text:
t h e m a g a z ine o f t h e u ni v er s it y
m inne s o t a l i b r a rie s
inside: Uncharted Territory Delving Deeper Maps of the Body
issue Fall/WINTER 2007
photo: Nancy G. Johnson
Waldseemüller, Friedman, and Google This issue of continuum explores maps and mapping in the broadest sense. The theme is occasioned by a significant anniversary of our most treasured map, the Waldseemüller globe gores, the first map of the world to depict America. The 1507 map is thought to be one of only four in existence and is part of the University Libraries' James Ford Bell Library. Bell, the founder of General Mills, was both a skilled businessman and a collector of rare books, manuscripts, and maps, and his interests in the history of exploration and commerce shaped an extraordinary collection which he later entrusted to the University. The Waldseemüller map was a critical acquisition, capturing a point in time that signaled an expanded world for trade and an ever-changed worldview. Scroll forward 500 years to another era where our worldview is changing. In The World is Flat, Thomas Friedman (another Minnesotan) has described a new paradigm for 21st century commerce. The flattened world is prompted by shifts in political power and global business trends and fueled by new technologies, including the advent of the World Wide Web and search engines like Google. For those of you who have read Friedman's work, you might recall the opening paragraphs in which the author describes a golf game in Bangalore where the visual targets along the course were buildings occupied by Microsoft, IBM, HP, and Texas Instruments (and the caddie was wearing a hat from 3M). His book describes a 24 by 7 world where radiologists in Australia might easily respond to midnight requests to review CAT scans originating in the U.S. Waldseemüller broadened our horizon beyond Europe, and Friedman brings us full circle to experience a global, virtual economy. Waldseemüller captured the opportunities of the 16th century in an early printed map, while Friedman captures the opportunities of the 21st century. Both helped make sense of profound changes for their contemporaries.
dance in our collections and on the Internet. You'll read in this issue about a new portal service we've developed to help structure and filter relevant resources, presenting different views of library resources to different communities of users, depending on their discipline background. This past June, the University of Minnesota seized the opportunity to contribute to an exciting digitization program that offers tremendous potential for access to our collections. Our Libraries joined a unique partnership between Google and the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) consortium (the Big 10 universities, plus the University of Chicago). The plan is to digitize some 10 million volumes from CIC collections, with up to one million from the University Libraries here at Minnesota. Google Book Search offers unprecedented access—not just to the authors and titles of works, but to every word on every page of every volume. Just think of the possibilities of finding occurrences of words or buried information about individuals or places. Google's library partnerships now include more than two dozen institutions, allowing a global audience to tap rich collections of institutions such as Harvard, Princeton, Oxford, or the Universities of Michigan, Virginia, or California. Why did the University of Minnesota decide to become part of the CIC-Google partnership? The ability to search individual volumes provides unprecedented access. Digitized copies will preserve the intellectual content (while we maintain the physical object), a critical value given the deterioration that is occurring in contemporary libraries as acid-based paper turns our 19th and 20th century collections to brittle artifacts. But there are other benefits. Minnesota can offer a truly extraordinary collection to the world. Back in the 1940s, we were the sixth largest research library collection in North America. While our ranking has slipped over time (we're currently 15th), digitization of our rich historical resources and efforts to make them available to the world via the Internet is a feat of the scale that both Waldseemüller and Friedman would appreciate. Waldseemüller put America on the map. Now Google will put the University of Minnesota Libraries' collections on the map as well.
Mapping and navigation provide nice metaphors for libraries. Every day, our staff is engaged in assisting students, faculty, and visitors in navigating the complexities of information abun-
Wendy Pradt Lougee
university librarian mcknight presidential professor
continuum fall/winter 2007, number 6
University Librarian McKnight Presidential Professor Wendy Pradt Lougee
Editor Christopher James
Designer Mark Fox Photographers Jayme Halbritter Contributing Writers Timothy Cronin, Erin George, Christopher James, Wendy Pradt Lougee, Paul Nagel, Jim Thorp, Lucy Vilankulu continuum is the magazine of the University of Minnesota Libraries, published twice each year. It is mailed to a broad readership that includes audiences both on and off campus. continuum supports the mission of the University Libraries and our community of students, faculty, staff, alumni, and friends by providing information that: › highlights news, events, developments, and trends within the Libraries
Short Stacks News from the University of Minnesota Libraries
Uncharted Territory The James Ford Bell Library collection illuminates the history of trade and our insatiable need to explore new places
Campus Perspectives
Friends of the Libraries
Delving Deeper
Resources in the Borchert Map Library reveal complex views of the earth
Maps of the Body Anatomy atlases in the Wangensteen Historical Library aid University researchers and teachers from a range of disciplines
Mapping Affinities The new online "MyLibrary" portal maps users' interests to customized library experiences
› examines issues facing libraries globally › provides a forum for dialogue › connects the many constituencies of the Libraries continuum is available in alternative formats upon request. Contact (612) 625-9148 or firstname.lastname@example.com Send correspondence to: continuum editor › university of minnesota libraries 499 o. meredith wilson library 309 19th avenue south minneapolis, mn 55455 › firstname.lastname@example.com
c ov e r : An 1871 map of Minnesota from the collection of the John R. Borchert Map Library For more information about the University of Minnesota Libraries visit www.lib.umn.edu Printed on recycled paper containing 10% post-consumer waste The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer © 2007 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota
news from
the university
of minnesota
S T A libr aries
A Bridge for Tomorrow's Leaders The University of Minnesota Libraries are
making a successful transition from high school to the
a complex network of academic resources.
University. This summer saw the inaugural session of the
And for incoming freshmen, including those
program, when 80 students from a variety of cultural, racial,
from traditionally underrepresented groups,
economic, and geographic backgrounds spent six weeks at
the unfamiliar world of the University – the
the U, engaged in a rigorous academic schedule. The curricu-
Libraries included – may at times seem intimi-
lum includes two University courses and in-depth training in
dating. But the Bridge to Academic Excellence,
library skills.
a new University program, has helped turn this set of challenges into an opportunity for these future leaders to excel. Spearheaded by the Office of Equity and
by Timothy Cronin
The Libraries' contribution—an instructional series meeting one hour each week—was established by librarian Jody Gray. "So often, we hear from students who are graduating, 'I wish I'd known that when I started,'" says Gray. "This is a way to
Diversity, the Bridge to Academic Excellence
get at them right away so they aren't seniors and struggling."
provides students with tools integral to
Learn more at www.bridgetoexcellence.umn.edu.
Twelve Months of Kerlan Looking to liven up your workspace? Searching for unique holiday gifts? Look no further – the Kerlan Collection 2008 Calendar is here. Featuring vibrant, full-color images from
and fascinating artists' studies exclusive to the Collection. To order yours ($15 for one, $25 for two), visit http://special.lib. umn.edu and click on "What's New."
the Kerlan Collection of children's literature, the calendar provides a view into this colorful resource at the University of Minnesota Libraries. It's also a beautiful decoration for your home or office. The Kerlan Collection was founded in 1949 by U alumnus Irvin Kerlan, M.D.. A part of the University Libraries' Archives and Special Collections department, the Collection houses more than 100,000 children's books today and includes original manuscripts, artwork, and more from thousands of titles. The Collection offers researchers and the public a glimpse of children's authors' and illustrators' creative processes. The calendar features images of both finished illustrations
East Meets West The Chinese word Ma can mean four completely different
Romanized forms of words. Now users of library computers
things depending on how it's pronounced. Important mean-
can search for resources using cjk characters, and the records
ings are often confused in translation from Chinese, Japanese,
will appear in cjk. Users can even search for cjk records
or Korean characters to the Roman alphabet. Now imagine
using the Roman alphabet. New indexes are also available for
searching electronic databases in these languages with only
browsing Chinese, Japanese, and Korean authors and titles.
Roman letters at your disposal. Until recently, this has been the difficult task of researchers of Chinese, Japanese, and
So whether a researcher is looking for resources on horses or curses, mothers or things that make you numb (the four
Korean texts. But the arrival of cjk (Chinese, Japanese, and
possible meanings of Ma), this new service advances the
Korean) characters to the University Libraries catalog pro-
ways we search and the accuracy of our results. For more in-
vides welcome clarity to searches. Before cjk, records in these languages could only be
formation, contact librarian Su Chen in the East Asian Library at email@example.com.
found in MNCAT, the Libraries' electronic catalog, using the image: Illustration from Millions of Cats by Wanda Gàg.
on the map (issue 6)
Webotany Wondering where you can find some Northern Lights aza-
Andersen Horticultural Library and Magrath Library, PlantInfo
leas for your garden? Or where to find sources for horticul-
is updated daily and features an easily searchable database
tural research? These answers and more can be found for
of over 100,000 plants that can be shipped from over 930
free with the University Libraries' database Plant Information
North American firms; you can even search for local nurser-
Online, one of the world's largest resources for botanical and
ies. The resource also offers links to expert-selected sites
horticultural information. Previously a subscription service
about growing plants in your region. And for those research-
that was free only to U faculty, staff, and students, Plant
ers looking for deeper resources, PlantInfo provides biblio-
Information Online (or PlantInfo for short) is now free for
graphic details for nearly 350,000 citations to color images in
public use.
scientific books, journals, and gardening magazines. Learn more at plantinfo.umn.edu.
Developed and maintained by University librarians at
Preservation and Access in a Digital Age As the University of Minnesota community grows, so do its
across disciplines. As a university digital repository, materials
contributions to the academy. Who is preserving and pro-
in the udc result in higher ranking records in Google search-
viding access to this important information in this digital
es, making faculty research easily accessible to a worldwide
age? The University Digital Conservancy (udc), for one. The
audience. The Conservancy houses other kinds of digital
udc is a new program that provides a permanent venue for
information produced by the University, including Board of
University faculty to deposit digital versions of their works,
Regents minutes and departmental planning documents and
including preprints and post prints, proceedings, working
publications. The udc also provides consulting services,
papers, technical reports, and other research in a variety of
empowering contributors to make wise decisions about
digital formats. It also continues the responsibilities of the
everything from file formats to authors' rights and copyright.
University Archives to sustain information of historical im-
For more information or to search the udc, visit
portance for the University. Open access to digital works
produced by faculty allows them to share work within and
Getting Google-ized In June, the University of Minnesota and 11 other Midwest
The cic agreement is unique among those executed
universities in the Committee on Institutional Cooperation
with Google thus far in that it will include "collections of
(cic) entered into a groundbreaking agreement with Google
distinction"—areas of particular strength within each cic
to digitize up to 10 million bound volumes, nearly doubling
library. Among the distinctive collections the University of
the number of universities participating in the Google Book
Minnesota might include are Scandinavian history, literature
Search Project.
and culture; forestry; bees and beekeeping; and the history
The digitization of so many books will revolutionize scholarly work. Currently, researchers and members of the
of medicine. To read more about the initiative, visit www1.umn.
public can spend enormous amounts of time tracking down
a specific piece of content in a book by turning to brief de-
scriptions in card catalogs, tables of contents, and indexes. "Through Google, individuals will be able to search every word in millions of books," says University Librarian Wendy Pradt Lougee, a member of the six-person team that negotiated the agreement with Google. "Researchers will be able to conduct in-depth searches and make connections across works that would have taken weeks—or even years—to make in the past."
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
UNCHARTED TERRITORY The James Ford Bell Librar y illuminates the history of trade and our insatiable need to explore new places. by Christopher James "The oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown."
According to its founder, industrialist James Ford Bell, the
—H.P. Lovecraft
Library was intended "to establish an historical background
Strange and unknown places may be frightening, but fear doesn't keep us from exploring them. Throughout history, humans have demonstrated an unquenchable thirst for dis-
and knowledge of this great economic force [trade] and the part it has played and still plays in the development of the present-day world."
covery. And as explorers—from Renaissance seafarers to polar
In a recent interview with continuum, Bell Library curator
voyagers to astronauts—have pushed outward into unchart-
Marguerite Ragnow shared insights about the history of this
ed territories, they have discovered previously unimagined
special collection and what its manuscripts and maps can
people, cultures, and goods.
teach us about the history of cross-cultural interaction.
The James Ford Bell Library at the University of Minnesota
continuum: What was James Ford Bell's vision for the Bell
Libraries documents the history and impact of the trade
that developed as a result of such exploration, focusing on European trade in the early modern era (roughly 1350 to 1750). The Library's collection includes rare books, maps, and manuscripts.
mr: Mr. Bell intended the Library to further the academic mission of the University; he was particularly concerned that the collection be used, not just preserved. To quote his speech at the Library's dedication in 1953, "What I have collected has
on the map (issue 6)
image: Planisphere terrestre : suivant les nouvelles observations des astronomes. Leiden: Pierre Vander Aa, 1713. From the collection of the James Ford Bell Library.
been carefully chosen and is, I think, of a quality and extent
missionary activity, or a military or diplomatic expedition.
to form at least the nucleus of a library which —with the in-
So the "unknown" encompassed a great deal of real and
terest and help of the University and the local community—
imagined territory. The Atlantic Ocean was uncharted. There
may someday take its place with the others [i.e., John Carter
were no known maps to guide these men; rather, they had
Brown Library, Morgan Library, Huntington Library] both in
theoretical geographies, legends, fishermen's tales, and other
its extent and in the values it offers. I sincerely hope that it
anecdotes that convinced them to undertake these voyages.
may help to make the generations of students that will pass through the University of Minnesota good trustees for posterity of the boldness, confidence, vision, and wisdom which
James Ford Bell Library
What can maps in the Bell collection teach us about the history
A collection of rare books, manuscripts and maps that document the history and impact of international trade prior to ca. 1800 C.E.
of European trade?
Opened to the public: 1953
Many of the maps in the Bell collection reflect the ports and
Location: 4th floor, Wilson Library, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities campus
these books contain as gifts from the past."
depots important to international trade—not just those important to Europe, but also its trading partners. They also sometimes document particular information about trade. For example, the Canepa portolan chart (pilot's guide), created in 1489, not only indicates important ports around the Mediterranean, northern Europe, and northern Africa, but also indicates Genoese commercial interests around the coast of the Black Sea. By comparing these maps, we can obtain an interesting picture of the transhipment of goods by sea and often also overland. How did international trade in the Age of Discovery affect cross-
Collection size: approximately 20,000 volumes Collection strengths: Materials that reflect the process of global interaction in the early modern era (roughly 1350–1750). Collection highlights: Portolan charts, 1424– 1540 (hand-drawn and -colored maps on vellum); Waldseemüller globe gores map, 1507 (the first map to use the name "America"); personal archive of Domingo Jose Carlos de Guzàn, the 13th duke of Media Sedonia, 1695–1739.
ery was trade. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the
Access: Materials do not circulate but may be studied and used on the premises by the general public and by students, staff, faculty, and other scholars.
spices, silks, and other riches of the Far East were controlled
cultural interaction? The impetus for many of the so-called voyages of discov-
by the Muslim world. The overland routes across the Asian steppes ended at Constantinople. The Indian Ocean was accessible only through Muslim territory. Christian Europe
Many of these stories, and even some of the scholarly works,
wanted a direct route to the Far East. The voyages that led
included tales of sea monsters and monstrous peoples who
Europeans into the southern Atlantic to find a way around
inhabited the seas and the farther reaches of the known
Africa into the Indian Ocean, and into the western Atlantic
world—all that in addition to the known dangers of sea voy-
seeking a new route to Asia, led to contact with diverse
ages: storms, unexpected encounters with reefs, and other
populations throughout the world, contact that not only
obstacles that could sink a ship in no time. So there was
changed European culture but the cultures of the peoples
perhaps a lot to be fearful of, yet they still boarded small
with whom Europeans interacted. For example, the spread of
wooden ships only about 70 feet long and sailed off into the
Christianity around the globe can be linked directly to trade
and the cross-cultural contact it engendered. Were Age of Discovery explorers afraid of the unknown?
Why is the Bell collection important today? The Library advances understanding of our global heritage.
Yes, to varying degrees. Most people during this period
By documenting the history and impact of trade before the
rarely ventured far from home. A journey of 30 miles was
modern era, the collection helps us to understand better the
exceptional, unless one was engaged in long-distance trade,
complex cultural and political connections among the
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
peoples of the world today—for many,
popular conception of a map: a picto-
this helps to make the world we live in
rial depiction of a geographic location.
more meaningful.
What is most important to remember
What is your definition of "map"?
about maps—whether they are textual or pictorial, whether they are about an
upcoming libraries events blog.lib.umn.edu/lib-web/events/
Worlds Within An exhibit of
At a very base level, a map provides
imagined place or designed to get one
directions—to and/or from a real, imag-
spatially from point A to point B—is that
ined, or theoretical place. A treatise on
they are subjective. They reflect one
virtue, for example, can be a map to a
person's or a particular group's concep-
better life. It doesn't have to be picto-
tion of what is being represented—they
Avenue South, Minneapolis / U of M West
rial, although that is perhaps the most
don't reflect "truth".
Bank / Free / Gallery hours are at
works of fantasy from the Children's Literature Research Collections Through Wednesday January 2, 2008 / Elmer L. Andersen Library gallery, 222 21st
Destination Shaanxi An exhibit of decorative arts from Shaanxi Province, China, spanning 12 centuries, including Huxian peasant paintings, ancient calligraphy, and terracotta figurines Through Friday, February 15, 2008 / Elmer L. Andersen Library, 222 21st Avenue South, Minneapolis / U of M West Bank / Free / Gallery hours are at andersen. lib.umn.edu
150 Years of Minnesota Memories Lecture/discussion (part of First Fridays series) Friday, December 7, Noon / Elmer L. Andersen Library, 222
One of the James Ford Bell Library's most distinctive maps is the focus of an
21st Avenue South, Minneapolis / U of M
exhibit running through the end of 2007.
West Bank / Free
What: Exhibit: The Map that Named America: 1507–2007: An anniversary exhibition of the Waldseemüller Globe Gores Map and its Place in History
Forged in Fire: Reconstructing Thomas Jefferson's Library A lecture featuring Mark Dimunation,
Where: T.R. Anderson Gallery, James Ford Bell Library, Wilson Library, University
U.S. Library of Congress Monday,
of Minnesota (see bell.lib.umn.edu for directions and parking information)
December 10, 7:30 p.m. / Cowles
When: Through December 31, 2007; Monday–Wednesday, Friday, 8:30 a.m– 4:30 p.m.; Thursday, 8:30 a.m–8 p.m. Call for hours during the semester break. Cost: Free and open to the public
Auditorium, Hubert H. Humphrey Center, 301 19th Av. S., Minneapolis / U of M West Bank / Free, but advance reservations are recommended (email@example.com or 612624-9339)
An exhibit of rare materials related to early modern cartography, including the James Ford Bell Library's original 1507 Waldseemüller globe gores, the first map to include the word "America." 2007 is the 500th birthday of the Waldseemüller globe, created by German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller to depict newlydiscovered lands in the western Atlantic. The map's details were drawn from sailors' charts and other documents, including the popular account of explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
A Feast of Words A dinner featuring remarks by Theofanis Stavrou, University professor of modern Greek studies Thursday, January 31, 2008 / 5:30 p.m. social hour – 6 p.m. dinner seating / Campus Club, 4th floor, Coffman Memorial Union, 300 Washington Avenue S.E., Minneapolis / U of M East Bank / $22.95 (payable by check at the door) / Seating is limited and pre-reservations are strongly recommended (612-626-7788)
on the map (issue 6)
campus PERSPECTIVES PERSPECTIVES
The Map that Named America
by Marguerite Ragnow
Nearly every American child learns
James Ford Bell Library (see facing
Mapmakers drew on classical geogra-
that Christopher Columbus discovered
page) celebrates the 500th anniversary
phy, astrology, and mathematics, and
America and that America was named
of the maps that "named America" and
so they knew the earth was a sphere,
for Amerigo Vespucci. What we don't
the enduring impact of the printing
they understood the concepts of lon-
learn as children is why our country
press on both scholarship and popular
gitude and latitude (even if they were
was named for Vespucci and not for
unable to calculate them accurately),
The Bell Library's map
speculated about a fourth part of the
Columbus. Read on and you'll discover the answer to that question. In the early 16th century, the town of St. Dié, in eastern France, had among its residents a group of humanist scholars, brought together by Gautier (or Walter) Lud, a churchman who was secretary and chaplain to Duke René II of Lorraine. In 1507, one of this group, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, created two maps that reflected information these scholars had received about the Atlantic discoveries. He produced one map, a globe gores, intended to be cut out and pasted on a sphere, and another map, a plane chart or flat representation of the earth, designed on 12 panels. To aid in the understanding of these maps, the scholars of St. Dié created a small book called Cosmographiae Introductio. In it, they wrote: "In the sixth climatic region, toward the Antarctic, are situated the extreme part of Africa lately discovered, and the islands of Zanzibar, Java Minor, and Seula, and the fourth part of the world (which because Americus discovered it, it is proper to call Amerigum, that is, the land of Americus or America.)"
The 1507 Waldseemüller globe gores
world—beyond the known continents
map in the Bell Library's collection is
of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
one of only four known to exist and the only one in the Americas. It is printed from a single woodblock on watermarked paper and measures 15.35 x 9.44 inches. When cut out and pasted on a sphere, it would form a globe approximately 4.5 inches in diameter. The Bell Library acquired its copy in 1954, when James Ford Bell purchased it from Prince Johann II of Liechtenstein and
lar view, was colored by religious belief and popular legend, reflections of which often found their way onto contemporary maps. Nevertheless, these perspectives were cumulative, changing over time as knowledge was gained and opinions were revised. Waldseemüller's 1507 globe gores map reflects a shift in world view. For
Why is this map significant?
the first time, the land later known as North America was depicted as sepa-
By the end of the Middle Ages,
rated from Asia by water and not as an
Europeans held two prevalent views
Asian peninsula. For the first time, this
about the far reaches of the earth that
map depicted the entire 360 degrees
often intertwined, depending on each
of the earth, instead of the 180 degrees
person's education and outlook. Most ordinary people believed that the unknown parts of the world were frightening places, inhabited by strange, mysterious creatures. This popular view was informed by tales told by sailors and other travelers about the unfamiliar customs and inhabitants of far away
a reality by carving the name America
sermons and religious texts that spoke
into the woodblocks for his two maps.
of devils and demons.
An exhibition currently on view at the
grounded in science, it, like the popu-
the University of Minnesota.
lands, by folktales and songs, and by
that the name America was first used.
Although this "educated" view was
then donated it to the Bell collection at
Waldseemüller made this suggestion
It was on these maps, and in this text,
and they, like their ancient predecessors,
The scholarly world view was more nuanced, informed by the classical scholarship of ancient Greece and Rome.
of land known to the ancient world. And, for the first time, the land mass in the south Atlantic was given a name: America.
Why America? Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) grew up in the shadow of Renaissance humanism at the court of the powerful Medici family in Florence. Born into a family of wealthy, well-connected businessmen, he became a merchant and sales agent, first in Italy and later in Spain. continued on p. 18
The middle-aged Vespucci yearned
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
Dear Friends, On October 4, many of you were among the Friends and others who gathered in the James Ford Bell Library to attend the 500th birthday party of the Waldseemüller globe gores map. This map, the first to include the word America, is known to exist in only four copies. The related exhibit at the James Ford Bell Library is described on p. 6 of this issue of continuum . If you were present, you certainly would not need the contents of this issue to bring to mind the significant place maps hold in the collections of a study and research center such as the University of Minnesota Libraries. It was thus a special delight for the Friends to be able to join the James Ford Bell Library and its Associates in saluting the Waldseemüller map. We particularly congratulate the curator of the Bell Library, Marguerite Ragnow, and her colleagues not only for presenting the map and creating the splendid exhibit surrounding it, but also for preparing a beautiful and informative exhibit guide, "The Map that Named America, 1507- 2007." So, if you missed the party or wish to bring others to see this invaluable map, please remember that it will be on display until December 31. The Bell Library is but one of the many libraries that huddle under the umbrella of the University of Minnesota Libraries. In fact, while some collections are huge and others are comparatively small and highly specialized, all told, there are over 6.5 million volumes. Located on both the Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses, these libraries yearly draw tens of thousands of patrons from the student body, the faculty, the staff, the Friends, and the public. While this impressive usefulness of the University Libraries is certainly more than enough to encourage members of the
Friends to redouble their efforts to support the Libraries, there is a less familiar contribution by the Libraries in which we should take pride. It can best be appreciated by —guess what?—consulting a map! In this case, I speak not of a rare or extraordinary map, but one that is usually found in every household and glove compartment of all automobiles. It is map of the state of Minnesota. To see what I have in mind, open your state map so that it displays Minnesota's vast extent. A close perusal will show seemingly countless communities from the Canadian border to the boundary with Iowa, and from the state lines of the Dakotas to Wisconsin. Many of these towns have public libraries, some modest in size while others are large. No matter where they are located nor the extent of their collections, these local libraries can turn to the University of Minnesota Libraries for assistance. Through the system called interlibrary loan, patrons of libraries from across the state—indeed from around the globe—can receive materials from other libraries in the region. This service is so heavily used that the University of Minnesota supplies more materials to patrons beyond the campus than does any other state's university library. So, while the familiar and quite ordinary map of Minnesota may not rank among the valuable items in the University's collections, if its users will only call upon their imagination, they can visualize a vast movement of books, periodicals, and other materials flowing from the University to all quarters of the state and back. This great service to the people of Minnesota is made every day by their University's libraries. In my view, that is as much cause for redoubled support by members of the Friends of the Libraries as is the gratifying knowledge that the James Ford Bell Library owns one of the world's four copies of the map that named America.
Paul Nagel president, friends of the libraries
on the map (issue 6)
AWARDS AND GRANTS GIVEN AT FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARIES ANNUAL MEETING Award-winning journalist Don Shelby was the featured speaker at the Friends of the Libraries annual meeting at McNamara Alumni Center on April 17, 2007. Shelby entertained guests with a talk entitled "Holmes: The Investigative Reporter" that explored the literary life of the famous detective and Shelby's own connection to the University Libraries' Sherlock Holmes Collection. At the meeting, the Friends recognized University students and Libraries staff by announcing the recipients of their annual awards and grants.
Journalist Don Shelby
STAFF DEVELOPMENT GRANTS The Friends' annual Staff Development Grant program awards grants up to $750 to two or three Libraries staff each year. The grants support a broad range of activities including travel, study, research, conference attendance and publication preparation. Recipients are chosen by the Friends board through a competitive application process and announced each spring. Recipients have a year to complete the activities funded by these grants.
2007 winners: Jim Stemper, electronic resources librarian and co-chair of the Libraries Scholarly Communication Collaborative,
Su Chen and Jim Stemper
received funding to attend the Public Knowledge Project Scholarly Publishing Conference at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia this past summer. Su Chen, head librarian in the East Asian Library, received funding to attend a conference entitled "Over a Hundred Years of Collecting: The History of East Asian Collections in North America" at the University of California, Berkeley, where she presented a paper on the history of the University of Minnesota East Asian Library.
OUTSTANDING LIBRARIES STUDENT EMPLOYEES The Libraries employ over 450 student workers each year,
Charlie Heinz and Oanh Nguyen
and the Friends sponsor an award for student employees who go above and beyond the call of duty. Exceptional student employees are nominated by supervisors and colleagues to receive the Outstanding Library Student Employee award. The 2007 winners are Charlie Heinz and Oanh Nguyen. Congratulations. www . l i b . u m n . ed u
Join the Friends! Tr ansform
l to r: Contest sponsor Maxine Wallin, Eric Lederman, Danielle Penneau, Terrence J. Serres, Joan Gilmore.
STUDENT BOOK COLLECTION CONTEST This annual contest, now in its eighth year, celebrates students who are excited about reading and collecting books and gives them an opportunity to meet other book collectors. To enter, students submit an essay and bibliography of their collection. Judges select four award winners whose essays describe the books persuasively and whose bibliogra-
In all outstanding universities–and in the libraries that undergird their intellectual vitality–the difference between adequacy and excellence increasingly rests on the ability to adapt. The University of Minnesota is currently engaged in an unprecedented process of strategic positioning. This extraordinary effort will poise the University to become one of the top three research universities in the world. By becoming a Friend of the Libraries, you'll play a vital role in this transformation. The Libraries are among the University's most crucial assets, and your membership dollars will provide essential support to acquire and maintain important research collections and for the technology necessary to share those collections with users.
Engage Membership in the Friends of the Libraries also helps: › Fund innovative new library programs and events that fuel learning and discovery › Stimulate contributions and encourage gifts, endowments, and bequests to the University Libraries › Promote use and appreciation of the University Libraries among audiences on campus, in the state, and across the world
phies reveal the collectors' knowledge of their subjects.
Celebr ate
2007 winners include:
But that's not all. When you become a member of the Friends, you join a dynamic, engaged community of thousands of people whose interests mirror your own. The Friends share a love of learning, of scholarship, and of literature. You'll be invited to attend stimulating and thought-provoking events celebrating books, knowledge, and the University Libraries' collections.
Undergraduate students: Danielle Penneau, A Collection on the Fiction of L.M. Montgomery Eric Lederman, First Sentence: The Soul of a Book Graduate students: Joan Gilmore, The Furniture of our Lives—Books on Antique and Miniature Decorative Arts Terrence J. Serres, Understanding the Function of Trees: A Collection of Books on Trees and Forestry The Friends of the Libraries acknowledge Maxine and Winston Wallin for their generous and continuing support of the contest.
on the map (issue 6)
Membership Benefits Include: › Borrowing privileges at most Twin Cities campus libraries (for certain membership categories) › Invitations to lectures, exhibit openings, author readings, and other special events at the University Libraries. Recent events have featured speakers and performers like Lynne Rossetto Kasper, Michael Dennis Browne, Robert Bly, Joe Dowling, and Lou Bellamy › A subscription to continuum › Discounts at the University of Minnesota Bookstore, located in Coffman Memorial Union
DELVING DEEPER Resources in the Borchert Map Library reveal complex views of our world. by Erin George If you need driving directions and parking recommendations
a book," Kristi Jensen explains. As the head of the Borchert
for a new restaurant, typing a few details into websites like
Map Library, Jensen understands the layers of information
Google Maps or Map Quest can get you answers in seconds.
contained in a single map or photo.
But what if you want to go deeper?
Borchert's resources, particularly about Minnesota, are note-
What if you want to know what business was on that property 10 years ago? Or how the surrounding land and water features have changed over the last 30 years? A deeper search takes more time, but the resources of an academic map library like the Borchert Map Library at the University Libraries
worthy: 370,000 sheet maps, 9,600 atlases, and 415,000 aerial photos including photos from the 1930s to near-present for Minnesota and high-resolution digital images from 1997, 2000, and 2005 for the seven-county Twin Cities metro area. Some aerial photos of St. Paul date back to the 1920s.
help make it possible. Named in honor of well-known
In distinguishing a map library from other collections and li-
Regents' geography professor John R. Borchert, this library
braries at the University, Jensen describes a map library as "a
(housed in Wilson Library) includes resources such as aerial
collection of geographic resources that allow people to look
photographs and topographic maps that can reveal the his-
at the earth from a variety of perspectives. You can look at
tories of towns, neighborhoods, and even individual proper-
a point from close up or farther out." She explains that any
one map can present various data – vegetation, demograph-
"Maps contain a wealth of information and analysis on one piece of paper that would typically be found in a chapter of
ics, soil, and topography are examples. How someone interprets the information makes a
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
difference. When using or studying a
attention and time to locate a map or
worked on a master plan project that
map, a person needs to ask key ques-
aerial photograph and become ac-
sought to breathe new life into Lake
tions about any potential bias in the
quainted with its data. Helping a user
Sarita, a degraded wetland that is lo-
map: Who produced it? When was it
find a map or photo is different from
cated off the Transit Way and Steam
published? What data are presented
interpreting the information within
Plant on the (University's) St. Paul
together? What kind of skew may be
that map or photo. The map librarian,
campus. The goal of the project is to
present? Map librarians play a crucial
regardless of his other credentials or
use Lake Sarita as a living laboratory for
role by ensuring users find the infor-
tenure in the field, is just one person,
environmental education, stormwater
mation they need, and they also rec-
so Jensen reflects that the interpretive
management, and wildlife habitat by
role of a map librarian should be ap-
restoring its wetland features." Students
proached cautiously.
used the Borchert Map Library to docu-
John R. Borchert Map Library The John R. Borchert Map Library is one of the premier map libraries in the country, with a collection of maps, aerial photography, atlases, and books and periodicals related to cartography. It is named for former Regents' professor of geography John R. Borchert (1918–2001). Location: Sub-basement, Wilson Library, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities campus, West Bank Access: University of Minnesota students, staff, and faculty may borrow materials (see the Library's website for details). Special privilege and Friends of the Libraries cardholders may also borrow materials. Members of the general public may use materials on-site in the Library. Endowment funds: In 1999, John Borchert and his family commemorated his life's work with a gift of $200,000. The gift established an endowment fund for the Map Library and was made through the University's department of geography in recognition of the interdependence of the Library and the department's programs. Contributions like this one allow the Map Library to further develop resources and services, especially as more cartographic information becomes available in online and digital formats. For information about making a gift, contact Mary Hicks, College of Liberal Arts, at 612-625-5541 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
For example, Jensen worked recently with a woman from the Twin Cities area who had attended a neighborhood meeting about planning for a new commercial development. At the meeting, a map was presented that showed a Native American village had once existed on the land to be developed. Neighbors at the meeting posed questions about possible archeological and other considerations. Since she had only a quick view of that map, the woman wanted to find some verification of the village's existence. She came
near the St. Paul campus were altered, buried, and destroyed by urban growth. Using resources from Borchert, the class "found that Lake Sarita was once a good-sized lake, but it was filled in over time and only a small remnant wetland now remains," Musacchio says. Several students, as a result of their field work and research in Borchert, were selected to present their master plan projects to the Stormwater Linkage Committee and provide important creative inspiration for future planning.
to the Borchert Library and described
Revealing a property's history plays an
to Jensen the location in question and
important role in real estate transac-
the era and features of the map shown,
tions, and people like Kyle Shannon use
and Jensen was able to find resources
the Borchert Library to construct prop-
for the woman to use in her research.
erty and land use time lines. Shannon is
Jensen made no claims about what may
a research associate with Environmental
have existed, but she could give this
Data Resources (edr), a leading pro-
user tools to draw her own conclusions
vider of environmental information that
in discussing the land development
regularly dispatches staff to research
commercial properties. Each commer-
Students from the University and area colleges also use the Borchert Library as a laboratory, researching class projects and even questions about their
ment how wetlands, lakes, and streams
own campuses. Last spring, Jensen worked with University professors Laura
cial property transaction must include a Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment, which identifies potential or existing environmental contamination liabilities. Clients hire edr to conduct historical property research for Phase 1 assessments.
ognize that they must be cautious in
Musacchio and John Koepke, who
offering interpretations of any map's
were co-teaching the course Ecological
Shannon says the resources in Borchert
data. Navigating the collections of the
Dimensions of Spacemaking in the de-
are invaluable because of the size and
Borchert Library takes guidance, and
partment of Landscape Architecture.
depth of the collection, including aerial
any one patron may need specialized
Musacchio explains, "Our students
photos dating back to the 1930s. He continued on p. 18
on the map (issue 6)
MAPS OF THE BODY Anatomy atlases in the Wangensteen Historical Librar y aid University researchers and teachers from a range of disciplines. by Lucy Vilankulu Maps of the same piece of land look very different according
bodily systems looked and operated. For some, the purpose
to the purpose of the mapmaker. A tract of land might yield
was artistic, and for others, anatomizing bodies underscored
topographical maps, water table maps, vegetation maps or
a moral tale about the wages of sin: subjects in anatomy at-
property lines. Maps are also shaped by mapmakers' ideals
lases were often executed criminals. Anatomization was the
and philosophies; compare, for example, an 1862 map of
ultimate corporal punishment, pursuing the miscreant even
the Minnesota River created by the Dakota people to a map
beyond death.
of the same area created by settlers or the U.S. government. Map-making, it seems, has not always been an objective science.
The University of Minnesota's Owen H. Wangensteen Historical Library of Biology and Medicine has in its collection hundreds of anatomical atlases dating from the 1400s to the
So too for anatomical atlases, which over the centuries have
twentieth century. As the work of University of Minnesota re-
ranged from cartoon-like depictions of unmoored organs
searchers shows, the collection reveals not only medical ideas
floating in the sea of a human body to Gunther Von Hagens's
about the body, but also the philosophies of the anatomists
graphic anatomical renderings of preserved human bodies
and the times they lived in.
in the controversial Body Worlds exhibition. For some early anatomists, the purpose of an anatomical atlas was medical— physicians simply needed a better idea of how organs and image: Image from Rhijne, Willem Ten, Dissertatio De arthritide: mantissa schematica, 1683. From the collection of the Wangensteen Historical Library of Biology and Medicine.
Dr. John Eyler, a professor in the University's history of medicine department, has a background in the history of
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
infectious diseases and public health. He often uses the
There is also what Eyler calls the "golly, gee whiz" aspect of
Wangensteen's collection of anatomical atlases when he
the old atlases. "The students who have been trying their
teaches undergraduate history of science courses and in his
hand at dissection for the first time, trying to make some il-
anatomy lectures for medical students.
lustrations of what they're seeing, can appreciate the process
"With undergrads, you're essentially teaching general Western Civilization," says Eyler. "You can't take health care and healthcare institutions out of the cultural and social
necessary to produce some of those wonderful plates. We also tell them about when these plates were designed and let them handle the materials, and some of them are just amazed by the antiquity of it and that they're engaging in a process that has very long roots."
Owen H. Wangensteen Historical Library of Biology and Medicine A collection of rare books and journals dating back to the early 15th century, featuring important and ground-breaking publications of the medical researchers and clinicians of an earlier age. Opened to the public: 1961
Jole Shackelford, a visiting professor of the history of medicine, specializes in the chemical, medical, and religious ideas of Paracelsus, the 16th century physician who introduced chemical theory and chemical drugs into medicine. He says that anatomical atlases and maps have relevance beyond the disciplines of medicine, history of medicine, and history of science. "These images have not only medical sig-
Location: 5th floor, Diehl Hall, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities campus, East Bank
nificance but also a broad cultural significance," Shackleford
Collection size: approximately 70,000 volumes
ample, shows erotic images of women cadavers modeled
Collection strengths: surgery, pharmacy, obstetrics, pediatrics, orthopedics, ophthalmology, public health, cardiology, anatomy, psychiatry, natural sciences.
says. "The sdn [a 16th century anatomical atlas], for exafter images from a contemporary erotic book. The engraver would have known that readers would have interpreted these images in a different context. It was kind of an in-joke. It obviously carries cultural baggage with it, and not strictly
Collection highlights: anatomy and botanical charts (16th–18th century); medical manuscript receipt books (17th–19th century); original professional papers, letters, remedies, and diaries of Pamard family (noted French surgical family, 17th–20th century); historical medical instruments.
medical cultural baggage but French 16th century culture."
Access: Materials do not circulate but may be studied and used on the premises by the general public and by students, faculty, and other scholars.
the Wangensteen collection. His 1996 book Art and the
This has implications for researchers in disciplines ranging from gender studies to art history. In the same vein, Richard Leppert, professor of cultural studies and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota, has worked with and written about anatomical atlases in Committed Eye: The Cultural Functions of Imagery includes a long chapter on representations of the human body in anatomical atlases. "I was interested in the relationship between the anatomical
matrix from which these institutions develop. We can't assume that people read Latin or Greek or read paleography. Using anatomy illustrations is a way of making the original (medical) texts more universal and accessible." Eyler uses historical anatomical atlases in his teaching for two reasons. On the one hand there is the centuries-long history of medicine. "One of the things we're trying to impress on (medical students) is that their profession, medicine, has a long tradition. Some of the problems they will encounter have been encountered before."
atlases in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries and developments in the visual arts," says Leppert. "(I am interested in) how those atlases show shifting ideas, not so much about how to represent human bodies in the medical sciences, but rather how artists began to re-imagine how they thought about the human body in relation to human beings." Early anatomy illustrations, most famously in the case of Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica, were extremely concerned with art and aesthetic issues. Cadavers and skeletons were posed in the attitudes and backgrounds of typical continued on p. 18
on the map (issue 6)
Mapping Affinities The new online "MyLibrary" portal maps users' interests to customized library experiences by Jim Thorp Let's face it: With more than 6.5 million volumes and nearly 38,000 serial subscriptions, the University of Minnesota Libraries can be intimidating. And with more information easily available via the Internet, students are becoming less patient when it comes to navigating the stacks. To make such virtual legwork less formidable, the U's Digital Library Development Laboratory has created MyLibrary, a new portal application that filters library resources and provides quick online access to the collections, tools, and library personnel most suited to the user's specific profile. University librarian Wendy Pradt Lougee characterizes the project as a response to "Web-use trends and Amazoogle forces." It's also changing how people view libraries.
Window to the world Lougee says the initiative is rooted in University Libraries' studies of faculty and graduate student behavior and Internet use. Those studies suggest that
Library Development Laboratory. His
staff and, of those, roughly 50 to 60 po-
team had worked with the University
sitioned to provide direct services to the
Libraries' Undergraduate Initiative
student body. So, conservatively, we
team on the Undergraduate Virtual
are challenged by a librarian-to-student
Library (ugvl), which launched in fall
ratio of 1:500—and it's probably a much
2005 as an effort to bridge the gap be-
larger ratio than that."
tween what a Web search can generate and what the libraries can offer. The ugvl offers new student researchers a Google-like search engine and interface, helping them navigate collections in a way that feels familiar to them.
The University's MyU portal is home to a host of online resources for students, staff, and faculty, providing single signin access to most online administrative applications, personalized news and information, and secure areas for sharing
scholars across academic disciplines
"We've always had an interest in per-
and collaboration. Since MyU boasts
are increasingly looking to the Web for
sonalizing and customizing content to
more than 160,000 registered users
information, and they want tools that
smaller units and developing specific
and 19,000 unique logins each day, it's
better filter and integrate relevant, user-
library resources at a course level,"
an ideal vehicle for delivering library
specific sources and services into their
Butler says. "Over the years we have
resources to the masses. Butler's team
scholarly workflow.
developed a suite of tools that help li-
developed MyLibrary as a personalized
brarians deliver reference, liaison, and
view of library resources for students
instructional services to students. The
using the MyU portal. With their single
challenge here is to provide meaningful
MyU portal sign-on, users log in, then
services in the University's large-scale
click the MyLibrary tab at the top of
the page to access a University Libraries
"As a result, we began thinking about how we could get library resources integrated into the workflow of students and faculty and respond more flexibly to researchers' needs," she says. Enter John Butler, director of the Digital
"The Libraries have about 100 librarian
home page with convenient search
continued on p. 19
tools, single-click access to
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
from p.9
Map that Named America
from p.14
Delving Deeper
for adventure, perhaps inspired by Christopher Columbus,
smiles warmly while describing more recent photos. "There
with whom he was acquainted. In 1499, he joined Alonso de
are some photos (from the 1970s) that are 1 to 100 scale, so
Ojeda's expedition on behalf of Spain to further explore the
the detail is so intense that you can see the shadows cast by
new territory that Columbus had brought to European at-
the trees." Shannon pulls aerial photos from each decade to
tention. In 1501, Vespucci sailed to the new world again, this
piece together changes on the property: buildings added or
time for Portugal, traveling further south along the coast of
destroyed, street improvements, and other land use chang-
what he called in his letters a new continent—the fourth part
es. This time line can help point to possible environmental
of the world.
issues, such as storage tanks that may have been removed or
Although scholars have cast doubt on the authorship and
fire and other building damage.
veracity of the many letters recounting Vespucci's adventures
Wayfinding is only a part of the story in the Borchert Map
that survive, it took real courage for Vespucci—who had no
Library. Borchert's resources, available to students, faculty,
prior experience at sea and whose knowledge of navigation
staff, and community members, reveal a much deeper his-
was entirely theoretical—to undertake the grand adventure
tory than what is visible at street level.
of sailing out into uncharted seas. The scholars at St. Dié were impressed with the account of Vespucci's voyages—and the up-to-date information about
from p.16
Mapping the Body
the new world that they believed it contained. The accounts of Columbus' discoveries were filled with descriptions of
portraiture of the times, with textual explanations provided
Asia—where Columbus initially believed he had landed—but
separately so as not to detract from the artistry of the illustra-
Vespucci spoke of a new continent, the fourth continent
tion. Within a few hundred years, however, this representa-
mentioned by the ancient world.
tion would change dramatically. "If you look at the Albinus
The discovery of the new world offered printers and mapmakers an exciting new topic with which to tantalize the public—eager consumers of their work. Waldseemüller's maps and Cosmographiae Introductio were tremendously popular. St. Dié published about 1,000 copies of each in April 1507, followed by another printing in August. Other
elephant folio," Leppert says, "you see on one plate these very elegant, finished, highly-detailed engravings set in some kind of a landscape that provides a story, and then on the opposite page the only thing that's left is the human figure and it's been reduced to a line drawing with all the bones labeled."
editions, by other printers, followed. It is the widespread cir-
Leppert suggests that this change reflects a break between
culation of these maps and the little book that accompanied
art and science that points to the increasing secularization
them—which contained an account of Vespucci's voyages—
of western society combined with rapid advancement in the
that led to the popularity of the name "America".
sciences. "The issue of aesthetics in visual representation
Dr. Marguerite Ragnow is curator of the James Ford Bell Library.
was far less important than perceived visual accuracy. The greater the scientific interest in anatomy as such, illustrating the human body with a wholly extraneous narrative becomes increasingly irrelevant." In the end, teaching and researching anatomical maps is a bit like teaching Latin or ancient Greek—languages that are not in use today, but that give us priceless insights into the roots of the words, meanings, and ideas that go on shaping us. "After all," Eyler says, "one of the things we're trying to describe and help people to analyze is how knowledge changes."
on the map (issue 6)
from p.17
Mapping Affinities
discipline-specific collections and resources, and contact
initial view," Butler says. "It's the notion of pushing content
information for the most appropriate librarian for the user's
to the user based on our expertise. The typical user's atten-
field of study or role at the University of Minnesota.
tion span is getting shorter and shorter, so there's more value
Affinity strings—strings of data that track certain characteristics of a user, such as campus, role, unit, program, and
in identifying and privileging content based on what we know about the user."
degree—are used to personalize the content delivered to the
Butler cautions, "We're aware of the boundaries between
user. These strings are mapped to MyLibrary page templates
public and private information, and we are not mining any
according a user's status or role (e.g., graduate student, in-
private data for this service."
coming freshman, research staff, and such), then to the appropriate discipline or content area—effectively determining what information is likely to be important to a user and how best to present that content. Additional links provide access to the rest of the Libraries' online resources. As a result, the critical difference between the ugvl and the MyLibrary is personalization.
Phase I of the MyLibrary rollout is almost exclusively a push model, with librarians and subject-matter experts advancing selected content based on what's-best principles and the use patterns of particular affinity groups. Phase II will enable users to customize their view based on personal preferences and favorite resources. A third phase of development will enable the creation of community or men-
"When user X comes to the ugvl, he or she gets exactly the
toring views, in which the use patterns facilitate interaction
same view that user Y gets," explains Butler. "Although the
and collaboration between users and affinity groups with
ugvl is oriented to an undergraduate sensibility, the presen-
similar interests and goals.
tation is generic, flat, one-sized. In the [MyLibrary] portal, we differentiate users and present them with discipline-sensitive views."
"We're moving from a rigid, prescribed mapping of affinities to something more organic and community-driven," Butler says.
Less is more
Graduate students were given access to Phase I of the
The University isn't the first organization to attempt to create
MyLibrary portal in December 2006, and a gradual rollout
a comprehensive online view of its library resources—but the
continues. The team launched MyLibrary for all Academic
approach has been fundamentally different than most such
Health Center audiences in February and for the Class of 2011
incoming freshmen in April. A MyLibrary portal for all under-
"Information has reached a saturation point on the Web," Butler says. "A lot of library sites are built like library build-
graduates was released in summer 2007, and a faculty-specific MyLibrary view will launch in 2008.
ings—everything's there, but you have to go and find it. It's
Expanding MyLibrary services to other University campuses is
also being explored.
Butler describes most early efforts to create online libraries as
This story originally appeared in the May 9 issue of UMNews.
"pull-heavy" and says they were "high on novelty and aban-
Reprinted by permission.
donment." The U's goal, on the other hand, has always been a hybrid push-pull model. "What becomes more important is what's excluded from that
www . l i b . u m n . ed u
MAPPING THE UNIVERSIT Y'S FIRST LIBRARY In December 1892, the University's Board of Regents requested state funds for the U's first library building and directed William Watts Folwell—first university president and, concurrently, university librarian—to lead the project. Folwell worked out a building design with "the local architect supposed to enjoy the confidence of the regents": LeRoy S. Buffington, the architect of several existing university buildings. Their design incorporated a large second-floor reading room with skylight; rear stack space for multiple stories; central delivery counter on the long side of the Reading Room; and offices for the president, registrar and accountant. But the Regents and several faculty didn't like Folwell's plan. Many rounds of revisions ensued, resulting in numerous sketches, including the ones shown here. The Regents finally appointed a joint architectural team of Buffington and architect Charles Sedgwick to design a library and assembly hall building that combined the features of Sedgwick's interior design with an exterior design by Buffington. The building that resulted is Burton Hall, the campus's original library and now home to the College of Education and Human Development. Images and historical information courtesy of University Archives, from the William Watts Folwell Papers, collection number 965, box 4, in a folder entitled "Correspondence, incoming, B," and from the website http://iconics.cehd.umn. edu/Burton%20Hall/burton_lec.htm
Nonprofit Org.
499 wilson librar y 309 19th avenue south minneapolis, mn 55455
U.S. Postage PAID Mpls., mn Permit No. 155


text:
Business Law
Ask a Business Lawyer. Get Business Law Questions Answered ASAP.
Thank you for your question.
Unfortunately, you may not be entitled to claim your Yahoo account unless you and your company can come to an agreement. For a company to use Yahoo Small Business Email service, there is a fee attached. If your company is paying the fee, then it stands to reason that they own the account. Furthermore, if they have created a regular Yahoo account which is tied to the Business account, then that account may belong to the company. However, if the company is not willing to sever the business account from the personal account, there may not be a lot you can do about it. If the account was created by the company, then they may be entitled to retain the account.
Please let me know if you have any other questions, or require clarification of this matter. Otherwise please hit "ACCEPT", so I may receive credit for my response. Tips and feedback are also appreciated.
Good Luck!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Definition of writer
Examples of writer in a Sentence
She is my favorite French writer.
He's a writer of horror stories.
a course on 19th-century writers
The magazine is looking for freelance writers.
The writer of the best essay will win a prize.
They identified the writer of the mysterious letter.
Before 12th Century
First Known Use of writer
before 12th century
WRITER Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of writer for English Language Learners
: someone whose work is to write books, poems, stories, etc.
: someone who has written something
WRITER Defined for Kids
Definition of writer for Students
: a person who writes especially as a business or occupation
Learn More about writer
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Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up writer? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
- Stylist:
- Mia
Apr 05, 2010 - All Hail Mia, the curly hair Goddess!!! I just had to add my thoughts to this site because everyday, when I style my hair, I think about Mia, and say that in my head. I am SO happy I started going to Mia back in December. My hair is 100 times better than it ever was my whole life, and I owe it all to her. Sometimes when your so happy with something or someone, you just have to share it, so I am. If you are not happy with your curls, you need to see Mia. She is a lifesaver. Thanks to D. Sabrina Salon and to Mia for making my morning ritual a positive experience and my hair to look and feel fabulous.


text:
Student Spotlight: "Gaby" Magana
By Blondel Walters
Jun 2, 2014
Ximena G. Magana "Gaby" is a spirited, ambitious student at the West Loop campus, with aspirations of becoming a member of the United States Congress.
She attends HCC Southwest, using it as a spring board to achieve her career goal.
"I have completed my first year in political science," Magana said. "After earning my associate degree, I want to transfer to the University of Houston, and continue on to law school at the University of Texas."
With a law degree, Magana will pursue a career as a Judge Advocate General (JAG) officer in the military, where she can use her education to provide legal counsel to military staff and their families. She is no stranger to the military. Magana has experience as a Battalion Commander in the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC), in Bellaire High School's Cardinal Battalion. Currently, she is a cadet in the University of Houston's Cougar Battalion and a work-study student in the HCC Southwest public relation department.
After retiring as a JAG, she plans to run for political office.
Magana and her mother migrated to the United States from Mexico, in search of a better future. They found itin the Houston area, and they hope Gaby will one day represent this diverse community in Congress.


text:
French breast implant boss arrested
By Jean-François Rosnoblet
MARSEILLE, France (Reuters) - Jean-Claude Mas, the Frenchman who sparked a global health scare by selling substandard breast implants, was arrested on Thursday as Marseille prosecutors build a case against him for manslaughter.
In the first arrests since the two-year-old scandal made headlines worldwide in December, Mas and a second executive at his now defunct company Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) were seized at their homes in southern France shortly after dawn.
The detention could lead within hours to Mas being placed under formal investigation on suspicion of manslaughter and causing bodily harm. That could in due course lead to criminal charges, which would carry longer sentences than those he now faces in a fraud case expected to be tried around October.
Women who have been campaigning against PIP since French authorities banned its products nearly two years ago welcomed the move as giving them a sense that the law was now in action:
"It's been too long," said Murielle Ajellio, who heads an association for women with implants. Up to now, she said: "You feel like you're fighting against the wind."
French authorities have been criticized for being slow to react to a case that has sown fear among tens of thousands of women who carry PIP implants. French inspectors ordered them off the market in March 2010, due to concerns over their quality.
But only last month did officials in Paris recommend their surgical removal, drawing attention to the problem for patients worldwide who had been fitted with products from the company, which was at one time the third biggest global supplier.
Lawyers for women in France who have filed complaints over PIP implants welcomed the arrests and said there must be no escaping justice for the 72-year-old Mas, who has been quoted as deriding those suing him as being motivated only by money. Continued...


text:
bgp on 1941 router
Unanswered Question
User Badges:
Hi All,
My ISP is going to provide internet with dual path , for auto changover he (isp it admin) is planing for bgp implimentation.
I need suggestion on this from you guys like... is 1941 is supportable for bgp protocol ?
Is it possible to create bandwitdh rate limit based on ip address on access list (be cause we are getting some 10 Ip address from isp , out of 10 ip address , 3 ip addres has to go 3 diffrent departments) , i want restrict theese 3 ip address with 1 mb traffic as 1:1.
Please advise on this should go As per ISp recommends.
I have this problem too.
0 votes


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Intel iQ: Programming Rovers On Mars From 100 Million Miles Away
How did a team of NASA scientists actually get a one ton robot onto the red planet?
Putting a one ton robot on Mars is very hard. So hard, in fact, that NASA created a Hollywood-type trailer detailing the challenges of landing the 'Curiosity' rover on Mars, to let us know that it's not all Tang and budget cuts over there. By using the 'Seven Minutes of Terror' video, NASA drummed up suspense around the rover, successfully getting people excited about space again (the Mohawk helped a bit, too).
And it wasn't just hype—the suspense is justified!
On 30 July 2012 the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) flight team began executing a plan of action, designed and programmed over nine months ago using software called VxWorks, which was created by the Intel subsidiary Wind River. VxWorks managed all of the white-knuckle inducing feats involved in the spacecraft's entry, descent, and landing. Mile Deliman, senior member of the technical staff at Wind River, explained:
Wind River's VxWorks is the software platform that controls the execution of all of Curiosity's functions—from managing avionics to collecting science data and sending the experimental results back to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on Earth using satellite telemetry.
When Curiosity landed on the surface of Mars on 6 August 2012 it became the eighth rover to travel to our rust-colored neighbor, and the fourth to successfully touchdown. Of those four, only one is still active: the Mars Exploration Rover (MER), Opportunity, which has been exploring the Red Planet for over 3100 days.
Since 2009 one of the MER operators, Scott Maxwell, has kept a blog detailing his days at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In his last post on 4 April 2012, he shared his thoughts on the experience as a whole:
[T]o contemplate how my life has changed in those years. Deaths, divorce, new beginnings — the rovers have been there to anchor me through ups and downs. No matter how bad things got, I'd go to work, reach across a hundred million miles of emptiness, and move something on the surface of another world. It was always magic.
The Curiosity rover is a huge upgrade from the earlier Mars Exploration Rover, with nearly ten times the mass of scientific instruments. In line with the four goals of the Mars Exploration program, Curiosity will attempt to:
- Determine whether Life ever arose on Mars.
- Characterize the Climate of Mars.
- Characterize the Geology of Mars.
- Prepare for Human Exploration.
As you can imagine, controlling a robot on another planet takes more than just a joystick and a pair of radio antennas. The MER teams are made up of hundreds of people working together to carry out the missions, and if Curiosity makes its landing they will jump into action. The difficulties they face are literally astronomical.
Continue reading the rest of this story at iQ by Intel.
With the help of iQ by Intel, PSFK.com is exploring how technology impacts our lives. iQ by Intel connects readers to the trends and discussions that are moving our planet forward. To read more inspiring stories about how technology is unleashing the world's human potential to create a better future visit iQ by Intel.


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This is a discussion on Upgrading front brakes.. within the Ninja 650R Performance Upgrades forums, part of the Kawasaki Ninja 650R category; Hey guys, I'm thinking about upgrading the front brakes. By that, I mean just changing pads and lines, not calipers. Wanted to know if any ...
Hey guys, I'm thinking about upgrading the front brakes. By that, I mean just changing pads and lines, not calipers. Wanted to know if any of you have tried steel braided lines. BRP has some and I also wanted to know if their $85 Vesrah brake pads are worth the $85. They also have some EBC's for $70. What differences would I expect to see if I upgraded to steel braided lines? Input would be much appreciated. Thanks.
DynoJet Power Commander (PC3), Arrow Aluminum Exhaust, ProGrip Tank Protector, ZG Double Bubble Short Screen, Piper-Cross High Flow Air Filter, Vortex Swing Arm Spools, Michelin Pilot Powers 170/60 ZR17 - rear, 120/70 ZR17 - front, EK RED 520 chain, Goodridge front and rear steel braided brake lines, R & G Frame Sliders, Ninja 650R Sport Bars version 1 bent and now version 2, Pro Grip 717 Sportbike Grips and Ninja 650R Billet handlebar clamp, JC Motors motorcycle cover, Woodcraft full rear sets.
EBC-HH pads are good for all around riding.
Vesrah RJL pads are for racing/track day use, or performance style riding.
Vesrah's have better initial bite.
EBC is also makes an new pad Extreme Pro, which we will be using next season.
For the 650, these retail for $75 a side.
I'll have them on my site soon.
Stock Kawasaki pads and steel braided lines. Motul 800 brake fluid. After bleeding brakes, hold lever in overnight with zip tie. Your brakes will be rock solid hard the next day.
I stay away from aftermarket pads. I have yet to find an aftermarket pad that will outperform the stock ones.
I am by no means putting down aftermarket. I just like the overall feel and performance of stock pads.
Gary you say your riders like the EBC-Pro's over the Vesrah RJL's and this is on the stock calipers?
At my last race (back in September) I put on a set of SRJL's on my R1 calipers (fitted to my 05zx6r forks) It is extreme braking. So much so that I have to be careful or I'll end up on my head. I'd call it overkill, and they weren't cheap.
They'll probably last me all next year, but I'm always interested in input.
I had a set of EBC's for part of the 08 season, and they warped after 2 race weekends, not OK.
What I have found with aftermarket brakes is either grabby brakes with accelerated rotor/pad wear, weak brakes with long wear, or squeaky squealing brakes.
I have never had an issue with stock pads. They always feel the same and wear the same each and every time.....
I don't ride track so I cannot comment on how the stock ones would hold up in the "heat of usage".
Chris, we've been running the same rotors for 3 years, using Vesrah RJL's.


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The rebates are all in the amount of $50, and indicate that the launch of these three Hotspots is imminent. Verizon currently sells two LTE Hotspots, and the newcomers will raise the total to five.
The Novatel MiFi 4510L and the USB551L, which is conveniently sized in the form of a USB stick, are both Mac-compatible, whereas Samsung's LTE modem is quite a thin rectangular device. It might also work for Macs, but not much is known about it at the moment. We will know pretty soon all the details, since the rebate list indicates they will hit the shelves soon. All are backwards compatible with Verizon's 3G network, and offer LTE speeds of 5-12 Mbps download, and 2-3 Mbps upload.
With the price of LTE being $50 for 5GB, and $80 for 10GB a month, you might be better off getting an HTC ThunderBolt (our LTE data speed tests with it here) while the $30 unlimited 4G offer is still out there, and then pay the additional $20 a month after May 15th to use it as a mobile hotspot every now and then, up to the 2GB limit. Verizon's current LTE modems cost $99 on a two-year contract after a $50 online discount, so the price for the three newcomers shouldn't differ much.
Thanks, Friendly Verizon Phantom!


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If Greece defaults, Italy might not be far behind.
As Greece tumbles into political chaos, investors are fretting about where the next debt domino might fall, and Italy is looking increasingly vulnerable.
Yields on Italy's 10-year bonds have surged well above 6 per cent – the country's highest borrowing costs since the creation of the euro and beyond what it can afford over the long haul.
The prospect that Greek voters might reject a European bailout package in a proposed referendum would make it tougher for embattled Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi to shield his country from contagion.
Hot money is shifting into German bonds and other perceived safe investment areas amid fears that Italian authorities won't have the political resolve to tackle their debt problems.
Italy's soaring bond yields are "clearly unsustainable for a country whose debt sits at 120 per cent of [gross domestic product]" said BMO Nesbitt Burns senior economist Benjamin Reitzes. The European Central Bank was buying Italian bonds Tuesday to add stability to the market, according to reports.
Italy has roughly €1.8-trillion ($2.5-trillion) of debt, portions of which it must continually refinance at prevailing interest rates.
A hard-fought European plan unveiled last week included a plan to boost a European bailout fund to €1-trillion. But as debt problems pile up, analysts said the fund could be too small, particularly if Italy has trouble rolling over its hefty debts at now-inflated interest rates.
Goldman Sachs economist Francesco Garzarelli argued in a research note that the standoff in Greece is really just a "proxy war" for Italy, where the real debate will take place over how far euro zone countries must go toward harmonizing their fiscal policies.
The Italian government is proposing tough austerity measures, including sharply higher taxes coupled with spending cuts. But there's lingering doubts that Italian politicians will be able to keep a lid on spending over time.
The larger dilemma is that Italy's fiscal problems aren't unique. The debts of many countries are simply too high in an environment where the economy is barely growing and the threat of another recession looms.
However, Mr. Garzarelli said the spread between Italian and German bonds – 4.5 percentage points – is exaggerated given the two country's relative fiscal and economic prospects. Although saddled with huge debts, Italy is on track to post a primary budget surplus – before interest charges – of 1 per cent of GDP this year, and even better in 2012.
He also said there's no reason to think that the European Central bank won't continue to prop up Italy's bond market and its banks.Report Typo/Error
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Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
The Indianapolis Bar Association was organized in 1878 with forty founding members. This number grew to three hundred by the 1920s. It was originally organized to provide a law library and reading room housed in the courthouse in order to serve its members. The organization also monitored the professional conduct of the bench and bar.
The Indianapolis News, the city's oldest newspaper, was started on December 7, 1869 by John Hampden, a 23 year-old reporter. Because of its low price (only 2 cents an issue) and its simple layout it became popular with Indianapolis readers. The newspaper gained a circulation of 2,500 after only three months of publication and had also at this time taken over the Mirror, a weekly publication.
The newspaper was intended to be politically independent but was considered to be editorially conservative. In May of 1892, Holliday sold the newspaper was to William H. Smith.


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Ssssnakes - Kissss Thissss
Released January 18, 2011 via Specialist Subject | Rating: 5/5 | By Ian Chaddock
Having started out as 3/5ths of one of the UK's finest punk band, The Arteries, Swansea quartet is completed by their merch guy and all-round ligging legend Pugs. Just a chance for the members to switch round instruments and play parties initially, Sssssnakes have grown into a slithering little beast itself. Highlights include the garage punk anthem 'Don't Tread On Us', ode to their big-haired friend 'Microphone Head' and the ode to skateboarding (yet lamenting of British weather) that is 'Sssssnake Or Die'. From start to finish this is fun, sing-along stuff, as is their live show. Fans of The Ergs!, Dead Milkmen and the Descendents will love this. Sssssimply essssential.


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Decarie-Cauthen Saturday
By Dave Spencer / Fightnews Canada
Undefeated Antonin Decarie (22-0 6KO) headlines the action this Saturday at the Casino de Montreal as the #3 (WBO) ranked welterweight prospect meets Terrence Cauthen (33-5 9KO) of Trenton New Jersey. The Montreal prospect will be defending his NABO North American championship and trying to remain perfect against the thirteen year pro Cauthen who should pose the biggest threat yet to Decarie's perfect mark.
A former bronze medal winner at the 1996 Atlanta games, Cathen, now 33 has lost two of his last three but has provided trouble to those trying to make a mark in the welterweight division. In July of last year, Cauthen managed a decision over undefeated prospect Alexis Camacho and also has a win over Ricky Quiles. Amongst his losses Cauthen has gone the distance against the dangerous Paul Williams and most recently versus 19-1 Shamone Alvarez. Decarie is up for the challenge that the slick swift moving lefty poses and is looking forward to returning to the ring.
"I know he is a very quick, mobile fighter who is difficult to catch up to and do well against," said Decarie. "To become champion though I'll have to go through all sorts of fighters and I can't let somebody like Cauthen get in my way."
Also appearing on the card will be young knockout sensation David Lemieux who will be looking to make it 18 knockouts in as many fights. The 20 year-old went past the 4th round for the first time in his last fight, a fifth round knockout of 18-2 Bladimir Hernandez, and is now continuing to up the competition as he enters his third year as a pro. This time out Lemieux faces former Contender series alumni Donny McCrary (24-9-2 13KO) and who has now lost four of his last five. No stranger to Montreal, McCrary comes to the city for his second straight fight and has faced off against Sebastien Demers, battled the tough Walid Smichet to a draw, and travelled to Romania to face now IBF super-middleweight champion Lucian Bute.
Also on the card will be the two newly signed Columbians who were so impressive the last time out in their pro debuts, both scoring knockouts. This time light-heavyweight Elieder Alvarez gets former Canadian champion Willard Lewis while heavyweight Oscar Rivas will go up against trial horse Stephane Tessier. Lightweight Logan McGuiness (6-0) also makes his way back to Montreal where he faces Jorge Banos (4-4-3).


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Over a decade ago American forces, in conjunction with Afghan allies, swept through Afghanistan and routed the Taliban. In 2001 it appeared one could see the end of Taliban influence and power in Afghanistan. Fast forward to 2013 and General John Allen who is leaving command of US forces in the country was confident the Taliban would be routed. "The insurgency will be defeated over time by legitimate and well trained Afghan forces." He went on to assure one and all that "Afghan forces defending Afghan people, (are) enabling the government of this country to serve its citizens."
We already defeated the Taliban, we turned over government to Afghan leaders and they proceeded to create a world in which Afghan people preferred the Taliban to its own government. Sorry, General Allen, the problem is NOT the Taliban, it is in Kabul where a group of corrupt leaders exploit and use their own people. I am certain of one thing, if the Taliban gain victory they will not capture Afghan leaders who will be sitting in their luxurious homes in England of the US.


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On the bright side, I was pleasantly surprised to find an email from HOUZZ last week letting me know that Honey We're Home was a winner in the Design category for Best Of Remodeling. I think my closet was the room that garnered the award.
Monday, March 26, 2012
Thank You HOUZZ!
On the bright side, I was pleasantly surprised to find an email from HOUZZ last week letting me know that Honey We're Home was a winner in the Design category for Best Of Remodeling. I think my closet was the room that garnered the award.
34 comments:
Wow! What a gorgeous closet. You certainly deserve that award.ReplyDelete
Congrats on the award :)ReplyDelete
Well deserved!
That is just wonderful Megan! Congrats! I've admired your closet for years! It's beautiful! ~ Kim @ Sand & SisalReplyDelete
Congratulations, Megan! I love your closet...and all your shoes. ;)ReplyDelete
Congratulations! Loved your closet!ReplyDelete
Congratulations! Loved your closet!ReplyDelete
Congrats on your award!! (I'm pretty sure I "pinned" every picture of your closet for my "dream" closet! haha)ReplyDelete
congrats! Your closet is beautiful but I am sure it was more than just the closet that won you the award. You deserve the recognition!ReplyDelete
Congratulations!! What great news!ReplyDelete
Hope you feel better soon, my poor baby battles allergies too!
You closet is beautiful, I never get tired of seeing it...I have closet envy!!!
Congrats! I saw your closet post before now and you have without a doubt, the best closet I've ever seen for "real" person as opposed to a celebrity. And I loveeee the lighting.ReplyDelete
Hats off to you, Megan!ReplyDelete
You really do have the best closet I've seen in all the blogs.
Save for Mariah Carey's...
Hope you are well. And enjoying the beginning of the terrible 2s.
Ooo I like your closet!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 26, 2012 at 10:45 AM
Love the closet. You definitely deserve the award. Congrats! Also, I was curious where you got/what brand the gold and silver twisted sandals on the second shelf are from? I love them and am looking for a similar pair. Thanks!ReplyDelete
yay! congratulations and it is definitely well deserved!ReplyDelete
your closet is BEAUTIFUL!!!!!!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
Congratulations! You have a closet that is to die for.ReplyDelete
Congratulations on the award! I have to say, your closet is pretty awesome!ReplyDelete
I would DIE for those kind of shoe shelves! SO PRETTY! Congrats-you deserve it!ReplyDelete
Congrats! very exciting and obviously well deserved! xoReplyDelete
So deserving, your closet is amazing. Allergies have gotten me down too. I wish all the pollen would just go away.ReplyDelete
You rock!!!!!! Glad you're feeling better, too!ReplyDelete
Wow - your closet is SO FABULOUS!! Your home and life is what I aspire to. Congrats - so deserved!ReplyDelete
You have the most fantabulous closet ever! I might not mind doing laundry if I had a closet like yours.ReplyDelete
Congratulations. Your closet really is amazing.ReplyDelete
Congrats, Megan! I got the same award but for my living room (old house). So exciting!! :) :)ReplyDelete
Triple Wow! Your closet is gorgeous. Well deserved Megan.ReplyDelete
I am having major closet envy--that is one gorgeous closet!ReplyDelete
Congratulations, Megan! You are most deserving of this reward. You have the most gorgeous closet around! You did an amazing job with it. Glad you're feeling better.ReplyDelete
Wow! Your closet is amazing! Congratulations on the award! You deserve it 100%!ReplyDelete
Congrats!! Still obsessing over the closet ;)ReplyDelete
Congrats! so well deserved!ReplyDelete
What an amazing closet you have! Definitely well deservedReplyDelete


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On The Line is Here…
The time for trailers is over: On The Line by Goldstein Productions is here.
Cody and Polley representing.
If you enjoy high speed, the Whistler Bike Park, DH and real people riding at intense speeds this may be your cuppa.
Ian getting it dialed in Pemberton this spring.
Smokey roosting in Pemberton.
Enough preliminaries – skip over to goldsteinproductions.ca and see for yourself.
Once you have seen part one and part two – or just part one or just part two – let us know what you think here…
Please log in to leave a comment.


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Rask stars in net as Bruins top Rangers
Associated Press | Last updated January 19, 2013
Tuukka Rask stopped 20 shots for Boston in his first game after taking over for two-time Vezina Trophy winner Tim Thomas, and the Bruins beat the New York Rangers 3-1 Saturday night in the lockout-delayed season opener. Milan Lucic and Daniel Paille scored for Boston, which won the Northeast Division last year before losing in the first round of the playoffs. Rask backed up Thomas during the Bruins' 2011 Stanley Cup run and inherited the job when the enigmatic Thomas decided to take a year off to rest. Brad Richards scored for the Rangers on an assist from Rick Nash, the former Columbus star who was New York's biggest acquisition over the summer. Henrik Lundqvist made 31 saves for the Rangers, who finished with the best record in the Eastern Conference last season but lost in the conference finals to the New Jersey Devils.
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Oct. 30, 2007
How to make a veggie turkey centerpiece
By Andrea Beveroth
You also will need a cutting board, sharp knife and plenty of toothpicks. The turkey can be made up to a day-and-a-half in advance, if it's covered, water spritzed and kept in the refrigerator. Wait to add the lettuce leaves the day of the event so they do not wilt. Whole cloves (2)
Butternut squash
Yellow squash (2)
Red leaf lettuce
Carrots (about 5)
Red chili pepper
Cucumbers (2)
Artichoke (optional)
Radish magazine is published by Small Newspaper Group and distributed by Moline Dispatch Publishing Co., L.L.C.
1720 5th Ave., Moline, IL 61265