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The Civilian Conservation CorpsAired November 2, 2009
Film Description
In March 1933, within weeks of his inauguration, President Franklin Roosevelt sent legislation to Congress aimed at providing relief for unemployed American workers. He proposed the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide jobs in natural resource conservation. Over the next decade, the CCC put more than three million young men to work in the nation's forests and parks, planting trees, building flood barriers, fighting fires, and maintaining roads and trails, conserving both private and federal land.
The CCC was President Roosevelt's answer to the environmental and economic challenges facing the country during the height of the Great Depression. Enlisting 250,000 workers in just two months, the CCC was an ambitious undertaking that brought several government agencies together. The Department of Labor recruited men from the ages of 18 to 25; the War Department clothed and trained them for two weeks, and the Department of Agriculture designed and managed the specific work assignments.
After planting three billion trees in nine years of service, the CCC dissolved in July of 1942. President Roosevelt's attempt at turning it into a permanent agency failed, yet the legacy of the CCC continues to live on in the hundreds of campgrounds, hiking trails and swimming holes still enjoyed by Americans today. In The Civilian Conservation Corps, four alumni Corpsmen share their experiences of poverty, racism, hard work and brotherhood from their time in the CCC, the tale of one of the boldest and most popular New Deal experiments.
Cast and Crew
Written, Produced and Directed by
Robert Stone
Alison Guss
Don Kleszy
Original Score
Gary Lionelli
Philip Holihan
Paul Reuter
Associate Producer
Mona Coade-Wingate
Supervising Sound Editor
Coll Anderson M.P.S.E.
Sound EFX Editors
Stephen Barden M.P.S.E.
Matt Snedecor
Conformations Editor
Wyatt Sprague
Re-recording Mixer
Coll Anderson M.P.S.E.
Historical Consultant
Neil M. Maher
Archival Research
Alison Guss
Chad Smith
On-Line Editor
Lawrence Mercer
Color Correction
Ross Shain
Bono Film & Video
Legal Services
Ben Feldman
Archival Sources/Footage Courtesy of
AP/Wide World Photos
Archive Films by Getty Images
Art Resource
Clifford Hammond
Civilian Conservation Corps Legacy
The Denver Post
The Detroit News
Film File Shop
Floresville Economic Development Corporation
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
Grinberg Film Library
Harley Jolley
HBO Archives
Historic Film Archive
Houston Pritchett
ITN Source
John E. Allen, Inc.
Library of Congress
Estate of Lester Beall/Licensed by Vaga
The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by Scala/Art Resource, NY
National Archives
Pennsylvania State Archives
Potter County Historical Society
Reel Media International
Streamline Films, Inc.
Tennessee Valley Authority
UCLA Film & Television Archive
U.S. Department of Agriculture
U.S. Department of the Interior, Shenandoah National Park
U.S. Latino & Latina World War II Oral History Project
University of South Carolina Newsfilm Library
Vicente Ximenes
WPA Film Library
Special Thanks
Jonathan Alter
Robert Berry
Norman Claiborne
Harold Daum
Fred Garcia
Marc Hammel
Clifford Hammond
Harley Jolley
Gene Morris, NARA
Houston Pritchett
Sonya Pritchett
Kevin Rafferty
Mike Schultz
Joan Sharpe
Linda Ries
Vicente Ximenes
For AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Post Production
Vanessa Ezersky
Glenn Fukushima
Greg Shea
Series Designer
Alison Kennedy
On-Line Editors
Spencer Gentry
Mark Steele
Sound Mix
John Jenkins
Production Manager
Nancy Sherman
Associate Producer, Web
Molly Jacobs
Jay Fialkov
Janice Flood
Maureen Jordan
Scott Kardel
Project Administration
Kelsey Dorwart
Susana Fernandes
Pamela Gaudiano
Marketing and Communications
Sean Cleary
Jen Holmes
Patrick Ramirez
Project Manager
Lauren Prestileo
Series Manager
James E. Dunford
Coordinating Producer
Susan Mottau
Senior Editor
Paul Taylor
Series Producer
Susan Bellows
Senior Producer
Sharon Grimberg
Executive Producer
Mark Samels
A Robert Stone Film for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: I remember the time growing up in North Carolina, looking up and watching Kansas blow by, the dustbowl reaching North Carolina, of course. I also remember fires, floods, drought, erosion, soil gone. What do you have to live on? We were in a sad condition environmentally. The word "environmental" wasn't there at the time, basically, but the situation was. And it was a critical situation.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: We didn't have food. We didn't have jobs. I don't think people realize how close this nation came to having a revolution.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: If it hadn't have been for Roosevelt in establishing the Civilian Conservation Corps, I don't know what a lot of us young guys would have done. I don't know what my next step would have been.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America to its own people!
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: I was raised on a farm and we were poor. I just thought that was the way life was going to be. We didn't have elaborate stuff to eat, either. Like I say, cornbread for noon, cornbread and beans, and cold cornbread and milk for supper. My daddy didn't know hardly what fertilization was, rotation of crops, or soil erosion, and stuff like that. My ag. teacher taught it, but he was just too far ahead of times. And the farmers didn't accept him.
Male actor (Three Faces West): There ain't no college professor gonna teach me how to farm my land.
John Wayne (Three Faces West): How much land you got left that hasn't blown away? Look, men, let's quit arguing and kidding ourselves. We're all in the same boat. And we're all gonna sink unless we stick together. Every one of us has been served with a "dispossess notice," not by Uncle Sam or a bank or some mortgage company, but by a little ol' gal we've been kicking in the teeth, Mother Nature.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: We had not taken care of our country. We had not taken care of our land. No basic scientific farming to speak of. Farm this, gut it and move on. Farm this, gut it and move— that's what we did. We're talking 150-plus years of no care, of very poor care.
I can remember playing in gullies two stories high. That was my playground. But it was a bad thing, because that meant all that erosion and that much good land gone. The soil erosion we were losing annually was enough to load a series of boxcars seven times around the earth. That's a lot of dirt.
Part of it goes back to the big timber companies of the '20s and '30s, cutting and cutting and cutting, leaving slash. Slash would burn, storms would come, floods would come, and down the river goes our good fertile soil. The end result is it caught up with us, total impact, in 1930s, big, big, big-time impact with the resulting disaster.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: I was born in Floresville, Texas, in 1919. We were not hit hard in the beginning because we had a little plot of land. And we could grow some vegetables and things like that, that would keep us going. In fact, I can remember very clearly that they rounded up all the cattle that was in the area and slaughtered them, because there was just no market for meat. But you couldn't sell a heifer or a cow or a pig for anything, you know. You couldn't get any money for it.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: I grew up mostly in Detroit. We kind of moved to Detroit in 1929, right at the start of the Depression. We didn't have any jobs, my father wasn't working. We were just poor. The soup kitchen, that's where we would go line up to eat, just what it said, "Soup Kitchen." You'd line up, you'd go there and just sit down and you'd eat.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, the official unemployment rate was 25%. But that grossly underestimated how many people were actually looking for work or unemployed.
If your house was foreclosed upon, tough luck. The stock market was down 90%. Someone approached the great British economist John Maynard Keynes and said "Have we ever seen anything like this Depression before?" And he said "Yes, it was called the Dark Ages and it lasted for 400 years."
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: According to the tradition in the United States at that time, English tradition was that it is not the government's responsibility to aid the needy. It's the responsibility of family and the church, not the government, not state government, not the local government, not the federal government. And forget about it. We're not going to do it. People had lost hope. They'd lost opportunity. There was practically no promise, whatsoever, of a job anywhere out there. So, what do I do? I do whatever I have to. I get food wherever I can. I get clothing wherever I can. I'll get what I have to get, but I'll get it.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: I remember having, you know, discussions with individuals who were so angry that they were saying, you know, "To heck with the government. Maybe this whole system maybe ought to be changed." The seeds were there. I mean, the people were there who were angry enough to do it. I would say that FDR is the one that saved this country, you know, from having a revolt.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: When Franklin Roosevelt took office in 1933, it was almost a perfect match of man and moment. He was somebody who could inspire people and used the crisis to redefine what we owe each other as a people. That's one of the reasons why the New Deal really was a "New Deal" between the public and the government.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): We are planning, within a few days, to ask the Congress for legislation to enable the government to undertake public works, thus stimulating, directly and indirectly, the employment of many others in welcome center projects.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: Roosevelt believed that work was ultimately more important than relief. He wanted to put people to work as quickly as possible. The Civilian Conservation Corps was really the first of several jobs programs that Roosevelt developed, but the CCC was very close to his heart. And he took a very direct interest in it. And he designed a lot of it because he did have this longtime interest in conservation.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: On his own farm there in Hyde Park he saw the erosion. He saw the depletion of the forests and was very well aware that, in his entire state, the same thing was going on.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): I'm a tremendous enthusiast on planting idle land and vacant acres. Because with my own eyes, I have seen these trees growing. Some of them that I put in 20 years ago are almost as high as a house at the present time.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: So he became Governor in '29, they began putting young men to work reforesting and repairing the gullies. Then he became president, good for the whole nation, again, out of personal experience, in his own home town.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The opposition to the CCC was concern that President Roosevelt was not focusing enough on the interests of business. They were very concerned about taxes. And they were very concerned about deficit spending.
Huey Long, Senator (archival): The national debt today is $30 billions as compared to $19 billions under Hoover. And God knows Hoover was bad enough.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: There were 15 major pieces of legislation in Roosevelt's first 100 days. And many of them had long-lasting effects, like the first regulation of Wall Street and price supports for agriculture. But there were also some really bad ideas in the first 100 days, things that didn't work, that actually may have even harmed the economy to some extent.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: You can imagine, at the time, Roosevelt saying "We're gonna plant umpteen million trees," you know, and convincing people that this was the right thing to do.
Child, Actor (archival): Say pop, could I have a nickel?
Man, Actor (archival): Five cents? Don't bother me. Run on to bed. I want to hear how President Roosevelt's gonna spend that $5 billion dollars.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): First, we are giving opportunity of employment for a quarter of a million of the unemployed, especially the young men who have dependents. Let them go into forestry and flood prevention work. That is a big task because it means feeding and clothing and caring for. And we added twice as many men as we had in the regular army itself. And in creating the Civilian Conservation Corps, we are killing two birds with one stone. We are clearly enhancing the value of our natural resources. And, at the same time, we are relieving an insatiable amount of actual distress.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: Roosevelt made the point to Congress that "We need to put young men to work immediately. And I propose Civilian Conservation Corps to do that." And because all those politicians were aware that they had young men in their hometown and their home state that could vote for them next time around, "Yeah, yeah, we'll go with it," and very quickly came to pass.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The most amazing to me, was the speed with which he got it going. Three months later, by summer of 1933, 250,000 young men were in the CCC. It was the fastest mobilization in American history, and it has never been matched since.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: The local welfare department recruited you. You had to be a citizen of the United States, had to be male, no she-she-she's, had to be male. You had to be unemployed. And you had to be willing to spend six months, eight-hour day, dollar a day.
Man, Actor (Pride of the Bowery): Maloney, your case has been investigated by the welfare board. And they've certified that your mother is in need of the $22 dollars monthly allotment which will be paid to her. As far as the government is concerned, that's the reason that you're here.
CCC Boy, Actor (Pride of the Bowery): You mean this is a CCC camp and I got to stay here for six months?
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: Two hundred men per camp in every state across our Union, each state had a quota. The black population in the United States was about 10% at that time. And they were allowed 10% of the quota. And they were in separate camps. Same type of work, same type of food, same type of clothing, same everything except segregated. White officers.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: When Roosevelt first started this, it was black and white in the same companies in some places. And they separated them in a hurry and put them — the black here and the white over here. The white was not gonna be in there with the black.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: You got to remember, in 1933, we're living in a very, very segregated society. So the idea of blacks even participating in the CCC was a huge move forward. In addition, in the early days of the CCC, Roosevelt waived the age requirement and said, "If you're older and you've been a World War One veteran" — and many of these veterans were in their 30s — "you can join the CCC." About 25,000 joined right at the start, even though they only got paid a dollar a day.
The CCC was an enormous logistical feat that took place over the objections of most of Roosevelt's cabinet. The army didn't want the extra responsibility. The Interior Department raised all kinds of questions. The fact that it was run, in part, by the army, that it was called "Roosevelt's Tree Army," and that it took place at a time when Mussolini and other fascists had their own private armies, gave rise to some controversy.
Adolf Hitler (archival): [speaking German]
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: There was a CCC camp in our community in Texas. And there were some farmers who didn't like FDR and what he did. He was called a communist, a socialist, and whatever, any name you could find. So, therefore, the CCC-ers also, of course, were no good as far as they were concerned. There was large numbers of people who felt that government intervention is not good for the country.
Newsreel Announcer (archival): At Elmsford, New York, and in 1,400 other communities of the land, buildings for new Civilian Conservation Corps camps are going up. In many a town, the coming of CCC camps causes public debate.
Man Leading Meeting (Government Film): Quiet please!
Woman in Crowd (Government Film): The entire moral tone of our community will suffer from the CCC camps. There'll be drunkenness and gambling. Our women will be constantly exploited. I beg our selectmen to prevent this catastrophe.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The objections to it were considerable. The Labor Secretary, Frances Perkins, first woman in the cabinet, she said "We can't pay these people a dollar a day. Organized labor is totally opposed to this."
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: The union wanted more and said, "This is slave labor." What they were afraid of was "Hey, we're going to wind up with one dollar per day being the major labor price." So typical Roosevelt savvy, he appointed a union man to head the program.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: Right after high school — I graduated in '33 — my dad pretty well run me off. I hoboed and hitchhiked around, trying to find a job. You'd ride in a boxcar or whatever you could. I asked people if they had work to do if they'd give me something to eat. And I've never — they never would let me work. They'd always give me something to eat.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: We lived very close to the railroad tracks. And you could see young people, they would stop there in our little town. They were looking for jobs. Of course, there were no jobs in our little town. Some of them would stick around and go to the soup kitchen that was there close to the railroad tracks and get a little something to eat, and wait for maybe the next railroad car that comes along and then jump on it and off they go.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: I rode the trains, hoboed, for about a year. And then I decided I'd better go home. Too cold to be out like that. So that's when I heard of the CCC.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: My neighbor got enrolled. He came home on furlough and began talking. And, the more he talked the more I became interested. And, from that, I went and sought to get enlisted and get enrolled and wound up in the same camp my neighbor was, a little camp in Lexington, North Carolina, soil conservation camp. Most of us, first time to have a toothbrush, first time to have a vaccination, first time to have a daily bath, all these firsts.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: I was determined, I'm gonna stay and finish school. I made that. But, after getting out of school, there were no jobs. And we were just in the street. Some of my friends went into the CCC. When he came home, they had money, they had different clothes, and oh, they was the last word. But they convinced me and a lot of my buddies to go in the CC's.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: I joined the CC's in September of 1934. I was 18 when I went in. And they took them up to 25. I liked it mainly because that was the only time in my life I ever had two pair of shoes. You had your medical and three squares a day. And you only worked about six hours a day. I had been accustomed to working 12, 14 hours a day on the farm. I thought I really had it made.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: Roosevelt was the best thing that ever happened. He didn't only do something for the poor black man, he did something for the poor white man too. Because it was more of them poor than it was us, you know. Now we're eating regular. We got clothes. They're teaching us to work. And we were learning something.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival radio address): The men of the Civilian Conservation Corps, in speaking to you tonight, I am thinking of you as a visible token of encouragement to the whole country. Through you, the nation will graduate a fine group of strong, young men, clean-living, trained to self-discipline, and above all, willing and proud to work for the joy of working. That, my friends, must be the new spirit of the American future. And you are the vanguard of that new spirit.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: It seemed so very normal to hear that voice come across. We'd laugh at his pronunciation of some of the "Rs" of course. But, by and large, it was a warm feeling. This man is our man.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: The Civilian Conservation Corps had the army style. You know, you had Reveille and sort of roll call. And then we'd go back to the barracks, had to keep your bunk all made up nice and everything clean. In a little bit, breakfast would be ready.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: Good breakfasts, with eggs and bacon and sausage, and they had pancakes and waffles, you know, juice of all kinds. Plenty of everything. You could eat all you want. Then, by 7:30, I was on a truck on the way to the site where we were gonna work.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: You get out there in that hot sun, it's 100 degrees, and you're working all day. And you sweatin'. And you worked right up to lunchtime. Then they bring you food out to the field. Now, that was quite a thing, too. We wasn't used to nothing like this.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: Food that you wouldn't believe, good food, sandwiches, I mean, with a lot of meat and plenty of— plenty of everything. Apples, bananas, I mean, you were waiting for that food. Then you'd be back to work.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: We were hardworking boys. By four o'clock you're back to the barracks, and you have a little time for recreation. Six o'clock it's chow time. And we were always ready to eat more. I firmed up. I became much sounder in body, built good legs, that territory as well. And I wound up a fairly good, healthy young teenager.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: Fed you good, yep. I come out of there weighing 174 pounds, and the most I ever weighed in my life. [laughs]
Jonathan Alter, Writer: A lot of the newsreels in the '30s featured the CCC.
Announcer (archival newsreel): Here are members of America's jobless army taking to the woods at Camp Roosevelt, first of the President's concentration units. And are they happy to get back to work.
CCC Boy 1 (archival newsreel): This is a break and the first one I've had for a long time. Everything is going to be swell here, now, and I ask nothing better than this chance to cut away from the past and breathe some fresh air.
CCC Boy 2 (archival newsreel) : The camp is a wonderful physical developer. I wouldn't take $500 dollars for the experience I'm going through here. It beats "Brother can you spare a dime?"
Jonathan Alter, Writer: You had millions of young men working out in the countryside in the sunshine, clearing trails, planting trees. It was good footage. The pictures were good. And Roosevelt understood that immediately. And he also liked to have himself photographed at CCC camps.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): It's very good to be here at these Virginia CCC camps. I wish I could see them all over the country. And I hope that all over the country they're in as fine condition as the camps that I've seen today. I wish that I could take a couple of months off from the White House and come down here and live with them, because I know I'd get full of health the way they have. The only difference is that they have put on an average of about 12 pounds apiece since they got here, and I'm trying to take off 12 pounds. [laughter]
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The CCC was a win-win for FDR. Both put hundreds of thousands, eventually millions of people to work. And he also did something for posterity, for future generations, for what we would now call the Environment.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: It was a healing, heal the man, heal the land. Taking land that had been totally devastated, replanting it, rebuilding it. We're talking about land improvement and conservation all across the country.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: The condition of the land in Texas was absolutely depleted. Rotating crops, that sort of thing, had not been done. A lot of it had been left fallow after they had raised cotton year-in and year-out. So the mesquite would take over. And that's the mesquite that we went in and cleared out, and made it into permanent pastures, which is really what we're talking about insofar as the environment is concerned, and that is to do things that will reproduce themselves forever. That's conservation at its best. We did a lot of contouring. We did a lot of water conservation. So we CCC-ers came along as the first environmentalists.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: Before FDR, most of our national forests were very slow in getting improvement. For example, there were very, very few fire trails and fire roads. One fire could wipe a thing out. But the CCC boys came in and that changed, rapidly changed.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: When there'd be a fire, the Forestry Department, they would call to the different camps and get the CCC to fight these fires. You get out there in that fire, well, that was one of the most dangerous jobs we had. First needed to have you cut a lane where the fire wouldn't jump over. Then we'd get in there with the shovels — most of it was shovels — we didn't have too much water supplied unless you're right near a river or something. And you'd fight until you'd get that fire down where you can handle it. And you were tired and beat up, and all your clothes was burnt. And you were dirty from that dust that you were throwing. But we'd get the fire out. Then you'd get on this truck, you might have to ride 25 or 30 miles back to camp, sometimes further than that.
You'd get in there, you'd clean up, you'd have your dinner. And most of the time you're too tired to do anything but go to sleep. But, that was the way of life. And we was enjoying it. It was different.
Now, just like other places, we'd have racism. But you just had to deal with it. There was some areas they did not want no 45 or 50 black young men sittin' out there close to their settlement. And some of them places we didn't want to be sittin' out there with them, either. They never believed that we could work. There's a lot of them. But once we'd get the chance, that's what did it. And coming up to that CCC give you the know-how to get in there and get it done. The CC's really taught you to have a backbone, stand up for yourself. And don't let nobody run over you.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The CCC Corps members came from very different backgrounds. And they were thrust together, sent out from whatever neighborhood they came from, out into the countryside, put in these barracks. And they had to learn how to deal with each other. The only thing they had in common was that they were poor. And they needed a job.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: I had to not only work with people who had come from families who were extremely poor, but people who had become poor all of a sudden. Some of them were highly educated, had PhDs. And some of them hadn't been to the first grade. People who had been in business lost their jobs. But now the CCC was their only remedy. And to have to go and work at the CCC for $30 bucks a month, well, all of us, you know, were in the same boats.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: Well it was carpentry work, steel work, or rock quarry work, I don't remember anybody in my outfit cussing what they did. You know, by them knowing they were going to have three meals a day and a place to sleep, and recreation and all that stuff, everybody was enthused about what they did. But I don't care if you get in with a bunch of guys, they're gonna have conflicts periodically. And we solved ours by grudge fights. You know, two guys couldn't get along, we'd — we had a ring, a boxing ring. And we'd get them in there and let them fight it out.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: Many of our boys couldn't read or write. So one of the first things that FDR said, "They will be taught to read and write. Nobody, no boy will leave our camps illiterate." We were taught the idea that "Hey, you can do things. You can do better than what you've done in the past. You do have a future." And we believed that.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: After dinner, they had vocational type classes available to persons who wanted them — typing classes or plumbing and electrical, that sort of thing. In my camp, there was an opening for a company clerk. So I went and practiced after work on my typing skills. And the company commander said, "Okay, so you're hired. You're going to be my company clerk." So then, I was an office worker then. From then on I didn't have to go out in the field. I did the payroll. Each member received thirty dollars. Twenty-five dollars went home automatically.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: Each man would send home twenty-five dollars each month and keep five for myself. Now the dollar had enormous precious impact in the 1930s. So twenty-five dollars sent home, multiplied across the nation by thousands, that's a lot of economic improvement nationwide.
And then not only were the boys there employed, remember they had support people — foremen, superintendents, engineers, all this. So here are skilled people employed as well. Then supplying the camp food, all the things it takes to run a camp for a week, that went to the local economy also. So it was a major impact on all the economies wherever the camps went. And they went everywhere.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: Franklin Roosevelt was a very clever politician. And he planted CCC camps all over the country in strategically designated congressional districts. And that helped to build public support for the program. And, when he ran for reelection in 1936, which was really a referendum on the CCC and Social Security and the other New Deal programs, he carried all but two states, Maine and Vermont. He had the largest victory since George Washington.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: The CCC had a newspaper called Happy Days. And this repeatedly pointed out all the good things that the boys were doing across the country, and the fact that "Hey, this is not only a land improvement, it's improvement in patriotism, it's improvement in awareness, a cultural awareness," and it was very much so.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: Of course, after payday, we would go into town, you know, and I have that five bucks to spend. We had a roller rink pretty close. I think it cost a quarter to skate all night. And that's where you'd meet your girls and stuff. I know a couple of the boys met local gals, then they married them.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: My first camp I was in the middle of a town. We'd go to movies, go bowling, all those good things. The boys hated us. The boys didn't— the girls loved us.
The local people, by and large, were glad to see us because of the work that was being done on their farms.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: In my company, about 80% of the members were Mexican-Americans. Going into town was a problem. The people in town hated FDR. They hated the CCC. And, more than that, they hated the Mexican-Americans who were members of the CCC. You had to be careful where you went to, to get a hamburger or sandwich, or where you went to get a drink. Some of the bartenders said, "I'm sorry, but we don't serve Mexicans." Well, one of the guys just rammed him right away and tore the place up. And we took off, went to the — went back to inside the camp where they couldn't do anything with us. But we tore up the place. But that happened a number of times, even though they accepted the work that we were doing in and around the area.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: Civilian Conservation Corps made me understand how other people lived and realize that we should all just get along well with each other. Like I used to think I was better than a Mexican because there's no Mexicans in Illinois when I was growing up, you know. All the farm boys and girls just all white like me. So that mixture helped me a lot to know other types of people, and realize that they're just like anybody else.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: Even in my own camp, there were individuals who were outright racists, you know, to individuals who were the recipients of racism. I learned that we could get both sides to come together, that we could convince them to work as a community and work together. Human relationship was important. Human rights was important. That value that I learned or I picked up in CCC's was with me from then on. It stayed with me the rest of my life.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: We got to see basically a change, not only in us, but also in the total environment, an improvement, not a deterioration, but a major improvement. No more looking up and watching Kansas pass by. No more looking and seeing the rivers flood. No more of the business of fires everywhere. But an environment that was pleasant to experience, providing an enjoyable change of pace from the city, come up and into the mountain country and see nature on all sides, have a picnic and enjoy the beauty of our country.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: There are places that most people have no idea that the CCCs were the ones that built them. Camp David, for example, was built by the CCCs. Carlsbad Caverns, we'd built everything except the cave. And, when you look at all of the state parks and national parks that were built by the CCCs, then you can begin to see what happened to this nation as a whole. That changed the entire recreational patterns of this nation.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: If you go out on a hike, now, all over the United States, there's a very good chance that the trail you're hiking on was cut by the CCC. The first ski trails in the United States, in Vermont, were also cut by the CCC. So a paralyzed President, who couldn't walk, much less ski, indirectly launched the American ski industry.
Any agency of government that manages to plant 2.3 billion — with a "b" — trees to create 800 state parks, to save the topsoil of the United States, has to be considered one of the most pro-environmental organizations ever established.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival voice-over): We realize, now, that we committed excesses which we are, today, seeking to atone for. We used up, we destroyed much of our natural heritage, just because that heritage was so bountiful. We have prayed sincerely and honestly to look ahead to the future years. We are, at last, definitely engaged in the task of conserving the bounties of nature, thinking in the terms of the pull of nature.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: I was in the CC's for 23 months and four days, never forget it. And I left because they was gonna take the men out of the CC and send them straight in the army. It's time for us to make a move.
Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: The coming of Pearl Harbor and the movement of the United States into World War Two brought an enormous demand for manpower. That was the axe that killed the CCC. By July of 1942 the CCC was phased out, gone.
Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: Without the CCCs, I really… I really don't know what we would have done. We did not have an army prepared to go to war. And here was approximately two and a half or three million men who were prepared and had been organized to work together. I joined the Air Force in 1941. And they didn't have to do a hell of a lot of training for me. I was prepared.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: Nobody didn't have to tell you about how to make a bed and how it should be done, how to clean your clothes. And they didn't have to tell you — if the man tell you to go do something, you didn't ask questions, you do it. The CCC made me a man, it made me respect discipline and how to work and get along with people.
Jonathan Alter, Writer: The CCC not only was a major foundation of our ethic of national service in this country, but also an ethic of conservation. After generations of Americans essentially raping the land for whatever it was worth economically, as happens in so many other parts of the world, suddenly there's a break in that in the '30s. And you have a pretty large chunk of a generation, three million people, who have some experience in conserving the land instead of exploiting the land, who care about what we leave behind.
Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: Recently, we went back to find the camp we was in. I went back up there and seen them trees, where they got them where you can't cut them down. And my little granddaughter, she was telling them, "All these trees," she said her grandpa planted all the trees up there. [laughs]
Jonathan Alter, Writer: Who were the people who pioneered the environmental movement in this country and who now are helping us to transition to more of a green ethic? Many of their parents and grandparents were in the CCC. An ethic of conservation is then born and developed and nurtured and built, because it's all a generational conversation that takes place, that one thing builds on another, builds on another.
Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: You know, I met a lady at a wingding for us old people that knew exactly where my camp was. And she says — because I had told her, after we got acquainted with each other, I told her I just loved to go back and see where my camp was. And she said "You couldn't visualize what a change you guys made."
Slate: Harley Jolley became a history professor and wrote extensively about the CCC.
Slate: Houston Pritchett worked at the Ford Motor Company for 31 years.
Slate: Clifford Hammond owned and operated Cliff's Amusement Park in Albuquerque, NM for more than 50 years.
Slate: Vincente Ximenes had a career in government, serving in both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.


text:
Skopje, 24 September 2010 This morning Mr. Yuriy Boyko, Minister of Fuel and Energy Ukraine, and Mr. Fatmir Besimi, Minister of Economy of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, in his function as the Energy Community Presidency in Office, signed a Protocol on the accession of Ukraine to the Energy Community. Representing the Vice- Presidency, Mr. Fabrizio Barbaso, Deputy Director General for Energy at the European Commission also took part in the ceremony.
"Today's signature signals our political will to align the principles of Ukrainian energy policy with that of the EU. I expect the Ukrainian parliament to ratify the Treaty very quickly within the coming months," stated Mr. Boyko. "Ukraine's accession is a major milestone in the Energy Community process. It is evident that the geographical reference to the Western Balkans in the Energy Community context is history. Today we witness the deepening of the EU energy policy and extension of its borders", noted Minister Fatmir Besimi. "I am impressed by the dynamics of the Energy Community process. Just five years ago nine Contracting Parties signed the Treaty establishing the Energy Community. In 2007 Romania and Bulgaria matured from a Contracting Party to a fully fledged EU member. Now in 2010 we are welcoming Moldova and Ukraine as new members of the Energy Community. Today's signing ceremony adds force to the ultimate objective of creating a pan-European energy market on the ground of the EU principles and rules", Mr. Barbaso added.
The Ministerial Council of the Energy Community approved the accession of Ukraine in December 2009. The signature of the Accession Protocol was, however, made subject to the adoption of a gas law in compliance with EU relevant rules. Today's signature follows the enactment of the new Ukrainian gas law and publication in July 2010. As a next step, the Ukrainian Parliament is now expected to ratify the Treaty establishing the Energy Community as soon as possible.
As a Party to the Treaty, Ukraine has a binding obligation to implement the core EU energy law and thereby put in place a sound and transparent market structure. The alignment with the EU legal framework will, additionally, result in improved investment climate and higher financial stability. With its legal obligation to increase usage of renewable energy and energy efficiency, Ukraine will also contribute to tackling of climate change.
The signing ceremony took place in the morning of the 8th Energy Community Ministerial Council. The 8th Ministerial Council is expected to adopt on detailed recommendations concerning the future implementation of the Third Energy Internal Market Package and the new EU renewable energy Directive. Also, the two recently recasted energy efficiency Directives are expected to become applicable to the eight Contracting Parties.
CHRONOLOGY: The 1st Energy Community Ministerial Council accepted Ukraine as Observer to the Treaty in November 2006. In June 2007, the Energy Community Ministerial Council mandated the European Commission to lead the accession negotiations. Starting November 2008, three negotiation rounds took place. The technical negotiations were concluded with the signature of a Memorandum in October 2009. In December 2009, the Ministerial Council agreed on the accession of Ukraine under the terms and conditions set out in the relevant protocols.
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Trion Rising - eBook
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Could Jesmet really be a faithbreaker, like Oriannon's friend Margus says? She's not so sure, but her life is turned upside-down when she loses her way on the dark side of the planet and is taken in by an odd, cliff-dwelling people. And when her new friends face a deadly threat, can the once self-centered Oriannon follow her heart...and save half the planet? Recommended for ages 12 and up.
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Publication Date: 2009
Ages: 13-16
Series: Shadowside Trilogy
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Robert Elmer lives in the Seattle area with his wife and their little white dog, Farragut, who is named for the famous admiral. He is the author of over fifty books, most of them for younger readers (but some for grown-ups, as well). He enjoys sailing in the San Juan Islands, exploring the Pacific Northwest with his wife, and spending time with their three kids along with a growing number of little grandkids.
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text:
Benign adrenal tumors are noncancerous masses that form in the adrenal glands. As part of your endocrine system, the adrenal glands produce hormones that give instructions to virtually every organ and tissue in your body.
You have two adrenal glands, one above each kidney. Each gland contains two types of tissue: the cortex and the medulla. Benign adrenal tumors that develop in the cortex are also called adrenal adenomas. Benign adrenal tumors that develop in the medulla are also called pheochromocytomas (fee-o-kroe-moe-sy-TOE-muhs).
Most benign adrenal tumors cause no symptoms and don't require treatment. But sometimes benign adrenal tumors can secrete high levels of certain hormones that can cause complications. In these cases, treatment for benign adrenal tumors may include surgery or medications.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-adrenal-tumors/basics/definition/CON-20034057
Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Chega de Saudade
Features of This Trackbrazilian jazz rhythms
breathy vocals
heartbreak lyrics
acoustic guitar accompaniment
interesting harmonic progressions
strong melodies
a groove oriented approach
lyric-centric composition
mixed major and minor tonalities
portuguese lyrics
and many other similarities identified in the Music Genome Project
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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text:
Symbol Grounding in Computational Systems: A Paradox of Intentions
- First Online:
DOI: 10.1007/s11023-009-9175-1
- Cite this article as:
- Müller, V.C. Minds & Machines (2009) 19: 529. doi:10.1007/s11023-009-9175-1
- Citations
- 176 Downloads
The paper presents a paradoxical feature of computational systems that suggests that computationalism cannot explain symbol grounding. If the mind is a digital computer, as computationalism claims, then it can be computing either over meaningful symbols or over meaningless symbols. If it is computing over meaningful symbols its functioning presupposes the existence of meaningful symbols in the system, i.e. it implies semantic nativism. If the mind is computing over meaningless symbols, no intentional cognitive processes are available prior to symbol grounding. In this case, no symbol grounding could take place since any grounding presupposes intentional cognitive processes. So, whether computing in the mind is over meaningless or over meaningful symbols, computationalism implies semantic nativism.


text:
The latest news direct from steam
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text:
Legal Eagle Blazes Environmental Trail
Close your eyes and transport yourself back to a place in nature you desperately love.
William Snape III is in Winter Park, Fla., in the three acres of woods near where he lived as a child in the 1970s, the spot where he caught his pet snakes.
Those woods are no longer.
"Frequently when I start my talks now, I ask people in the audience to think about a place when you grew up that was an outdoor place that you liked to play in, and I ask them, 'Does that place still exist?'" says Snape, an environmental law fellow at the Washington College of Law, where he teaches part time. "Well over 50 percent of the time people will raise their hands, and no, it doesn't exist. Obviously there are still great places like Yosemite and Yellowstone that hopefully will be with us for millennia, but a lot of private lands have been converted, and probably irretrievably so."
Snape's boyhood haunt in central Florida may be gone, cleared for yet another tract of single-family homes and strip malls, but its legacy lives on. It was there that the seeds of his brilliant career as an environmental activist lawyer were planted.
For decades Snape has worked tirelessly, using the law to protect the environment. Since coming to WCL as a visiting professor in spring 2007, he's maintained a private practice while nurturing the next generation of the earth's legal advocates as a practitioner in residence. Among his primary objectives in the environmental externship seminar he teaches is getting students placed in nonprofit environmental jobs in Washington.
"It's really fun and exciting to bring motivated students into my world, because I can tell them war stories, and not war stories from 20 years ago, but things that are happening now, particularly with global warming, and the polar bear, and the melting Arctic," he says. "I still litigate, I still lobby, so I can get students involved with real-life advocacy, whatever their beliefs are. I teach my students, if this is what the facts say, and you believe the facts, here's what a good lawyer does to move the ball and get recognition of that problem. Really no different than civil rights law, if you think about it."
The son of a physician who often took the family on camping trips along the Eastern Seaboard, Snape's legal career wasn't exactly mapped out from a young age.
"I went to law school right out of college quite frankly because I didn't know what else to do with myself," he says. Snape spent one of his summers working in a firm doing environmental work for the industry side, and while he knew that wasn't for him, he thoroughly enjoyed the blend of science and law.
"I took my first environmental law class in my third year, and the marriage just kind of took off from there," he says.
One of Snape's first positions was as a scientific fellow at Defenders of Wildlife, where he lobbied the United Nations on behalf of a high seas drift net fishing ban, which eventually was put into place. It was the first of many victories he helped engineer during a 14-year career at the organization.
"Bill is largely responsible for making us one of the top tier wildlife litigators in the country," said Rodger Schlickeisen, president of Defenders of Wildlife. "He took a fledgling program and grew it to the point where we are now. Not only is he incredibly able, but he cares an awful lot about wildlife conservation. He does his homework, he knows the devil is in the details in these things."
At 40 Snape remained passionate about the environment, but was itching for a new challenge. One morning over a bowl of cereal, a newspaper blurb about the resignation of Gallaudet University's swimming coach caught his eye.
"Over the course of the next 48 hours it was all I was thinking about," says Snape, an All-American swimmer in high school who served as an associate coach of George
Washington University's men's swimming team while he was in law school there.
After flip-flopping his résumé so the swimming stuff was on top and the legal stuff below, Snape managed to convince Gallaudet's athletic director to give him the part-time job—despite the fact that he didn't know sign language.
"I love teaching here at the AU law school, but becoming head coach at Gallaudet professionally was the most wonderful thing I've ever done."
He's managed to pick up some sign language, likening his proficiency to that of a kindergartner.
"I communicate what I want, but I'm not good at listening," he says.
Somehow, his message is getting across clearly. Last year he was named the Capitol Athletic Conference Coach of the Year.
Snape continues to advocate strongly on behalf of environmental issues. As senior counsel for the Center for Biological Diversity, he was involved in successfully lobbying the Bush administration to have the polar bear listed under the Endangered Species Act. He currently has a case before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in which his client, in one sense, is the flat-tailed horned lizard.
"The reason we protect wild animals, besides the fact they're God's creation and we should be very careful about what we decide will go extinct, is almost always a wildlife species is indicative of its habitat and indicative of the human health as well," he says. "With regard to the flat-tailed horned lizard, the fact that it's declining indicates that desert areas that humans use and need are being highly degraded by off-road vehicles and water diversions. There's almost always a relationship between the animal species and the human species. When we're seeing wildlife habitat decline, that's our habitat as well. We shouldn't be allowing species to go extinct. That's like throwing out volumes in the library before we've read them."
After a lifetime spent fighting for animals, plants, and habitats that can't fight for themselves, Snape believes the most epic environmental battle remains on the horizon.
"I think global warming is not only the greatest environmental challenge to modern society, I would say it's the greatest challenge," he says. "I think global warming and our related energy issues are precisely what are behind our Middle East military involvement. I think the issue of global warming and energy is the defining issue of our day. And the law will play a very central role.
"I'm as much a coach to my students as I am to my swimmers. The students at the Washington College of Law will be the leaders who fix the problem. I genuinely and passionately believe that or I wouldn't be as excited to teach. They're thinking in new ways about the problems that we face. I love that."


text:
Bill of Rights Day Ceremonies
This episode is from the WNYC archives. It may contain language which is no longer politically or socially appropriate.
Bill of Rights Day ceremony at the Wall Street post of the American Legion.
Opens with announcer followed by the singing of the National Anthem.
Master of Ceremonies Commander Oliver Troster introduces Reverend John L. Cunningham for the invocation.
Past Commander Seright addresses the crowd on the topic of the Bill of Rights.
Various notable members of the crowd are introduced.
Polly Honnel, first woman commander of the Wall Street post introduces the guest of honor, Judge Harold R. Medina, who addresses the crowd about the role of attorneys and the quest for justice.
Audio courtesy of the NYC Municipal Archives WNYC Collection
WNYC archives id: 72715
Municipal archives id: LT9041


text:
Latest Reviews
60L Worksack
Great climbing pack for long climbing trips. Carries very well and its modular design allows it to be used for nearly all aspects of a big trip. Not the best for backpackers who don't climb. My Cilogear Worksack I got my own Cilogear Worksack 60L about four months ago and have done my best to test it out in all different situations. I have used it backpacking, ice cragging, rock cragging, on multi-pitch ice, and multi-pitch rock, alpine climbing, and even snowshoeing. I have carried anywhere from… Full review
45L WorkSack
Best winter pack ever! It's light but durable. Simple but highly customizable. All straps are possible to move into a plethora of combinations. Whatever you want to attach on the outside of the pack, just move the straps to fit your desires. Need to attach more stuff, just order more straps, though you'll get a ton to start with, I only ordered the specific ski carry straps, but I'm sure you can make some out of the straps you get with the bag, I was lazy. It comes in different lengths which is… Full review
60L Worksack
I just did my first trip with this pack - sadly the trip didn't work out due to weather but the pack did. First off, Cilogear's service is excellent and very personal; they build a relationship with you and discuss your needs. My initial thoughts on receiving the pack were that it appeared to have everything laid out where it should be, the weight was very light and the pack compresses down very small. Fabric is excellent - the right combination of lightness or scuff-resistance where you need it… Full review
40L WorkSack
I've had this pack for about 6 months. I've used it for a trip up the Coe Glacier (Mt. Hood), a few day trips and a week of ice climbing in the Adirondacks. This pack is excellent for ice climbing. The crampon pocket and ice tool holders are extremely easy to use. The pack requires some time testing and adjusting but once you've dialed it in to your body, it is set to go. While out ice climbing, I abuse the heck out of it. It's my pad to sit on, used for bracing while mantling up a chimney,and is… Full review
60L Worksack
The CiloGear 60L WorkSack is the best pack I've ever owned or used. It carries anything I've loaded it with beautifully, I've never had a pack move WITH me instead of against me. Truly the best pack for off trail hiking or alpine climbing I've ever seen. I highly recommend it to anybody with a bit of patience to get them through the first ten minutes of setting up the pack. This pack is surprisingly large, but unbelievably light -- I don't use many of the removable straps, and I've even forgotten… Full review
CiloGear makes alpine and rock climbing packs in Portland, Oregon. Read Trailspace's profile of CiloGear and its founder, Graham Williams.
CiloGear Coverage in the Trailspace Blog
Klymit Air Beam inflates your pack's frame sheet
Klymit's Air Beam backpack frame sheet is made of lightweight fabric and inflates with pressurized air. It claims to be stiffer, more comfortable, and offer optimal load transfer over regular frame sheets. Read more
July 13, 2012
Outdoor Retailer: Ready for their close-ups
Snapshots from the opening day of Outdoor Retailer Winter Market 2010. Read more
January 21, 2010
Gear Maker Profile: Graham Williams of CiloGear
Graham Williams named CiloGear, his alpine pack company, after a mountain range in eastern Turkey, but he really discovered how to haul things uphill in the twisting staircases of New York City. Read more
May 7, 2009
6635 North Baltimore
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(503) 305-3858
email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Watch The Day My God Died Indian Documentary Movie below:
Plot Summary:
Directed by Andrew Levine. With Anuradha Koirala. Entering Bombay brothels with hidden cameras, this film exposes human rights violations and documents the tragedy of the child sex trade. Narrated by Academy Award-winning actor Tim Robbins, THE DAY MY GOD DIED puts a human face on these abstract numbers as it recounts the stories of several Nepalese girls who were forced into the international child sex trade.
This heart-wrenching documentary provides a glimpse into the corruption and evil behind the curtain of the global sex industry, a world seldom seen by outsiders. But it is also a reminder that of the over one million women and girls who are sold, transported and forced into sexual slavery each year, 50,000 are in the United States. THE DAY MY GOD DIED exposes crimes that not only occur far away, but also far closer to home than we may have imagined (Independent lens).


text:
Latest Weather Blog
Iberville Parish creates ferry landing with bridge closed
PLAQUEMINE - Iberville Parish leaders have started work on a plan to get people across the Intracoastal Canal while the Grosse Tete bridge remains closed.
News 2 was shown the plan Thursday near Plaquemine.
Crews are working on platforms and ramps on each side of the canal and hope to give commuters a way to cross the canal by Monday.
Parish leaders took action after a barge smashed into the Grosse Tete bridge last week, knocking it out of service. Residents on the west side were left with an hour-long detour with the bridge shut down.
Iberville Parish Sheriff Brett Stassi said giving people another way out as soon as possible was the parish's top priority.
"We want to help the people of Iberville Parish. This is a state problem with the bridge, and we are hoping that they do provide us a ferry. If they don't provide us a ferry, I think Monday morning we will start ferrying people with the sheriff's office equipment," he said.
Stassi says the department's boat can ferry six to eight people across the canal at a time. They will provide more boats as needed.


text:
water leak from passenger fire wall drain ???
i just bought my jeep a few weeks ago and ive been noticing its been leaving traces of water underneath my car and it hasnt rained at all scince i bought it ! except this week and i noticed the first night it rained i got in my car in the am and it had that smelly damp scent so i had in my garage got under the car and noticed it coming from a drain tube coming out of the fire wall on the passenger side so i precede to pull up the passenger floor carpet and the carpet it self was semi damp but no traces of water on the floor underneath very confused and yet its still leaving a puddle over night!!!!! any ideas were the waters trapped and or anyone have a problem like this ????
I think thats the AC drain on your jeep, and the dealer may fix it for free, check here ...water problem - JeepForum.com
What kind of car are you having the issue with? We might be able to help, but this is a Jeep forum. :D
sorry didnt mention what it was lol its a 2005 wrangler unlimited
but would an ac drain still drain even tho i havent used the ac yet ????
Have you had the defroster on? I know in many cars the defroster will actually automatically cycle the air conditioning system, so as to prevent it from siezing after sitting all winter.
hmm ill have to check to see if the knob is on defrost lol would that really cause that problem tho ?? and when it rains alot i get this musty smell in the cabin of my JEEP lol
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text:
And this in the HK area why?
I've had a P239 .40 for weeks and just had no time to fire it. Got down to business today.
Usually the .40 cal pistols are sharp on recoil but this pistol was like a 9mm.
Dead on accuracy and the trigger got better with use. I got this gun as a "throw in" on a trade for another pistols I wanted and now, I have found why the P 239 is so popular.
Wrong forum, but the P239 is great.


text:
Items I used:
• A brush
• TRESemmé Hair Spray
• Curling Iron: I used my Chi 1 1/4" Curling Iron, and I did wish I had used a smaller iron at times, but really you'll see that the actual size doesn't matter so much
• Alligator clips to separate hair: I couldn't find a pic showing what I have, mine are from Sally Beauty and have an angle partway down, this makes them better at holding a lot of hair
• Bobby Pins: The best ones ever are the MetaGrip ones from Sally Beauty. They hold everything and don't fail!
I started on the bottom and worked in a few big sections. I don't know why I started on the bottom, I should have started on top like usual. Strange. Anyways, I recommend working in smaller areas to make it a bit more manageable.
I couldn't take pics of this (I am but one person with a camera remote...), but once your hair is curled, you need to spray it again with hair spray and quickly brush through that hair spray. The spray gives you the hold, but brushing it makes your hair much softer and more touchable. Do this fast, you need your hair to still be hot when you are done brushing.
Once your hair is brushed again, you need to rewrap around your fingers and pin it. I wrap using 2 or 3 fingers, I vary it a little for some variety and a more organic look. I don't wrap all the way up to my scalp, I go up to a little above where I started with the curling iron, and then pin it with 1 or 2 pins.
My curls stayed all night long, looking perfect the whole time!


text:
|Davis, Adam
|Raghu, Sathyamurthy
Submitted to: Weed Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/12/2010
Publication Date: 7/1/2010
Citation: Davis, A.S., Raghu, S. 2010. Weighing Abiotic and Biotic Influences on Weed Seed Predation Rates. Weed Research. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00790.x Interpretive Summary: Reducing weed seed inputs to the soil seedbank is an important goal for integrated weed management, yet most weed management tactics are targeted at the seedling stage. Development of effective strategies for weed seedbank management will be aided by a better understanding of the ecological factors regulating weed seed predation rates in agricultural fields. Predation rates of giant foxtail, velvetleaf and giant ragweed by invertebrate and vertebrate seed predators were measured within a corn crop in Illinois. Weed seed rain of the three species, activity-density of invertebrate seed predators and weather data were measured concurrently. Structural equation models indicated that weed seed supply and seed demand by predators have much greater explanatory power for variation in seed predation rates than do weather variables or seed demise due to other factors than predation. A better understanding of how predators forage, and under which conditions they become sated, will help guide agroecosystem design to increase weed seed predation.
Technical Abstract: Weed seed predation is an important ecosystem service supporting weed management in low-external-input agroecosystems. Current knowledge of weed seed predation in arable systems focuses on biotic mechanisms, with less understood about the relative impact of abiotic variables on this process. In order to quantify relative contribution of abiotic and biotic variables to weed seed predation rates, a field study was made within a maize crop in central Illinois, USA, in 2005 and 2006. From late July through mid-October, weekly measurements were made of Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia trifida, and Setaria faberi seed removal rates by invertebrate and vertebrate granivores, and seed losses due to abiotic processes. Seed rain of these species was measured in contiguous plots. Concurrent measurements of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, thermal units and invertebrate activity-density were also made in the same location. Structural equation models of weed seed predation by invertebrates and vertebrates indicated that the relationship between seed supply and predator seed demand drove much of the variation in seed predation rates. When latent variables for abiotic seed losses and climatic variables associated with winter's approach were included in these models, their explanatory power and parsimony both declined. Therefore, the focus by many studies on biotic mechanisms in weed seed predation appears to be justified. A mechanistic understanding of predator satiation will help guide agroecosystem design to increase weed seed destruction by granivores.


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Dose fractionation
Experiments in radiation biology have found that as the absorbed dose of radiation increases, the number of cells which survive decreases. They have also found that if the radiation is fractionated into smaller doses, with one or more rest periods in between, fewer cells die. This is because of self-repair mechanisms which repair the damage to DNA[1][2] and other biomolecules such as proteins. These mechanisms can be over expressed in cancer cells, so caution should be used in using results for a cancer cell line to make predictions for healthy cells if the cancer cell line is known to be resistant to cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin. The DNA self repair processes in some organisms is exceptionally good; for instance, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can tolerate a 15 000 Gy (1.5 MRad) dose.
In the graph below, called a cell survival curve, the dose vs. surviving fraction have been drawn for a hypothetical group of cells with and without a rest time for the cells to recover. Other than the recovery time partway through the irradiation, the cells would have been treated identically.
The human body contains many types of cells, and the human can be killed by the loss of a single type of cells in a vital organ. For many short-term radiation deaths due to what is commonly known as radiation sickness (3 to 30 days after exposure), it is the loss of bone marrow cells (which produce blood cells), and the loss of other cells in the wall of the intestines, that is fatal.
Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment[edit]
Fractionation also refers to a method of treating cancer with radiation therapy. When the total dose of radiation is divided into several, smaller doses over a period of several days, there are fewer toxic effects on healthy cells. This maximizes the effect of radiation on cancer and minimizes the negative side effects. Typical fractionation schemes divide the dose into 30 units delivered every weekday over six weeks, though current research is considering the benefits of accelerated fractionation (two deliveries per day and/or deliveries on weekends as well). Hypofractionation is a treatment regimen that delivers higher doses of radiation in fewer visits. The logic behind this treatment is that applying greater amounts of radiation works to lower the effects of accelerated tumor growth that typically occurs during the later stages of radiotherapy.[3]
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ John Kimball (8 April 2012). "DNA repair". Retrieved 2012-06-24.
- ^ Ben Best. "Mechanisms of Aging". Retrieved 2012-06-24.
- ^ Pollack, Alan, and Mansoor Ahmed . Hypofractionation: Scientific Concepts and Clinical Experiences. 1st. Ellicot City: LimiText Publishing, 2011


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Since Christmas they have lived with us,
Guileless and clear,
Oval soul-animals,
Taking up half the space,
Moving and rubbing on the silk
Invisible air drifts,
Giving a shriek and pop
When attacked, then scooting to rest, barely trembling.
Yellow cathead, blue fish ----
Such queer moons we live with
Instead of dead furniture!
Straw mats, white walls
And these traveling
Globes of thin air, red, green,
The heart like wishes or free
Peacocks blessing
Old ground with a feather
Beaten in starry metals.
Your small
Brother is making
His balloon squeak like a cat.
Seeming to see
A funny pink world he might eat on the other side of it,
He bites,
Then sits
Back, fat jug
Contemplating a world clear as water.
A red
Shred in his little fist.
Poet: Sylvia Plath
Poem: Balloons
Volume: The Collected Poems
Year: Published/Written in 1963
Poem of the Day:
Jun 13 2011
Are you looking for more information on this poem? Perhaps you are trying to analyze it? The poem, Balloons, has received 36 comments. Click here to read them, and perhaps post a comment of your own.
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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
This spring or summer (2009), I would like to take a basic silk-screen class/workshop in Portland. Any recommendations, info or links would be great.
Bert from the Bureau.
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2 Recommendations
itslaurie's recommendation
Gives a flawless finish. I love this stuff. Need more. Hint, hint.
retrodiva's recommendation
The pump is the best part of this product, as well as the iridescent blue that you can just barely see in this product. I'm not sure that it actually does anything, but it's very pretty to look at. This is another recommendation just because of the price - you get a fair amount of product that will last you some time for a very reasonable price.
My Collections:


text:
Last Year In Marienbad (Blu-Ray)
Release Date: 28 September 2009 | Certificate: Universal, suitable for all
Featuring: Giorgio Albertazzi and Delphine Seyrig
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In Alain Resnais's masterwork, L'ANNEE DERNIERE A MARIENBAD, each fantasy laden, heavily dramatised, aesthetically perfected scene is dictated by the memories of a man (Giorgio Albertazzi), who is one of many elegant, aristocratic guests vacationing at the enchanting resort, Marienbad. Because the story consists of foggy memories that may or may not be accurate, the film unrolls like a repetitious dream. In the opening sequences, the man describes the immensity and silence of the lavishly decorated baroque hotel as the camera roams its empty hallways. Soon after, the hotel guests appear, assembled for a theatre production inside the hotel. Like the actors in the play, the characters in the film make it obvious that they are also playing established roles and reciting lines. Sometimes they simply pose as the camera passes over them, while at other times, they stand like statues, trying to remember what happened last year. They amuse themselves with parlour games, ballroom waltzes, target practice in the shooting gallery, and strolls through the garden. Meanwhile, the man establishes the abstract plot about a love affair he began last year with a woman (Delphine Seyrig), reconstructed from his partial memories. She remembers nothing of the affair, not even the man's name. In fact, most of the guests cannot even recall the year in which these things might have happened--was it 1928 or 29
Introduction by G. Vincendeau, Alain Robbe-Grillet, In The Labyrinth Of Marienbad, Trailer, Short Film 2: Toute la memoire, Short Film 1: Chant du styrene, BD-LIVE
Release Date: 28 September 2009
Certificate: U - Universal - Suitable for all
Actors: Giorgio Albertazzi and Delphine Seyrig
Directed by: Alain Resnais
Region B
Sound: Dolby Digital
Running Time: 94 minutes
Production Year: 1961
Main Language: French
Subtitles: English
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Elin Nordegren tells People Magazine that she's "been through hell" since finding out about Tiger Woods' infidelity and that a marriage "without trust and love" is not a good one.
Nordegren, who denies she ever hit her ex-husband, said the couple tried to reconcile but it wasn't to be.
Tell us: How will divorce affect Tiger's game
"There was never any violence inside or outside our home," she said. "The speculation that I would have used a golf club to hit him is just truly ridiculous."
Reporter Sandra Sobieraj Westfall told NBC that Nordegren approached the magazine about an interview.
Reid Cherner has been with USA TODAY since 1982 and written Game On! since March 2008.
He has covered everything from high schools to horse racing to the college and the pros. The only thing he likes more than his own voice is the sound of readers telling him when he's right and wrong.
Michael Hiestand has covered sports media and marketing for USA TODAY, tackling the sports biz ranging from what's behind mega-events such as the Olympics and Super Bowl to the sometimes-hidden numbers behind the sports world's bottom line.


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Higher Power: Strategic Capacity for State and National Organizing
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/10685
Higher Power: Strategic Capacity for State and National Organizing
Wood, Richard L.
This chapter studies an organizing effort of the PICO National Network, which organizes in poor, working-class, and middle-class neighborhoods in the United States, mostly in urban areas. PICO engages in "faith-based community organizing" to generate democratic pressure to advance the interests of its nonelite, highly multiracial participants. The research reported here goes beyond other studies of grassroots organizing through its focus on efforts to influence policymaking on health care, public safety, education, immigrant rights, and housing at the state and national levels.
University of Kansas Press
Richard L. Wood. 2007. "Higher Power: Strategic Capacity for State and National Organizing," in Transforming the City: Community Organizing and the Challenge of Political Change, edited by Marion Orr; Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press: pp. 162-192.
religious communities
community organizing
community organizing


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Become A Traeger Ambassador
Share your Traeger stories on social media and gain exclusive access to gear, content, and experiences.Apply Now
Since its humble start in the 1990's, Traeger Wood Pellet Grills have been the outdoor cooking choice of food enthusiasts. As people began to taste the food cooked on a Traeger, word spread about the unique flavors only Traeger natural wood fired pellets can provide.
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|Patriots Look Poised For Another Super Bowl Run
|Bruins Trade For Drew Stafford
|Black and Gold Bruins Turn Yellow On Parade Day
|Inconsistency Will Continue For Bruins Unless A Change Is Made
"How about the B's, man? Back from the dead," I emphatically began to tell my buddy Matt. "Definitely going to write abo—," I slowly stopped short and noticed Matt's glaring eyes. He quickly interjected, "No! Don't, ya–ya- can't write about it."
Admittedly, I don't bleed black and gold (or is it yellow?) as much as I bleed Celtic green or venerate the Flying Elvis, but I understood where Matt was coming from. Bruins' fans, and rightfully so, act somewhere between Red Sox fans before 2004 and Russell Crowe's character in A Beautiful Mind. Without inundating you with details, it has something to do with lack of success coupled with excruciating playoff defeats in recent years. And by excruciating playoff defeats, I mean Game 7 losses — 3 years in a row.
So, when I texted Matt hours before Game 7 against the Montreal Canadiens to ask his feelings pertinent to the contest, I wasn't surprised when he responded:
"I just think it's going to be a good game. That's all I'm going to say."
That was not enough, though. "Are you nervous, scarred, pissed, or excited?"
"Just anxious."
Matt, along with the rest of the fans in the Hub, was anxious. Not good anxious. This wasn't the type of anxious you feel when you and your buddies are slowly ascending the "Superman" ride at 6 Flags. This was the feeling you get as you take the precipitous fall down that first drop — only for 60 minutes, and there's the fear you could actually fall out of your seat.
This feeling is justified. The Bruins and fans haven't experienced success in what feels like an eternity. Meanwhile, each of the other 3 major sports franchises in Boston have a championship in the last decade. The Bruins are the designated driver, while everyone else is getting wasted and euphoric. That gets very old. Very quickly. Consequently, fans watch playoff games like they're watching an installment of the Saw series. They look on, in horror, and bad things seem to inevitably happen at the most inopportune time.
I saw die-hard B's fans become despondent after dropping the first two games of the Habs series at home. Then I observed, and participated, in the jovial renaissance as the Bruins took the next two games in Montreal. Once the Bruins took the series lead in Game 5, I screamed to my friends, "We're back! We're backkkkkk," as they, in turn, yelled back "We're soooo back," a la Bradley Cooper in The Hangover. The only thing missing was a friend saying, "And we're the three best friends that anyone could ever have!"
Then, the Bruins lost Game 6 up in Canada. At the time, I thought back to The Hangover. That's what the Bruins were — Cam Neeley was Cooper, Peter Chiarelli was Ed Helms, and Claude Julien was Zac Galifianakis — as they went from being ecstatic to an almost new low following
the clarification that 'Doug' was Mike Epps Game 6.
(Quick Note: If you are wondering, the answer is yes: It is a valid concern that I just compared the Bruins coach to a character in a movie who may or may not have mental issues.)
And after all of that, from Matt acting as if I was a soothsayer by the thought of writing about the B's improbable comeback….down to Thursday night's epic win, you know what?
I'm jealous.
I'm jealous because, to some extent, I miss that feeble mindset. I miss not knowing who to trust. I miss before Doc became a savant at drawing up key inbound plays. Or before Tito became a sure-handed guy, who managed persona's like Steve Jobs manages Apple. And finally, before Bill Bellichik became Bill effing Bellichik. That consternation is long gone.
That's not to say I missed this run. I've been on the bandwagon since back in the 2008 playoffs when a couple nobodies, named Chara and Lucic, on the 8th seeded Bruins gave the top-seeded Canadiens an extremely competitive series. But since the lockout, earlier this decade, the NHL grew weary on me. This is probably due to me not being able to locate Versus on my cable box, but that's not the point. The point is with the other teams, it feels different. I still care and follow their coverage beyond any normal person's standards, but when they fail I don't get that same "Superman ride" feeling. Instead I feel like I just watched a great movie with a bad ending, like Inception or something. Subsequently, I end up over-thinking the whole ordeal, and eventually move on.
But with the Bruins…thinking about the games, what could have been, or in this season's case – thinking of what could STILL be – it's like watching Inception only the upshot is keeping me up all-night while goggling other people's interpretation of what just trainspired. So I notion to Bruins fans, to simply enjoy it. Enjoy the ride. Remember the highs, but never forget the lows. Because in the end, the 'lows' make the 'highs' feel that much more worth it.
Tags: Cam Neely, Claude Julien, Game 7, Montreal Canadiens, Peter Chiarelli
I was especially not amused by Bergeron's high sticking penalty with less than three minutes left in the game. Bergeron hit Wisniewski twice in the back with his stick while skating behind him. That penalty gave the Canadiens a power play and allowed them to tie the game and send it into overtime. Was Bergeron deliberately trying to throw the series, or does Montreal have some kind of secret weapon that allowed them to take over his brain?
I was even less amused with Subban's acting ability when he took a dive reminiscent of something out of a soccer game to draw the penalty on the Bruins (I forget which player). He was giggling about it moments later.
I don't remember that one. The only penalties against Boston listed in the box score at http://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/boxscore?gid=2011042701 are:
1st Period
8:22 Boston hooking 2 min M. Ryder drawn by T. Plekanec
16:02 Boston elbowing 2 min S. Thornton drawn by R. White
2nd Period
18:12 Boston boarding 2 min J. Boychuk drawn by J. Halpern
3rd Period
17:23 Boston high-sticking 2 min P. Bergeron drawn by J. Wisniewski
How does everyone feel about PK? Great talent, sort of like Noah though. Love him if he's on your side, hate him if not..


text:
As seen on The New York Times' Freakonomics blog, ESPN.com's True Hoop, and Slate.com.
"In Stumbling on Wins, sports economists Berri (Southern Utah Univ.) and Schmidt (College of William and Mary) follow up their The Wages of Wins (with Stacey Brook, CH, Jan'07, 44-2764) with more modeling and number-crunching applications. The holy grail remains the same: understanding and improving decision making on the court, field, and ice and in the front offices of North American professional team sports. Summing Up: Recommended. Sports and sports economics collections at all levels. Reprinted with permission from CHOICE, copyright by the American Library Association.


text:
Hey guys, this is a new feature I'm running it's a 100 word review. The name is pretty self explanatory but most of the times I will do these reviews I will have some more blogs which look more in depth at the game I'll be reviewing, I'll put the links at the bottom of the blog. So here's my 100 word review of A Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds.
This game looks amazing and you need to play it in 3D, it sounds great as well. The world isn't huge but is full of things to do and find. Street-pass is also used well. The story is really good but I'd like more character development. Renting items from Ravio is great and makes death more meaningful. Furthermore doing the dungeons in any order is awesome. Having the right equipment from the beginning makes the dungeons more concentrated puzzle wise, just make them longer. Links new ability makes the game for me. This game gets a 9.8 out of 10
If you want to check out my previous blogs on the Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds click below:
- http://www.ign.com/blogs/bluefox2000/2013/11/21/blog-4-my-top-5-things-i-want-to-see-in-the-legend-of-zelda-a-link-between-worlds
- http://www.ign.com/blogs/bluefox2000/2013/12/09/blog-6-my-top-5-things-i-want-to-see-in-the-legend-of-zelda-a-link-between-worlds-answered
- http://www.ign.com/blogs/bluefox2000/2013/12/19/blog-8-the-legend-of-zelda-a-link-between-worlds-camera-trick
Remember to say what you think of The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds in the comments below. Also if you liked what you read please hit that follow button.
Until next time


text:
Meaning of "butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth" in the English Dictionary
(Definition of "butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
- butter
- butter bean
- butter sb up
- butter up someone
- butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth idiom
- buttercream
- buttercup
- butterfingers
- butterflies in your stomach idiom
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
Word of the Day
someone who studies astronomy


text:
Is there a new baby in the house? That's good news in many ways, because the chip off the old block also will allow you to chip away at some of the income taxes you owe.
A growing family makes you eligible for a variety of tax savings. They include an additional exemption, credits such as the child tax credit and the child- and dependent-care credit. To a lesser degree of effectiveness, you can also reduce taxes by shifting income to a youngster.
While the added family member usually is a child, you could claim a parent or even an unrelated person as long as he or she meets all of the following five tax dependency rules:
So, if the newest addition to your household passes all of these tests, then you've got another exemption. Just be sure to provide the dependent's Social Security number.
Bankrate's Tax Basics on credits discusses these breaks in more detail, but the ones you'll be most likely to qualify for once little Jimmy or Janie arrives are the child tax credit, the additional-child tax credit, and the child- and dependent-care credit.
Adoptive parents also may be able to claim a credit on their federal income tax return for qualified adoption expenses.
Bankrate wants to hear from you and encourages thoughtful and constructive comments. We ask that you stay focused on the story topic, respect other people's opinions, and avoid profanity, offensive statements, illegal contents and advertisement posts. Comments are not reviewed before they are posted. Bankrate reserves the right (but is not obligated) to edit or delete your comments. Please avoid posting private or confidential information, and also keep in mind that anything you post may be disclosed, published, transmitted or reused. We do not permit the inclusion of hyperlinks in comments and may remove any comment that includes a hyperlink.
By submitting a post, you agree to be bound by Bankrate's terms of use. Please refer to Bankrate's privacy policy for more information regarding Bankrate's privacy practices.


text:
Download the Stolen Childhoods Video video
Hugh McGowan (HM): I was one of the ones selected to go. There was a number of tests. There was medical for a start, to make sure that you're healthy enough. There was an IQ test. They wanted you to be above average, because you were going out to Australia. You were representing Scotland.
I went to Mr Mack, and I said, Mr Mack, I don't think I want to go to Australia. And he just said, too bad, you're going. And that was it.
Michael Harvey (MH): We were told that our parents were killed during the war. I just hated the place. I hated the atmosphere. I just hated the country. I hated it. It was miserable, cold, and it was just - we, I lived in an atmosphere of fear. I just wanted to get out and go somewhere as it were.
Sandra Anker (SA): I was taken out and taken into London and told that I was going to be sent to South Africa to join my cousins in South Africa. When the ship berthed in Melbourne, I was told that I was to get off. And I just keep saying, no, no, I'm not. I'm going to South Africa to visit my family. I was taken to a cottage where there were 12 other children.
So I waited quietly. Very quietly, because this was all going on around me, and I didn't know what was going on. And I waited for someone to come and collect me and put me in the right place, but of course, it never happened. And so you have to toughen up and become part of the orphanage scene.
We were disciplined, and some of the discipline could be really, really cruel. When I say that, the strap was common practise. Standing in a corner in the dark for a long, long period on your own of a night time, if you talked in bed was terrible. Not kind. And there were many things seen as the norm in those days, which would have an effect on you for the rest of your life.
(MH): We were playing a football match, an Aussie Rules football match. My brother was playing in one of the teams. I'm not exactly sure who he was playing for anyway. But he started to abuse one of the brothers or dispute, I don't say abuse, dispute the brother about certain decisions. Anyway, what happened was, this particular brother ended up kicking him and bashing him all over the field. And that really tore me to pieces and he just kicked and bashed him, kicked and bashed him.
(HM): It was the first time that I experienced sexual abuse by an adult. I didn't know. I was too scared to say to anyone that I had been attacked by this bloke. And I - I just, I find it - Enough. Find a different thing to talk about.
(MH): When I got married, that was the most frightening day of my life, because I had the impatience of a snake, and I had no tolerance whatsoever. I hated Christmas, even when I was married. It took me about 14 years to come to terms, because I was brought up in an atmosphere of - how can I put it - paternal ignorance.
And I was full of anger, full of despair, frustration. I had to cope with a family, and that was just beyond me capabilities at the time.
(HM): I say, people didn't understand me, but I think, also, I didn't understand them. I'd never come from a family home. I had live in a - I had lived in family homes here and there, but I was always the hanger on, the outsider. I don't blame the people that I worked with. I blame both our inabilities to communicate at the same level.
I was being labelled a problem because a culmination, again, I didn't understand what they were talking about, and they didn't understand me. They're dealing with someone who didn't have anyone to support them, and that's hard. That makes it very difficult for me, but also I recognise that it makes it difficult for them to.
(MH): Always in the back of my mind was when we first found Mum, was whether she would accept or reject us. We had a two way hook up here, a three way hook up here. My brother and Margaret Humphreys in Perth with my mother. Regarding our mother, and the first word she said to us was I want my boys home. That floored me. That absolutely floored me.
In her circumstances, it was just absolutely - she was in a situation where she couldn't cope, and she put us in the orphanage. And, from words with mum, when I first met mum, the first thing that she said to us later on when I got to speak to her privately was the fact that she thought that we were adopted out to a rich Australian family. I wouldn't know what a family was about anyway.
But it took me probably about a couple of weeks before I started to warm to her. You haven't seen your mother for over 50 years. It's pretty hard to sort with people coming and saying, oh, you found your mother, great. But when you built up this wall that she's dead, and she's been away for so long, you just adapt to that condition. And you just carry on with life.
It wasn't a simple process. It was a gradual process. So I cherish the moments. They are precious moments to me, because I was fortunate in the sense that I met her. And to have seven weeks out of over 50 years, where some fellows, the migrants who came out and had parents and never had the chance to meet them for circumstances beyond their control, that's the hard part.
It made me think, it's not about me only. There are other people who were hurt.
(SA): I was impressed with Kevin Rudd, our Prime Minister at the time, for having the fortitude and guts to publicly apologise. It meant a lot, because that's accepting what has happened as the truth, and the harm and the pain that had been caused to so many children from abuse in orphanages. So that was really very, very good.
(MH): I had the pleasure of sitting up in the House of Commons. I'm sitting there and I thought to myself, you know, I'm part of history here. I'm sitting probably in the very same seat that some of these politicians made decisions about our futures. To be able to walk into that house and not think, after 60, 50 odd years, that the chicken's come home to roost.
One of its own children, lost children, comes home. Here we are righting a wrong that happened so many years ago. And I, as a victim have the humble pleasure of sitting there where decisions were made that ruined many a life. It was certainly a great honour, and a privilege to come. And it's certainly one of those moments in my life time I will never forget.
(HM): You hear people say, not all of the institutions were that bad. Some of the kids were treated very well, and I say, yes, that's true. But there's something that they all miss out on, and it was simply not available. Most children, it is available. And that's love. That's the love of a family, and love from people who are raising you.
We didn't get love. There was no such thing. They couldn't afford to give love. I still struggle with the understanding of what it is, because I never got it. And I was never able to give it. I could never share. I could never say to someone, I love you, because it just wasn't there. You didn't. Yeah there was no point.
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El Diablo
As with so many classic cocktails, El Diablo's provenance is hard to pin down. Some say it was created in the 1940s by an unidentified bartender in California. One verifiable fact: It appeared in the 1947 Trader Vic's Bartender's Guide as the Mexican El Diablo and was one of the first tequila drinks.
Slideshow: More Terrific Tequila Cocktails
- Servings: Makes 1 Drink
- Ice
- 1 1/2 ounces blanco tequila
- 1/2 ounce crème de cassis (black-currant liqueur)
- 3 ounces chilled ginger beer
- 1/2 ounce fresh lime juice
- 1 lime wheel, for garnish
How to make this recipe
Fill a chilled collins glass with ice. Add all of the remaining ingredients except the garnish and stir well. Garnish the drink with the lime wheel.
Contributed By Sean Kenyon


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To better understand credit repair, one might ask the question "Is it possible"? The answer is "Yes". It is also helpful to understand that there are legal ways to improve your credit score. Credit Repair consists of removing questionable items on a credit report through many methods.
All credit reports contain errors and inaccurate information (Yes that is true, I have yet to see a report that is 100% accurate). These inaccuracies can be costing you hundreds or even thousands of dollars each year because of a low credit score.
Why bother to improve your credit score? Few things in life can have such a dramatic effect on your financial and emotional well-being. What matters to the credit bureaus and should to you, is whether the information was reported according to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and if you are in a collection situation is the collector complying with the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA).
Fixing problems on credit reports is a lot like yard work. Sure, you could do it yourself, but you are a lot better off having a professional handle it for you. Easy Credit Relief will start by talking over and listening to you and go over your personal report. Then we will create a plan that you can feel good about. Sometimes all that is needed is to talk to the right person or know where to place the right call.
After going through our process, you will see that your credit score has increased, that you can feel good about all of the money you are saving and to brag to your friends how high your score is.
We are licensed, bonded and comply with the Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA). Our credit and debt programs are widely regarded as the most reliable and effective anywhere today. You are not alone anymore and you have a plan of action. Request a consultation today.