text:
Model 2000S mounts directly inside a wall between standard 16" studs, creating a flush, aesthetically pleasing installation.
The Floor-Standing Top model includes.
CBM Services has been providing services to the state of Florida since 1999. We are fully bonded and insured. Our commitment is to provide professional service with quality and integrity at a fair price.
815 Stockton Street
Jacksonville, FL 32204
When you think of water delivery, is there a bottle involved? Let an Authorized Dealer show you why you don't need traditional drinking water delivery services anymore. With a bottleless water dispenser, there are no more water jug delivery trucks to bring the water to your local office water coolers, you'll never have to change out heavy water jugs, and there is no more water jug storage.
Our version of office water delivery is straight from your existing building water supply, using a certified advanced filtration system to remove common impurities. If you're considering bottled water coolers, think again. Let one of our Authorized Dealers help you install, configure and support your jug-free system.


text:
... [Mackdonwald] slue his wife and children, and lastlie himself, least if he had yeelded simplie, he should have beene executed in most cruell wise for an example to other. Macbeth entering into the castell by the gates, found the carcasse of Mackdonwald lieng dead there amongst the residue of the slaine bodies, which when he beheld, remitting no peece of his cruell nature with that pitiful sight, he caused the head to be cut off, and set upon a poles end, and so sent it as a present to the king.
Captain: ... For brave Macbeth – well he
deserves that name – Disdaining Fortune, with his
brandish'd steel,
Which smok'd with bloody execution,
Like Valor's minion carv'd out his passage
Till he faced the slave;
Which nev'r shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseam'd him from the nave to th' chops,
And fix'd his head upon our battlements (I.i.15-23).
Macbeth was a man of penetrating genius, a high spirit, unbounded ambition, and, if he had possessed moderation, was worthy of any command however great; but in punishing crimes he exercised a severity, which, exceeding the bounds of the laws, appeared apt to degenerate into cruelty.
[A voice heard by the King] 'Think not Kenneth that the wicked slaughter of Malcolme Duffe by thee contrived, is kept secret from the knowledge of the eternall God: thou art he that didst conspire the innocents death ... It shall therefore come to pass, that both thou thy self, and thy issue, through the just vengeance of almightie God, shall suffer woorthie punishment' ... The King with this voice being striken into great dred and terror, passed the night without any sleep coming in his eyes. (Holinshed, 247)
At last, whether in truth an audible voice from heaven addressed him, as is reported, or whether it were the suggestion of his own guilty mind, as often happens to the wicked, in the silent watches of the night... (Buchanan, 310)
Macbeth: Methought, I heard a voice cry, 'Sleep no
Macbeth doth murther Sleep,' --the innocent Sleep,
Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care ...
Still it cried 'Sleep no more!' to all the
'Glamis hath murther'd sleep, and therefore Cawdor
Shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more!'(II.II.32-41).
How to cite this article:
Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespeare's Sources for Macbeth. Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2000. < http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sources/macbethsources.html >.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With 1.7 million freelancers, we'll match you with the perfect talent.
I am looking for work involving hand-drawing, sketches, exploration of colors, creating simple yet elegant images for books, magazines or any print materials. I believe simple hand drawings with deep, rich colors have an important place in this world of digital media. Colors make me happy and I would like to share this passion with as many people as I can. I am new in this freelance business, but I am a hard-working person, and I am good at understanding what people want and will work hard to meet their demands.Read More »


text:
2nd Parkview offers plots at Gaur Yamuna City. It provides premium residential plots with state-of-the-art infrastructure in a secured integrated township. The 2nd parkviewis right in front of the lake giving a lake facing ambience to the property buyer. It provides you the freedom to build your own dream villa in affordable and convenient manner. This locality promises you with high returns because of its location which is in the soon to become heart throb of NCR surrounded by large lush and open areas.
Plot Sizes-77.74Sq. Yd(65 Sq. Mt) Min
262 Sq.Yd. (219 Sq. Mt.) Max
|Integrated township spread over approx. 250 Acres of land
|Approx. 65% (162.5 Acres) of the integrated township has been kept open.
|Renowned architecture of RSP, Singapore
|Well landscaped township
|Individual club houses for each society.
|Swimming pool, radiant club featured with reading room, cafe, gym, sauna, Jacuzzi, billiard, TT, card table, common hall for gathering, ample amount of kids paly area.
|Facilities for hospital
|Banquet halls with guest room facility
|Play school, creche and senior secondary school facilities.
|Outdoor sports facilities like football, cricket, badminton and lawn tennis.
|Service apartments and office spaces.
|Restaurants, malls and multiplexes, Three large landscaped parks
|Rain water harvesting, Sewage Treatment Plant and Wi-Fi enabled township
|Beautifully designed gated complex
|Maintenance by facility management company
|Pre certified green township by Indian Green Building Council
Located parallel Yamuna Expressway
Opposite to Formula 1 track.
5 minute's drive away from the proposed Jewar International Airport
Eastern Peripheral Express way is going to cross at 9.5 K.M of Yamuna Yamuna Expressway.
Bird sanctuary and night safari are the upcoming highlights of the locality
Part of the 1000 Acre sport city International Cricket stadium in the vicinity
Indian Railway is also constructing a dedicated Freight Corridor which will run nearby.
India's one of the largest 765 KV electricity power stations in the proximity to provide round the clock power supply
The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC), the biggest industrial investment area of the country is going to get its node in Dadri.
Ever green trees, landscaped parks and green belt on both sides of the Yamuna Expressway are ensuring the much needed greenery in the locality.
Education hub with Gautambuddha University, Noida International University and Galgotia University. Two more upcoming universities are in the pipeline.
Township is being located with major hospitals in near surroundings
Noida is already famous for its Film City, with a future expansion on Yamuna Expressway.
|Buddha International Circuit
|2 minutes
|Eastern Peripheral Expressway
|6 minutes
|Gautam Buddha University
|10 minutes
|12 minutes
|Sector-18, Noida
|30 minutes
|35 minutes
|South Delhi
|50 minutes


text:
I hope that you have a great reason for CCW...Good Luck!
Keep us informed, I would be very surprised to see that approved...depending upon your reason, of course.
This is a discussion on Has anyone tried and received permission within the Concealed Carry Issues & Discussions forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Has anyone tried and received/been denied permission to carry concealed on Corp of Engineers property? I asked about CCW from a lake office and was ...
Has anyone tried and received/been denied permission to carry concealed on Corp of Engineers property? I asked about CCW from a lake office and was referred to a person in KC who said I could apply to the District Commander for permission. I first have to send a letter with written justification for CCW to the lake office and they will then forward it to the District Commander.
I hope that you have a great reason for CCW...Good Luck!
Keep us informed, I would be very surprised to see that approved...depending upon your reason, of course.
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
Keltec Freak
My Music: www.reverbnation.com/dickiefredericks
Does anyone know if there are codified or statutory guidance for the commander, or is it totally discretionary? Is there a definition somewhere of an acceptable reason? Or do commanders in different areas get to make different decisions?
You might use the old you might run into terrorists and if you are armed engage and annihilate them before they can carry out their mission reasoning
"Outside of the killings, Washington has one of the lowest crime rates in the country,"
--Mayor Marion Barry, Washington , DC .
When you say property do you mean land as in levies, flood plain projects, etc. or do you mean federal buildings. Federal buildings are a no no but land unless it's say a military base etc doesn't seem to fall under so much scruntiny.
It is a matter of need. I have had clearance to carry under military rules. MILCOM , now expired, at some bases in Europe but only one in the USA. It is a case by case clearance. It is probably not worth the effort unless needed or active.
If you understand, things are just as they are... If you do not understand, things are just as they are....
- Zen Saying
Please ask, and mention Heller. Get the answer in writing and send it to NRA-ILA.
As for those who say it isn't worth the effort, let me disagree unless you can't affor dthe price of postage. If we don't press for the exercise of our rights, then we will be hard-pressed when we need them. Tell me how a DOE boat ramp is safer than a county boat ramp? Not, so why would you carry at a county boat ramp? And if you don't carry on a county boat ramp, then why carry on a county road, ... see where this leads?
If I were the Commander, I'd refer it to legal and ask for a reason to deny it. I wouldn't really care if you do, but I would care that my troops have no way to sort out the approved from the unapproved and it's not my mission to get into the licensing business.
1) I wasn't aware that the Corp of Engineers had property...they monitor/manage...but the property is no different than national parks...owned by the US government.
2) I didn't realize that someone needed a "great reason" to carry. Regardless...I have no doubt the CoE have specific statutes on weapons in general.
3) It maybe a matter of not where you are carrying, but who you work for while carrying...
Most Army Corps of Engineers land out West, is managed by the BLM and as such falls under the same rules as BLM.
Someone correct me if I am wrong, but from what I have read you can not carry concealed or otherwise on corp property. I will have to find where I read that, but what I read basically says you cant not carry a firearm on corp property unless it is for hunting purposes or target practice at an approved range. I live close to Lake Texoma, and since it is a corp lake I take it that pretty much anywhere around the lake is off limits since the corp "manages" the property all the way around the lake.
There is a lot of public hunting land where I live and at all the entrances they have posted "no target practicing" signs, so I assume that limits any firearms at that point to hunting purposes only.
There are a lot of other outdoor activities that a person can enjoy on these lands, and I personally would still like to be able to protect myself should the need arrise.
Again, anyone feel free to correct me if I am wrong on this, and I personally would join any effort to get an answer/permission to carry on corp land.


text:
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text:
downtownadjective [ before noun ], adverbuk /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ us /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ US UK central, centrally
A2 in or to the central part of a city:
downtown Los Angeles
a downtown address
Más ejemplos
- The regeneration of the city's downtown dock front will put it on a par with Nice or Cannes.
- He works in an office tower in downtown San Francisco.
- Vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown shopping district.
- I've got a meeting downtown in 20 minutes so I'll have lunch on the hoof.
- We bought a tourist guide to downtown Seattle before we left.
Thesaurus: sinónimos y palabras relacionadas


text:
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A tropical exotic blend that nourishes, hydrates, and helps moisturize and enrich hair for a shiny, silky, and frizz-free finish.
This easy to use, revolutionary, at-home salon treatment eliminates up to 95 percent of frizz and curl and cuts blow drying time by 75 percent for up to 30 glorious days*. Organix Ever Straight Brazilian Keratin Therapy 30 Day Smoothing Treatment is an exclusive, high potency, keratin complex that penetrates the cuticle with keratin proteins along with rich organic coconut oil and avocado oils to...
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Moroccan argan oil penetrates the hair shaft to restore shine and softness while strengthening. This renewing formula is free of sulfates and parabens, and is safe for color-treated hair.
Organix Renewing Moroccan Argan Oil Penetrating Oil fights frizz, and strengthens and moisturizes dry, brittle hair.
Indulge your senses with this exclusive blend of organic coconut milk to nourish your hair, while ultra whipped egg white proteins add strength and elasticity, along with weightless coconut oils to add hydration and balance.
A moisturizing and lavish cream which instantly penetrates the hair shaft with exotic pure Moroccan argan oil to revive and define curls, smoothing away frizz and fly-a-ways, while creating soft, seductive, silky perfection. This exotic precious blend of Moroccan argan oil renews curls, creating soft frizz-free perfection while protecting your hair from harmful styling heat and UV damage as it...
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text:
March 21, 2011
The NComputing solution takes advantage of the fact that today's PCs are so powerful that the vast majority of users only need a small fraction of the computing capacity. NComputing taps this unused capacity so that it can be simultaneously shared by many users. Each user's monitor, keyboard, and mouse are connected to a small and highly reliable NComputing access device, which is then connected to the shared PC. NComputing's award-winning vSpaceTM desktop virtualization software provides each user with a rich multimedia computing experience and their own computing session.
Our customers range from the smallest villages to the largest enterprises. Our products are installed in metal shacks in emerging markets and metal racks in datacenters. We offer solutions for Education, Small and Medium Business, Government and Enterprise. Never before has a single technology connected so many people at such a low cost.
We can't live without PCs, but we need to learn how to live with them: they consume too much electricity and generate too much e-waste. A typical PC takes 110 watts to run, and there are almost a billion of them on the planet. And according to the Silicon Valley Toxics Commission, e-waste is the fastest growing part of the waste stream.Read More
Companies around the world have embraced green technology to drive projects and develop products aimed at boosting energy efficiency, trimming waste, and reducing or eliminating the use or the production of harmful substances. The InfoWorld Green 15 awards recognize the 15 most innovative IT initiatives that fall under this umbrella of sustainability. The government of Andhra Pradesh, India won for its deployment of 40,000 NComputing devices to serve 1.8 million students in 5,000 schools across the state. Read More


text:
Submit News
Walmart Jumps on gOS Bandwagon: Here Comes "Rocket"
Jason Mick
January 8, 2008 11:59 AM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
gOS "Rocket" brings many familiar features to the table, and some new ones
Look out
Windows Vista
hot-selling Mac OS X Leopard
-- a new OS is in town. A new Linux distribution, gOS, produced by Good OS LLC and based on a Ubuntu 7.10 version,
hit the market yesterday
when it was announced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas.
The new OS has minimalistic system requirements of only 3 GB of space (of which the system itself uses less than 2 GB of), 128 MB of RAM, and a 400 MHz processor. Recommended stats for a decently fast system are around 256 MB of RAM, a 1 GHz Pentium III.
is gOS's major corporate backer. Walmart carried Good OS-produced laptop Everex gPC with the previous version of gOS since November. The bargain laptop carries a highly attractive price tag of $199, which makes it a viable EeePC alternative. Good OS also offer several other g-line laptop models, available directly or from online retailers, including some slightly pricier models.
Good OS announced that it will refresh its entire laptop line in early 2008.
Good OS brings both old and new features to the table with the gOS. The OS has a dock, which bears a bit of an uncanny resemblance to
Apple's OS X
dock, and is ironically dubbed the iBar. The OS also offers an online storage drive via Box.net.
is heavily represented in the OS and contributed a number of applications and utilities that enrich it. Google Reader, Talk, and Finance shortcuts are provided on the desktop. The device also utilizes "Google Gears" a new synchronization technology from Google that allows web applications to be used when offline. Google also contributes an attractive search bar to the OS.
Simultaneous with the "Rocket" launch, Good OS released a new gOS compatible web camera dubbed gCam. The device integrates with a built in web app from Good OS called gBooth. The web cam includes special effects and gBooth allows it to be used to easily share photos online, on sites such as Facebook. The gCam is manufactured by Good OS partner, Ezonics.
The gOS is available online immediately for
free download
, while the gCam is expected to retail at about $20.
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text:
Nikki Haley Slams Obama's Economic Policies In Republican Response To SOTU
'We must not let in refugees whose intentions cannot be determined'
Coulter: Trump Should Deport Nikki Haley
Conservative author not happy with State of the Union response
Obama Touts Costly Wind Power As Energy Of The Future
Wind power gets 69 times more in subsidies than coal, oil, and natural gas
Presidential Candidates Tweet Reactions To The State Of The Union, Some Are Funny
Paul yelled 'You lie!' Trump was bored.
Hours After Iran Takes US Sailors, Obama Boasts 'No Nation Dares To Attack Us'
'They know that's the path to ruin'
Final State Of The Union Touches On Minimum Wage
'Equal pay for equal work, paid leave, raising the minimum wage'
Did Obama Just Promise To Raise Energy Prices?
'Accelerate the transition away from dirty energy'
Obama Puts Joe Biden In Charge Of Curing Cancer
'I'm putting Joe in charge of Mission Control'
Obama: America's Standing In The World Has Improved With Me In Office
'People of the world do not look to Beijing or Moscow to lead – they call us.'
Obama: 'Both Al Qaida And Now ISIL Pose A Direct Threat To Our People'
'Over-the-top claims that this is World War III' plays into ISIS's hand
Obama's SOTU: 'Anyone Claiming That America's Economy Is In Decline Is Peddling Fiction'
'Offend our uniquely American belief that everybody who works hard should get a fair shot.'
SOTU Invitees Reveal The State Of American Politics
Members of both parties invited guests that align with their policy goals
Spend Obama's Last State Of The Union Playing TheDC's SOTU Drinking Game!
This drinking game is not for the faint of heart
What The Experts Are Saying On Iran's Taking Of Two Navy Ships
Meanwhile, Kerry tweets about cheese.
American Treasure Jim Harbaugh Will Be In Attendance For The SOTU
At least there will be one winner in the room.
McConnell Invites Former Kentucky Miner To Obama's SOTU Address
'The president's war on coal has devastated coal country'
Kim Davis To Attend State Of The Union
'For seven years, people of faith have been in the crosshairs of the Obama Administration.'
Meet The Refugees, Immigrants Michelle Obama Did Not Invite To SOTU
Invitations unlikely due to incarceration/death
Cruz: 'Nancy Pelosi, Chuck Schumer And Harry Reid Are Exactly Right'
'All of them said publicly that Republican leadership just funded our entire agenda.'
SC Gov. Nikki Haley Tapped To Deliver GOP State Of The Union Response
'Nikki Haley has led an economic turnaround and set a bold agenda for her state'


text:
When General Motors showed the Aztek as a concept vehicle, there were nods of approval from the discerning crowd at the 1999 Detroit auto show. But they turned to frowns of dismay when the production version bowed in mid 2000 with its radical styling. Most criticism centered on the heavy use of cladding and an unconventional back end sporting a hatch some felt verged on hideous. The result: the Aztek became the butt of automotive jokes, a modern 5-letter replacement for Edsel. While it ...
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text:
I have found a free software download which is particularly useful. It is called "Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition". I am sure many people are familiar with the Mozilla Firefox browser. The portable edition is simply just that. You install it on your memory stick and have a browser with all your favourite sites, passwords, etc which you can carry around with you. Very handy if you travel a lot, go on holiday or just visiting freinds.
Here is the link.
It takes up about 30Mb of memory.
Another nice free bit of software is a screensaver from Magnetic. There are lots of free wallpapers (some incredible photos by the way) and screensavers. One I particularly like displays your personal photos by throwing a handful of them on the desktop.
The link is..
I have been using these for some time now and had no problems with the software, popups, spam, etc.
Portable Browser
Started by donmac, Jun 07 2007 09:42 AM
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text:
Rodney King Dead at 47
Rodney King, the man videotaped being beaten by LAPD officers in 1991, has died today. He was 47.
10 Great Holiday Moments With 'The Simpsons' [IMAGES, VIDEOS]
America's First Dysfunctional Family has the biggest affection for Halloween, since it happens during sweeps. But it also has taken on the most wonderful time of the year more than once, so we thought we'd present a few fun 'Simpsons' GIFs and videos to celebrate the season. Or at least be honest about it. (WARNING: Animated holiday merriment below.)
10 Awesome Snowman Creations
It's the most wonderful time of the year, when snowflakes fall from the sky, collect on the ground… and then get turned into profound works of art. (Or video game characters.) Here are the ten most awesome snowmen we found on the internet.
10 Awesomely Creative Thanksgiving Centerpieces
Thanksgiving is just around the corner and that means the family is coming for Thanksgiving dinner. Or maybe you are going to their house. Check out 10 creative centerpieces that you can create for your your family's table.


text:
Unprovoked Status Epilepticus: The Prognosis for Otherwise Normal Children With Focal Epilepsy
OBJECTIVE: To document the effect of unprovoked status epilepticus (SE) on the prognosis for otherwise normal children with focal epilepsy.
METHODS: From the Nova Scotia Childhood Epilepsy Study (population-based), we identified patients with focal epilepsy, normal intelligence, and neurologic examination and follow-up ≥10 years. We compared those with and without unprovoked SE.
RESULTS: One hundred eighty-eight cases had a mean follow-up of 27 ± 5 years with no deaths from SE. Thirty-nine (20%) had SE, 19 of whom experienced their first seizure. The number of episodes of SE was 1 in 27 patients (69%) and 2 to 10 in 12 patients. At onset 9 of 39 (23%) SE patients and 35 of 149 (23%) no-SE patients had specific learning disorders. At follow-up, 11 (28%) SE and 49 (33%) no-SE patients had learning disorders (P = not statistically different [ns]). Grades repeated, high school graduation, and advanced education did not differ. The number of antiepileptic drug (AED) used throughout the clinical course was the same: 22/39 (56%). SE patients used ≤2 AEDs versus 99 of 149 (64%) no-SE patients (P = .2). The distribution of patients using 3 to 11 AEDs was similar. The remission rate (seizure-free without AEDs at the end of follow-up) for SE patients was 24 of 39 (61%) versus 99 of 149 (66%) in no-SE (P = .5). Intractable epilepsy occurred in 15% SE and 11% of no-SE cases.
CONCLUSIONS: SE often recurs but apparently has little influence on long-term intellectual and seizure outcome in normally intelligent children with focal epilepsy.
- antiepileptic drug
- ns —
- not statistically different
- status epilepticus
What's Known on This Subject:
The outcome of status epilepticus in children depends on the etiology. In otherwise normal children who have ≥1 episodes of unprovoked status epilepticus as part of the evolution of their epilepsy, the seizure and intellectual outcome is unclear.
What This Study Adds:
Based on population-based data and 20 to 30 years' follow-up of normal children with focal epilepsy, one-third with status epilepticus had recurrence of status. Reassuringly, intelligence, seizure control, and rate of remission were not altered compared with those without status epilepticus.
There is an abundant literature that documents the adverse effects of convulsive status epilepticus (SE),1–3 although clinical evidence indicates that most children with an episode of SE recover unchanged after an episode of treated SE.4,5 SE is considered to be a medical emergency with a quick response deemed critical, even though the cause of the SE is by far the most important predictor of outcome.6,7 Acute symptomatic SE from disorders such as encephalitis or head injury is often followed by serious, permanent neurologic deficits. Children with epilepsy may have unprovoked SE. In a sense, the SE is just a long one of their seizures. It is less certain how much influence SE has on the clinical outcome in these children because of the confounding effects of different epilepsy syndromes and degrees of preexisting neurologic comorbidities.6 However, in our experience, parents are typically extremely upset because convulsive SE treatment in a child with epilepsy implies ambulance transport and emergency care. After the SE has stopped, there are 4 main issues regarding prognosis: the recurrence risk, the possibility of brain injury from the SE, the risk of less successful seizure control, and the influence of SE on long-term remission.
In this article, we have attempted to answer these issues about prognosis with data from the Nova Scotia Childhood Epilepsy population-based cohort. For clarity, we have elected to study the largest, easily recognized group children with epilepsy: otherwise normal children with focal epilepsy.8 Our study is restricted to convulsive SE.
Cases of SE were selected from the Nova Scotia Childhood Epilepsy population-based cohort.9 SE was defined in the conventional way: >30 minutes of unconsciousness with a continuous convulsive seizure or repeated shorter convulsive seizures without return of consciousness between seizures for >30 minutes.6,10 Consciousness was determined by parents and physicians in the clinical setting and was without a rigorous definition. All of the episodes of SE were unprovoked, and none were acute symptomatic or febrile.
The methodology for the Nova Scotia Childhood Epilepsy population-based cohort has been described in several previous articles.9,11,12 In Nova Scotia, physicians reported that they always request an EEG when a child presents to the health care system with an unexplained seizure. Therefore, the initial case finding method was clinical reports from a central EEG reading facility for the Province of Nova Scotia. Medical records were then reviewed, and nearly every child had been seen by a pediatric neurologist. When there was doubt about the diagnosis, we contacted the family directly for more details. In this fashion, we were able to identify all children with newly diagnosed epilepsy (≥2 unprovoked seizures) in Nova Scotia between 1977 and 1985. We have had intermittent contact with these families and patients since that time. In 2009–2011, we recontacted patients and often their parents to gather data for this article.
Eligible patients were 1 month to 16 years of age at the time of their second unprovoked seizure and residents of Nova Scotia for at least the first 2 seizures. SE could have occurred as the first unprovoked seizure or at any time in the subsequent course. For this study, all patients experienced only focal seizures (includes focal with secondary generalization) through their entire clinical course. Patients were included if their overall intelligence was judged to be normal and their neurologic examination did not reveal any problems sufficient to interfere with activities of daily living. Follow-up had to be at least 10 years from the date of their first seizure.
Patients were excluded if they had generalized seizure types or mental handicap. Specific learning disorders with preserved overall intelligence (IQ >70) were permitted. More than 90% of those with specific learning disorders had this impression confirmed with standard psychometric testing. A wide variety of psychometric testing was carried out at many ages by different psychologists, particularly in the school system and less often by tertiary-level neuropsychologists. Therefore, we have not provided details.
Data were analyzed by using that statistical package SPSS version 15.0. χ2 was used for nonparametric comparisons and t tests for parametric data with 1-tailed tests on the grounds that it is unlikely that SE improves outcome. Statistical significance was defined as P ≤ .05.
In the overall cohort, 254 patients were potentially eligible for study; however, 66 had a follow-up <10 years and were excluded. The remaining 188 (74%) met all of the eligibility criteria and had a follow-up of >10 years and are the subjects for this report. There were 107 male and 81 female patients with an average follow-up of 27.8 ± 5 (SD) years. For all cases, we reviewed the medical records. Additional information came from the patient only (21%), a parent only (8%), the patient plus a parent (62%), other sources such as spouse (4%), and chart only (13%). One patient in the original cohort died of SE, but his death occurred only 14 months after the onset of epilepsy, and therefore, he was not eligible for this study. There were no additional deaths from SE.
There were 39 eligible patients with SE (17 male and 22 female patients) and 149 without SE. SE occurred for the first time at an average age of 112 ± 93 months (range 4–340) and was the first seizure in 20 (51%) patients. For those with SE that was not at onset, the interval from onset of epilepsy to SE averaged 71 months (range 2–212 months). All patients came to a hospital emergency department for treatment of their SE, although in many, the SE was over by the time of assessment. All 20 patients with SE as their first seizure were hospitalized. When SE occurred later in the clinical course, 15 of 19 were hospitalized. Nearly all patients were treated with benzodiazepines, some received intravenous phenytoin or phenobarbital. No patient had refractory SE status to the point of requiring anesthesia or barbiturate coma.
Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics for the SE and non-SE groups and details of their seizure and intellectual outcome. Using all of the information available through the clinical course, the cause of epilepsy remained unknown in 53% of those with SE and 68% in those without SE (P = .2).
Number of Episodes of SE
Overall, 27 (69%) had a single episode of SE and 12 (31%) had more: 7 had 2 episodes of SE, 3 had between 3 and 5, and 2 had 10. Four of the 20 (20%) with SE as their first seizure had ≥1 recurrence of SE as did 8 of the 19 (50%) with a first episode of SE occurring later in the course of their epilepsy (P = .25).
Brain Injury
Details of cognitive function are shown in Table 2. Based on our inclusion criteria, all patients were judged to be of normal intelligence at seizure onset. Between the onset and the end of follow-up, no patient developed mental retardation or neurologic deficits sufficient to interfere with activities of daily living. At onset, the proportion diagnosed with a specific learning disorder was 23% in both the SE and non-SE groups (formal psychometric testing unavailable in only 1 case). By the end of follow-up, learning disorder was noted in 28% of the SE group and 33% of the non-SE group (P = ns). Rates of repeated school grades, special schooling arrangements, high school graduation, and technical/community college and university graduation were the same in both groups. Earned income at the end of follow-up (a possible reflection of cognitive abilities) was the same in both groups.
Seizure Control
The course of epilepsy was similar in the SE and non-SE groups (Table 1). Fifty-one percent of those with SE had complex partial seizures compared with 52% without SE. Forty-three percent of patients with SE and complex partial seizures had 21 to >100 partial complex seizures through their clinical course compared with 42% in the non-SE group. All 39 in the SE group had at least 1 secondarily generalized convulsion compared with 105 (67%) in the non-SE group (P = .002). Forty-one percent of the SE group had ≥21 secondary generalized convulsions compared with 31% of those in the non-SE group who had secondary generalized convulsions (P = ns).
The number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used by the SE and non-SE groups throughout their clinical course was similar (Table 1). In the SE group, 56% used only 1 or 2 AEDs through the clinical course compared with 64% in the non-SE group (P = ns). At end of follow-up 27, no longer received AED treatment, 8 received monotherapy, and 4 received 2 AEDs.
The average longest time seizure-free through the entire clinical course was also similar between the 2 groups (SE 17 ± 10.5 years and non-SE 19.4 ± 10.3 years). Table 1 shows that during this period of seizure-freedom the average time with and without AED treatment did not differ between the groups.
During follow-up, epilepsy surgery was undertaken in 3 (8%) of the SE group and 9 (6%) of those without SE. At the end of follow-up, the proportion of patients with intractable epilepsy (a seizure at least every 3 months and trials of ≥3 AEDs at maximum tolerated dose) was the same in both groups: 6 of 39 (15%) in the SE group versus 17 of 149 (11% in the non-SE group).9
Long-term Remission
Remission was defined as seizure-free and no longer receiving AEDs. At the end of follow-up, 24 (61%) of the SE group and 99 (66%) of the non-SE group were in remission (P = ns). The length of terminal remission after successfully discontinuing AED treatment was 13.5 ± 15.3 years in the SE group and 16 ± 10.4 years in those without SE (P = ns).
Because there is concern that SE in children <2 years of age may have a more sinister outcome, we selected children with epilepsy onset ≤2 years for additional analysis. There were only 3 patients with an episode of SE before age 2 years (4, 14, and 16 months). None of these patients had recurrent SE, and their intellectual and seizure outcomes were similar to those whose seizure onset was at ≤2 years but never had an episode SE.
For otherwise normal children with epilepsy characterized by focal seizures, ≥1 episodes of convulsive SE did not have a significant effect on their long-term seizure or intellectual outcome compared with those without status. Those with SE were more likely to have at least 1 secondarily generalized seizure. However, large numbers of this seizure type were the same in both groups. Our patients should be clearly distinguished from those with acute symptomatic SE in which the etiology is the major determinant of the outcome.6,7 We do not have data about what might have precipitated SE in our patients, such as sleep deprivation or poor medication adherence.
Others have noted that SE in children with epilepsy has a recurrence risk of ∼10% to 20%.6,13 The effect of these episodes of SE on seizure outcome has generally been noted to be minor. A careful systematic review of the literature suggested that "The effect of an episode of convulsive SE on the course of epilepsy is unclear."6 Details of the effect of SE on intellectual outcome in otherwise normal patients with focal epilepsy have not been extensively reported. A well-known population-based Finnish epilepsy cohort followed for many years only included 11 patients with SE and no other neurologic problems.13 These 11 children had similar educational outcomes to those without SE. Most previous studies have either focused on SE as a first seizure and the risk of subsequent epilepsy or the influence of SE in children with epilepsy.13–16 Unprovoked SE as a first seizure does not increase the risk of recurrent seizures (epilepsy) more than a short first seizure.14,15 In a study of children in Connecticut who had developed a wide spectrum of epilepsy syndromes and then an episode of SE, there was a slight increase in the risk of intractability.16 Our study is of similar size but focused on a more homogenous group of children with epilepsy (otherwise normal with focal seizures). Even with a longer follow-up, we did not find an increase in intractable epilepsy after SE.
Our findings should not encourage a lackadaisical approach to the treatment of SE as the first seizure or in children with established epilepsy. Because of indisputable reports of children who have suffered irreversible brain damage from long SE, we continue to encourage prompt treatment to stop long seizures, particularly convulsive seizures. All of our patients had their episode of SE in the context of a health care system that permitted prompt access to emergency care in an era when the use of parenteral or rectal benzodiazepines was the norm. We were not able to document the total length of SE for most of our patients, although in all cases, we judged that the seizure duration was at least 30 minutes. Even when the medical record suggested a precise length of seizure, we suspect that there would be many errors. In our clinical experience, the exact time of the onset is often unclear, and the exact time when the seizure stopped is often difficult to determine unless there is simultaneous EEG recording. This clinical reality limits all studies that might attempt to compare the length of SE with the outcome. Nonetheless, SE lasting several hours appears more likely to injury the brain than shorter SE.17
Our study was limited to children without intellectual or neurologic deficit before their first seizure. Psychometric testing was administered at various ages with various tests. Other measures of academic outcome such as grades repeated, requirement for special schooling arrangements, postsecondary education, and eventual employment were not associated with SE, making it unlikely that we underestimated the rates of specific learning disorder in the status group. All children had focal epilepsy, although only 13.3% had a recognized benign focal epilepsy syndrome. Because MRI was not available at the time that our cohort was assembled, we do not know how many of our patients had an identifiable brain lesion to explain the cause of their epilepsy. Based on CT scanning (available in 86% of our cases) and clinical information (obtained throughout follow-up), ∼60% had no identifiable cause found for their epilepsy. These patients would fall in the broad category of cryptogenic partial epilepsy,18 although the term cryptogenic has recently been discouraged.19 In the 2010 proposed epilepsy classification scheme, they would be identified as focal epilepsy, cause unknown with the additional features of normal intelligence and neurologic examination.19 We hope that the group of patients who we have studied are easily recognized. It may be incorrect to extend our findings to other epilepsy syndromes or categories of epilepsy.
The number of cases of SE in our study was relatively modest so that rare poor outcomes cannot be excluded. We limited our cases to children without global intellectual deficits before their first seizure. There have been few studies of patients who have had psychometric testing before and after seizures or SE. The National Collaborative Perinatal Project study did report standard psychometric testing in a prospective study of >50 000 newborns followed to age 7 years.20 There were 62 patients without previous seizures when they underwent psychometric testing at age 4 years. Between age 4 and 7 years, they had ≥1 unprovoked seizures, although it is unclear how many seizures they had or how severe they were and if any constituted SE.21 Psychometric testing was repeated at age 7 years. The results at age 4 and 7 were identical. Dodrill described adults with chronic epilepsy who had pre- and post-SE psychometric testing.22 He did recognize some new deficits, but the findings were subtle, and it is not clear how many other nonstatus seizures these patients had between their psychometric assessments. Roy et al reported neuropsychological testing in a highly selected group of infants who had a prolonged febrile seizure. They were found to have some problems with executive functioning compared with a small number of controls. Unfortunately, there was no preseizure testing, and therefore it is not possible to attribute a cause-and-effect relationship between the febrile status epilepticus.23
We conclude that the prognosis for otherwise normal children with focal epilepsy is apparently not significantly altered by unprovoked SE. The risk of recurrence of SE appears to be ∼30%. Significant brain injury is unlikely in a geographic setting with good access to prompt treatment of SE. The clinical course (ease of seizure control and risk of intractable epilepsy) and chance of remission are unchanged. The overall message to parents and caretakers about SE should be one of reassurance.
- Accepted May 14, 2012.
- Address correspondence to Peter Camfield, MD, and Carol Camfield, MD, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3K 6R8. E-mail: camfield{at}dal.ca
Both authors have been involved in every stage of the research (study idea and theme, study design, data acquisition, data analysis, and data interpretation). We have both worked on the drafting of the article and its revisions and have approved the version to be published. There are no further investigators who have had a significant role in this study.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
FUNDING: No external funding.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Maytal J,
- Shinnar S,
- Moshé SL,
- Alvarez LA
- ↵
- Freeman JM
- ↵
- Raspall-Chaure M,
- Chin RF,
- Neville BG,
- Scott RC
- ↵
- ↵
- Wirrell EC,
- Grossardt BR,
- Wong-Kisiel LC,
- Nickels KC
- ↵
- Camfield CS,
- Camfield PR,
- Gordon KE,
- Dooley JM,
- Smith BS
- ↵
- Riviello JJ Jr,
- Ashwal S,
- Hirtz D,
- et al.,
- American Academy of Neurology Subcommittee,
- Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society
- ↵
- ↵
- Camfield CS,
- Camfield PR
- ↵
- Sillanpää M,
- Shinnar S
- ↵
- Shinnar S,
- Berg AT,
- Moshe SL,
- et al
- ↵
- Berg AT,
- Shinnar S
- ↵
- Berg AT,
- Shinnar S,
- Testa FM,
- et al
- ↵
- Eriksson KJ,
- Koivikko MJ
- ↵
- Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy
- ↵
- Berg AT,
- Berkovic SF,
- Brodie MJ,
- et al
- ↵
- Ellenberg JH,
- Hirtz DG,
- Nelson KB
- ↵
- Holmes GL
- ↵
- Dodrill CB,
- Wilensky AJ
- ↵
- Roy H,
- Lippé S,
- Lussier F,
- et al
- Copyright © 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics


text:
" I just hope he grows up and sues the assholes for fucking up his head. I agree that it's a form of child abuse or exploitation. A society that didn't have its head up its ass for Jeebus would treat it as such."
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Trish Duncan has not received any gifts yet
Hi Trish, glad that you joined us.
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Hello & welcome :)
Welcome to Atheist Nexus and the busy group "Origins".
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text:
Two shows in Brighton in two nights. I'll do the first one, then go to my parents' place in Hastings, then back to Brighton for the second show, then back home to London after the second show. I don't have satnav - I use the routes you can print off from the AA's website. So for a couple of days like this, I'm stuffing my bag with a sheaf of routes: London to Brighton, Brighton to Hastings, Hastings to Brighton, and Brighton to London. This is logistics.
Of course none of these routes is tricky in itself. The drive from London to Brighton and back is pretty straightforward. If you've ever seen the film Genevieve, you'll know how entirely devoid of dramatic events that particular jaunt can be. But it's an essential part of the stand-up's daily task of being your own tour manager, and tour-bus driver.
The shows are late-ish, so I don't need to leave home until after 6pm, so that's £8 congestion charge I won't have to pay. Some of these comedy festivals can be fairly sparsely attended, so economies like that could be the difference between profit and loss in the final reckoning.
The shows are part of the Brighton Comedy Fringe. The woman who runs it met me in Edinburgh, and booked me to do two repeat performances of my Edinburgh show. It's always nice to add another festival to the tally (Edinburgh, Vancouver, Glastonbury, York, Leicester, London, and probably some others I've forgotten). It's my first rerun of the full-length Edinburgh show, so I'm slightly concerned about whether I'll still remember it all.
I'm also concerned about whether anyone will turn up. The woman who runs the Brighton Fringe - Nicky - assured me that it is terribly professionally done, and that they do loads of marketing. But I'd have to admit, when it comes to the credentials of the Brighton Comedy Fringe, I haven't exactly done due diligence. It could be someone's front room and a couple of foldaway chairs for all I know.
I arrive at the venue, and the signs are good. Literally - the venue has some quite good signs, and they're all about the Fringe shows. Nicky meets me and tells me that we're not actually going to be using the originally planned venue - some little local diplomatic difficulty - we're going to one just round the corner. It's close enough that when punters turn up to venue A, they can be easily walked down to venue B, and that a qualified walker has been deputed for the task.
Venue B is great. It is small, which suits me fine. More chance of filling the place - twice. And as it turns out, the turnouts are very good. As is my recall of the script. The first night I forget just one joke in the hour. The second night is predictably slicker, and even features the missing joke. The performances, and the houses, are better than I was expecting.
I am satisfied with a couple of days' work well done as I reach for my final AA printout, the Brighton to London leg (the equivalent part of Genevieve is the bit where Dinah Sheridan drops an egg sandwich, if memory serves). I'm pulling out of my parking space and onto the A23 when something in my car makes a noisy crunch, and the engine is suddenly ten times louder. I pull over into a bus stop, having successfully completed the first twenty yards of the journey home. In the words of the Chinese proverb, "even the longest journey starts with the exhaust falling off."
I got home in the end, as usual with the help of the AA. Though their help was rather more hands-on than I'd originally planned.


text:
God does not love America. If that offends you, you have a problem. God does not love Israel. Israel as a nation is a construct of the Truman Administration and some legal wrangling within the United Nations. I know we have been taught — truly indoctrinated — to think otherwise. I get it. It's a hard [Read More…]
God Does Not Love America
Nora Ephron: God's Side-Kick
Nora Ephron has died, and with her at his right hand, God will surely get some much-deserved comic relief. Ephron was endearingly funny. If you are a female over 40 and have not yet read Ephron's book I feel bad about my neck you need to rush out today and get a copy. Nora's musings [Read More…]
I was raised up in the South, home of the One True Church of the Heterosexual God. The Southern Baptist Church. From the time I was saved I believed all other churches fell short of the Glory of God. I'm not exactly sure why I believed that. Maybe it's because of the way the Baptist poked [Read More…]


text:
In this week's podcast: We are mostly in the UK this week – first we look at estimates for shale gas, then we ask the question, who is going to pay for the £200bn needed to upgrade the ageing energy infrastructure, and then we consider the prospect of onshore oil and gas with Anthony Lobo, head of UK oil and gas at KPMG. We end the show in France with Total and we ask Anish Kapadia, director and senior research analyst at Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Co, what we should expect from an investors meeting coming up on Monday.
Presented by Sylvia Pfeifer with David Blair.
Produced by LJ Filotrani


text:
Submitted to: World Congress International Society for Fat Research
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 9/12/1997
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: We are investigating bioconversions of unsaturated fatty acids to value-added products. One such product is hydroxy fatty acids. Four microbial systems have been identified and studied. (1) Production of 10-hydroxystearic acid from oleic acid by resting cell suspension of Nocardia cholesterolicum with 90% yield. (2) Production of 10 ketostearic acid from oleic acid by Flavobacterium sp. DS5 at 85% yield. This hydratase system also converts linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid at 55% yield. Products from alpha & gamma-linolenic acids were identified as 10 hydroxy 12(Z),15(Z) and 10 hydroxy 6(Z),12(Z) octadecenoic acids, respectively. (3) Production of 7,10 dihydroxy 8(E) octadecenoic acid via 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 with greater than 60% yield. (4) Production of a new compound, 12,13,17 trihydroxy 9(Z) octadecenoic acid from lenoleic acid by Clavibacterium sp. ALA2. The structure of this compound resembles that of "plant defense substances" produced by plants.


text:
RSS Feeds Get Google's Attention
We've long suspected that Google pays attention to RSS Feeds and a recent post on their Webmaster Central blog confirms they have a feature that uses feeds for the discovery of new webpages.
"Using feeds for discovery allows us to get these new pages into our index more quickly than traditional crawling methods. We may use many potential sources to access updates from feeds including Reader, notification services, or direct crawls of feeds."
If you do not yet have your news content in RSS Feeds it should be top of your list of action items for 2010. In fact, get them set up now and be ready for the new year.
The blog post also has advice on how the feeds and the site are programmed: In order for us to use your RSS/Atom feeds for discovery, it's important that crawling these files is not disallowed by your robots.txt. To find out if Googlebot can crawl your feeds and find your pages as fast as possible, test your feed URLs with the robots.txt tester in Google Webmaster Tools.
We've seen many a feed incorrectly programmed, so make sure your webmaster or IT department is up to speed on the latest RSS technology. Not only should the feed be crawlable it should also be immediately visible to search engines and your site visitors. If they don't see the feed on your site it can't be used to get you faster indexing.
All feed content should be optimized for search and the feed should automatically notify the major feed aggregators when new content is entered. (Notification services is one way Google finds your feeds.)
If you have audio and video content, the feed has to have specific tags added so that your multimedia content gets indexed not only by search engines, but also by sites like iTunes.
Need help with your feeds? Give Ryan a call on 626 793 4911.
Image Credit: Derek Kwa/Flickr
posted in RSS Search Visibility, RSS Submission | 0 Comments


text:
Hello everyone,
My name is Jeremy and I just purchased the x theme for a new blog I want to start. And right of the bat I have a problem. How do I access the shortcodes for the x theme? I thought the plugin was automatically installed with the theme but it's not there. Anyone know what happened and how I can fix it.
Also setting up the woocommerce is troubling. Is that supposed to be an automatically installed plugin as well?
Thanks in advance
Jeremy McCourt
Heya Jeremy Have you tired clicking on that item's support tab? http://themeforest.net/item/x-the-ultimate-wordpress-theme/5871901/support All the details are there on how to get some installation instruction etc. Thanks!
They responded to my email and provided the answers. Now I have encountered a new problem! I am not able to change the background through the theme customization. I cant seem to change the color or add a background image. Any idea why this could be?


text:
Unison File Synchronizer - Static ARM Binary
UPDATE (2013-04-19): I've uploaded an additional static binary, compiled to native ARM code. It has been created using the ocamlopt compiler from the Debian wheezy repository. Binary size is about half of the compiled bytecode, but the performance boost is not as significant as expected. Both binaries seem to run fine on a Synology DS112+.
Please feel free to download my statically compiled unison binary for the ARM (armel) platform.
To compile it, I've been using qemu and a Debian squeeze ARM image from here:
Downloaded the unison source package from
Then compiled the files within the qemu ARM environment:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get build-dep unison
tar -xvzf unison-2.40.102.tar.gz
cd unison-2.40.102
make UISTYLE=text NATIVE=false STATIC=true
It might fail with an error, but the unison binary should have been build successfully already.
It's running properly so far, on an old Buffalo LinkStation Live (v1), Firmware 1.12.
I found some information about building the static binary here (patching not needed for 2.40.102):
More binaries can be found on the Unison page of Alan Schmitt: http://alan.petitepomme.net/unison/
Unison project page: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/index.html
Matt B (not verified)
Thu, 02/06/2014 - 18:41
Rich W (not verified)
Thu, 03/13/2014 - 23:38
thanks here too
Worked fine on my ZyXel NSA320.
0ricman (France) (not verified)
Tue, 04/08/2014 - 16:46
good well installed on Synology DS411j (twice) and DS413j
for DSM 4.3 and DSM 5.0, re-install IPKG
for a Rsync Standard and not use Rsync Synology version,
use version .bin and install to /usr/bin or /bin
and change chmod for root user with MC by SSH Putty (Terminal)
create data and change default.pfr (tutorial wiki very easy)
Use Unison into installed each machine for synchronisation absolutly !!
(not same for Rsync)
Not necessary for xchange certificats just password at the starting
with NAS to NAS by LAN (IP)
Testing very very necessary before copying files (very dangerous !!)
Thanks for the makers programmers
(sorry for my bad english)
Best Gay webcam... (not verified)
Thu, 02/02/2017 - 22:28
Add new comment | Crutzi's Site
Wow, awesome blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?
you made blogging look easy. The overall look of
your web site is great, let alone the content!
David M (not verified)
Mon, 08/04/2014 - 22:36
Sat, 03/25/2017 - 20:49
Add new comment | Crutzi's Site
I must say you have very interesting articles here.
Your website should go viral. You need initial boost only.
How to get it? Search for; Miftolo's tools go viral
Oriol V (not verified)
Sun, 09/07/2014 - 12:12
Works on Synology ds214se
The executable from "unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip" is working on my Synology ds214se.
Thanks a lot!
Peter (not verified)
Sat, 09/13/2014 - 04:50
Works on raspbian
Running on a raspberry pi model B. Thanks!
tdg5 (not verified)
Sat, 12/27/2014 - 12:17
Charl Botha (not verified)
Wed, 03/11/2015 - 08:43
Any chance of 2.48.3 (latest stable) binaries?
Dear Jens,
If you still have your qemu armel image somewhere, is there any chance of making available armel binaries of the latest unison stable release (2.48.3)?
Mark (not verified)
Mon, 08/17/2015 - 17:13
Arch ARM Linux binary
I needed a newer version of Unison (2.48.x) and tried the ARM Arch Linux binary on my Synology DS215j. It synchronised perfectly fine with my existing Unison hosts!
Mark (not verified)
Fri, 02/05/2016 - 00:06
Wed, 05/10/2017 - 05:31
Add new comment | Crutzi's Site
I'm curious to find out what blog platform you have been using?
I'm experiencing some minor security issues
with my latest website and I'd like to find something more safe.
Do you have any suggestions?
Rick Montreal (not verified)
Fri, 10/02/2015 - 10:33
Works on DNS-321 under Alt-F
Tested the native version 2.40.x on the dns, over ssh, comparing linux mint 17x64 ext4 and ntfs file-sets to the NAS which is running alt-F. Worked like a dream. Soooo much faster than mounting on SMB or NFS and doing a local compare. I tried compiling it myself on the nas, but had odd lockups and what not. This binary just cut to the chase. Thanks muchly!
dgeo (not verified)
Fri, 08/05/2016 - 22:17
DS214 unison
The "unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip" Binary is working on Synology DS214 Marvell Armada XP MV78230, thanks.
Thu, 01/12/2017 - 16:55
It's very informative website
Very interesting site i have bookmarked crutzi.info for future reference.
Reguel (not verified)
Fri, 01/13/2017 - 20:38
Work on QNAP TS-410
sucessfully installed unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip an run it in an init.d service on a QNAP TS-410.
thanks, but an upgrade to the latest version would be great.
XRumerTest (not verified)
Tue, 03/28/2017 - 01:59
Sat, 04/08/2017 - 09:54
2.48.4 Arm Binaries
Hello! I built the current version:
arm binary: familie-eder.name/dl/unison-2.48.4-linux-armel-text-static
arm64 binary: familie-eder.name/dl/unison-2.48.4-linux-arm64-text-static
XRumerTest (not verified)
Fri, 04/21/2017 - 09:01
claude (not verified)
Tue, 05/02/2017 - 01:23
Works on Nokia N900
Hi. The version from 'unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip' works perfectly on a Nokia N900. I use it productively every day.
Klemart3D (not verified)
Wed, 05/03/2017 - 14:45
On Synology DS216j (DSM 6)
Works fine on DS216j with DSM 6.1 :
To download binary :
wget [URL to unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip]
(remove space after ":" above)
To unzip binary (on DSM 6.x) :
7z x unison-2.40.102-static-armel.zip
To move binary on binaries syno folder =:
sudo mv unison /usr/syno/bin/
unison -version
unison version 2.40.102
XRumerTest (not verified)
Sun, 05/14/2017 - 23:12
Mon, 06/12/2017 - 23:59
Add new comment | Crutzi's Site
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text:
|Networking Software
|Network Tools
Publisher's Description+
Compass Free is a graphical, easy-to-use network monitoring and analysis tool. It provides WireShark users, and anyone else interested in their network activity, more visibility and insight into their wired and wireless networks.
Major Features include: Interactive network forensics dashboard, visualize rich node and protocol in graphs, support for both wired and wireless networks, support for PCAP and PKT files, create instant WYSIWYG HTML reports, seconds and milliseconds modes, compare and correlate data over time, shaded area, pie, and bar charts, real-time update of integrated graphs, navigate and zoom in graph with mouse, and extensible protocol recognition.
What's new in this version:
Version 3.0:
- Signal Strength Statistics
- Milliseconds Mode
- Filtering on Nodes and Protocol
- Ability to open very large files
- Ability to display many files together
- Dynamic scaling of graphed items
- Separate receive and transmit statistics


text:
RAF MILDENHALL, England -- On the 67th anniversary of V-E Day May 8, veterans from the 100th Bombardment Group, formerly stationed at RAF Thorpe Abbots, Norfolk, during World War II, visited RAF Mildenhall and met the men and women of the 100th Air Refueling Wing.
The 100th Bomb Group - ancestor to the 100th ARW - celebrates its 70th anniversary this year. In celebration of this, and to remember those who lost their lives between 1943 and 1945, four U.S. Air Force veterans, one widow and 18 family members of former veterans visited the base as part of a special trip to England.
To honor the veterans, three rooms - two within the 100th Operations Group building, and one in the 100th Maintenance Group building - have been renamed.
The 100th OG auditorium was renamed the Rosenthal Auditorium, after retired Lt. Col. Robert "Rosie" Rosenthal. The 100th OG conference room was named the Jeffrey Room, after retired Maj. Gen. Thomas S. Jeffrey Jr. The 100th MXG conference room was renamed the Rovegno Conference Room after retired Col. Eugene "Butch" Rovegno.
The names of these former military members were selected by the Bomb Group Foundation based on their accomplishments, which can be read about on the framed picture by each room.
Family members of the three men were in attendance to witness the honor and dedication to their loved ones from World War II.
Dan Rosenthal, son of 'Rosie' Rosenthal, assisted Lt. Col. Thomas Torkelson, 351st Air Refueling Squadron commander, in the unveiling of the newly-renamed auditorium.
"Rosie was always extremely proud to have been part of the 100th BG," he said of his father. "He enlisted right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and was discharged after Japan surrendered. He fought for his country and against oppression.
"[My father] knew that luck played a part in his survival while so many others died; he also knew that it took an all-out effort by America, Britain and their other allies to defeat the Axis powers - and that his contribution to the war effort was only one out of many."
Dan added that his father was delighted to have toured RAF Mildenhall in May 2002, after revisiting Thorpe Abbotts, his air base during World War II.
One of the visiting veterans, Joe Urice, was the guest speaker as part of the Century Lecture series, and he talked to Airmen about various aspects of leadership, including what makes a good leader, and what he's personally learned about leadership over the years.
In honor of one of the 100th BG veterans, who was unable to make the visit here, one of RAF Mildenhall's KC-135 Stratotankers - the 100th OG commander's aircraft, tail number 0001 - recently received new nose art. It was dedicated to retired Capt. Robert Wolff, former 100th BG prisoner of war, and was unveiled for the visiting veterans and their families, along with members of the 100th ARW.
"Wolff was originally supposed to have this nose art on his aircraft back in World War II, but his plane was shot down before that could happen," said Capt. Adam Dalson, 351st ARS.
"You can't know who you are without knowing where you came from," he said, as he explained why he felt the visit was important.
"What these [veterans] went through is something we'll never probably experience in our lifetime, but the stories and the lessons learned are timeless," Dalson said.
Col. Bill DeMarco, 100th OG commander, said he is in awe of the history of the 100th ARW.
He said when he looks at the young Airmen who could possibly come back here as leaders, it's because of events like this that they'll know all the lineage and all the connections between the veterans and the 100th ARW.
"Having the 100th Bomb Group members come to visit solidifies that history and lineage between the original members and those of us today," DeMarco said.
"Unveiling the Wolff-pack nose art for a member who never had nose art on his airplane - that means a lot to me," the 100th OG commander said.
|Date Taken:
|Date Posted:
|06.20.2012 10:57
|Story ID:
|Web Views:
|Podcast Hits:
This work, RAF Mildenhall honors World War II veterans during 100th Bomb Group reunion, by Karen Abeyasekere and SrA Ethan Morgan, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.


text:
Natal astrology, rectification, and electional astrology consultations.
Natal astrology, rectification, and electional astrology consultations.
Online courses in Hellenistic, electional, and horary astrology.
Audio recordings of astrology lectures on various topics.
I'm pleased to announce that I will be giving a lecture and a workshop in New York City on June 18 and 20, 2015! You can find out more information about the talks and how
I will be speaking at the American Federation of Astrologers conference in Tempe, Arizona in April, and to help promote the conference Demetra George sent me some interview questions in order to get a sense


text:
rack and pinion for a 49 Plymouth
Can anyone tell me a good donor car to get my a rack and pinion set up for my 49 Plymouth Deluxe? Thanks!
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text:
H.E. Mauricio Rodriguez Munera
Embassy of Colombia
3 Hans Crescent
SW1X OLN Dear Ambassador
Assassinations of Colombian Trade Unionists
Thank you for your letters of 17 August and 31 August setting out respectively your response to my letter of 17 June on the continuing systemic failure to ensure the protection of trade unionists in Colombia and the commitments made by President Santos in his inauguration speech to uphold respect for life and human rights in Colombia.
I have noted the arguments made in both letters that real change has taken place and it is therefore of course with deep regret that I have to write once again to raise the cases of three trade union leaders murdered since President Santos inauguration, namely;
Luis German Restrepo, killed on August 12th 2010 in the city of Medellin, a member of the Executive of the packaging union SINTRAEMPAQUES (CGT)
Segundo Salvador Forero Moreno, killed on September 9th in the town of Anserma (Caldas province), an activists in the teachers' trade union EDUCAL (FECODE, CUT)
Nelson Murillo Taborda, killed September 9th in the town of El Castillo (Meta province), a member of the Executive of SINTRAGRIM (FEBSUAGRO, CUT)
We of course accept that President Santos has only just begun his presidency and welcome the assurances given by his new administration that more will be done to protect the lives and rights of trade unionists. However until we see action on the ground to turn his words into reality we remain unconvinced that enough is being done to change the appalling situation faced daily by trade unionists in your country.
In fact once again, as with so many cases in the past, it would appear that little is being done in the cases of the three assassinations outlined above to bring the perpetrators to justice.
I must again restate our position that notwithstanding the new government in Bogotá until we see real and meaningful progress to end the violence and attacks faced by trade unionists and other human rights defenders the British trade union movement will continue to urge our Government to end political and military support for the Colombian Government and oppose the signing of any bilateral trade agreements between the EU and Colombia.
I look forward to hearing from you regarding what measures are being taken to find and prosecute the murderers in these cases.
Yours sincerely
Brendan Barber
General Secretary
Issued: 8 October, 2010


text:
Super Chase H.Q. Credits (SNES)
Published by
Developed by
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings.
Super Chase H.Q. Credits
Super Chase H.Q. Credits
|Yoshio Imamura
|Eiji Takeshima
|Main Program
|Yuji Tanaka
|Tomohiro Ikeda, Manabu Shirato, Yoshiaki Ishii, Takeshi Sasaki
|Makoto Saito, Kazuhiro Ohhara, Hisao Yasukouchi, Tsuyoshi Tanigawa
|Yasuhisa Watanabe (Zuntata), Naoto Yagishita (Zuntata), Adon Suemura, Jag
|Special Thanks
|Anthony Gurr, Toshio Harada, Larry Stalmah, Toni Jordan, Suzan Schultz, Greg Hasler, Paul Torres, Reg Winter, Kiyoshi Bandō, Yoichi Sato, Kouji Moriyama, Shiro Yasuda, Shigeru Naitoh, Hisayoshi Ogura, Hiroshige Tonomura, Keisuke Inoue, Kazuo Nakagawa, Yasuo Tanizawa, Toshiki Sakai, Sakae Nishiyama, Noriyasu Togakushi, Shinji Nakada, Takashi Kuroda, Nobuaki Kuroki, Makoto Sonoda
|Presented by
|Taito Corporation
Cover (US)
|Cover Artwork by
|Paul Faris
Other Games
In addition to this game, the following people are listed as working on other games. No more than 25 people are listed here, even if there are more than 25 people who have also worked on other games.
Hisayoshi Ogura, 20 other games
Yoshio Imamura, 15 other games
Yasuhisa Watanabe, 14 other games
Naoto Yagishita, 13 other games
Kiyoshi Bandō, 11 other games
Makoto Sonoda, 11 other games
Yoichi Sato, 10 other games
Anthony Gurr, 10 other games
Kazuhiro Ohhara, 10 other games
Paul Torres, 9 other games
Makoto Saito, 9 other games
Takeshi Sasaki, 9 other games
Nobuaki Kuroki, 8 other games
Toshiki Sakai, 7 other games
Hiroshige Tonomura, 7 other games
Manabu Shirato, 7 other games
Takashi Kuroda, 7 other games
Toshio Harada, 5 other games
Kazuo Nakagawa, 5 other games
Yoshiaki Ishii, 5 other games
Eiji Takeshima, 5 other games
Yuji Tanaka, 5 other games
Noriyasu Togakushi, 4 other games
Greg Hasler, 3 other games
Tsuyoshi Tanigawa, 3 other games
People who have worked on this game have also collaborated on the creation of the following games:
Bust-A-Move Again, a group of 11 people
Arkanoid: Doh It Again, a group of 9 people
Ray Tracers, a group of 8 people
Night Striker, a group of 6 people
Operation Thunderbolt, a group of 5 people
Continental Circus, a group of 5 people
G Darius, a group of 5 people
The Flintstones: The Rescue of Dino & Hoppy, a group of 4 people
Bubble Bobble, a group of 4 people
The Flintstones: The Surprise at Dinosaur Peak!, a group of 4 people
Sonic Blast Man II, a group of 4 people
Bust-A-Move, a group of 4 people
The Ninja Warriors, a group of 4 people
Space Invaders, a group of 4 people
Sagaia, a group of 4 people
Darius Gaiden, a group of 3 people
Super Soccer Champ, a group of 3 people
The Jetsons: Invasion of the Planet Pirates, a group of 3 people
Psychic Force 2012, a group of 3 people
On the Ball, a group of 3 people
Ys V: Lost Kefin, Kingdom of Sand, a group of 3 people
Credits for this game were contributed by リカルド・フィリペ (71360) and Evil Ryu (65445)


text:
If you have an online business, you've probably been told at least once to get on Twitter. Maybe you're already on Twitter but don't feel like you're getting anything out of the space.
Truth be told—Twitter can be great for promoting your small business. And while proponents of social media like to say "anything goes, there really are no rules"—that's not necessarily the case.
There are a few unspoken etiquette rules when promoting your business on Twitter and if you don't pay attention to some of the tips mentioned below, it can cause people to ignore your friend requests or unfollow you all together.
Just remember, Twitter is a community—not advertising space. People will accept the promotion of your business in balance. Don't expect to sign up for twitter, put out a few of your links and have whopping sales or clients pouring in overnight.
Seriously– not gonna happen.
But, if you work to make relationships and connect with your target audience, you'll be on your way to getting sales or clients in no time.
And I do say this from personal experience. As a freelance writer, all of my well paying writing gigs have come as a result of the connections I've made on Twitter. Same goes for my network marketing business. While the venture is relatively new, I've been able to speak with prospects and sell a few products because of my connections in the space.
So without further adieu, let's get started with some basic do's and dont's in promoting your business on Twitter:
- DON'T sign up for twitter and follow hundreds of people all at once. Instead, sign up and follow people sloooowwwly (You don't want to be mistaken for a spammer). If a person follows me and they have one update, 500 friends and 2 followers, I just assume it's a spammer and won't follow.
- DO follow a manageable number of people and try to keep your followers to followee ratio relatively equal until you get the swing of things.
- DON'T make all of your updates about your company, blog or service. Instead, have REAL, friendly conversations until people get to know you as someone they can trust. This requires you following what other people are saying and engaging in conversations that go beyond yourself or your business.
- DO post links to your latest blog entries, sales, etc.—but KEEP IT BALANCED.
- DO share (or Retweet) links to other people's giveaways, blog entries or sales items. By paying attention to what other people are saying, those people will be more likely to give your stuff a look when they see it come across the screen. It's called karma and it works.
- DON'T auto DM! Auto Dm's are those pesky little personal messages you are probably sending out to your followers that say "Hi! Thanks for following! Here's the link to my site _______!" If that's you, STOP. Again, get to know the people you are following before you hit them with your links. Anything a person needs to know about you can be found on your bio line. Keep it that way.
- DO DM someone about something that relates to THEM (again stepping outside yourself). For example, I followed back someone today that wrote how she had 50 some followers and her husband was impressed because that was more than Jesus. Well of course that made me laugh so I DM'ed her to say hi and that I was cracking up over her comment. Friendly conversation in a DM is A'ok 😉
- DON'T announce to the world how many followers you have! I know it gets exciting when we feel like we are finally connecting to our target audience and people want to hear what we have say, but keep your numbers to yourself!
- DO use twitter to invite people in your target audience OFF the space and onto your blog. From there you can be more promotional of your products, your services, etc. On twitter you'll make and foster the connections—but you'll actually convert sales, clients, etc. on your own turf. Keep that in mind before you spam 😉
And to help the Twitter newbies out there, please weigh in below with the Twitter habits that annoy you the most. By nicely telling people what NOT to do, we can have a much better experience in the world of social media.
Photo Courtesy of Flickr Creative Commons Artist wisleywoven
About Amber Watson-Tardiff
Amber Watson-Tardiff is a freelance writer, virtual assisant and solopreneur. When shes not writing or teaching people how to start their own home business, Amber can be found starting trouble here on Twitter or hanging out on her own blog, jerseymomma.com. To contact amber, email ambertardiff at gmail dot com.
Want to join the work at home movement? Here's your invite. Get some home business tips, resources & some occasional booty kicking…just saying:) You In?
Cool! Glad you want in. Please check your email to confirm. Didn't get the email? Check your spam or junk folder:)


text:
Learning English in an English speaking world : examining opportunities for intercultural understandings and connectedness through representations of identities in English language textbooks
Caukill, Emma (2011) Learning English in an English speaking world : examining opportunities for intercultural understandings and connectedness through representations of identities in English language textbooks. In Dashwood, Ann & Son, J.B. (Eds.) Language, Culture and Social Connectedness. Cambridge Scholars Publishing., Newcastle Upon Tyne, pp. 57-73.
Published Version
(PDF 314kB)
With the recognition that language both reflects and constructs culture and English now widely acknowledged as an international language, the cul-tural content of language teaching materials is now being problematised. Through a quantitative analysis, this chapter focuses on opportunities for intercultural understanding and connectedness through representations of the identities that appear in two leading English language textbooks. The analyses reveal that the textbooks orientate towards British and western identities with representations of people from non-European/non-Western backgrounds being notable for their absence, while others are hidden from view. Indeed there would appear to be a neocolonialist orientation in oper-ation in the textbooks, one that aligns English with the West. The chapter proposes arguments for the consideration of cultural diversity in English language teaching (ELT) textbook design, and promoting intercultural awareness and acknowledging the contexts in which English is now being used. It also offers ways that teachers can critically reflect on existing ELT materials and proposes arguments for including different varieties of Eng-lish in order to ensure a level of intercultural understanding and connect-edness.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Book Chapter
|English as an international language, language textbooks, intercultural understanding, language and culture, pedagogy
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > EDUCATION (130000)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > EDUCATION (130000) > CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY (130200) > LOTE ESL and TESOL Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Maori) (130207)
|Past > Research Centres > Office of Education Research
Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Education
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2011 Please consult the author.
|Deposited On:
|07 Mar 2012 00:34
|Last Modified:
|21 Jun 2017 14:46
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text:
MTN Group has earmarked investment of over USD3 billion for the upgrade and expansion of its Nigerian business over the next three years, in a bid to improve the quality of its services amid rapid subscriber growth, Business Day reports. The Nigerian market is South Africa-based MTNs largest by revenues and subscribers, but the company has been penalised by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) for failing to meet minimum standards of service quality, while it also faces attacks on its infrastructure in the north by militant Islamist group Boko Haram. MTN Group CEO Sifiso Dabengwa acknowledged that the firm has challenges with quality of service driven by the high demand in Nigeria, adding that the company will continue to invest at this rate in the medium term, and make sure the overall quality of service is acceptable. At 31 March 2014 MTN Nigerias subscriber total stood at 57.2 million, up 12% from 51.3 million twelve months earlier and making it the market leader by some margin. The cellco expects its customer base to exceed 60 million by the end of the year.
Source: TeleGeography.
© Copyright 2017, ITU
The information presented within this blog comes from various organizations around the world. ITU encourages users to seek more detailed information from the original source through the links provided.
Links to third-party websites are provided for the convenience of all users. The ITU is not responsible for the accuracy, currency or the reliability of the content on these third-party websites. ITU does not offer any guarantee in that regard nor does ITU endorse the third-party organizations, their sites or content.


text:
As the scene of one of the twentieth century´s most famous novels is a palatial mansion that gleams of luxury and bathed in electric light. The huge property is located in West Egg on Long Island, New York. Here comes the city´s elite to enjoy themselves in another glamorous party. The owner of the house, the mysterious and mythical Jay Gatsby will not be visible to very often. Malicious rumors abound endlessly around the enigmatic man whose tragic life story is not yet known among the superficial and selfish crowd on the guest list . One day Gatsby sends a hand written invitation to his neighbor Nick Carraway. Nick who just moved to New York from the Middle West to living from trading with bonds. He´s also one of few sympathetic people in this book and a big reason for that is probably that he comes from a secure childhood with sound values. It´s also through the narration of Nick the reader is taken into the heart of the story. At first Nick had the same frosty attitude to Gatsby like any other but over time developed their acquaintance in a positive direction and Gatsby confides everything else for him. It turns out that behind the facade hides a story lined with lies, deceit and obsession that culminates in one and the same person; Nick Carraway´s first cousin Daisy Buchanan. Daisy who lives with her blue-blooded husband Tom on the other side of Long Island has hidden her secret well but are now confronted with the past. When it´s revealed that Gatsby and Daisy had a relationship just before the war opens up for a delicious eternal triangle.
F Scott Fitzgerald describes in an accurate manner the era in U.S history became known as the Roaring Twenties. During this time flourished even cultural and Fitzgerald himself coined the term" jazz age". The electric light, the car and the telephone also became more common during this time, which the author point out clearly in his story. His use of language is amazing and I have never before read so vivid and poetic meditations about trivial things like a phone call or a description of a car. I can understand how new and important these things were at this time. The author describes in a cynical way with a lighthearted tone how superficial and corrupt it was among people in the upper class of society. Many of them believed that everything could be bought for money, but this story will prove otherwise that the American Dream for most people is just a dream.
This seemingly harmless pretty thin book contains so much more than I have the skills to analyze, but I think if you read between the lines I´m sure that you can find how many hidden messages anytime.


text:
The Radiation Boom
A Pinpoint Beam Strays Invisibly, Harming Instead of Healing
By WALT BOGDANICH and KRISTINA REBELO
Published: December 28, 2010
The initial accident report offered few details, except to say that an unidentified hospital had administered radiation overdoses to three patients during identical medical procedures.
The Radiation Boom
Missing the Target
Articles in this series examine issues arising from the increasing use of medical radiation and the new technologies that deliver it.
It was not until many months later that the full import of what had happened in the hospital last year began to surface in urgent nationwide warnings, which advised doctors to be extra vigilant when using a particular device that delivers high-intensity, pinpoint radiation to vulnerable parts of the body.
Marci Faber was one of the three patients. She had gone to Evanston Hospital in Illinois seeking treatment for pain emanating from a nerve deep inside her head. Today, she is in a nursing home, nearly comatose, unable to speak, eat or walk, leaving her husband to care for their three young daughters.
Two other patients were overdosed before the hospital realized that the device, a linear accelerator, had inexplicably allowed radiation to spill outside a heavy metal cone attachment that was supposed to channel the beam to a specific spot in the brain. One month later, the same accident happened at another hospital.
The treatment Ms. Faber received, stereotactic radiosurgery, or SRS, is one of the fastest-growing radiation therapies, a technological innovation designed to target tiny tumors and other anomalies affecting the brain or spinal cord, while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue.
Because the radiation is so concentrated and intense, accuracy is especially important. Yet, according to records and interviews, the SRS unit at Evanston lacked certain safety features, including those that might have prevented radiation from leaking outside the cone.
The mistakes in Evanston involve linear accelerators — commonly used for standard radiation therapy — that were redesigned by the manufacturer, Varian Medical Systems, so they could also perform SRS. As the devices became more versatile and complex, problems arose when vital electronic components could not communicate with one another.
In the last five years, SRS systems made by Varian and its frequent German partner, Brainlab, have figured in scores of errors and overdoses, The New York Times has found. Some mistakes were caused by operator error. In Missouri, for example, 76 patients were overradiated because a medical physicist did not realize that the smaller radiation beam used in radiosurgery had to be calibrated differently than the larger beam used for more traditional radiation therapy.
Medical physicists say there is nothing inherently wrong with linear accelerators that deliver general radiation therapy, as well as SRS. And, they say, the overdoses might have been caught had users followed a more rigorous system of checks and double-checks.
"Tens of thousands of patients have been treated with protocols properly followed and no mistakes were made," said Dr. Frank J. Bova, a medical physicist in Gainesville, Fla., and a pioneer in developing and enhancing the accuracy of SRS. "It has changed many difficult procedures, ones with high surgical risk, into one-day outpatient procedures."
But radiation safety experts say the retrofitted devices made up of different companies' products present a special challenge.
Dr. Howard I. Amols, chief of clinical physics at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, said some problems appeared to be "a combination of user error, coupled with neither the manufacturers nor the F.D.A. being able to anticipate a potential safety flaw in a 'mix and match' treatment delivery system."
Dr. William David Bloomer, chairman of radiation medicine at Evanston Hospital, said the mistakes happened even though medical personnel there had followed the manufacturer's instructions. "We rely on them to make sure the medical devices are safe," he said.
Varian, the world's leading manufacturer of linear accelerators, declined to be interviewed, but said in a statement that it has "deep concern" for accident victims and their families. "Our products include many built-in safety features, and we work continually to make them even safer," Varian said.
Brainlab denied any role in the accidents.
The accidents highlight shortcomings in the regulation of medical radiation.
Despite their complexity, the multipurpose devices are less regulated than their more simply designed competitor, the Gamma Knife, a device engineered specifically for stereotactic radiosurgery.
Linear accelerators, which generate radiation without using radioactive material, are overseen by the Food and Drug Administration, while the Gamma Knife is regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission because it uses a radioactive isotope. The nuclear commission has more authority to investigate and publicize radiation errors.
The F.D.A. approved the retrofitted linear accelerators with little review on the grounds that they were mere extensions of existing technology.
But since there is no requirement that all mistakes involving linear accelerators be reported to a central database, getting a handle on how often SRS errors occur is difficult. "Everybody says these are isolated incidents," Dr. Bloomer said, "until you find out that maybe they are not so isolated."
Seeking Respite From Pain