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|Gitz, Dennis
|Ritchie, Jerry
|Krizek, Donald
|Springer, Timothy
|Reeves Iii, James
|Reddy, Vangimalla
Submitted to: Eastern Native Grass Symposium
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/15/2006
Publication Date: 10/10/2006
Citation: Gitz, D.C., Ritchie, J.C., Krizek, D.T., Springer, T.L., Reeves III, J.B., Reddy, V. 2006. Effect of Temperature and CO2 on Forage Nutritive Value of 'Pete' Eastern Gamagrass. IN: Sanderson, M.A., Adler, P., Goslee, S., Ritchie, J.C., Skinner, H., and Soder, K. (Editors). Proceedings of the Fifth Eastern Native Grass Symposium, October 10-13, 2006, Harrisburg, Pennyslvania. p107-114. Interpretive Summary: Eastern gamagrass is a warm season perennial C4 bunchgrass native to the Americas. It is also of interest as a potential forage plant because it can be grown on a range of soils and is tolerant to drought and flooding. It has been suggested as a forage crop which could be used to extend forage production into the Summer, when heat and drought become a problem with more traditional cool season grasses. We investigated how gamagrass forage quality would respond to high carbon dioxide and high temperature, conditions associated with global warming. We found that gamagrass is extremely responsive to temperature, but less sensitive to carbon dioxide levels. Forage harvested from low temperature grown gamagrass is more nutritious and more digestible than high temperature grown gamagrass. We found that with increasing carbon dioxide, lignin content increased slightly in all portions of the plant (leaves, crowns, and roots). First cuttings of gamagrass in the Spring might be more nutritious than later harvests simply because of lower temperatures during production. This may explain, at least in part, why warm season grasses grown in northern climates, exhibit superior forage nutritive value to those grown in warmer regions. Results of this work are expected to benefit growers and breeders.
Technical Abstract: It is becoming generally accepted that two features of future global climate will be increased temperatures and carbon dioxide levels. The potential for such climate change effects on forage quality in native grass species has not been investigated. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was grown in one cubic meter bins filled with a sand:vermiculite mix with regular fertigation with a complete nutrient solution in closed transparent cuvettes (Soil Plant Atmosphere Research (SPAR) chambers) at 370 or 740 mol mol-1 CO2 and 20/14°, 27.5/21.5° or 35/29°C day/night temperatures. Plants were allowed to develop from mid-May to mid-October. Leaves were clipped at 8 and 16 weeks and whole plants (roots, crowns, leaves) were harvested at 21 weeks. Eastern gamagrass leaves grown at 20°C had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (68% IVDMD), the least fiber (69% NDF, 34% ADF, 3.9% Lignin), and the highest protein content (18% crude protein by combustion). Growth at 35°C reduced both IVDMD and protein content by about 17%. On average, forage from plants grown at the current ambient CO2 level was slightly higher in IVDMD (about 62%) than that of enhanced CO2 grown plants (IVDMD of about 61%). Levels of CO2 had no effect on crude leaf protein content. We found a slight but consistent and significant effect of CO2 on forage nutritive value for this native grass species. Temperature effects were much more pronounced. The results suggest that the higher protein content of first cuttings of eastern gamagrass, and of eastern gamagrass grown in cooler climates, might result from a developmental response to temperature in addition to such generally recognized factors as water availability and canopy phenology.


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Tom Lehrer continues to teach musical theater and math at UC Santa Cruz. This compact disc makes available his ultra-rare 1953 debut album which was the biggest-selling comedy record of the 1950s. Includes such devastating satiric classics as "The Masochism Tango," "Poisoning Pigeons in the Park," "A Christmas Carol," and "We''ll All Go Together When We Go."No Track Information AvailableMedia Type: CDArtist: LEHRER,TOMTitle: SONGS & MORE SONGS BY TOM LEHRStreet Release Date: 05/06/1997DomesticGenre: COMEDY
In the wake of the '80s comedy boom that made casual obscenity and bodily functions safe for TV, a listen to these '50s classics from a piano-playing Harvard grad student with a thin singing voice sounds tame if not quaint. Yet Lehrer's first two self-produced albums, among the first generation of comedy LPs, remain beloved gems of musical parody, and noteworthy for their original success in an era when their topics were strictly taboo for broadcast media. He kids cold war paranoia ("We Will All Go Together When We Go"), sends up then-hip folk revivalists with a cheerful murder ballad ("The Irish Ballad"), and gets laughs out of incest ("Oedipus Rex"), drugs ("The Old Dope Peddler"), and racism ("I Wanna Go Back to Dixie"). Closer to Gilbert & Sullivan (whom he in fact raids for one melody) than Def Comedy Jams, Lehrer can still raise a modern frisson when he plays necrophilia as romance ("I hold your hand in mine dear, I press it to my lips/ I take a healthy bite from your dainty fingertips..."). --Sam Sutherland

subset: commoncrawl


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Police Blotter: Man shoots self in torso by accident
Accidental shooting
Police were dispatched to the 1900 block of South Richardson Avenue, around 4 a.m. Monday. The 52-year-old victim told officials that he saw a beam of a flashlight in his yard. He armed himself. Then, when he went to check, he saw two teenagers whose faces were covered and a third unseen assailant pushed him. The firearm discharged. A projectile hit him in the torso; he was taken to a local hospital for treatment of his injuries.
Police were called to an altercation in the 2000 block of South Sunset Avenue, Monday. When officials arrived at the scene, they discovered a man holding a knife to a woman's throat. The male subject struck her with the butt of the knife. The man was arrested on charges of aggravated assault.
Stolen vehicle
Police received a report of auto theft at Roswell Body Shop, 506 E. McGaffey St., Monday, where sometime between Friday and Monday, subjects gained entry into the business, after cutting a lock and prying open a door. A key was removed and a white Jaguar was taken.
Police responded to China King Buffet, 2810 N. Main St., Monday, where a male subject removed some origami figures made out of money that the restaurant kept near the cash register.
Police were called to Kids Kare, 3751 N. Main St., Monday, after someone took three checks. Later, police were dispatched to Pioneer Bank, 2 St. Mary's Place, where an individual attempted to cash one of the checks valued at $3,000.
• Police were called to the 900 block of West Matthews Street, Monday. Officers found the lock to the garage was cut. The victim reported a karaoke machine and some household goods stolen. The items were valued at $500.
• Police responded to Ooy's Express, 1000 W. Hobbs St., Monday, after subjects entered the restaurant through a roof vent. The place was ransacked and a credit card machine and an undisclosed amount of cash was taken. Damages and the losses from the theft were assessed at $5,000.
• Police were called to Linda Vista Lock-up and Storage, 110 W. Linda Vista Blvd., Monday. A company representative said that sometime over the weekend, subjects cut a hole through the chain link fence and cut into five different units. Police have yet to receive a complete list of missing items.
•Police were dispatched to Assumption Catholic Church, 2808 N. Kentucky Ave., Monday, where a subject broke into the donation box sometime between Jan. 27 and Feb. 3, 2014, and removed all the cash.
• The Chaves County Sheriff's Office received a call about a robbery, Monday evening. According to reports, the victim picked up a woman of negotiable affection who then walked off with cash and a bank card. The woman was later picked up by deputies. She was arrested on charges of larceny. It is unknown if the man received his contracted services.
Anyone having information about these or any other crimes is asked to contact Crime Stoppers 888-594-TIPS (8477). Callers may remain anonymous and could be eligible for a reward.
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1. Start your day with a quick dose of Zbignew Priesner, my favorite film music composer. Here's a track from A Short Film About Killing, from Kieslowski's Decalogue.2. Another random musical surprise: M. Ward links to a recorded telephone conversation with Jeff Buckley, who sings Bob Dylan's "I Shall Be Released" over the phone at about the 4-minute mark.3. The Matthews House Project has a long, in-depth look at the amazing Bruce Cockburn and his new double-live solo CD Slice O … [Read more...]
Browser: Zbignew Priesner. Jeff Buckley. Bruce Cockburn's "Slice O Life." Bob Dylan. U2. Tauntaun. Tom Hanks.
April 2, 2009 by
Tom Hanks will star in The DaVinci Code
November 15, 2004 by
Looks like this decent piece of commercial fiction, full of historical innaccuracies and gross misrepresentations of Christ and Christian history, is going to be in the news for a long time to come. … [Read more...]
Ten Questions You're Asking about Spielberg's The Terminal
June 17, 2004 by
1. Is it worth seeing?Yes.2. Why is it worth seeing?Because it's Tom Hanks at his very best, with the most multi-dimensional and convincing character he's played in a long time. The movie set itself--an airport terminal constructed for the film--is a thing of beauty, and Janusz Kaminski films it in a spectacular array of kaleidoscopic light.3. Is it as good as Catch Me If You Can? … [Read more...]


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Remember when I said that Hollywood should start paying attention to some of the magnificent artists producing unofficial posters? 20th Century Fox gets it:
Very excited to announce that Fro Design Co was recently commissioned by 20th Century Fox to design some promotional material for the new film Chronicle.
Well, it's a start.


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Today is the 4th of July, Independence Day in the United States. I am just back from enjoying our local fireworks display with my husband and kids.
Independence Day is about freedom. A cancer diagnosis, with all of it's negatives, does grant some new freedoms.
For awhile just after my diagnosis, it was assumed I was terminally ill. On a plane to New York City, I suddenly thought of how cool it would be to FLY the jet airliner I was on. Wouldn't it be a rush to be in control of the plane, to be actually FLYING the plane? Before cancer I'd been afraid to be a passenger on a plane, I used to be afraid of dying in a plane crash. When I thought I was dying anyway, I suddenly got bold-- potential death was no longer a deterrent. I suddenly thought flight school might be great. I was free of my fear of flying.
I also suddenly lost my fear of playing piano publicly. I now play piano professionally for hundreds of people. Now it's not a big deal if I make a mistake, I just keep playing. Before cancer a mistake made publicly would stop me cold, I'd panic and be unable to play until I started the song again from the beginning. Thanks to cancer I am now free of that fear, I no longer have stage fright.
Small fears I'd had suddenly seemed insignificant when facing cancer. I've talked to other cancer patients who experienced the same thing. Small fears evaporated. They found new freedoms in many ways.
I also became free of my fear of death. After looking death in the face over and over for days, months and years, I've come to accept it on every level. I fine-tuned my faith, I gave all of my trust to God. Now death to me is just a door to a new beginning, a temporary separation from those I love. It will be a transition to a place where things will be right, where I will be home, where my body will forever be whole. I totally trust in an eternal life, now I look forward to Heaven all of the time.
I have one great fear left. A fear of not fulfilling whatever purpose I am here on this earth for. A fear of not using my life and time and experiences in a purposeful and meaningful way. A fear of not repaying the gift I was given of several more years with my husband and kids. The gift I was given of being here to watch my kids grow up, of being a part of their lives. I feel I have a great debt to repay. I fear not honoring that gift.
Wednesday, July 4, 2007
Independence Day
Today is the 4th of July, Independence Day in the United States. I am just back from enjoying our local fireworks display with my husband and kids.
Posted by Carolyn Langlie-Lesnik RN BSN at 11:21 PM
1 comment:
- Graham Davies said...
Carolyn wrote:
"I also became free of my fear of death. After looking death in the face over and over for days, months and years, I've come to accept it on every level."
Exactly my experience too. After my operation in March 2006 I was told I had just months to live. But I'm still here, feeling fit and well, and I have just finished tidying up our garden on this sunny day. It looks beautiful. I was not all that religious before I was told I had cancer, but I see things differently now. I thank God for saving my life and giving me more time in this beautiful. While I was recovering from my operation I had many friends who offered prayers for me. They included Christians of various denominations, as well as Sikhs and Muslims.
- July 8, 2007 at 6:29 AM


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The Bus Stop Story – Fight for Yourself!
During our morning ride to school (which happens to be about 40 minutes since Madison goes to private school), Madison and I got into a conversation about Bullying. As you know Bullying comes in all forms, physical, emotional, and now online. Let's just say that she is dealing with some indirect bullying. As she relayed the story to me the father in me, the protector in me, the human in me, steadily heated up like smoldering lava before the catastrophic volcano! It took everything in me not to ask her, Where is she? What's her 1st...read more
12 Yrs in Business! On Top of the World
At My Galleria Office Today on top of the world! Look at this view. How Blessed am I to own a company that helps businesses dreams come true! How Blessed am I to have been in business for 12 years this month! God is So good. Enjoy the view from the top of the world!read more
Five Reasons Americans Are Not As Wealthy As They Could Be – Forbes
Five Reasons Americans Are Not As Wealthy As They Could Be – Forbes. Five Reasons Americans Are Not As Wealthy As They Could Be: 1. They don't save enough. 2. They carry high-interest debt. 3. They make investment decisions based on emotion. 4. They spend large amounts of money on depreciating assets 5. They start a plan too late. START...read more
TGIF – God and Clarity @ Starbucks
This is how I am spending my Friday morning. I am sitting at Starbucks outside listening to the Audio book – The 4 hour Work Week. We do not spend enough time with ourselves marveling at Gods greatness. You must take the time to sit still and listen to God within you. It not only brings you peace but it brings clarity to your goals and your life. Kevin...read more


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Eleanor McMain High School Class of 2003 "10 Year" Reunion Budget Payments
McMain Class of 2003 Planning Committee
Weekly Event - Every Monday: 7:00 PM to 5:00 PM (PDT)
Event Details
McMain Class of 2003 presents...
10 Year Reunion Weekend
Labor Day Weekend: August 30-September 1st
Join us for our 10 Year Reunion celebration! We will start our weekend off on Friday, August 30th mixing and mingling over drinks, light appetizers and good music at the W Hotel located in Downtown New Orleans. Then, dance the night away at our Reunion Weekend Kickoff After-Party: Location TBA.
On Saturday, August 31st join us at Rock and Bowl for a fun filled afternoon of bowling, food and friends. Then on Saturday night come dressed to impress for our Reunion Reception at the Reserve of Orleans Banquet Hall located in Gentilly.
Fellowship with us at Greather St. Stephens Chruch in Eastern New Orleans at 10am on Sunday, September 1st. Following the service, we will have our Family Fun Day filled with games, food and music.
Friday August 30th
The W HOTEL
333 Poydras St,
New Orleans, LA 70130
Join us for drinks, light apps and good music
After Party
Location: TBA
Saturday, August 31st
Lets Roll!
Rock and Bowl
3000 S. Carrolton Ave.
New Orleans, LA 70118
*favors will be distributed
*admission, bowling, shoe rental, food and drinks are covered
Reserve of Orleans
3100 Bruxelles St,
New Orleans, LA 70119
Join us for a night filled with memories, music, food and good people
*admission for you plus 1 guest
Sunday, September 1st
Greater St. Stephens
5600 Read Blvd.
New Orleans, LA 70127
Family Fun Day!
Brechtel Park
4401 Lennox Blvd.
New Orleans, LA 70131
Join us for an afternoon filled with games, food and music.
*admission for you plus 1 guest
*kids are free
Reunion Weekend Package Price: $175 person
Additonal Information
Favor Package
- Class T-shirt
- Tote Bag
- 8 x10 Class Photo
- Shot Glass
*we will have "New Orleans" inspired items in favor bag as well
Gift to McMain
In honor of Vice Principal Eames, Class of 2003 will be giving:
(1) $250 "Leaving a Legacy" Book scholarship to a McMain Senior who demonstrates exceptional leadership skills, excels in extra-curricular activities and engages in community service.
*your contribution is calculated in reunion package
*If you would like to give more to Scholarship Fund, please email us at email@example.com
Payment :
$175 by July 15, 2013
$200 between July 16 - August 15, 2013
$225 after August 15, 2013
Hotel Accomendation:
The W Hotel:
333 Poydras St
New Orleans, LA 70301
Hotel block: 8.30-9.2.13
Rate: $99.00/nightly
Call 1-877-WHOTELS to Reserve
Reservation Code: McMain Reunion
PLEASE NOTE: We are using Event Brite only for budget payment and registration purposes. Do not worry about printing out ticket, or the event date listed above. Use links to pay budget and email confirmation will be sent following payment.
New Orleans,
Weekly Event - Every Monday: 7:00 PM to 5:00 PM (PDT)
Add to my calendar


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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
To determine the clinical effectiveness of implementing early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) as a routine protocol in the emergency department (ED).
Prospective interventional study conducted over 2 years at an urban ED. Inclusion criteria included suspected infection, criteria for systemic inflammation, and either systolic BP < 90 mm Hg after a fluid bolus or lactate concentration ≥ 4 mol/L. Exclusion criteria were age < 18 years, contraindication to a chest central venous catheter, and need for immediate surgery. We prospectively recorded preintervention clinical and mortality data on consecutive, eligible patients for 1 year when treatment was at the discretion of board-certified emergency physicians. We then implemented an EGDT protocol (the intervention) and recorded clinical data and mortality rates for 1 year. Prior to the first year, we defined a 33% relative reduction in mortality (relative mortality reduction that was found in the original EGDT trial) to indicate clinical effectiveness of the intervention.
We enrolled 79 patients in the preintervention year and 77 patients in the postintervention year. Compared with the preintervention year, patients in the postintervention year received significantly greater crystalloid volume (2.54 L vs 4.66 L, p < 0.001) and frequency of vasopressor infusion (34% vs 69%, p < 0.001) during the initial resuscitation. In-hospital mortality was 21 of 79 patients (27%) before intervention, compared with 14 of 77 patients (18%) after intervention (absolute difference, - 9%; 95% confidence interval, + 5 to - 21%).
Implementation of EGDT in our ED was associated with a 9% absolute (33% relative) mortality reduction. Our data provide external validation of the clinical effectiveness of EGDT to treat sepsis and septic shock in the ED.
Sepsis has an in-hospital mortality rate of 30%, equating to approximately 215,000 deaths annually.1-2 An estimated 50% of hospital sepsis cases originate in the emergency department (ED).3 New therapeutic strategies for sepsis have had little impact on the high mortality rate as evidenced by the finding that the average mortality rate attributable to sepsis in the last decade approximately equaled the mortality rates from the 1970s.4 However, in the last 5 years, several therapeutic research innovations have shown promise for impacting the outcome of patients with sepsis.5-7
Among these innovations, the largest mortality benefit was reported by Rivers and colleagues7 in a study of 263 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in 2001. Through a protocol-driven resuscitation strategy aimed at hemodynamic optimization in the ED, at the time of recognition of sepsis, Rivers et al7 were able to decrease absolute inhospital mortality rate by 16%. Their strategy, termed early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), targets various end points of resuscitation in an algorithmic approach with the overarching goal of reversing sepsis-induced hypoperfusion. The results of this study led to a grade B recommendation for the routine use of EGDT in the ED for patients who present with severe sepsis and septic shock as a part of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. These recommendations have been endorsed by 11 professional societies, including the American College of Emergency Physicians and Society of Critical Care Medicine.8 However, this approach has not been externally validated in prospective longitudinal study that measured the effect of the intervention of the EGDT protocol, used as published by Rivers et al.7 In the present study, we sought to determine the clinical effectiveness, quantified by predefined mortality and morbidity indicators, of patients treated with the protocol compared with patients treated prior to the protocol implementation.
We performed a prospective before and after study of the clinical effectiveness, defined as the change in mortality caused by the intervention of an EGDT protocol for the early treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in the ED. The protocol was implemented as a clinical pathway in the time frame diagrammed in Figure 1. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board and privacy board of Carolinas Healthcare System.
All patients were enrolled in the ED at Carolinas Medical Center, an urban, 800-bed, teaching hospital with > 100,000 patient visits per year. The ED is staffed at all times by emergency medicine resident physicians supervised by board-certified emergency medicine attending physicians. Prior to implementing the goal-directed resuscitation protocol, our ED did not follow written management protocol for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
A multidisciplinary team of ED, ICU, and infectious disease specialists, and ED and ICU nurses collaborated to implement the protocol and methods described by Rivers et al7 (Fig 2). Our protocol was the same but was delivered via two modifications: (1) it was executed by the physicians and nurses who were providing clinical care to the patient (Rivers et al provided additional physician staffing at the bedside); and (2) it was initiated in the ED, and care was subsequently transitioned to the ICU. The protocol was discontinued at the discretion of the admitting attending physician (Rivers et al continued care in the ED for 6 h).
The goal-directed resuscitation protocol required monitoring central venous pressure (CVP) and central venous oxygen saturation (Scvo2), which our preliminary data demonstrated were not performed in severe sepsis or septic shock patients in our ED prior to initiation of the protocol. Accordingly, 1 month was allocated for the education and training of participating healthcare providers. To minimize difficulties inherent to the transfer of care, we developed a standard goal-directed resuscitation order sheet and a nursing flow sheet to facilitate the patient's transfer to the ICU.9
In both phases, eligible subjects were identified by board-certified emergency physicians in the ED, and inclusion criteria were identical for both phases: (1) age > 17 years; (2) suspected or confirmed infection; (3) two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria10: heart rate > 90 beats/min; respiratory rate, > 20 breaths/min; temperature, > 38°C or < 36°C, WBC count > 12,000/μLor < 4,000/μLor > 10% bands; (4) systolic BP < 90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure < 65 mm Hg ([2 × systolic BP + diastolic BP]/3) after a 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid bolus or anticipated need for ICU care and a serum lactate concentration ≥ 4.0 mmol/L. Exclusion criteria in both phases were as follows: (1) age < 18 years; (2) need for immediate surgery (anticipated departure to the operating room in < 6 h and thus could not receive 6 h of therapy in the ED and/or ICU); and (3) absolute contraindication for a chest central venous catheter. Patients with do-not-resuscitate orders at the time of eligibility were eligible for treatment with the protocol only after discussion with the family and admitting attending physician, and if both agreed on aggressive medical treatment.
In the before phase, physicians were given pocket cards containing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient data were entered in real time on a computer in the ED using a secure Web-based electronic collection form similar to that described by Kline et al.11 In the before phase, physicians were not aware of the plans for implementation of EGDT, and none had previously used the protocol described by Rivers et al.7
In the after phase, identification of an eligible patient triggered an alphanumeric page to the ED and ICU charge nurses, ED respiratory therapist, pharmacy, bed management, and both the protocol quality assurance nurse and physician. The page was meant to notify all potential clinical staff involved that the protocol was being initiated, and to accurately identify all protocol subjects. The charge nurses were notified in order to ensure smooth patient transition, the ED therapist was notified in the event that any respiratory needs were necessary (eg, assistance with initiation of mechanical ventilation), the pharmacy was notified in the event antimicrobial questions arose, and bed management was notified in order to begin the process of securing an ICU bed. The page did not require that any of these individuals respond to the patient's bedside. There was no bedside participation in the care of patients by any research personnel, there was no additional staffing of either the ED or ICU, there was no redistribution of clinical responsibilities of any of the staff, and there was no modification of either the ED or ICU physical facilities. A protocol quality assurance physician with experience in protocol execution (A.E.J.) was available by pager or telephone (24 h/d) to answer questions about protocol execution. The participation of the quality assurance physician as a resource was voluntary, used infrequently by the treating physicians (6% of cases) and he was never requested at the bedside. In all cases, the ED physicians and staff identified the patients, initiated goal-directed resuscitation, placed the central and arterial venous catheters, administered antimicrobial medications, and followed the protocol until a bed in the ICU was available for patient transfer. At the time of patient physical transfer from the ED to ICU, clinical care was transferred from the ED physicians and nurses to the admitting physicians and ICU nurses.
The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We defined clinical effectiveness before the study began as a 33% relative mortality reduction over the course of 1 year after intervention. We chose this relative mortality reduction because it is the relative mortality reduction that was found in the original EGDT trial by Rivers et al.7 This design precluded a formal sample size estimate.
Secondary outcomes were the hospital resources utilized including the mean number of both ICU and hospital days and the mean number of ventilator days. For both hospital and ICU days, if a patient spent any amount during the 24-h period of 1 day in the ICU or hospital, this was counted as a full day. The days of mechanical ventilation was defined as the number of days receiving mechanical ventilation in all patients receiving ventilation divided by number of patients receiving ventilation during the study period. We also recorded if any sepsis-specific therapies were administered, such as parenteral corticosteroids and activated protein C. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) scores were calculated on all patients at the time of identification.12-13
Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD, and when appropriate were compared for statistical differences using unpaired t tests or Mann Whitney U tests. Categorical data are reported as proportions rounded to the nearest whole number and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and where applicable tested for significance using χ2 or Fisher exact tests. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank test for comparison were used for time-to-primary outcome analysis. For all statistical tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant.
We enrolled 157 patients: 79 in the before phase (August 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005) and 77 in the after phase (November 1, 2005, to October 31, 2006). In all 77 postintervention patients, ED physicians and staff identified the patients, initiated the goal-directed resuscitation protocol, placed the central venous catheter, administered antimicrobial medications, and followed the protocol until a bed in the ICU was available for patient transfer. Table 1 shows the demographics, comorbidities, clinical variables, severity of illness score, and source of suspected infections between the groups. Among the after-group patients, the mean duration of protocol execution from initiation to transfer from the ED was 2 h and 20 min.
Table 2 compares the resuscitation interventions utilized in the initial 6 h of resuscitation between groups. Patients in the after group received a significantly greater crystalloid volume in the first 6 h as well as a significant increase in the frequency of the use of vasopressors and frequency of endotracheal intubation as compared to the before group. We observed no significant differences in the rate of packed RBC transfusion or dobutamine administration. Additionally, the time to antibiotic administration decreased significantly in the after group (99 min vs 142 min, p = 0.02).
The primary outcome of in-hospital mortality was observed in 21 of 79 patients (27%) in the before group and 14 of 77 patients (18%) in the after group (difference, - 9%; 95% confidence interval, 5 to -21%; χ2 p = 0.21) [Table 3]. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate were not significant between the groups for the primary outcome (log-rank test, p = 0.13) [Fig 3]. The secondary outcomes are also shown in Table 3. Patients in the after group had an increase in mean ICU length of stay of 1.8 days and mean hospital length of stay of 1.2 days. The mean number of ventilator-days between the groups was identical.
In this study, we document the clinical effectiveness of implementing an EGDT algorithm for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in the ED. We found a 9% absolute and 33% relative mortality reduction, suggesting a number needed to treat (1/absolute mortality reduction) of approximately 11 persons. Furthermore, this mortality benefit was found among a group of patients with at least equal hemodynamic instability based on inspection of the systolic BP and sequential organ failure scores measured at enrollment. To our knowledge, this is the largest report evaluating the clinical effectiveness of EGDT that includes prospective identification and data collection on both before implementation (before) and after implementation (after) subjects since the sentinel report by Rivers et al.7
Previous full-length reports14-17 of implementing EGDT have found improved absolute mortality rates ranging from 9 to 28%. These studies differ from the present report in that they were retrospective17 used historical control subjects,14-15 investigated bundled therapies that included EGDT,14,17 had a primary outcome other than a hospital mortality end point,16 or were cohort studies without control (preimplementation) groups.18 The present report strengthens the conclusion of these previous reports by testing a protocol very similar to that in the original report by Rivers et al.7 We submit, however, that our slight modification—namely the use of only ED staff to execute the protocol—would afford wider generalization of the protocol.
The control group in our study had a hospital mortality rate lower (27%) than previous reports7,14-17 of EGDT, which range from 29 to 53%. Our before group patients had a lower severity of illness, evidenced by the slightly lower MEDS score, than the control groups of previous studies.14-15 We speculate that the observed higher control group mortality rates in prior reports14-15,17 were secondary to systematic biases inherent to retrospective studies. Additionally, enrollment in a randomized controlled trials may have produced higher control mortality rates due to vigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria or inherent selection during the consent process.7
Our data do not allow an inference as to whether one specific component of the protocol afforded treatment effect. Subjects in the intervention group received both a significantly larger volume of crystalloid infusion and a higher frequency of vasopressor administration. We observed no significant increase in frequency of packed RBC transfusions or dobutamine administration, consistent with previous reports.14-15,17 It might be argued that a Hawthorne effect causing heightened awareness by the clinical staff (physician and nurses) resulted in both earlier and more aggressive response to physiologic abnormalities. For example, time to initial antibiotic administration decreased in the after group (142 min vs 99 min). Additionally, use of corticosteroids increased in the postintervention group (40% vs 6%), which may have impacted the results.
This study was designed to test the clinical effectiveness of EGDT as opposed to the efficacy of EGDT. An efficacy trial determines if a treatment does more good than harm when delivered under optimum conditions and in a uniform fashion.19 The efficacy of EGDT was established by Rivers et al.7 An effectiveness trial determines if a treatment does more good than harm when delivered under realworld conditions.19 Before starting this study, we chose the definition of effectiveness to be a 33% relative mortality reduction at 1 year after implementation. We chose this definition because it is the same relative mortality reduction found by Rivers et al7 in the original EGDT trial. We used 1 year as a surrogate to a numeric sample size; thus, we do not demonstrate statistically significant differences in mortality between the before and after groups.
When comparing the results of this study to that of Rivers et al,7 several points deserve comment. First, compared to the EGDT group in the study by Rivers et al,7 our after group had higher initial CVP and Scvo2 but a lower systolic BP and initial lactate concentrations than did the Rivers EGDT group. Additionally, we found a nonsignificant increase in the mean hospital length of stay (LOS) of 1.2 days (p = 0.30) and significant increase in the mean ICU LOS of 1.8 days (p < 0.05) in the after group as compared to the before group. Rivers et al7 found a nonsignificant 0.2-day difference in hospital LOS between the control and EGDT groups and did not report mean ICU LOS. Similar to Rivers et al,7 we found no significant difference in the mean duration of mechanical ventilation between our groups (p = 0.90). These data appear to indicate that we studied a less severely ill group of subjects than did Rivers et al,7 yet the protocol was still effective as indicated by the same relative mortality reduction found in both studies. Although we found no significant difference in hospital LOS, we significantly increased ICU LOS. This increase in resources utilized in the ICU is a potentially important finding that should be examined in future investigations. Finally, although we did not study a bundled protocol that included therapies other than EGDT (such as steroids and activated protein C), our after group did receive these therapies more frequently (eg, steroids) than did the before group. This is important inasmuch as these therapies were likely not routinely administered when the original EGDT was studied was performed prior to 2001.7 Thus, when interpreting the results of our study, it is important to consider this potentially important change in routine management over time.
This report has several limitations that warrant discussion. The first limitation is a lack of a randomized design; however, this study was intended to document the clinical effectiveness of implementing the protocol into routine clinical practice rather than replicate the original study.7 Second, as previously discussed, the sample size of the study does not permit conclusions to be drawn about the statistical differences in the mortality rate between the groups. Third, it is possible that a systematic inclusion bias influenced the results of the study (eg, in the before arm, subjects may have been missed due to underrecognition of sepsis as the etiology of illness; in the after group, patients may have been admitted with sepsis and not treated with the resuscitation protocol). Fourth, as previously mentioned, early antibiotics or increased use of steroids may have influenced the mortality difference between the groups. Also, it is possible that therapies administered after the EGDT period (eg, during the first 72 h of ICU care) contributed to the improved outcome. Finally we did not quantify, explore, or exclude protocol deviations because this study was designed to observe the effectiveness of the protocol in a clinical, nonresearch setting. Our intention was not to quantify the number or instances where all the goals of EGDT were achieved but rather to quantify the effect of 6 h of therapy had on patient outcome.
In this investigation we demonstrate the clinical effectiveness, quantified by a 9% absolute and 33% relative mortality reduction, of implementing EGDT in ED patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Our data suggest a number needed to treat of approximately 11 persons.
We wish to thank all of the emergency medicine and critical care physicians and nurses, whose tireless efforts and dedication to the care of sepsis patients at our institution is impeccable. Additionally, we would like to thank the following members of our institutional sepsis task force for their efforts in operationalizing this protocol: Nancy Gritter, MD; Daniel Howard, MD; Toan Huynh, MD; Mike Johnson, MD; Eddie Leonhardt, RN; Lewis McCurdy, MD; Stephen Moore, MD; Richard Rissmiller, Jr, MD; Thomas Stern, MD; Joan Settlemyer, Pharm D; Sarah Turner, NP; Will Miles, MD. We would also like to thank Susan Freeman, John Marx, MD, Barbara DeSilva, and Kathleen Benfield and for administrative support of this initiative.
The author's institution received a $3,000 educational grant from Edwards Lifesciences for continuing nursing and physician education. Dr Jones is supported by grant K23GM076652- 01A1 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences/National Institutes of Health.
*From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Drs. Jones and Kline), Clinical Care Management (Ms. Focht), and Department of Internal Medicine (Dr. Horton), Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Diamondhead Inn & Suites
Select your stay dates to check availability at Diamondhead Inn & Suites
Diamondhead Inn & Suites
About the Hotel
Property Location
When you stay at Diamondhead Inn & Suites in Diamondhead, you'll be next to a golf course and convenient to Diamondhead Country Club. This hotel is within the vicinity of Lazy Magnolia Brewing Company and 100 Men D.B.A. Hall.
Make yourself at home in one of the 124 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have shower/tub combinations and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include phones, as well as desks and coffee/tea makers.
Dip into one of the 2 indoor swimming pools or enjoy other recreational amenities, which include a nightclub. Additional amenities at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access, a television in a common area, and a picnic area.
Satisfy your appetite at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-out, a 24-hour front desk, and luggage storage. Planning an event in Diamondhead? This hotel has 4000 square feet (372 square meters) of space consisting of a conference center and meeting rooms. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Number of indoor pools - 2
- Laundry facilities
- Number of floors - 2
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Billiards or pool table
- Total number of rooms - 124
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Conference space
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- ATM/banking
- Bar/lounge
- Free self parking
- Number of restaurants - 2
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Free long-term parking
- Meeting rooms 2
- Garden
- Spa tub
- Pool sun loungers
- Conference center
- Children's pool
- Accessible bathroom
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- 24-hour front desk
- Picnic area
- Grocery/convenience store
- Luggage storage
- Conference space size (meters) - 372
- Television in common areas
- Express check-out
- Nightclub
- Free WiFi
- Conference space size (feet) - 4000
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
Room Facilities
- Desk
- Private bathroom
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium TV channels
- Shower/tub combination
- Free WiFi
- Satellite TV service
- Phone
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Coffee/tea maker
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- Up to 3 children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
- The property allows pets in specific rooms only and has other pet restrictions (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section). Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Pet fee: USD 5.00 per pet, per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Did someone add the "ps" thing after this was created?
I hide my bottles of vodka under my daughters bed
P.S. your daughter always knew
Did someone add the "ps" thing after this was created?
i think its maybe a cycle thing, her mother used to hide bottles under her bed and now she does it as well under her daughters bed and she knew it when she was a child also.
Ahh… That almost didn't make sense…
Well. I hope you find a new hiding spot soon, before she finds out like you did. 🙂
I also hope that hiding spot is the garbage.
An alcoholic parent isn't really a great way to grow up…
I think you knew that though, hm?
i totally thought it meant this person was placing vodka there for that other persons daughter to find.. the other one makes sense though.
My alcholic father would always beat me and I hated him so much. there are times when I thought of ways to poison his drink to kill him. But he stopped beating me after his Liver transplant.
I don't quite get it… Is the person who is hiding the bottles the stepmom or step father of who ever the daughter is? Is that why "your" daughter always knew??
I felt a wave of revulsion when i read this.
My dad was an alcoholic and the complexity, severity and depth of the impact that had on me is impossible to explain. He's scum, but it hurts to say that because every time i speak to him i'm almost overwhelmed by how much i want to just forget and laugh with him. I can't forgive him. He doesn't deserve a daughter. He did things like this.
I took this as the daughter confessing for her mother. But I guess there are many ways of interpreting it.
There has been a global launch of NTREEV SOFT's combat strategy game Second Earth.
Here's a selection of our favourite Android games
so far in 2010. Developed by John Kooistra, this sci-fi RTS title
allows you to take command of a fleet and utilize the
phone's touch interface to wage an intergalactic war against your opponent.


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"You have heard it said, the only thing that can stop a bad guy with a gun, is a good guy with a gun. But verily, I say unto you, that this woman is a total badass...and her only weapons were prayer, courage, and compassion. Verily I say unto you; the world is violent, but there is always another way."Alright, so I don't say 'verily' much. But Antoinette Tuff deserves a 'verily.' She verily saved the lives of countless children yesterday. When a gunman entered the school where she works, she … [Read more...]
$*^! Jesus Says: The Lay Down Your Weapons Edition
August 22, 2013 by 6 Comments


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The mood in the market continued to be dominated by fears over corporate governance standards and uncertainties over second quarter earnings reports for the US due over the next few weeks, and another round of small cap profit warnings did nothing to help sentiment.
Bogod Group was one of the biggest fallers, shedding 27% in value with a drop of 20p to 52 1/2p after the firm revealed that the trend of declining demand for its industrial sewing products has continued as the British clothing industry continues to contract.
Reporting full year results, Bogod said the domestic sewing machine market has become more erratic in recent months, while the recent weakness of sterling against the euro and Swiss franc is having a negative impact on margins.
The group posted a rise in full year pre-tax profits to £216,000, up from £278,000 last year, with sales up 12%.
Catering equipment group Lincat saw its shares lose 40p to 279p after warning that it expects its trading profits for the year ended 30 June will be below market expectations, although not less than £4m.
Human resources firm Glotel slipped 2 1/2p to 50p after reporting a drop to a full year pre-tax loss after exceptionals of £4.45m against a profit of £757,000 last year. The company highlighted 'the most difficult market conditions' in its history.
DDD Group shares shed 2p to 7p, having reversed early gains as news that the 3D film developer has confirmed the award of a US patent covering its core 'Dynamic Depth Cueing' technology failed to excite.
Shares in Claims Direct were suspended at 3 1/4p, up 1/4p, on news it has petitioned the High Court to grant an Administration Order, and it expects to decide within a few days on a restructuring or disposal of the company as a going concern. An Administration Order will allow Claims Direct to continue to trade whilst the administrator assesses the company's position.
Yesterday's biggest faller, debt-laden telecom firm Energis, recouped some of its decline, adding 0.24p to 0.85p in a technical correction after a mis-executed sell order during Tuesday's closing auction. Commentators yesterday had attributed the drop to worries that a possible rescue bid for the firm could be scuppered by its bankers.
Fellow telecoms minnow Thus firmed 3/4p to 12p after it issued a reassuring AGM trading update. Thus said it did not expect current tough trading conditions to change for the rest of the year, although it said it is on track to achieve full year-on-year sales growth of 20-25% and EBITDA of between 7-9% of total sales.
Other digital economy minnows rallied after recent sharp falls, with Baltimore adding a penny at 6p, and Marconi firming 0.51p to 3.61p.
Among the day's news, GB Railways shares steamed 16p higher to 71 1/2p, extending an unexplained rise yesterday, after Management Consortium Bid (MCB) said it is considering ways in which a combination of its railfreight business with that of GB Railways might be achieved.
MCB said this could involve a standalone acquisition of GB Railways' railfreight business or MCB combining with another party in a proposal which might lead to an offer for GB Railways.
MCB added that preliminary discussions were held recently with GB Railways in relation to the railfreight business but these discussions were terminated, and exploratory discussions have also been held between MCB and a small number of potential partners.
Elsewhere, Kingspan Group saw its shares advance 7 1/2p to 133p after saying its results for the first half to June 30 are expected to be in line with expectations.
In a trading update ahead of the first half results, Kingspan said it is not aware of any reason for the recent volatility in its share price and that it would expect to buy back shares should the share price weakness continue.
Avocet Mining took on 3 1/4p at 16 1/4p following news that results from a Malaysian goldmine were better than expected, while Cyprotex added a penny to 18 1/2p after announcing a deal with Swiss drugs giant Roche to support new product research.
Specialist mortgage provider Kensington Group was lifted by news of solid interim results, with pre-tax profit up 28% to £13.3m. Its shares gained 7 1/2p to 200p.
Kleeneze also moved higher after saying it is optimistic of steady growth in the year ahead, after reporting a fall in full year pre-tax profits to £6.3m from £10.8m last year. Kleeneze shares added 15p to 125.
- More about:
- Baltimore
- Malaysia
- Mortgages
- Needlework
- Sewing
- Supreme Court


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Starting in January, images from the iStockphoto Agency and Vetta collections will be ported over to Getty Images to be licensed there, as well as some other Getty "family" sites. These will be offered at a higher price than on iStockphoto, but the licenses over there tend to be a little more flexible. However, Getty does offer indemnification protecting the buyer on their content included in that higher price.xanax online no prescription
To 'compete' or 'raise the bar', iStockphoto has just announced all Agency and Vetta collection images will include the iStockphoto Extended Legal Guarantee, which protects the buyer up to $250,000 . I think this is a great move to help bring value to the collections.tramadol online without prescription
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Last week, a group of brides-to-be (and a groom, too!) gathered in Baltimore for the first WeddingWire Social! The group gabbed about all things wedding planning, from decor to dresses, so we asked organizer Rachel (pictured to the left) to dish on some of the hot topics of the evening:
Biggest Wedding-Planning Headaches:"We all agreed that finding a videographer and figuring out our families' roles in planning our weddings have been the hardest parts. Also, dealing with unwanted guests!"
Most Excited About: "We all love our venues. It was fun to hear about everyone's venues – they're all so different, from golf courses to catering halls and hotels. We were all trading ideas about how to set up the different venues, and add decor."
Best Dresses: "We all were really excited to show each other photos of our dresses!"
Top Color Schemes: "Purple and orange was the most popular color scheme in our group. Purple is definitely the hot color this year!"
Interested in attending a WeddingWire Social near you? We'll have more information in our forums soon!


text: Impulse nightclub owner turns in liquor license By Rusty Marks February 19, 2013 Story Share CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- The owner of Charleston's troubled Impulse nightclub has voluntarily turned in her business's liquor license.Gary Robinson, spokesman for the West Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Administration, said Impulse owner Janet Amores turned in her liquor license for the club on Feb. 15. The action came two days before an ABCA-ordered 20-day suspension was to have been lifted."I've always admired and respected the mayor [Danny Jones]," Amores said Tuesday. "I love West Virginia and always want the best for this state, especially this beautiful city."Impulse, located on Capitol Street in downtown Charleston, has been under investigation by ABCA officials since an 18-year-old University of Charleston student and football player was stabbed in the doorway of the nightclub on Jan. 27.Police originally arrested one man for that stabbing, than let him go. A second man, Aris Hairston, 26, turned himself in to police on Friday and was charged with malicious wounding. The nightclub had a history of violence inside and near it.Charleston city officials announced their intentions to shut Impulse down following the latest stabbing. Jones said the club's owners had misled the city when they applied for their conditional-use building permit, saying they wanted to open an upscale club for young professionals. "What they wanted to do and what they have now are two complete, diametrically opposite things," the mayor said after the stabbing.On Tuesday, Jones said he was pleased that bar owners voluntarily turned over the liquor license for the club."I think it was a good move on their part," he said. "It's good news for the city, and it's certainly good for Capitol Street."You never knew what news was going to hit when they were open," Jones continued. "Now we're not going to have to worry about it anymore."Reach Rusty Marks at email@example.com or 304-348-1215. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Dozens go topless, braless in Charleston to normalize female bodies 2 Mitch Vingle: WVU's Gary Jennings says receivers can have a ball 3 Charleston couple's engagement published in Kingsbury novel 4 Talented freshman class boosts Poca's football chances 5 Deputies arrest owner of Kanawha-based New Beginnings rehab Bulletin board: Feb. 20, 2013 Previous Story Boil-water advisories lifted Next Story


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In the 1980s, she entered practice as a commercial lawyer. While serving articles with Dibb Lupton she began to specialise in outsourcing and information law, fields in which she achieved fame when she became a partner in Masons (now Pinsent Masons) and moved to London, where contracts worth millions became contracts measured in billions. The author of several books on data protection, she was in demand as a speaker.
Her clients ranged from international companies to individual complainants taken on a pro bono basis. To all she brought zest and an irreverent sense of humour. In practice, her great gift was to go straight to the point, often with colourfully free language. "What exactly does she mean?" muttered an American lawyer who had been told "Bollocks!" across the negotiating table. Plainness in writing was almost an obsession, her contracts were models of clarity.
Cooking was her favourite hobby, but theatre and opera were close to her heart, and she kept up her reading. She toured much of Europe, and in recent years was rarely happier than when we drove out of the Channel tunnel without hotel bookings, content to go where the road led. Cheerfulness and a talent for friendship aided her throughout her life. She worked until three weeks before her death, maintaining a stoical calm, lit by flashes of that delightful humour.
Her son William survives her.
· Has someone you know died since March who should feature in Other lives? Please send contributions of up to 500 words with contact details to: Other lives, Obituaries, The Guardian, 119 Farringdon Road, London EC1R 3ER, email email@example.com


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Frozen Dead Guy Days 2014
Yep, it's time to get out the cold weather gear and get ready for the annual FDGD2014! Oh, and don't forget your Coffins, Ice Queens, Beer Goggles, Dancing Shoes and all around supplies for attending the best Winter Event this side of the divide. Check out our schedule and full details at http://frozendeadguydays.org/


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It appears your browser may be outdated. For the best website experience, we recommend updating your browser. learn more
Watson birdies No. 4 in Day 2 of Tavistock Cup
In day 2 of the 2013 Tavistock Cup, Bubba Watson sinks a long putt for birdie on the par-4 4th hole.
© 1995-2017 PGA TOUR, Inc | All Rights Reserved.
PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, Web.com Tour, and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks.
Web.com is also a registered trademark used here with permission, and used in the Web.com Tour logo with permission.


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i saw these on tv recently and decided i wanted them for whatever daily i got. unfortunately they do not offer our application. i went through the site and requested they make it, but i'm sure it would help if they got more requests.
if you click the order link and go through a couple steps it will send a request. only takes a couple minutes.


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Accommodations in AmesSee All
This is a comprehensive travel guide for Ames in United States. From budgeting tips to finding the best spots, this travel guide has got all the insider information to explore Ames like a local. A holiday in Ames can generally be of 1-2 days.
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text: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7707686.post109988290490578240..comments2017-06-03T12:50:50.895+08:00Comments on Babe in the City - KL: Stir Fried Mee HoonBabe KLhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7707686.post-42680098678772261132007-05-21T11:32:00.000+08:002007-05-21T11:32:00.000+08:00i'm glad this recipe kept your home sickness at ba...i'm glad this recipe kept your home sickness at bay kenny.babe_klhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7707686.post-7717640450222625512007-05-20T09:00:00.000+08:002007-05-20T09:00:00.000+08:00Hi! Just thought you should know I tried your reci...Hi! Just thought you should know I tried your recipe out last week and it was a success! :) Nice, simple and quick.. and I doubled up on prawns to make deep-fried prawns too. <BR/>It was really2 good.. also bc my family and I live in Melbourne and we always miss KL home-cooked so much. Thanks for the recipe!!Kennyhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


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We partnered with an awesome company calledåÊLitographsåÊto create posters that have an entire WBW post written on them (this one's fromåÊ Life is a Picture, But You Live in a Pixel). You can read the full post from up close, and from far away, the text forms one of the drawings from the post.
LitographsåÊposters are printed on archival, vinyl-infused paper that is tear-resistant, water-resistant, and long-lasting. The dimensions include a 0.75 inch white border on all sides. Each poster features its blog entry in full, repeated as many times as necessary to fill the poster.


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The Thanatos Syndrome: Exciting, Horrifying, Disappointing
by Ralph C. Wood
Ralph C. Wood's most recent book is The Comedy of Redemption: Christian Faith and Comic Vision in Four American Novelists (Notre Dame). This article appeared in the Christian Century, October 7, 1987, p. 857. Copyright by the Christian Century Foundation and used by permission. Current articles and subscription information can be found atwww.christiancentury.org. This material was prepared for Religion Online by Ted & Winnie Brock.
Book Review: The Thanatos Syndrome by Walker Percy (Farrar Straus Giroux, 372 pp., $17.95)
Walker Percy's sixth novel, The Thanatos Syndrome (Farrar Straus Giroux, 372 PP., $17.95) , is at once his most thrilling and most disappointing book. The last three sections of the novel are so excitingly plotted that the reader is kept in nail-biting suspense. Percy's mastery of the cliff-hanging plot may garner him a larger popular audience. But it also costs him much in both theological humor and moral insight.
That Percy can write a thriller is something of a surprise. In his earlier works, especially his internationally famous first novel, The Moviegoer (1961), the outward events do not matter really so much as the narrator's witty meditations on his own inward life and the life of the world. Even in such an apocalyptic novel as Love in the Ruins (1971) , what fails to happen -- a Louisiana version of Armageddon -- is far more important than Dr. Thomas More's desperate attempts to stave off Mephistophelian evil. More's reluctant confession of his own sorry state served, in fact, to mark Percy's early satire as Christian rather than pagan.
The Thanatos Syndrome purports to be a sequel to Love in the Ruins. Like its predecessor, the new novel has a futuristic setting -- no longer the Orwellian year of 1984 but a much later and worse time near the end of our century. The narrator is again the sardonic, disheveled, bourbon-drinking psychiatrist who cannot escape his Catholic past as a lineal descendant of the Christian humanist saint Sir Thomas More. But whereas the More of the first novel had begun to recover his mental and moral health after conquering suicidal tendencies, the More we encounter in the new novel has spent two years in prison for selling amphetamines to truck drivers. Ellen Oglethorpe, the ethically sensible wife who had helped restore More's sanity, has become a champion bridge player and tongue-speaking charismatic.
Though neither of these drastic personality changes is made credible, the furious state of More's mind is vividly and convincingly drawn. Like the bilious narrator of Lancelot (1977) , More is persuaded that an awful spiritual malaise has befallen the modern West. Ours is the age of mass death, he argues, and our chief malady is thus the thanatos syndrome. Yet if Percy has a spokesman it is surely Father Simon Rinaldo Smith, the priest who dwells alone atop a fire tower and thinks himself a latter-day St. Simeon Stylites.
Tenderness is the first disguise of the murderer. . . . Never in the history of the world have there been so many civilized tenderhearted souls as have lived in this century. . . . More people have been killed in this century by tenderhearted souls than by cruel barbarians in all other centuries put together. . . . Do you know where tenderness always leads. . . . To the gas chambers
As these statements make clear, The Thanatos Syndrome is an angry and admonitory novel. For the first time in his fiction, Percy likens late 20th-century American life to the Weimar Republic. He finds harrowing parallels between our own behaviorists and the German scientists who practiced eugenics while quoting Rilke and Goethe and Schiller. Our culture shares with theirs, Percy suggests. a mere utilitarian regard for human life.
The logical conclusion of that view is that those who are "useless" to themselves or the world -- unwanted infants, nursing home residents and victims of severe mongolism, epilepsy, encephalitis, arteriosclerosis, progressive neurological disease and hopeless schizophrenia -- ought to be "compassionately" eliminated. In the absence of a "life with dignity," reasons one of Percy's humanist technicians, those who make no 'contribution" to society should all be accorded their right to a "death with dignity."
The sickness-unto-death that first manifested itself at Verdun and the Somme did not end with Dachau and Hiroshima; it has penetrated to the very core of American culture. Percy gives our spiritual disease terrifying expression by having a team of well-meaning humanists enact their own deceptively decent form of demonry. Secretly injecting heavy sodium into the local water supply of a south Louisiana parish, these psychiatrists are able to alter social behavior drastically. Such chemically induced brain control brings a virtual end to the evils of child abuse, wife battering, teen-age pregnancy, drug addiction, anxiety and depression, and even AIDS.
More's opposition to these moral and medical "improvements" earns him the contempt of his fellow physicians. They accuse him of obstructing social betterment, just as other regressive types once opposed fluoridation for the control of tooth decay. Though he is a sorry Christian, More knows that it is nothing less than satanic to seek the elimination of spiritual suffering. To devise a medical cure for the human plight, More believes, is to destroy our very humanity.
The awesome freedom made possible by human self-consciousness -- by our condition as homo sapiens -- is indeed the source of the world's wars and insanities and perversions. Yet only at the risk of such fearful misery, More discovers, can we have the self-awareness that confesses both sin and faith, that enables us to live in real relation to God and our fellows. Hence his healthy agreement with Freud that the modest aim of psychotherapy is to transform screaming rage into ordinary unhappiness.
The novel is not entirely a grim cautionary tale of spiritual death wrought in older to "improve the quality of life." Percy's riveting plot centers on More's wild, and wildly funny, attempt to halt this diabolical animalizing of our species. By giving his enemies an overdose of their own medicine, More transforms them into baboonlike creatures who pooch out their lips, utter subhuman hoo hoo hoo sounds, and mount each other from the rear. Perhaps Percy's wickedest irony is to have the most brutish of these secular saviors learn -- from an ape that knows sign language -- how to communicate all over again.
Yet the novel's lasting impression is not humorous but horrifying, especially in its recounting of the sexual perversions that attend the somber existence of sharing and caring. The same humanists who speak so abstractly about compassion have contempt for ordinary heterosexual love. Erotic depravity finds its psychological counterpart in an equally inhuman flattening of speech and vacancy of character. Percy introduces us to all manner of brainy people who have total recall for facts and numbers, but who have never asked what events and places are worth remembering. Other writers have named this new breed: C. S. Lewis referred to its members as trousered apes; Friedrich Nietzsche called it the herd and the hive.
Percy has been making a similar argument since beginning his writing career in the mid-'50s. His reiterated thesis is that the Holocaust and the Gulag, far from being genocidal betrayals of the Enlightenment tradition, are its very product. A humanism unleashed from its Judeo-Christian moorings -- a scientific and behaviorist humanism -- leads to beastliness. Not to believe in the God of Israel and Christ is, for Percy, no longer to believe in humanity either.
Yet Percy's implied case for Christian humanism as the answer to our deadly ills remains itself disappointingly abstract. It seems to be a regulative ideal more than a historical reality, a private preference more than a corporate vision. Father Smith lives in eagle-eyrie isolation and in near-contempt for the body of Christ.
More's moral fury is much more convincing than his religious faith. And they both seem to thrive on their anger, to relish their spleen, to be more than a little in love with their hate.
One fears that Smith and More, perhaps like their author, are drawn to Christianity mainly as a transcendent means for making their own cultural critique. They want to wield its truth like an ax in order to slay the behaviorist lie. Largely absent from The Thanatos Syndrome is the redemptive humor of Percy's early work, in which he discerns that his own satirists need satirizing, that the gospel is not a divine stone flung angrily at the world, and that faith is God's comic gift rather than our own stern decision. Here, instead, Father Smith declares that "in the end one must choose -- given the chance." "Choose what?" asks More. "Life or death. What else?" This is the stuff of a very romantic existentialism. And it threatens to. issue in its political contrary -- a repressive reactionism.
About one thing, however, Percy re
mains indubitably right. This is indeed the age of mass death, and its chief scandal is the continued existence of the people called Israel. "Since the Jews were the original chosen people of God," observes Father Smith, "they are a sign of God's presence" which cannot be subsumed under any so-called larger truth. Yet Percy fears that, unlike the Jews, Christians have evacuated their central categories of all meaning. Smith complains repeatedly that salvation and sin, heaven and hell, are words that no longer signify. They have been worn slick by a trite overfamiliarity, and perhaps by a satanic maleficence.
What Percy fails to understand is that the language of faith may have ceased to register because Christians have abandoned their narrative and confessional particularity. Embarrassed at its cultural "irrelevance," the church has sought to generalize its specific story into vague consensus values, to translate its concrete doctrines into something as airy as Percy's reverential regard for human life. This is to get matters exactly backward. To rely on a nebulous Christian-humanist synthesis as a guarantee that the Holocaust and Gulag will never happen again is perhaps to create the conditions under which they are likely to recur. A religious minority such as the Jews is the very first group to be persecuted in the name of our common humanity and a universal ethic.
It is not, I believe, a restored religious humanism that will make Christian faith a vital answer to the thanatos syndrome. Percy ought to take more seriously his own instinctively high esteem for the Jews. Perhaps he should consider writing a novel in which, instead of having apes teach humans how to communicate, Jews teach Christians how not to be ashamed of their scandalous specificity as God's redemptive people.


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How many forum members do we have from Missouri. I live at Springfield, how about the rest of you guys and gals.
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How many forum members do we have from Missouri. I live at Springfield, how about the rest of you guys and gals.
yep, 1 mule in Missouri :mrgreen:
Sorta like a one hoss town huh??:mrgreen:
Me too. St Louis suburbs.
Washington MO
I am in st charles mo.
I live in st. louis county
Piedmont. 120 miles south of St.Louis.
My SEMO username is my location
I dont know about Missouri mule but my oldlady calls me an ass alot...:oops:
St. Charles her...
I'm here in Springfield too,, where do you usually shoot?
I'm new to the Forum and living in House Springs Mo.
Kansas City here! I go through Springfield twice a year on the way to Chadwick
KC Here!:smt039
New to this forum, new to Republic Missouri.
El Dorado Springs
I'm in Springfield also.
I do some shooting at Bass Pro & I also went to Andy Daltons outdoor range out past Willard. Nice place but at $3.00 an hour & a break every 15 minutes to change your targets you really don't get to do much shooting unless you want to keep firing at the same target.
I might be going to Bass Pro on Monday 6/16/08 or to Andy Daltons if I can get the wife to go with me(she wants to shoot outdoors).


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1) First I have the stock intake system off my 05 WRX. The system came off my car with about 22,xxx miles on it (car currently has 32,xxx), its in absolutely perfect condition, I also have all the bolts and stuff to go along with it. I would really like 80 bucks (shipped)/obo.
2) Secondly I have a Stock up-pipe (not gutted) that has only seen about 30,xxx miles, in greattt condition. Asking 70 dollars (shipped)/obo.
3) And finally I have the full stock exhaust. This came off at the same time as the up-pipe so it too has seen only about 30,xxx. These pieces are also in fantastic condition. I would rather sell them together, however if interest is high enough I may separate them. For these I'm not exactly sure what I would like to ask because the shipping costs are up in the air, so shoot me an offer, I can look into shipping costs and we can see if we can do some business.
I realize that because I live in little ole Vermont. that shipping is most likely the only option for me, however I am willing to drive to some parts of eastern NY, Western NH, and Northern MA, so if that's where you reside, I can meet up with you to cut down on shipping (especially the exhaust) Thanks for looking guys, any other eneral question, feel free to ask!
Pics are available, just sent me your email and what you are interested in and I hopefully will have the pics sent to you within a day. Thanks again guys, have a good one!


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Tag Archives: gas
Week 28: Do you catch my drift?
In case you haven't had enough of my over-sharing, I thought I would really let you in on my biggest struggle of each day. It trumps the battle of the bladder, the terrible night sleeps and chub rub I have … Continue reading
Posted in Blogs, Knocked Up Tagged blog, gas, Knocked Up, Lauren DeBusschere, pregnancy, third trimester Leave a comment
Week 26: Excuse me
There's nothing like pregnancy to give you ample opportunity to use the phrase, "Excuse me." I've found myself using it a lot recently, and for quite a few reasons. Brace yourselves, dear readers. Here comes another Michelle Phillips Pregnancy List! … Continue reading
Posted in Blogs, Knocked Up Tagged bladder, blog, bodily functions, changes during pregnancy, excuse me, gas, growing bump, Knocked Up, Michelle Phillips, pregnancy, pregnancy side effects Leave a comment
Ew, gross
To put it simply, pregnancy is packed with opportunities for embarrassment. Here's how to deal when the blush-inducing moments strike. Scenario 1: You're in a staff meeting when the urge to purge strikes … and you only make it as far … Continue reading
Posted in Homepage Slider, imported, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care Tagged bladder control, gas, hormones, morning sickness, pregnancy, Sarah Granger Leave a comment


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We are a professional drywall company in Winston Salem, NC prepared to take on any drywall repairs or installations! We strive to provide prompt and quality services to ensure the satisfaction of each and every customer. No job is ever to big or small for Rodgers Drywall in Pipe Point, NC! From a simple repair to a complete drywall installation, we do it all!
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If you're like a lot of homeowners you enjoy doing projects around the house but if your home is very large or higher than one story, drywall installation can be a bit daunting especially where heights are involved. Finding a professional installer to handle the job might be the better and safer option when dealing with ladders and high places. If you hire Rodgers Drywall you can be certain he'll have all the proper equipment to complete the job quickly and safely.


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According to a report in this morning's Times, the BBC is planning to cut a quarter of its acquisitions budget and funnel the money into BBC2. So which imported shows are worth keeping – and which shows should get the the chop? Here's our rundown – do you agree?
Family Guy/American Dad
Repeats are shown nightly as BBC3 comedy filler, and both are essentially the same programme. Would do perfectly well on E4 – especially now that it has a Friends-shaped hole in its schedules, and already has the Cleveland Show on its roster.
Verdict – chop
Mad Men
Possibly the greatest TV show currently in production. Mad Men may not command huge audiences but its fans devour every perfectly realised detail of the 1960s Madison Avenue advertising drama and, as such, it's the jewel in the crown of the wonderful BBC4. Would a commercial broadcaster even pick it up at all? Ought to be kept as a service to the public.
Verdict: KEEP!
The legal drama is adored by its fans and its complex narrative might make it a harder sell for commercial rivals. The kind of quality drama that the BBC ought to be associating itself with.
Verdict – keep
Back on track after a wobbly couple of series, but Heroes' high-octane, high-concept formula would make it perfect for Sky1's stable of US shows, which includes 24 and Lost. Or for Sci-Fi who helped make it a hit by showing the first series, Currently stuck in a Saturday night slot on BBC2, it wouldn't be massively missed.
Verdict - chop
Nurse Jackie
Its first 12 episodes have shown British TV how to pack an awful lot into 25 minutes while maintaining a slow-burning story-arc. Deserves at least one more season to see if it can keep the momentum going. Otherwise, a good fit for Channel 4 or More4.
Verdict - keep
Wallander (Swedish version)
There are only a finite number of Henning Mankell adaptations that the Beeb can afford to make (currently running in annual batches of three), so the chance to see Krister Henriksson in the original Swedish films provides a fine complement to BBC4's Kenneth Branagh version.
Verdict - keep
Along with the Swedish Wallander, Spiral – the thrilling French crime drama – is one of very very few non-US imports on British telly. That alone ought to be worth keeping hold of it for. Not to mention that it's very good.
Verdict – keep
The Apprentice USA
We've got our own version, which is better. Send it to Watch with Masterchef Australia.
Verdict – chop
The Tudors
There's only one season left of Showtime's sexed-up Tudor drama which is coming later in the year – so it would be odd for the BBC to lose it now, especially as audiences have been waiting this long for Henry VIII's Catherine Howard/Parr years.
Verdict – keep


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United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa
During the Earth Summit which was held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCED) it was decided to mobilise the international community to sign a treaty to tackle desertification. After having debated this subject for many years the
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification was drawn up during the first World Conference which took place in Rome at the FAO in September/October 1997.
Shibam (Yemen)
The Convention is an innovative document at an international level because it gives priority to the interests of the communities that are directly affected by this phenomenon and it replaces the traditional idea of assistance to that of co-ordination and participation.
Moreover, the Convention, that specifically addresses those countries severely affected by drought and desertification particularly in Africa, deals with all the issues concerning land degradation and natural resource destruction. In particular, a specific annex addresses the Mediterranean Countries (Annex IV of the Convention).
Desertification in the World and in Italy
Desertification in its more intensive forms affects more than 100 countries threatening the survival of more than 1 billion people.
The situation is particularly dramatic in the arid areas where about 70% of the areas, namely ¼ of the whole earth's surface, are threatened. But the problem is also widely present in temperate areas. According to research carried out by the European Union in Italy, 27% of the Italian territory is exposed to a high risk of erosion. In fact the regions of Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia show a serious desertification process. In Italy, which is characterised by a highly populated territory, the development of the desertification process is directly linked to the crisis of historic sites where a pattern of massive cement works, energy consumption and environment pollution replaces a traditional asset of the landscape made up of houses and where there is low consumption of resources.
The urbanisation of new areas corresponds to the abandonment and the exodus from ancient centres with the resulting loss of land which could be correctly managed. Therefore, physical and social desertification occurs. The architectural degradation, the erosion of mountains, hills and slopes corresponds to the weakening of human resources. Emigration, the loss of identity and values are all sociocultural aspects of desertification.
Italian Research Centre on Traditional and Local Knowledge
The Italian Government has undertaken a series of actions in order to fulfil the UNCCD mandate. In fact, the Italian Government has established two national organisations situated in strategic areas where the activities can be carried out. These organisations are situated in Porto Torres – Sardinia – and Matera – Basilicata.The Ministry of the Environment and the Region of Basilicata have established the Italian Research Centre on Traditional and Local Knowledge to Combat Desertification in the town of Matera.
Matera has been chosen since it is a typical historic centre where nature's resources, such as water, stone and sun are appropriately managed. The "Sassi" of Matera is a global ecosystem that best represents the typical situations of Basilicata and Apulia. The rehabilitation and the degradation of the Sassi, that occurred after their abandonment which took place in 1950s and 1960s, are experiences of integrated restoration and of the struggle to combat desertification. Besides being an example for the whole world, these experiences have to be implemented in those areas where the same situations are found such as the canyon and the habitats of the "Gravine" (Canyons).
From 29th to 31stOctober 1998, an International Forum on European Policies to Combat Desertification in the Mediterranean Basin – Policies and Measures to Combat Desertification in the Mediterranean Basin, Local and Traditional Knowledge for the Management and Preservation of Nature's Resources was held in Matera in order to make scientific remarks and co-ordinate the operational actions among the Mediterranean countries (UNCCD Annex IV). It was organised by the Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the Region of Basilicata and ENEA within the framework of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
International and national bodies such as: UNCCD – EU – FAO – the Ministry of Foreign Affairs – ENEA, the University of Basilicata, the mayors and the administrators of 15 local municipalities, 50 NGOs, volunteer and cultural associations participated in the Forum.
The most important scientific scholars as well as political and official representatives of the Mediterranean Basin took part in this Forum during which a discussion of policies and measures to combat desertification was carried out as well as an analysis of the traditional and local knowledge.
Traditional and Local Knowledge Safeguard
Traditional and local knowledge represents a know-how heritage disseminated in the whole Mediterranean Basin.
This knowledge has contributed to soil maintenance and resource saving for millenia.
Traditional structures and practices which were once used in agriculture and urban centres are increasingly being abandoned.
The abandonment of traditional agriculture and the urbanisation of new areas coincide with the exodus from ancient centres causing the loss of settlements which are able to correctly manage the landscape, thus bringing about a physical and social desertification process. Architectural degradation coincides with slope erosion and the salinization of coastal land coincides with a decrease in human resources. Emigration, loss of knowledge and identity are all sociocultural aspects of desertification.
That the local knowledge and the territorial asset were put forward again in new form and solutions for protecting and preserving the quality of soil, water, and typical Mediterranean landscape biodiversity in order to:
Let the traditional rural systems aimed at soil preservation and resource saving (terraced cultivation, dry-stone walls, hydraulic collection systems), play a new global role making these activities sustainable. This role is possible thanks to the integration of other economies such as cultural tourism, archaeology and environment exploitation with the consequential proposal of agricultural practices redevelopment of tilled species, of fin
ancing measures, of desertification factors (stone-racking, monoculture, use of plant protection products ) and the renaturalization of areas that have been affected by industrial agriculture;
Implement new integrated production cycles; consumption and recycling in urban areas with the enhancement of old centres and the reutilization of traditional building materials and techniques for new constructions; the proposal of new quarters based on the saving and appropriate use of resources; the renaturalization and environmental transformation of areas undergoing urban or industrial desertification;
To carry out new programmes of country planning that could take into account the aesthetic, cultural and economic values of the landscape as a specific quality of the Mediterranean area, in general, and particularly of the Italian area.
Petra (Jordan)
Setting up an Annex IV country Permanent Committee for all the Mediterranean Basin.
The establishment of networks extending to all the Mediterranean Basin as far as traditional knowledge is concerned.
The establishment of a first network co-ordinated by the Research Centre of Matera dealing with: traditional use of cave dwellings and water preservation; the establishment of an Internet dissemination group.
The establishment of other networks co-ordinated by other Annex IV countries. Greece has already put forward its availability to co-ordinate the network on forests and their protection against fires.
During an informal meeting the Countries of the Arab Maghreb Union considering that desertification in Africa causes indirect social consequences also in Europe and waiting for the implementation of strategic programmes.
To carry out pilot micro-projects aimed at stopping the present-day processes also in very small areas.
The projects are characterised by integrated actions regarding rural and urban areas as well as traditional habitats.


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US Bank, Bank of America win dismissal of mortgage claims
By Jonathan Stempel
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. Bancorp (USB.N: Quote) and Bank of America Corp (BAC.N: Quote) won a dismissal of claims in lawsuits accusing them of breaching their duties as trustees for residential mortgage-backed securities that suffered losses tied to the global financial crisis.
The dismissals came in three decisions late Monday by U.S. District Judge Katherine Forrest in Manhattan.
In the first, Forrest rejected an attempt by funds from BlackRock Inc (BLK.N: Quote), Allianz SE's (ALVG.DE: Quote) Pacific Investment Management Co and TIAA-CREF to hold US Bancorp liable for alleged defects in 843 RMBS trusts collateralized by $778.6 billion of loans, causing tens of billions of dollars of losses.
The judge said the funds pleaded their claims incorrectly as to 33 trusts, and said she lacked jurisdiction over the other 810 trusts in light of a December ruling by the federal appeals court in Manhattan concerning Bank of New York Mellon Corp (BK.N: Quote).
Separately, Forrest said the National Credit Union Administration lacked standing to sue US Bancorp and Bank of America over 74 RMBS trusts from which five corporate credit unions that later failed had bought certificates, because the certificates had been re-securitized.
In the third case, Forrest dismissed claims by several Ireland- and Cayman Islands-based entities against US Bancorp and Bank of America, also saying the plaintiffs lacked standing.
The judge gave all plaintiffs a chance to amend their complaints.
Blair Nicholas, a lawyer for the BlackRock, Pimco and TIAA-CREF plaintiffs, declined to comment. A lawyer for the NCUA and foreign plaintiffs did not immediately respond to requests for comment. US Bancorp spokesman Dana Ripley and Bank of America spokesman Lawrence Grayson declined to comment. Continued...


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
Ilse Content is one of my favorite zines. It has been around for six years and someday should get put in book form like Doris, Invincible Summer, or Cometbus- it's just as good as any of those. Until that day comes, we have a new issue out to satisfy our hungers. It just came out this week and I just put it up on the distro, you should check it out:
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Article - Office of College Advancement
Cost and Red Tape Hamper Colleges' Efforts to Go Green
They find ways to achieve sustainability without the official stamp
By Scott Carlson.
April 11, 2008 issue of The Chronicle of Higher Education [full article].
The private, nonprofit Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design program has become synonymous with green construction, and has kick-started a national conversation about energy efficiency, recycled building materials, and healthy work environments. Even people who know very little about green building know about LEED, as it is commonly known, as a kind of shorthand for environmental achievement.
In higher education, where sustainability is a hot issue, LEED certification is often a visible symbol of a college's commitment. Since LEED began in 2000, more than 1,500 college projects have been registered in the LEED program, the bulk of those in the past couple of years.
But some college officials are raising questions about the process of LEED certification. Some say it emphasizes less-important priorities in building. Others believe the certification is costly and a pain. They think they can follow LEED's principles to build green, without having to go through the expense and hassle of certifying.
Mark of Distinction
The LEED brand is indeed powerful, as other projects at Colorado State and Stanford show. Despite administrators' problems with the price of LEED at Colorado State, one academic building now under way will get certification—because the students, who are paying for the building through student fees, demanded it. At Stanford, Boora Architects is working on a business building in another part of the campus, and the attitude about LEED is very different compared with the science-quad project. "They are dead set on a LEED-platinum building," Mr. Campbell says.
The LEED image is not just for the wealthiest institutions. Ohlone College [emphasis added], in California, is seeking a platinum rating on a health-sciences building that just opened. Douglas Treadway, president of the two-year institution, says that a platinum rating would be important for the college's image, which places an emphasis on sustainability.