i went home that night i started 'just looking' at the different Omegas online and i was HOOKED!! Going through countless of websites and spending lots of time surfing through WUS and reading everyone's reviews and thoughts until it came to the point that i could memorize almost every Omega reference number on the market now and in the past decade!! Settled on looking for a Seamaster Pro as i'm very much a 'Sea" person who dives a lot. i even bought my girlfriend a vintage 1960s NOS Seamaster for her birthday. And then about a week back while spending my study time on this forum i started reading about lot's of guys out there having the dilemma of choosing between the Seamaster or Speedmaster. I didnt even know what a chronograph was really for then other then to look sophisticated, and there begin my 'Omegache' - Omega Headache which i have been having for the past few weeks. I'm not that well off that I can easily afford a few watches that i like and the one i get would probably be on my wrist for the next 10 years, as such i spend many sleepless nights, even lying awake in bed just staring and comparing these 2 watches...
Well long boring story short, I finally got my very own Omega today, a brand new Speedmaster Pro 3570.50!!!! Got a really good deal on it from a local shop, too good to miss out on and continue looking for my Seamaster that i initially wanted!! Reasons i ended up choosing the Speedy -
1. All the history & legacy in this watch. It was a Speedy Pro almost 50 years ago, it still is a Speedy pro today, and probably will be the Speedy Pro 50 years on.
2. I knew i wanted a watch that i could buy now, wear it almost everyday and still be able to pass it on. Something i knew i wouldn't be tempted to let go.
3. Was drawn to it being a mechanical hand wound watch, something that stands out among all the automatics and quartz we find today. And it looks more like the Precision Instrument that it is than something that just tells the time
4. It's a watch that does not look very spectacular when you wear it for the very first time, but it's timeless versatile design grows on you and with you. The more i look at it, the more i seem to fall in love with this watch.
4. And what really sealed the deal was someone once saying on this forum that it is " so much watch for the money", i guess both in technical terms and much more than that too.
Well, just could not resist sharing this on my very first post on this forum because i am so very happy tonight!!! No more just staring at all your photos now!!!
And what i really want to do is say a huge THANK YOU to everyone on this forum whose posts, reviews and comments contributed in many ways in my decision towards getting my very first REAL watch!!! THANK YOU!!!
**Will post up photos soon!!**


text:
Suspected Hezbollah operative Ali Mussa Daqduq was freed by Iraqi authorities and flew to Lebanon on Friday after an Iraqi court acquitted him of involvement in the killing of five U.S. soldiers, his lawyer said.
The move was likely to anger the United States, which handed Daqduq over to Iraqi custody last December after failing to convince Baghdad to extradite him over his role in a 2007 kidnapping that ended in the killing of the soldiers.
"There was no reason for his detention. Last night the decision was made to release him. He is out now and arrived in Beirut two hours ago," lawyer Abdulalmehdi al-Mutiri told Reuters by phone. "There are no charges against him in Iraq. His detention was political, not legal."
Earlier this year, U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told Reuters he had received assurances from Iraq it would not release Daqduq, even though an Iraqi court had cleared him of the charges.
The fate of Daqduq became a source of tension between Baghdad and Washington last year as the U.S. military prepared to withdraw from Iraq.
Daqduq was captured in March 2007 and initially said he was a deaf mute. U.S. forces accused him of being a surrogate for Iran's elite Quds force operatives and say he joined the Lebanese Shi'ite militant group Hezbollah in 1983.
(Reporting by Suadad al-Salhy; Writing by Isabel Coles; Editing by Mark Heinrich)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Writing an International Resume
|Koelbel 102 (Business Bulding)
Writing an effective international resume is one of the most important parts of the global job-search toolkit. An international resume is completely different from the U.S. in format, structure, quality and quantity of information. Sending an effective international resume to an employer allows you to be considered for the position you are applying for and helps to show that you are hirable because you have what it takes to live, work, and do business abroad.
Speaker: Antonio Papuzza has worked in a number of international business consulting, cultural mediation, and language services projects within Europe and the USA, with clients including Pearson Prentice Hall, Rosetta Stone, and Italian national institutions. Prior to this, he worked in sales and marketing with European Network GLS, in addition to co-founding a nonprofit organization that operated internationally. He possesses a doctorate in Anthropological Sciences (Economic and Business Anthropology) and instructs in international business in the Leeds School of Business at CU


text:
Mall Shopping The Day After Christmas Is Not For The Faint Of Heart (Or The Impatient)
I went to the mall yesterday. I was not prepared. I said on the air yesterday I was thinking about heading to the mall after work, but didn't want to deal with looking for parking and the crowds and the general insanity I figured the mall would be. It was just as bad as I imagined.


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Bishop GModel Male Greenville, South Carolina, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/Bishop
Mayhem # 519465
About Me
Welcome to my world I hope that you enjoy yourself the time that u spend with me getting to know me a little better. Please take note of the hard work all the photographers put in to accomplish these shots. It is my firm belief that no mater how good the model is, or no matter how nice they look, they are nothing without a photographer who has a good eye. Teamwork is a must. If the model and the photographer can work together to accomplish one common goal the work that follows has no choice but to be fantastic. I'm always looking for new and creative ways to push myself to the next level. Very willing to try new and exciting ideas that will benefit both myself and the people I work with. I offer experience and professionalism which makes for a fun productive shoot. I try very hard to become one with the camera, as to give the capture that is desired by the photographer. I do work very well with a diverse group of people. Easy to coach and a very manageable person. I embrace photography and the talent that involves capturing images through a lens. I am interested in print, fashion, commercial, and TV! I prefer to work with photographers who have a unique sense of style I like to be DIFFERENT and I'm willing to try UNIQUE concepts that will separate me from other models.
Have you worked with Bishop G? Add Credits for Bishop G! >>
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text:
Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
Embellished jersey T-shirt
View product details
Embellished jersey T-shirt
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- - Fits true to size, take your normal size
- - Loose fit
- - Lightweight, stretchy fabric
- - Model is 177cm/ 5'10" and is wearing a size XSmall
Take a playful yet glamorous approach to your bridal or honeymoon attire with Lanvin's crystal and raffia-embellished jersey T-shirt. With a sweet 'Married In The Sun' motif, this off-white tee will look fresh and sparkling with everything from tailored shorts to fluid maxi skirts.
Shown here with: Lanvin earrings, bracelet and skirt, Valentino shoes, Bottega Veneta clutch.
- - Off-white semi-sheer jersey
- - Crystal and raffia-embellished 'Married In The Sun' motif, raffia-trimmed bottom hem, sequined heart at back of neck
- - Slips on
- - 100% viscose
- - Dry clean
Product Code: 181991
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Product Code: 181991


text:
Meridian, ID, USA < change city >
DJs (8)
Cakes (7)
Caterers (6)
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Coordinators (5)
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Ceremony Sites (68)
Reception Sites (50)
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ANNE AND PAUL 'S WEDDINGOctober, 2010 in Boise
"Paul and I had a fantastic wedding and one reason was our amazing vendors. I really enjoyed the planning and everyone seemed to have a great time. Idaho is our home and it was a beautiful fall backdrop for our wedding."
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Ceremony: Silverstone Amenity Center
Reception: Silverstone Amenity Center
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- Cakes/Candies Vendor: Greg Marsh Designer Cakes
- Florist: Boise at its Best
- Caterer: Brick 29 Bistro
- Photographer: Tana Photography
- Coordinator: Soiree
- Wedding Day Beauty Vendor: Breathtaking by Camille
- DJ: Almost Famous Entertainment
- Ceremony and Reception: Silverstone Amenity Center
- Restaurant: Grape Escape
- Hotel: Hotel 43
- Restaurant: La Vie En Rose Bakery & Bistro
- Restaurant: Amigos Mexican Restaurant
- Restaurant: Le Cafe De Paris
- Restaurant: Angell's Bar and Grill
- Entertainment : Boise Art Museum
- Restaurant: Berryhill & Co
- Entertainment : Boise Green Belt
- Restaurant: Cafe Vicino
- Entertainment : Idaho Botanical Garden
- Restaurant: Chandlers Steakhouse-Boise
- Entertainment : Old Idaho Penitentiary Site
- Restaurant: Cottonwood Grille
- Entertainment : The Farmstead Corn Maze and Pumpkin Festival
- Restaurant: Flatbread Community Oven Pizzeria
- Entertainment : Zoo Boise
- Restaurant: Goldy's Breakfast Bistro
Cakes/Candies Vendor:
Greg Marsh Designer Cakes611 E. State
Eagle, Idaho 8616, United States
(208) 938-6262
"Greg and his staff were friendly and helpful. More importantly, his cakes were absolutely gorgeous, and even more delicious."
Brick 29 Bistro320 11th Avenue S # 100
Nampa, ID, United States
"Chef Dustin was great to work with and his food is out of this world. He created a completely personalized menu for us and it was more delicious than I could have ever imagined."
Soiree10751 W. Overland Rd
Ste 190A
Boise, ID 83709, USA
"Brandi was an amazing coordinator. I hired her at the beginning of our 10 month long engagement and was thankful everyday that I did. She went above and beyond to ensure that we were happy with our day. Not only was Brandi, amazingly helpful, she was necessary."
Almost Famous EntertainmentBoise, ID, USA
"Marty was fantastic. From the first meeting through our wedding I had complete confidence that he would do an amazing job- and he did! Everyone raved about his skills!"
Boise at its Best851 South Vista Avenue
Boise, ID, United States
"Boise at its Best was great to work with and they really worked with me to give me what I wanted. The flowers did not turn out exactly how I imagined them, but they were still beautiful and very well done."
Tana PhotographyBoise, Idaho, USA
"I have done three separate shoots with Tana and each one has been amazing. She spends so much more time planning and envisioning your shoot than the actual time spent shooting. Her work is beautiful and she will give you breathtaking images to remember your day."
Wedding Day Beauty Vendor:
Breathtaking by CamilleBoise, ID, USA
"Camille did a fantastic job on my hair and makeup. She made me feel comfortable and beautiful on our wedding day."
Ceremony and Reception:
Silverstone Amenity Center3405 E Overland Rd
Meridian, ID 83642
Hotel 43981 W Grove St
Boise, ID, United States
Amigos Mexican Restaurant2870 West State Street
Boise, Idaho, United States
Angell's Bar and Grill999 W Main St
Boise, ID, United States
Berryhill & Co121 N 9th St # 102
Boise, ID, United States
Cafe Vicino808 W Fort St
Boise, ID, United States
Chandlers Steakhouse-Boise981 W Grove St
Boise, ID, United States
Cottonwood Grille913 W River St
Boise, ID, United States
Flatbread Community Oven Pizzeria615 W Main St
Boise, ID 83702
Goldy's Breakfast Bistro108 S Capitol Blvd
Boise, ID, United States
Grape Escape800 W Idaho St # 100
Boise, ID, United States
La Vie En Rose Bakery & Bistro928 W Main St
Boise, ID, United States
Le Cafe De Paris204 North Capitol Boulevard
Boise, Idaho, United States
Entertainment :
Boise Art Museum670 Julia Davis Drive
Boise, ID, United States
"Currently BAM is showing the 2010 Idaho Triennial exhibition."
Entertainment :
Boise Green Belt1104 Royal Blvd
Boise, ID 83706
Entertainment :
Idaho Botanical Garden2355 N. Old Penitentiary Rd.
Boise, ID, United States
Entertainment :
Old Idaho Penitentiary Site2445 Old Penitentiary Rd
Boise, ID, United States
Entertainment :
The Farmstead Corn Maze and Pumpkin FestivalS Rackham Way
Meridian, ID 83642
Entertainment :
Zoo Boise355 Julia Davis Dr
Boise, Idaho, United States


text:
Serves 10
The aromatic Moroccan spice mixture, ras el hanout, used in these little meatballs is typically made with allspice, cinnamon, cloves, coriander and cumin seeds, ginger and peppercorns. Pork can he used instead of lamb, although it's not a meat normally eaten in Morocco.
1 heaping tsp cornstarch
2 tblsp vegetable oil
10 baby romaine lettuce leaves
5 mint leaves
5 cilantro leaves
1/2 cup chili sauce
For the Moroccan meatballs:
4 oz ground lamb or pork
1 scallion, chopped
2 tsp ras el hanout
2 tblsp chopped fresh cilantro
2 tblsp white sesame seeds
Salt & freshly ground pepper to taste
Mix all the ingredients together for the meatballs and roll into 20 balls.
Sprinkle the cornstarch on a tray and roll the balls in it to lightly coat.
Heat the oil in a frying pan and fry the meatballs in batches over medium heat for 3-4 minutes or until well browned.
Remove with a slotted spoon to drain on paper towels. Let them cool a little. Put a warm meatball on each lettuce leaf and place a mint or cilantro leaf on top. Serve with the chili sauce to dip.
Advance preparation:
Fry the meatballs 8 hours before, cool, cover, and chill. Reheat them at 375 degrees F. for 10 minutes or until hot. Prepare the lettuce, cilantro, and mint; cover, and chill up to 8 hours before.
The meatballs can be frozen cooked or uncooked 4 weeks ahead.
Party Food:
The Essential Guide to Menus, Drinks, and Planning
By Lorna Wing
Photography by Jan Baldwin
Soma Books
Cloth, $30.00
160 pages, full color photographs throughout
Recipe Reprinted by permission.
This page created April 1999
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text:
Recovery is possible.
We support people to have a safe, dignified, personally meaningful and gratifying life in the community.
Recovery and wellbeing
The good news is that recovery from mental illness is possible. The experience of recovery is deeply personal and individual, however it usually involves managing your mental health, developing new skills, and rediscovering a meaningful sense of belonging and identity.
Recovery does not happen in isolation. People who have experienced mental illness and recovery talk about the importance of developing quality relationships that support them. Developing and maintaining hope and inspiration, self-determination and taking responsibility for the process, also all support recovery.
As each person has a different pathway to recovery, people find their own activities and approaches to situations that work for them. Some people will find mindfulness exercises such as meditation contribute to their wellbeing, while someone else may not.
The pages in this section (which will be added to regularly) are general introductions to activities or aspects of life to build and maintain your own personal wellbeing and mental health.


text:
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Eliot Maine
Posts: 865
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|Thread Tools
Originally Posted by baybee
Your mission, should you accept it, is to find that way of being.
Originally Posted by Telle Bear
OK, so I am prepared to get beat up right now:
Originally Posted by Telle Bear
she asked a question and basically had text books thrown at her!!
Originally Posted by A&A
I'll try not to beat you up too much, but the more I think about your title, the more irked I get. Even the most vocal, tactless, in-your-face chew-'em-up-and-spit-'em-out intactivist has my admiration a million times more than the most meek and mild circ'er. Hell ya' I'm proud. Loud and proud.
Originally Posted by pdx.mothernurture
I guess my philosophy kinda goes back to, "You can catch more flies with honey than with vinager.", KWIM?
Originally Posted by zaftigmama
I can see the validity of the point the OP is making. I just wonder if a board titled "The Case Against Circumcision" is a great place to ask questions about the choice to circumcise. It's not called "Circumcision Information" or "Pros and Cons about Circumcision." It's hard to believe people get surprised that we're actively and vocally against circumcision.
Why exactly did the woman come here? To find out the best day to circumcise? I mean, if she came here looking for answers because she wasn't sure whether she was going to circumcise or not, ok. But to find the best day? It goes against everything we believe in.
Take care,
SAHM to Ivan 6/10/05 who says and Matilda 1/31/08 who says :::
Originally Posted by A&A
I get so tired of the basic statement of, "Oh those darn intactivists made me circ my son because they were so mean to me." As I've said before when this topic has come up, they were going to circ anyway and we just became the scapegoat.
The truest answer to violence is love. The truest answer to death is life. The only prevention for violence is for the heart to have no violence within it. We cannot prevent evil through any system devised by mankind. But we can grapple with evil and defeat it, but only with love—real love.
Originally Posted by lilyka
In this case ai would have answered her question first. told her when it was done usually, what the advantages are to waiting, how it reduces some of the risk (specifically, which gives one a chance to harp on the risks )and makes pain relief safer. then i would have asked her some questions about why she was considering and wht she thought the cons were and asked her if she had any questions. iwould have acknowledged that this is a big descision etc. . .this wuld open a conversation and help her feel safe discussion it and asking questions.
Originally Posted by coloradoalice
I doubt she feels worse than the baby will as he is strapped to a board and has part of his body ripped and cut off.
I hate to sound harsh, but seriously especially online, you don't know if you will ever encounter that person again and you gotta get the information out there. It may be overwhelming, but you can't really sit there and wait to see if anyone else puts information up. So I guess sometimes it can be an avalanche of information. But I'd rather that than no one say anything at all!
Christy Mom to DS 4/21/04 DD 9/20/09 DD 7/2/11
Originally Posted by Pandora114
And FYI: It's against the UA to talk about what goes on on other boards...especially going so far as to name it..
*no I'm not a granola ambassador, I've just had threads deleted and mods asking me not to do it again for doing the same thing..*
|Telle Bear: Well, I find it very interested that some of you are upset with my wording of this thread. I hate to say this, but it proves my whole point !!
|Telle Bear: Things can be said without offending or upsetting people!!
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text:
Wednesday August 15, 2012
With respect to the new Synthetic Pyrethroid labeling, is a wooden deck an impervious surface? What about landscape stones, rocks, bricks with gaps of soil between, or rock with soil under it? Are these considered impervious surfaces?
Frank, CA
You probably are not going to be thrilled with my response Frank, because I really cannot give you a firm answer on these very specific options. This falls into the realm of "interpreting" the new label restrictions beyond the exact wording provided by EPA, and in your case by CDPR. This would best be answered by your own local regulatory agency, since they are the ones who would be allowed to say yes it falls within the label allowances or no it does not.
Mr. Pest Control
Register now for PestWeb to get instant access to all of Mr. Pest Control's in-depth answers!Register Now Ask a Question Add to My Favorite Questions
Please note, Mr. Pest Control is answering questions supplied by PMP customers across North America. His answers are generated from industry and manufacturer-provided information. The answer may not be specific to the laws and regulations for your State, Province, Territory or Country. In addition, products mentioned may not be registered and or available in all areas. Always check with your local Univar office for specific information to your area. Always read and follow label directions.


text:
During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, telecommunications underwent revolutionary changes as first the telegraph, and then the telephone, emerged and transitioned to wireless transmission. Now, at the advent of the Twenty-First Century, an even more revolutionary transition is taking place as the Internet moves into the wireless domain. Like its predecessors, today's wireless revolution is being made possible by major strides in electro-technology. In particular, the current drive to push system capacity, quality of service, and mobility, well beyond their preconceived limits, is being enabled by striking innovations in signal processing methods and technology. This talk will provide an overview of these developments in the context of their impact on emerging and future wireless communications applications such mobile multimedia communications, wireless broadband, and sensor networks.
H. Vincent Poor (Ph.D., Princeton 1977) is the George Van Ness Lothrop Professor in Engineering at Princeton University, where he is engaged in research and teaching in the areas of communications and signal processing with applications in a variety of fields, including wireless networking. He is the author of more than 500 publications in these areas, including the recent book, "Wireless Communication Systems: Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception."
Dr. Poor is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Optical Society of America, and other organizations. In 1990, he served as President of the IEEE Information Theory Society. He has recently received the NSF Director's Award (2002) and a Guggenheim Fellowship (2002-03). He is currently on sabbatical leave from Princeton, dividing the year among Imperial College, Stanford and Harvard.


text:
Honestly, if you buddy wants to reduce recoil on a 9mm G17... he needs to learn how to hold it properly. Porting a 9mm isn't the answer. Proper grip and stance will have far better outcome and be much cheaper than porting the 17.
Besides, there really isn't that much recoil to a 9mm to begin with.


text:
When I was a kid, my mom wouldn't let my sister and I wear bikinis until we were 12 years old. As a result, it always shocked me when I saw little girls sporting bikinis before they were even out of diapers!
The modern bikini might not be considered as sassy as it used to be, but do you think it's appropriate for children? These little swimsuits require parents to weigh fashion against other pressing concerns, like sun protection, movement and concerns about skin exposure in general.
Are you a baby bikini fan? Why or why not? At what age do you think it's appropriate for little girls to wear bikinis? You tell us!


text:
|View single post by trytrytry
|Posted: Fri Feb 10th, 2006 06:38 pm
|I just replace my handle. Tried to follow the procedures outlined by others and found that if I did as Loram indicated, namely not to try putting the handle on while it is on the actuator, but rather trigger the mechanism to get it to a closed position, then working on a table and using a c-clamp to squeeze the sides together, I was able to push the handle on with moderate force.
Thanks everyone for the help!!!


text:
Putin's murder foiled, says paper
Vladimir Putin … the sole target of the alleged plot.
Photo: Reuters
MOSCOW: Security forces foiled a sniper's attempt to kill the President, Vladimir Putin, near the Kremlin, a Russian newspaper has reported.
The Kremlin declined to comment on the report by a Moscow tabloid, Tvoi Den, which is known for its strong law-enforcement sources.
Tvoi Den quoted an unnamed source as saying a sniper was arrested shortly before Mr Putin walked through the gates of the Kremlin on election night, March 2, to appear at a concert held next to the Red Square.
The concert was celebrating the election victory of Mr Putin's protege, Dmitry Medvedev, and although the two men walked through the gates together, the newspaper said Mr Putin was the plot's only target.
Itar-Tass news agency quoted a source at Russia's security services as denying that people detained early this month for possession of automatic weapons had intended to kill Mr Putin.
"The information that these people planned any actions against the country's leadership is absolutely wrong," the source said.
Mr Medvedev will be inaugurated as president on May 7 and has pledged to follow the policies of Mr Putin, who will serve as prime minister.
Many analysts are questioning the durability, given the ongoing battles between political clans.
Some clans are keen to keep the positions they built under Mr Putin but might lose under Mr Medvedev if he becomes the final decision-maker.
The FSB Russian security service also declined to comment on Tvoi Den's report, which printed a photo of the alleged sniper, a young man from the former Soviet republic of Tajikistan, who was arrested in in a residential building next to Red Square.
The head of FSB, Nikolai Patrushev, said this week his office had prevented a number of acts of terrorism and sabotage, which had been due to coincide with the elections.
In October, security services warned Mr Putin that suicide bombers and kidnappers were preparing to kill or capture him during a visit to Tehran.
send photos, videos & tip-offs to 0424 SMS SMH (+61 424 767 764), or us.
Did you know you could pay less than $1 a day for a subscription to the Herald? Subscribe today.


text:
FLORENCE – The Broadway play, "The Color Purple," which is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Alice Walker and the moving film by Steven Spielberg, will be performed at the Francis Marion University Performing Arts Center on Tuesday, Jan. 17 at 7:30 p.m.
The play is the unforgettable and inspiring story of a woman named Celie, who finds the strength to triumph over adversity, and discover here unique voice in the world. With a joyous, Grammy nominated score featuring gospel, jazz, pop and the blues, it is about hope and the healing power of love.
This show is the third of four in the "Broadway Series" being performed during the PAC's inaugural year. The final show is Neil Berg's 100 years of Broadway which will be performed on Feb. 2.
In addition to the "Broadway Series," there are four others during the PAC's season that runs until May of 2012. Those series include, concerts, family oriented shows and a variety series as well as a wide range of acts in the smaller, more intimate Black Box Theatre. Information on the complete season is available at www.fmupac.org.
Prices for tickets, which are limited, begin at $55 and may be purchased at www.fmupac.org, via telephone at (843) 661-4444, and at the FMU Performing Arts Center Box Office. Telephone and personal ticket sales are available Monday through Friday between 12-5 p.m. Subject to availability, tickets may be available for purchase at the door.
The PAC is located in downtown Florence at the intersection of Dargan and Evans Streets.


text:
Even after some correct alignment of the gear linkage I still get the problem that a quick change to 3rd from 2nd makes a CRUNCH!
So, I've had suggestions of putting a bolt through the rubber mount and inserting pieces of rubber into the gaps on the mount but it was all discussed a while ago and I can't really remember.
Anyone got any hints as I need to get it all running well before the 26th


text:
Track My Order
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Product WRL-09367
about 7 years ago
We can't get this to work with the Arduino Duemilanove. More specifically we don't receive any response from the SPI chip. Is there any starter code?
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Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
By Paula Schleis
Beacon Journal staff writer
Stow City Council discussed a controversial rezoning proposal by auto dealer Ron Marhofer during its meeting Thursday night at City Hall. (Marchae Grair/Ohio.com file photo)
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Creepy Monsters, Sleepy Monsters (edition 2011)
by Jane Yolen, Kelly Murphy (Illustrator)
Work details
Creepy Monsters, Sleepy Monsters by Jane Yolen
No current Talk conversations about this book.
36 months - great Monster drawings but the story really wasn't all that inspired.
This book was about monsters who are doing everyday things like running and tumbling. Eventually, just like kids, the monsters become worn out and need to rest. I think kids would appreciate the illustrations and rhyming throughout the story.
"Monsters creep, Monsters crawl, / Over the meadow, And up the wall," begins this monstrous bedtime book from the prolific Jane Yolen, with artwork by Kelly Murphy. The simple sing-song narrative, which follows two particular monsters as they make their way home one evening, gives way to onomatopoeic play at the end, as the two little creatures toss and turn in bed, until finally... well, the inevitable happens.
Chosen as one of our October selections in the Picture-Book Club to which I belong, where our theme this month is "witches and monsters," Creepy Monsters, Sleepy Monsters is more on the sweet, than the scary side. The illustrations, done in oil, acrylic and gel(?), are lots of fun, with a cute, cartoon-like style that won me over. The narrative makes for good reading aloud, until the final section, which felt rather tacked on to me. Still, I can see some young kids getting a kick out of this one, as long as they aren't put off by the "monsters" bit.
Yolen, J. (2011). Creepy monsters, sleepy monsters. (Ill. by Kelly Murphy.) Candlewick. 32 pp. ISBN: 0763642010. (hardcover) $11.18.
Creep, gurgle, crawl, and tumble! Meet two young monsters who are far from scary -- they are too busy having fun. Young children and parents alike will find much to identify with as they follow these lovable little monsters getting ready for bed. With wildly colorful illustrations full of whimsy and warmth, Kelly Murphy brings Yolen's gently rhyming tale to life! The large fonts and delightful rhyming pattern will help engage readers. This book would be a great help for children who are afraid of the dark, with friendly images, it makes it a great way to talk about how monsters are harmless because they are just like we are! - Michelle Angel
Simple text ...
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Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0763642010, Hardcover)Beloved author Jane Yolen scares up a new rhyming read-aloud about the snarfing, growling, snoring way that monsters go to bed.
Creep, gurgle, crawl, tumble! Meet two young monsters who are far from scary - they're too busy having fun. They go to school, play outside with their friends, and eat after-school snacks. But they also have a bedtime, whether or not they're ready for it! Young children and parents alike will find much to identify with as they follow these lovable little monsters getting ready for bed. With wildly colorful illustrations full of whimsy and warmth, Kelly Murphy brings Jane Yolen's gently rhyming tale to rambunctious life.
(retrieved from Amazon Thu, 12 Mar 2015 18:22:11 -0400)
Two rambunctious monsters creep, gurgle, crawl, and tumble before falling asleep.
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Think you know it all? Test yourself with the new board game, Cash Flow at Risk.
Kate Plourd, CFO Magazine
May 1, 2008
Up to speed on Syrian corporate tax rates? Happen to know which country is considered the "Switzerland of South America" because of its regional stability and offshore banking?* Then Cash Flow at Risk is the board game for you.
Think of it as Trivial Pursuit–meets–treasury management, with a little role-playing thrown in. As the treasurer of a global company, you're charged with raising 76 million euros to fund an approaching acquisition. You'll have to raise 12 million euros in each of six regions by answering questions on local treasury management, politics, technology, economics, geography, and culture.
*Syria's maximum corporate tax is 35 percent. The "Switzerland of South America" is Uruguay.
Try These Sample Questions
1. France
2. The Ringgit (MYR)
3. Iran
4. 1999
5. Indonesia
6. 1966
For more info, E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


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text:
Dessert is the natural conclusion to a meal, much like an explosion is the natural conclusion to every community-theater production. Give your dinner an exciting finale with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $35 for two entrees and one dessert (a $71.50 value)
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Guests can select entrees (up to a $31 value each) from a seafood-based menu that includes prawns, mussels, and scallops. All entrees come with a choice of salad or clam chowder soup. For dessert, guests enjoy a choice of white-chocolate cheesecake or double-fudge chocolate cake sweetened with raspberry sauce.
Alioto's Waterside Café
Located on the first level of its parent restaurant, Alioto's Waterside Café gives diners prime views of the Bay and Sicilian-style seafood, a combination that lead Gayot to conclude that "locals love the place, especially if they were born with … some serious Italian taste buds."
The fourth-generation family-owned seafood restaurant, which began as a small stand on Fisherman's Wharf in 1925, lauds its dungeness crab, echoing Frommer's assessment that whether it's "cracked, caked, stuffed, or stewed, it's impossible to get your fill." The menu lists six official cooking styles for the dungeness: hot or cold, wharf style, garlic-butter sauce, Asian style, Old Bay seasoning, or Cajun style. Each way offers different flavors, but the wharf style's merger of white wine and garlic might evoke the meat's richness the best. Lest all six options leave room for more, clams, lobster, scallops, and steak round out the menu. Pair it all with a glass from Alioto's wine list, winner of a Wine Spectator Award of Excellence.
Customer Reviews
Fisherman's Wharf, Taylor & Jefferson
San Francisco, CA 94133
+14156730183Get Directions


text:
Have you removed the old Nessus 2.2.6 before installing?Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Because that's exact the error you get when you remove the Nessus 2.2.6 before installing Nessus 3.0.
I have got a problem with nessusd:
root@slax:/opt/nessus/sbin# ls
nessus-add-first-user* nessus-check-signature* nessus-mkcert* nessus-update-plugins*
nessus-adduser* nessus-chpasswd* nessus-rmuser* nessusd*
root@slax:/opt/nessus/sbin# nessusd
-bash: /usr/local/sbin/nessusd: No such file or directory
root@slax:/opt/nessus/sbin# ./nessusd
./nessusd: error while loading shared libraries: libnessus.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
How can I fix this? Thanks.
Have you removed the old Nessus 2.2.6 before installing?Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Because that's exact the error you get when you remove the Nessus 2.2.6 before installing Nessus 3.0.
FIRST I have installed Nessus 3.0, I tried its nessusd, but there was the error, THEN I uninstalled Nessus 2.0, but the error didn't disappear. Any suggestion?
The problem is that the uninstall may not delete all of the files. When 3.X installs, it does not install in to the same directory structure. If you do a "which nessud", (/usr/local/sbin/nessusd) you will see where the old one is, and can delete it. The new directory structure is "/opt/nessus/*", nessusd being in /opt/nessus/sbin and nessus being in /opt/nessus/bin. You need to change your PATH to reflect the new path.
Originally Posted by Pidgeon
This is the output:
root@slax:~# which nessusd
Then I have seen in:
But I haven't found nessusd.
By the way if I try:
root@slax:~# cd /opt/nessus/bin
root@slax:/opt/nessus/bin# nessusd
nessusd: error while loading shared libraries: libnessus.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
So what could I do?
It looks like which found the new one, in /opt/nessus/sbin
Don't know why you cd'd in to bin, "nessusd" is in sbin. I doubt that "." is in your path, so you need to type "./nessusd" for example, while in the /opt/nessus/sbin directory. I had the same problem with the libraries, so I "cp -R /opt/nessus/lib/* /lib/". I also had to do a link in the /lib directory, "ln libdb-4.2.so libdb-4.3.so".Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Of course, like I said you could edit your PATH, and change the current nessus paths, to /opt/nessus/bin & sbin.Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Two problems:
1) I don't know how to modify the PATH
2) The command:
root@slax:/opt/nessus/sbin# cd /opt/nessus/lib
root@slax:/opt/nessus/lib# ln libdb-4.2.so libdb-4.3.so
ln: accessing `libdb-4.2.so': No such file or directory
Don't work.
1) Bummer. one way "PATH=$PATH:/opt/nessus/sbin:/opt/nessus/bin" ; export PATH". Add this statement to /etc/profile to make it permenant between boots.
2) What I meant was, after you copied the libs from /opt/nessus/lib/ to /lib, then cd to /lib and run the command.
Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Thanks very much for the guide and the help, now it seems to work... I have got the last two questions, I hope you can answer them:
1) How do I execute a command everytime BackTrack starts?
The command is:
dhcpcd eth0
2) I have found the /etc/profile file but I don't know where to add:
"PATH=$PATH:/opt/nessus/sbin:/opt/nessus/bin" ; export PATH"
Thanks again.
Assuming that you have a hard drive installation, then cd to /etc/rc.d and edit the rc.inet1 file. Uncomment the lines that are not comments. Or at least put any network configuration commands (including the dhcpcd eth0) at the bottom of that file.
Add the following line at the bottom. You don't need the export.Originally Posted by Pidgeon
Originally Posted by Pidgeon


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|7 Sep 1999
|Filing date
|25 Jul 1997
|Priority date
|25 Jul 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Pallavi Pyreddy, W. Bruce Croft
|Original Assignee
|Sovereign Hill Software, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (103), Classifications (19), Legal Events (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to retrieving data from textual data sources and, in particular, to identifying tabular data embedded in a text document and facilitating the inclusion of the tabular data in a corpus to be searched.
Current information retrieval techniques deal with word-based retrieval mechanisms. This is especially true for textual documents. While word-based retrieval mechanisms perform fairly well for highly-focused searches which query a text document for a limited number of keywords, word-based retrieval may overlook diffuse sources of information embedded in a document, such as tables.
Along with providing a source of information in textual documents which word-based retrieval techniques find difficult to tap, tables embedded in a textual document often contain regularity which may be used to augment the capabilities of word-based retrieval systems. Information retrieval tools which are able to exploit cues given by embedded structure within a document can provide users additional power and flexibility in query specification.
Recent techniques for incorporating cues from structural regularities in a document focus primarily on extracting tables from documents. However, these techniques do not distinguish between various table components and are, therefore, unable to allow structured data queries on fields in the table.
Other similar techniques exist in the automated document structuring art, especially bit-mapped images. However, these techniques are primarily concerned with detecting structure in image documents and using the detected structure for traditional image processing and pattern recognition tasks.
Users of information retrieval systems can be provided with more flexible and powerful searches when the system is capable of detecting and exploiting structure embedded in textual documents. One important kind of structure embedded in a textual document is a data table. Often, the gist of an entire news article or other kind of text document can be concisely captured in tabular form. Extracting tabular data, decomposing it into its constituent elements such as table entries, captions, column and row headings, and exploiting the information in these data may lead to enhanced accuracy in word-based intelligent information retrieval systems. Such tabular data is generally embedded in the text of a document without Standardized General Markup Language (SGML) markers separating it from the rest of the text.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method accepting as input a text document and identifying tables and their component fields embedded in the text document. The method begins by storing in a memory element a character alignment graph which indicates the number of textual characters appearing in a particular location in the textual document for a predetermined number of contiguous lines. A line from the text document is identified as belonging to a table when the number of characters in a particular location falls below a predetermined threshold. All of the lines identified as belonging to a table are extracted into a table, and one or more captions for the extracted table are identified on the basis of structural patterns contained in the extracted table.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for facilitating data retrieval from tables embedded in a text document. The method begins by storing in a memory element a character alignment graph which indicates the number of textual characters appearing in a particular location in the textual document for a predetermined number of contiguous lines. A line from the text document is identified as belonging to a table when the number of characters in a particular location falls below a predetermined threshold. All of the lines identified as belonging to a table are extracted into a table, and one or more captions for the extracted table are identified on the basis of structural patterns contained in the extracted table. Each caption is associated with a caption tag and each table entry is associated with a table entry tag. The tagged, extracted table is field indexed to allow structured database queries to be applied to the table.
In still another aspect, the present invention relates to system for performing queries on tables embedded in textual documents. The system includes a table extractor which accepts as input a text document and processes it to identify at least one table embedded in the text document. The system also includes a component tagger, which accepts as input the tables extracted by the table extractor and separates the table into caption lines and table entry lines. An indexing unit indexes the tagged table so that a structured data query can be applied to the extracted, tagged table.
The invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. The advantages of the invention described above, as well as further advantages of the invention, may be better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the steps taken by the table extractor shown in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a system constructed in accordance with the present invention 10 includes an initial preprocessing module 12 which accepts as input regular text documents from a document database 14, extracts table data from the input text documents, and tags the components of an extracted table for indexing purposes. Components may include captions, headlines, table entries, row headings, column headings, or other table fields. The table output of the preprocessing module 12 is indexed and stored in a structured document database 16. Users may then query the structured document database 16 to retrieve information, including table entries which match the data query submitted by the user.
It is understood that the document database 14, the preprocessing module 12, and the structured database 16 may be hosted on the same machine. In these embodiments, the document database 14 and the structured database 16 may be stored on the same mass storage device or, to improve performance and provide a level of fault-tolerance, each database may be stored on a separate mass storage device. In further of these embodiments, each database may be stored across a plurality of mass storage devices, for example, in systems which include Redundant Array of Individual Disks (RAID) drives. Alternatively, the document database 14, the preprocessing module 12, and the structured database 16 may be stored on separate machines and connected via a network, which may include wireless media. Any network protocol may be used to allow communication between the preprocessing module 12 and the databases for these embodiments, including Ethernet, TCP/IP, LDAP, FTP, or AppleTalk.
As shown in FIG. 1, the preprocessing module 12 includes two submodules: the table extractor 20; and the component tagger 30. The table extractor 20 uses a number of structural heuristics to separate a table from the rest of a textual document received from the document database 14. Once the table is separated from the textual document, the component tagger 30 tags the elements of the table as captions or table entries. The submodules of the preprocessing modules may be provided as a unitary piece of software code or as individual software components which may or may not be interlinked. For example, the table extractor 20 and the component tagger 30 may each be provided as background daemons. In this embodiment, the table extractor 20 operates on an incoming queue of textual documents whenever processing time is available, and outputs a queue of extracted tables. Similarly, for these embodiments, the component tagger 30 in this embodiment operates on an incoming queue of extracted tables, tags the respective fields included in the table, and stores tagged output in the structured database 16. In embodiments requiring speed of processing above all else, the table extractor 20 and component tagger 30 may be provided as special purpose hardware, for example PALs, FPGAs, or ASICs.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the table extractor 20 processes a text document by examining the textual document for aligned white spaces. Because text contained in textual documents is often "noisy," that is, the lines of text will tend to have intermittent irregularities that can adversely affect a straight-forward algorithm, the table extractor 20 creates a data structure, called the Character Alignment Graph (CAG), which is a histogram plotting the number of text characters appearing in M columns for K continuous lines (step 202). M and K are both tunable parameters that can be used to tune the table extractor 20 for various corpora. The table extractor can be further tuned by defining the universe of characters which "count" as text characters. For example, not counting symbols as text characters may enhance the efficacy of the table extractor 20 for certain corpora, but may prove not as useful for others.
The CAG may be formed using any technique known in the art. For example, an incoming text document may be memory-mapped to a section of memory and the memory locations corresponding to each M�K block of characters may be accessed to form the CAG. Alternatively, the table extractor 20 may maintain a series of temporary data storage locations, each of which having storage for K data elements--one data element for each line of contiguous text to be tracked. After each line of the text document has been processed, each data element will contain an entry for the last K contiguous lines of text and those entries can be processed to generate the ultimate entry for the CAG.
Once the table extractor 20 has generated the CAG, the table extractor 20 may apply a number of heuristic parameters to locate aligned whitespace (step 204). These heuristic parameters include at least: holes (number of blanks between columns); and gaps (number of such contiguous blanks per line). Other parameters may be used to make the extractor flexible and error tolerant.
Within the CAG array, contiguous locations having histogram values below a predetermined threshold indicate the presence of "gaps" (step 206). Such "gaps" are identified as potential column separators and the K lines are identified as potential table entries. Tuning the table extractor 20 to be error tolerant has the beneficial side effect that the table extractor 20 acquires not only table entries but also the potential caption data that surrounds the table lines. In one exemplary embodiment using the Wall Street Journal Database, setting a value of K=3 and setting the minimum gap size (number of contiguous blanks per line) required to indicate a column separation equal to 3 gave good results.
Table 1 below shows an example of a table extracted by the table extractor 20 described above.
TABLE 1______________________________________Table extracted from the Wall Street Journal Databaseby the table extractorSuch overtime throughout the past year helped Ford boost 1988-model carand truck production 19% from 19-7 levels, the company said.Auto Production______________________________________Fourth-quarter U.S. auto production PERCENT 1988 1987 CHANGE______________________________________GM 964,653 843,908 +14.3%Ford 456,954 461,150 -0.9Chrysler 294,998 283,062 +4.2Honda 86,330 80,227 +7.6Mazda 59,464 3,800 --Nissan 24,604 15,289 +60.9Toyota 19,600 0 --Nummi 16,156 38,901 -58.5Diamond Star 2,316 0 --TOTAL 1,925,075 1,726,337 +11.6%______________________________________First-quarter U.S. auto production PERCENT 1989 1988 CHANGE______________________________________GM 925,000 780,2123 +18.7%Ford 475,000 479,263 -0.9Chrysler 271,000 261,433 +3.7Honda 99,360 92,156 +7.8Mazda 61,510 16,800 +266.1Nissan 29,522 36,324 -18.7Toyota 25,000 -- --Nummi 48,000 41,479 +15.7Diamond Star 10,000 -- --TOTAL 1,945,392 1,707,673 +13.9%______________________________________ NOTE: Estimated from industry and company sources. Vehicles are counted by manufacturer; the Mazda total includes cars built for Mazda and Ford; DiamondStar includes Chrysler and Mitsubishi cars and Nummi includes Chevrolet and Toyota cars.
Although the column and row headings, and the relevant captions, are extracted by an appropriately tuned table extractor 20 along with the table entries, they are not yet identified as caption data. Caption data and heading data is identified by the component tagger 30.
The component tagger 30 accepts as input an extracted text table of the sort shown in Table 1 above. It is understood that an input table may be extracted, or the data may simply be provided in tabular form. Regardless, these tables will be referred to as "extracted tables." The component tagger applies a number of heuristic techniques to determine if a line contained in an extracted table is caption data or is a table entry. Various techniques must be used to filter, separate, and sometimes undo the interactions between previously applied techniques, due to the numerous formats in which tables occur, and various idiosyncrasies which are present, in textual documents.
The component tagger 30 employs mainly syntactic heuristics, as opposed to semantic heuristics, to identify caption data and table entries. In some embodiments, column headings are also treated as, and tagged as, caption data. The component tagger 30 may use any mechanism to tag lines appearing in the extracted table as either table entries or caption data; in one embodiment, the component tagger 30 tags table lines using
<LINE FROM EXTRACTED TABLE>
 tags and tags caption using
<LINE FROM EXTRACTED TABLE>
 tags. The component tagger 30 may also tag other table components such as row headings, column headings, or other table components.
Some examples of useful heuristics follow. The following examples may be better understood by referencing Table 2, below. Table 2 depicts an extracted data table in which each of the characters in the extracted table is replaced by a "*" and the blanks appear as extracted from the textual document.
TABLE 2______________________________________Extracted table with entries replaced by "*"______________________________________********** *** ********************** ********* ** ************************* ********************** ************************ *** ********* *************** ** ******** ******** ** ****** ***** **** ***** ** ******* **______________________________________
Gap Structure Heuristic
This heuristics uses the fact that large, empty spaces, i.e., big gaps, in the middle of an extracted table line indicates that the line is a potential table entry. Large gaps at either the beginning or end of a line are not dispositive because such gaps may only indicate that the table has been centered in the text document from which is was extracted. Referring to Table 2 above, this heuristic would identify the last five lines of the table as possible table entries. Table 2 illustrates the possible limitation of this heuristic, since the column headings appearing in the fourth line of Table 2 would tagged as a table entry, instead of caption data. This example also illustrates that heuristics may need to be applied seriatim, and possibly even in some particular order, to correctly tag all lines.
Alignment Heuristic
This heuristic utilizes the characteristic that if the gaps present in the middle of a line, as well as the characters, of two or more lines are aligned, those lines are likely to be table entries. Again, gaps at the beginning or end of a line may only indicate formatting present in the document from which the table was extracted. Referring to Table 2, this heuristic would indicate that the last three lines of the table are table entries.
Pattern Regularity Heuristic
This heuristic exploits the fact that context information, or regularity, can be used to identify table lines and captions. For example, in the pattern shown in Table 3 below, the third and fifth lines are more likely to be table entries rather than caption data. The "captions" occurring between table lines in such patterns are often table lines that have a different gap structure than the other table lines.
TABLE 3______________________________________Table pattern______________________________________CaptionTable-LineCaptionTable-LineCaptionTable-Line______________________________________
Table 4, shown below, is an extracted data table exhibiting this pattern.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________An erroneously tagged table (by the earlier heuristics)that is later rectified by the Pattern Regularity Heuristic__________________________________________________________________________
 While 52% of consumers surveyed in March by Leo J. Shapiro&\Associates said Sears was the best place to buy power tools, only1%\said it was the best place to buy a woman's dress blouse.

 New Sears prices vs. the competition

 SEARS PENNEY WAL-MART WARD TARGET

 Levi 501 jeans men

 $ 19.96 $ 19.99 N.A. N.A. N.A.

 Vanderbilt one-ounce eau de toilette spray

 15.96 15.50 $ 13.84 $ 15.50 $ 13.95

 Fruit of the Loom Men's underwear (three-pack)

 3.96 N.A. 3.96 N.A. 3.99

 Prestone antifreeze

 7.62 N.A. 7.47 7.99 7.99

 Sealy mattress queen size

 549.95 557.75 N.A. 549.99 N.A.

 Lego basic building set

 9.99 N.A. 9.57 9.99 9.99

 Etch a Sketch

 8.99 N.A. 6.97 8.99 8.99
__________________________________________________________________________
Another example of the way in which the Pattern Regularity Heuristic may be applied is illustrated by Table 5 below. Table 5 depicts a data table having an intermittent caption. Intermittent captions, i.e., caption data which is separated by more than one table entry, should not be corrected by the Pattern Regularity Heuristic, since those lines are more likely to be interspersed caption data and not mistagged table entries.
TABLE 5______________________________________An extracted data table with intermittent caption______________________________________
 Market Share in Europe

 (Figures are percentage for 1987)

 Central-office telephone-switching lines

 Alcatel 40.0%

 Plessey/GEC 16.7

 Ericsson 13.6

 Siemens 10.2

 Italtel 8.4

 Others 11.1

 TOTAL SHIPMENTS: 9.6 million lines
 Semiconductors

 Phillips 14.6

 SGS-Thomson 8.6

 Texas Instruments 7.7

 Motorola 7.5

 Siemens 7.5

 National Semiconductor 5.4

 Intel 4.5

 NEC 3.9

 ITT 3.8

 Advanced Micro Devices 3.7

 Plessey 3.7

 TOTAL MARKET: $6.36 billion
 Source: Dataquest Inc.
______________________________________
Differential Column Count Heuristic
This heuristic exploits the fact that lines appearing at the beginning of an extracted table which have fewer columns than the average number of columns present in the table are potential caption data. For example, if each line in a table has 4 columns, a line at the beginning of the table having only 3 columns, is a potential caption and should be marked as caption data. An illustration of an extracted table on which this heuristic could be advantageously used is shown below in Table 6.
TABLE 6______________________________________The second and third lines are tagged captionsby the Differential Column Count Heuristic______________________________________
 The percentage change is since year-end.

 % This

 Nov. 15 Nov. 14 Year

 U.S. 248.1 247.5 +8/1

 Britain 548.1 545.4 +6.3

 Canada 350.7 349.4 0.0

 Japan 1350.8 1340.1 +32.1

 World index 478.9 476.1 17.4
______________________________________
Differential Gap Structure Heuristic
The Differential Gap Structure Heuristic tags as caption data any lines at the beginning or end of a table having a gap alignment that does not match the average gap alignment for the rest of the lines in the extracted data table. Table 7 is an example of a table which benefits from use of this heuristic.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________The second line of this extracted table is tagged as caption data by theDifferential Gap Structure Heuristic__________________________________________________________________________

 NAME (In billions) SHARE CARDS* RATE

 Citicorp $25.0 16.9% V/MC 19.80

 Chase Manhattan 9.0 6.1 V/MC 19.80

 Sears 8.5 5.8 D 19.80

 First Chicago 6.6 4.5 V/MC 19.80

 BankAmerica 6.0 4.1 V/MC 19.80

 MHC Financial 5.3 3.6 V/MC 19.80

 American Express 5.2 3.5 0 16.25

 Bank of New York 3.8 2.6 V/MC 16.98

 Manufacturers 2.9 2.0 V/MC 19.80
 Hanover
 Wells Fargo 2.5 1.7 V/MC 19.80

 Total for top 10 $74.8

 (or about 51% of industry vs. about 47% in 1987)

 *V-Visa; MC = MasterCard; D = Discover; 0 = Optima

 Sources: Individual issuers; RAM Research Bankcard
__________________________________________________________________________
If a line immediately following a caption has a format that is different from that of the average table format, that line is subjected to further tests to determine if it should be tagged as caption data or tagged as a table entry. A first test to which the line may be subjected is determining if the line is mostly numerical or mostly textual. This may be done in any of a variety of ways, the simplest being to count the number of text characters versus the number of numeric characters appearing in each line. Lines having mostly numerical data should be tagged as table entries, while lines having mostly textual characters should be tagged as caption data.
If the first test is indeterminate, or as a second test to increase confidence, the lines may be examined to determine if the textual characters which are present are in upper-case or mixed case. Column headings, and therefore caption data, typically appear as upper case textual entries while table entries are typically lower case or mixed case textual entries.
In addition, other heuristics may be used, either as a primary method of determining whether a line is caption data or a table entry, as a secondary method to be used in conjunction with a primary method, or as a tie breaking method should two or more of the main heuristics listed above give contradictory results. For example, centered lines that display a gap alignment characteristic which is different from the average gap alignment characteristics for the remainder of the table may be tagged as caption data. Second, the length of a line may be compared to the average line length for the other lines of the extracted data table. If the line's length is very different from the average length for lines in the extracted data table, then that line may be tagged as caption data. Lines may be examined to determine if they include words like "Table" or "Figure." Lines which include such words may be tagged as caption data. For tables in which the first line of a multiline caption has been identified, each following line may be tagged as caption data until a period is encountered. If the period occurs in the middle of a line, continue tagging lines as caption data until the next blank line in the extracted table is encountered.
Although the component tagging heuristics have been described in a general order, the order and number of heuristics to apply to a table may vary depending on characteristics of the corpora from which the table has been extracted. For example, pattern regularity heuristics need not be applied at all for extracted tables which do not exhibit interspersed caption and tables. Further, even for tables which do exhibit such behavior, pattern regularity heuristics must be applied after another heuristic that tentatively tags caption and table lines.
Once a table has been extracted and tagged, it is field indexed to facilitate its inclusion in a structured database environment. Any field indexing program may be used to index the table on the basis of any one or more table components. For example, a suitable indexing product which may be used to create the index based on table components is the indexing module for InQuery, manufactured by Soverign Hill Software, Inc. of Dedham, Mass.
Once a table has been field indexed, a user may query it using any sort of information retrieval engine, such as a Boolean retrieval engine, a natural language retrieval engine, or a probabilistic retrieval engine. Table documents may be field indexed at least partially by caption and table fields, giving the user the flexibility to query based on those fields. This provides greater flexibility because occurrence of words in a caption versus their occurrence as a table entry generally carries a different import to the user.
For example, a query like "health insurance united states" could represent a variety of user requirements. It could mean that the user really wants to know about health insurance in general with some association to the United States or she could be wanting to know specifically about health insurance in the United States. In the former case "health insurance" should occur in the caption and get more weight whereas in the latter case the entire set of words in the query should get equal weight. Another example is a query like "Stock prices of oil companies". A table that has all the words in the caption field is likely to be more relevant than a table with "stock prices" in captions and "oil companies" as table entry or "oil companies" in captions and "stock prices" as table entry. A table with "stock" and "companies" in captions and "prices" and "oil" as table entries is highly likely to be irrelevant. Thus, weighting the query based on fields can give the user the flexibility and power to manipulate and express information retrieval needs more precisely.
The System
The table extraction process is subject to a precision versus recall trade-off. Precision (getting only the table lines with no extraneous information) may have to be sacrificed in order to improve recall (getting all table in the text along with some non-table lines) or vice versa. The preprocessing module 12, generally, and the table extractor 20 in particular, can be tuned by adjusting the parameters alluded to above, i.e., K and M. If the parameters are highly constrained, precision improves because spurious lines are not included, but recall drops because it is more difficult for the heuristics described above to properly separate table entries from caption data. A high precision version of the system and a high recall version of the system were used for the experiments described below.
As an example of the trade-off between precision and recall, the high precision version of the system excluded from Table 4 many lines, such as "Vanderbilt one-ounce eau de toilette spray" and "Fruit of the Loom men's underwear (three-pack)." The high recall version of the system, on the other hand, extracted all table entry lines along with one extraneous line "While 52% of consumers surveyed in March by Leo J. Shapiro & Associates said sears was the best place to-buy power tools, only 1% said it was the best place to buy a woman's dress blouse."
Tuning a system for higher recall may ultimately prove, for many corpora, to be more advantageous, since it is highly improbable that a query term will match a randomly extracted word in an extraneous line. Hence, even if higher recall brings in extraneous lines, it may not affect the retrieval of the relevant tables. In addition, using proper weighting functions should eliminate the significance of randomly extracted sentence words versus relevant words.
Results of Extraction and Tagging
The preprocessing module 12 described above was run for table extraction and component tagging on Wall Street Journal database spanning the years 1987-1992. Table 8 shows the statistics for this process. The final structured document database was built using the collated set of 6509 tables
TABLE 8______________________________________Table Extraction & Component Tagging Statistics Wall-Clock Table Number ofDatabase Size Time db Size Tables______________________________________WSJ87 131 MB 17 min 3.7 MB 1857WSJ88 109 MB 15 min 3.4 MB 1701WSJ89 38 MB 4 min .3 MB 222WSJ90 73 MB 10 min 2.4 MB 930WSJ91 145 MB 20 min 4.3 MB 1417WSJ92 34 MB 5 min 1.1 MB 382TOTAL 530 MB 71 min 15 MB 6509______________________________________
Tables 9 and 10 show the accuracy statistics for a set of 100 documents, each having 50 tables in them. The table extractor 20 did not exclude any table in its entirety. The errors were few and spread out. In the case of the component tagger 30, the errors were highly localized. The following two tables illustrate that most of the tables were correctly tagged for all their components.
TABLE 9______________________________________Accuracy results for the Table Extractor______________________________________Total number of lines in 100 docs 6205 --Total number of table and caption lines 1005 --Total number of lines extracted by table extractor 1041 --Total number of table and caption lines missed 18 1.8%total number of extraneous lines extracted 54 5.4%______________________________________
TABLE 10______________________________________Accuracy results for the Component Tagger______________________________________Actual number of captions 265 --Number of captions mis-tagged as table lines 25 9.4%Actual number of table lines 740 --Number of table lines mis-tagged as captions 55 7.4%______________________________________
Retrieval Results
The system and method of the present invention was evaluated using two types of queries--natural language query and structured query (with field retrieval on caption and table fields). Query Set I contained 25 natural language queries. The relevance judgment set for each query was obtained by looking at the top 100 tables retrieved for that query. Query Set II contained 25 structured queries derived by manually reformulating the natural language queries from Set I. Table 11 shows the precision statistics generated for each Query Set. The precision measure used to assess the performance of the Query Sets is defined as: ##EQU1##
It can be seen from Table 11 that the structured queries perform significantly better than the natural language queries. The average precision values improved by 20.9%. More importantly, it can be seen that the structured queries do even better in the top 20 tables. This strongly indicates that they are very good for interactive querying where the users are usually interested in the top 15 to 20 documents.
TABLE 11______________________________________Precision StatisticsPrecision (% change) - 25 queriesTables Natural Language Query Structured Query______________________________________ 5 72.0 84.0 (+16.7) 10 58.8 71.6 (+21.8) 15 48.0 62.4 (+30.0) 20 42.0 51.8 (+23.3) 30 33.3 39.1 (+17.4)100 12.8 13.6 (+6.3)200 6.4 6.8 (+6.3)500 2.6 2.7 (+3.8)1000 1.3 1.4 (+7.7)Average 52.6 63.6 (+20.9)______________________________________
The following queries illustrate the additional searching power that structured retrieval of tabular data gives to the user. For example, the following natural language query:
Natural Language Query: Stock prices of oil companies can be reformulated as:
Reformulated Query:
______________________________________#wsum (6.0 (2.0 #field (CAPTION oil)) (2.0 #field (CAPTION stock)) (2.0 #field (CAPTION company)) (2.0 #field (CAPTION prices))).______________________________________
The reformulated query should be interpreted as follows: (2.0 CAPTION oil) means that the occurrence of "oil" in the CAPTION field gets a weight of 2.0 on a scale of 6.0. When the queries were used to retrieve data from a database, the average precision value for the natural language query was 49.5% and for the structured query was 57.7%. The structured query performed 16.4% better than the natural language query. With the natural language query, many irrelevant tables related to oil matters other than stock prices and tables concerning stock prices of companies other than oil companies were retrieved. The structured query has the power to specify, that "oil" and "stocks" should get more weight if they occur in caption and that "company" and "price" are not as important.
As a second example, the following natural language query:
Natural Language Query: Export of computers was reformulated as:
Reformulated Query:
______________________________________#wsum (5.0 (2.0 #field (CAPTION exports)) (2.0 #field (CAPTION computers)) (1.0 #field (TABLE computers)).______________________________________
The average precision value for the natural language query was 80.6% and for the structured query was 64.5%. The natural language query performed 20.1% better than the structured query. The natural language query performs better because the reformulated query gives more weight to computers. So anything related to computers such as computer parts, computer prices, and computer companies were all retrieved and there were a large number of computer related tables in the database.
This query illustrates an important caveat about the structured queries. Although structured queries allow a user to more precisely express their information requirements, they are susceptible to bad reformulations leading to poor retrieval results. Also note that a structured query, at the very least, can be made to perform the same as the natural language query by giving equal weight to all the words occurring in all the fields.
For example, the following structured query is the same as the natural language query from which it was derived:
______________________________________#wsum (4.0 (1.0 #field (CAPTION exports)) (1.0 #field (CAPTION computers)) (1.0 #field (CAPTION computers)) (1.0 #field (CAPTION exports)).______________________________________
The empirical results demonstrate that heuristic method-based table extraction and component tagging can be performed effectively and efficiently and that such structural decomposition can facilitate better representation of user's information needs and hence more effective retrieval of tables.
Tagging and field indexing additional table components in addition to table and caption fields, such as column and row headings, may lead to more effective query formulation and retrieval. The weighting function could be modified in such a way that caption data is given the highest weighting, column and row headings get the next highest weight, and table entries get the least weighting. Other possibilities include slicing the table into columns and treating each column as a document. The column header and body content occurring together indicates more specificity and could be a source of multiple evidence for the corresponding table. For example, if the query is "china Exports Slippers" and we have a table with "China" and "slippers" occurring together in a column, this should get more weight than the case where "Romania" and "slippers" occur in one column and "China" occurs in another one. In this embodiment, co-occurrence in a column would indicates higher relevance and, therefore, a more desirable record to return as a result.
Having described certain embodiments of the invention, it will now become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating the concepts of the invention may be used. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to certain embodiments, but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|29 Dec 1997
Owner name: SOVEREIGN HILL SOFTWARE, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
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|12 Jul 1999
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|26 Mar 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|8 Sep 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|4 Nov 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
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|13 Jul 2005
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|29 Nov 2011
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|14 Dec 2011
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