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Aesthetic implications of the eco-structuralist process
Opie, Timothy T. & Brown, Andrew R. (2010) Aesthetic implications of the eco-structuralist process. In Opie, Timothy T. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Australasian Computer Music Conference 2010, Australasian Computer Music Association (ACMA), Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 43-50.
Published Version
(PDF 335kB)
This article explores the aesthetic implications of eco- structuralism. Eco-structuralism is a method of music composition that utilises the sonic features of natural sounds as structural elements in new compositions. This paper places eco-structuralism within an aesthetic and analytical framework. It explores views of aesthetics and nature and discusses how eco-structuralism is positioned in relation to these ideas and considers some aesthetic opportunities of the eco-structuralist process.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
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Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Conference Paper
|Additional Information:
|The contents of that proceedings can be freely accessed via the official URL.
|Additional URLs:
|music, computer, aesthetics, composition
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > STUDIES IN CREATIVE ARTS AND WRITING (190000) > FILM TELEVISION AND DIGITAL MEDIA (190200)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > STUDIES IN CREATIVE ARTS AND WRITING (190000) > PERFORMING ARTS AND CREATIVE WRITING (190400)
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Creative Industries Faculty
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2010 Timothy Opie and Andrew Brown
|Deposited On:
|28 Jul 2010 22:45
|Last Modified:
|22 Jun 2017 14:42
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Hundreds of people will come to Chiefland High School's football stadium Friday night to celebrate life and the culmination of a year of fund-raising for the American Cancer Society's Relay for Life.
Opening ceremonies for the 14th Annual Relay begin at 6 p.m.with the music of T. J. Brown.
Cancer survivors from the tri-county area will take the first lap that kicks off a night of walking, remembering and general all-around fun.
A variety of entertainment is scheduled throughout the evening to accompany the carnival-based theme of this year's Relay.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Chiefland Citizen, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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Rajaratnam Got Tip From Gupta on P&G's Folgers Sale, U.S. Says
Rajat Gupta, the former Procter & Gamble Co. (PG) director indicted last year for insider trading, illegally tipped now-convicted hedge fund manager Raj Rajaratnam about P&G's 2008 sale of Folgers Coffee Co. to J.M. Smucker Co. (SJM), federal prosecutors said.
J.M. Smucker, the Orrville, Ohio-based maker of jams and other food products, bought Folgers for about $3 billion in June 2008. Prosecutors told U.S. District Judge Jed Rakoff in Manhattan yesterday at a pre-trial hearing that the government may file a superseding indictment against Gupta, also a former director of Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), by the end of the month.
Also yesterday, Rakoff said Gupta should "not be too optimistic" about his request to bar Rajaratnam's wiretapped calls as evidence in the case.
Gupta's lawyer, Gary Naftalis, asked Rakoff to direct prosecutors to provide more specific details about their case against his client. Naftalis described as "vague" the indictment filed in October which alleges Gupta passed tips about Cincinnati-based Procter & Gamble, Goldman Sachs, and other "companies."
"In June 2008, Procter & Gamble sold its Folgers Coffee business to J.M. Smucker," Assistant U.S. Attorney Richard Tarlowe told Rakoff in court yesterday. "The allegation is that Mr. Gupta disclosed the information about that before it was public to Mr. Rajaratnam."
'No Evidence'
When asked by Naftalis to identify any other co- conspirators in the case against Gupta or sources of illegal tips, prosecutors said Gupta was the sole source of inside information for any trading done by Rajaratnam.
"We have no evidence whatsoever that anyone other than Mr. Gupta tipped Mr. Rajaratnam," Assistant U.S. Attorney Reed Brodsky said.
The U.S. will probably argue at the April 9 trial that Rajaratnam told another person that Gupta gave him illegal tips, defense lawyers said in a Jan. 3 filing. Gupta contends that prosecutors are trying to make Rajaratnam a government witness by using statements he made about his alleged sources of inside information. Defense lawyers note that prosecutors at the same time have challenged Rajaratnam's veracity, and even called the Galleon Group LLC co-founder a liar.
Gupta's lawyers said they may argue that the government can't claim that Rajaratnam, convicted of directing the biggest insider-trading scheme in a generation, is believable on statements identifying Gupta as his source for illegal tips when prosecutors have cast doubt on his truthfulness, as in their comments disputing an interview Rajaratnam gave to Newsweek magazine.
Pressured Him
In the interview, published in October, Rajaratnam said prosecutors pressured him to plead guilty to insider trading and become an informant against Gupta. Afterward, a spokeswoman for U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara in Manhattan called his remarks "inaccurate" and FBI spokesman Jim Margolin said comments Rajaratnam attributed to agents were never uttered.
Now, Gupta is using the government officials' denials as a basis to ask a judge to order prosecutors to surrender documents casting doubt on Rajaratnam's truthfulness.
"Any such statement, in which the government expressed its own doubts about Rajaratnam's veracity -- or simply that he is not to be trusted, even if stopping short of calling him a liar -- would obviously be helpful to the defense," Naftalis wrote in the filing.
Prosecutors haven't responded to Gupta's document request.
Gupta, 63, who also led McKinsey & Co., was indicted in October on accusations that he passed inside information to Rajaratnam.
Five Counts
He was charged with five counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud. If convicted, he faces as many as 20 years in prison on each of the securities fraud counts and as long as five years on the conspiracy charge. He denies wrongdoing.
Rajaratnam, 54, who was convicted by a jury last year, is serving an 11-year prison term.
The Gupta indictment cites three instances in which he allegedly leaked tips to Rajaratnam. He's accused of telling Rajaratnam about Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK/A)'s $5 billion investment in New York-based Goldman Sachs in September 2008, about the bank's unexpected fourth-quarter loss that year, and about P&G's poor performance in late 2008.
The indictment cites close ties between the two men, saying Gupta invested $2.4 million in at least two Galleon offshore funds, put $10 million into a venture with Rajaratnam called Voyager Capital Partners, and committed $22.5 million to a fund they created to focus on emerging markets in Asia.
Wiretapped Conversations
Gupta's lawyers said they expect prosecutors to re-play at least some of the wiretapped recordings of Rajaratnam's telephone conversations heard at his trial. In a call from Oct. 24, 2008, Rajaratnam told a colleague that he'd been tipped by a source on the Goldman Sachs board about unanticipated losses. In that call, Rajaratnam doesn't name Gupta, who prosecutors alleged was the source.
Rajaratnam also doesn't identify Gupta on two other wiretapped recordings that the government will probably play at the April trial, Naftalis wrote.
Ellen Davis, a spokeswoman for Bharara; Margolin, the Federal Bureau of Investigation spokesman; and Naftalis declined to comment on Gupta's court filing.
Gupta's document request was part of a wide-ranging legal filing that asks Rakoff to bar prosecutors from using wiretaps as evidence and to dismiss some counts. It also seeks an order for the government to surrender "any information" showing that Rajaratnam "boasted about or exaggerated his contacts" with "prominent persons or his sources of information."
The court filing provides insight into Gupta's defense.
Unlike Rajaratnam's case, "there are no wiretap recordings of conversations in which Mr. Gupta passed material, non-public information," Naftalis wrote. Nor is there evidence that Gupta traded on illegal tips or shared in illicit profits, he said.
Naftalis said he'll challenge the use of a wiretapped call from July 29, 2008, in which Gupta and Rajaratnam discussed whether Goldman Sachs might buy a commercial bank. At Rajaratnam's trial, prosecutors cited the conversation as proof that Gupta leaked news about Goldman Sachs. Naftalis said there was already public speculation about Goldman's possible purchase of a bank, and the information on the wiretap wasn't secret.
Rakoff yesterday noted that Judge Richard Holwell, who presided over Rajaratnam's case, ruled the wiretaps were admissible.
"Realistically, if I were the defendant, I would not be too optimistic about this motion," Rakoff said.
'Four Daughters'
Naftalis also said the "relationship between the two men deteriorated in 2008," partly because Rajaratnam lost Gupta's $10 million investment in the Voyager fund.
In the Newsweek interview, Rajaratnam was quoted saying: "They wanted me to plea-bargain. They want to get Rajat. I am not going to do what people did to me. Rajat has four daughters."
According to Newsweek, Rajaratnam said FBI agent B.J. Kang, the lead investigator on the case, told him, "Take a good look at your son. You're not going to see him for a long time," and added, "Your wife doesn't seem so upset. Because she's going to spend all your money."
Margolin said in an interview in October that statements attributed to Kang and other agents were never spoken.
The cases are U.S. v. Gupta, 11-cr-00907, and SEC v. Gupta, 11-cv-07566, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Manhattan).
To contact the reporters on this story: Patricia Hurtado in federal court in Manhattan at email@example.com; David Glovin in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael Hytha at email@example.com


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Anyone make it to Raush Creek?
Anyone go this weekend? Any pics? I wasn't able to make it this time, but definitly hitting it next year.
I needed to work on my boiler at home so I had to cancel. However, I went on the last trip with Texapple and man was it awesome!
Did manage to sneak away with my son and get on some local trails yesterday. So all was not lost.
trip was rained out!
Not really, we had a few takers that dwindled as the date grew closer and Frank & I had to bail at the last minute (again, my apologies)....cancelled both hotel reservations (dogs' & ours) and sat home. :(
I'd like to try again....I'll let you'll know or if someone wants to pick a date and plan a trip, we'd be game.
...on a brighter note - we're going out with the club next Sun.....I'll post pics for ya'll to drool over :D
If you try again count me in as long as its not the weekend dec2nd falls on
I just dropped my jeep off to get regeard, lockers and 35's installed
I would like to try and make it also, Maybe we could even set something up for the spring? I am trying to find a decent(cheap) truck and trailer to tow with.
I called uhaul and it was $100 for the trailer for the weekend and $20 for the truck +.99 a mile!!
yeah it sucked! Thats why I couldnt make it. So we will see if I can find something for next time.
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Rep. Boozman is jousting at windmills, I'm afraid. This bill will die a natural death, just like its predecessors.
This is a discussion on Nationwide concealed carry: MERGED within the Concealed Carry Issues & Discussions forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; The Morning News: News : Bill Forces States To Accept Concealed Gun Permits...
Annual Member NRA 1972-88
Life Member NRA 1988
Endowment Member NRA 2013
Patron Member NRA 2014
Life Member SAF 2013
Rep. Boozman is jousting at windmills, I'm afraid. This bill will die a natural death, just like its predecessors.
When youre wounded and left on Afghanistans plains,
And the women come out to cut up what remains,
Just roll to your rifle and blow out your brains,
And go to your God like a soldier.
Rudyard Kipling
Peter Hamm, a spokesman for the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence said his organization is not anti-gun, but it opposes the bill because of its impact on states
What the hell, so the brady bunch is NOT anti-gun? They sure do a good job of hiding that.
Yup, it sure would be nice.
ALWAYS carry! - NEVER tell!
"A superior Operator is best defined as someone who uses his superior
judgement to keep himself out of situations that would require a display of his
superior skills."
I'd love to see Hamm support his comment about our permit process being too lenient.
The bill is the kind we ought to support, though. It isn't overbearing federal legislation, but rather a way to ensure states recognize other state licenses. States already accept passports and marriage certificates, among other things, so why is a carry license different?
Let this Bill "die" a quick death and never rise again !
We do not need the fed's sticking their noses in State businees.
The fed's would just screw it up.
There is already precident for this in LEOSA.
While LEOSA covers only LEO's it can be argued that the natural progression is to now allow non-LEO's with a CCW Permit to carry concealed weapons in all fifty states.
I for one support this type of law. I do not however think it will pass anytime soon. :(
Might have a chance when the SCOTUS and the US Attorney General support the 2nd Amendment as an individual right. And, if licensing is left up to the states, as a "states rights" issue. My concern would be that the Feds would impose what they consider "reasonable" restrictions, training requirements, etc etc which could turn draconian.
SCOTUS would have to come up with an extremely powerful decision, like a 9-0 ruling that the 2nd amendment grants the right to keep(as on your property) and bear(as in carry,concealed or otherwise) arms(any modern equivalent to revolutionary type weapons i.e. rifles and handguns).
I see only a 5-4,maybe 6-3 decision just stating DC's law is unconstitutional. So registered handguns will be legal,that's all. SCOTUS will not rule on anything other than that.
"The right of the whole people, old and young, men, women and boys, and not militia only, to keep and bear arms of every description, not such merely as are used by the militia, shall not be infringed, curtailed, or broken in upon, in the smallest degree..."
Nunn v. State GA 1848
Some interesting results might well flow when the Supremes decide the DC gun ban case. I predict that the Court will recognize a private right to own and bear arms subject to reasonable state regulation. If the Court defines "reasonable state regulation", states like CA, where it is very difficult to get a CCW might be forced to re-examine their position. Your friendly retired lawyer thinks that interesting times lie ahead.
While I do not think the bill will pass but, Ill have to say I disagree with you.
As others have said, we already have acceptance of other states licensing in place for marriage license, and drivers licensing, and I am sure there are more, I just cant think of any at this moment.
And since its introduction LEOSA has proven that a system of allowing conceal carry nation wide has not caused any problems, in fact it has saved lives numerous times.
"Just blame Sixto"
I reserve the right to make fun, point and laugh etc.
They have to just make this stuff up. Cannot even find intelligent arguments to counteract anymore.Bill Forces States To Accept Concealed Gun Permits
Last updated Monday, April 14, 2008 8:06 PM CDT in News
By Aaron Sadler
WASHINGTON -- Americans with state-issued concealed weapons permits would be allowed to carry guns wherever they travel in the country under a bill introduced Monday by 3rd District Rep. John Boozman, R-Rogers.
...According to a study cited by the National Rifle Association, violent crime declined each year from 1977 to 1994 in jurisdictions where a concealed gun law was in effect.
Peter Hamm, a spokesman for the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence said his organization is not anti-gun, but it opposes the bill because of its impact on states.
...For instance, Florida's standards are so low that some death-row inmates there have permits, he said.
...His 26-year-old daughter, Kristen Boozman, has an Arkansas concealed weapons permit, as do other family members, he said. The congressman himself does not.
"We are not anti-gun," said Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence spokesperson Peter Hamm-bone. "We LOVE guns. If the wrongly-convicted constituents of the Florida State Prison, who have worked hard to be where they are and are just a little misguided due to poor toilet training but are people of the highest caliber, can have gun permits, EVERYONE should be able to have gun permits. We just want to pour a little concrete inside each barrel for a little hardening of the artillery."
Well, you'll have to gauge for yourself the accuracy of this maroon's comments and intelligence. Anything else I say is just .
-1 on Boozman outing his own daughter.
Last edited by miklcolt45; April 16th, 2008 at 08:20 AM. Reason: wrong quotes
He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose. - Jim Elliott
The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it.
Albert Einstein


text:
Ask-the-Expert Online Conference: Breast Cancer Risk and Your Family
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Ask-the-Expert Online Conference
The Ask-the-Expert Online Conference Breast Cancer Risk and Your Family featured Terri McHugh, D.O., and Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. answering your questions about genetics and breast cancer, and how your family could be affected.
Editor's Note: This conference took place in March 2008.
Questions from this conference
- Other screening methods for high-risk daughters?
- Genetic testing for sons' sake?
- Test husband? What age for kids?
- Insurance and genetic testing? Consider oophorectomy?
- Breast cancer type hereditary?
- What does the genetic test entail?
- Triple-negative breast cancer genetic?
- Test now for future generations?
- Identify other genes before preventive measures?
- Discrimination concerns for high-risk daughter?
- What genes does Oncotype DX test?
- Ovarian cancer risk and BRCA genes?
- Why aren't hormone levels tested at diagnosis?
- Genetic testing appropriate for daughter?
- Age to begin mammograms? How often?
- How to go about genetic testing?
- Low cost genetic testing available?
- Should family test if no other history?
- How to research unknown family history?
- What do test results mean?
- When should daughters start screening if mom is positive?
- What is considered high risk?
- New research on genetic testing?
- Preventive options for BRCA1 positive?
- Gene mutations that have not been discovered?
- Environment vs. genetic risk?
- Help to get insurance to cover testing?
- Add MRI to mammogram and BSE?
- Male prostate cancer raises risk for female breast cancer?
- How reliable is genetic testing?
- Any reason to not have genetic testing?
- Should males be concerned about genetic breast cancer risk?
Other screening methods for high-risk daughters?
- Question from Sandy Brass: I am almost 18 years out from a single mastectomy of pretty well-established inherited breast cancer. I have three daughters, the oldest now coming into the "subtract 10 years from initial diagnosis" range. Is there anything else that I can do for my girls besides self-breast exams and digital mammograms or ultrasounds?
Answers -
Terri McHugh
As a woman who has had breast cancer 18 years go and now has children, looking at your family history you are assuming this is hereditary. If it hasn't been done, you should undergo formal genetic testing to undercover a mutation, either BRCA1 or BRCA2. If that has been done and if you test positive for the gene, then you will want to follow high risk screening guidelines which will be outlined shortly. If you were found to have the mutation, and your daughter doesn't, then your daughter's risk is average or based on the risk of the other side of the family.
The high risk screening guidelines for a woman who has a mutation or has a hereditary predisposition would be starting with monthly breast self-exams starting at 18, annual mammograms and annual breast MRI (ideally alternating every 6 months) from age 25, or 10 years younger than the youngest family member diagnosed, whichever is less. And clinical breast exams twice a year by a physician or nurse practitioner.
Genetic testing for sons' sake?
- Question from SMer: Though I had no family history of breast cancer, I am now fighting advanced breast cancer. I have no daughters, but I do have two wonderful sons. Since men do get breast cancer, should I undergo genetic testing for their sake?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. My answer would be to refer you for some risk assessment and genetic counseling, so that your entire family pattern could be looked at. It could be valuable for you to have genetic testing, but it should be looked at with a counselor to look at the whole family tree on both sides of the family to have a better chance of uncovering possible mutations. The things that we look for that give us a red flag for being an altered gene that could be passed on to daughters or sons would be earlier than typical age of diagnosis, having breast cancer in both breasts, having breast and ovarian cancer, and looking for other cancers in the family history other than breast cancer, for instance ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma. Sometimes, certainly not always, looking at the entire family history of cancer with a trained genetic professional helps us understand much more clearly how likely it is to find a gene that could be passed on to children.
- Terri McHugh Also, a history of male breast cancer and ethnicity, such as Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
Test husband? What age for kids?
- Question from JNelling: I was diagnosed about a year ago at age 46. My mother, 78, was just diagnosed and my mother-in-law also had breast cancer. I am thinking that in order to provide any useful information to my children, my husband would have to be tested too. Is this correct? If either of us is positive, at what age should my kids be tested?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It's recommended to meet with a genetics professional to look at the entire family history, and the red flags as discussed earlier. Also, it's important that children make an independent decision about their own personal desire for genetic testing. There isn't a recommended age given by the professionals, but the counselor helps the individual make that decision for themselves.
- Terri McHugh With female children, if there is a hereditary link, ideally we encourage them to consider genetic testing at age 20, or again, 10 years younger than the age of youngest family diagnosis. The purpose of having them tested at that age would be to have them on-target with their breast screening, and if they're not ready to test at that age, to ensure that they are being screened appropriately.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It is not every 20-year-old who is ready to pursue testing. It is a very individual decision.
- Terri McHugh One other consideration with children of mutation carriers, both male and female children, is that in today's world there is the chance for pre-implantation genetic selection. In short, what that means is a woman or couple could choose to have in vitro fertilization and choose the embryos that are not affected with the mutation to be reimplanted. That again is a very individual choice, but something you should be aware of.
Insurance and genetic testing? Consider oophorectomy?
- Question from DDF: I had a stage 0 DCIS cancer 2 years ago at age 53. I have a family history of breast cancer, post menopause. My mother's genetic testing was negative. My daughter is 22. Should she or I be tested and when? I am concerned about insurance coverage issues in the future in conjunction with genetic testing. Also, should I consider an oophorectomy? I hear pros and cons.
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It would be important to look at your father's side of the family for any history of cancer. That may make it a reasonable choice for you to have genetic testing because you could have inherited an altered gene from your dad's side.
- Terri McHugh The federal government enacted a law in 2003 for discrimination against genetic testing for group health insurance plans.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Currently at the federal level, through the HIPAA laws, people who are part of a group health insurance plan cannot be discriminated against on the basis of genetic information. If you do not have a group plan, but have personal insurance, then the HIPAA law does not cover you. However, it's important to know that much more comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation is currently in front of Congress with a lot of momentum behind it for passage. Many advocacy groups are working diligently to move that legislation along. Despite the fact we don't have fully comprehensive protection against discrimination, our experience is that we're not seeing people being discriminated against. That's the good news. There are no laws that protect you against discrimination for life insurance plans, although we're not seeing discrimination in that area either.
- Terri McHugh Often with life insurance plans, your own family history of cancer may impact those premiums. In regards to the oophorectomy, the family history is important on both your mother's and father's side to see what other cancers may be present in the family, such as ovarian or reported cancer in the abdomen of unknown source. In the absence of any family history of ovarian cancer, and in a family that has only a presence of breast cancer, several small studies have shown the risk of ovarian cancer is not any greater than that of the general population in these women. Noah Kauff is the author of one such study, appearing in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, September 2005.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. We have a book that may help in the decision making of oophorectomy from the Fox Chase Cancer Center. If you send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com and request the book, we'd be happy to send it out to you. It was designed to assist women in thinking through all of the information that should be considered regarding pros and cons of elective ovary removal. I think it might be helpful for you.
Breast cancer type hereditary?
- Question from Lindalou: When breast cancer does run in the family, are they the same types - lobular vs. ductal with similar factors?
- Answers - Terri McHugh No, they do not have to be the same pathology and have the same hormone receptors.
What does the genetic test entail?
- Question from SCole: My sister, my grandmother, and one aunt have died from breast cancer. I have had a non-cancerous lump removed. Should I have my girls (ages 16 and 14) tested? What does the genetic test entail?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Genetic testing is always more effective or informative if you start with the person affected with cancer first. So before deciding if your daughters should be tested, if there is a living affected relative with cancer, that would be the best person to test if they are willing. The process should involve a counseling session with a genetics professional. That could be a doctor, genetic counselor, or nurse with special training who can explain all of the risks and benefits and work with you to understand payment options and insurance coverage. The test is typically done by a commercial laboratory, called Myriad Genetics. One tube of blood is drawn and sent to that laboratory. Many insurance companies cover the testing, if you meet family history criteria established by the insurance company.
- Terri McHugh The typical length of time for test results to be received is 3 weeks.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. In some academic centers, the genetic testing can also be done in the context of a research study.
Triple-negative breast cancer genetic?
- Question from PattyS: My mom had breast cancer when she was 65. I was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer at the age of 50. I'm now 4 years out and doing great. Should I get genetic testing? There is no other breast cancer in our family. I have 2 daughters and am concerned about them. Do you think there are subtypes within triple-negative breast cancer? Is all triple-negative breast cancer genetic?
- Answers - Terri McHugh You also need appropriate genetic counseling, and should be questioned about your family history of other cancers. Genetic testing is appropriate for you. We do not know if all triple-negative cancers are linked to a genetic mutation.
Test now for future generations?
- Question from LadyD: I just had a new baby granddaughter and I am a breast cancer survivor. I am wondering if I should have the BRCA test done for the future. I am the grandmother on the father's side. Thank you for any information.
- Answers - Terri McHugh Genetic testing may be appropriate for you to further outline breast cancer risks for your granddaughter. It would also be important to look at your granddaughter's maternal lineage and ethnicity on both sides.
Identify other genes before preventive measures?
- Question from CHodnet: I was diagnosed at 39. An aunt and several cousins on my maternal side were also diagnosed young, several premenopausal. I tested negative for BRCA, but the counselor said there could be an undetected genetic component, and it was cost prohibitive to test for every possibility. What measures should I consider (prophylactic ovary/breast removal) without knowing if there is a genetic component?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. We do see quite a number of families that have features of a hereditary syndrome, particularly young ages of diagnosis as in your family, and there is a limitation to the current research. But chances are good that in the future, we will identify other genes that may be the cause of the cancers in your family. Until that time, the decision for medical management such as ovary removal is best made with a trusted doctor.
Discrimination concerns for high-risk daughter?
- Question from Hambro: My sister and I have tested positive for BRCA1 mutation and have been the only two so far, since no one else has been tested. I have a daughter who is turning 25. When is the best time for my daughter to receive genetic testing? She has limited health insurance and I'm concerned about discrimination if she is positive and seeking future health insurances.
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Again, it would be wise for your daughter to meet for individual counseling to make this decision for herself as far as timing. We can refer you to the previous question about the status of legislation to protect against discrimination.
What genes does Oncotype DX test?
- Question from CindyM: How do the genes tested in the MammaPrint and Oncotype DX differ from the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Oncotype DX is a panel of 21 genes that indicate the recurrence potential of a breast tumor. It is used in particular cases of breast cancer, particularly early stage breast cancer, to help decide if women would benefit from chemotherapy or not. These genes are different than the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are tumor suppressor genes that are passed through families and predisposed to the development of breast cancer.
Ovarian cancer risk and BRCA genes?
- Question from MaryMcN: Is there a link between having the BRCA1 or 2 gene and a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer as well?
- Answers - Terri McHugh Absolutely. The risk for ovarian cancer with BRCA1 carriers can be as high as 54%. The risk for BRCA2 carriers can be as high as 27% during one's lifetime.
Why aren't hormone levels tested at diagnosis?
- Question from Ev: Hi, why are we who have breast cancer not tested at the time of diagnosis for estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. The typical tumor is analyzed for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Pathologists comment on lymphovascular invasion and the grade of tumor.
Genetic testing appropriate for daughter?
- Question from Bgirl: I'm 25 years old and my mother was diagnosed with HER-2 positive breast cancer at the age of 58. Would you recommend a BRCA test for me? There is history of other cancers in my extended family as well.
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It is most informative for the person affected with breast cancer in the family to have the genetic testing first. Perhaps you and your mother would want to seek risk assessment counseling together to explore this.
- Terri McHugh If your mother is unwilling to have genetic counseling and testing, then genetic testing may be appropriate for you.
Age to begin mammograms? How often?
- Question from Anne: I was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45. I have a 20-year-old daughter. At what age should she start having regular mammograms and at what frequency (e.g. annual)?
- Answers - Terri McHugh It is difficult to answer this question in the absence of other family history. If you are the only family member with breast cancer, then your daughter should have a baseline mammogram at age 30 and annual to begin at age 35. Personal factors in your daughter such as family history may alter these recommendations.
How to go about genetic testing?
- Question from Kay-3: How do we go about getting tested for our daughters' sakes?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. You can go to the website through the National Cancer Institute, with a listing of genetics professionals throughout the country. Another website is that of the National Society of Genetic Counselors, which has a list of professionals that are part of that organization.
Low cost genetic testing available?
- Question from TammyD: My sister did not think it was necessary to have the gene testing done because she had a double mastectomy. She can not afford to have the testing done because of the huge expenses she has already incurred. I would like to know if she has that gene so that I could get tested and know where my health risks are. Do you know of an organization that provides testing for a low cost?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. There is an assistance program through Myriad Genetics labs, which is the commercial testing. Another option is participating in a research test that could offer testing. This would most likely be found at an academic institution that does genetic research.
Should family test if no other history?
- Question from JennieD: I have an 82-year-old mother and sisters who are 56, 54, and 48. I was diagnosed at age 49 with IDC. I was very healthy with no risk factors and no family history of breast cancer. Now that I've had breast cancer, is it possible that I have the BRCA gene and that my sisters and mother might also? Should we have genetic testing or just continue to be diligent with our mammograms and breast self-exams?
- Answers - Terri McHugh Formal risk assessment with a certified counselor would help determine if genetic testing would be appropriate for you. Your paternal family history is important in addition to the information you have offered in making this assessment.
How to research unknown family history?
- Question from Just Me: How would one proceed to research breast cancer in a family in generations past? For instance, my mom does not know if her mom or her grandmother had breast cancer. Is there any way I can find out that you know of?
- Answers - Terri McHugh Researching the family genealogy, and at times death certificates, may be useful, as the cause of death should be listed.
What do test results mean?
Question from
I tested positive for a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, exon 11, 1323G>T, expected to produce inherited breast cancer phenotype. What does that mean?
- Answers - Terri McHugh The mutation that you were found to have inherited has significant lifetime risk for both breast and ovarian cancers.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. I'm sure the genetic counselor could help explain this in more detail, if it wasn't done at the time you received your results.
- Terri McHugh Additionally, they will help outline medical management.
When should daughters start screening if mom is positive?
- Question from CathyL: I am positive for the BRCA1 mutation. I know the genetic counselors say that my daughters shouldn't probably be tested for the mutation until at least 25 years of age, but I want to know if it's appropriate to ask for a baseline MRI of their breasts before that age. What age should they begin screening? I was diagnosed at 46, but another relative with the mutation died at age 36.
- Answers - Terri McHugh With this family history, it's appropriate to obtain a baseline breast MRI at age 25, unless symptoms warrant sooner, or if a girl has breast reduction surgery, in which case a postoperative mammogram and breast MRI should be obtained.
What is considered high risk?
- Question from KAllen: My mom was diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer at the age of 78. Does that make me high-risk? I am 43 years old and have been having annual mammograms since I was 32 years old.
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Any family history of cancer gives you some increased risk, but just how high that risk is could be better understood if you have a complete analysis of your family history on both sides of the family.
New research on genetic testing?
- Question from Website Question: What new research is being done in the whole field of genetic testing for breast cancer?
- Answers - Terri McHugh There is ongoing research to identify other genes or combinations of genes that increase risk of breast cancer.
Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C.
There's an area of research looking at what is called genetic modifier genes (genes that would work in conjunction with those genes we have already identified like BRCA1 and BRCA2). They may help us understand why certain people are more at risk for developing breast cancer, whereas others are more at risk for developing ovarian cancer, as well as the penetrance of cancer in other family members.
There is an excellent resource for families who carry mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, and that is found through a website called Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, or FORCE, and the website is www.facingourrisk.org. FORCE does a great job of providing education and support to families affected with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Most of their work is done online, but they also sponsor annual conferences. The next one is coming up in May 16-17 in Tampa, Florida. There is also a local Philadelphia-area chapter of FORCE that meets for education and support
Preventive options for BRCA1 positive?
- Question from Bugaloo: I have the BRCA1 gene and got breast cancer 2 months later (also had it 18 years ago). My daughter, age 33, also tested positive for BRCA1 gene. I've had a double mastectomy and ovaries removed. What would you recommend she do as a preventative measure?
- Answers - Terri McHugh Your daughter should meet with medical professionals to discuss the options for screening with early detection and risk reduction surgery. In the setting of a BRCA1 mutation, risk reduction bilateral oophorectomy is recommended after completion of childbearing. Certainly this does place a woman in surgical menopause and its associated symptoms. It has been shown that the earlier oophorectomy is performed in a BRCA1 mutation carrier, the greater the risk reduction for breast cancer.
Gene mutations that have not been discovered?
- Question from EHad: I am of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and surprised to learn that I am BRCA1/BRCA2 negative. My genetic counselor advises that my three daughters and one son are not at greater risk, and that I have no increased risk of ovarian cancer. How does my status impact my children? Are there other gene mutations for which we cannot test, or mutations not yet discovered?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Knowing which genes to test for is based on assessment of the complete family history of cancer. If there are other cancers other than breast in the family, there may be another syndrome for which testing is available. But this would only be more fully clarified if you seek counseling.
Environment vs. genetic risk?
- Question from BerniceT: Although science has only discovered BRCA1 and BRCA2, is it likely that all breast cancers are caused by an as-yet-undiscovered gene mutation? Or does environment alone cause breast cancer? I tested negative for 1 and 2, but still wonder if it was caused by some other unknown defective gene. I want to know what advice to give my daughter once she has grown up.
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. I think that we believe most cancers come from a series of events that are gene and environment-interaction-based. Lots of research is taking place to more fully understand these complex events. Depending on the age of your daughter now, by the time she grows up, we may have a much better understanding of all the factors that lead to development of cancer.
Help to get insurance to cover testing?
- Question from Unnell: My insurance company has denied my request for BRCA testing, even though I have a family history (my mom and a first cousin on my maternal side). The out-of-pocket cost of the testing is over $3,000! Is there anything I can say or do that will make the insurance company cover my testing? Would you, if you were me, proceed with the testing regardless of the insurance company?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It's hard to answer your question without knowing all the details of your particular situation. Your decision to proceed with testing is really a personal one so what I would do is not that relevant. Have you worked with a genetic counselor who has helped you understand the requirements of your insurance company for coverage? The reason I say this is because sometimes counselors can write letters of medical necessity on your behalf to the companies to request coverage. Sometimes we're successful and sometimes we're not.
- Terri McHugh An alternative, if insurance does deny coverage after meeting with a genetic counselor, is to test a relative who has had cancer. That might be most beneficial.
Add MRI to mammogram and BSE?
- Question from Maureen: I am a 53-year-old female with calculated risk 3.8% (sister and mother had breast cancer). Is there any benefit in adding MRI to annual mammogram and monthly self-exam?
- Answers - Terri McHugh Statistical models have been created to estimate a woman's chance of developing breast cancer based on various personal and/or family history factors. Having a calculated risk of breast cancer of 3.8% [the risk of developing breast cancer in the next 5 years], I assume you were using the Gail Risk Assessment Model. (A value equal to or greater than 1.7% places a woman in the high-risk category for breast cancer using the Gail model.) Your lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is at least 26%. Breast screening recommendations for women in this high-risk category include: monthly self-breast examination starting by age 18, clinical breast examination performed by a physician every 6 months, and annual mammogram. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends annual breast MRI in addition to annual mammogram, ideally alternating every 6 months. Additionally, chemoprevention with tamoxifen should be discussed with your treating physician(s), as it has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women by almost 50%.
Male prostate cancer raises risk for female breast cancer?
- Question from Sandefeet: Can a male with prostate cancer raise risks for female family members for breast cancer?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Not in every case, but in some families where there is breast or breast and ovarian cancer, we do find males with prostate cancer. If we see a man in such a family with an early onset of prostate cancer, i.e., in 40s or 50s, which is not a typical age of diagnosis, we would be suspicious of a hereditary syndrome.
- Terri McHugh If there was testing in such a family and altered BRCA gene was found, then yes, it would increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
How reliable is genetic testing?
- Question from Racine: How reliable is genetic testing? Where should it be done? How do I find a good genetic counselor?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. We've provided a reference to finding genetic counselors earlier in the chat, as well as labs for commercial testing and/or research.
- Terri McHugh The likelihood of having a false positive or false negative test is very low.
Any reason to not have genetic testing?
- Question from Bella: Are there good reasons for NOT having genetic testing when there is a family history? Are there instances when you might advise not to be tested?
- Answers - Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. Again, it's a very personal decision that should be made after looking at all the risks, benefits, and limitations. In my experience, we do not typically advise against it.
- Terri McHugh Most centers have support networks which patients can have access to a social worker or be connected with services such as Facing Our Risk.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. It is important that the person being tested provide informed consent, so if there is a physical or emotional or educational reason why the person does not understand the process it would be not advised to proceed with the testing.
Should males be concerned about genetic breast cancer risk?
- Question from WillRoth: I am a male who has had breast cancer. I have no children, but should my brother be concerned about his boys?
- Answers - Terri McHugh A male with breast cancer has a 20% chance of having a BRCA mutation. Genetic testing would be indicated for you, and if you are found to have the mutation, then other family members can make decisions regarding testing.
- Carol Cherry, M.S.N., R.N., A.P.R.N., B.C. I would strongly recommend to families who are considering genetic testing to seek out counseling as part of your decision making process. We've seen problems with a person being tested without fully understanding the process, and then having to pick up the pieces, so to speak, afterwards. I'd like to spare people that difficulty by having the counseling they deserve up front.
- Terri McHugh When genetic testing is performed, it is also extremely important that the patients understand their breast cancer risk. Whether that risk be that of a mutation carrier, or one that is based on a family history in the absence of a mutation, it is important that these individuals are guided and have the appropriate screening and potentially risk reduction surgeries performed.


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Nokia launched its latest flagship smartphone, the Lumia 920, in South Africa on Friday, according to local media.
The smartphone, which is the most powerful, feature-rich Windows phone ever is now on sale and available from Vodacom and MTN, while Cell C and 8ta subscribers would have to wait till the end of the year.
One of the killer features of the device is the revolutionary PureView camera technology with Carl Zeiss lens and Optical Image Stablisation which captures blur-free photos and videos even if the camera's shaking or in low light.
The Lumia 920 is expected to be sold at a retail price of about R8 000 in South Africa.
The device will be launched in Nigeria next week Tuesday and there are speculations that it would be sold for about N150,000.


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Despite health promotions, such as MyPlate, MyPyramid and Eat Five a Day, children still aren't consuming the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables. Two recent studies from the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics offer some insight to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables in children.
The first study found that if the portion size of fruits and vegetables are larger, children are inclined to eat more of them. Thirty children ages 4-6 increased vegetable intake by 37 percent and fruit intake by 70 percent when portions were doubled.
The Carroll County Senior Center is located at 110 Sixth St., Carrollton, (502) 732-7026
Wednesday, Aug. 1: Rummy tournament, 9:45 a.m.; computer help with Amy, 1-2 p.m.
Thursday, Aug. 2: Bunk-O, 10:30 a.m.
Friday, Aug. 3: Commodity pick-up, 8 a.m.; learn to play Rook or ping pong with Amy, 9:45 a.m.
As chief justice, I find it disheartening that I can no longer assure you that the courts in Kentucky will be open when you need them. For the first time in modern history, we will have to close every courthouse in the state to balance the Judicial Branch budget. For three days in 2012, we must furlough all court personnel and close all courthouse doors because the General Assembly has not allotted enough money to fund court operations at current levels.
Regular children's programing will be on vacation for the month of August. Sign your child up for "1,000 Books Before Kindergarten." Ask at the desk for details.
Wednesday, Aug, 1: Walk-away the pounds, 9 a.m.; Carroll County Animal Support, 10-noon; Zumba, 5:15 p.m.
Thursday, Aug. 2: Walk-away the pounds, 9 a.m.; GED help, 3:30 p.m.; ESL class, 6 p.m.
I spent several hours with my Club Sisters this past weekend discussing a menu we were going to prepare together. Of course, we got off on our many tangents, because that is what talking about food does for anyone. It started with us reminiscing about foods we had had throughout the years and oh how good they were.
The Kentucky State Fair is hiring temporary workers, and applications will be accepted starting Monday, Aug. 6.
By SARAH BEACH
The News-Democrat Intern
Carroll County native Erin Johnson has completed her medical degree.
Johnson, the daughter of Hazel and David E. Wilhoite, of Carrollton, finished her residency in combined internal medicine and pediatrics from the University of Kentucky.
Johnson, originally a Carroll County native, graduated from Carroll County High School in 2000. She attended Transylvania University and received her bachelors degree in 2004.
With my final deadline now just a couple of weeks away, time is running out and I am now to a point where I'm looking only for specific photos to make this Carroll County book project complete.
I have already scanned hundreds of wonderful photos, and now I have to go through and determine which ones will "make the cut." Thank you to everyone who has donated these images.
Copyright © 2017
The News-Democrat is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Carroll County, KY and the surrounding area.


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You're a contradiction, a paradox, you provoke conjecture, you're indecently noticeable.
He is shamelessly, indecently, monstrously lacking in the ironic sense.
He was hostile to his father's plans of reform, and indecently expressed a wish for his death.
If it wasn't that you're an indecently strong chap we'd get the jump on you every time.
He may not go offensively filthy nor indecently clad; there are limits to his free use of his body.
It will be unkind to poor Jack to hurry away from his grave so indecently.
Doctor Sanderson's place was so indecently far out anyway that you had to have a horse or an automobile.
The first sentence of Mr. Billing's speech was indecently nude.
Pete even seemed to Allan to be indecently happy, and his attempts at conversation met with scant encouragement.
It was indecently large, but Burton said he meant to screw them up to it.
1560s, "unbecoming, in bad taste," from French indécent (14c.), from Latin indecentem (nominative indecens), from in- "not, opposite of, without" (see in- (1)) + decens (see decent). Sense of "offending against propriety" is from 1610s. Indecent assault (1861) originally covered sexual assaults other than rape or intended rape, but by 1934 it was being used as a euphemism for "rape." Related: Indecently


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Stringy Topsy-turvy long Men Hairstyles 2014
Stringy Topsy-turvy long Men Hairstyles 2014. This is definitely a very charming way of letting your natural curls determine their natural course. This hairstyle creates a cool, nonchalant, and unaffected look which is charming and attractive to look at. If you want to be cool, yet appealing, you can always try to sport this kind of hairstyle.


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Wouldn't you be excited if your favorite team had 5 first-round draft picks in one season?
Granted, this is a perspective heavily weighted on the side of optimism. But consider the productivity this Vikings' team had going 6-10 last season at several key positions, and then consider the reasonable possibilities for 2007.
Every season there is at least one team that makes a dramatic turnaround.
Last season, it was the New Orleans Saints. Ignited by the addition of Reggie Bush the Saints went from 3-13 to 10-6. In 2005, the Chicago Bears improved from 5-11 the previous season to 11-5. The Carolina Panthers improved from 7-9 to 11-5 in 2005. In 2004, the Pittsburgh Steelers improved from 6-10 to 15-1. It happens every year.
The Vikings' five most recent first-round draft picks, for various reasons, were largely unproductive in 2006. If things come together, that could change dramatically in 2007.
These five players could be the key to improvement in the upcoming season:
RB Adrian Peterson (2007)
The Vikings got terrific production out of Chester Taylor last season. Taylor racked up 1,504 total yards from scrimmage (1,216 rushing; 288 receiving). But the load was a bit too much and he wore down a bit late in the season. The Vikings got good productivity from Artose Pinner, Mewelde Moore and Ciatrick Fason in spots, but none offered consistent excitement or Taylor's reliability.
Peterson, of course, was in college. So the Vikings got zero production from him last season. But the apt comparison is probably the situation in New Orleans last year, where Sean Payton found a way to utilize BOTH Deuce McAllister and Reggie Bush effectively. McAllister put up 244-1057-10 (4.3 avg.) rushing and 30-198-0 (6.6 avg.) receiving. Bush added 155-565-6 (3.6 avg.) rushing and 88-742-2 (8.4 avg.) receiving. Together they accounted for 2,562 yards from scrimmage.
Like the McAllister-Bush combination in New Orleans, the Taylor-Peterson duo are multi-purpose backs from scrimmage and catching the ball out of the backfield. A combined 2,500 yards or more from scrimmage from Taylor and Peterson is not that big a stretch.
LB Chad Greenway (2006)
Greenway blew out his knee in his first preseason game last season. He spent the entire season on injured reserve. Production in 2006? Like Peterson, zero.
By all accounts, Greenway is ready to step in and contribute like a first-round pick at weakside linebacker for the Vikings this season. He has shown no ill affects from the knee injury and has more familiarity with the system and his environment than a true rookie would.
Playing in the "featured" Will linebacker spot in this defense last season, E.J. Henderson had a breakout season with 109 total tackles, 2.5 sacks, 2 interceptions, 4 passes defensed, 1 forced fumble and 2 fumble recoveries. With no disrespect to E.J., Greenway is every bit the athlete and physical specimen and should do nothing but excel in the Vikings' defense as long as he stays healthy.
WR Troy Williamson (2005)
Williamson had a horrible season hanging onto the ball last season. He still caught a respectable 37 passes for 455 yards (12.3 avg.) but was coach-killing inconsistent. It didn't help that he had a quarterback (Brad Johnson)who could not get him the ball downfield, but even when he did (Tarvaris Jackson), Williamson looked like a guy with some sort of vision or depth-perception problem.
All indications are that Williamson has discovered the source of a vision problem and appears to have gradually re-established his confidence. The kid never had bad hands and showed in college and as a rookie that he can pluck the ball, but the drops completely destroyed his confidence.
If he can sustain the confidence and refine his game under the veteran coaching of receivers coach George Stewart, T-Will could finally have that breakthrough season. He's an incredible talent with rare speed.
DE Erasmus James (2005)
As a true rookie, James got off to a slow start after holding out coming into training camp. He earned a starting role for final 9 games ranking 5th among all NFL rookies and 2nd among linemen with 4.0 sacks on the season. Not spectacular, but okay with flashes of potential.
He entered 2006 as the starter at RDE. He had 4 quarterback hurries in the season opener (vs. Washington), another 3 QB hurries against Carolina, and recorded 4 tackles before tearing up his knee and missing the rest of the season.
A healthy Erasmus James is capable of being a double-digit sack guy in the Vikings' defensive scheme. If he can come all the way back, he could provide dramatic pass-rush improvement off the edge in 2007.
DE Keneche Udeze (2004)
As a true rookie in 2004, Kenechi Udeze had 5 sacks. His sophomore campaign (2005) in Minnesota was essentially wiped out by a knee injury. Last season, he started 15-of-16 games and led the Vikings with 13 tackles-for-loss, was second on the team with 41 quarterback hurries and was stout against the run. However, zero sacks. Zero.
In college, where they don't play 16 games, Udeze had 7.5 sacks (in 2002) and 16.5 sacks (in 2003) in his two full seasons as a starter at USC. Udeze is not incapable of being an effective pass rusher. In fact, it should ultimately be one of his strengths. He was close at least a half-dozen times last year, yet was unable to close the deal.
Given his work ethic, intensity and natural ability, Udeze should at least match his rookie numbers, and like James is very capable of developing into a double-digit sack guy.
Will all five players step up and have true first-rounder impact for the Vikings in 2007? Maybe not, but the likelihood of increased productivity over 2006 is very, very likely. And even if two or three emerge as impact players it will make a big, big difference. Perhaps the difference between 6-10 and 10-6 (or better)?


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Illustration I assignment. Requirements: Illustrate virtue and opposite (I chose "chastity" and "lust") in diptych form, use acrylics.
Illustrating Chastity and Lust, it seemed only natural for me to draw schoolgirls. I have no idea why. I suppose it was that same part of me that thought it'd be natural to give Chastity a Virgin Mary type of look, with white blonde hair that worked like a veil, and make Lust a redhead. I ended up discarding this piece halfway through because I, well, hated it. It was sad because I actually really liked the initial pencil stage. I started over about three times and I was still ridiculously frustrated with the piece I ended up bringing to class.
Here's the pencil stage, which I was super excited about...
This is when I started laying in the paint. All that swirly stuff (which you may recognize as the same spaghetti/water from here) in the back is my bedroom wall, which I painted right before school started. Maybe I'll post a full picture later. Anyway, yeah, this is when it started going to shit. I'm just bad at picking colors, I think.
I had a lot of talks with people when I was frustrated with the process. Here was a bit of dialog that happened in just about every conversation:
Person: So... Which one is Lust?
Me: What? The one on the right. She's looking up Chastity's skirt.
Person: Oh. Well... I don't know. Chastity looks kind of --
Me: Too sexy?
Person: Yeah.
Me: God, why does everything I draw have to be SO HOT?
Person: It's a curse.


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How would you spend an unexpected windfall of $30 million a year? More to the point, how would you spend this money so that it benefits 900,000 people, especially when it comes with a strong recommendation, though not necessarily a requirement, that it be spent combating the evils of smoking?
That's the question that was posed to Montanans and their elected representatives in the 2001 Legislature. It's a problem—if a large, no-strings-attached pile of money can be considered a problem—that has pitted the people of Montana against their governor, and many legislators against one another.
More than three years ago attorneys general across the United States, including Montana's, negotiated a landmark settlement with the tobacco industry in an effort to recoup some of the enormous amounts of money that states have paid out for decades treating health problems brought on by smoking. The Master Settlement Agreement, as the settlement came to be called, resulted in a payment that would have bankrupted lesser industries: $246 billion. Montana's share of that settlement amounted to $832 million to be paid to the state in annual installments of about $30 million a year for the next 25 years.
Predictably, some of the more shortsighted legislators, notably Hamilton's Allan Walters, saw the settlement as a way to pay for other government services now without hitting up current taxpayers. As for 25 years from now when the payments stopped coming and those services still has to be funded? Among some the view was damn the future, let someone else worry about it. Those legislators who took the longer view, however, saw the settlement for what it was intended: a pot of money that could address the enormous public health care problems associated with tobacco use. If effective anti-smoking programs could be devised—and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have already shown that they can—then the long-term health problems caused by tobacco use would be reduced, sparing the lives and pocketbooks of future Montanans.
For a time Montana's communities and schools were aggressively tackling tobacco use, thanks in large part to former Republican Gov. Marc Racicot's $3.5 million annual budget aimed squarely at the problem. That anti-tobacco program took a multi-pronged approach to reducing tobacco use, from smoking cessation hotlines to school-based programs in most Montana counties. But before its effectiveness could be fully gauged, Gov. Judy Martz, less than three months into the job, cut the funding for that program by 86 percent, inciting a firestorm of criticism from public health advocates, with whom the governor would barely speak to discuss the cuts. The governor's attitude towards the anti-smoking lobby rankled plenty of lawmakers, including Rep. Christine Kaufmann (D–Helena), who says, "I think that's a very bad tone for the governor to say 'I'm not going to meet with people I don't agree with.'"
In addition to the budget cuts, administration of the trust fund was transferred from the Department of Public Health and Human Services (DPHHS) Chronic Disease Division to an agency called the Intercoordination Council Prevention Resource Center, or PRC, which is linked administratively to the governor's office. This change was made in the waning days of the 2001 legislative session, and because it was done with neither discussion nor input from the Legislature or the public, it created plenty of hard feelings.
Ironically, in the same November 2000 election that brought Martz into office, voters also approved by a three-to-one margin Constitutional Amendment 35, which established the Tobacco Trust Fund, directing 40 percent of Montana's share of the settlement into a trust fund, with the remaining 60 percent dedicated to the general fund. Ninety percent of the interest generated by that fund is supposed to be spent on health care, with the remaining 10 percent going back into the trust. By law, only the Legislature can appropriate money from the trust, and it takes a two-thirds vote from both houses of the Legislature to spend the principal, or "bust the trust."
After voters approved of the fund, but only days before it was officially established, Gov.-elect Martz gave Montana's public health advocates a taste of what was to come when she attempted to redirect the first $3.6 million installment into the state general fund instead. Racicot, who was out of the state at the time, was informed of Martz's move and successfully blocked it. The Tobacco Trust Fund, an overwhelming hit with the public and health care professionals, had survived its first assault.
More than a year later, however, questions are still accruing. How much money is in the fund right now? How much interest has been generated? Has the money been appropriated for health care and if so, how much of it has been spent? What about tobacco prevention programs, now funded by a paltry half-million dollars? How did such programs fare after Martz's effort to balance the budget with tobacco prevention dollars?
What seem like very simple questions for DPHHS result in polite, almost eagerly given answers heavily laden with bureaucratese such as "impact evaluations" and "outcome measures," and government acronyms like MTUPP and PRC. It is, as state health officials put it, very complicated.
To date, $14.1 million have been deposited into the Tobacco Trust Fund, generating $2.9 million in interest. During the 2001 legislative session, legislators appropriated slightly more than $3 million for healthcare for the 2002 and 2003 biennium, though not necessarily for health care problems directly related to tobacco use.
The lion's share of the interest income—$1.7 million, or 56 percent—was earmarked for nursing homes. Hospitals received another 23 percent, or $704,000, and dental and mental health services received the remainder.
All of these expenditures from the tobacco trust, says DPHHS spokesman Ken Pekoc, paid for rate increases in the state Medicaid program. Medicaid, which contracts with various health care providers like nursing homes and hospitals, experienced cost overruns due primarily to the downturn in the economy and increases in drug prescription prices. The more people out of work, the greater the drain on Medicaid.
The $3 million may not have been spent on anti-smoking programs or helping individuals pay for their lung cancer treatment as many Montanans believed it would when they established the Tobacco Trust Fund. But nor did it go to filling potholes, extending sewer lines in fast-growing suburbs, or for any of those costly services people want but don't necessarily want to pay for out of their own pockets.
Senator Mignon Waterman (D–Helena) says a tight budget and higher Medicaid costs justified the Legislature's decision to spend the trust interest on cost overruns. At $120 million a year, she adds, the program could use the entire $30 million the state is slated to receive each year for its part of the settlement.
The legislative decision to spend its first pot of cash on Medicaid increases may put Montana slightly ahead of some states when it comes to spending tobacco settlement money appropriately, but still well behind most others.
Last January, the tobacco industry's biggest critic, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, released a report that was harshly critical of how states have spent their cash windfall thus far. In fact, only five states are spending their tobacco windfall at the minimum levels recommended by the CDC. Needless to say, Montana is not one of them.
According to the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, the CDC recommends that each state spend between 20 and 25 percent of its tobacco settlement on tobacco prevention. Most states are spending less than half that, and some, facing huge budget deficits, are spending all of their settlement money to balance the budget. Only Arizona, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi and Minnesota are funding their tobacco prevention programs at the CDC minimum. Nineteen states, including those five, have committed 50 percent of their CDC minimum funding to anti-smoking programs; 16 have earmarked one-quarter to one-half the recommended funding, and 12 states have committed less than 25 percent. Three states and the District of Columbia are spending none of their settlement dollars on tobacco prevention programs.
So how does Montana measure up on the spending roster? Surprisingly, Montana ranks well below Mississippi, often the low standard for comparisons when it comes to state-by-state statistics. While Mississippi ranks up there in the top five, Montana is way down the list in the 12 states that have committed less than 25 percent of its CDC-recommended spending guidelines.
As of December 2001 Montana had received a total of $61 million in tobacco settlement money, 40 percent of which had been deposited into the Tobacco Trust Fund, the remainder into the general fund to be spent on general government services.
The CDC recommends that Montana spend somewhere between $9.3 million and $19.6 million on prevention and education, a large enough difference that leaves plenty of room for public debate on how the money should be spent. Instead, Montana is spending a paltry $1.3 million to prevent kids from lighting up, leaving Montana in 43rd place in the prevention war.
That figure may be somewhat misleading, however, since Montana's tobacco-prevention program doesn't just include tobacco settlement money. Rather, it's funded by $500,000 from the general fund—reduced by the Legislature at Martz's suggestion from a Racicot Administration budget of $3.5 million—and another $875,000 from the CDC.
Though Montana's prevention programs didn't grind to a halt with an 86 percent reduction in funding, they did lose considerable momentum. Some Montanans were outraged at the drastic cut and let the governor know. Others aren't even convinced that prevention programs work at all. Rep. Jim Shockley (R–Victor) voted against the Tobacco Trust Fund because, as he puts it, prevention programs are all talk and no action. "Kids already know smoking is bad for you," he says.
But Alla Brooks, a registered nurse and co-chair of Tobacco-Free Ravalli County, says that her program was making real progress when the funding was pulled out from under them. "Locally, we felt we were on track with four different goals," she says, referring to education, smoking cessation, programs aimed at kids, and programs for "special needs" populations like pregnant women and those who chew tobacco. "We had a lot of things initiated, and when the ax fell we were lucky we only got cut in half, when you consider the program was cut 86 percent."
After the cut, Tobacco-Free Ravalli County, which Brooks thought was secure for the next six or seven years, regrouped and put together a new work plan and grant application for the state. "From our perspective, instead of being out there doing the work, we have to submit another grant application," Brooks says. "I'm not saying it's all come apart, but it's like starting from scratch. We had to reprioritize what we were doing with half the funding. We lost the momentum."
Likewise, Tobacco-Free Missoula program coordinator Ellen Brown has had to scale back that prevention program as well. She did so not by eliminating projects, but by folding the anti-smoking message into existing programs, like high school sports and the YMCA. "We've had to scale back our strategies, but we still hit the main areas," she says. Tobacco-Free Missoula now makes more use of existing resources like St. Patrick Hospital and Partnership Health Center, and still offers some anti-smoking programs independently, like the Kick Butts Day to be held on April 3. But the program has had to cut back in other areas, such as its training for tobacco retailers and smoker cessation programs. "It's what we've been able to do, and we certainly won't give up," she says.
These days the Montana Tobacco Use Prevention Program (MTUPP) spends its $1.375 million on 36 contracts around the state. Communities and Native American tribes tap into that fund to provide their own tobacco prevention programs.
Snuffing out the butts
So, are prevention programs effective? While a few skeptics like Rep. Shockley say no, the CDC says otherwise—and has hard numbers to prove it. The CDC lists four states—California, Massachusetts, Oregon and Florida—which have dramatically reduced smoking rates through aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. In Massachusetts, per capita cigarette consumption dropped 20 percent between 1992 and 1996, when voters there increased tobacco taxes to fund a statewide mass-media anti-smoking campaign. California's per capita cigarette consumption dropped 16 percent during that same period. Oregon's per capita consumption declined by more than 11 percent between 1996 and 1998 after a similar prevention and education program was approved by voters. In Florida, smoking among middle-school students—a critical target population for both the tobacco industry and its foes—declined 3.5 percent after that state implemented a counter-marketing media campaign in 1998.
Tobacco use among high schoolers declined from 27.4 percent to 25.2 percent. In fact, the CDC, in its "Best Practices" guidelines, ranks community programs as the single most important component in preventing tobacco use.
Says Waterman, "It's kind of like people who think seat belts don't save lives or that restricted drivers licenses for teenagers don't save lives."
Legislators' opinions or lack of support from the Martz administration may not prove to be much of a hindrance to tobacco foes who want to see more money dedicated to anti-smoking programs. Last week, a group of Montana health care, senior and "good government" organizations banded together under an umbrella group called The Alliance for a Healthy Montana, and filed a voter initiative that would earmark larger amounts from the tobacco settlement for healthcare.
According to the Alliance, Montana sends $18 million in tobacco settlement money to the general fund every year. The proposed initiative (which is currently under review and doesn't yet have a number assigned to it) would restore funding to tobacco prevention by tapping into the 60 percent that now goes into the general fund. Instead, 32 percent of Montana's settlement money would go toward funding a comprehensive, statewide tobacco use prevention program. An additional 17 percent would go to the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and the Montana Comprehensive Health Association, a program established by the Legislature to make health insurance available to Montanans who cannot get insurance because of uninsurable conditions.
The new initiative still leaves 11 percent of the $30 million a year for the general fund. No doubt the initiative will be opposed by lawmakers who prefer to use the settlement money to balance the budget, but Kristin Page Nei of the American Cancer Society thinks the initiative will have popular support. "Now is the time to do the right thing with tobacco settlement dollars," she says in a prepared statement. "Montana's kids are under a constant barrage of advertising and marketing from tobacco companies to the tune of $26 million per year. We think most Montanans want the settlement money to be spent for its intended purpose, so we're taking the issue directly to the people of Montana to let them decide how the money should be used."
The Alliance must collect 30,000 signatures by June 21 to qualify for the November ballot.
The task ahead of the Alliance may not be as daunting as it may appear. A May 2001 poll found that only 14 percent of Montanans approved of what Martz and the Legislature have done to the tobacco prevention budget. Seventy-nine percent expressed disapproval. If those numbers still hold true, collecting 30,000 signatures in the next three-and-a-half months should not be difficult.
Senator Waterman, who was deluged with mail about tobacco prevention during the last session, mostly in strong support, believes the initiative backers will not only get their signatures, but will prevail at the polls in November as well.
"I've got as much mail on [tobacco prevention] as anything else," she says. "I think Montanans support the tobacco trust and would be very upset with the Legislature if they tried to break it. My guess is [the Alliance] will have a good shot at it."
If the initiative fails at the polls, don't look for any changes in the Martz administration's stance toward tobacco prevention efforts. Says Rep. Kaufmann, "With the current administration it will not change. Martz's policy is to use that money for general government [services] rather than tobacco prevention." Repeated phone calls from the Independent seeking the governor's position on increased tobacco funding went unanswered.
If the Tobacco Trust Fund is to truly serve as a health care savings account for the future, then present-day Montanans may have to take it upon themselves to make it happen. Otherwise, it may turn out to be nothing more than a short-term money source for every lawmaker's pet project.


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Rainy River Reports Ontario Gold Assays up to 2.9 g/t over 84m, 4.9 g/t over 45mJuly 19th, 2012
Rainy River Resources Ltd TSX:RR reported results from its Rainy River Gold Project in northwest Ontario. Highlights include
2.3 grams per tonne gold, 0.7 g/t silver over 24 metres
4.9 g/t gold, 3.7 g/t silver over 45 metres
(including 15 g/t gold, 3.2 g/t silver over 4.5 metres)
1.8 g/t gold, 1.7 g/t silver over 16.5 metres
(including 5.9 g/t gold, 4.2 g/t silver over 3 metres)
1.6 g/t gold, 1.3 g/t silver over 15 metres
1.2 g/t gold, 8.6 g/t silver over 33.5 metres
4.7 g/t gold, 21.2 g/t silver over 8.1 metres
2.5 g/t gold, 2.3 g/t silver over 25.5 metres
1.1 g/t gold, 2.5 g/t silver over 42 metres
2.7 g/t gold, 1.4 g/t silver over 16.5 metres
2.9 g/t gold, 3 g/t silver over 84 metres
(including 13.3 g/t gold, 4.9 g/t silver over 10.5 metres)
1.5 g/t gold, 1.2 g/t silver over 25.5 metres
5.7 g/t gold, 4.4 g/t silver over 10.5 metres
(including 33.6 g/t gold, 23.7 g/t silver over 1.5 metres)
President/CEO Raymond Threlkeld commented: "The continuity of mineralization, as indicated by our deep drilling results, has been very encouraging, as have the elevated grades we have encountered within the proposed starter pit and near the ultimate pit bottom. Over the remainder of the year, Rainy River plans to focus exploration efforts on deep drilling as well as district targets in order to expand resources."
Indi Gopinathan
Director, Investor Relations
Read a feature story about Rainy River
Read an interview with CEO Ray Threlkeld
by Kevin Michael Grace


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If youre looking for non-stop excitement every day, you should be working at Alton Towers Resort. You see, were much more than the UK's leading theme park. Now, with a 40,000 square foot water park, a luxury spa, two exquisite restaurants and a fully equipped conference centre, we're establishing ourselves as the biggest name in leisure, hospitality and tourism. Our two themed hotels are open 363 days a year, catering for both leisure and corporate guests, with everything from fine dining to Europe's first sleepover den. And to keep up the standards our guests have come to expect, we need talented people on board who are as serious about fun as we are.
We have opportunities across our resort in Staffordshire - from working on our family rides and white-knuckle roller coasters, to serving in our many retail outlets and bars. We employ people in all areas from housekeeping to conference services, from lifeguarding to catering. But for all the different jobs our people do, theres a certain set of qualities they all share and were looking for more people like them.
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So, if you think youve got what it takes to help create a fantastical day out for our guests, click here to find out more.


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Charle Dunn passes
By Ray Wheatley — World of Boxing
Australian lightweight star from the 1950s, Charlie Dunn has passed away from a lung disease in Sydney, New South Wales at the age of 81 years. Charlie was born in Enfield in 1930 and made his professional debut at the age of 16 years – boxing a three round draw with Al Lawrence at Sydney Stadium in 1946. After twelve bouts in prelim ranks, Charlie defeated Jimmy Boyle over ten rounds in 1949. Charlie's best wins were over Len Pippen in 1949, Ken Wenman and Pat Ford in 1951, Welterweight Bert Hornby in 1953. Americo Agostini in 1954, Mickey McDonald in 1955. The most impressive victory for Dunn came on June 18, 1956 when he blasted out "KO King" Colin Clarke when referee Vic Patrick crowned Charlie at 2.44 of round two. Clarke had defeated Don McTaggart of Scotland, Sergio Milan of Italy and Spaniard Augustin Argote. Australian George Bracken also lost to Clarke by KO in two rounds. Funeral Service will be held for Charlie Dunn at St Benedicts Church in Broadway, Sydney on Friday. Charlie will be missed by his family and many friends from the Australian boxing fraternity.


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This is the second half of my review on the Crossbreed Supertuck Holster. For that missed the first part of the review you can find it here.
First let me say that I would recommend this holster to anyone and have already done so.
Got that out of the way.
I received my Supertuck on the 8/10 and have been wearing it non stop with my M&P9.
Once I found the position and cant that worked for me, this holster was very comfortable. It was easy to forget it was there (except for the weight of the weapon).
The materials have held up ok. I know it hasn't been long enough to really get a good idea of how this holster will hold up, but as of right now everything looks good. With the exception of the clips having sharp edges (explained in first review) I have no complaints about the workmanship.
I did have one problem that kept resurfacing. I noticed several times that when sitting down the muzzle of my firearm was contacting the seat through my pants. When this happened the firearm was pushed up far enough for the trigger guard to clear the Kydex. This is bad. Real bad. I saw this happen 4 times when sitting down in everything from my car to a wooden chair to a pleather covered booth at a restaurant.
Needless to say I almost messed myself the first time it happened. After the first instance I started carrying my M&P with the chamber empty. Not at all the way I would prefer, but after this incident I decided it was necessary. The 4th and final time was last Wed. I went out and got into the car and felt the gun rise out of the holster. Sure enough the trigger guard was out and the trigger was in the open. I promptly went back in the house and took off the holster. I am now back to carrying my 642. Needless to say I have sent an email to the folks at CB and asked for instructions on how to return the holster.
Now let me say that there are many people that love this holster and wear it daily. I believe this to be a good holster. I think the problem I have seen maybe due to my carry position and my body style. I think the problem could be fixed by making the Kydex portion of the holster longer to cover the muzzle.
Again, I would recommend this holster to anyone and have already done so. If you are looking for an IWB holster this may be the one for you.
Finally let me say thanks to the the folks over at Crossbreed and how nice it is to have a two week guarantee on a holster. I think we all have enough holsters that were one hit wonders.


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just did my first oil change
Thanks for the excellent directions YORGI!!! you made it easy...appreciate it...including the beer breaks!!
Glad the instructions helped. The beer breaks are the most important steps.
Going to do it on my 650i in a day or 2, should be the same as the N62 on the 550i :) ....time to save some $$$
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Would you buy a FORD FOCUS DIESEL?
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Originally Posted by
Cost for 300 miles at 30 mpg gas, and diesel at 40 mpg. I have heard of light footed TDI engines getting better than 40, but we'll go with these figures for demonstration.
US current gasoline and Diesel prices
Current prices by State/City
Ok, so let's go with the national average as of 7/09/12
Regular gasoline: 3.41
Diesel Fuel: 3.68
300 mi on 10 gal gasoline = 34.10
300 mi on 7.5 gal diesel = 27.60
Let's look at current prices vs 20k miles- average mileage per year
20k@ 30 mpg= 666.67 gal = $2273.33
20k@ 40 mpg= 500 gal = $1840
Per year at only 40 mpg compared to 30 mpg regular gasoline= $400 difference, so yeah, at that rate you'd have to own the vehicle for 5 years before you'd recoup your price difference. That's probably correct due to the volatility of diesel prices vs gasoline, and the lower the price difference becomes, the lower your savings become.
I don't know many gasoline cars that actually get better than a 30 mpg average per year, and I'd be curious if diesels could do more than 40 mpg per year. I do hear some crazy stuff from TDI owners- like 50+ mpg, and in car magazine tests where the pedal is either floored or the car is not on, TDIs got more than 30 when gasoline engines were rarely over 25.
That being said. I think Mazda is on the right track for fuel cost with their SkyActiv engines. I've heard near diesel mileage from those hi compression 5 strokers- and that's without GDI. I wonder if GDI would do better, but I'm sure Mazda is either saving that, or it can't be done that way.
I have a friend in the Aurora, IL area where diesel is, at the moment, 10c cheaper per gallon than regular 87. He's definitely recouping any losses he may have had over purchasing the regular petrol version of his Golf. Plus, I'm sure he's enjoying his Audi-quality interior.
Ideally, I'd rather see a lot of investment in fuel-cell cars. There's still only one or two with EXTREMELY limited availability in the USA (Merc has one, so does Honda). That's the future right there. I say tiny fuel cell econobox for the weekdays... 6-litre V12 monstrosity for making a joyful sound on Sunday!
Kay - HN#79
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Speed Possible Factor in Critical Car Crash
Police say speed was a possible factor in a single-car crash on the H-2 freeway which injured two people -- one of them critically. It happened at 7:13 Thursday night. A man in his 20s was driving a Mazda sedan northbound, when he decided to take the Ka Uka offramp - too late. The car crashed into a drainage ditch, then hit a guardrail, rolled over and slid more than 100 feet on its roof. The man was taken to a trauma center in critical condition with head and internal injuries. His 22-year-old female passenger was also hospitalized in serious condition.


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[STANFORD: Women] Stanford senior goalkeeper Emily Oliver, a Soccer America Preseason All-American, has retired from soccer because of a series of concussions, the latest of which was suffered against Portland on Aug. 31. The 2011 All-America and College Cup Defensive MVP, who never lost a regular-season match, retires with the third-lowest goals-against average (0.36) on the all-time NCAA Division I list.
Oliver has had a series of concussions, including the latest against Portland on Aug. 31, which
has forced her to step away from the game.
The Flossmoor, Ill., native completes her career with the school-record goals-against average, breaking the Stanford standard of 0.45 held since
2004 by U.S. national team veteran Nicole Barnhart.
"I've had a lot of concussions," Oliver said. "So my risk is very high
now. Going through this process of deciding this direction, I can't even put into words how helpful it has been to be with the team and all these girls that make it bearable. Honestly,
it's a tribute to them that they can help me through this. I can't even put words to it. They've really held me up and kept me going."
A concussion suffered in the
spring of 2012 caused Oliver to miss the first seven matches of the 2012 season. But she recovered to post a 0.54 GAA and earn her second consecutive All-Pac-12 first-team honor.
"Emily's personality encapsulates everything we do here at Stanford," said goalkeepers coach Jay Cooney. "She's competitive, she
works hard, she never says die. She puts everything into everything that she does. To have her career cut short … it's sad. It's a sad moment for the whole program. But we're
really trying to celebrate what she did in the three-plus years she was able to play, and it's been remarkable. She set the benchmark for everyone on her team and the players to
This season, Oliver started the first three matches and earned one shutout while posting a 0.70 GAA before a collision at the edge of the penalty area in the 51st minute of
a 1-1 draw against Portland caused her to leave the field for the final time.
"I'm very sad that Emily is having to retire at a young age," Stanford head coach Paul Ratcliffe said. "But she has accomplished so much at Stanford. She helped us win our national championship. She's been a great leader for the
program, and I think she'll continue to be a great leader until she graduates. She's an unbelievable competitor, has amazing character and has been the foundation for the program for the
last four years. Emily will go down in the record books as one of the greatest goalkeepers ever to play at Stanford, and we have a tradition of having incredible goalkeepers."
goalkeepers at Stanford include freshman starter Jane Campbell, one of the most heralded goalies to come out of the U.S. girls national team program in recent