text:
Composer offers surprise gift to Shaler orchestra teacher
Before the Shaler Area High School orchestra students sat down to perform one of the Trans-Siberian Orchestra's signature arrangements in the annual winter concert, two students presented orchestra teacher Shirley Rankin with a gift from the composer himself.
Shaler Area seniors John Beckas and Ken Andrews took the microphone before the final concert song, "Wizards in Winter," composed by Trans-Siberian Orchestra composers and co-producers Paul O'Neill and Robert Kinkel, to honor Rankin for her dedication and present her with a Trans-Siberian Orchestra concert program signed by O'Neill, and a $1,000 donation from the producer.
"It's amazing," Rankin said with tears in her eyes after receiving the gift. "I'm speechless, and it doesn't happen often."
Rankin said the signed program was special enough but to also receive the $1,000 donation from O'Neill, "that money, we can do so much."
Beckas and Andrews attended the Trans-Siberian Orchestra show in Pittsburgh on Dec. 7. The second-row seats were a birthday gift to Beckas from his mother. While the pair, who both play upright bass in the school orchestra, relished the second-row experience, it was the chance meeting with O'Neill after the concert that they never will forget.
O'Neill signed the students' programs and gave each of them a Trans-Siberian Orchestra jacket. But when the students told O'Neill about their school orchestra program and Rankin, he grabbed another program and signed it especially for Rankin.
On the inside of the program, O'Neill autographed the booklet to "the Rankinator," a playful nickname the students gave their orchestra teacher, who pushes their musical abilities in class.
He then wrote Rankin a thankful message on the back cover of the program: "An artist can create 1,000 works of art, but a teacher creates 1,000 artists."
When Beckas and Andrews told O'Neill there are 49 students in the orchestra this year, the largest class since Rankin started teaching at Shaler Area 10 years ago, he pulled out his billfold and handed the teens $1,000 in cash for the program.
After the experience, Andrews and Beckas could barely contain their excitement.
"We couldn't believe what happened; we were speechless," Andrews said. "Random people don't just give two teens $1,000."
On the ride home, the students knew the presentation to Rankin had to be special, so they kept the gifts a secret for a week and a half in order to make a public presentation at the annual winter orchestra concert.
"It was a secret to keep, but a story we couldn't wait to tell," Beckas said. "We decided the goal of this was to show (Rankin) her efforts are just as much appreciated as ours."
Rankin has all of the Trans-Siberian Orchestra CDs and started introducing Trans-Siberian Orchestra arrangements into her students' repertoire five or six years ago.
"The kids love it," Rankin said. "It's technical, but when they like it, they practice it a lot so they rise to the challenge."
This year's senior class is the first fourth-grade class Rankin started teaching when she expanded the orchestra program into the elementary level. The gift makes the class even more memorable.
"They're almost like my own kids," Rankin said. "I've seen them grow, so it means a lot to me."
Bethany Hofstetter is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 724-772-6364 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Post subject: Gift Your Marketing Message Go Viral? Here's How To Enjoin
We dungeon chance virtually videos that "go viral" on YouTube. Consider of those odd cat videos, "Merged Breaks Guitars," and the US Naval Academy stepping out "Gangnam Communication.
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text:
Luxury demands attention. Elevate your brand with corporate gifting from Truefitt & Hill North America.
Select from our line of gift boxes, or customize your selection from our distinctive range of shaving creams, balms, fragrances, hair and skin care products as well as razors, brushes, stands and accessories, beautifully packaged and branded with your company logo.
Gift cards are also available for email redemption in $50 and $100 denominations.
For further enquiries, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
A couple of nights ago at open mat training, one of our white belt Japanese students tried to gogo-plata me. I postured, passed and submitted him. He's a great dude, but always tries to pull off the fanciest stuff... Flexa screams at him most of the time: "NUMATA!!! NO CRAZY MOVEMENT!!!"
Then my other friend, who's a blue belt, told the Japanese kid: "He passed your guard, because you didn't go for for mission control to double bagger control. That way, there is no way for him to pass, and he's trapped..."
Mind you. I have been training BJJ since 2000, and the more I learn, the more I realize I don't understand anything about jiu jitsu.
But I do know one thing: hearing the word mission control coming from the mouth of a one-year blue belt teaching a spazzing white belt, I have to grind my teeth...
Can I get an Amen?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 14, 1992
|Filing date
|Jan 31, 1991
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 1988
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Manzur Gill, Sebastiano D'Arrigo, Sung-Wei Lin
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (1), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 07/494,051, filed Mar. 15, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,980, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/219,528, filed July 15, 1988, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/152,789, filed Feb. 5, 1988, now abandoned.
This application discloses subject matter also disclosed in co-pending applications Ser. No. 07/648,087, filed Jan. 31, 1991, which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/494,060, filed Mar. 15, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,307, which is a continuation of application Ser. Nos. 07/219,530, filed July 15, 1988, now abandoned, and 07/685,358, filed Apr. 15, 1991, which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/494,042, filed Mar. 15, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,721, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/219,529, filed July 15, 1988, now abandoned. The foregoing applications are assigned to Texas Instruments Incorporated and are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to semiconductor memory devices, and more particularly to an electrically-erasable, electrically-programmable ROM (read-only-memory) of the floating-gate type, and to a method for making such a device.
EPROMs, or electrically-programmable ROMs, are field-effect devices with a floating-gate structure. An EPROM floating gate is programmed by applying proper voltages to the source, drain and control gate of each cell, causing high current through the source-drain path and charging of the floating gate by hot electrons. The EPROM type of device is erased by ultraviolet light, which requires a device package having a quartz window above the semiconductor chip. Packages of this type are expensive in comparison with the plastic packages ordinarily used for other memory devices such as DRAMs (dynamic-random-access-memories). For this reason, EPROMs are generally more expensive than plastic-packaged devices. EPROM devices of this type, and methods of manufacture, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,984,822; 4,142,926; 4,258,466; 4,376,947; 4,326,331; 4,313,362; or 4,373,248; for example. Of particular interest to this invention is U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,024, issued June 7, 1988 and filed Feb. 18, 1986 by John F. Schreck and assigned to Texas Instruments Incorporated, where an EPROM is shown made by a method similar to that of U.S. Pat. No. 4,258,466; but with an offset floating gate.
EEPROMs, or electrically-erasable, electrically-programmable ROMs, have been manufactured by various processes, usually requiring a much larger cell size than standard EPROMs and requiring more complex manufacturing processes. EEPROMs can be mounted in opaque plastic packages that reduce the packaging cost. Nevertheless, EEPROMs have been more expensive on a per-bit basis, in comparison with EPROMs, due to larger cell size and to more complex manufacturing processes.
Flash EEPROMs have the advantage of smaller cell size in comparison with standard EEPROMs because the cells are not erased individually. Instead, the array of cells is erased in bulk.
Currently available flash EEPROMs require two power supplies, one for programming and erasing and another for reading. Typically, a 12-volt power supply is used for programming and erasing and a 5-volt power supply is used during read operations. It is desirable, however, to employ a single relatively low-voltage supply for all of the programming, erasing and reading operations.
It is the object of this invention to provide an electrically programmable memory, or an electrically-erasable and electrically-programmable memory, that uses a single, relatively low-voltage, external supply for both programming and erasing, allowing the memory device to be compatible with on-board or in-circuit programming where systems have a single external power supply. It is also an object to provide a non-volatile memory that can be packaged in a less expensive opaque plastic package. An additional object is to provide an electrically-programmable memory that does not require high current for programming. A further object is to provide an improved method for making an EEPROM or a "flash" EEPROM, as well as an improved cell for an EEPROM or a "flash" EEPROM, the manufactured cell using P+ implanted regions for isolation between wordlines, using thick oxide for isolation between bitlines, and providing improved coupling between the control gate and the floating gate during programming and erasing operations.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an electrically-erasable PROM or EEPROM is constructed using an enhancement transistor merged with a floating-gate transistor. The floating-gate transistor has a small tunnel window adjacent the source in a contact-free cell layout, enhancing ease of manufacture and reducing cell size. The device has bitlines (source/drain regions) that are buried beneath relatively thick silicon oxide, allowing a favorable ratio of control gate to floating gate capacitance. Programming and erasing are accomplished using the tunnel window area near the source. The window has a thinner dielectric than the remainder of the floating gate to allow Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. By using dedicated drain and ground lines, rather than a virtual-ground layout, and by using thick oxide for isolation between the bitlines of adjacent cells, the floating gate can extend onto adjacent bitlines and isolation areas, resulting in a favorable coupling ratio. The isolation between adjacent wordlines can be by a P+ implanted region, similar to a channel-stop. Use of the P+ implanted region permits smaller cell size.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following description of particular embodiments thereof, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of small part of a semiconductor chip having memory cells according to one embodiment;
FIGS. 2a-2e are elevation views in section of the semiconductor device of FIG. 1, taken along the lines a--a, b--b, c--c, d--d, and e--e of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of the cells of FIGS. 1 and 2a-2e; and
FIGS. 4a-4d are elevation views in section, corresponding to FIG. 2a, of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2a-2e at successive stages in the manufacture thereof.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2a-2e, and 3, an array of electrically-erasable, electrically-programmable memory cells 10 is shown formed in a face of a silicon substrate 11. Only a very small part of the substrate is shown in the Figures, it being understood that these cells are part of an array of a very large number of cells. A number of wordlines/control gates 12 are formed by second-level polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) strips extending along the face of the substrate 11, and bitlines 13 are formed beneath thick thermal silicon oxide layers 14 in the face. These buried bitlines 13 create the source region 15 and the drain region 16 for each of the cells 10. A floating gate 17 for each cell is formed by a first-level polysilicon layer extending across about half of a cell 10 and across one bitline and extending over onto another adjacent bitline 13. Two "horizontal" or X-direction edges of the floating gate 17 for a cell are aligned with the edges of a wordline/control gates 12. A tunnel area 19 for programming and erasing is formed near the source 15 of each cell 10, and silicon oxide at this window 19 is thinner, about 100 A, compared to the dielectric coating 20 of about 350 A for the remainder of the channel beneath the floating gate 17. Programming and erasing can be performed using a relatively low externally-applied voltage when the structure of the invention is employed, with Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling requiring very little current. The coupling between layer 12 and layer 17, compared to coupling between floating gate 17 and source 15 or substrate 11, is more favorable because the floating gate extends out across the bitlines 13 and isolating area 22. Therefore, a larger fraction of the programming/erasing voltages applied between control gate 12 and source 15 will appear between floating gate 17 and source 15. The cell 10 is referred to as "contact-free" in that no source/drain contact is needed in the vicinity of cell itself.
In contrast to the device of co-pending U.S. patent application No. 07/(interim designation 648,087) filed herewith, the regions between wordlines are implanted with P-type impurity to create doped isolation regions 21 that isolate cells from one another in the Y-direction. As in the device described in that application, strips 22 of LOCOS thick field oxide separate bitlines 13 between cells in the X-direction. Note that the array of cells is not of the "virtual-ground-circuit" type because there are two bitlines 13 or column lines (one for source, one for drain) for each column (Y-direction) of cells, one bitline being a dedicated ground, and one being the data input/output and sense line.
The EEPROM cells of FIGS. 1, 2a-2e and 3 are programmed with a voltage Vpp applied to the selected wordline 12 of about +16 v to +18 v with respect to the source 15 of the selected cell 10. The source 15 of the selected cell 10 is at ground or other reference voltage. For example, in FIG. 3, if the cell 10a is selected to be programmed, then the wordline labelled WL1 is brought to +Vpp and the source labelled S0 is grounded. The voltage +Vpp can be internally generated with charge pumps on the chip, with the externally-applied supply voltage having a relatively small positive potential, perhaps +5 v. The selected drain 16 (labelled D0 in this example) is allowed to float under these programming conditions so there is little or no current through the source-drain path. The Fowler-Nordheim tunneling across the tunnel oxide 19 (with thickness of about 100 A) charges the floating gate 17 of the selected cell 10a, resulting in a shift in threshold voltage of perhaps 3-6 volts after a programming pulse approximately 10 milliseconds in length.
A selected cell 10 is erased by applying a voltage Vee (internally generated) of perhaps -10 v on the selected wordline/control gate 12 and a voltage of about +5 v on the source 15 or bitline 13. The drain 16 (the other bitline 13) is allowed to float. During the erasure tunnelling, electrons flow from the floating gate 17 to the source 15 because the control gate 12 is negative with respect to the source 15.
When a "flash erase" is performed (all cells erased at one time), all of the drains 16 in the array are allowed to float, all of the sources 15 are at potential Vdd, and all of the wordlines/control gates 12 are at potential -Vee.
To prevent a write-disturb condition during the programming example (cell 10a being programmed), all of the sources 15 of non-selected cells, such as cell 10b, on the same wordline WL1 of FIG. 3 are held at a voltage Vb1, which is in the approximate range of 5-7 volts positive. The drains 16 of non-selected cells such as 10b are allowed to float, preventing any source-drain currents from flowing. The voltage Vb1 applied to the sources 15 prevents the electric fields across the tunnel oxides 19 of the cells, including example cell 10b, from becoming large enough to charge the floating gates 17.
Another condition to be avoided is the "bitline-stress", or deprogramming, associated with a high electric field across the tunnel oxide of a programmed cell when the source of the cell is at a potential near Vb1. To prevent this bitline stress condition, the non-selected wordlines/control gates WL0 and WL2 of FIG. 3 are held at a voltage in the approximate range of 5-10 volts positive, thereby reducing the electric field across the tunnel oxide 19 of each non-selected programmed cell. A programmed cell such as 10c has a potential of about -2 to -4 volts on its floating gate, so when the voltage Vb1 on the source S1 of such a cell 10c is in the range of 5-7 volts positive, the field across the tunnel oxide 19 could tend to deprogram the cell, but with voltage in the range of 5-10 volts positive on the wordline WL2, the field is reduced. This voltage on the wordline/control gate WL2 is not so great, however, as to cause a voltage threshold Vt change in a cell having no charge on its floating gate.
The cells described above can be read at low voltage. For example, a row of cells may be read by placing +3 v on the selected wordline/control gate, zero volts on all of the other wordlines/control gates, zero volts on all of the sources, and +1.5 v on all of the drains. In this condition, the source-drain path of a cell will be conductive in an erased or a non-programmed state (a cell with zero charge on its floating gate), i.e., storing a logic one. A programmed cell (programmed to the high-voltage-threshold state, with a negative charge on the floating gate) will not conduct, i.e., storing a logic zero.
A method for making the device of FIG. 1 and 2a-2e will be described in reference to FIG. 4a-4d. The starting material is a slice of P-type silicon of which the substrate 11 is only a very small portion. The slice is perhaps 6 inches in diameter, while the portion shown in FIG. 1 is only a few microns wide. A number of process steps would be performed to create transistors peripheral to the array, and these will not be discussed here. For example, the memory device may be of the complementary field-effect type in which N-wells and P-wells are formed in the substrate 11 as part of a prior process to create peripheral transistors. The first step related to the cell array of the invention is applying oxide and silicon nitride coatings 30 and 31 as seen in FIG. 4a, and patterning these coatings using photoresist to leave nitride over what will be the channel regions, the sources and drains, and bitlines 13 while exposing the areas where the thick field oxide 22 is to be formed. A boron implant at about 8�1012 cm2 dosage is performed to create a P+ channel stop region beneath the field oxide 22. Then the field oxide 22 is grown to a thickness of about 9000 A by exposing to steam at about 900� C. for several hours. The thermal oxide grows beneath the edges of the nitride 31, creating a "bird's beak" 22a instead of a sharp transition.
Turning now to FIG. 4b, the nitride 31 is removed and, in the area where the bitlines 13 are to be formed, an arsenic implant is performed at a dosage of about 6�1015 cm2 at 135 KeV, using photoresist as an implant mask, to create the source/drain regions and bitlines. Next, another thermal oxide 14 is grown on the face to a thickness of about 2500 to 3500 A over the source/drain regions and bitlines 13, during which time a thermal oxide of about 300 A will grow over the channel areas (due to the differential oxidation occurring when heavily-doped and lightly-doped silicon are exposed to oxidation at the same time), to create the oxide layers 14 above the source/drain regions and bitlines 13. This oxidation is in steam at about 800� to 900� C. At the transition areas 18 where the bird's beak 22a has been formed, the edge of the originally-formed thermal oxide has masked the arsenic implant so the concentration is lower and so the oxide growth in that area is less than that of the oxide 14 of the oxide 22.
Referring now to FIG. 4c, a window 19 (also seen in FIG. 1) is opened in the gate oxide 20. This is done using photoresist as mask, and etching through the oxide 20 to the bare silicon, then growing a thin oxide to form the tunnel window 19. During oxidation of tunnel window 19, oxide 20 over the channel region will grow to approximately 350 A.
Referring now to FIG. 2a, first polysilicon layer is now applied to the face of the silicon slice, doped N+, and a coating 34 of oxide, or oxide-nitride-oxide, is applied to separate the two polysilicon levels. The first-level polysilicon is defined using photoresist to leave elongated strips in the Y-direction, parts of which will become the floating gates 17. An oxidation, performed after the first-level polysilicon, and also creates the gate oxide 35 for the series enhancement transistor 36. A second polysilicon layer is deposited, doped N+, and patterned using photoresist to create the wordlines/control gates 12. At the same time as the wordlines/control gates 12 are defined, the edges of the first-level polysilicon are etched, so that the elongated X-direction edges of the floating gates are self-aligned with the edges of the control gates.
A self-aligned ion implant step is performed, using the stacked polysilicon-1 and polysilicon-2 layers of wordlines/control gates 12 and floating gates 17 as a mask, to create the isolating regions 21. For this purpose, boron is implanted at a dosage of about 1012 cm2 at about 70 KeV. After annealing and oxidation, this implant produces the P+ regions 21 very much like channel stop implants beneath field oxide.
The physical dimensions of P-type isolating element 21 may be less than the corresponding physical dimensions of LOCOS isolating element 21 of co-pending U.S. patent application No. 07/(interim designation TI-12792B.1) referenced above. Therefore, the memory arrays using the cell 10 of this invention may utilize less area on an integrated circuit chip.
Optionally, the junction profile on the channel side of source 15 may be tailored to make certain that it terminates under the 350 A gate oxide 20, extending over the entire lower surface of window 19 and thereby maximizing the field-plate breakdown voltage of the source junction. Extension 15a or 15b of source 15 extends past the window 19 area and greatly increases the possibility that erasure will be by purely Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and not by hot carriers. For example, extension 15a may be formed to extend source 15 completely under the lower surface of window 19 by implanting a N-type impurity in window 19 prior to or after growing the 100 A coating. An alternative procedure is to include phosphorus as one of the doping materials used to form source 15, then subjecting the slice to a temperature cycle that causes the phosphorus to diffuse laterally under window 19 to form extension 15b.
While the invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the illustrative embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to this description. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments that fall within the true scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 2, 1978
|Mar 31, 1981
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|High density electrically programmable ROM
|Oct 26, 1979
|Mar 2, 1982
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|High density, electrically erasable, floating gate memory cell
|Sep 17, 1979
|Apr 27, 1982
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|High coupling ratio electrically programmable ROM
|Feb 18, 1986
|Jun 7, 1988
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Offset floating gate EPROM memory cell
|Jul 16, 1987
|Apr 18, 1989
|Seeq Technology, Inc.
|MOS floating gate memory cell containing tunneling diffusion region in contact with drain and extending under edges of field oxide
|Aug 20, 1987
|Jul 18, 1989
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Method of making an EPROM memory cell
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 1997
|Jan 26, 1999
|Nec Corporation
|Method of making non-volatile semiconductor memory devices having large capacitance between floating and control gates
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 3, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 1, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 27, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
An outdoor carnival is a great way to celebrate most holidays, except that one where the whole sky turns into fire. Celebrate in safety with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $11 for VIP admission for two to the Brazilian Outdoor Festival (a $22 value)
- $50 for Gold VIP admission for two to the Brazilian Outdoor Festival (a $100 value)
Each VIP Gold admission includes 4 food and drink tickets worth $10 each. The Brazilian Outdoor Festival takes place Sunday, Sept. 8 from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m.
Via Brasil Steakhouse
From its 1978 opening in New York City, Via Brasil Steakhouse has withstood the test of time and critics to bring the churrascaria tradition to diners on both ends of the country. At the stately Las Vegas restaurant, South American traditions come through not only in the more than 18 meats that grace tables but also in the way each one is prepared and served. The special churrascaria cooking traces its origins to southern Brazil's gauchos, who wound down their long days of herding cattle on the Pampas by roasting cuts of beef over crackling fire pits and writing up formal business proposals for opening steak houses in America. Today, chefs continue that tradition by roasting slabs of meat on rotisserie grills, then slicing each one tableside in order to give diners the exact cuts and temperatures they desire.
Inside the restaurant, an opulent surrounding of marble columns and countertops, floral centerpieces, and huge, sunny windows complement smartly dressed servers as they tote skewers to tables and carve off tender morsels of top sirloin, leg of lamb, and salmon. Selections from 16 side dishes garnish each savory cut of meat with exotic ingredients such as hearts of palm and yucca fries, and a salad bar urges diners to help themselves to more than 30 unique recipes. To complement the feasts, an ample wine cellar and a resident sommelier help diners bring out the rich flavors of each dish with expert advice on the dozens of bottles from around the world.
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ChiZine.com reviews Marlow
ChiZine.com recently took a crack at Arcana's Marlow. Below is a sampling of the review, but CLICK HERE to read it in full.
"Unfolding somewhere between Apocalypse Now and Night of the Living Dead, Nelson marries two genres not commonly found cozying up to one another in comicdom: the zombie horror tale, and the black-ops underground war story. While the gory zombie violence is certainly up front, Nelson's conflicted protagonist also offers a conscience into the story. Infusing philosophy on the nature of man, Nelson elevates things above the standard fare. Clearly, the author's influences go beyond Romero and multiple viewings of Commando. This is no Call of Duty: The Zombie Edition. Admirably, Nelson is just as interested in philosophical discourse as he is with carnage."
Thanks to ChiZine.com for the review!
To order a copy of Marlow, keep reading!
Diamond Code: SEP118014
Arcana Project Site: http://www.arcana.com/view_title.php?id=63
Written By: Aaron Nelson
Art By: Dario Carrasco
Marlow is a zombie story inspired by Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness". It's about one man's journey into the darkness of his soul, and his discovery that perhaps we're all zombies. Marlow is an ex-Marine caught in a dilemma impossible to solve: commit atrocious acts for a global corporation in order to receive medicine that keeps him from reverting to a zombie state, or walk away and suffer the fate of becoming some terrible creature. Struggling with his fears of his affliction and the monster he might become, Marlow abandoned his wife and young daughter, losing his dignity and freedom as he chose a nihilistic life. It is only during this journey told in the story that Marlow realizes that perhaps by avoiding suffering he has become like the zombies he so fears to become and that the only way out is to suffer his fate and become one. "Marlow is a zombie tale about suffering and its part in our humanity, and, in that sense, not about zombies at all.


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The Voyager probes have been in and out of the headlines over the past few years as they near the interstellar boundary. It is amazing that technology that is nearly forty years old is still able to function in the extremes of space and has sent back some very interesting photos and data about the most remote reaches of the Solar System.
One thing that a lot of people wonder about is what kind of cameras are on the Voyager probes. Are these cameras that you can purchase at the local store? How are they different than the kinds of cameras we have in our homes? Those are the questions we'll try to tackle today.
The cameras on the Voyager probes are not quite like what you'll find in a store. These vidicon cameras were specially made to work in the cold vacuum of space and to draw energy from the plant on the Voyager probes. The "camera" is actually two cameras with a variety of filters and lenses as well as a development system and data processing system to relay the photos back to NASA's JPL. The Imaging Science System on Voyager 1 weighs in at 38.2 kilograms (84 lbs) so it's probably not anything you're going to find in a store or be able to carry around with you — unless you're really strong.
Modern cameras are probably more powerful and have more sensitive light sensors and filters. The lenses on modern cameras are probably higher-quality but would have a lot of problems functioning in outer space. In recent years, camera manufacturers may receive contracts for cameras to go on-board a space mission and they generally have to make adjustments so that the cameras — designed to work on Earth under most circumstances — can withstand the extreme temperature changes, lack of gravity, and radiation found outside the Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetosphere.
Still, the Voyager probes have continued to send data back to NASA for over thirty-five years now. The information and photos gleaned from these probes have taught us much more about the gas giants and about the outer parts of the Solar System than we had managed to figure out in all of the centuries before. Though the photographic part of Voyager has been shut down due to the lack of light and the need to conserve energy, Voyager continues to act as our "eyes" by showing us, in other ways, what conditions are like at the very edge of our Solar System.
The Voyager series also taught NASA one important lesson: people find space photography fascinating. NASA would later make use of this to help keep the Hubble Space Telescope mission going and to get support for new space telescopes. The images captured by Hubble have permeated the popular culture to such a large extent that any time the US Congress starts talking about cutting funding to it, there is an enormous outcry in support of keeping Hubble going.
— da Bird


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Back in 2007, I was invited by IDW to write a six part series for Doctor Who called The Forgotten. To date it has remained my most bought and most printed book, with the paperback trade moving into multiple printings.
Well this month, it's returning. Twice. The latter of these is at the end of the month when it's released as a limited edition hardcover, with a brand new cover design and a whole new piece by yours truly on how it was created, but the former of these two re releases is something slightly different.
This week IDW release the first of the 'Omnibus' range aimed at the new and continuing adventures of the Tenth Doctor. And it's serious value for money,with the collected editions of three previous Doctor Who trades within – Agent Provocateur, written by Gary Russell, Through Time And Space,with stories by Leah and John Reppion, John Ostrander, Rich Johnston, Charlie Kirchoff, Rich Starkings / Gary Russell and my one shot The Time Machination all within, and ending with all six issues of The Forgotten.
It's incredible value for money, and with luck will lead to a second omnibus that'll collect my 16 issues of Tenth Doctor adventures and the Tenth Doctor annual at a later date. Personally, it's nice to see someone like IDW remembering the love that so many fans have for the Tennant era.


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European Union: Fixit or Brexit?
We have recently witnessed the toe-curling spectacle of the Nobel Peace Prize being given to the European Union for its contribution to world harmony. I was hoping the award ceremony would be held somewhere like Athens or Madrid, preferably at a youth centre, but it is to be held in Stockholm, well north of the EU disenfranchised.
Quite on what basis the EU can lay claim to such an honour is a mystery to me. It is true we have had peace in Europe for a few decades, albeit with some notable exceptions, but that would have happened with or without the EU. Believe it or not, there have been a number of periods of non-war in Europe before the EU was even a glint in the eye of the federalist fanatics.
This claim is no different to somebody like Robert Mugabe claiming to have introduced the internet to Zimbabwe – a complete overstatement of the importance and effectiveness of politicians. At least Mugabe did not foist the euro on the rest of the world. If anything, the EU's mongrel currency has been the primary agent in causing a distinct lack of harmony.
Naturally, the European Council (headed by democratically unelected Herman Van Rompuy – that is why Europe is stuck with him, like it or not) noted that the Nobel committee rightly reminds how ''the Union and its forerunners have for over six decades contributed to the advancement of... democracy.'' You can accuse the EU of many things, but acting as torchbearer for democracy is surely not one of them. Who are these people trying to kid?
It appears they are not kidding the UK Government any longer. An "anti-EU nonsense" stance has hardened considerably recently. The latest in a long line of EU nonsense is a demand by the Commission for a 6.85 per cent increase in the EU Budget. They do this while they pontificate austerity on the rest of us. The hypocrisy is breathtaking, with one eurocrat lamenting they are not mere "burger flippers". At least a burger flipper adds to GDP, whereas champagne socialists thwart it and consume what's left.
No wonder David Cameron said "I have not put in place tough settlements in Britain in order to go to Brussels and sign up to big increases in European spending". This resonates with Margaret Thatcher who said: "We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them reimposed at a European level".
This encapsulates why the EU position so often jars with that of the UK (at least when Labour is not in power). In essence, the EU has socialist tendencies (Commission President José Manuel Barroso is, after all, an ex-enthusiastic leader of a Maoist group) based on a belief that the state should be interventionist.
This is complete anathema to the UK middle ground, which believes in small government and private enterprise as the key towards economic recovery.
For the EU, both good times and bad are the ideal time for closer integration.
In the UK, there is no general understanding as to why the EU should be anything more than a common market (which is what the UK electorate was sold when joining the EEC). Indeed, the EU has been effective in promoting free trade. The expensive and bureaucratic ancillaries that come with it are not needed, and not wanted.
Cameron is now being hailed in some circles as a potential latter-day Moses, leading his downtrodden people from Brussels, across the parted Channel, to freedom at the white cliffs of Dover. He has promised an in/out referendum on EU membership. A cynic might argue that the EU treats referendums as 'populist', and in that spirit Cameron (as head of an EU state) has the authority to remove the UK from the EU without the unnecessary expense of consulting the electorate – he can subsequently re-introduce democratic principles into a state which is ready to receive them.
However, those who hope for such an outcome are likely to be disappointed. Cameron's objective may simply be limited to gaining repatriation of powers from Brussels to London and to help steer the EU towards a more effective course aimed at economic recovery.
It ought to be possible, if the EU reins in its unfortunate tendencies towards unnecessary power grab. That would not be such a bad outcome. As a resident of an EU country, I see the UK as providing the perfect counterbalance to EU extremism. We have seen it, for example, in respect of the financial transaction tax – clearly something in Malta's favour. (To an extent, the UK can do the heavy lifting for us). Arguments against are just as useful as argumentsin favour, when in pursuit of optimal outcomes.
An EU without the UK would be a poorer place. EU politicians have a job on their hands to reverse the growing conviction that the UK outside the EU would be a richer and freer place.
Curmi & Partners Ltd are members of the Malta Stock Exchange and licensed by the MFSA to conduct investment services business. This article is the author's objective and independent opinion. It is based on public information and should not be viewed as investment advice in any manner. The value of investments may fall as well as rise and past performance is no guarantee of future performance.
Mr Webster is head of equity research at Curmi and Partners Ltd.
See our Comments Policy Comments are submitted under the express understanding and condition that the editor may, and is authorised to, disclose any/all of the above personal information to any person or entity requesting the information for the purposes of legal action on grounds that such person or entity is aggrieved by any comment so submitted. Please allow some time for your comment to be moderated.


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The Golden Notebookby Doris Lessing
Anna is a writer, author of one very successful novel, who now keeps four notebooks. In one, with a black cover, she reviews the African experience of her earlier years. In a red one she records her political life, her disillusionment with communism. In a yellow one she writes a novel in which the heroine relives part of her own experience. And in a blue one she
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Anna is a writer, author of one very successful novel, who now keeps four notebooks. In one, with a black cover, she reviews the African experience of her earlier years. In a red one she records her political life, her disillusionment with communism. In a yellow one she writes a novel in which the heroine relives part of her own experience. And in a blue one she keeps a personal diary. Finally, in love with an American writer and threatened with insanity, Anna resolves to bring the threads of all four books together in a golden notebook.
Doris Lessing's best-known and most influential novel, The Golden Notebook retains its extraordinary power and relevance decades after its initial publication.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780061582486
- Publisher:
- HarperCollins Publishers
- Publication date:
- 10/14/2008
- Series:
- P.S. Series
- Pages:
- 688
- Sales rank:
- 459,275
- Product dimensions:
- 5.60(w) x 8.20(h) x 1.60(d)
Read an Excerpt
The Golden Notebook
A Novel
Chapter One
Free Women: One
Anna meets her friend Molly in the summer of 1957 after a separation
The two women were alone in the London flat.
'The point is,' said Anna, as her friend came back from the telephone on the landing, 'the point is, that as far as I can see, everything's cracking up.'
Molly was a woman much on the telephone. When it rang she had just inquired: 'Well, what's the gossip?' Now she said, 'That's Richard, and he's coming over. It seems today's his only free moment for the next month. Or so he insists.'
'Well I'm not leaving,' said Anna.
'No, you stay just where you are.'
Molly considered her own appearance--she was wearing trousers and a sweater, both the worse for wear. 'He'll have to take me as I come,' she concluded, and sat down by the window. 'He wouldn't say what it's about--another crisis with Marion, I suppose.'
'Didn't he write to you?' asked Anna, cautious.
'Both he and Marion wrote--ever such bonhomous letters. Odd, isn't it?'
This odd, isn't it? was the characteristic note of the intimate conversations they designated gossip. But having struck the note, Molly swerved off with: 'It's no use talking now, because he's coming right over, he says.'
'He'll probably go when he sees me here,' said Anna, cheerfully, but slightly aggressive. Molly glanced at her, keenly, and said: 'Oh, but why?'
It had always been understood that Anna and Richard disliked each other; and before Anna had always left when Richard was expected. Now Molly said: 'Actually I think he rather likes you, in his heart of hearts. The point is,he's committed to liking me, on principle--he's such a fool he's always got to either like or dislike someone, so all the dislike he won't admit he has for me gets pushed off on to you.'
'It's a pleasure,' said Anna. 'But do you know something? I discovered while you were away that for a lot of people you and I are practically interchangeable.'
'You've only just understood that?' said Molly, triumphant as always when Anna came up with--as far as she was concerned--facts that were self-evident.
In this relationship a balance had been struck early on: Molly was altogether more worldly-wise than Anna who, for her part, had a superiority of talent.
Anna held her own private views. Now she smiled, admitting that she had been very slow.
'When we're so different in every way,' said Molly, 'it's odd. I suppose because we both live the same kind of life--not getting married and so on. That's all they see.'
'Free women,' said Anna, wryly. She added, with an anger new to Molly, so that she earned another quick scrutinising glance from her friend: 'They still define us in terms of relationships with men, even the best of them.'
'Well, we do, don't we?' said Molly, rather tart. 'Well, it's awfully hard not to,' she amended, hastily, because of the look of surprise Anna now gave her. There was a short pause, during which the women did not look at each other but reflected that a year apart was a long time, even for an old friendship.
Molly said at last, sighing: 'Free. Do you know, when I was away, I was thinking about us, and I've decided that we're a completely new type of woman. We must be, surely?'
'There's nothing new under the sun,' said Anna, in an attempt at a German accent. Molly, irritated--she spoke half a dozen languages well--said: 'There's nothing new under the sun,' in a perfect reproduction of a shrewd old woman's voice, German accented.
Anna grimaced, acknowledging failure. She could not learn languages, and was too self-conscious ever to become somebody else: for a moment Molly had even looked like Mother Sugar, otherwise Mrs. Marks, to whom both had gone for psycho-analysis. The reservations both had felt about the solemn and painful ritual were expressed by the pet name, 'Mother Sugar'; which, as time passed, became a name for much more than a person, and indicated a whole way of looking at life--traditional, rooted, conservative, in spite of its scandalous familiarity with everything amoral. In spite of--that was how Anna and Molly, discussing the ritual, had felt it; recently Anna had been feeling more and more it was because of; and this was one of the things she was looking forward to discussing with her friend.
But now Molly, reacting as she had often done in the past, to the slightest suggestion of a criticism from Anna of Mother Sugar, said quickly: 'All the same, she was wonderful, and I was in much too bad a shape to criticise.'
'Mother Sugar used to say, "You're Electra," or "You're Antigone," and that was the end, as far as she was concerned,' said Anna.
'Well, not quite the end,' said Molly, wryly insisting on the painful probing hours both had spent.
'Yes,' said Anna, unexpectedly insisting, so that Molly, for the third time, looked at her curiously. 'Yes. Oh I'm not saying she didn't do me all the good in the world. I'm sure I'd never have coped with what I've had to cope with without her. But all the same . . . I remember quite clearly one afternoon, sitting there--the big room, and the discreet wall lights, and the Buddha and the pictures and the statues.'
'Well?' said Molly, now very critical.
Anna, in the face of this unspoken but clear determination not to discuss it, said: 'I've been thinking about it all during the last few months . . . now I'd like to talk about it with you. After all, we both went through it, and with the same person . . . '
Anna persisted: 'I remember that afternoon, knowing I'd never go back. It was all that damned art all over the place.'
Molly drew in her breath, sharp. She said, quickly: 'I don't know what you mean.' As Anna did not reply, she said, accusing: 'And have you written anything since I've been away?'
'I keep telling you,' said Molly, her voice shrill, 'I'll never forgive you if you throw that talent away. I mean it. I've done it, and I can't stand watching you--I've messed with painting and dancing and acting and scribbling, and now . . . you're so talented, Anna. Why? I simply don't understand.'
'How can I ever say why, when you're always so bitter and accusing?'
Molly even had tears in her eyes, which were fastened in the most painful reproach on her friend. She brought out with difficulty: 'At the back of my mind I always thought, well, I'll get married, so it doesn't matter my wasting all the talents I was born with. Until recently I was even dreaming about having more children--yes I know it's idiotic but it's true. And now I'm forty and Tommy's grown up. But the point is, if you're not writing simply because you're thinking about getting married . . . '
'But we both want to get married,' said Anna, making it humorous; the tone restored reserve to the conversation; she had understood, with pain, that she was not, after all, going to be able to discuss certain subjects with Molly.
Molly smiled, dryly, gave her friend an acute, bitter look, and said: 'All right, but you'll be sorry later.'
'Sorry,' said Anna, laughing, out of surprise. 'Molly, why is it you'll never believe other people have the disabilities you have?'
'You were lucky enough to be given one talent, and not four.'
'Perhaps my one talent has had as much pressure on it as your four?'
'I can't talk to you in this mood. Shall I make you some tea while we're waiting for Richard?'
'I'd rather have beer or something.' She added, provocative: 'I've been thinking I might very well take to drink later on.'
Molly said, in the older sister's tone Anna had invited: 'You shouldn't make jokes, Anna. Not when you see what it does to people--look at Marion. I wonder if she's been drinking while I was away?'
'I can tell you. She has--yes, she came to see me several times.'
'She came to see you?'
'That's what I was leading up to, when I said you and I seem to be interchangeable.'
Molly tended to be possessive--she showed resentment, as Anna had known she would, as she said: 'I suppose you're going to say Richard came to see you too?' Anna nodded; and Molly said, briskly, 'I'll get us some beer.' She returned from the kitchen with two long cold-beaded glasses, and said: 'Well you'd better tell me all about it before Richard comes, hadn't you?' The Golden Notebook
A Novel. Copyright © by Doris Lessing. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Available now wherever books are sold.
What People are Saying About This
Meet the Author
Winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature, Doris Lessing was one of the most celebrated and distinguished writers of our time, the recipient of a host of international awards. She wrote more than thirty books—among them the novels Martha Quest, The Golden Notebook, and The Fifth Child. She died in 2013.
Brief Biography
- Hometown:
- London, England
- Date of Birth:
- October 22, 1919
- Place of Birth:
- Persia (now Iran)
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Reading THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK was a life-changing experience for me. The book resonated with me so strongly. It's the complex and beautiful story of Anna Wulf, a writer living in London. Anna writes about her love affairs, her job, her writing, her friends, her youthful days in Africa. Several notebooks comprise her diary. In the diary section, she writes of her life. In the novel section is the novel inspired by Anna's life. In a sense, it's a 'mix-and-match' book, like a four-piece suit. I've read the complete work. I've read the 'novel' part only. I've also read the diary section only. TGN is a brilliant novel--an intellectual primer on the 'crystallising process' (as she says) of novel-writing. For years, I'd heard/read rumours that Doris Lessing was this-close to winning the Nobel. So congratulations, Ms. Lessing. Finally!--Yolanda A. Reid
This is my favorite book by Doris Lessing, which is saying a lot because I regard her writing so highly. I must fall back on President Abraham Lincoln's famous book review, in case your tastes differ from mine: "If this is the kind of book you like, you will like this book."
The golden Note book is a very good book but is it so great as to win the greatest literarary award is open to question.It atracted me more as a feminist book than as a work of great literarary merit
Per other reviews and it's prize for literature, I thought this would be a great read, but after 85 pages I just couldn't get into it. It seemed more of a lecture than a novel. I'm sorry I bought it.
I had heard many great things about this book. It took me awhile to get into and once I did it was pretty good. I feel it would be best enjoyed by an older woman that can relate more to Anna than I as a 25 year old can. But I did understand it to an extent and would definitely say it is worth the effort and time to read it.
This book is very well written. I love the fact she had different notebooks to create one.This book is indeed a joy to read.
Definitely more to be gotten from this book if you're a woman I suspect, but I liked it too simply because of how well written it is. Vivid, heartfelt descriptions and musings about life.
This is a really great book for anyone but i guess its for girls you could say anyway i loved this book it was so good and such a great page turner.
I was really disappointed. The story is too wordy and doesn't grab the readers attention. Definately not worth the effort of reading 600 pages.
Thru grand children's children this book is just silly the more things change the more they stay the same i remember when the whole town met and took by mouth the polio vaccine also remember when sl many went back to school the community college average studebt age became 35 years


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آشنایی با لیلا روزهای سهشنبه و چهارشنبه (۱۶ و ۱۷ اکتبر) در جشنوارۀ فیلم شیکاگو با حضور عادل یراقی کارگردان فیلم نمایش داده شد.
- گفتوگو با عادل یراقی دربارۀ آشنایی با لیلا
یراقی در این گفتوگو دربارۀ چگونگی حضور یافتن لیلا حاتمی در این فیلم توضیحات کاملی میدهد. مصاحبهکننده هم فیلم را بسیار پسندیده و آن را یکی از فیلمهای مطرح امسال جشنوارۀ شیکاگو میداند و به همه توصیه کرده آن را ببینند.
- ریویوی اسکرین بر آشنایی با لیلا
- برخی نظرات ابراز شده دربارۀ این فیلم:
1) CIFF notes: a good year for Iranian films, if not Iranian filmmakers
By Ben Sachs, Chicago Reader, October 16, 2012
For Chicagoans anyway, this has been an exceptional year for Iranian movies, given the extended run of Asghar Faradi's A Separation (the first Iranian film to win an Academy Award), the local premieres of Jafar Panahi's heroic This Is Not a Film (which screens again at Doc Films on the 27th) and Rafi Pitts's The Hunter, and the above-average selections (The Last Step and the personal essay My Home, which plays later this month) in the Film Center's annual Iranian series. In this climate, it's easy to overlook the two Iranian films playing this week at the International Film Festival, Adel Yaraghi's Meeting Leila (which screens tonight and tomorrow at 8:30 PM and on Saturday at noon) and Bahman Ghobadi's Rhino Season (which screens tomorrow at 3:30 PM, Saturday at 2:15 PM, and Sunday at 7:45 PM), though I'd say both films are worth your time.
Lighter in tone and much looser in its imagery, Meeting Leila first seems like a lark compared to the other Iranian releases of the year. A chain-smoking ad man (played by cowriter-director-producer-editor Yaraghi) receives an ultimatum from his fiancee: either the cigarettes go or I do. Considering the fiancee is played by Leila Hatami, one of the most beautiful and talented actresses in the world, his choice should be a no-brainer. But bad habits die hard, and Yaraghi finds plenty of familiar humor in the quitting process. In one scene I'm especially fond of, Hatami goes through her man's apartment and uncovers cigarettes in about a couple dozen places. Yaraghi films the scene in one take, though it doesn't last long: Hatami knows where he's hidden every smoke, and she disposes of them all quickly and gracefully.
Likewise, I detect a hidden agenda beneath Leila's unassuming surface. It's possible that the movie is an allegory about chauvinism in Iran—a long-standing habit that everyone knows is unhealthy—with the outspoken, independent-minded Hatami representing the gorgeous modern woman with whom the nation could live happily if only it heeded her sane advice.
2) CIFF'12 Reviews
By Gabrielle Bondi, October 17, 2012
Meeting Leila
A romantic comedy of sorts, Meeting Leila stars A Separation star Leila Hatami, who plays a woman trying to get her fiancé to quit smoking. The movie mostly revolves around her fiancé, an "ideas man," who is a serious chain smoker. It also doesn't help that smoking helps spur on his creativity, which is necessary since he works for an ad agency. He can't afford to come up with bad ideas, but he doesn't want to lose Leila. The film takes us through his often comedic struggle to finally quit smoking.
I was a little surprised how funny and sweet Meeting Leila is. It's a rather simple story, but still very enjoyable. The humor laced throughout the movie was a definite plus. It also had its dramatic moments where Leila explains why she can't stand smoking and when her fiancé tries to figure his debts before he gets married, while still trying to come up with creative ideas. The actors hit the right tone for this kind of story. It's light and unassuming, unless you look harder for an allegorical subtext about Iran. The lovely Leila Hatami was great, although I wish she had a little more screen time. Adel Yaraghi played the fiancé well, and he did just as fine a job directing and co-writing the film.
Rating: 7.5/10 ★★★★★★★☆
3) Films to see during the Chicago festival's first week
By Bill Stamets, Chicago Sun-Times, October 11, 2012
"Meeting Leila" (Iran): "When I smoke the ideas rush into my head," explains a two-pack-a-day Camels smoker. This "ideas man" makes ads for local businesses. He promises to quit before his wedding. The couple had met cute when her VW broke down and began to roll toward his VW. His cigarette habit, however, may wreck their marital prospects. Adel Yaraghi directs a screenplay he co-wrote with Iranian icon Abbas Kiarostami that diverts with absurdist touches.
4) 48th Chicago International Film Festival Preview, Part 2
By Michael Glover Smith, White City Cinema, October 15, 2012
Meeting Leila (Adel Yaraghi, Iran)
Rating: 8.2
This supremely confident feature debut by Adel Yaraghi, based on a script he co-wrote with his mentor Abbas Kiarostami, features an irresistible comic premise: Nader (Yaraghi) is an "ideas man" for an advertising agency who considers smoking cigarettes integral to his creative process. His sensitive fiancé, Leila (the great Leila Hatami, best known to American audiences for her performance as Simin in A Separation), works as a perfume tester and has demanded that he quit smoking before their wedding day. The problems that ensue are emblematic of the universal obstacles and compromises that all couples in serious relationships must face. What finally makes this film so satisfying though, in addition to the winning performances of the leads, is Yaraghi's uncommon command of form; humor slyly arises from compositions and editing – Yaraghi cuts from a shot of Nader reading a poem directly into the camera to the most priceless "reaction shot" I've seen in years (which I won't give away here), as well as deftly worked out gags involving careful considerations of space (two men in a hospital sharing a cigarette underneath the locked door between them) and time (an impressive long take that nearly literalizes the phrase "bull in a china shop"). I also greatly appreciated what Yaraghi does with primary colors, the weather, and Duke Ellington and John Coltrane's rendition of "In a Sentimental Mood." This is a director to watch.


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May 27, 2017 11:35 AMTAORMINA, Sicily - A summit of the leaders of the world's wealthiest democracies has ended without a unanimous agreement on climate change, as the Trump administration plans to take more time to say whether the U.S. is going to remain in the Paris climate deal. The other six powers in... more »
Trump set to roll back federal fuel-economy requirements
March 7, 2017 1:43 PMWASHINGTON - The Trump administration is moving to roll back federal fuel-economy requirements that would have forced automakers to significantly increase the efficiency of new cars and trucks. The requirements were a key part of former President Barack Obama's strategy to combat global warming. The Environmental Protection Agency is... more »
Trump sets 5-year and lifetime lobbying ban for officials
January 28, 2017 6:34 PMWASHINGTON - President Donald Trump is imposing a lifetime ban on administration officials lobbying for foreign governments, and a five-year ban for other lobbying. Trump used his executive authority Saturday to put in place the bans - fulfilling part of his campaign pledge to "drain the swamp" in Washington. Trump... more »
School buses to receive new engines in Volkswagen settlement
January 13, 2017 11:05 AMBATON ROUGE - School buses in Louisiana will receive new engines that cut down on pollution as part of a settlement with Volkswagen. Volkswagen Group agreed Wednesday to plead guilty to criminal charges and pay $4.3 billion for attempting to defraud the U.S. government by rigging more than a half-million... more »
Climate change film "An Inconvenient Truth" gets a sequel
December 9, 2016 10:01 PMLOS ANGELES - Al Gore's climate change documentary, "An Inconvenient Truth," is getting a sequel. Paramount Pictures said Friday the follow-up to the Oscar-winning original will premiere at next January's Sundance Film Festival. In the new documentary, former Vice President Gore examines global warming's escalation and the solutions at hand,... more »
New voting locations for EBR
November 1, 2016 11:50 AMBATON ROUGE – With the election days away and early voting coming to a close, voters will be making their way to the new polling locations in East Baton Rouge Parish. Several polling locations have changed due the August flood. The changes will affect more than 34,000 East Baton... more »
Pointe Coupee residents learn more about possible government change Play Video
October 26, 2016 9:49 PMPOINTE COUPEE - A change in government could be coming, as voters decide whether to keep their police jury or switch to a parish council. In a packed meeting, residents listened to arguments on both sides of the coin, before they get a chance to vote on the Novermber 8... more »
Man accused of hiring ex-wife's killers in court
December 15, 2015 11:39 AMBATON ROUGE - The case of a man accused of hiring people to kill his wife over an expensive divorce was in Baton Rouge court Tuesday morning. Hamid Ghassemi's case was in court for a change in attorneys defending him against first-degree murder charges. Ghassemi is accused of... more »
Obama: Business needs seat in climate efforts
November 30, 2015 6:28 PMPARIS - President Barack Obama says the private sector needs to have a seat at the table as the world's governments attempt to curb global warming. He says that governments will set the targets that nations will try to reach, but it will be scientists, private sector investors and workers... more »
Pope at Cuban Mass: Overcome resistance to change
September 21, 2015 12:11 PMHOLGUIN, Cuba - Pope Francis is calling on Cubans to heed Jesus Christ's invitation to overcome resistance to change. Speaking in his homily at a large outdoor Mass in Holguin's Revolution Plaza, the pontiff says Christ challenges us daily to believe in the possibility of personal transformation. Francis... more »
Amidst confederate controversy, university won't change name
July 11, 2015 1:02 PMSALT LAKE CITY - Amid moves to take down Confederate flags nationwide, some say Utah's Dixie State University should re-open a discussion about changing its name. Professor Dannelle Larsen-Rife says the name Dixie can have racist associations for people and changing it would improve the school's image. A group unsuccessfully... more »
Study: American, European bumblebees feeling climate sting
July 9, 2015 2:35 PMNEW YORK - A new study says climate change is shrinking the geographic range of many bumblebee species in North America and Europe, which could put them at risk of dying out. Researchers found that a geographic squeeze occurred on both continents over the past 40 years. While the northern... more »
Appeals court tosses suits challenging climate change plan
June 9, 2015 11:06 AMWASHINGTON - A federal appeals court has thrown out a pair of lawsuits challenging the Obama administration's plan to address climate change. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled Tuesday that the lawsuits are premature because the proposed rule from the Environmental Protection Agency is... more »
No more fake mac and cheese
April 20, 2015 7:45 PMCHICAGO- There's a new healthy make-over coming for the timeless favorite, Kraft Macaroni and Cheese. Its going natural with no more bright yellow pasta with artificial preservatives and synthetic colors. Now, it'll be made with the real McCoy of fresh spices. Kraft promises it won't change the taste and all... more »
Cool Schools: CHANGE at Donaldsonville High Play Video
February 24, 2015 7:22 AMDONALDSONVILLE - If you watched the Oscars Sunday night, you noticed plenty of political messages, including discrimination, bullying and violence. That same conversation is taking place everyday in an English class at Donaldsonville High School in Ascension Parish. "CHANGE" is an acronym symbolic of Donaldsonville High students. It stands... more »
Pace of play not expected to be college football rules issue
February 9, 2015 4:39 PMThe NCAA coordinator of college football officials says he does not expect pace of play to be a major topic when the rules committee meets this week. Rogers Redding said Monday the use of technology on the sideline will be a focus during committee meetings Tuesday and Wednesday. Redding said... more »
Baton Rouge locals bowl for a cause
October 5, 2014 7:50 PMBATON ROUGE - The Boys Hope, Girls Hope organization of Baton Rouge involved the community in reaching at risk youth, Sunday afternoon. The first day of the event was Saturday and hundreds showed up between the two days. The organization held the " Bowl for Hope" event at... more »
Vitaminwater gives in
August 1, 2014 7:42 PMNEW YORK- Fans of Vitaminwater complained so much about the new sweetener, Coca-Cola is going back to the original formula. The company changed the sweetener in the drink just a few months ago but there where so many negative comments on Vitaminwater's Facebook page, Coca-Cola gave in. The... more »
Trademark board rules against Redskins name
June 18, 2014 9:26 AMWASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Patent Office has ruled the Washington Redskins nickname is "disparaging of Native Americans" and that the team's federal trademarks for the name must be canceled. The ruling announced Wednesday comes after a campaign to change the name has gained momentum over the past year. The... more »
Speed limits to change on thousands of streets
May 28, 2014 10:46 PMBATON ROUGE- City work crews will begin replacing speed limit signs in thousands of neighborhoods with brighter reflectors and slower speed limits after a vote by the Metro Council Wednesday. The council approved an agenda item to lower the speed limit from 30 to 25 on streets that do... more »
Council to discuss lowering speed limit, replacing 12,000 signs Play Video
May 27, 2014 9:10 PMBATON ROUGE - Residential traffic in East Baton Rouge Parish could be moving slower, if the Metro Council approves a speed limit change. The proposal by councilman Ryan Heck would reduce the speed limit from 30 to 25 on non-striped residential streets inside city limits and in unincorporated areas.... more »
50 senators to NFL: Change Redskins' racist name
May 22, 2014 9:23 AMWASHINGTON, D.C. - Half of the U.S. Senate says it's time to change the name of the Washington Redskins. Forty-nine Democratic senators wrote NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell on Thursday. They say racism and bigotry do not belong in professional sports. The lawmakers say the NBA set a good example by... more »
What's in a name?
May 9, 2014 8:12 PMWASHINGTON- Add Congress to the name controversy surrounding the NFL's Washington Redskins. Congressman Henry Waxman of California asked for a hearing calling the name "another example of racial insensitivity in sports" in the wake of Donald Sterling's lifetime ban from the NBA. Sterling's ban resulted from racist comments... more »
CATS bus routes to change March 30
March 26, 2014 3:17 PMBATON ROUGE- The Capital Area Transit System has announced it will be making major changes to its bus route system at the end of the month. On March 30, CATS buses will be using a new system, that will include five transit hubs to improve efficiency and shorten ride... more »
School ads to reflect nutritional values Play Video
February 25, 2014 5:48 PMBATON ROUGE - New regulations came today for healthier advertisements on school campuses. The next step in First Lady Michelle Obama's "Let's Move" campaign to fight obesity is to make advertisements at schools follow the school nutrition standards. The new regulations prohibit ads for what's considered unhealthy foods on... more »
Corn Maque Choux from Triumph Kitchen Play Video
November 1, 2013 2:50 PMBATON ROUGE - One couple hopes to change lives for those headed down the wrong path. Sommer and Chris Wadsworth's non-profit organization, Triumph Kitchen, is designed to teach at-risk-youth and under-privileged teens between 16-22 basic life skills. The power duo will teach them how to succeed in the hospitality... more »
Bossier City nearly 1/3 through water meter change
October 13, 2013 2:30 PMBOSSIER CITY - With nearly one-third of Bossier City's new, automated water meters installed, billing supervisor Judy Vetkoetter says most people who have called to complain about higher bills have been satisfied with the city's explanation. They're told the new meters are more accurate than the old ones - and... more »
Obama: Make climate change a must for your vote
June 29, 2013 10:57 AMWASHINGTON - President Barack Obama is urging Americans to rally support for his plan to combat climate change. In his weekly radio and Internet address, Obama says Americans are already paying the price for climate change. He says America will be judged by how it responds. Obama's national plan involves... more »
Jindal seeks regulatory change, after bill fails
June 9, 2013 10:13 AMBATON ROUGE, La. - Gov. Bobby Jindal's attempt to restructure early childhood education hit a roadblock in the Legislature. Unrelated disputes between the House and Senate stalled the bill that would have directly tied public dollars to student performance. Now, the Jindal administration is looking to make regulatory changes to... more »
Lawmakers change rules for passing school formula
June 5, 2013 4:30 PMBATON ROUGE - Louisiana's lawmakers have agreed to change the process for handling the public school financing formula, to comply with a recent Louisiana Supreme Court ruling. The high court said the 2012-13 formula, called the Minimum Foundation Program or MFP, was unconstitutional because it didn't reach certain timeline and... more »
Women's game looking to implement backcourt rule
May 9, 2013 3:24 PMNEW YORK - The 10-second backcourt rule will go into effect in NCAA women's basketball for the first time next season if a recommendation from the sport's rules committee is approved. The U.S. women's college game is the only level worldwide that does not have a 10-second backcourt rule. The... more »
Federal appeals court to hear climate change suit
April 8, 2013 10:22 AMJACKSON, Miss. - A federal three-judge panel has agreed to hear an appeal from a ruling that a group of Mississippi coastal landowners can sue energy and chemical companies on allegations that linked greenhouse gas emissions to Hurricane Katrina. The lawsuit alleges that greenhouse gas emissions from energy and chemical... more »
Conference to teach students about climate change
April 2, 2013 1:40 PMNEW ORLEANS - Dillard University says 10 historically black colleges and universities are holding a conference this week about climate change and community resilience. The HBCU Climate Change Student Conference runs Thursday through Saturday at Dillard. Dillard's Deep South Center for Environmental Justice says the conference is designed to introduce... more »
Facebook ready to change News Feed
March 7, 2013 7:46 AMNEW YORK - Amid chatter of "Facebook fatigue," the world's biggest social networking company is getting ready to unveil a new look for its News Feed, the flow of status updates, photos and advertisements its users see on the site. Facebook is hosting an event at its Menlo Park, Calif.,... more »
Catholics confident church will remain strong Play Video
February 11, 2013 5:46 PMBATON ROUGE- Some Catholics in Baton Rouge were surprised by Pope Benedict's announcement he would be stepping down at the end of February. Others, including some church leaders, say there have been some signs and rumors. Father Tom Ranzino says Benedict's health appeared to be a bigger issue in... more »
Ex-N.O. cop to seek venue change for trial
February 6, 2013 2:54 PMNEW ORLEANS- A former New Orleans police officer charged with writing a false report on a deadly shooting in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, is planning to ask if his retrial can be moved from New Orleans. The retrial of Travis McCabe stems from the deadly shooting of Henry... more »
Countdown to rumored Pelicans announcement
January 24, 2013 10:43 AMNEW ORLEANS - The New Orleans Hornets are a few hours away from the expected announcement that they're changing their name to the Pelicans. A countdown clock on the team's website is ticking down to a 3 p.m. reveal, which is widely believed to be owner Tom Benson's rebranding... more »
Group gives LA high marks for education changes
January 7, 2013 9:53 PMBATON ROUGE- Sweeping changes to the education system in Louisiana received accolades from a group that tracks education policies. A report by StudentsFirst ranked Louisiana the best in the nation for "putting students first." "The state has adopted meaningful educator evaluations, and it requires districts to base all... more »


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Investor Faces New Russia Fraud Charges
MOSCOW—Russian authorities announced new fraud charges against U.S.-born investor William Browder, escalating pressure in a politically charged case that has fueled tensions between Moscow and the West.
The new charges come as a Moscow court is set to begin hearings in a rare posthumous trial of Mr. Browder's former lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, on tax-evasion allegations next week.
Mr. Magnitsky died in a Moscow jail in 2009 after...


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The nation of Egypt is in chaos. Thousands are in the streets protesting about this or that. They are demanding one version of democracy over another. The economy is in shambles and what does the American government propose to restore freedom to a nation that actually has never enjoyed that form of government? The United States government has promised the Egyptian military four more jet planes. The US annually gives the Egyptian military about $1.4 billion in aid in order to ensure that its officers are able to enjoy free housing and nice new weapons of mass destruction.
Former President Mohamed Morsi is a former president as of this moment. The military and the police are back on the streets where they now encounter Muslim Brotherhood folk instead of secular folk. Hopefully, this latest episode of who is in power will conclude with some form of democratic society being formed. Actually, at this point in time ensuring that people have gasoline for cooking is probably the most important form of stability in Egypt.
Or, the US could send more jets.


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State Mosquito Control Efforts Appear to be Working [AUDIO]
There's no sign of the West Nile Virus and nothing out of the ordinary when it comes to the state's mosquito control efforts.
State Epidemiologist Doctor Tina Tan describes routine surveillance and activities to decrease the number of areas where mosquitoes breed in New Jersey.
Dr. Tan says they're working very closely with their Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) partners to continually identify areas where there's increased mosquito and West Nile Virus (WNV) activity.
"A lot of efforts that the County Mosquito Control Commissions are doing are going out there and doing surveillance, they're taking samples of mosquito pools and they're testing them for things like West Nile Virus and other vector-borne disease. In addition, they're taking a lot of steps to decrease the egg burden as well as doing some efforts to also decrease the habitats where the mosquitoes can breed," Tan explained.
She says while mosquito activity is picking up, no dead Crows or Blue Jays have been turned in, which has commonly been a tell tale detector of WNV activity.
However, we're not out of the woods yet. Tan says they are seeing mosquito activity pick up and advises residents to take precautions to keep from being bitten.
"By trying to make sure that they avoid being outside when mosquitoes are most predominant, like such as during dusk and dawn and if they're gonna be outside, to make sure they wear things like insect repellent."
Tan also advises residents to survey homes to seal off areas where mosquitoes from entering.
She also says residents can also help by trying to eliminate spots where mosquitoes can grow, "such as stagnant water areas, making sure that they clean out their gutters, emptying bird baths and the like."


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There are many classic comedy routines, but none is more lauded than the one in which someone walks toward a banana peel and places it in the garbage. Enjoy throwaway gags with this GrouponLive deal.
The Deal
- One G-Pass to Latin Stars of Comedy with Paul Rodriguez & Carlos Mencia
- When: Sunday, May 5, at 6 p.m.
- Where: Sleep Train Arena
- Door time: 5 p.m.
- Ticket values include all fees.

Seating Options
- $20 for 100 level section (up to a $57.80 value)
- $50 for rows 1–10 in floor section 1–4 and a meet and greet with Carlos Mencia at 5 p.m. (up to a $117.20 value)
- Click here to view the seating chart.

Because the ticket is a G-Pass, Groupon customers can use it to enter the venue directly; they will not need to redeem their Groupon at will call. Due to security restrictions, G-Passes must be printed out and presented in person at the event. They cannot be redeemed through Groupon's mobile app.

Latin Stars of Comedy with Paul Rodriguez & Carlos Mencia
On Cinco de Mayo, comedians Paul Rodriguez and Carlos Mencia headline an evening of laughter and music. Following high-energy sets by the comedic superstars and several other Latin performers, powerhouse singer and drummer Sheila E. rings in the holiday with her band.

Paul Rodriguez
Veteran funnyman and bilingual performer Paul Rodriguez has been making people laugh since his break doing comedy warm-ups for Norman Lear's TV show Gloria. His no-holds-barred takes on Hispanic culture and growing up in both Mexico and the United States have endeared him to audiences around the world, while his acting chops have earned him roles in films such as Crocodile Dundee in L.A., A Million to Juan, and Beverly Hills Chihuahua. But he's recognized for more than just his sharp wit—as a strong presence in the community, he was awarded the Ruben Salazar Award from Hispanic civil rights organization The National Council of La Raza.

Paul Rodriguez at The Laugh Factory
Warning: Contains mild language.

####Carlos Mencia From appearing on In Living Color and The Arsenio Hall Show to headlining The Three Amigos tour and helming his own Comedy Central show, Mind of Mencia, [Carlos Mencia](http://carlosmencia.com/) has thoroughly crisscrossed the comedy globe. Bold, animated, and outspoken, Mencia has traveled the physical globe as well, entertaining troops in far-flung locales such as Kuwait, Turkey, and Afghanistan.
**Carlos Mencia Performing Live**
Warning: Contains adult themes and even more adult language.
1 Sports Pkwy.
Sacramento, CA 95834
+19164554647Get Directions


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Mature Beyond Her Years, 14 Year Old Erica Stoner Wins Golf Title
Published July 5th, 2011
Loading Video...
Most young Floridian's are spending their time off at the beach, but summer is no leisure time for golfers and local standout Erica Stoner is making waves on the course.
The Ocala native has just picked up a huge win, clinching the Florida Woman's Golf Association State Junior Championships. Only fourteen years old, Stoner attributes a lot of her success to both of her parents, especially Dad. Rick Stoner, a former long driver, has been pivotal in his daughters development into a talented athlete and an inspiration in her life.
TV20 spends some quality time out in Ocala with a humble and a driven little girl who knows exactly what she wants.
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- Woman is Behind Bars After Fighting With her 14 Year Old Daughter
- 50-Year-Old Dunnellon Grandmother Found Shot To Death In Her Driveway
- Levy County House Fires Kills 10 Year Old and her Great Grandmother
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From monday to friday: 9h00 - 18h00 (non-stop)
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From monday to friday: 9h00 - 18h00 (non-stop)
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That's what's flyin' out of the belfries of the King William keep this evening. All pre-order special deals from the Grindhouse webstore have been shipped (along with the various bitz you have all ordered in addition). If you can't find the top hatch for Gracie, look in the Blitzhund/Zip bag in your set. My kids and I missed it on the first bitz sorting pass this weekend :-). Just waiting on some more flying bases for Drohne to be able to ship out Australian pre-order deals to Martin. Another few days. Or maybe Martin has some!!! Only need a few.
The book is real purty by the way...
Rollout is happening people. West Wind will have their books and models as soon as humanly possible. US webstore goes live with new stuff as soon as Tom hands me photos of painted Zip, Gracie, and Panzeraffe.
Peace, Jim


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CableTV.com Recommends DIRECTV for your TV service
Do you know which company is rated the best TV service provider among the satellite TV and cable companies in West Green, GA? According to recent data, it's DIRECTV. This rating is based on the results of independent consumer surveys, meaning you're getting an unbiased evaluation that allows you to better evaluate the cable companies and television services available in your area.
The best cable company in West Green, GA has to meet some high standards. You can't just look for the cheapest deal. When choosing from TV packages in West Green, it's important to find out which networks and local channels are available in your area and whether you'll have direct access to every or Atlanta Falcons game. Fortunately, you can easily find a package that offers all the features you want when you use CableTV.com. We give you access to information about all the options available from the highest rated providers available in West Green—that way, you can get exactly what you need at the best possible price.
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Villy Custom
$ 750.00
This product is currently sold out.
With its gold accents and glittered stripes, the Pearl stands alone amongst its peers as the most pristine cruiser in the Villy line up. Making its debut riding along the beaches of Florida during the Summer of 2014, the Pearl would soon become the most sought after bike of its time.


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The data for outside the US is badly out of date. It is recommended that you do not use these databases for anywhere outside of the US.
These databases won't work for CoPilot versions previous to 3.0. If you don't have the latest version, please get it from PalmGear HQ.
Select the a geographic area to restrict your selection to. This will reduce the number of countries or states/provinces that are shown in the following selection lists. Or you can select from one or more of the checkboxes below, which will also restrict the geographic area. The checkboxes are additive, so if you select both "North West" and "South West", you'll get the entire western hemisphere.
|If you would like to donate a few bucks to help me defray the cost of getting more complete and recent data, please click on one of these donation buttons. I thank you.


text:
The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod
Contact Information:
Sínodo Luterano de México
Iglesia Betania Rio Bravo
Phone: 52-899-93-7720
Email: email@example.com
President: Rev. Isaac Guadalupe Garcia Castillo
Baptized Members: 1,211
Communicant Members:
Active Pastors:
Learn more about partner church bodies on the International Lutheran Council website.
Stay Connected! Join the LCMS Network:
Contact us online
• Church Info Center: 888-843-5267 • Staff Switchboard: 800-248-1930 • Donor Care Line: 888-930-4438
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Subscribe to the digital edition of The Lutheran Witness
© 2003 – 2010The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod.All Rights Reserved. The LCMS is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt charity. Our Tax Identification Number is: 43-0658188


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It follows confirmation last week from Vladimir Potanin that his Interros company will sink £165m into the nearby Roza Khutor ski resort at Krasnaya Polyana.
The investments emphasise the new state order which requires patriotism and obedience from Russia's tycoons if they want to avoid the fate of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the oil company owner jailed on fraud charges last year after clashing politically with President Putin. The Chelsea football club owner, Roman Abramovich, has been heavily criticised for taking his money abroad rather than backing sports at home.
It is thought the complex funded by Basic Element near Sochi will be used as the official Olympic village if Russia is successful in its bid. A company spokesman, Yuri Tyamushkin, told the Guardian it would construct a 3,000-capacity, 27-hectare (67,000-acre) settlement and a 40,000 sq metre sports palace. "It's a big risk for us because we don't know if it will be profitable," he said.
The complex will include elite kottedzhi for dignitaries as well as more "democratic" low-rise flats, a spokesman for the property developer, GVA Sawyer, told Vedomosti business daily.
Commentators believe cash injections into the Olympic attempt are a surety against attack by the Kremlin. "These are political investments rather than economic ones," said Michael Heath, an analyst at Aton brokerage in Moscow.
"Potanin has been kowtowing to Putin ever since Khodorkovsky was jailed because he thought his head would be next on the block," he added. "Deripaska is a man who pushed things to the limit in the past and needs some insurance."
Kremlin insiders largely see the huge assets snapped up in murky circumstances in the 1990s as pieces of the state that big businessmen must demonstrate good stewardship of in order to keep.
Mr Potanin, 45, who owns the Norilsk nickel mining complex in the Arctic, is a native of the Krasnodar region where Sochi is situated and a regular holiday visitor to its ski slopes. He said last week that his investment in Roza Khutor would create jobs and enable the city to transform from a summer to an all-season resort.
Sochi was a favoured destination of the Soviet elite and is famed for its subtropical climate and dramatic backdrop of snow-capped Caucasus peaks.
It was shortlisted this month by the International Olympic Committee alongside Austria's Salzburg and South Korea's Pyeongchang to host the 2014 winter games. A final choice will be made in July next year.