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Battery Faults
The troubles that are mainly met with in lead-acid cells are: lagging cells, sulfation of the plates, short circuits, corrosion of the grids, treeing and buckling of the positive plates, shedding of the active materials, contamination of the electrolyte.
Lagging cells in lead acid batteries
All the cells in a battery should always remain in the same state of charge or discharge.
lf only one of the cells in a battery will discharge earlier than the others, the eflìciency of the battery will be determined by this cell.
Such a cell limits the capacity of the battery because during discharge its voltage will drop to the final value ahead of any of the other cells.
If the discharge of a battery is continued after the voltage of such a lagging cell has dropped to the final permissible value, this cell may rather quickly discharge to zero, while the other cells in the battery still have a voltage higher than the final value and remain in a state of charge. In this case, the discharge current of cells that retain their charge, in passing through the lagging cell, will begin to act on the laggingcell plates like a charging current. As a result, lead dioxide will be formed on the negative plates of the lagging cell, while lead forms on the positive plates. The final result will be a reversal of polarity of the plates, following which the voltage of the battery will drop considerably. This makes it clear why the discharge of a battery must be stopped as soon as the voltage of any of the cells has dropped to the limited final value.
The laggin of a cell may be identified by the following signs: the density of the electrolyte in a cell during a discharge of the battery is found to be lower than that in the other cells, and does not remain within a permissible limit; the voltage of the cell at the end of a charge is the lowest in value, while the temperature of the electrolyte during the charge may rise higher than that in the other cells.
During a discharge of the battery, the rapid drop in voltage of the lagging cell will limit the capacity of the battery. However, if the amperehours obtained during the control discharge are close to the guaranteed value, or to the ampere-hours obtained during the previous control discharge, the is considered is fit for service, although the discharge was interrupted because the voltage of only one cell has dropped to its final value. In a battery that is fully fit for service, the difference between the voltages of the cells at the time a discharge is discontinued will not exceed 0.2 V.
Timely detection and the remedying of lagging cells can only be attained when the density of the electrolyte is closely watched.
The density of the electrolyte in the cells after the latter are brought up to a working condition is corrected so that it will not differ in any given battery by more than 5kg/m3 from the established value for the given climatic conditions.
If during a routine charge of the battery all the usual signs of the end of the charge are observed (constant electrolyte density and voltage, and abundant gassing in all cells over a period of two hours), but the density of the electrolyte in some of the cells remains less than is normally required by more than 10 kg/m3, it is necessary lo discontinue the charge for one hour and then renew it for another two hours. lf the density of the electrolyte in the cells after this rises to within the limits of 10 kg/m3 from the required value, the battery may be put back into service. However, if the electrolyte density in some of the cells still remains too low, it can be considered that these are lagging cells. Such batteries must be subjected lo several cycles of charge and discharge to more completely convert the lead sulfate into active materials, and also decide on the necessity for any repairs.
If several batteries are operated on some given unit or machine and are connected in parallel or in series, it is important to closely watch that all of the cells in these batteries remain in the same condition.
When the capacity of the cells in one of the series-connected batteries is too low, the duration of battery dscharge is limited by the capacity of the lagging cells. If the discharge is continued it is possible that the lagging cells may have their polarity reversed.
In this connection it should be noted that the danger of polarity reversal is especially great when operating a repaired battery which, along with the old cells, contains cells provided with new sets of plates.
As is known, when a cell is discharged lead sulfate is formed on the positive and negative plates. This sulfate, during the subsequent charge of the cell, will readily be converted into active materials. The trouble called "sulfation of the plates" results from a certain discharged condition of the plates due to which they become covered with a layer of less-soluble lead sulfate which does not readily revert to an active material within the usual period of time required with a charging current of normal value.
The lead sulfate which appears in conditions of normal discharge consists of small crystals which are uniformly distributed and form a porous mass that is highly conductive. When a cell containing such a sulfate is charged again, the sulfate is readily converted into lead dioxide and lead. However, if the discharge of the cell is carried out too deeply, the active material of the plates is almost completely converted into lead sulfate which, in some cases, changes over from a small-crystal to a large-crystal structure.
When this is so, if organic surfaceactive agents are present in the cell, adsorption of these substances will take place on the surfaces of the lead sulfate crystals on the negative plates. This will lower the rate at which the crystals will be able to go into solution. It was found that the internal electrical resistance of the active-material layer increases abruptly in such cases. The sulfate particles completely cover the conductive active material and thus stop the passage of current through the plate. The potential at which gassing starts during charging also changes. The conversion of the portion of the sulfate carrying a film of adsorbed substances to lead dioxide and lead becomes impossible in these conditions, and the cell loses part of its capacity, and on very heavy sulfation may lose almost all its capacity.
The causes that lead to the formation large crystals of lead sulfate may be: systematic, excessively deep discharges of the cells; regular undercharging of the cells; cells are left for long periods in either the semi-charged or semi-discharged condition; low level of the electrolyte in the cells.
The signs of sulfation of the plates are:
1. a decrease in cell capacity. The capacity in most cases is limited by the negative electrode. When this is so, the potential of the negative electrode on discharge at the 10-hour rate, after 5 to 8 hours, reaches the value of 0.4 to 0.6 V relative to a cadmium test electrode;
2. an electrolyte density less than the normal value;
3. a high cell voltage at the beginning and end of charge (up to 3 V). The potential of the negative electrode rapidly acquires a negative value after the charge begins;
4. gassing begins much earlier during the charge of the cell;
5. the positive plates have an abnormal colour (lightbrown, sometimes with white spots);
6. an abnormal condition of the negative plates. The active material of the negative plates has increased in volume and is seen to bulge from the pockets. A white deposit of sulfate is usually visible on the negative plates.
There are several methods of restoring the capacity of sulfated cells: a long charge of the cells with a small current; charging of the cells in distilled water; discharging of the cells with a small current; charging with a heavy current for 1 to 2 hours; cycling with polarity reversing.
Short circuits may occur within a cell as a result of damage to one or several separators between the positive and negative plates; because of excess accumulation of sediment in the bottom of the cell container, or because of "treeing", the growth of dendrites in the lead sediment. Dendrite formation may be due to two causes: (1) the loosened particles of the active material raised by the gassing during a charge settle on top of the plates and form bridges over the separators; (2) the grid material contains certain constituents, cadmium, for example, that facilitate the formation of dendrites at the sides and bottom of the plates.
Grids of pure lead also have a tendency to form dendrites in the direction from the negative to the positive plates. The presence of antimony in the grid material somewhat neutralizes this tendency. The kind of dendrite formation that may occur is influenced by the surfaceactive agents that find their way in the expanders included in the negative-plate active material. The signs of short-circuits inside the battery are: continuous decrease in electrolyte density, notwithstanding the fact that the battery is receiving a normal charge; rapid loss of capacity after a full charge; a low opencircuit voltage.
To remedy this condition it is necessary to dismantle the cells, remove all the sediment accumulated in the bottom, wash out the container, replace the old separators and remove any dendrites from the plate.
Corrosion of positive plate grids in lead-acid batteries.
While a cell is being charged, the lead sulfate which has been formed directly from the grid material as a result of local action is also converted into lead dioxide. This process, called the forming of the grid, although it somewhat weakens the grid, does not shorten its normal service lile.
Premature destruction of the positive plate grid takes place when the lead dioxide becomes separated from the lead grid surface and the electrolyte fills the space between them.
Long-continued overcharging causes oxidation of the positive grid, reduces the cross-section of the grid bars and eventually brings about complete destruction of the grids.
It should be borne in mind that the premature forming process may become accelerated if the charge is conducted at a temperature exceeding 45°C.
The grids of positive plates that have been subjected to this "overforming" may easily be detected by checking the colour of their fracture. If the fracture is seen to have a brown colour, it is an indication that the grid lead has become converted to lead dioxide. Such grids are brittle, and the positive plates may be easily broken by hand.
Contamination of the electrolyte by organic acids brings about rapid destruction of the grids; particularly heavy corrosion is caused by acetic acid. Chloride contamination of the electrolyte also causes corrosion of the grid.
A sign of grid corrosion is a reduced number of amperehours obtained from the battery on discharge at the 10 hour rate. The capacity is always limited by the positive electrode.
Cells containing plates destroyed by corrosion are no longer fit for service. Usually, corrosion of the grids is a sign of long service of the given cells.
Bulging and buckling of positive plates.
If the service conditions have been abnormal, the positive plates will be found to change in size, buckling will also be observed. These are the result of lack of uniformity in the rates of charging and discharging over the entire area of the plates. Buckling usually takes place during charges with currents of high density, short circuits, during overcharges, and because of failure to hold the temperature within permissible limits during a charge. The growth in size of the plates is due to gradual corrosion of the grid because the lead dioxide resulting from corrosion occupies a larger space than the grid lead from which it is formed. There are sometimes cases when the plates change their dimensions as much as several centimetres.
Shedding of the positive active material.
The shedding of the active material from the positive plates is one of the causes of premature failure in service of lead-acid cells. The essence of this trouble is that tiny crystals and grains of lead dioxide smaller than 0.1 micron (one tenth of one thousandth of a millimetre) become dislodged from the plates. The shedding mainly takes place at the end of a charge and the beginning of a discharge. Till recently, the explanation was that shedding is due to: volumetric variations of the material on the electrode during its operation, free gassing at the electrode during overcharges, and operation of the cells at high temperatures.
The shedding of active material from the positive plates has been investigated by many electrochemists. It has been established that the temperature of the electrolyte and current density during the charge do not have an important bearing on the service life of the active material. It is the conditions of discharge that essentially affect the service life of the active materials.
lncrease in concentration of the electrolyte, reduction in temperature, and increase in current density during discharge greatly attribute to the rate of destruction of the active material.
For example, a reduction in the density of the electrolyte from 1,200 to 1,100 kg/m3 increases the service life of the active material some 8 to 10 times, and is the most essential factor. A three-fold reduction in the discharge current density lengthens the service life about 50 per cent, while an increase in temperature from 25 to 50C on discharge increases the service life of the active material more than 2 to 2.5 times.
It has been shown recently that the shedding of the active material is the result of the appearance of crystals of lead dioxade with a different form of crystalline structure.
One of the ways of increasing the service life of the active material is to introduce into the cell, after it has been in operation for 70 to 100 per cent of its guaranteed service life, about 0.5 to 1.0 per cent of a suitable reducing agent, for example, hydroxylamine sulfate (suggested by I. I. Koval). The purpose these agents serve is chemical reduction of lead dioxide to lead sulfate, from which, during a subsequent charge, is formed an active material which possesses a strong structure. However, this method has yet to be more widely tested.
Contamination of the electrolyte
Contamination of the electrolyte by impurities, especially by salts of the metals and organic substances, will greatly accelerate corrosion of the grids. The measures that must be taken to prevent contamination are simple and amount to preparing the electrolyte only from batterygrade sulfuric acid and distilled water.
In those cases when sulfuric acid of the technical grade is accidentally used to prepare the electrolyte, the active material, as well as the grids of the positive plates, due to presence in this acid of various impurities, are often destroyed even after the first charge.
This also occurs in those cases when, to prevent freezing of the electrolyte, alcohol is added to it.
Only use distilled water which is known to be pure to prepare the electrolyte and never use drinking water, it always contains compounds of iron, chlorides, nitrates (salts of nitric acid) and other substances which may destroy the active material and plate grids and lead to an increased self-discharge of the cells.
Increased self-discharge.
Discharge of a cell which takes place while it remains open-circuited is called self-discharge.
When batteries are in service, cases arise where normal and increased rates of self-discharge may be observed.
A self-discharge, though inevitable, should not exceed a rate established as normal.
Normal self-discharge of a cell takes place due to several causes. The grid of the positive plate is not fully in contact with the lead dioxide and the electrolyte occupies the spaces left free between the grid and the lead dioxide. Because of this a difference in potential is created between the lead grid and lead dioxide, or in other words, a local cell which is in a state of discharge is formed.
The discharge of this local cell is accompanied by conversion of the active material into lead sulfate and thus hampers further discharge of the local cell. This explains why there is the considerable decrease in self-discharge from day to day when the battery is allowed to stand idle.
The negative plate grid, which is made of an alloy of lead with antimony, and the negative-plate active material containing sponge lead, represent two electrodes between which a difference in potential that causes self-discharge is created.
Metal impurities which can only be removed with great difficulty and are always present in the materials from which the plates are made, and the impurities contained by the electrolyte, are also causes of normal self-discharge. Another cause of normal self-discharge is that the density of the electrolyte at the bottom of the plates is always a little greater than that at the top of the plates.
Since the potential is dependent on the density of the electrolyte, a potential difference is created between the upper and lower parts of the plates, this leading to self-discharge.
If a film of electrolyte appears on the internal surface of the cell cover it forms a contact bridge between the terminal post of the groups of plates; this also may be a cause of self-discharge.
Batteries in which separators of mipor or miplast are used, when left to stand idle for 30 days, should have a normal self-discharge of not more than 21 per cent of their 10 hour rate capacity.
Let us consider the causes of excessive self-discharge.
During careless filling of electrolyte into the cell and violent gassing while charging, the external surface of the cell may become wetted by spilt electrolyte. This will greatly increase the rate of self-discharge. The rate of this self-discharge (or leakage) in some cases exceeds 5 to 10 per cent of battery capacity per day, due te which the battery may be discharged in 10 to 20 days.
This form of self-discharge may be detected with a voltmeter. One lead of the voltmeter is tightly held against the battery terminal, the other is held against the surface of the battery where traces of spilt electrolyte may remain. If the pointer of the voltmeter deviates from zero, it shows the existence of a current path for self-discharge.
Lead-Acid Cell and Battery Troubles and Their Remedies
1. The battery has low capacity
1. Plates worn because of long service
Replace battery
2. Shedding of active material from positive plates
Replace battery
3. Systematic undercharge
Carry out a long overcharge cycle (equalize)
4. Contamination of electrolyte
Replace electrolyte, wash out cells
5. Sulfation of plates
Carry out desulfation charging
6. Leakage of current, heavy self discharge
Check cell containers, clean and dry the cells
7. Battery is used at a low temperature
Lag the battery to reduce the loss of heat, slightly increase the density of electrolyte
2. No voltage or practicly no voltage across cell terminals
Short cuircuit, high leakage of current, sulfation
Carry out desulfation charge, if does not help replace the battery
3. Abnormal increase in temperature of electrolyte during charging
1. Excessive charging current
Discontinue charge and decrease charging current
2. Short circuit in cell
Replace battery
3. Heavy sulfation
Carry out desulfation charge
4. The electrolyte has abnormal colour, cell contains much sediment
Shedding of active mass
Remove shedding by washing. Charge and discharge with normal current
5. Density of electrolyte is low at the end of charge, no gassing is observed
Short circuit in cell
Replace battery
6. Abnormal and premature gassing during charging
1. Sulfation
Carry out a desulfation charge
2. Large charging current
Change to normal value of current
3. Charge is carried out at too low temperature
Warm up battery
7. Heavy gasing during discharge
Dirty electrolyte
Change electrolyte
8. Abnormal colour of plates, presence of white spots on top parts of plates
1. Sulfation
Carry out desulfation charge
2. Contamination of electrolyte
Change electrolyte, wash out cells
3. Excessive lenth of service
Replace battery
9. Destruction of positive plates
1. Long term overcharges
Adjust charging rate of the cell to avoid overcharging
2. Contamination of electrolyte
Change electrolyte, wash out the cells
3. Excessive lenth of service
Replace the battery
Electrolyte is contaminated by chlorides or acids
Check and change electrolyte, wash out the cells


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We are frequently asked what size our sample size gowns are. While the majority of our collection is sampled in a size 10, we are continuing to add even more samples in extended and plus sizes ranging from 16-20 to ensure we offer wedding dresses that make every bride feel beautiful. Our collection of plus-size samples includes gowns from Watters, Augusta Jones and Hayley Paige. If there is a specific style or designer that you are looking for in a specific size, please let us know when making your appointment by calling us at 720.855.1111 or booking an appointment online.

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Regional and International News
Lehigh Acres Gazette has partnered with
Blaidd Ddrwg International Media to provide our reader's Regional and International News.
Nachito Herrera, Cuban
Piano Virtuoso, Returns to Naples
The Naples Music Club (www.naplesmusicclub.org) will present a performance by Nachito Herrera – a master of classical music, Cuban genres and jazz - in his return to Naples on Saturday, February 21, at North Naples Methodist Church at 7:00 p.m. with his trio.
Herrera last played in Naples with the Cuban Symphony to a sold-out audience at the Naples Philharmonic Center two years ago as part of the ArtsNaples World Festival. His performance brought the audience to its feet with thunderous applause.
Ignacio "Nachito" Herrera was a child prodigy who stunned Cuban audiences at the age of 12 when he performed Rachmaninoff's Concerto No. 2 with the Havana Symphony Orchestra. He focused on classical music until he was 18. By the late 1990's, Herrera had joined the famed Cuban Orchestra Cubanismo as its pianist, musical director, and arranger. Cubanismo performed at many of the world's finest concert halls and prestigious festivals. Herrera combines classical music with traditional Cuban rhythms. He has phenomenal technique, great originality, and a totally captivating personality. Jazz critic and "Playboy Guide To Jazz" author Neil Tesser, said his talent "…vaults him into the upper echelon — a trinity comprising Chucho Valdes, Gonzalo Rubalcaba and now Nachito Herrera". The Jazz Police hailed his, "Monster technique, bottomless energy, and infectious enthusiasm." And, Tom Surowicz with the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, called him, "Explosive. Crowd pleasing. Rhythmically intense. Romantic. Dynamic. Jaw-droppingly good." You won't want to miss his performance in Naples!
Tickets to Nachito Herrera's February 21 performance presented by the Naples Music Club are $10 per adult and $5 per child for families; $25 per person for general admission; and $75 per person for patrons in a reserved section. To purchase tickets, please visit www.naplesmusicclub.org/concerts, call 239.384.9205, or send a check payable to Naples Music Club to P.O. Box 112383, Naples, FL 34108.
INTERPOL & Seas Shepherds
Join forces in Southern Ocean
INTERPOL and Sea Shepherd activists have joined the hunt for a trio of pirate fishing vessels flying false flags which are running amok in Australian Antarctic waters.
Tasmanian Greens Senator Peter Whish-Wilson yesterday said the ships appeared to be just outside Australian territorial waters, southeast of Macquarie Island.
He said it was time for the Australian Government to step in.
"It's crunch time, we're being scrutinised by the international community and by the organised crime gangs who profit from these illegal and destructive fishing activities," Senator Whish-Wilson said.
"There's no better time than now for this Government to uphold its election promise and send a patrol vessel to protect Australia's interests and to show the world Australia is serious about upholding its responsibilities in the Southern Ocean," he said.
Interpol yesterday issued a "Purple Notice" requesting the help of all 190 member nations in tracking the notorious trio after a boarding bid by the New Zealand Navy this week was thwarted by rough Southern Ocean conditions.
"The Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) vessels, which were sighted travelling together in December 2014, have all changed their names, national registration and other identifying characteristics on multiple occasions to try and avoid detection," the international police organisation said.
"Between 6 and 13 January, a Royal New Zealand Naval Patrol spotted the vessels — the Yongding, the Kunlun and the Songhua — hauling gill nets laden with toothfish in an area regulated by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources where such fishing methods are prohibited."
The ownership of the rogue vessels is a mystery although they are reputed to be poaching endangered species in protected waters on behalf of a Spanish criminal syndicate.
Sea Shepherd announced plans to help chase the vessels on the high seas.
Senator Whish-Wilson said Sea Shepherd was now the only deterrent to the illegal fishers, given the Australian Government had not followed through with its Southern Ocean patrols
Rubio Says He Can
Win the Presidential Election
Sen. Marco Rubio says he can win the next presidential election. The Florida Republican is dismissing concerns his chances are threatened by potential rival and his political mentor – former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush.
In a recent interview with The Associated Press, the 43-year-old first-term senator says: he believes "we can put together the organization and raise the money necessary to win."
Rubio says he has yet to make a final decision about whether to seek re-election to the Senate or run for president. But he reiterated Wednesday that he'll only seek one of the two.
Should Rubio get into the race, he'll join a field expected to include Bush. Rubio says Bush is one of the many talented people in the GOP, but adds: "there are others, too."
George Zimmerman Arrested
on Aggravated Assault Charge
The AP Reports – Authorities say George Zimmerman, whose acquittal of murdering an unarmed black teen sparked a national debate on race and self-defense laws, has been arrested for allegedly throwing a wine bottle at his girlfriend.
The Seminole County Sheriff's Office says the 31-year-old Zimmerman was arrested for aggravated assault at his home in Lake Mary about 10 p.m. Friday.
Zimmerman was released on a $5,000 bond Saturday afternoon. At a court appearance earlier Saturday, he was ordered to avoid contact with the woman, who was not identified.
House Ethics Committee
Votes to Investigate Rep. Radel
The U.S. House of Representatives Ethics Committee has voted unanimously to begin an investigation into whether Representative Trey Radel violated the Code of Official Conduct.
Congressman Radel is currently in a rehabilitation center in Naples, after pleading guilty to a cocaine possession charge in November.
Doomday 2032?
A potentially catastrophic asteroid has been discovered by astronomers, who say there's a slim chance that the 410-meter-wide minor planet will crash into Earth in 2032, creating a blast 50 times greater than the biggest nuclear bomb.
The asteroid, described as 2013 TV135, was found in the Camelopardalis (Giraffe) constellation by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in southern Ukraine, the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomers Union said.
"On the night of October 12, I was watching the Giraffe constellation, it was an in-depth monitoring as part of the comet search program," Gennady Borisov from the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory told Itar-Tass news agency. "This is when the asteroid… was discovered. The first observations show that it moves quickly and is relatively close."
The discovery has been confirmed by astronomers in Italy, Spain, the UK and Russia. In Russia, it was seen with telescopes at the Master Observatory in the Siberian republic of Buryatia, the IAU Minor Planet Center said.
Japan's Toxic Flush
A powerful typhoon which swept through Japan led to highly radioactive water near the crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant being released into a nearby drainage ditch, increasing the risk of it flowing into the sea.
On Wednesday, Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), the plant's operator, said it had detected high levels of radiation in a ditch leading to the Pacific Ocean, and that it suspected heavy rains had lifted contaminated soil.
Multi-billion-dollar Arms Deal Between Russia & Iraq
Ali al-Musawi, top media advisor to Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, told Russia Today on Thursday that the agreement "entails primarily weapon shipments to combat terrorism."
Baghdad and Moscow signed the $4.3-billion contract in October 2012, making Russia Iraq's largest arms supplier after the US, but Iraqi authorities announced a month later that the deal had been annulled over Maliki's concerns about "corruption" within his own team.
Global malnutrition on the Rise.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) says hundreds of millions of people worldwide are still suffering from malnutrition.
The UN organization said in a statement issued on Wednesday that almost 870 million people worldwide are chronically undernourished.
"One out of every four children in the world under the age of five is stunted," the statement read.
"This means 165 million children who are so malnourished they will never reach their full physical and cognitive potential."
According to the statement, some 1.4 billion people worldwide are also overweight.
Canada's RCMP arrest 40 in demonstration over shale gas exploration.
On Thursday, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) attacked the protesters trying to dismantle a highway barricade in the region.


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Panther Dies After Colliding with Car
BUCKINGHAM, Fla. (AP) - An endangered Florida panther has been found dead in southwest Florida.
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission reports that the remains of the 3-year-old uncollared female were found Monday along Interstate 75, near mile marker 93.
Officials say a collision with a vehicle was the cause of death. The Naples Daily News (http://goo.gl/xtj9Og ) reports that the panther's remains will be taken to the wildlife commission's research lab in Gainesville for a necropsy.
It's the 15th panther death recorded this year. That includes 12 deaths caused by collisions with vehicles.
Scientists believe about 160 panthers remain in the wild, mostly in southern Florida. The big cats once roamed throughout the southeastern United States.
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- Man Dies After Calling To Report Being Shot
- Teen Dies After Getting Caught in Rough Surf
- Man Faces Charges After Leaving Dogs in Hot Car
- Infant Dies After Eating Liquid Laundry Packet


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Prepared with Mayo, Mustard, Lettuce, Tomatoes. All sandwiches served with chips, or one choice of homemade Salad (Greek salad, Caesar salad, Pasta, Potato, Fruit salad)
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All Served with One Choice of Side Salad (Greek, Caesar, Pasta, Potato, Fruit) or Chips
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Served with One Choice of Side Salad (Greek, Caesar, Pasta, Potato, Fruit) or Chips
Smoked turkey, smoked ham, bacon, lettuce, tomato, mayo and provolone cheese on a toasted triple Decker pita $7.49
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Corn Beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, 1000 Island dressing on a toasted marble rye. $6.99
Roasted Pork, smoked ham, pickles, Swiss cheese, with our famous Cuban dressing on a toasted hoagie roll. $6.99
Italian Sub
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Chicken Supreme
Grilled chicken breast, provolone cheese, tomato, mix greens with our pesto spread on a toasted hoagie. $6.99
Grilled Cheese
Cheddar cheese, provolone cheese on toasted white bread. $5.49
Super Veggie
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Comedian Bill Cosby to Support Grassroots Movement Against Massachusetts Fracked Gas Pipeline
Comedian Bill Cosby and his wife Camille will not be present at the Massachusetts State House on July 30, 2014, but will be lending their enthusiastic voices supporting protesters delivering petitions against the proposed Kinder Morgan Tennessee Gas Pipeline (TGP). The 250-mile long Kinder Morgan Tennessee Gas Pipeline would transport natural gas produced by fracking from the western part of the state to a distribution center in the Boston suburbs. It has prompted a massive protest movement uniting landowners, local politicians, farmers, environmentalists and conservationists. Lawmakers from 22 local municipalities have passed resolutions against the project. Kinder Morgan is set to submit an application for approval of the project to federal regulators in September. Although Bill and Camille Cosby are unable to attend the final day of the rally, their daughter Erin Cosby will be representing the Cosbys on the steps of the Massachusetts State House on Wednesday.
Bruce Winn, President of the Berkshire Environmental Action Team, Rosemary Wessel, Founder of the No Fracked Gas In Mass, Katy Eiseman, director of MassPlan, the statewide coalition against the pipeline and an impacted landowner and rally/march organizer will meet with Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick Wednesday afternoon.
The grassroots response is exactly the outcome the Cosbys feel is the best chance to circumvent the wide scale potential for environmental, economic, public safety and public health damage the project could likely cause. The event in Boston on Wednesday marks the end of the "Rolling Rally" that began on July 6 in Richmond, MA, southwest of Pittsfield, MA, at the New York border. Participants in the march walked across each community and passed along a symbolic piece of pipe to the next group of marchers from the next town at the city limits.
"We honor your collaborative determination and strength to oppose the Kinder-Morgan Tennessee Gas Pipeline's plan to penetrate our region with its toxicities," said the Cosbys in a recently released statement about the protest movement. "(The project) has political allies; such as, all six New England governors. That is astounding. Those entities are clear examples of disrespect for humans, flora and fauna. Thank you for challenging its egregious, exploitive strategies to encroach this magnificent area."
As longtime residents and dedicated environmental activists, the Cosbys have purchased land holdings in Western Massachusetts over the decades for preservation rather than investment, donating hundreds of acres in the pristine countryside to the Franklin Land Trust for conservation. The couple first heard of the project when they were among the many landowners receiving letters asking for permission by the pipeline company to survey their property. More than half of the landowners have rejected the company's request.


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Ha, ha, maybe you should to invent another piano keyboard! +6
Sorry for that. There was a link to your website and you offer some free AE templates. Am I wrong? In fact was not about self promotion just about these templates.
I give you an example: with gtx 580 it takes 4 seconds/frame but depends the ray tracing quality, in my case I've set it to level 3. Also I tried with CPU (i7 2.93 GHz) and the result was a big blue screen because my CPU passed the highest temperature level. Indeed my projects in CS6 are HD not full HD and I can't exactly answer the question.
As I said earlier the best thing to CS6 is this ray-traced, but it looks like it will be killed before he was born, I mean the next upgrade that was announced will totally change the rules of the game. Anyway, my advice is cs5 for a little while and then AE+C4D
samberson please read FORUM RULES
Some of us didn't have enough time to enjoy the current version. What days…
I sent a pm and I warned.
dorde saidTry this http://videohive.net/collections/2951144-element-3d?WT.mc_id=GT-VH-element-3d
Maybe. It's not working few months for me.
keybal said
Too poor for monday…


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ICE ICE POLO (ROBolop Design)
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Registered User
Join Date: Dec 2006
Location: belgium
Posts: 877
My Ride: 323ci
View My Garage
ICE ICE POLO (ROBolop Design)
Like I pronounced earlier in my BMW topic, we bought a new VW Polo.
This will be used for daily use, and most of the time, my wife will drive it. When we made the decision to buy a daily car, I had to make a promise that I wouldnt lower it, or put bigger wheels on it.
First of all, because she has troubles with her back, and for the rims .it wont be long until shell drive up the sidewalk.
But as for the ice, she had no problems with me doing some adjustments, BUT there had to stay enough room in the trunk at all costs.
The Polo is a 1400 comfortline, with DSG, Airco, Assheating, Cruise Control en some other stuff.
Here a picture from the Polo, just delivered (still with the protective foil on)
I will take some more pictures once shes washed, but there not much to be seen. Its an original new car.
But maybe some carbon updates will happen, who will know
About the ICE, everything I need is already here.
As for the radio, Im going to keep the original one, but since Im going to use an amp, Ive bought a Pac-Audio interface.
Im very happy I didnt sell the Precision Power amp I wanted to mount into the bimmer first.
This PPI Deq 230 is a 30band equalizer. I can screw demount the front from this device, and with the longer cable (which is in the box), you can change the settings behind the wheel.
As for the Subwoofer, I chose for the 4 Focal Utopia 13ws , again
Also the front speakers will be Focals: the KrX3 series
The filters.
And I also bought some cables and damping materials.
Itll take a while before Im going to begin on the install. First of all I want to finish up the mounting works from the new radio, in the bimmer.
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I'll make you a promise. That result has so many advantages over that. We could be getting a discount. This was entertaining. We'll close in on doing this. What was it? You could use that turn of events to win old hacks and influence strangers. This is in less than no time than it would take you to do this with Overstock Promo Code.
living & lifestyle, news & politics, people
Public (what does this mean?)


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Art Museum Housed Inside A Freight Elevator [Pics]
Collection of oddities from around the world find a home in a tiny gallery.
Perhaps the World's Smallest Museum is currently being housed in a freight elevator in New York. Despite its seemingly generic name – Museum – the attraction is an interesting new take on the idea of how a museum should look.
The display is made up of 15 collections, which are comprised of 200 objects including a series of Disney-themed bulletproof backpacks, US paper money and coins so mutilated the Fed has deemed them unfit for currency. They were all gathered together by founders and curators, Alex Kalman, Josh Safdie, and Benny Safdie.
Even though the museum is only open for 16 hours a week – during the day on Saturdays and Sundays – the museum's contents are viewable 24/7, lit and sealed by glass doors. Passersby are also encouraged to call a toll-free number to learn more about what's inside the elevator shaft.
None of these items are particularly spectacular on their own, but it's when they come together that you get something interesting and exciting to look at. That's exactly what the museum aims to encapsulate, the collector's spirit.


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Hey guys,
I have been working on a wordpress theme for a couple of months, that I am planning to release in a week (hopefully). I have been running my theme through the theme check plugin and I see warnings for using PHP file functions (get and put) and cURL (which i use for my twitter widget).
How seriously are they issues considered by the theme reviewers, because I think cURL is good way to access remote servers and I have to use file ops to generate my dynamic CSS . Using the WP Filesystem would make it really convoluted at this point in time. I could use the HTTP API 's as an alternative to cURL, but WP Filesystem is sure to complicate my work.
I would like have some advise passed on by experienced theme developers and the staff here at themeforest. I have an item in the mojo themes marketplace that has been quite successful and these warnings were ignored.
Always use WordPress core function if they are avaiable!
In your case:
Thanks I will change that function. But what about file_put_contents(). The themecheck plugin throws warnings for the use of this function ?
file_put_contents() might not work for your customers it depends on their hosting configuration. if you really want to store your data in a file you have to use the Filesystem API which is more complex but recommended by wordpress. or you can use the Transients API which is more reliable in this case.
+1Use the Transients API for dynamic styles and cache them. Here's the function I'm using in my plugin:
function form_css() { header( 'Content-Type: text/css' ); header( 'Expires: Thu, 31 Dec 2050 23:59:59 GMT' ); header( 'Pragma: cache' ); if ( false === ( $css = get_transient( 'mymail_form_css' ) ) ) { // generate your CSS here set_transient( 'mymail_form_css', $css ); } echo $css; die(); }add two action hooks:
add_action('wp_ajax_my_css', 'form_css'); add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_my_css', 'form_css');and enqueue the style:
wp_register_style('my-css', admin_url('admin-ajax.php?action=my_css')); wp_enqueue_style('my-css');
@revaxarts ,
WOW Thank you so much, worked like a charm
revaxarts saidfor some strange reason, on free hosting sites this gets you redirected (to their landing/404 page)
Always use WordPress core function if they are avaiable! In your case:
Btw, I have some issues with both cURL and file_get_contents(). After updating the file it should read it reads nothing for like 15 minutes. It doesn't return NULL nor FALSE , just pretends it's an empty file. I suppose it's something with the buffer/server session but can't find a solution.
brandexponents said
@revaxarts , WOW Thank you so much, worked like a charm
Seems like this version doesn't work on IE9 (works on IE7 +8). I'm searching for a solution to this
What doesn't work in ie9?
I don't know why but IE9 always tries to download the file if Content-type = text/css. With text/html I can view it in the browser but the styles doesn't get applied to the page


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Here at The Blueberry Store, we bring you only the finest Michigan Blueberries from True Blue Farms! Plump, juicy, and freshly picked at the peak of perfection.
At harvest time, they'll be delivered right to your door.
The Blueberry Store, P.O. Box 195, Grand Junction, Michigan 49056 877-654-2400 firstname.lastname@example.com
Photograph of the South Haven Lighthouse courtesy of Mary Gautz (www.marysloft.com)
The Conditions of Use and Our Privacy Policy
All prices are in USD
Copyright 2017 The Blueberry Store.
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American Flyer O scale NATION WIDE LINES Train Set
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Jul 15, 2009
- Channel: Auction House
In this Auction we have an American Flyer train set that I believe was made in the late 1920's or early 1930's. Pre-War, 0 Scale. It is two-tone blue in color, and is made of metal. It is marked, " Nation Wide Lines". It has the Engine # 3113, plus three additional Cars. They are: Observation car # 81, passenger car # 81, and car (caboose?) # 80. The doors are all present and work smoothly on car # 81. This set appears to be in very good condition, and has a nice appearance. We have not attemped to clean this set, as we know very little about trains. The man we purchased this set from said he inherited it from his Uncle, and that it had been packed away for about 60 years! When we got home, we realized it was wrapped up in a Michigan newspaper dated 1948! Please email any questions. The free listing tool. List your items fast and easy and manage your active items.


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19% of American consumers have used a QR code, per results [pdf] from a Pitney Bowes survey released this month. Of the 4 countries analyzed by the study, the US ranked first in QR code use, ahead of the UK (15%), Germany (14%), and France (12%). While on average, 15% of consumers across those countries report having used a QR code, that percentage rises to 27% among 18-34-year-olds.
Looking at where these QR codes are most often captured, the report reveals that magazines (at 15% of the total sample) are first, followed by mail (13%) packaging (13%), posters (10%), websites (8%), email (5%), and TV (4%).
Those figures are much higher when looking at younger demographics. For example, in the US, 39% of 18-24-year-olds have captured a QR code in a magazine, and 38% on a piece of mail. The numbers are similarly high for 25-34-year-olds (36% for each source). That aligns with various studies finding QR code users to skew young, although beginning to trend older.
About the Data: The data is based on a Pitney Bowes survey of 2,000 consumers in the US and 1,000 in France, Germany, and the UK respectively.
Topics: Email, Magazines, Mobile Phone, Online, Television, Youth & Gen X
Subscribe now to receive more charts and articles like this in your inbox. A fast read in a clean, mobile-friendly design.
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Hair Transplantation, and FUE?
About half of men, and one third of women lose significant hair throughout their lives. The effect on self esteem can be devastating. Many people avoid hair transplants due to the "plug" or "corn row" look and long scars from the old fashioned, techniques in which a strip of scalp was removed from the back of the head.
FUE means follicular unit extraction. It really means that hair follicles are removed and transplanted one at a time for the most natural result possible.
The procedure is time consuming, but well worth the natural result without the strip scar.
I have been fortunate to be one of the first to use the new AccuGraft systems to achieve this natural results. The included video explains the process. he equipment is only as good as the hands they are in, and I believe (and I think you will agree) that there are no finer or more experienced FUE techs than the ones who assist me with AccuGraft procedures.


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Canvas Lands' End Helps You with Holiday Style
The Canvas Lands' End website will also be celebrating the holiday spirit by offering great seasonal savings. Until Dec. 21, the site will be unveiling top shelf deals on apparel. These deep discounts are available for a limited time on items such as outerwear, accessories and bottoms for both men and women. Customers are encouraged to take advantage when they see them and check back frequently for updates.
For more seasonal style inspirations watch the Cheers to the Holidays video on the brand's YouTube Channel, www.YouTube.com/CanvasLandsEnd, or visit the website at canvas.landsend.com.
About Canvas Lands' End
Authentic inspiration, modern interpretation: clothing and accessories with an effortless sense of style for women and men. True to its Lands' End roots, everything is Guaranteed. Period.® Sold at canvas.landsend.com, 1-877-877-1963, the Canvas Lands' End Shops at Sears and around the world.


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Clear all selections to show more results.
There are a few things you should keep in mind when you shop for a gift card:
Once you have purchased the card, make sure:
Give the gift of a Sam's Club membership or gift cards from your favorite national restaurants. Shop our large selection of gift cards at SamsClub.com.


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Rx drug information, pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, news, and more
ELIXOPHYLLIN®(brand of theophylline anhydrous)ELIXIR
Theophylline is structurally classified as a methylxanthine. It occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a bitter taste.
Theophylline is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, e.g., emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Snus Linked to Asthma and Sleep Problems Source: Medscape Allergy & Clinical Immunology Headlines [2017.06.15]Snus, a moist, smokeless tobacco product, may contribute to breathing and sleep problems, Swedish researchers report. Reuters Health Information
Allergic and asthmatic bronchitis: Causes and treatments Source: Allergy News From Medical News Today [2017.06.12]Bronchitis occurs when the lining of the bronchial tubes becomes inflamed. Learn more about the difference between asthmatic and allergic bronchitis.
Climate Change May Up Asthma Irritant, Study Says Source: MedicineNet Allergy Specialty [2017.06.09]Title: Climate Change May Up Asthma Irritant, Study SaysCategory: Health NewsCreated: 6/8/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 6/9/2017 12:00:00 AM
Anti-IgE Drug Might Change Asthma Course (CME/CE) Source: MedPage Today Allergy & Immunology [2017.05.24](MedPage Today) -- Lung improvement observed in children treated with omalizumab
Tiotropium Add-on Tx Improved Lung Function in Kids with Asthma Source: MedPage Today Allergy & Immunology [2017.05.23](MedPage Today) -- Disease phenotype had no impact on treatment
Beneficial effects of theophylline infusions in surgical patients with intra-abdominal hypertension. [2011.08]BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) can cause high mortality. Recently, we found that IAH was associated with increased serum levels of adenosine and interleukin 10. Our present "hypothesis-generated study" was based on the above mentioned results... CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine receptor antagonism with T following IAH diagnosis resulted in markedly reduced mortality in patients with moderated IAH (<20 mmHg). Theophylline-associated mortality reduction may be related to improved renal perfusion and improved MAP, presumably caused by adenosine receptor blockade. Because this study was not a randomized controlled study, these compelling observations require further multicentric clinical confirmation.
Study investigating pharmacokinetic interaction between theophylline and roflumilast in healthy adults. [2011.07]OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction exists between theophylline (THEO), a CYP1A2 substrate with a narrow therapeutic index, and the concomitant substrate roflumilast (ROF), a novel selective PDE4 inhibitor partially metabolized by CYP1A2... CONCLUSIONS: Neither ROF nor its main metabolite had any impact on the metabolism of the concomitant CYP1A2 substrate THEO in humans. Though co-administration of THEO resulted in a minor increase (28%) in total ROF exposure, no safety or tolerability concerns and no altered total PDE4 inhibition of both ROF and R-NO, were observed.
Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury by theophylline in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. [2010.11]Although the optimal strategy for preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has not yet been established, the current strategy focuses on adequate periprocedural hydration, the use of a low amount of low or iso-osmolar contrast medium, and the application of adjunctive therapies, including hemofiltration, hemodialysis and drugs...
Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury by theophylline in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. [2010.09.29]Although the optimal strategy for preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has not yet been established, the current strategy focuses on adequate periprocedural hydration, the use of a low amount of low or iso-osmolar contrast medium, and the application of adjunctive therapies, including hemofiltration, hemodialysis and drugs...
Adenosine receptor inhibition with theophylline attenuates the skin blood flow response to local heating in humans. [2010.09]Mechanisms underlying the robust cutaneous vasodilatation in response to local heating of human skin remain unresolved. Adenosine receptor activation has been shown to induce vasodilatation via nitric oxide, and a substantial portion of the plateau phase to local heating of human skin has been shown to be dependent on nitric oxide...
The Effect of Theophylline in the Treatment of Bronchiectasis [Completed]
Theophylline was well recommended in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and asthma. However, there is no supporting evidence for their efficacy in the
treatment of bronchiectasis. Our hypothesis is that theophylline will play a role in
bronchiectasis. Our purpose is to examine the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks treatment with
theophylline in subjects with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
Theophylline and Steroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Study [Recruiting]
The aim of this multi-centre, double blind, randomised, controlled trial (DBRCT) is to
assess the effect of low dose theophylline, singly and in combination with low dose oral
prednisone, on COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) exacerbations, quality of life
and secondary clinical outcomes compared with usual therapy and placebo over 48 weeks of
treatment. Approximately 2400 symptomatic patients with COPD will be recruited in China for
comparison of low dose theophylline versus placebo and low dose theophylline + low dose
prednisone The primary end-point for this study is the difference between the three
treatment groups in
- COPD exacerbation rate
- Time to first severe exacerbation requiring hospitalisation or death
The Role of Theophylline Plus Low-dose Formoterol-budesonide in Treatment of Bronchiectasis [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks treatment with
theophylline plus low-dose formoterol-budesonide in subjects with bronchiectasis.
Drug Interaction Study of Colchicine and Theophylline [Completed]
Colchicine is a supressor of hepatic CYP1A2 and theophylline is a sensitive CYP1A2 probe
substrate. When the two are co-administered the potential exists for a clinically
significant drug interaction. This study aims to determine the effect of steady-state
colchicine on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline administered as a single dose. A
secondary goal is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this regimen in healthy
volunteers. All study subjects will be monitored for adverse events throughout the entire
study period.
A Phase I Dose Escalation Study of Erlotinib in Combination With Theophylline [Recruiting]
This study is to determine the use of theophylline in patients with NSCLC and advanced solid
malignancies and whether treatment with theophylline will help lower or diminish the side
effect of diarrhea in patients taking erlotinib. Patients will be enrolled in one of two
parts of the study to verify the lowest dose of theophylline that is effective and the
highest dose of erlotinib that can be tolerated with theophylline. If this study shows that
theophylline is able to inhibit erlotinib induced diarrhea, it will help demonstrate that
patients using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs), erlotinib, can use it effectively at
higher doses without experiencing severe diarrhea.
All Rights reserved - Copyright DrugLib.com, 2006-2017


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$37.12 donated in past month
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From the Open-Publishing Calendar
From the Open-Publishing Newswire
Indybay FeatureRelated Categories: East Bay | Police State and Prisons | Racial Justice
Oakland Response to Mehserle Verdict - The Aftermath: photos (3 of 3)
Surveying the damage after the streets were more or less cleared of everyone but police and a few dozen gawkers on July 8th, it was clear that most of the businesses that had been attacked were either banks or corporate chains. The stores that had merchandise expropriated included the Foot Locker and the downtown Sears, as well as a locally owned beauty supply store and a jewelry store. Broken windows and graffiti were seen throughout downtown. The dumpsters and garbage cans set on fire earlier had been extinguished or burned themselves out. The Oakland police department reported arresting 78 people that night, although charges were later dropped against most of them. At least thirteen people remain in jail on charges or parole violations.
[Pictured above, Whole Foods grocery on Harrison Street had several windows broken on the Vernon Street side of the store.]
The National Lawyers Guild held a press conference on July 14th on the use of excessive force by police and questioning their motives and actions on the night of July 8th.
Besides property damage and police brutality, some of the aftermath, as it was in the lead-up to the verdict, includes local non-profits' war against anyone who adamantly advocates for justice, including the family of Oscar Grant. Immediately after the verdict was read in Los Angeles Superior Court on July 8th, Oscar Grant's uncle Cephus Johnson spoke to the cameras outside of the court house. Quite understandably, in the heat of the moment he said that he felt like he had been slapped in the face by the jury when Mehserle was merely convicted of Involuntary Manslaughter, the least of the charges from which the jury could choose, meaning they believed his defense that the killing of Oscar Grant was the result of an accidental confusion of taser and pistol. As was reported in the SF Chronicle late in the night on July 8th, Youth Uprising's Olis Simmons took this heartfelt and honest expression of pain as an opportunity to blame Cephus for any outrage and possible property destruction that might happen in Oakland, using the "violent" imagery of kicking in a door to describe his words, as if he was inciting a riot. "Damn. He just opened the door," she said. "Kicked it open. I don't think he meant to, but he did it." Apparently, Olis Simmons counts herself as much more message-disciplined, especially when it comes to Youth Uprising getting paid by the city to amplify City Hall talking points about staying calm in the face of injustice and producing PSA's that equate property destruction with the murder of Oscar Grant. Minister Keith Muhammad declared at a press conference held on July 10th that it was unfair to place the burder of property destruction on Oscar Grant's family. Two days before the verdict, in a separate insult to Cephus Johnson in the Chronicle, columnist Chip Johnson misleadingly attributed to Cephus a quote about outside agitators "pimping" Oakland residents.
The Oakland police department, which has stated it spent over $1 million on July 8th, claims to be investigating the actions of two mayoral candidates, councilmembers Jean Quan and Rebecca Kaplan, who stood in front of a surging police line at 14th and Broadway in order to prevent OPD from cracking heads. This investigation comes just days after the city council layed off 80 police officers due to budget constraints. OPD has posted a "wanted" page displaying photographs of individuals it wants to arrest, and City Attorney John Russo is threatening to find a way to bill arrestees for property damage.
Of those arrested on July 8th who remain in jail, seven have no bail set (these people got their protest charges dropped, but are still in for parole violations), while others have been unable to make their exorbitant bails: one person's being as high as $525,000, one at $70,000, three at $60,000-65,000 and one at $35,000. The next hearing for many of these folks is Thursday, July 22nd.
This block of Webster, between 21st and 22nd, was particularly hard hit, with nearly every window on the block broken and/or spray painted. This and the following nine photos are from the same block.
Ghostown perhaps a reference to dozens of arrests recently on MLK Blvd in Oakland: http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2010/06/14/18650601.php
New plywood to cover windows is already coming in.


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Viral Marketing Biggest Threat to USPS
The United States Postal Service has experienced rough water over the past year (or more) and recently announced plans to consolidate or eliminate over 35,000 jobs in the United States. This comes as revenue has continued to fall and the agency is on a 3-year plan to save $20 billion.
Looking back at the year-over-year struggles for the Postal Service, interesting trends are clearly present. Notably, there is a well-defined parallel of when the Postal Service began losing money to when viral marketing initiatives including text messaging, email marketing, and social media marketing started gaining momentum.
The agency recently stated that the diminishing number of first-class mailings in addition to lower-volume shipments have led to less-than-expected revenue.
The rise in electronic communications has caused the average consumer to stop sending letters and instead correspond through email. This supports the indication of a diminishing number of first-class mailings.
The rise in viral marketing initiatives (including text messaging and email marketing) have allowed companies to shift their resources to more innovative marketing tactics that can be tracked with analytics to show greater return on investment.
During this past holiday shopping season, major retailers (including Best Buy, J.C. Penney, and Wal-Mart) invested more money into marketing on Facebook and Twitter versus mass-mailing promotional materials. There was a tremendous spike in social media marketing promoting daily-deals at most retailers, and revealing up-to-the-minute updates about pricing and availability, details of which could not be reported in a time-efficient manner by a major postal carrier.
However, despite the challenges the agency has faced over the years, the Postal Service could actually capitalize on this emerging market. For example, given their history and reputation, the Postal Service is in a strong position to adapt their products and begin hosting email services for personal and corporate use. The agency could enter in to a partnership with a major tech company to begin hosting email services that would allow for electronic newsletters, social media integration, and more.
In addition, their available resources (dictated by the government sector) could put the agency in a strong position to reemerge and begin competing in online viral marketing services.
Kenneth C. Wisnefski is founder and chief executive of WebiMax, an online marketing firm in Mount Laurel, N.J., specializing in search engine optimization, search engine marketing, pay per click management and social media marketing.


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9 Lessons From My Internship With Seth Godin
After ten days of silent meditation, I powered up my iPhone to check my email, the first message was from Seth Godin – telling me I was picked for his short summer internship. An intense feeling o...Read More
Leveraging Internships as Experience
The business world has slowly started shifting its views on what level of experience is acceptable for new hires. Experience has always been a substantial requirement for high-paying jobs, and to that...Read More
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Although one bystander says a transgender woman was wrongly "humiliated" at the Utah Driver License Division last week, the division says an investigation revealed Monday that state employees acted appropriately.
And the Transgender Education Advocates of Utah (TEA of Utah) backs the state. Members of the advocacy group reviewed surveillance videos on Monday as part of the state's investigation.
"The employees did follow procedure," said Teinamarrie Scuderi, associate director of TEA of Utah. "There was no ridicule, [no] pointing and laughing … what we saw on the video was pretty much everyday, if you went to the Driver License Division to get your ID renewed."
On Thursday, Amber Anderton, a 29-year-old political science student at the University of Utah, visited the division's Fairpark office in Salt Lake City to renew her license. Anderton, in an interview, said a woman, who later identified herself as transgender to Anderton, was ahead of her in line. The transgender woman was waiting to be photographed, but an employee stopped to confer with a co-worker.
The two were "gossiping and giggling" about the transgender person, Anderton said, although she acknowledges she could not hear what was said. Anderton also was upset that the individual was required to remove her make-up in the rest room before she could be photographed.
"It was everyday makeup a woman would wear base, mascara, blush," said Anderton, who complained to a supervisor at the office. "I said, 'Would you ask [another] woman to wash her face off before getting a picture taken?' He said, 'That's not a woman, that's a man.' "
Anderton said the transgender woman told her she was "livid" but she did not want to "make a scene." Anderton encouraged her to file a complaint.
"It was humiliating. I was humiliated for her," Anderton said. "It's blatant discrimination."
The incident was reported on the blog prideinutah.com and spread on Facebook over the weekend.
Dwayne Baird, a spokesman for the Utah Department of Public Safety, which oversees driver licenses, said the only complaint the division has received is the one from Anderton. He said the individual involved was seeking a renewal of a state identification card and was not applying for a gender-marker change, which state policy allows with proper documentation.
In addition to reviewing security footage, the division also interviewed employees.
"It was determined the [ID card] applicant was treated fairly and with respect and in accordance with our policy," Baird said. "If you present documentation indicating who you are, we want to take a photograph that is consistent with your identity."
Baird said the individual was asked to speak with a supervisor in a private office. The supervisor asked that make-up be removed.
Scuderi said the division has been "wonderful" to work with in recent years on transgender issues. Her group worked with the division to update its policy, a year ago, on changing gender designations on driver licenses. TEA of Utah will be training division managers throughout the state next month on working with transgender applicants.
"The have a great policy," Scuderi said. "The Driver License Division doesn't want to be vilified. They are doing their jobs. They are open to more education."
Policy for changing gender on a Utah driver license
The Utah Driver License Division accommodates requests to change a person's gender designation on a license if one of the following is provided:
A U.S. passport with the updated gender • A gender change on a passport may be obtained by providing a letter from a licensed physician that certifies a patient has had appropriate clinical treatment to facilitate gender transition.
An amended birth certificate • Changing the gender designation on a birth certificate requires a court order, which may require that sex reassignment surgery has been completed.
For more information • Transgender Education Advocates of Utah, teaofutah.org


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Hotels in Montebello, California
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Montebello overviewMontebello is a budget-friendly place unique for its casinos and shops. You're sure to find the chocolate and coffee options to your liking. Families will find plenty of fun at Knott's Berry Farm and Warner Brothers Studio. Citadel Outlets and California State University-Los Angeles are popular sights to see. If you're looking for a family- and business-friendly getaway, Montebello is for you.
Where to stay in MontebelloMontebello offers a wealth of accommodation options for business and leisure travelers alike. There are 1075 hotels in the Montebello area and you can shop as many as 258 deals for rooms on Hotels.com, some with discounts of up to 50%.
- • 401 2-star hotels with an average price of $62 per night
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Here are the top hotels based on 377620 user reviews of Montebello hotels:
- • Hilton Garden Inn Los Angeles Montebello
- • Quality Inn & Suites - Montebello
How to get to MontebelloFly in to Long Beach, CA (LGB-Long Beach Municipal), 13.6 mi (21.9 km) from downtown Montebello. Los Angeles, CA (LAX-Los Angeles Intl.) is the next closest major airport, 17.4 mi (28 km) away. Montebello - Commerce Station is the closest train station.
What to see around MontebelloFun activities include attractions such as:
- • La Mirada Golf Course
- • Babe Zaharias Golf Course
- • Rancho Duarte Golf Course
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- • Kidspace Childrens Museum
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- • Knott's Soak City Water Park
- • Citadel Outlets
- • Los Angeles Flower District
- • Whitwood Town Center
- • Grand Central Market
- • Santee Alley
- • California State University-Los Angeles
- • University of Southern California
- • Knott's Berry Farm
- • Hollywood Walk of Fame
- • Dolby Theater


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This elegant bed will become the focal point of any bedroom. Tasteful and beautifully crafted,the design is highlighted by a gracefully arched headboard adorned with multiple detailed castings.
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Jay Bernstein became a librarian following a career as an anthropologist that included three years of ethnographic fieldwork in Borneo. His doctoral research on the Taman, an ethnic group of 4,500 people living in the remote interior of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, culminated in his book Spirits Captured in Stone: Shamanism and Traditional Medicine among the Taman of Borneo. His postdoctoral work, based at the University of Kent at Canterbury, took place among the Dusun, an indigenous minority in Brunei Darussalam. His anthropological studies have evolved into a research focus on the organization of knowledge and the multiple approaches of inquiry used both in anthropology and other disciplines. His current research and writing projects focus on these contrasting approaches to the theorization and study of knowledge and to inquiry, intellectual life, and the value and purposes of libraries now and in the future. As a librarian at Kingsborough Community College he coordinates the Interlibrary Loan program, conducts bibliographic instruction (information literacy) sessions, and selects titles in anthropology, philosophy, and sociology. He maintains Academic Works @ Kingsborough Community College, an institutional repository of faculty and institutional achievements, open educational resources, and archival records documenting and making available to a global readership the best of Kingsborough. He has also created an internship program in Civic Engagement in Public Libraries that places Kingsborough students in a local branch of the Brooklyn Public Library to participate in and promote services for the community, for which they receive Civic Engagement Credit. He enjoys helping students and faculty members in taking advantage of library resources and in formulating and developing their own research agendas and in seeing them through to successful completion.
Please see Jay Bernstein's page in Google Scholar
Bibliographic instruction/Information literacy
M.L.S. St. John's University
M.A., Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
B.A., SUNY College at Purchase
Kingsborough Community College, 2004-present
SUNY College at Purchase, 1997
University of Kent at Canterbury, 1992-1995
Bernstein, Jay H. (2015). "Transdisciplinarity: A review of its origins, development, and current issues." Journal of Research Practice 11(1), article R1. Retrieved from http://jrp.icaap.org/index.php/jrp/article/view/510/436Bernstein, Jay H. (2014) "Disciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in the study of knowledge." Informing Science 17, 241-273. Retrieved from http://www.inform.nu/Articles/Vol17/ISJv17p241-273Bernstein0681.pdf
Bernstein, Jay H. (2011) "Shamanic knowledge: the challenge to information science." Advances in the Study of Information and Religion 1 (article 7): 128-150. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.kent.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=asir
Bernstein, Jay H. (2010) "Folk concepts." In 21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook, edited by H. James Birx, 848-855. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2009a) "Nonknowledge: the bibliographical organization of ignorance, stupidity, error, and unreason: part two." Knowledge Organization 36(4): 249-260.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2009b) "Nonknowledge: the bibliographical organization of ignorance, stupidity, error, and unreason: part one." Knowledge Organization 36 (1): 17-29.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2009c) "The data-information-knowledge-wisdom hierarchy and its antithesis." Proceedings North American Symposium on Knowledge Organization 2: 68-75. Retrieved from http://iskocus.org/publications/nasko2009/Bernstein-NASKO2009.pdf
Bernstein, Jay H. (2007) "New York placenames in film titles." Names 55 (2): 139-166.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2006) "From the ubiquitous to the nonexistent: a demographic study of OCLC WorldCat." Library Resources & Technical Services 50 (2):79-90.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2004) "Taman shamanism (Borneo)." In Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures, edited by Mariko Namba Walter and Eva Jane Neumann Fridman, 842-847. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio.
Bernstein, Jay H. (2002) "First recipients of anthropological doctorates in the United States, 1891-1930." American Anthropologist 104 (2): 551-564. (Special centennial issue.)
Bernstein, Jay H. (2000) "An Interview with George De Vos." Organdi Quarterly, no. 1. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/843839/An_interview_with_George_De_Vos
Bernstein, Jay H. (1998) "The perils of Laura Watson Benedict: a forgotten pioneer in anthropology." Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society 26 (3): 165-191. Special Issue: Commemorating our first twenty-five years: Selected papers. (Reprint of Bernstein 1985.)
Bernstein, Jay H. (1997a) Spirits Captured in Stone: Shamanism and Traditional Medicine among the Taman of Borneo. Boulder, Colo. and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Bernstein, Jay H. (1997b) "The deculturation of the Brunei Dusun." In Indigenous Peoples and the State: Politics, Land, and Ethnicity in the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, edited by Robert L. Winzeler, 159-179. Monograph 46. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.
Bernstein, Jay H. (1996) "Higher order categories in Brunei Dusun ethnobotany: the folk-classification of rainforest plants." In Tropical Rainforest Research--Current Issues, edited by D.S. Edwards, W.E. Booth, and S.C. Choy, 435-450. Monographieae Biologicae 74. Dordrecht and Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Bernstein, Jay H. (1993a) "Poisons and antidotes among the Taman of West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 149 (1): 3-21.
Bernstein, Jay (1993b) "The shaman's destiny: symptoms, affliction, and the re-interpretation of illness among the Taman." In The Seen and the Unseen: Shamanism, Mediumship, and Possession in Borneo, edited by Robert L. Winzeler, 171-206. Borneo Research Council Monograph Series, vol. 2. Williamsburg, Va.: Borneo Research Council.
Bernstein, Jay H. (1990) "The infusion of teachers from eastern Indonesia into West Kalimantan." In Patterns of Migration in Southeast Asia, edited by Robert R. Reed, 182-190. Berkeley, Calif.: Centers for South and Southeast Asian Studies.
Bernstein, Jay H. (1985) "The perils of Laura Watson Benedict: a forgotten pioneer in anthropology." Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society 13 (3): 171-197.
Bernstein, Jay H. and Roy Ellen (1995) "Licuala palms in Brunei Dusun ethnobotany." Brunei Museum Journal 10: 97-110.
Bernstein, Jay H., Roy Ellen, and Bantong Antaran (1997) "The use of plot surveys for the study of ethnobotanical knowledge: a Brunei Dusun example." Journal of Ethnobiology 17 (1): 69-96.
Ellen, Roy, and Jay Bernstein (1994) "Urbs in rure: cultural transformation of the rainforest in modern Brunei." Anthropology Today 10 (4): 16-19.
Bibliometrics, collection assessment, and scholarly communication
History and bibliography of anthropology
Indigenous knowledge, belief systems, cosmologies, and shamanism
Knowledge organization, social epistemology, and theorization about knowledge from multiple scholarly perspectives
Library and information science theory
Transdisciplinary research and education
ACRL/New YorkAmerican Association of University ProfessorsAmerican Library AssociationAssociation of College and Research Libraries (member, Academic Libraries Trends & Statistics Editorial Board)Anthropology and Sociology Librarians Section, ACRLAssociation of College and Research LibrariesCommunity College Librarians Section, ACRLInternational Society for Knowledge OrganizationLibrary Association of the City University of New York
ArtMyers-Briggs Type Indicator


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- 11-25-13 09:54 PM #1Cadillac Owners Member
- Automobile(s): 2011 CTS Premium
- Join Date
- Sep 2013
- Location
- Tampa Bay
- Age
- 46
- Posts
- 60
What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
My tire pressure light has been on for the past few days. I have a 2011 CTS Premium Summer Tire Performance Package.
I'm going to inflate the tires myself so that I can shut off the Tire Pressure Warning Light but first want to see what PSI you guys are maintaining for the Summer Tires. From what I understand the PSI recommendations listed in the door are for standard tires.
- 11-25-13 10:32 PM #2Cadillac Owners Fanatic
- Automobile(s): 2011 CTS4 Coupe, Premium edition
- Join Date
- Dec 2011
- Location
- Poolesville, MD
- Posts
- 234
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
Good question....
I'm not really sure what's optimal for these, but on my car, I tend to try to fill them to around 35PSI. I find if they get anywhere below about 32, the car feels less "crisp" in handling. I've also noticed that when I use the air compressor Cadillac included with the car, the gauge reads about 2PSI higher than what the car itself tells me the tires are inflated to right afterwards.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
Checked the door and to my surprise it DOES include PSI for 19" tires--35 PSI.
I bought a digital gauge and the reading is about 2 PSI lower on the Caddy DSI.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
MINIMUM of 35 psi, measured when cold (i.e., car sitting in the garage overnight). I usually bump them to 37 psi, which gives me a margin as they tend to lose pressure over time, maybe about a pound every week or so. Anything under 35 PSI and the car handles poorly, IMHO. I'm following the same procedure with my new Michelin Pilot Sport A/S 3's, which are all-season tires (and they handle and ride great, much better in both respects than the Contis that came with the car).
BTW, I can't believe you allowed the tires to get so low that the warning light came on. There's nothing more important to your safety -- and that of your family, friends, and others on the road -- than your tires! The pressure is easy enough to check by pressing the upper right button on the DIC. It's a very good habit to get into. Also, running tires below pressure will cause them to wear out much sooner, if not fail all together.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
Hey Judge I appreciate your answering my question--I don't need your approval or your sanctimonious lecture about The Deadly Impact of Low Tire Pressure
on Family, Friends, & The World at Large.
If you're gonna lecture car owners, I suggest you write an essay cautioning the forum about speeding or drunken driving.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
You're right -- I apologize. Let me restate my point: Anyone who neglects one of the most fundamental maintenance and safety aspect of their vehicle, as you apparently have, should have their driver's license taken away and their car impounded and sold for scrap.
If I'm not mistaken, the low pressure warning is just that, a warning. It doesn't come on when your tires are dangerously low, to the point of causing an accident. It comes on to warn you before there is a problem. Also judge, I've said it before in another post and I'll say it again here...I have no idea how you are losing a pound a week in tire pressure. I haven't checked my tire pressure since I have owned the car, which has been well over a year. I think by your estimates, I'd be running on flat tires by now. I don't disagree with your statement about the importance of tire pressure, I just think the way you stated it to the OP was a bit dramatic. He isn't putting anyone in danger by the way he is handling this situation. Just my opinion....and we all know what that's worth.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
While The_Judge is only about 7 years younger than I, let me offer the opinion of someone who began steadily wrenching on cars in mid-1953 - part time grease monkey job after school - at an outdoor AMOCO station, year 'round. No, I am not now in the automotive maintenance business - I build cars and engines for fun and profit as a retired hobby.
Back in the Dark Ages it was standard procedure for any car owner to do at least weekly underhood checks, tire pressure checks, and brake checks. Now, practically no one "maintains" a car - they simply drive it. The vehicles in question in this thread all need attention - but apparently some of them only get it when a chime, icon, or light screams "Help !". If a vehicle has a TPMS (a useless bell/whistle in my opinion) and you let IT tell you your tire pressures are low, you are guilty of normal maintenance neglect. If you ever see a low oil level warning, that's worse - not for the car - for your neglect of the car.
Given today's warning systems for everything from coolant level to tire pressure, it's no wonder that most of the motoring public knows nothing about the $75,000 hunk of steel and plastic they drive except where the key goes. You would be amazed, after many years in this site, just how many Cadillac owners have never even read their owner's manual ! You advise someone to " ......... look it up in your GM service manual or Alldata subscription" and all of a sudden you're a total jerk for recommending that someone actually learn something about their car !
How many members have actually read the Cadillac Technical Archive way up ^^^ in the black bar, or read the sticky posts at the top of the threads pages for your particular car/system/engine ?? Not many, I'll wager.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
And now, back to our regularly scheduled programming.
37 psi.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
+1 on 37 psi
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
My wife's Audi runs at 42 FYI. No bearing on a Caddy, but I did find that interesting.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
Edit: Sorry tin man, didn't intent to respond to your post but just reply to thread.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
No apologies necessary.
Quite a swing in PSI when the outside temp changes dramatically. One week ago it was 40 F here. Today it is 80F. Oh, well, the Jags have a night game tonight and I am taking my 92 year old parents, so warm is good. My Dad is getting honored at the start of the third quarter as "Veteran of the Game" on the field. 65,000 drunks and a standing ovation! That'll be neat standing at the goal line under the lights.
Interesting. The V has a 32 PSI recommendation. IIRC I thought my 3.2 AWD coupe was higher than that.
Despite the recommendation, I have mine at 35 PSI.
Re: What PSI do you guys maintain? 19" Summer Only Tires
Back to the original question, 2011 Performance with summer only tires. The sticker on your door also specifies the tires that came with the car, so unless you changed to the summer only tires the sticker is correct. Check your tire sizes against the sticker and it should clear things up. My 2011 with performance package and summer only tires specifies 35 both front and back.