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Computer Games Development (Art) MAAnglia Ruskin University
En Cambridge (Inglaterra)
£ 6.100 - (6.947 €)
Información importante
- Master
- Cambridge (Inglaterra)
- Duración:
12 Months
- Cuándo:
Octubre 2017
¿Qué aprendes en este curso?
3d design
3d image
Creative techniques
3d art
Design techniques
3d animation
3D Studio Animation
Animation Software
Cartoon Animation
Digital Animation
Virtual Reality
Visual Simulation
Art design
Team Training
Project Proposal
IT Development
Skills and Training
Computer Games Development
Core modules
- Process and Practice as ResearchYou will engage with the relationship between research and production. In particular you will explore the process of designing a research project for Art and Design students at Masters level. Lectures and seminars will introduce you to methodology, ethics and exemplars of research methods from a broad range of art and design disciplines. The specifics of designing a research project, such as dealing with failure and evaluating success, will be considered as fundamental aspects of research design. Lectures and seminars will be delivered on a cross-school platform and you will begin to consider alternative paradigms of practice and engage with ideas from outside your own discipline. Using the initial lectures as a starting point, you will be asked to design and undertake a practice-based, self-contained pilot project which tests the scope and limits of a specific research method or methods. Through the research design process you will write a proposal, identify milestones, deliver an outcome and evaluate your pilot project. In group critiques and tutorials within a specialist subject area, you will discuss and support the ongoing progress of each other's pilot projects.
- Games Development 1Games development is a multidisciplinary endeavour, requiring input from artists, audio technicians, programmers and designers, to produce an entertaining, polished product. On this module you will apply your existing skills to complex inter-disciplinary projects, testing games design theory in a developmental framework that will allow you to collaboratively plan successive games projects. In the process, you will gain hands-on experience of how your particular discipline relates to the demands and requirements of professional games development. Rapid project prototyping will lead you to critically evaluate and assess the games design and highlight areas that you could improve in the development process. Your final assessment will take the form of completed game development projects and your critical report, which will provide a reflective commentary of your development process, a contextual analysis and an evaluation of your projects.
- Games Development 2In this module, you will plan and develop a games project that focuses on creating an innovative games experience. You will be encouraged to focus on engaging player experiences, not necessarily limited to traditional video game platforms. You will be challenged to develop projects with a target platform, audience and reward strategy in mind, and to reflect professional, legal and ethical issues in your game design. The projects you will undertake can either be a complete game development project, or an experimental prototype for the exploration of new ideas, which you can potentially continue in your Major Project. You will collaboratively construct a schedule of development that considers the prioritising of the various skillsets, thus developing your project management and time management skills. You will also work collaboratively, ensuring that you plan and develop the project in consideration of the demands and influences of other team members' subject specialisms. Your formative assessment will take place at several stages within the module: (i) at pitching sessions; (ii) in two peer assessment sessions; (iii) in one-to-one tutorials. Your summative assessment will take the form of a game development project and a critical report on your game project that includes an analysis of your development process and project in relation to industry practice.
- Digital Arts - Experimental PracticeOn this module you will create and develop a body of work related to your chosen area of computer games and undertake a learning programme to gain the skills you need for further study on the course. You will collate a sustained body of self-directed visual and technical research, supported by supervisory tutorials, peer group learning and seminars, and complete a statement of intent that will inform your programme of practice-based enquiry, supported by theoretical research. Through direct experimental research, you will test and develop the ideas outlined in your statement of intent, with the specific content and mode of work being dependent on the research direction of your individual project proposal. Your work will be analysed in the context of your specific field of research, which you will be asked to evaluate in relation to current digital art practice. You will be supported by seminars on particular technologies relevant to student project topics, as well as contextual issues relevant to the computer games industry. Weekly computing laboratory sessions will also guide and monitor your progress, with an emphasis on supporting appropriate learning activities rather than delivering content. Your assessment will be based on the research, process, documentation, implementation and evaluation of the work outlined in your project proposal. Where group work is specified, your individual contributions will be assessed separately. You will be encouraged to adopt a professional and real world approach, allowing you to undertake work for third party clients and practitioners of the industry, agreed on with your module tutor.
- Master's Project: Art and DesignThe Masters Project represents the culmination of your learning on the programme, and giving you the opportunity to develop and resolve a major area of enquiry. This is a self-directed visual project negotiated with the staff team and peers. You'll need to negotiate, manage, co-ordinate and bring to successful conclusion a complex, practice-based project within your field of art, media or design. You'll start by formally presenting your research proposal to staff and peers, and will be expected to build on your previous modules to identify a complex area for investigation and enquiry, as well as research methods appropriate to the project. Following negotiation with staff, peers and, where appropriate, outside agencies, you'll then submit a written research proposal. Your project may involve external engagement alongside a personal exploration of themes and concepts in your specialist field. You'll need to show your ability to innovate, think strategically and be sensitive to changing cultural and social climates. You'll be assessed by portfolio (a body of work comprising a written project proposal, and developmental and final visual work) and a 1200-word reflective commentary. This commentary will specifically outline the methodological and ethical considerations relevant to your portfolio work, and evaluate your final visual work.
You'll show your progress through a combination of written and practical work, carried out individually and as part of a team.
Información adicional
Course fees:
UK & EU students, 2016/17 (per year) £6,100
UK & EU students, 2016/17 (per year part time) £3,050
International students, 2016/17 (per year) £11,700
Course duration: 12 months full-time, 24 months part-time.
UK & EU students, 2016/17 (per year) £6,100
UK & EU students, 2016/17 (per year part time) £3,050
International students, 2016/17 (per year) £11,700
Course duration: 12 months full-time, 24 months part-time.
¿Ves algo que no te cuadra con este curso? Infórmanos y ayudarás a otros usuarios como tú.


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Amazon's Alexa Wants to Spend More Time With You
The special things you can do with Amazon Echo's newest device siblings
Amazon just announced the availability of two new products. The Amazon Tap and the Echo Dot. These two new devices expand the Alexa family in an effort to fully control your home and cater to your needs no matter where you live, work or play.
The Tap, named after its tap-to-use, on-call abilities is an Alexa-enabled portable Bluetooth and Wi-Fi speaker that gives you rich, full-range sound.
It can do a whole lot and is easy to travel with. Here are two things you can do with it:
Maximize Portability
The Tap can be taken anywhere as it easily fits in your bag, or can be carried via strap.
Try Different Placements
The swirl accessory on top lets you hang in the kitchen while you cook or wherever else you may choose.
Meanwhile, the Echo Dot is a slimmed-down version of the Echo. With this new product, Amazon frees you from the tyranny of the Echo's built-in speaker. The Dot you can directly connect to your own speakers with an audio cable or via Bluetooth; this extends the functionality of your home entertainment system because it adds voice control to your home stereo system.
Here are two things you can do with this smaller brother of the Echo:
Enjoy Higher Quality Sound
The Dot can hook up to your own personal speaker system using Bluetooth or an auxiliary plugin.
Use the Smart Alarm
Add more control to your home and sync it up with your smart lights. Use the Echo Dot puck if you choose to keep your other device in the living room.
At the moment, The Dot must be ordered through an Alexa interface and is only for Amazon Prime members. So you can only get it if you have an Echo already, or use Amazon Fire TV, which also uses the Alexa brain.

subset: commoncrawl


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Our Home Hospital service enables you to receive hospital-level care in the comfort and privacy of your own home.
Our team consists of experienced medical practitioners, nurse practitioners and nurses who work together to provided high-level acute care, normally provided in a hospital or Emergency Department. Our Home Hospital service enables you to avoid a hospital visit and remain at home, where familiar comforts, lower stress levels and the presence of family or loved ones will all help contribute to a speedier recovery.
Our Home Hospital service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week to treat a wide range of conditions that would otherwise require hospitalisation.
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As well as receiving hospital-level medical and nursing care at home, you can also receive personal care and domestic assistance if required on a short-term basis to support your recovery at home.
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Referring a patient is easy. Find out about eligiblity and how to refer to Home Hospital
The level of Home Hospital care is first class.
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The level of Home Hospital care is first class.
Silver Chain Home Hospital


text:
Adjustable Snap Disc Fan Control
Average Rating: 4
Purchase at Amazon here:
Adjustable Snap Disc Fan Control
|Snap Disc Control
|Adjustable Fan
|Switch Action
|Close on Rise
|Switch Type
|Temp. Range (F)
|90 To 130
|Element Type
|Height (In.)
|1 1/2
|Width (In.)
|1 3/4
|Depth (In.)
|Fan On Temp. (F)
|90 to 130
|Fan Off Temp. (F)
|70 to 110
|Inductive Amps @ 120V
|Inductive Amps @ 240V
|Pilot Duty Contacts (VA)
|Resistive Amps @ 120V
|Resistive Rating 240V
|Voltage Range
|120 to 240
The White Rodgers 3F05-1 Adjustable Snap Disc Fan Control features an adjustable set point and was designed for quick on-job replacement. SPST flanged airstream mount, close on rise, for regulation of fan or blower controls. Mounting holes match standard 3/4" snap discs.
Replaces a majority of fixed disc thermostats on heating equipment and various appliances.
Customer Reviews
Average Product Rating: 4based on 4 reviews
Doesn't workMonday, December 17, 2012
I was replacing a fan control on a garage heater. It had no numbers or letters to identify it and the company mover to China. So I ordered your control hoping it would work but it doesn't. Not your fault. I Think the control needs a lower temp than 90 %to work on my heater. Thanks
As AdvertisedTuesday, July 24, 2012
The differential was about 17F but it is definitely better than a fixed temp snap disc.
Male .250 disconnects should be available oriented 90 degrees
Our White RodgersTuesday, November 22, 2011
The product was just as described. We were able to install and adjust perfectly, even at an awkward angle.
It works
A unit with a 10 degree F differential would be a welcome addition to this line of snap discs.
Nice Switch That Works With TemperatureSaturday, June 12, 2010
There were no instructions included with this controller. Fortunately, I was replacing a similar item with is one. Make sure you connect either the two black wires to each terminal OR the white wires to each terminal. The remaining black or white wires should be tied together and capped. The other aspect is the disc in back is too big to protrude through a standard stamp out in the box, like the previous version of this product did that was replaced. So I made a mount for it in the box - a lot of extra work. But the device functions well with the temperature at which you want your fan to turn on, like I have it installed for my attic vent fan.
Low cost and functions
Mounting in box and connection to wires


text:
If Maxime Boutin wasn't familiar to the McMaster Marauders before Friday night's Vanier Cup game at Rogers Centre they certainly are aware of him now.
Not even a starter for the Quebec champions two weeks ago, injuries thrust the Quebec City native into a starting role for the Laval Rouge et Or – and you could say he has ran with it.
Boutin was the star in Laval's 37-14 dismantling of the top-seeded and defending champion Marauders, carrying the ball 24 times for 253 yards and two touchdowns.
His effort was the third-best rushing performance in Vanier Cup history and just seven yards shy of the record of 260 yards set in 1983 by Tim Petrose of the University of Calgary.
Boutin's achievement comes on the heels of a 213-yard rushing effort in last week's Uteck Bowl national semi-final against Acadia.
Boutin also caught one pass for 22 yards and returned a punt for 12 more giving him 287 all-purpose yards, the third highest total in Vanier Cup history.
Needless to say, Boutin was named the most valuable player of the Vanier Cup.
"When he got the edge the angles got worse and worse, and he made some big plays," McMaster coach Stefan Ptaszek said. "They controlled the line of scrimmage on both sides and it's tough to play football against a good team when they're beating you up inside."
"He's been clutch for us," said Laval coach Glen Constantin. "We have a motto, it's called Next Man Up. Our starting tailback went down, our second one went down.
"He's basically our third or fourth back and he's been outstanding. He took the opportunity and literally ran with the ball."
As big as Boutin was, another huge key to the game was the performance of the Laval defence, which harassed Kyle Quinlan, the star McMaster quarterback, at every moment.
The recipient of the Hec Crighton Trophy as the country's top player Thursday night, Quinlan was good on 25 of 40 passes for 335 yards, but was picked off twice and sacked seven times, a Laval team record.
After the game, the final one of his collegiate career, Quinlan walked off the field and refused all interview requests.
"He played a whale of a game," Ptaszek said. "He had no time, he was doing the best he could with what was in front of him."
The Rouge et Or were led by an economical outing from their own quarterback, Tristan Grenon, who was 11 of 25 for 234 yards and one touchdown.
Offensively, Laval finished with 605 yards in offence compared to 376 for McMaster.
It was an edgy game, a rematch of last year's Vanier Cup in Vancouver where McMaster won in double overtime, and there were several skirmishes during the contest.
"I don't think it's a secret we're not two teams that like each other very much," Grenon said. "We only meet each other once a year if we meet in the playoffs. It's what makes football special, games like this memorable."Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @Globe_Sports


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what are the colors for the braids? thanks! :cheers
Printable View
what are the colors for the braids? thanks! :cheers
Not very good reference on the ESB is there? My gut says black, but it's typically well hidden behind the gray and blonde braids. :(
i know that Julie has them listed as the looped braid is black...i am going to go with black...=)
This is the pic I used. the back sinew wraps are black so I would say that the hair is dark brown.
That pic is of a replica, though, and I wouldn't ever use another replica for reference. At best, it will be a replica of a replica (i.e. someone else's interpretation). And at worst it may be perpetuating a mistake. The Sideshow 1:1 bust is a perfect example. They have the MR pinch on the helmet because they replicated a replica.
No, always go with pictorial reference of the actual deal, even when it's not very good, and go with what you believe it looks like.
If I'm not wrong it's the Jeremey Bulloch suit.
Yes, I believe it is too.
Edit: I take that back. Since that has the Rebelscum stamp, I'm guessing it's Philip Wise's replica--very close to the replica made for Bulloch.
I thought it was the JB suit I see the stamp so which is it black or Dark brown? The wraps are visible right next to the hair and the hair isnt black so what to do go with top notch replica or guess at a color. what about this pic it has the wraps on
the braid next to it and they are black and the braid to me is dark brown. the pic is best viewed in the gallery where it will zoom and the resolution is better.


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Obama to make Reloading Illegal?
This is the first time that I ever started a thread here, so I hope that I am doing this right...This is from an OSINT site (open sourced Intelligence) that might be of interest to some.
Start of quote...
Re article below: I don't see what the fuss is all about.
No private party in America "manufactures" ammunition.....though a few may
"remanufacture" or "reload" it, which is a really slow process unless they
have a "progressive" or "powered" reloading press that can turn out
500-10,000 rounds per hour. Less than half of my friends have such machines
so it's no big deal.
No private party in America has more than 1/2 million primers, the most
critical reloading component.....though I do have a few friends who own, oh
say, 450,000 or so. Actually more than a few friends, now that I think about
No private party in America can rebuild used primers.....unless they know
how to remove the anvil from the cup and then flatten the firing pin indent
in the cup and then insert a new primer pellet composed of the carefully
scraped heads of "strike anywhere" matches that have been carefully
granulated and then soaked in water to turn into a paste and then inserted
into the rebuilt cup and covered by the straightened anvil and allowed to
dry completely, before being reinserted into the primer pocket of the used
brass cartridge case. Good thing that this is a secret process that nobody
No private party in America knows how to form new cartridge cases....unless
they have bought one of the books on that subject and they happen to have a
metal cup press or lathe handy, which of course, no one does. I'm sure that
none of the 195,000 commercial and home machine shops in America has any of
the requisite equipment.
No private party in America can equal the precision machining that the first
cartridge firearms manufacturers used on their first repeating firearms that
were built in the 1860's......unless they have machine shop experience
(almost unheard of unless they have worked in such places or know how to
read instruction books) and the metalworking machines you can buy off e-bay
or at freight salvage outlets for as little as a few hundred dollars.
No private party in America can make blackpowder.....like all of my friends
did when we were in high school, out of 3 common chemical components that
are widely available in many different formats.
No private party in America can possibly manufacture smokeless powder....the
modern high pressure kind that has been in widespread use since 1895 in
America, unless they are slightly adept at chemistry.
No private party in America can store smokeless powder for later use since
it deteriorates rapidly in storage.....unless you keep it cool and dry in an
airtight container. Even then, it may only last a hundred years or so, as
has the very first batch (1895) of smokeless powder ever manufactured in
America, and which is tested annually.....and it still works perfectly
reliably and it produces full design pressure.
No private party in America can possibly create cast lead bullets out of
wheelweights or fishing lures, car body lead, plumbers lead, or scrap
lead.....unless they are able to achieve 16th century levels of
technological sophistication in casting, which is nearly impossible.
No private party in America can create bullets out of copper, brass, bronze,
or iron rod stock by lathing it to the proper diameter to create a precise
fit in the barrel.....unless they have a lathe or mill and a micrometer of
some sort, which of course, no one has or knows how to use.
No private party in America has a bookshelf full of books describing the
technology and history of firearms and ammunition.....unless they are among
the 5 million most active shooters out of the 150 million firearms owners in
Not that I am recommending that anyone actually prepare for shortages or
purchase restrictions or anything, by buying lots of commercial ammo or ammo
components. I'm just pointing out why the Obama anti-self-defense campaign
might experience a few problems on their way to Big Left Nirvana.
I'm sure that the Obama Administration knows what is best for all of us and
they will be able, if anyone is, to reverse that age old statistical trend,
"GUN CONTROL INCREASES VIOLENT CRIME, by shifting the balance of power to
favor violent criminals, while it disarms helpless victims." Not that we
should go off on a tangent about citizen sovereignty or state-sponsored
internal genocides over the last century, against unarmed citizens. That
just may be a chance we will have to take in order to help Mexico with its
internal crime problem caused by their incompetence in policing. We should
be happy to give up our natural and Constitutional right of self-defense to
help our neighbors to the South. After all, they would do anything within
their power to help us, wouldn't they? Look at what a great job the are
doing on border control keeping their citizens from crossing the border!
Hmmmmm? Well, maybe that wasn't such a great example of helpfulness and
reciprocity, but I'm sure that someone can think of something that they
altruistically do for us.
-----Original Message-----
Sent: May 4, 2009 3:04 PM
Subject: "Illicit Representation"--Reloaders to become "illicit
Now about that 2nd Amendment BS.... "The treaty is already signed, we need
to get to work to stop ratification of this attack on the liberty of U.S.
Links at source.
Posted by BA Lawson
If you reload your own ammo you may find yourself engaged in "Illicit
Manufacturing" of ammunition under an arms control treaty that President
Obama started pushing last week in Mexico. The treaty itself is not new. It
was written back in the 90's and signed by President Clinton, but never
ratified by the U.S. senate. According to an AP article from Mexico City
last week "Administration officials say President Barack Obama will push for
Senate ratification of a Latin American arms trafficking treaty."
Virtually everyone that supports the 2nd ammendment or has an interest in
firearms has heard the numerous recent reports of ammunition shortages. The
shortages have extended to reloading supplies that many folks rely on to
keep their shooting costs down or to assemble exotic or hard to find
ammunition. Many shooters have considered reloading their own ammo as
insurance against limited supplies should legislation be enacted that would
make ammo more scarce or dramatically more expensive. Those thoughts may be
in vain if the current administration is successful in getting the
MATERIALS" treaty passed.
In previous reports on this treaty I have found no mention of the impact
that the treaty would have on ammo reloaders. The first definition under
Article 1 of the treaty states(emphasis added);
1. "Illicit manufacturing": the manufacture or assembly of firearms,
ammunition, explosives,
and other related materials:
a. from components or parts illicitly
trafficked; or
b. without a license from a competent
governmental authority of the State Party where the manufacture or assembly
takes place; or
c. without marking the firearms that require
marking at the time of manufacturing.
The section above clearly identifies ammo reloaders that are not licensed by
the government as "Illicit Manufacturers" of ammunition. Now that we have
reloaders properly labeled, lets move down to Article IV to see what we
should do with them(emphasis added);
Article IV
Legislative Measures
1. States
Parties that have not yet done so shall adopt the
necessary legislative or other measures to establish as criminal
offenses under their domestic law the illicit manufacturing of and
trafficking in firearms, ammunition,
explosives, and other related materials.
Again, this is pretty straightforward. If you reload ammunition without a
license after the treaty is signed you will be a criminal.
The administration has not done much to outline the impact of the treaty on
U.S. citizens. I wouldn't be too terribly shocked to find that Obama does
not have a plan for providing reloading licenses to all of the folks that
are currently reloading. There is no way to objectively look at this treaty
without seeing the underlying impact that it will have on the availability
of arms and ammunition to law abiding U.S. citizens.
If you are concerned about the continued erosion of our 2nd Amendment rights
please pass this information along. The treaty is already signed, we need to
get to work to stop ratification of this attack on the liberty of U.S.
|The Following 5 Users Say Thank You to bubba5603 For This Useful Post:
"No private party in America can possibly create cast lead bullets out of
wheelweights or fishing lures, car body lead, plumbers lead, or scrap
lead.....unless they are able to achieve 16th century levels of
technological sophistication in casting, which is nearly impossible."
I hope you were being sarcastic (I'll assume you were). Wheel weights make exellent bullets without sophiscated casting.
Any Treaty we sign with Mexico at this stage of the game should never be ratified by the Congress. Does anyone know when this comes before Congress?
Sometimes I read too fast to absorb. After re-reading the post I realize the error of my ways and your intent with the post. Right on!
The Constitution stands ABOVE ALL treaties.
|The Following 4 Users Say Thank You to SurvivalCop For This Useful Post:
I'm with ya Survivalcop. Seriously I doubt many states would follow suit and do what the treaty asks, and make reloading illegal. If the government makes gun owners choose between being criminals gun owners or non gun owners, I have the feeling that quite a few will choose to be gun owners.
We have seen time and time again that outlawing items that large groups do not want, is a straight path to problems. For instance prohibition, how many criminals were created, by a simple law that many thought was for the best. What's worse is these criminals that are created rarely turn back, and continue to breed more criminals.
Before the Obama bashing begins, can we get a more reliable source for these accusations? CNN? FOX? MSNBC? 9 times out of 10, the information turns out to be false.
I believe the portions of this treaty that were quoted are valid - this all came up a coupel or 3 months ago when the Mexico drug war BS was all the rage on the news. Here's the problem - This is only snippets of the full document and this proposed treaty relates to the manufacture AND trafficking of arms and munitions.
This is yet another example of fear mongering and US making OURSELVES paranoid.
Just to be clear though, there is a White House full of gun grabbers and they are just waiting for the time to strike - one more mass shooting, etc and they will have the public buying into their anti-2A propoganda.
I'm not sure a gunowners.org article is considered a valid source. The gunowners.org article is full of conjecture, sarcasm and hyperbole.
Hey, I am as pro-2A as anyone - NRA Member, CCW holder, and general gun-loving guy but... I'm not going to get caught up in this one and say the sky is falling (or reloading, modifing your gun, joining a gun club, etc, bla, bla, bla is all going to be outlawed).
Come on people, why spread hysteria. There are plenty of real and defined things to worry about. I don;t care for this treaty and pandering to Mexico either but let's not get carried away.
Ok, I'm off my soapbox now. :0
Straight from the U.S. Department of State:
This page goes back to 2002, but as mentioned, Clinton signed it, it just needs to be ratified by the Senate. With Obamalamadingdong in office, and his merry band of usurpers, there's a good chance that it can possibly happen.
|The Following User Says Thank You to Mad Dog For This Useful Post:
I appreciate the links that people have posted. All interesting to read. However, I still don't see anything that say that reloading ammunition or manufacturing firearms for personal use will be illegal.
Many people don't know it but you can manufacture and own, for your own personal use, your own non-serial numbered firearms with no registration, background check, etc. It is 100% legal if you are legal to own a firearm in the first place and the manufactured firearm doesn't violate state of federal laws for prohibited or controlled weapons.
You can accuse the government of being stupid all you want, but when they decide to take something away from the peons, they cover all bases.
Am I being optimistic? Not at all. But I'm not being pessimistic either. I am trying to be level headed and base my feelings and opinions on fact and reality. Somebody starts a thread asking if Obama is making reloading illegal, then there are comment after comment stating how this treaty will make reloading illegal.
I can't find ANYTHING based in fact that says reloading will be outlawed by this treaty. It states that the illicit manufacture and trafficking of ammo/weapons will be illegal... The way I read that is if you manufacture ammunition/weapons without a license and traffic that ammo outside of this country then you are illegal.
BTW, it is ALREADY illegal to manufacture ammo or weapons for the purpose of resale without a license.... From what I can see, this treaty expands that to include cooperation with other countries to deal with the trafficking of said items.
I don't like any laws, legislation, treaties, etc that in any way shape or form weakens my 2A rights.
I don't like this proposed treaty.
But, I'm not going to panic and read more into it than what it says.
We all talk about the "sheeple"... Well, if we buy into this hype what does that make us???
Sheeple can't think for themselves, I'd like to think those of us on here can think for ourselves and not buy into every conspiracy theory thrown our way because if we can't sort fact from fiction then we are no better off than all those other sheeple.
As a side note, some people don't have to option of building their own weapons at home. I'd love to build an HK91/G3 clone, but I lack the machinery necessary to bend the flat.
Sampson, believe it or not, I am in agreement with your way of thinking - I think we just differ on this particular issue - I don't believe it is likely to impact home reloaders and you are taking a more cautious approach.
BTW, this whole ammo and reloading supplies shortage caught me off guard too....
The problem in mexico is just that, a mexican problem. The mexican government should fix it. There is ALOT of underhanded stuff floating around at the moment, I try to stay in the know as much as I can. Sadly, ive heard nothing of this. Thanks for the info!
|The Following User Says Thank You to ceori For This Useful Post:
Wyo; I have to agree with you on this one. This was posted before and after reading what the actual treaty said over, and over, and over again I did not see anywhere where it was adding any additional laws. It only reaffirms current US laws, and many of the laws we have with other countries regarding arms/ammo importation and attempts to make all countries in this hemisphere follow them.
|The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to GoodOlFroathyOne For This Useful Post:
TV and mainstream media outlets are held accountable by a diverse viewer ship. Democrats keep Republicans in line and vice-versa. Rumors are debunked before they're put out there because popular news sources can't afford to have their names tarnished.
How many right wing websites and pundits perpetuated the false rumor that Obama was a muslim? How many cried out that Obama would reinstate the AWB on his first day in office? Sounds like a reliable source of news to me.
|The Following User Says Thank You to mrtoren For This Useful Post:
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Extra light on snowblower
Can you add a second light to a newer model 9 hp craftsman snowblower. If so would the snowblower still work properly and what suggestions would you have to do this.
I have never measured the voltage at the light fixture on a snow blower, but it should be easy enough to do. Once done, I would not be surprised to find lights that work with that voltage at a local hardware store. One consideration, however, is how much electrical capacity is in your snow blower electrical system. For this reason, I would be looking for LED lights, to minimize the additional current draw.
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Massage Chairs & Stools
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Massage chairs offer you many benefits. These chairs simulate the motions and techniques of professionals. Massage chairs alleviate stress, tension, and muscle pain. Soon you can enjoy the soothing movements of your own massage chair to use anytime you want!
- Massages can do wonders, yet hiring a masseuse can be expensive and time consuming. Why not enjoy the benefits of a massage on your own time?
- Massages increase blood flow. When good blood flow is facilitated, nutritional elements are better absorbed into your muscles and tissues. In addition, increasing circulation helps eliminate unwanted toxins more quickly. The massaged area becomes rejuvenated and feels great.
- Massages help facilitate flexibility. Muscles become relaxed and loosened, making your body feel better and preparing muscles for further development.
- A massage will enhance the production of your body's endorphins. Endorphins are chemicals, which increase the feeling of your well being. Furthermore, production of endorphins has been associated with quicker recoveries, reduced body pains, and less anxiety.
- Massage chairs offer convenience and privacy. You may not have the time to engage in regularly-scheduled massages, or you may not feel comfortable receiving a massage from a stranger. Massage chairs can be accessed at any time while you're relaxing in the convenience and privacy of your own home.


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BrakeBest Heavy Duty offers a wide variety of quality, new and remanufactured air brake and trailer electrical parts. Each part is designed to meet or exceed OE specifications and provide the same fit, form, and function of the OE part.
Agriculture/HD Parts & Accessories
- Air Brake Hose Assemblies
- Air Suspension Valves
- Eaton 15" Brake Shoes
- Eaton 16.5" Brake Shoes
- Electrical Products
- Fifth Wheel Accessories
- Gladhands, Accessories & Quick Release Valves
- HD Truck ABS Speed Sensors
- HD Truck Air Brake & Check Valves
- HD Truck Air Brake Compressors, Tanks & Products
- HD Truck Air Dryers & Accessories


text: I have a severely underused GAMO. I like it alot, but don't feel like shooting it when I go to the range (like my other toys that give me a louder bang) and recently found out it was a no-no to shoot in the vacant area outside our subdivision. (Yes I was being safe, I just learned that I have to be something like1/4 mile from any structure to shoot a firearm and they classify my pellet gun as a firearm for this purpose.) 1,100fps is pretty cool from a pellet gun though.


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|Price incl. VAT
|Price excl. VAT
|Extended warranty + 1 year £12.83 Extended warranty + 1 year
The new generation of the original keyboard to the tablet Microsoft Surface Pro 3 or 4 deliver precise processing of high quality materials and stunning, clean design.
The new generation of the original keyboard to the tablet Microsoft Surface Pro 3 or 4 deliver precise processing of high quality materials and stunning, clean design. Offers great experience of writing, wherever you are - thanks to their low weight and thickness of unprecedented numbering only a few millimeters, is also acts as a cover for your tablet. However, it excels all the characteristics of a physical keyboard to a desktop computer, such as a comfortable layout with adequate spacing between the keys.
With a sophisticated mounting on a strong magnet, which is also a connector for data transfer, do not bother looking for cables or adjustment via Bluetooth or other wireless technologies. Just one movement take hold in a split second is a full-featured tablet laptop with a keyboard and touchpad.
Fold the keyboard on the back of the tablet as a magazine page, and then you have the portrait reader. Without the need to disconnect anything. The keyboard is not necessary or too hard to turn off, does it for you at the time of rollover. When you decide to quit work, just turn the keyboard as a wrap overlay screen tablet that turns itself off. It could not be simpler.
Microsoft is a multinational corporation based in the United States. Microsoft products have had an indelible influence on our perception of virtual worlds since 1975, when Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded the company. The company is best known for its peerless software, including Windows OS and the universally used Microsoft Office suite. The company is gradually becoming more active in hardware as well - for example, with Xbox gaming consoles and Lumia mobile phones.
Unless otherwise indicated, keyboards are equipped with CZ keys.
Specifications can be changed without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Retail Price (MSRP) means the manufacturer's/supplier's suggested retail price.
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review


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6 Things I Learned Rafting the Kicking Horse River
A white shuttle bus pulled in front of the doors of the SameSun Hostel in Banff. The doors clunked open. "Hello mate, ready for some rafting?" – Banff has got to be one of the only places in Canada where it's totally normal to be greeted by an Aussie. We laughed and replied with a quasi-enthusiastic "Yea". It was early morning after all and whiskey showed up on the menu last night. Candice and I boarded the bus and took our seats. In just over an hour and a half we'd find ourselves rafting with Hydra River Guides on the Kicking Horse River. Little did I know how many random facts I'd be learning while experiencing some Class 4 rapids.
1. River obstacles must be named something funny or terrifying.
With names like "Rollercoaster", and "Goat 2", its typically safe to assume that those rapids will likely be pretty fun, but also not very murderous. On the opposite end of that stick are the insane names. Take "Terminator Hole" for example. This particular rapid has the ability to suck you under and keep you under. For good. Most Hydra River Guides would advise avoiding that particular rapid. Then there's always "ShotGun" – a Class 4 rapid that will literally shotgun you through it (mostly out of control), the only thing you can do is hold on and hope for the best. The nomenclature behind these rapids makes for a perfect mix of fun & fear. Which makes conquering them all the more enjoyable.
Photo by Candice Walsh
2. Bison Burgers are delightful
The Bison Burgers that were barbecued up for our group absolutely rocked. The ladies at Banff Adventures Unlimited ensured we give them a try. Bison Burgers are like super burgers. They have less fat, more protein, and are incredibly awesome with sauteed onions, lettuce ,tomatoes, and pickles. It may not be the most vegan meal (however, they did have vegetarian burgers should you have morals, or a better diet than me), but honestly, who's going to pass up eating a cousin of an almost extinct animal. Can someone say "Bragging Rights"?
3. Sucked Under? No problem!
Ever since I was a kid one of my biggest fears was being sucked underwater and being held underwater by the constant pushing of flow above me. Back when I lived in Saskatoon, SK I told my parents I wanted to swim down the river and go down the little Gardiner Dam in the South Saskatchewan River. I would have been maybe 5 or 6. They said that wouldn't be smart, as I would be all sorts of dead. It must have stuck, as it still freaks me out a bit.
Fortunately the Hydra River Guides explained how to get out of this sticky situation, should we ever have the misfortune of getting ourselves into this little pickle.
Step one – Curl up in a ball and wait 10 seconds. If you don't get pushed out go to step two.
Step two – Spread out into a starfish and wait 10 seconds. If you don't get pushed out go to step three.
Step three – Repeat Step 1 and 2 until you escape. Or drown.
4. James Hectar Was Sort Of A Zombie
So back in the day this James Hectar fellow was trekking around this river looking for new routes for the Canadian Pacific Railway and collecting plant species with his buddy slash commander John Palliser and a few native guides. On one unfortunate day he was kicked in the chest by his horse while trying to cross the river and was knocked unconscious.
Medicine wasn't so good back then, so they chalked him up as dead. As they were burying him he awoke from his coma, and freaked everybody out. The natives then named the river Kicking Horse River after James Hectars' return from the dead.
Photo by Glenn Miller
5. Hoodoos are some freaky things
During one of the few slower parts of the Kicking Horse River, our Hydra Guide pointed out some Hoodoo formations. These bad boys were formed over hundreds of years. The wind and rain erodes the sand but the roots of the trees above the sand keep part of the sand intact. Once they get pronounced enough they'll start "Hoo-ing" as strong winds blow through them. In the old days, Native Americans would detour for hundreds of miles to avoid Hoodoos as they were thought to container evil spirits.
7. You don't have to be insane to go white water rafting
Sitting down after being given the safety instructions can be daunting. For some people in our group they looked visibly nervous. Jumping up and down, shivering hands, trying their best to surpress their fears with laughter. We had a wide variety of people rafting with us today. A family of 5 with several guys in their 15's and 16's, an elderly couple, a group of friends from ireland with an age range of 30-50, and several solo female travellers. Then there was Candice and I, each in our young(er) twenties. People from all walks of life were joining in on the fun. Not because they wanted to die, but because they wanted to live while they still could. For some it was the adrenaline, for others it was a bucket list. People do crazy things for all sorts of reasons, questioning any of those reasons would be selfish.
Fact of the matter is, everyone felt comfortable enough with our guides and with the safety precautions that were being taken that nobody bailed out of the boat. In fact, everyone did so well we didn't have a single fall-out during the entire white water rafting adventure. That's not to say it can't happen, but going in there with a clear mind and a determination to paddle your heart out, and everyone will come out alive.
Have you been white water rafting in Canada yet? What did you think?
Thanks to the Moose Network for their awesome help with planning my recent visit through B.C and Alberta, and for arranging for a comped pass with Banff Adventures Unlimited and Hydra River Guides. All opinions and reviews are my own.
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hiring practices
Headhunter Nick Corcodilos explains how job hunters are brainwashed and how breaking free of the HR indoctrination could actually land them a job. Continue reading
Employers may not correct you, but they'll always be judging you. Grammatical mistakes tell them a lot about who you are as a candidate. So be prudent. And if you don't know the rules, Nick Corcodilos offers some tips on where to get help. Continue reading
Proposed immigration reforms in Congress could change hiring practices. Continue reading


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Cathedral City, CA, USA < change city >
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Limos (1)
Ceremony Sites (49)
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PALM DESERT WEDDING IN NOVEMBERNovember, 2009 in Palm Desert
"Our wedding was perfect! Getting married in Palm Desert was great escape for a Seattle couple, but a little pricey. November is a great time of the year, the weather was perfect - not too hot or too cold. Oh, and Wedding Mapper was a great resource to share with our guests. We'd highly recommend using it!"
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Ceremony: The Main Attraction!
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- Cakes/Candies Vendor: Exquisite Desserts
- Florist: Rancho Mirage Florist
- Caterer: New Leaf Catering
- Wedding Day Beauty Vendor: Bare Escentuals
- Ceremony: The Main Attraction!
- Attraction: Boomers
- Hotel: Rancho Las Palmas Resort
- Attraction: Disneyland
- Restaurant: Matchbox Palm Springs LLC
- Attraction: Gardens On El Paseo
- Attraction: Aerial Tramway Palm Springs
- Attraction: Living Desert Zoo & Gardens
Cakes/Candies Vendor:
Exquisite Desserts77682 Country Club Drive
Palm Desert, CA, United States
"Fabulous!! Exactly the look I wanted and it tasted amazing!!"
New Leaf Catering69032 East Palm Canyon Drive
Cathedral City, CA, United States
"Food was great - communicating was frustrating"
Rancho Mirage Florist70053 Highway 111
Rancho Mirage, CA, United States
"Very accomodating!"
Wedding Day Beauty Vendor:
Bare EscentualsPalm Desert, CA, USA
"Great, custom makeup!"
The Main Attraction!74600 Old Prospector Trail
Palm Desert, California, US
Rancho Las Palmas Resort41000 Bob Hope Dr
Rancho Mirage, CA, United States
"Beautiful!! Great patio/bar - Great spa"
Matchbox Palm Springs LLC155 S Palm Canyon Dr # A-28
Palm Springs, CA, United States
Aerial Tramway Palm Springs1 Tramway Rd
Palm Springs, CA, United States
Boomers67700 E Palm Canyon Dr
Cathedral City, CA, United States
Disneyland1313 S Harbor Blvd
Anaheim, CA, United States
Gardens On El Paseo73545 El Paseo # 2500
Palm Desert, CA, United States
Living Desert Zoo & Gardens47900 Portola Ave
Palm Desert, CA, United States


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Filmmakers drop clues about "X-Files" movie sequel
By James Hibberd
LOS ANGELES (Hollywood Reporter) - Ten years after the last "X-Files" movie hit theaters, the team behind the hit sci-franchise is tossing out some tidbits about the sequel, currently scheduled for release on July 25.
The film, which has not yet been named, will mark the return of David Duchovny as Mulder and Gillian Anderson as Scully, two FBI agents who investigate the paranormal.
It is being directed by Chris Carter, creator of the series that ran on Fox from 1993 to 2002.
"I know what I want it to be, but Fox has ideas of their own," Carter said of the title. "I know what it should be."
What he and co-writer Frank Spotnitz did reveal Wednesday during the 25th annual William S. Paley Television Festival, was the trailer. It featured lots of snow, running, a large syringe and a helicopter.
The film will pick up six years after the end of the series. It's supposed to be a standalone feature removed from the alien mythology of the TV show, a throwback to the show's "monster of the week" episodes. Still, some lingering aspects from the series, like whether Scully's child will be a normal tyke, will be addressed.
"It will not be a mythology movie, but it's true to everything that's come before," said Spotnitz.
Reuters/Hollywood Reporter
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved.


text:
Label Changes for:
Norvir (ritonavir capsules) Soft Gelatin
August 2008
Changes have been made to the PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS and PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT sections of the safety label.
Detailed View: Safety Labeling Changes Approved By FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) -- August 2008
|The detailed view includes drug products with safety labeling changes to the BOXED WARNING, CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS, or PATIENT PACKAGE INSERT/MEDICATION GUIDE sections. Deletions or editorial revisions made to these sections are not included in this summary.
Sections Modified
- PR Interval Prolongation
- Information for Patients
- Patients should be informed that Norvir may produce changes in the electrocardiogram (eg, PR prolongation)...
- Postmarketing Experience
- Cardiovascular System
- First–degree AV block, second-degree AV block, third-degree AV block, right bundle branch block have been reported (See PRECAUTIONS – PR Interval Prolongation).
- Cardiovascular System
- What Are the Possible Side Effects of Norvir?
- Changes in the electrocardiogram (EKG)...


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|Pachepsky, Yakov
|Gimenez, Daniel
|Crawford, John
|Rawls, Walter
Submitted to: Fractals In Soil Science
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 5/1/2000
Publication Date: 5/1/2000
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Measurements in soils depend on resolution. The more details a measurement provides, the larger values of length, volume, and area that are observed. Soils are studied at resolutions from nanometers to megameters. Laws are needed to relate results of studies and measurements at different resolutions. The scale dependence of measurements stems from the irregularity and roughness of soil structure. Recently, mathematics came u with a new, fractal geometry tailored to measure rugged objects. The application of fractal geometry in soil science is a fast developing field as demonstrated by the exponential growth in the number of publications. Fractal techniques provided a viable methodology to link processes and properties across scales. Fractal laws were applicable to many soil properties. Using these laws allowed researchers to predict soil parameters that are difficult to measure, in particular, soil hydraulic parameters. These achievements are documented in this paper. Because there are no idea fractals in soils, a caution needs to be exercised in applications of fractal geometry. The content of the book is used to illustrate both challenges and opportunities presented by fractals for process modeling in soils, including solute transport in soils in water quality predictions, compression of the remote sensing data in hydrological and agronomical studies, using temporal fractals in research of the global changes in atmospheric carbon content and carbon sequestration in soils, and predictability of soil behavior in changing environment.
Technical Abstract: Geometric properties of soil elementary particles, aggregates, peds, pores, exposed soil surfaces, contours, etc., are of utmost importance for understanding and managing soils. Ideal geometrical objects, such as spheres, circles, and segments, are widely used in measurements in soil science, and this introduces uncontrollable errors. Fractal geometry appeared not more than 30 years ago. It was developed to describe irregula natural shapes having hierarchies of ever-finer detail and to relate features of natural objects observed at different scales. The application of fractal models in soil science is a new developing field as demonstrated by the exponential growth in the number of publications. Fractal techniques provided a viable methodology to link processes and properties across scales. The use of fractal models in soil science was far from being straightforward. Subtleties in the application of the techniques were caused, in particular, by the complexity of the scale concept in soil science, by the wide use of indirect measurements, by the uncertainty in processes underlying fractal scaling, and by the absence of ideal fractals in soils. Although introducing distinct characteristic scales has important methodological advantages, working with characteristic scales in mind may lead to a quandary. Relationships of fractal geometry can be only approximately true in soils. Indirect measurements as a source of data may be an impediment in application of fractal models. We use chapters of the book to demonstrate both the challenges and opportunities presented by fractals for process modeling in soils. Future applications of fractals in soil science are discussed.


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APSEB ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION (APSEBEA) is a registered body under Societies Act XXI of 1860, with Regd.No.874/1975 having its registered office at D.No.6-3-663, Somajiguda, Hyderabad. It is a representative Body of all the Power Engineers working in power utilities under State Government of Andhra Pradesh.
a) To Foster fraternity amongst the Members. b) To promote and protect the service interests of the Members. c) To enhance technical knowledge of the Members. d) To render monetary help to the members in need to the extent possible. e) To deal with such other matters as may be decided by the General Body / General Council from time to time. f) To Federate with other Associations and affiliate to / disaffiliate from Regional and Central Federations such as All India Power Engineers' Federation, South India Power Engineers' Federation as may be decided upon by the General Body / General Council from time to time to achieve the above objectives.


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Size: 185 sq ft.
Location: Main
Cabin Category: PC
Amenities: Two twin beds that convert to a queen two porthole windows sitting area desk private bathroom with shower phone and a 22" flat-screen TV with first-run movies.
Please Note: Smoking is prohibited in all guests staterooms.
Main features staterooms in categories:


text:
German Shepherd Dog Forums (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/)
- Finding a Good Trainer (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/finding-good-trainer/)
- - Ottawa trainers (http://www.germanshepherds.com/forum/finding-good-trainer/452689-ottawa-trainers.html)
Ottawa trainers
I've been looking into several trainers in Ottawa to help me out with Lako's dog aggression and over dominance while on walks.
The first trainers I contacted were: Dog Training Ottawa, Ontario - Hull, Gatineau, Canada
I actually contacted them a month ago as well, but wasnt able to convince hubby that Lako needed more help than what we could give him.
They are dog behavior therapists, and are the only dog trainers recommended by the SPCA. They have a one year guarantee or a lifetime guarantee. ($600 - $800)
They space their lessons about one month apart. Not sure if I like that idea or not... But I do like that they have a guarantee and will continue to train with us until we are happy. There is no limit to the number of lessons that you can have with them.
The second trainers are: Ottawa Dog Obedience Training - Canadian Canine Training Academy
They specialize in dog aggression. We had a trainer come to our house for a free evaluation. She took him out for a walk and saw his reactions with other dogs. She tried to put a prong collar on him that she had on had but it was too small. (I'm not against prongs if they are really needed. In my case, it's probably a good tool to have)
Her price was $650 for an intense 8 week lesson plan.
The last trainer I contacted is already scratched off my list. She was a holistic trainer, and I didnt feel confident that she had the balls to deal with a dog like mine.
Who would you choose?
I'd go with the Canadian Canine people, they really seem to have a good reputation in the area. Plus you've already had the consult so if you're comfortable with the style they're using then use it.
Alternately if you'd like another option you can check out Best Friends Dog Training
Best Friends Dog Training
I know Maggie Bird personally and Kim Cooper has a fantastic reputation and a long history with GSD's. Maggie and my parents foster for the same dog rescue and Maggie is well versed in 'trouble' dogs and working through their problems with patience and consistency. If you're talking to Maggie let her know Irene's daughter sent you.
Thanks Shade! I'll give them a call this afternoon. :)
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Welcome to E-Books Directory
This is a freely downloadable e-book.
Lecture Notes in Statistical Mechanics
Read this book online or download it here for free
Custom Search
Lecture Notes in Statistical Mechanics
by Igor Vilfan
Publisher: The J. Stefan Institute 2002
Number of pages: 137
These lectures cover classical and quantum statistical mechanics with some emphasis on classical spin systems. The author gives also an introduction to Bose condensation and superfluidity but he does not discuss phenomena specific to Fermi particles.
More Sites Like This
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|Programming Books


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DiNapoli Proposes Fracking Protection Fund
New York State Comptroller Tom DiNapoli is proposing a remedial fund for hydro fracking — similar to the state's oil spill fund — to reimburse citizens if they suffer environmental damage from the gas drilling process.
As New York state prepares to permit the controversial gas drilling procedure known as fracking on some private lands, DiNapoli said he's attempting to address what he said is a missing element in the state Department of Environmental Conservation's plans.
Under the current rules, if a homeowner's drinking water were to be contaminated by fracking accidents, their only choice is to hire a lawyer and try to sue the gas company for damages.
"That could be costly and time consuming," DiNapoli said, "because it is a private right of action. We don't really know how many accidents or incidents are happening right now with natural gas drilling."
The comptroller proposes setting up a fund, financed by fees on drilling companies, that could be used to pay for remediation should there be an accident at one of the fracking sites, or if chemicals leak to drinking wells and water is contaminated.
DiNapoli said his office already administers an oil spill fund. The fracking fund would operate under the same structure.
"It would make sense to have a safety net in place," he said.
The fund would cover damages from private or public water well contamination due to flaws in well casings, spills from traffic accidents with trucks carrying the used fracking water — which contains a mix of chemicals — and damage caused by well blow outs.
The state Department of Environmental Conservation would investigate charges of environmental harm, as it does with the oil spill fund, and order any clean ups. The fund would be empowered to pay damages, and the state Attorney General, Erik Schneiderman, would have the power to take the recalcitrant parties to court recover those monies paid out.
The proposal would also require an online central registry of all gas drilling related incidents.
Governor Andrew Cuomo, whose environmental agency would need to work with the comptroller on the fund, said he prefers to wait until a Department of Environmental Conservation advisory panel meets first.
"DEC has an advisory panel of some real experts in the area that I think represent a good cross section," Cuomo said, "and I'm looking forward to their recommendations."
The panel, which includes industry representatives as well as environmentalists including Robert Kennedy Jr., will be meeting for the first time later this month, although the meeting will not be open to the public.
The governor said he'd rather respond to a comprehensive plan after the panel has a chance for rigorous analysis, before he starts to respond to "individual ideas without a context."
DiNapoli said he thinks his remedial fund could enhance the governor's environmental agency's plans.
"I don't think it's a conflict at all," DiNapoli said. "I think it's complementary."
A number of environmental groups endorsed the comptroller's proposal, but they say they also want to allow an ongoing environmental impact process to be completed first.
The measure would require approval by the state legislature and a signature from the governor. So far, there are no Assembly or Senate sponsors.


text:
Planning, Costing and Budgeting for Executive Decision-MakingHRODC Postgraduate Training Institute
£ 3.350 - (3.784 €)
Wichtige informationen
- Training
- Advanced
- Fernunterricht
- 30 Lernstunden
- Dauer:
10 Days
- Wann:
Freie Auswahl
Was lernen Sie in diesem Kurs?
Decision Making
Financial Planning
Financial Accounting
Accounting MBA
Business Account
Management Accounting
Financial Training
Costing Approaches
Budgeting Controls
Planning Strategies
Course Contents, Concepts and Issues:
The Need for Financial Control in Business
- Understanding accounting and accounting process
- Management account versus financial accounting and financial management
- Cost behaviours in Cost-Volume-Profit scenarios
- Breakeven technique and targeted net income scenarios
- Business cases with master budgets
- Benefit-cost analysis
Capital Costs and Investment Appraisal
- Understanding the concept of time value of money
- Estimating cash flows within the business system
- Understanding Pay Back period, Accounting Return of Return, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
- Defining the approval criteria and review process
- Post-implementation audits of capital projects
- Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty
- Monte Carlo simulation techniques in budgeting
Cost Volume Profit Analysis
- Identifying relevant and irrelevant costs in complex decisions
- Complex applications of C-V-P analysis
- Multiple products and services C-V-P
- Evaluating C-V-P before and after implementation
- Special sales orders and/or segment analysis
- Make or buy decisions
Full Costing, Marginal Costing and Activity Based Costing
- Understanding full and marginal costing, a comparison
- Understanding cost bahaviour, Direct and indirect costs in budgeting for decision making
- Role of costs in pricing strategies
- Overhead analysis and overhead allocation methods and difficulties
- Performance evaluation and variance analysis of materials, labour, & overhead in manufacturing and services
- Understanding advanced costing techniques such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) in manufacturing and services
Budget Construction and Control
- Budgeting as part of planning process and as a communication process
- Nature and purpose of budgets for planning and control
- Budgetary control and variance analysis
- Responsibility centres: cost, profit and investment
- Segment reporting internally and externally
- An introduction to Activity based budgeting
- An introduction to Zero based budgeting
Stimmt etwas nicht mit diesem Kurs? Informieren Sie uns wenn Sie einen Fehler entdecken und helfen somit auch anderen Usern wie Sie.


text:
Hi everyone,
I'm a freelance web developer and designer. I am considering settling in a lower economy country while continuing working as a freelancer for western clients.
I was wondering if there are companies that hire freelancers on a project basis, without asking them to come in their premises? Or is it virtually non-existent?
There are many companies who hire freelancers on project basis and given today's global environment, I am sure you can get lots of work. But many clients want someone to interact locally, which in this case, you could be the person interacting. Then you pass on the work to virtual freelancers (you can do this on per project basis or have long term contracts). Main thing to understand is you need to keep a tab on amount charged, quality of work and finally see to it that freelancers do not disclose the work done elsewhere, which at times might get you in trouble. A strict non-disclosure agreement needs to be done and also a minimum quality of work. My take is in web development you have nothing like cheap work. What you pay is usually what you get. At times I have had instances of getting work done in US to be billed at cheaper rates than elsewhere. Or sometimes work done in South Asia might be cheaper than elsewhere. I think its more a matter of what kind of project that needs to be done and take a call on project to project basis. There are many freelancing platforms where you could list your project, check freelancers reviews and select a freelancer or a company for providing solutions to the project.
May be I am replying quite late but I think you should make your professional profile on popular sites where employers post jobs and search for deserving candidates. Make sure to make profile mostly on sites that cover jobs in your location.


text:
Anybody have their Cadillac pinstriped with the Cadillac logo in the middle?
Can you post pictures?
Thank you
Printable View
Anybody have their Cadillac pinstriped with the Cadillac logo in the middle?
Can you post pictures?
Thank you
Mine does not have any pinstriping but thinking red maybe....
"Pinstriped" covers a very broad range of artistry .............. How about some basis for a start point ?
There's a basic accent line stripe job, like that on the Sevilles, or there's ....................
Thank You For Your Reply.And the nice custom pinstripe Picture.
I see on e bay a double stripe with the Cadillac Crest Logo that goes in between the Stripe.
Looks Cool.
They come in other Car Company's Logo also.
It is a Vinyl Decal made from the same material as the Double Pinstripe.
I see other cars done with the Logo on the Front side Fender.
Thank You
Personally, I'm not a fan of the vinyl emblem in most cases.
Peter, please don't start multiple threads on the same topic.
Duplicate threads deleted. This thread moved to Discussions, Item Specific, Appearance.
PeterS, Please do NOT start multiple identical threads in several forums in hope of a reply - find the correct forum, post there, and let it work for you. Thanks for the consideration.
Will Do.
Thank You


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 30, 2001
|Filing date
|Oct 28, 1999
|Priority date
|Oct 28, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Tsung-Yuan Hsu, Robert Y. Loo, Greg Tangonan, Juan F. Lam
|Original Assignee
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (68), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention pertains to microfabricated electromechanical (MEM) switches which may be fabricated on a substrate.
MEM switches in various forms are well-known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,121,089 to Larson, granted in 1992, describes an example of a MEM switch in which the armature rotates symmetrically about a post. Larson also suggested cantilevered beam MEM switches, in "Microactuators for GaAs—based microwave integrated circuits" by L. E. Larson et al., Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 10, 404-407 (1993).
MEM switches are very useful for controlling very high frequency lines, such as antenna feed lines and switches operating above 1 GHz, due to their relatively low insertion loss and high isolation value at these frequencies. Therefore, they are particularly useful for controlling high frequency antennas, as is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,614 to Lam et al. (1996). Such use generally requires an array of MEM switches, and an N�N array of MEM switches requires N2+1 output lines and N2 control circuits for direct electrical control. These control lines may need to be shielded to avoid interfering with the high frequency antenna lines, and accordingly add considerable complexity and cost to the fabrication of these switches.
Thus, there exists a need for controlling the MEM switches in such an array by a means which reduces the difficulties imposed by routing control lines.
The present invention alleviates the above-noted problem of providing control lines for an array MEM switches, and provides other benefits as well. In particular, it provides a mechanism for controlling MEM switches with light, with attendant benefits such as isolation, and indeed remoteness, from a controlling light source.
The present invention provides optical control of MEM switches. In a preferred embodiment, two DC bias lines are provided to the vicinity of each MEM switch. On-off control of the switch is then effected by focusing light on the switch substrate. Under illumination, the photo-conductive nature of the semi-insulated substrate causes voltage loss in a series bias resistor to reduce the DC bias voltage applied to the switch. The switches may be used in combination to control an antenna array. Another embodiment of the invention employs a photovoltaic device to provide actuating voltage under illumination, thus obviating all bias lines.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a MEM switch suitable for the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the MEM switch of FIG. 1, open.
FIG. 3 is a lateral cross-sectional view of the MEM switch of FIG. 1, closed.
FIG. 4 shows the hysteresis of switch state as a function of applied voltage.
FIG. 5 shows details of the photoresistor area of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of application and control of bias voltage to the MEM switch.
FIG. 7 shows the substrate with first metal layer in place.
FIG. 8 is as FIG. 7 after selective addition of a sacrificial layer.
FIG. 9 shows selective addition of an insulating layer and etching of contact dimple.
FIG. 10 shows addition of cantilever conductor metallization and final insulating layer.
FIG. 11 shows an array of optically controlled MEM switches.
FIG. 12 shows a photovoltaically actuated MEM switch with no external bias lines.
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of an optically controlled MEM switch according to the present invention. Cantilever beam 10, preferably 24 microns wide, supports armature structure 12 which includes armature electrostatic plate 14, which is preferably about 100 microns square, and also switch conductor 16. A substrate electrostatic plate 40, not shown in this figure, is approximately the same size as armature electrostatic plate 14, and is positioned behind armature structure 12 in this top view and visible only as dotted lines. The width of switch conductor 16 depends on usage; shown proportionally to be about 30 microns, it may be narrower and in the preferred embodiment is 69 microns wide for a desirable high frequency impedance. Switch conductor 16 is insulated from armature electrostatic plate 14 by armature insulating region 30, which in the preferred embodiment is about 30 microns. Switch conductor 16 terminates at each end with contact dimples 18. Armature electrostatic plate 14 is connected to substrate armature pad 26 through cantilever beam conductor 28 and armature via 24. Anchor structure 20 attaches cantilever beam 10 to the substrate (not identified in FIG. 1) by means of four anchors, e.g. 22, plus armature via 24.
Signal "A" metallization 32 terminates below a first switch dimple 18 of armature structure 12, as shown in dashed lines. Signal "B" metallization 34 similarly terminates below a second switch dimple 18 of armature structure 12. Substrate electrostatic pad connection 36 conducts a common potential to substrate electrostatic pad 40 (designated in FIG. 2) which is disposed on the substrate below armature electrostatic pad 14 and indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines below armature electrostatic plate 14. When the switch is closed, Signal A is connected to Signal B through the switch dimples 18 and switch conductor 16.
FIG. 2 shows a section of the MEM switch of FIG. 1 taken along the indicated section line. In order to clarify the boundaries of substrate electrostatic plate 40, substrate electrostatic plate connection 36 is not shown where it extends below cantilever 10. Insulating layers 42 are disposed on the top and bottom of armature assembly 12 and support switch conductor 16. Lower and upper armature insulators 42 each have approximately equal differential stress with the armature metallization (e.g. 14, 28), and accordingly the differentials are balanced to minimize bowing of the armature. Plate 14 is connected to substrate armature pad 26 by cantilever beam conductor 28 and armature via 24. Switch conductor 16 is seen where it merges with dimple 18, which protrudes through the lower of armature insulations 42. The termination of Signal "A" connection 32 is seen disposed below switch connection dimple 18. Substrate 44 underlies all of this structure. Substrate 44 is preferably only about 100 microns thick, partly for purposes of signal line impedance control, but is not represented proportionally.
FIG. 3 shows the MEM switch section of FIG. 2, but in closed position. A voltage is applied between armature electrostatic plate 14 and substrate electrostatic plate 40. Armature structure 12 is drawn down toward substrate 44 by electrostatic force, and counterbalanced by the restoring spring force proportional to the displacement of cantilever beam 10. (The restoring spring force is provided by elastic resistance to deformation of armature conductor 28 plus upper and lower armature insulators 42; the armature structure is supported from substrate 44 by anchor structure 20). As the applied voltage continues to increase, the electrostatic force, which is proportional to the bias voltage and inversely proportional to the square of the gap between the two plates, will eventually exceed the restoring spring force of cantilever beam 10, and the balance cannot be maintained. At this so-called "snapdown" voltage, plate 14 snaps down and firmly rests on plate 40, such that as little as the lower armature insulation 42 may separate the plates. Insulating region 30 flexes somewhat, providing force so that dimple 18 presses firmly against signal "A" conductor 32, ensuring repeatable and reliable connection between them.
Hysteresis in the actuation of the switch is important to crisp functioning. FIG. 4 shows switch state as a function of applied voltage, which demonstrates the hysteresis characteristics of a typical RF MEM switch. As the applied voltage increases, the switch state will follow the path indicated by the arrows having solid-line shafts. Thus, the switch will turn from the "off" state to the "on" state as the applied voltage exceeds snap-down voltage V2. However, when the applied voltage has exceeded V2 and then is decreased, the switch state will follow the path indicated by the arrows having dashed-line shafts. Thus, the switch will not turn back to the "off" state as the applied bias voltage decreases to just below snap-down voltage V2, but rather will remain in the "on" state until the applied bias voltage drops to "hold-on" voltage V1. The switch then opens abruptly when the applied bias voltage drops just below hold-on voltage V1. The on-off differential, V2−V1, is typically a few volts; for example, in the preferred embodiment which has a snap-down voltage of 60 V, the on-off differential V2−V1 is 5V. The hysteresis of the switch actuation in response to applied voltage, along with the photo-conductive nature of the MEM switch described herein, are foundations of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows details which form the electrical components used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and may be more readily understood with reference to the electrical schematic shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, Bias and Common are applied to exceed the snap-down voltage, preferably about 60V, and are provided by a bias supply (not shown). Rb is a series bias resistor, preferably about 1 megohm. Rp is a photoresistor, which is preferably simply part of the substrate. If Rp is part of the substrate, then the substrate is preferably semi-insulating GaAs. When light is directed onto Rp, the resistance decreases from about 100 megohms to about 10 megohms. Consequently, the voltage available between PlateA, the armature electrostatic plate, and Plates, the substrate electrostatic plate, varies depending upon the intensity of light directed upon Rp. In the preferred embodiment, 60V is applied to the switch when the substrate is dark, exceeding snap-down voltage and closing the MEM switch, while under strong illumination 54 V is applied, which is less than the hold-down voltage and thus opens the switch.
Returning to FIG. 5, bias is supplied to bias connection 48 from elsewhere, being common to all switches in an array. Bias resistor 46 is preferably 40 to 50 squares of sputtered CrSiO in a 6 micron line width, and conducts current from the bias source to armature substrate pad 26 through an appropriate resistance of preferably about 1 megohm. Bias resistor 46 is preferably covered with any non-conductive opaque material to prevent photoresistive effects from reducing its resistance. Current from the bias source is conducted from armature substrate pad 26 to the armature electrostatic pad, not shown, through armature via 24 of anchor structure 20, and through cantilever beam conductor 28, without further significant resistance. Bias supply Common (FIG. 6) may be provided to the substrate electrostatic plate, not shown, along substrate electrostatic connection 36, without significant resistance.
Semi-insulating GaAs substrate is preferably below all of the structure of FIG. 5. Illumination of the substrate reduces its resistance to very roughly 10 megohms per square. Accordingly, when illuminated the substrate in gap 50 between armature substrate pad 26 and substrate electrostatic connection 36 conducts sufficient current to reduce the voltage available between the armature and substrate electrostatic plates so that the switch opens.
FIGS. 7-10 show fabrication steps leading to the completed MEM switch shown in FIG. 2. Substrate 44 is preferably semi-insulating GaAs about 100 microns thick, and is chosen primarily for compatibility with the circuit in which the resulting MEM switch will be employed. Any semi-insulating substrate which exhibits a resistance varying under illumination by visible or infrared light may be used, which can be achieved using InP or Si, for example. Other substrates which do not inherently have photoconductive properties may also be used, such as ceramics or polyimides, but would require creation of a separate photoresistor. The thickness of the substrate is largely determined by requirements for the circuit, such as obtaining appropriate spacing from a ground plane for control of the transmission line characteristics of traces.
In FIG. 7, metallization has been patterned upon substrate 44 to form armature substrate pad 26, substrate electrostatic plate 40, and Signal A conductor 32. Any technique may be employed to provide the patterned metallization, including for example lithographic resist lift-off or resist definition and metal etch, but also less common techniques. This metallization is preferably begun with about 250-500 Å of Ti to ensure adhesion to the substrate, followed by about 1000 Å of Pt to protect the Ti from diffusion of Au, and about 2000 Å of Au. Any compatible metallization may be employed, but will of course affect the properties of the completed MEM switch.
In FIG. 8, sacrificial support layer 72, preferably two micron thick SiO2, is deposited using any compatible technique, such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or sputtering. The thickness of sacrificial support layer 72 affects the spacing of the electrostatic plates and the switch opening, which are both important design parameters. A via 74 is also formed through layer 72, which may be accomplished, for example, by means of lithographic photoresist and etch.
In FIG. 9, the first armature structural layer 82 has been patterned. Structural layer 82 is preferably silicon nitride, but can also be other materials, desirably having a low etch rate compared to sacrificial layer 72. Via 84 may be formed by any technique, for example lithography and dry etch, but it is desirable that an etch step remove a portion of sacrificial layer 72 below via 84 to form a dimple receptacle extending a controlled depth below first structural layer 82.
FIG. 10 shows the result of two further steps. A second metallization pattern has been added to form dimple 18, switch conductor 16, armature electrostatic plate 14 and cantilever beam conductor 28, and it adheres to armature substrate pad 26 to form armature via 24. This metallization, typically sputter deposited, is preferably 200 Å of Ti followed by 1000 Å of Au (thinner than the metallization mentioned above), but of course alternative metals and thicknesses may be selected. FIG. 10 also shows second structural layer 92, added and patterned after the second metallization step. Second structural layer 92 is preferably the same material and thickness as first structural layer 82, described above with regard to FIG. 9, in order to balance the stresses within the armature and thereby minimize bowing of the armature.
To complete the MEM switch a further fabrication step of wet etching to remove sacrificial layer 72 is performed, which results in the switch as shown in FIG. 2. Sputter deposition of the bias resistor may be performed thereafter, as well as a step of opaquely coating the bias resistor if desired. It is also possible to deposit the bias resistor before the step of deposition of sacrificial layer 72. Indeed, if an opaque material is selected for sacrificial layer 72, then simply preventing etch of sacrificial layer 72 in the area of the bias resistor will protect the bias resistor from leakage due to illumination.
FIG. 11 shows an array of MEM switches according to the present invention for changing the characteristics of an antenna. The correct bias supply voltage is applied by connection 103 to each optically controlled MEM switch 107, which also has bias supply common 105 connected thereto. Each MEM switch 107 may be selectively illuminated by directing light at its photoelectric element individually, for example by means of an optical fiber mounted appropriately, such that antenna elements 101 are selectively connected. The antenna array may extend up toward Antenna A, or continue down toward Antenna B. The antenna elements can be varied widely to provide a finely tunable antenna.
FIG. 12 shows a MEM switch fabricated with a photovoltaic device 120 mounted along with MEM switch 1 to form a hybrid. Photovoltaic device 120 is a representative integrated circuit having seventy two individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. 125, connected in series, with the ends of the series of photovoltaic cells connected to bonding pads 123 and 124. Bond wire 121 connects the first bond pad 123 of photovoltaic device 120 to substrate electrostatic plate connection 36, and bond wire 122 connects the second bond pad 124 of photovoltaic device 120 to armature electrostatic plate connection 26. When illuminated, the photovoltaic device produces sufficient voltage to actuate the switch (greater than 60 V in the presently preferred embodiment), and thus no bias lines for MEM switch 1 need be connected to a bias supply or other external drive source, as is required for other embodiments. The hybrid fabrication shown in FIG. 12 is the presently preferred embodiment, and is compatible with virtually any surface upon which a MEM switch may be fabricated, so that the MEM switch may be fabricated upon a wide variety of substrate-like surfaces. However, a photovoltaic device may instead be fabricated into a substrate by appropriate processing. For example, Si or GaAs substrates can be processed to produce a photovoltaic device comprising many photovoltaic cells by steps which are well known in the art. MEM switch 1 may then be fabricated on the processed substrate as described above with regard to FIGS. 2 and 7-10 to form a completely integrated device. These devices, when used in an array, may also be selectively actuated by directing light at individual photovoltaic devices, such as through an optical fiber mounted above each photovoltaic device.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely exemplary, and that an unlimited number of variations may be employed. In particular, the actuation (closing) voltage and dropout (opening) voltage of the MEM switch will depend upon the armature layer construction, the electrostatic plate sizes, the cantilever material, thickness, length and width, and the spacing between armature and substrate, to mention only a few variables, and thus the actuation voltage will vary widely between embodiments. The substrate photoresistor Rp can be varied widely as well. This can be accomplished, for example, by changing the number of illuminated squares of substrate between the armature substrate pad connection and the substrate electrostatic pad connection, by varying impurities to alter the photoresistive effect, and by varying the intensity of the illumination. Moreover, alternative substrates are expected to provide an analogous photoresistive effect, or a different photoresistive material can be disposed on any substrate to provide the photoresistive effect. An unlimited number of different techniques and materials are available to provide a bias resistor Rb of an appropriate value; in addition to the many possible variations of the presently preferred technique of applying a separate material patterned to form a resistor, many substrates can be made into high resistance traces through patterned implantation of impurities. The selected bias resistor Rb, along with the selected photoresistor Rp, causes the voltage available between the armature and substrate electrostatic plates to vary from above the actuation voltage to below the dropout voltage upon illumination of Rp with a selected light source. Since all of these factors may be varied over a wide range, the invention is defined only by the accompanying claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 7, 2000
Owner name: HRL LABORATORIES, CALIFORNIA
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|May 31, 2005
|Fee payment
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|Surcharge for late payment
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
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