text:
Re: Sweet Dope o' Mine
Big version if anyone needs it
ha, great stuff
leonryan wrote:very cool
Re: Snow Bird
This truly captures the feel of the show and I love your linework on this design, already voted.
Re: Smart TV
Oh so cute!:D
mecos wrote:cool design
albertoarni wrote:Votada amigo!
Suerte :D
Gracias amigo! (o;
Re: The Alternate Atomic Model
Love this!
Re: Adventure Time Lord
This should be on the fog right now. Love the the colors!
Re: The One-Eyed Babysitter
After much research, I decided on the year Howdy Doody came out as the beginning of the TV generation. Now we're on our 3rd generation of screen natives. His shirt says "As seen on TV".
Re: Keep Your Mind Sharp
I love that quote from GoT...great work!
Re: A/V missing manual
You might be a redneck if...
oneshoeoff wrote:I'm pretty sure the Dillon Panthers always had a spiny shell or two up their sleeves.
YAY!!!! Friday Night Lights!!!LOVE!!!
Re: Immature Audiences Only (resub)
Still looks like a text only design to me
I must have this!!! Love!
Re: Consume
This is really cool, and kinda trippy
Re: jane eyre
Oh My! Flying Guards! IT'S EDGAR! Whatup dude? Glad to see you around
Re: The Creation of Television
BAD American Culture! BAD American Culture!
Look what it just did on the living room rug!
Re: Woodbury Raiders
surprised this isn't getting more attention. nice work.
bluetuba wrote:Still looks like a text only design to me
They've been pretty loose on this rule in the past. I'm surprised this one was rejected the first time, since it has a box in it.
Even so, there have been quite a few in the past with less graphics than this one that have been allowed.
Like this one: http://shirt.woot.com/derby/entry/57539/worlds-easiest-map
YAY, it's in the fog!
Spiritgreen wrote:This truly captures the feel of the show and I love your linework on this design, already voted.
I appreciate the kind words
Re: I'm The Danger
Nice effect! It looks like his face is melting! Well done as always!
Re: Don't Take My Word For It
Love it!!
Re: Hypno TV
Your mind is totally controlled
It has been stuffed into my mold
And you will do as you are told
Until the rights to you are sold!
Figured this would make it.
Re: I'm Nobody's Puppet!!!
Well, Yotz...
Re: Watching TV
The best time ever.
leonryan wrote:surprised this isn't getting more attention. nice work.
Because the Raiders SUCK!
So cute
Oh he must have really frelled something up to be in such deep dren this time.
I really love the lack of noses & for some reason they remind me of my favorite childhood toys - Weeble-Wobbles!
Beautiful design.
harzack wrote:Nice!!
Re: My Little Dragon
This is so awesome! I really love this dragon design!!!
stardustmage wrote:Very cute We used to come home to the cat sitting on top of the cable box with the TV on when I was growing up
People grew up with cable boxes? I thought people grew up with black and white TV.
PixelPants wrote:How did I miss that? Neat take on the theme CrescentDebris.
Reminds me of the big W.
I really like the colors.
Re: Grimm Cookies
I really like the design and the TV-show! GMV.
The only negative side of the show (sorry for ranting!) is that their German is - at times - really bad. With a tiny bit of reasearch they could do a much better job.
The word "Könischlange" does not exist. It's Königsschlange (kingsnake).
View All →


text:
It appears your browser may be outdated. For the best website experience, we recommend updating your browser. learn more
Profile: Bill Haas
In one moment Bill Haas went from being a Wake Forest phenom with a golfing pedigree to a household name.
© 1995-2017 PGA TOUR, Inc | All Rights Reserved.
PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, Web.com Tour, and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks.
Web.com is also a registered trademark used here with permission, and used in the Web.com Tour logo with permission.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Latest Weather Blog
Police association stands behind BRPD chief
Related Story
BATON ROUGE - The Magnolia State Peace Officers Association of Louisiana released a statement today supporting Dewayne White, who was recently removed from his position as Baton Rouge Police chief.
The MSPOA said White had made "obvious efforts" to address concerns with crime, and they support him on a number of issues.
White is on paid administrative leave after Mayor Kip Holden told him last week he was recommending White be fired. Holden told News 2 today that the Peace Officers Association didn't have all the facts.
"Being there every day you see things that some of the organizations don't see," he said. "I have responsibility to make the best call I can. I respect the organization, but the organization can't be mayor and be police officers at the same time when they don't know all the facts."
Holden released a letter last night detailing 14 points he said gave him cause to fire White, who told the media through his attorney last week the termination came because of politics involving the police union.
White is scheduled to appeal the decision at a Feb. 18 hearing with Holden, who said the meeting would be public at White's request.
News 2's Mike Steele will have more on the situation tonight at 5 p.m.
Desktop NewsClick to open Continuous News in a sidebar that updates in real-time.
News Video
EBR Sheriff stationed rescue vehicles ahead of storm
Ascension, Livingston inland waterways closed to recreational boaters at 6 p.m.
Mosquito fish being used to decrease West Nile Virus mosquito population
Valve releasing stinky odor disrupting church, neighborhood
Vote on Baton Rouge zoo relocation deferred


text:
Facing TV Problems? Ask a TV Technician.
Hello, I would like to assist you with your question today. Please remember to click ACCEPT after you are satisfied so I get credit for my time.
Does this happen in all input modes (tv, xbox, dvd, etc)?
It appears to be
let me confirm
There is not a physical reset button, though unplugging the set from power (at least 4 hours, preferably up to 48 hours) can clear the memory and force a reset of the system.
I unplugged it (like a router or other) for 5 mins..
but that did nothing
you're saying unplug it for 4 hours?
I was hoping for something a bit more technical than that, but ...... it's hard to troubleshoot remotely....
so that's it? wow, what a waste of $21
That is really the only thing you can do yourself. There are a lot of capacitors in the tv, and unplugging for 5 min is not enough to dissipate.
If that does not help, then this would be a symptom of a defective control board (which is how the on screen menus are generated) and the set would need to be replaced. Though based on the age/type of the set, repairs are not likely practical. If you'd like to pursue repair anyway, let me know the full model number of the set and your zip and I can try to give you a more detailed estimate or refer you to a local shop that can take a look at it.


text:
'Doctor Sleep' keeps top spot on U.S. best-sellers fiction list
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Stephen King's latest novel, "Doctor Sleep," retained the No. 1 spot on the U.S. best-sellers fiction list on Thursday for the second consecutive week.
The list is compiled using data from independent and chain bookstores, book wholesalers and independent distributors nationwide.
Hardcover Fiction Last Week
1. "Doctor Sleep" by Stephen King (Scribner, $30.00) 1
2. "Gone" by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge (Little, Brown, $28.00) -
3. "The Longest Ride" by Nicholas Sparks (Grand Central, $27.00) 2
4. "The Signature of All Things" by Elizabeth Gilbert (Viking, $28.95) -
5. "W Is for Wasted" by Sue Grafton (Putnam, $28.95) 3
6. "Never Go Back" by Lee Child (Delacorte, $28.00) 5 Continued...


text:
Cheapest Lasix; Lasix Buying It Online
Cheapest Lasix; Lasix Buying It Online.
Really Cheapest Prices&Free Bonuses! No Prescription Required!
Buy Cheap Lasix Online - CLICK HERE!
Tags: lasix cheapest
Radiac Abrasives combines both sales and engineering expertise to determine the most cost effective and expedient solution for your grinding needs.
lasix 40 mg brand cheap
lasix 40 mg cheap order
lasix cr rx
welcome to georges river 16ft sailing club Enjoy the great atmosphere and excellent service. COURTESY BUS AVAILABLE.
lasix 40 mg express shipping
lasix 40 mg no a prescription
cheaper lasix 40 mg in north dakota
Pharmacy arimidex From Canada
lasix 40 mg buy fedex
discount buy lasix
lasix 40 mg no dr
buy lasix 40 mg cr
Generic Cialis Super Force. Tadalafil + Dapoxetine 20mg + 60mg. Cialis Super Force is a combination medication of tadalafil and dapoxetine used for the treatment of ...
cheap drugs lasix
order lasix low cost
lasix buy fedex
Site provides consumer information regarding Alcoholics Anonymous programs and specific locations for cities throughout Louisiana.
online pharmacy cod lasix
offer lasix
lasix 40 mg rx
sell lasix 40 mg
lasix generic brands
lasix 40 mg no rx cod
get now lasix 40 mg
buy lasix cr
lasix online with no prescription
cheap lasix 40 mg buy
lasix no rx fed ex
lasix 40 mg where buy onlin
Price lynoral Pills Online
get lasix 40 mg online
MIT offers courses in Business Management, Accounting, Marketing, IT and Engineering at Diploma, Bachelors, Postgraduate & Master degree level.
cheap lasix cr
lasix cr discount
lasix cod next day
pharmacy lasix
no prescription lasix 40 mg
East York Veterinary Center offers full medical & surgical services for your pets.
order gb lasix no rx
lasix cr with consult
lasix no prior rx
lasix 40 mg same day
Links to entertainment, travel, and business resources, plus a searchable news archive.
purchase lasix 40 mg
generic lasix cost
buy lasix xr fedex
lasix where to bu
lasix 40 mg no doctor
lasix 40 mg where buy
lasix best price
lasix 40 mg online
worldwide lasix 40 mg
cheap ems shipping lasix
low price lasix 40 mg
no prescription generic lasix
lasix daily in rye
lasix coupons free shipping
overnight lasix
lasix overnight cod
lasix online prescription
lasix online ach saturday delivery
lasix generic list
online buy lasix 40 mg
Praktijk den Uijl Wormerhoek 14M 2905 TX Capelle aan den IJssel Telefoon: 010 7 411 411 Mobiel: 06 438 585 08 Email: email@example.com
pharmacy lasix 40 mg
get cheap lasix
cheap brand and generic lasix
purchase cheap lasix 40 mg visa
lasix airmail
lasix 40 mg best buy
lasix where buy online
lasix 40 mg without a script
lasix no rx cheap
lasix 40 mg no script
lasix doctor at north dakota
Order myambutol Online
lasix western union fast
price lasix at nc
lasix 40 mg no prior script
lasix at llanfair caereinion
lasix 40 mg where to buy
x where buy
buy lasix no rx
lasix cheap no membership
lasix no prescriptions
lasix 40 mg online rx
lasix drugs no doctors non silagra overnight drug viagra professional non prescription elimite deliver to uk fed ex overnight tablet valtrex online zovirax 400 mg buy flovent 50 mcg best prices vibramycin no rx needed eulexin cheap generic online pharmacy lasuna pills ir997


text:
Model Mayhem Admin
Ronan SpelmanPhotographer Male NORTH HOLLYWOOD, California, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/artofronan
Mayhem # 2710
About Me
Artist and Photographer, working Freelance, always looking for something new and exciting to shoot.
I studied Art and Media studies in Ireland at the National college of Art and Design, but not for long as most of the tutors were assholes, who had nothing to teach. So for the most I am self taught. I work always from my raw emotions. I have had a number of exhibitions around LA and Chicago.
Currently Working on a few Photography books due for release soon.
I have had the great pleasure of working with many Fab models in LA and a few from around the country. And some great models from Europe
I am only interested in working with professionals I don't want to deal with Time Wasters. I am a professional photographer. and wish to be treated that way. Please extend me the same respect that I extend to you. Do not ask to work with me and then flake out. If you make an appointment KEEP IT!. If for some reason I fail to get back in contact with you it is because I am busy working and trying to get projects finished. I try to stay on top of keeping in contact with models and makeup artists, but sometimes my schedule changes at the last minute....the joys of being a designer! So sorry in advance!
Fetish shoots are only done if I am interested or working on projects for shows, magazines, books etc.
PLEASE NOTE: I am not a content photographer for websites unless I get something out of the deal.... Promotion or use of images, or money.
I keep track of all the people I work with and tend to use models more than once.... if we have a good working relationship.
I work with nudes a lot..... so if you are offended by these type of images, I may not be the guy for you.
Besides all that we try to have fun at my shoots and spend alot of time laughing... we need to be comfortable together.
I hope to work with some of you in the future!
As a side note, and not to offend anyone.... I am going to start being very picky about who I add to my list of contacts, adding everyone is just going to get out of hand, so it will be limited to Models and Photographers that have
a Look and Feel that appeals to me. I have noticed a lot of people who say "Very Experienced", but it just does not carry over in their profiles. I intend to use this site to work with others and that is what I base most of my decision on.
I am always available to shoot people to help build a portfolio, at a reduced rate....Yes I have fees,but they are not crazy.... when your portfolio starts to look professional I will start to add you.
Have you worked with Ronan Spelman? Add Credits for Ronan Spelman! >>
Credit Notes
National Sports Schedule
Under Magazine
Skin and ink
"Electric tattooing by Women" by Madame Chinchilla
Auto Trim and Restyling News
Lew Watanabe "Master of Stone and Light" ...2005
"Artofronan 1997-2007"
"The Tattoo Nation".... Book to be released
"A Diversion in Perversion"
Exploding Cinema
Group show at Echo Gallery
Model Mayhem Admin
Heidi Calvert Photographer
Viva Van Story Photographer
Cyndiemyst Model
CML Model
Amber Ray Model
Loading Content


text:
Stair tread and riser assembly
1 Attachment(s)
When assembling stair treads and risers, is it better to have the tread tucked under the riser or have the riser tucked in between the tread and the stringer riser backing? I am inclined to think the former because that way the tread gets more framing support but the way my current stairs are assembled is the latter, hence my uncertainty. See picture.
Attachment 72674
199 Attachment(s)
You install the risers first and then the treads.
4 Attachment(s)
And you also go behind the risers, and give extra attachment and support to the treads in the form of glue and screws through the risers into the back edge of the tread.
Treads are only providing support of a measly 1-1/2", or so... however thick they are. This is not much.
The risers, on the other hand are installed like floor joists are installed, on edge, giving you about 7" of very solid support all across under the front edges of the treads. It makes equally good sense to support the back edges of these relatively thin treads by fastening them into the bottom of the risers.
I even dado the bottom edge of the risers for this express purpose... as shown in these drawings.
Look closer, sure looks like his are already datoed with just a slot for the tread to slide into.
Risers first then treads. Dadoed is definitely better but not absolutely necessary. Screws are also best but 2 1/2" ring shank nails work great also and are faster. Just make sure that you apply construction adhesive to all wood to wood surfaces.
1. Back of Tread to Riser (dadoed or not)
2. Top of Riser to bottom of Tread
3. Both tread and riser to the stringers.
This will insure that the treads are secure and that they will not squeak.
T is right. Don't be cheap with the adhesive... load it up.
Wait, nobody has an opinion about the dovetailed balusters?
1 Attachment(s)
It is interesting, but only because almost nobody does it this way anymore. Balusters which have been dovetailed add a tremendous amount of strength to the handrail.
199 Attachment(s)
That stringer is a beautiful piece of wood.
I place stair masters at the top of the wood working trade----L love the dovetailed balusters.
Ho Ho Ho---Willie, To build a properly functioning stair is a challenge---to make that look like a work of art? That makes them a Master and always someone who will have my admiration----
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 08:29 PM.
vBulletin Security provided by vBSecurity v2.2.2 (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2017 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
User Alert System provided by Advanced User Tagging (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2017 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.


text:
[[caption-width-right:300: [- He red, white and [[{{Pun}} blew]] 'em away... -] ]]
->''"I thought ghosts were supposed to come out in the dark, not in broad daylight on the Fourth of July!"''
-->-- '''Jed Crowley'''
''Uncle Sam'' is a 1997 SlasherMovie, created by the duo of Creator/LarryCohen and Creator/WilliamLustig.
During the UsefulNotes/GulfWar, sadistic mercenary door gunner Master Sergeant Sam Harper was killed along with his crew when their helicopter was shot down by friendly fire over Kuwait. Due to the seclusion of the impact site, Sam's charred corpse went undiscovered for three years, but when it was found, he randomly sprung to life and murdered two fellow soldiers, a sergeant and a major, before falling inert. After the double homicide was presumably blamed on enemy forces, Sam's body was collected and shipped to his hometown of Twin Rivers, where it was left in the possession of his family; his wife Louise (who is currently dating local Deputy Phil Burke) and sister Sally (whose son, an awkward and extremely patriotic boy named Jody, idolized Sam, unaware of his violent and troubled past).
As Sam's family and friends (which includes his mentor, former sergeant Jed Crowley, who regrets filling Sam's head with stories of the glories of war) pay their reluctant respects to the dead man, the town prepares for its Fourth of July celebration, which local (and extremely corrupt) congressman Alvin Cummings will be attending, in an attempt to salvage his public image. Unfortunately for Twin Rivers, Sam comes out of hibernation when the clock strikes midnight on July 3rd, kills a perverted man for his Uncle Sam costume, and sets about murdering all those he views as unpatriotic, including (but not limited to) flag burners, draft dodgers, tax evaders, stoners and slimy politicians. When Sam ultimately crashes the town's Fourth of July celebration, Jody (who had become disillusioned after learning about Sam's history) and Jed, with help from a crippled boy named Barry Cronin (who has an inexplicable connection to Sam) must work together to send the psycho soldier back to Hell.
!! This film provides examples of the following tropes:
* AgonyOfTheFeet: After accidentally knocking a picture of Sam onto the floor, Jody steps on the glass.
* TheAlcoholic: It is mentioned that Sam had a drinking problem. Clete's father also has it.
* AlienBlood: Sam's blood is black.
* AllPartOfTheShow: Presumably what was going through the minds of the audience, considering how little reaction there is to Congressman Cummings being made apart of the fireworks display (at least until he blows up).
* AmoralAttorney: Ralph, who is proud how he manages to screw the opposition over in his cases.
* AnAxeToGrind: Mr. Crandall's death comes in form of a hatchet that was meant to be wielded by a kid dressed as UsefulNotes/GeorgeWashington.
* AntagonistTitle: Sam Harper, who is also Jody's uncle.
* ArtificialLimbs: Jed's wooden right leg.
* AssholeVictim: Almost all the victims are given one or two (unpatriotic) KickTheDog moments.
* AutoErotica: A couple are briefly seen making out in an abandoned car.
* AxCrazy: Sam, even before he became undead. Even if he hadn't enlisted and been killed, he probably would've become a SerialKiller, a mercenary, a TerroristWithoutACause of the WesternTerrorists variety or something anyway.
%%* BadassGrandpa: Jed.
%%* BadassMoustache: The major.
%%* BaldOfAwesome: Jed.
%%* BitchInSheepsClothing: Sergeant Twining.
* BlackAndWhiteMorality: How Jody sees the world, until he's told how big a monster Sam was.
%%* BlindSeer: Barry.
* BodyHorror: When Sam's face is fully revealed at the end, he looks like a horrible, decayed swamp monster, not a charred corpse.
%%* BondOneLiner
%%* BoundAndGagged: Congressman Cummings.
* BrokenPedestal: Jody stops idolizing his uncle Sam after his aunt and mother tell him what he was really like.
%%* BrotherSisterIncest: It's heavily implied that Sam sexually abused Sally.
%%* BuriedAlive: Rick's death.
%%* ChaseScene: With stilts.
* ChekhovsGun: Along with Jed's cannon, there's also the spray paint cans Sam knocks Rick out with, and the meat cleaver he uses to kill Jesse.
%%* CigarChomper: The major.
* ComfortingTheWidow: Sergeant Twining enjoys informing soldiers' families of their deaths since it gives him a chance to do this.
%%* CoolShades: Congressman Cummings at least thinks so.
%%* CorruptPolitician: Congressman Alvin Cummings.
%%* CreepyCemetery
%%* CreepyChild: Barry, though Jody also has his moments.
%%* CruelAndUnusualDeath
%%* DaylightHorror: Jesse and Ralph's deaths.
* DeathByIrony: Ralph is shot in the head while dressed as Abraham Lincoln.
* DeathByMocking: Moral? Don't mock America... at least within earshot of a homicidal ghoul.
* {{Dedication}}: "For [[Creator/LucioFulci Lucio]]".
* DevelopingDoomedCharacters: They even admit in the commentary that things take a bit too long to get going.
%%* DirectToVideo
* DisappearedDad: Sally is apparently divorced.
%%* DomesticAbuser: Sam.
* DontGoInTheWoods: Jesse gets lost in them during the sack race, and meets Sam, who kills him for intentionally butchering the national anthem earlier.
%%* DraftDodging: Mr. Crandall.
* DreamSequence: Jody has a black and white dream in which he and Sam are marching in a Fourth of July parade.
%%* DullSurprise: Jody.
* {{Eagleland}}: America is a Type 2, as personified mostly in the CrapsackWorld town of Twin Rivers, due to Sam's bodycount being mostly {{Asshole Victim}}s who are completely corrupt Americans, the fact Sam died by being killed by his own men in a friendly fire and the AxCrazy SociopathicSoldier Sam himself being an American soldier.
%%* EvilIsDeathlyCold: Sam.
%%* EvilUncle: Guess.
* EyeAwaken: Sam does this inside his coffin when senses his grave being desecrated.
* {{Fainting}}: Mrs. Cronin's reaction to Sam massacring the Fourth of July celebration.
%%* FanService: Some brief T and A.
%%* FanServiceExtra: The woman Willie spies on.
%%* FingerTwitchingRevival: Sam likes fidgeting in his coffin.
%%* FriendOrFoe: How Sam died.
%%* GenderBlenderName: Jody.
* GoingPostal: "Way you shoot, you should get a job at the post office!"
* {{Gorn}}: It's a slasher movie -- comes with the territory.
* GroinAttack: There were plenty of rumors that said Jed didn't just lose a leg to a landmine.
%%* GrossUpCloseUp: On the more violent deaths, plus Rick's broken leg.
%%* UsefulNotes/GulfWar: Sam died in it.
%%* GutturalGrowler: Sam and the major.
* HilariousOuttakes: TheStinger shows the actor playing Willie trip while using his stilts.
* HorrorDoesntSettleForSimpleTuesday: Takes place during the 4th of July.
%%* ImmuneToBullets
* ImpaledWithExtremePrejudice: Phil is run through with a flagpole.
* ImprovisedWeapon: The aforementioned flagpole, most prominently.
%%* InfernalRetaliation: Attempted by Sam.
%%* IronicNurseryTune: "The Stars and Stripes Forever".
* LickingTheBlade: Sam licks his cleaver after [[OffWithHisHead cutting Jesse's head off]].
%%* LoopholeAbuse: Ralph's specialty.
%%* MadeOfExplodium: Louise's house, apparently.
%%* MalevolentMaskedMen: A cheap Uncle Sam mask.
* ManOnFire: Turns out it takes two cannon blasts to kill an undead soldier.
%%* MenacingStroll
* MenAreTheExpendableGender: There's only one female victim.
* {{Mooning}}: After purposely singing the anthem poorly onstage, Jesse moons the audience, with his underpants still on unlike most examples.
* MoralityPet: Sam may or may not have actually loved Jody.
* MoreDakka: After a simple handgun proves ineffective against Sam, the characters upgrade to a cannon.
%%* NeckSnap: The sergeant's death.
%%* NiceHat: Comes with the costume.
%%* TheNineties
* NoNameGiven: For some victims like the sergeant, the major, the barbecue girl and the mayor.
* NoodleIncident: The fireworks-related accident that disfigured, blinded and crippled Barry.
* NothingIsScarier: We don't see how Sam kills Willie with the garden shears, only hear it.
* OffscreenTeleportation: When Sam is stalking Jesse. It's done in such an absurd way that it has to be parodying this trope.
%%* OffWithHisHead: Jesse's death.
* OhCrap: Jed's reaction when he spots Sam's discarded mask while trying to call for help.
%%* OminousFog: In the park and cemetery.
%%* OurZombiesAreDifferent: Type R.
%%* PatrioticFervor
* PeekABooCorpse: Jesse's severed head being found in the barbecue.
%%* ThePeepingTom: Willie.
%%* PreMortemOneLiner
* PrettyLittleHeadshots: Ralph's death. [[JustifiedTrope Justified]], as Sam killed him with a BB gun.
%%* PunchedAcrossTheRoom: Happens to Jed.
%%* ReactionShot
* RedEyesTakeWarning: Sam has yellow ones in the film itself, but most artwork (like the above) depicts him with red.
%%* TheScourgeOfGod
* ScreamDiscretionShot: Willie and the barbecue girl's deaths.
%%* SealedEvilInACan
%%* ShellShockedVeteran: Jed.
* ShoutOut: Jed repeats the blind veteran's speech about being trapped under frozen bodies in a foxhole from ''Film/ManiacCop2'' almost exactly. The film [[FadeToBlack "shattering" to black]] is also reference to ''Film/CityOfTheLivingDead''.
* ShutUpHannibal:
-->'''Sam:''' Take a good look at me, soldier. You... [[NeverMyFault you made me into this]].
-->'''Jed:''' No... you never fought for your country. [[TerroristWithoutACause You just killed for the love of killing!]] You're nothing! So just die!
%%* SlashedThroat: Sergeant Twining's death.
%%* SleazyPolitician: Congressman Cummings.
* SociopathicSoldier: Sam was this before his death to a point he was more of a mercenary then a soldier, and he only got worse when he rose from the grave.
* SpiritualSuccessor: To the ''Film/ManiacCop'' trilogy, especially by how it shows Sam in his coffin. ''MC'' trilogy ended with Matt Cordell being inside his.
* TheStoner: The girl manning the barbecue, who tries to sneak away to smoke cannabis, but is caught.
%%* StuffBlowingUp: The fireworks show going out of control.
%%* SurvivorGuilt: Jed.
%%* TerribleTrio: Jesse, Clete and Rick.
* TitleDrop: Since the killer is named Sam, and he's the main character's uncle, this of course happens a lot.
%%* TitleIn: Done three times.
* TrashcanBonfire: Jody uses one to dispose of his toys right before the credits.
* UncleSamWantsYou: ... ''Dead!''
* UnnecessaryRoughness: It's just a sack race, Jesse.
* UnwillingSuspension: Clete is hung from a flagpole.
* ThereIsNoKillLikeOverkill: After snapping a sergeant's neck, Sam shoots the corpse several times, killing the nearby major due to the bullets ripping through it.
%%* VaderBreath
* VillainOpeningScene: Sam killing the sergeant and major who find his crashed helicopter in Kuwait.
* WaitHere: Barry is in a wheelchair and all...
* WarIsHell: Jed tries to talks Jody out of his plans of joining the military by telling him how horrible war is.
* WhatHappenedToTheMouse: So, along with the sergeant and the major, did Sam kill the other soldiers who found him, or what?
* WhenTheClockStrikesTwelve: Sam rises from his coffin at exactly midnight.


text:
Non-profits worry about impact of Wall St. downturn on charitable Freeman Foundation
09/24/08 5:56PM By John Dillon
| Download MP3
(Host) Vermont's non-profit organizations are worried that the downturn on Wall Street may mean that a major donor has less money to spend.
The groups are concerned about the Freeman Foundation, which has spent tens of millions of dollars on Vermont projects.
The foundation - which has offices in Stowe -was heavily invested in American International Group.
VPR's John Dillon reports:
(Dillon) A very direct family connection ties the Freeman Foundation to the American International Group, the massive insurance company that's at the center of this month's global economic collapse.
One of the original founders of AIG was Mansfield Freeman, a former university teacher in China who in the early 1900s branched out into the insurance business. Freeman set up a charitable foundation funded in large part with AIG stock.
Mansfield Freeman had ties to Vermont; his son and grandson have lived part of the year in Stowe. They don't want to talk about the foundation's current health.
The Freeman Foundation reported assets in 2006 of $1.1 billion. It has literally helped maintain the architecture and the landscape of Vermont.
One of its main missions is to fund historic preservation and land conservation. The Preservation Trust of Vermont has been a major recipient. Paul Bruhn is executive director.
(Bruhn) ``And they have granted over $10 million to us, which has been re-granted to local historic preservation projects around the state. And that's played a very key role in over $125 million in actual rehabilitation work. So it's had a huge impact.''
(Dillon) The Vermont Land Trust has also received millions of dollars. According to the land trust, the foundation has committed $65 million since 1994 to land conservation efforts.
The foundation's work has also spread far beyond land and historic preservation. It contributed $25 million to the University of Vermont's capital campaign. It's paid for scholarships at Middlebury College and at nursing schools in Vermont. In 2006, Sharon High School got $150,000 from the foundation.
The foundation's other main focus is on projects in Asia. And in recent years, the foundation's contributions in Vermont have started to decline.
And now there are questions about how the stock market downturn has affected the foundation's major asset of AIG stock.
The non-profit foundation has to disclose its finances in public tax returns. At the end of 2006 - the last year the tax returns are available for public inspection - the foundation owned about 11 million shares of AIG. At that time, the AIG stock was worth about $787 million, at $70 a share. Today, that stock is worth about $36 million, at roughly $3.30 a share.
Non-profit groups that have come to rely on the Freeman money might be worried. Felipe Rivera is with the Vermont Community Foundation in Middlebury.
(Rivera) "I can't imagine that some non-profits are not going to see a real disruption in their work because they've been significant recipients of funding from Freeman.''
(Dillon) Rivera says non profit organizations, just like investors, need to diversify their portfolio. And, he says, they need a broad range of potential donors as well.
(Rivera) "You know, diversify your funding sources so that you're not dependent on any one funder or a very small group of funders to support the good work that you're doing.''
(Dillon) The tax returns show that the Freeman Foundation has begun to diversify its portfolio. In 2006, it sold about $180 million worth of AIG stock.
It's not known if the company continued to diversify. The foundation prefers to keep a low profile. Trustee Houghton Freeman declined to comment for this report.
Mark Diamond is vice president of development and alumni relations at the University of Vermont. He says it's too early to say what the stock market's impact will be on the foundation's charitable work. He says philanthropists often remain committed to their work despite financial pressures.
(Diamond) ``So when times are bad and perhaps their assets drop, their commitment doesn't go away and often what I've seen is people will actually make that decision to provide let's say a higher portion of their income to philanthropy because those are really important commitments.''
(Dillon) The AIG wealth helped fund another foundation that's made an impact in Vermont. The CV Starr Foundation - named for another company founder - has pledged $8 million to Middlebury College. As of 2006, most of the Starr money was invested in AIG stock.
For VPR News, I'm John Dillon in Montpelier.


text:
Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2004
Location: Pittsburgh
Posts: 6
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
|Thread Tools
|Rate Thread
not to hi jack the thread but,
it seems that having a t-case failure before 100k is norm, my wifes has 73k on hers.
and i don't want to have to pull the sub-frame with the engine sitting on it out of the car in the driveway.. just to get to the t-case..
also it's an 04
Last year, the transfer case on my 2004 Murano failed. The car was out of warranty, and Nissan refused to reimburse me, even though there are dozens of cases reported nationally.
Less than a year later, the new transfer case that Nissan installed is leaking. Nissan agreed to repair the problem, and replaced a seal on the transfer case.
One month later, Nissan has verified that the newest repair needs to be repaired again. The newly installed seal is leaking.
Nissan issued an advisory to its dealers describing this problem, and recommending that they only repair it under warranty.
I am very disappointed in the quality of the drivetrain of this vehicle, and am very uncomfortable driving it.
Most tranfer cases only have to have the fluid drained then refilled with new fliud. On very rare cases I have seen the chain stretch or break. I my self have not seen that much go wrong with that auto repair.
|Thread Tools
Show Printable Version Show Printable Version
Email this Page Email this Page
|Rate This Thread
|Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts
BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On


text:
NDS's XTV DVR Technology Powers Bookable Promos Service for Sky New Zealand
Interactive TV and conditional access technology provider, NDS, said Wednesday that it has leveraged its XTV DVR technology to develop a bookable promos service for New Zealand pay-TV provider, Sky Television.
Dubbed "Record Me," the new service, which is scheduled to launch July 6th, is billed by NDS as enabling viewers to book-to-record movies, individual programs or an entire series direct to their DVR with the push of a button (the green button), while watching a trailer for a movie or show--whether immediately or weeks in advance (note: viewers are alerted to the availability of the feature via an on-screen prompt). According to the company, the service can also be used during an ad break to enable viewers to receive more details about a specific ad by pressing the same button. "The launch of Record Me has been made possible thanks to NDS's experience in advanced DVR solutions combined with its systems integration expertise," Sky Television's director of technology, Charles Ingley, said in a prepared statement. "Sky Television continually invests and innovates for the benefit of our subscribers, enhancing their TV viewing experience." Added Peter Iles, general manager of NDS Australia and New Zealand: "Since the launch of Sky Television's first DVR in 2005, we have continuously worked with Sky to enhance the DVR functionality. This latest collaboration, which provides cutting-edge services, reaffirms Sky's position as an innovator in the provision of advanced digital TV services in the country."
According to NDS, it has deployed 28 million units of its XTV technology worldwide.


text:
Back in December I did a story on how animal activists have been working to get malls across the country to sever ties with pet stores in favor of rescue group"stores", in the hopes of putting a stop to puppy mills and helping more rescue animals find homes.I was surprised when readers started commenting that they ended up getting a dog at a pet store, knowing they were supporting puppy mills, because they'd been denied by rescue groups to adopt dogs. They cited restrictive rescue polices, in … [Read more...]
Search Results for: macerich
Are pet adoption rules too restrictive? And is a pet store your only other option?
Setting the record straight on Barkworks, puppy mills and the work of CAPS
Last week I told you that back in October, Macerich has banned the sale of live animals at 70 of its malls nationwide in response to protests from animal rescue groups. My post was based on a story at GlobalAnimal.org and some press materials from Best Friends Animal Society in regards to a lawsuit they filed.I heard back immediately from Deborah Howard, President of Companion Animal Protection Society, who wanted to share some information to help clarify and expand the … [Read more...]
Pet sales banned at malls nationwide; rescue stores begin to replace pet shops
Even though the story broke in October, it's still making the rounds on Facebook - just in time for Christmas: retail developer Macerich announced that it will no longer allow pet stores that sell animals in more than 70 malls nationwide. According to a story from October at GlobalAnimal.org, "This new humane policy designed to break the puppy mill business chain is taking effect nationwide within 30 days. Macerich confirmed that they will not renew the leases of existing pet stores that sell an … [Read more...]


text:
|Patriots Look Poised For Another Super Bowl Run
|Bruins Trade For Drew Stafford
|Black and Gold Bruins Turn Yellow On Parade Day
|Inconsistency Will Continue For Bruins Unless A Change Is Made
LeBron James may be the league MVP and his team may be in the middle of a dominating postseason run, but in typical Boston fashion let's gloat about one of our guys. The subject of conversation: Avery Bradley.
The Celtics guard was recently voted to the NBA's second all-defensive team after receiving ten first team votes and five second team votes. This tally gave Bradley more total voting points (two points per first place vote, one per second) than both Tyson Chandler and Joakim Noah, the centers on the first team. Going into an offseason filled with questions, Bradley and his defensive tenacity provide a sense of stability for the C's.
Looking a little further down the line, Bradley will be a restricted free agent following the 2013-2014 campaign. So, barring an injury, expect next season's Bradley to show just how essential an asset he can be to a team and, hopefully, earn a long term deal with the Celtics.
To put Bradley's abilities into perspective, at 22, he is the youngest member of either all-defensive team this year. Plus, he received the honor after playing (and starting) in just 50 games. Mainstays on the league's top defenders list like Kobe Bryant and Dwight Howard both played 75+ games and ended with defensive stats on par with career averages. Regardless, the two had ten fewer voting points than Bradley combined and were absent from first and second team alike.
In comparison to last season, Bradley played fourteen fewer games in 2012-2013, recording seven more minutes per game and twenty-one more total steals. So, while vets like Kobe and Howard continue to produce on the defensive end, it appears that the coaches voted for Bradley based on the shear prowess and impact he brings to that side of the ball. There is no reason to believe Bradley's defensive production will fall off soon, especially if he continues to look to "shut everybody down," every time he takes the floor.
In terms of on-court synergy, Bradley is like the security blanket Tony Allen provided for the 2008 championship team: a consistent defensive stopper that reduces chances of a scorer/star (Paul Pierce, Rajon Rondo, Ray Allen in the past) getting in foul trouble. That Celtics team, and all teams since, were based on defense, and to quote Kevin Garnett, "grit and balls".
Bradley is synonymous with this style of play, as exemplified by his performance in the Game 6 comeback against the Knicks. Despite the eventual result of the game, a previously struggling Bradley served as a catalyst to continue closing the once near-thirty point deficit. It would appear that hanging out with Pierce and KG for three years has rubbed off on Bradley a little bit.
The biggest criticism of Bradley is his offensive game, which gains more attention on a regular basis than does his defense. He is seen as limited and inconsistent and Doc Rivers has often benched him in crunch time. However, his in-your-face on-ball defense leads to takeaways, fast breaks, and high percentage shots for himself and teammates.
The loss of Rondo this season forced Bradley to play out of position at times as the team's primary ball handler. Bradley is not a true point guard and excels when moving without the ball. Bradley has shown the ability to catch-and-shoot from the corner off of a kick-out and is adept at sharp cuts to the paint for easy scores. When the Celtics get healthy or choose to rebuild Bradley should be able to return to his natural offensive role as an off-ball guard.
The assumed formula for success in today's NBA is combining multiple superstars in hope that they will gel together. Still, without sufficient support from guys like Bradley, a team will never be complete. He not only puts relentless pressure on opposing teams but also relieves pressure for his teammates with his honey badger-esque play.
The quality of a team can expose and outperform star power and athleticism- Exhibit A: the current playoff runs of the Memphis Grizzlies and Indiana Pacers. The Celtics have enough to rebuild without out blowing it up and, with Bradley as part of a young nucleus, are at least one piece closer to Banner 18.


text:
The 2013 University of North Carolina men's lacrosse media guide is now available online at GoHeels.com. Fans can download their own copies as pdf files here.
The media guide contains complete bios of the 2013 team and coaches as well as a complete history of the program and a full records section.


text:
© 2012 American City Business Journals. All rights resereved. Use of this Site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (updated 3/14/12) and Privacy Policy (updated 3/14/12).
The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of American City Business Journals.
Forums: Admins | Moderators
Lacrosse news straight to your inbox.
Saturday April 26th, 2014 8:15am
(Inside Lacrosse Photo: John Mecionis)
The fourth installment of the Battle at Bethpage featured longtime Ivy League rivals Cornell and Princeton in a game with league postseason implications on the line. Under the sunny skies and spring conditions, the 4,500 in attendance were treated to an incredible lacrosse game. This was a wild game that saw the lead tied up seven times with an additional seven lead changes. Offense was in abundance with effort plays making a difference across the field and good goaltending on both sides.
In the end, it was Cornell who came out on top 12-10 over the Tigers. With Harvard defeating Yale, the Big Red are the second seed in the Ivy League Tournament later this week.
Firewagon Lacrosse
From the get-go, this was going to be a high-scoring affair with the Ivy League's top two scoring units on the same field. The speed in which the goals were scored was exhausting for even the scorekeepers in the pressbox to keep. That is because many scoring opportunities came in unsettled, transition situations. Back and forth, back and forth the action went with defensive stops turning into points the other way. There were also five occurrences in which goals were scored right off the face-off or seconds after a scrum at the dot. It is the kind of game that the fans and players love to be a part of.
"It's awesome," said Cornell sophomore John Edmonds. "That is the type of lacrosse you love to play. Up and down, back and forth. Defense makes a stop, come back the other way, offense scores. Goals and faceoffs, which is awesome. There is no better way to play lacrosse than an up-and-down pace like that."
Interim head coach Matt Kerwick explained this is Big Red lacrosse at its best.
"We like to run and that is the way we play at Cornell," said Kerwick. "It can sometimes get a little sloppy, a little bit frantic, but you have to be able to hold onto the ball a little bit better and savor the ball a little bit better than we did today. But that is the style that we like to play and that is where we are most comfortable: playing aggressively on defense, taking some chances in transition, and going at their defense constantly."
Adding to the experience were the 4,500 fans in attendance. Orange and red patches were scattered across the stands in what was supposed to be a Princeton home game. However, the Big Red faithful traveled well and were boisterous from start to finish. Edmonds noted afterwards that the players took notice of their supporter's energy.
"It is amazing to see the Cornell fan base we get, especially in games in New York and games around the city," he said. "We have a great following and our fans are just amazing."
While both teams took advantage of the quick pace of the game, it seemed Princeton had the edge in the first half. Their zone defense was confusing the Cornell shooters, who struggled to hit the net early (only five of 13 first quarter shots were on target). Tiger's goaltender Eric Sanschagrin also played a solid 60 minutes, making 13 total saves on Saturday.
To generate better scoring chances, Cornell changed their formation at halftime. They moved two attackman in the crease and put their midfielders on the wings. The plan was to attack the wings while the attackmen curled to find the seams inside. The strategy worked as Edmonds and Litner scored three of the team's first four goals in the third quarter. Edmonds finished with three goals, his sixth hat-trick of the season.
"Johnny Edmonds is just a great lacrosse player," said Kerwick. "He is very smart, he is intelligence with the way he plays, he is consistent and he finishes the ball when he gets the opportunity. He does not try to do too much but lets the game come to him. He is going to be one of our keys for the next two and a half years."
Since their three loss week to Harvard, Syracuse and Hofstra, Cornell has focused on improving their shooting. The games that have followed have seen the Big Red take smarter shots from higher scoring areas. With the Ivy League Tournament this week, Kerwick believes it is the most important aspect for a championship caliber team.
"We have been harping on the shooting in practice and working on it more," he explained. "At this time of year, that is what you need to dial in. The teams that make a run to the Final Four are the team's that are shooting the ball well."
The Tesoriero Effect
With so many momentum swings during the game, the face-off battle became a crucial component. Both drawmen, Doug Tesoriero and Justin Murphy, deserve credit for their hard work at the dot. It was crazy and thrilling to see how much offense was generated following a skirmish at the restart. While the Tigers won 14-of-26 for the game, Tesoriero was influential in keeping possession balanced, never allowing Murphy or Princeton to go on a serious run.
"Doug really turned the game for us," said Kerwick. "He was crucial at the face-off X. That was a battle. Their guys did a nice job against Doug. He just kept fighting. Even when we lost a couple, he would come back and win the next one for us."
The senior FOGO also added two assists and scooped up eight groundballs. Both helpers were earned from great individual plays that resulted in long pole Marshall Peters putting the ball in the back of the net twice (more on that below). It was easy to see how energized his teammates looked on the Cornell bench. Edmonds described Tesoriero's role and how he betters Cornell.
"Doug is amazing," said Edmonds. "He can really spark our team. With that one pitch-and-pop, he can comes down, passes it, and boom, it's a goal. That is a big momentum swing. He is great for our team and we need him to get that spark and get our team going."
Peters, Knight lead Defense
Coming into Saturday, the coaching staff's goal was to limit a Princeton offense that was averaging 12.17 goals per game. The defense accomplished this by staying aggressive on the Tiger's ball carriers, especially on Tom Schreiber, who was forced to move the ball whenever he drove the lane and was held to four shots. In fact, most of Princeton's goals came in the transition game. They did score at even strength, but as the game went on, the Tigers efficiency waned, especially in the fourth quarter.
The key play of the game occurred with about 5:21 remaining in the third quarter. After a blocked shot in Cornell's end, there was a massive scrum for the groundball. Eventually, the ball was kicked loose and was rolling to the far sideline where it intersected with the half line. Freshman defender Marshall Peters raced after it, then, instead of trying to scoop it back into his own zone, he pushed it forward across the restraining line. This allowed attackman Matt Donovan to box out his defender, pick up the ball, then dash forward towards the crease and score on a diving shot past Sanschagrin. This gave Cornell their first two-goal lead of the game and breathing room down the stretch.
"Those are what we call our Boiardi stats and they are very important to us," explained Kerwick, who was referencing the late Cornell player George Boiardi. "The hustle plays, the plays in-between the restraining lines where guys are diving around and keeping the ball alive, coming up with key groundballs. Those are extremely important for us and that is why we have 11 wins on the season."
After Princeton cut the lead to one before the quarter ended, Donovan added his second of the game in the fourth to make it a 12-10 game. For the remaining 8:21 of the contest, the moment belonged to Knight and the defense. The unit caused nine turnovers and won the groundball war 34-26.
Peters had a marvelous game, scoring his first two collegiate goals and adding three groundballs along with a caused turnover. "The consistency in which he plays and how hard he plays is really impressive for a young guy,"" Kerwick said.
The MVP of the game was Cornell's freshman goalkeeper. He made a career-high 16 saves, including six in the fourth quarter and 11 in the second half. As the season has progressed, Kerwick has been impressed by Knight, especially by his composure in the crease.
"Nothing really gets to him," said the interim head coach. "If he lets a couple in, it does not bother him. It is impressive to see as a young guy. He does not get rattled. For him to have the game that he had today against the shooters that Princeton has was key for our win."


text:
Fox Business Removes Bush From The Economy
Blog ››› ››› ZACHARY PLEAT
Fox Business host Gerri Willis made sure her viewers could not fault President Bush for state of the economy.
Asking her viewers who they blamed for "America's jobs crisis," Fox Business offered the following choices:
Washington Monthly's Steve Benen provides a useful chart illustrating job losses and gains each month since the start of the recession - the red bars chart the millions of jobs lost during the final months of the Bush administration:
And according to the results of a June NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll, Americans are more likely to hold Bush accountable than President Obama "for the country's current economic conditions."
But Fox viewers can't hold Bush accountable if they don't have the option.
- Posted In
- Economy, Jobs, Wages, & Unemployment
- Network/Outlet
- Fox Business
- Person
- Gerri Willis
- Show/Publication
- The Willis Report
We've changed our commenting system to Disqus.
Instructions for signing up and claiming your comment history are located here.
Updated rules for commenting are here.
Instructions for signing up and claiming your comment history are located here.
Updated rules for commenting are here.


text:
Fences with flair
Editor's pick / special mention
Decorative metal panels, allowed to rust naturally, dress a once-plain wooden fence. Lighting behind the panels extends outdoor entertaining into evening and adds drama to the space.
Design: Tyler Manchuck, Jamie Morf, and Ive Haugeland, Shades of Green Landscape Architecture, Sausalito, CA (shadesofgreenla.com or 415/332-1485).
Around The Web


text:
- 3 total posts
- 3 questions
Questions from Tim85
Haircut After Rhinoplasty - Brushed Nose? (photo)
Hi I I'm currently 16 days post op after my rhinoplasty and today I decided to get my hair cut. The barber cut my hair great but he used a brush to brush my face of any bits of... READ MORE
Left Nostril Not Fully Healed? (photo)
Hi guys, I'm 24 days post op after having an open rhino with alar base reduction . So far I'm pleased with the results but my left nostril appears to be not fully connected to... READ MORE
Scar After Septo/alar Base Reduction? (photo)
Good morning from the UK. I hope you are all well? So I'm 7 weeks and 4 days post op. as of about 10 days ago I Noticed my right nostril had some kind of a bump on it. I... READ MORE


text:
Saturated Fat and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: a Fresh Look at the Evidence
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3393-4
- Cite this article as:
- Micha, R. & Mozaffarian, D. Lipids (2010) 45: 893. doi:10.1007/s11745-010-3393-4
- Citations
- 13k Downloads
Dietary and policy recommendations frequently focus on reducing saturated fatty acid consumption for improving cardiometabolic health, based largely on ecologic and animal studies. Recent advances in nutritional science now allow assessment of critical questions about health effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA). We reviewed the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lipid and non-lipid risk factors, prospective cohort studies of disease endpoints, and RCTs of disease endpoints for cardiometabolic effects of SFA consumption in humans, including whether effects vary depending on specific SFA chain-length; on the replacement nutrient; or on disease outcomes evaluated. Compared with carbohydrate, the TC:HDL-C ratio is nonsignificantly affected by consumption of myristic or palmitic acid, is nonsignificantly decreased by stearic acid, and is significantly decreased by lauric acid. However, insufficient evidence exists for different chain-length-specific effects on other risk pathways or, more importantly, disease endpoints. Based on consistent evidence from human studies, replacing SFA with polyunsaturated fat modestly lowers coronary heart disease risk, with ~10% risk reduction for a 5% energy substitution; whereas replacing SFA with carbohydrate has no benefit and replacing SFA with monounsaturated fat has uncertain effects. Evidence for the effects of SFA consumption on vascular function, insulin resistance, diabetes, and stroke is mixed, with many studies showing no clear effects, highlighting a need for further investigation of these endpoints. Public health emphasis on reducing SFA consumption without considering the replacement nutrient or, more importantly, the many other food-based risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is unlikely to produce substantial intended benefits.
KeywordsCardiovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Diet Nutrition Saturated fatty acids Fatty acids
Body mass index
Coronary heart disease
C-reactive protein
Cardiovascular disease
Flow-mediated dilatation
Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test
Glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBA1c
Glycosylated hemoglobin
High-density lipoprotein
Homeostasis model assessment
Linoleic acid
Low-density lipoprotein
Monocyte chemoattractant protein
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Pulse wave velocity
Randomized controlled trial
Saturated fatty acids
Total cholesterol
Trans fatty acids
Tumor necrosis factor
Unsaturated fatty acids
Women's Health Initiative
Percentage of total energy intake
Reducing the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is a pillar of international dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1, 2, 3]. The World Health Organization and the US Dietary Guidelines recommend consuming less than 10%E (percentage of total energy intake) from SFA [4], and the American Heart Association less than 7%E [3]. The strong focus on SFA as a risk factor for CVD originated in the 1960s and 1970s from lines of evidence including ecologic studies across nations, short-term metabolic trials in generally healthy adults assessing total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and animal experiments that together appeared to provide consistent support that SFA intake increased the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
However, several critical questions have remained about the relationship between SFA consumption and CVD risk. First, do health effects of reducing SFA consumption vary depending on whether the replacement nutrient is carbohydrate (CHO), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)? A historical emphasis on low fat diets has produced drops in SFA consumption in the US and many other nations, but with concomitant increases in CHO, rather than MUFA or PUFA, as the replacement nutrient [1]. Is there strong evidence to support this dietary strategy? Second, do health effects of SFA vary depending on the chain-length, i.e. comparing 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-carbon SFA? Current dietary recommendations generally focus on overall SFA consumption, without strong attention on specific SFA. Third, what is the relationship between SFA consumption and risk of stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus? Historically, research on SFA has focused largely on CHD.
To elucidate the effects of SFA consumption on CVD risk based on the most current evidence, we reviewed the data from RCTs of multiple risk factors, large prospective cohort studies of disease endpoints, and RCTs of disease endpoints. When sufficient evidence was available, we particularly focused on the potentially different health effects of varying the replacement nutrient; of different chain-length SFA; and of specific effects on CHD, stroke, and diabetes.
Two investigators independently reviewed the literature for English-language articles published through Sep 2009 by performing searches of Medline, hand-searching of citation lists, and direct contact with experts. Inclusion criteria were any RCT or observational study in adults evaluating SFA consumption and the risk of CHD, stroke, or type 2 diabetes and related risk pathways, including lipids and lipoproteins, systemic inflammation, vascular function, and insulin resistance (1,254 identified articles). Search terms included "saturated fat(s)", "lipoproteins", "inflammation", "blood pressure", "vascular function", "insulin resistance", "cardiovascular diseases", and "diabetes mellitus". We focused on identifying RCTs of major risk factors, large prospective cohort studies of disease endpoints, and RCTs of disease endpoints, given strengths of these designs and their complementary limitations. We excluded a priori animal experiments, ecological studies, commentaries, general reviews, and case reports. Studies were independently considered by the two investigators for inclusion; rare differences were resolved by consensus.
Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Lipids and Lipoproteins
Systemic Inflammation
Inflammation independently increases risk of CVD and diabetes [8, 9, 10, 11]. Compared with lipid effects, the influence of SFA consumption on inflammation is less well investigated, with mixed results. In a randomized cross-over trial, 20 healthy men consumed a high SFA (22%E SFA), a high MUFA (24%E MUFA), and a high CHO high PUFA (55%E CHO, 8%E PUFA) diet for 4 weeks [12]. At the end of each intervention period, participants were given a fat-rich breakfast (60%E fat) with similar fat composition to that of each diet. Consumption of a butter-rich breakfast (35%E SFA) had no effect on postprandial plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 or monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, compared with an olive oil-rich breakfast (36%E MUFA) or a walnut-rich breakfast (16%E PUFA) [12]. In another cross-over trial of 50 healthy men, consumption of low-chain SFA (12:0–16:0) for 5 weeks (8%E) had no effect on fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), or IL-6 levels; similar consumption of stearic acid (18:0) increased plasma levels of fibrinogen, but not of CRP or IL-6, compared with CHO [13]. Among hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 18), a one-month diet with 16.7%E from SFA (butter), compared with 12.5%E from PUFA (soybean oil), resulted in a trend toward higher macrophage production of TNF-α, without effects on IL-6 [14].
Observational studies investigating associations between SFA intake and markers of inflammation are limited [15, 16]. Among 4,900 US adults, dietary SFA intake was not cross-sectionally associated with CRP levels, after adjusting for other risk factors and lifestyle behaviors [15]. Other cross-sectional studies have been very small and/or not multivariable-adjusted [16]. Observational studies of circulating (e.g., plasma) or tissue (e.g., adipose) SFA levels [17, 18] are helpful for investigating effects of metabolism but not of SFA consumption, as circulating and tissue SFA are poorly reflective of dietary SFA due to endogenous synthesis and regulation by lipolysis, lipogenesis, and beta-oxidation [19, 20, 21, 22]. Overall, the limited and mixed evidence precludes strong conclusions about potential pro-inflammatory effects of SFA consumption.
Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Arterial Stiffness
Effects of dietary SFA on markers of vascular function including blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness are similarly not well characterized [23]. A few observational studies have evaluated SFA intake and incidence of hypertension, with mixed results [24, 25]. Among 30,681 US men followed for 4 years, no significant associations were seen between SFA intake and incident hypertension, after adjusting for age, body mass index, and alcohol consumption [24]. In contrast, among 11,342 US men in the MRFIT study, SFA intake was cross-sectionally positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, after adjusting for risk factors and lifestyle behaviors, although no adjustments were made for other dietary fats, CHO, or protein [25].
Effects of saturated fatty acids on blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in human feeding trials
SFA replaced by
Margetts et al. [26]
Blood pressure
6 weeks
18%E SFA versus 15%E PUFA
Puska et al. [27]
Blood pressure
12 weeks
11%E SFA versus 8%E PUFA
Sacks et al. [28]
Blood pressure
6 weeks
16%E SFA versus 14%E PUFA or 52%E CHO
Storm et al. [29]
Blood pressure
3 weeks
13%E 18:0 SFA versus 16%E 16:0 SFA or 51%E CHO
Piers et al. [30]
Blood pressure
4 weeks
24%E SFA versus 23%E MUFA
Sanders et al. [31]
Blood pressure
6 months
17%E SFA versus 17%E MUFA or CHOa
Uusitupa et al. [33]
Blood pressure
6 months
14%E SFA vs. 8%E PUFA, 11%E MUFA, or 53%E CHO
Lahoz et al. [32]
Blood pressure
5 weeks
Consecutive diets-non randomized
17%E SFA versus 21%E MUFA or 13%E PUFA
Rasmussen et al. [34]
Blood pressure
3 months
18%E SFA versus 21%E MUFA
de Roos et al. [35]
Endothelial function – FMD
4 weeks
23%E SFA versus 9%E TFA
Fuentes et al. [36]
Endothelial function – FMD
4 weeks
20%E SFA versus 22%E MUFA or 57%E CHO
Keogh et al. [37]
Endothelial function – FMD
3 weeks
19%E SFA versus 19%E MUFA, 10%E PUFA, or 65%E CHO
Sanders et al. [31]
Endothelial function – FMD
6 months
17%E SFA versus 17%E MUFA or CHOa
Keogh et al. [37]
Arterial stiffness – PWV
3 weeks
19%E SFA versus 19%E MUFA, 10%E PUFA, or 65%E CHO
Sanders et al. [31]
Arterial stiffness – PWV
6 months
17%E SFA versus 17%E MUFA or CHOa
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Effects of saturated fatty acids on insulin resistance in human feeding trials
Outcomes and results
SFA replaced by
Individuals Predisposed to Insulin Resistance
Christiansen et al. [42]
Obese (BMI 33.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2), type 2 diabetic, age 55 ± 3 years
Nine men; seven women
6 weeks
Three isocaloric diets: all 30%E fat, with 20%E from SFA, MUFA, or TFA
SFA versus MUFA: ↑ postprandial insulin by 78.9% and ↑ postprandial C-peptide by 41.8% (P < 0.05 for each)
SFA versus TFA: no significant effects on postprandial insulin and C-peptide
No significant effects on fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, or fasting and postprandial glucose with any diet
Vessby et al. [43]
Moderately overweight (BMI 26.5 ± 3 kg/m2), age 48.5 ± 7.8 years
86 men, 76 women
3 months
Two isocaloric diets: both ~37%E fat, with 17.6%E SFA, or 21.2%E MUFA; each group was further randomized to 3.6 g of either omega-3 fatty acids or olive oil
SFA versus MUFA: ↓ insulin sensitivity by 23.8% (P = 0.05), and ↑ insulin levels by 30.3% (P = 0.06) during a FSIGTT
No significant effects on acute insulin response, or glucose levels during a FSIGTT with either diet
Summers et al. [44]
Obese (BMI 37 ± 6 kg/m2), type 2 diabetic, age 53.7 ± 11 years
Eight men; nine women
5 weeks
Two diets: 42%E fat in SFA diet with 21%E from SFA, and 34%E fat in PUFA diet with 9%E from PUFA
SFA versus PUFA: ↓ insulin sensitivity by 20.3% (P = 0.02) during an euglycemic clamp
No significant effects on fasting glucose insulin, or triglycerides with either diet
Vega-Lopez et al. [45]
Hyperlipidemic (LDL-cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl), moderately overweight (BMI 26 ± 2.4 kg/m2), age 63.9 ± 5.7 years
Five men; ten women
5 weeks
Four isocaloric diets: all ~30%E fat, with 20%E from partially hydrogenated soybean (4.2%E TFA), soybean (12.5%E PUFA), palm (14.8%E SFA), or canola (15.4%E MUFA)
SFA versus PUFA, MUFA, or TFA: no significant effects on fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA
Paniagua et al. [46]
Obese (BMI 32.6 ± 7.8 kg/m2), insulin resistant (as assessed by OGTT), age 62.3 ± 9.4 years
Four men; seven women
28 days
Three isocaloric diets: 38%E fat and 47%E CHO in the two high-fat diets, with 23%E from SFA or MUFA, and 20%E fat and 65%E CHO in the low-fat diet (the latter as a replacement of SFA)
SFA versus MUFA: ↑ HBA1c (P < 0.01), ↑ fasting glucose by 9.6% (P < 0.05), ↑ HOMA by 17.2% (P < 0.01), ↑ fasting proinsulin by 26.1% (P < 0.05), no significant effects on postprandial glucose, postprandial insulin, or postprandial GLP-1
SFA vs. CHO: ↑ HBA1c by 6.3% (P < 0.01), ↑ fasting glucose by 9.3% (P < 0.05), ↓ postprandial glucose by 51% (P < 0.05), ↓ postprandial insulin by 53% (P < 0.05), ↑ postprandial GLP-1 by 134.6% (P < 0.05), no significant effects on HOMA or fasting proinsulin
No significant effects on fasting insulin or GLP-1, or the 60 min proinsulin:insulin ratio with any diet
Lithander et al. [47]
Hyperlipidemic (LDL 3.0–5.0 mmol/L), moderately overweight (BMI 25.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2), age 39.7 ± 13.9 years
18 men
3 weeks
Two isocaloric diets, both 38%E fat: 18%E SFA, 10%E MUFA and 7%E PUFA in the high SFA:USFA diet, and 13%E SFA, 12%E MUFA and 8%E PUFA in the low SFA:USFA diet
SFA versus PUFA + MUFA: No significant effects on fasting adiponectin
Healthy individuals
Schwab et al. [48]
Healthy, normal weight (BMI 21.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2), age 23.9 ± 1.2 years
11 women
4 weeks
Two isocaloric diets: all ~38%E fat, with 5%E from lauric acid (12:0 SFA), or 11.4%E from palmitic acid (16:0 SFA)
12:0 SFA versus 16:0 SFA: no significant effects on insulin, glucose, acute insulin response, or insulin sensitivity index during a FSIGTT with either diet
Fasching et al. [49]
Healthy, normal weight (BMI 22.4 ± 1.8 kg/m2), age 26 ± 3.5 years
8 men
1 week
Four isocaloric diets: 54%E fat and 35%E CHO in the three high-fat diets with 31.5%E from SFA, 28%E from PUFA and 22%E from MUFA, and 25%E fat and 64%E CHO in the high CHO diet
SFA versus PUFA, MUFA, or CHO: no significant effects on insulin, glucose, acute insulin response, or insulin sensitivity index during a FSIGTT with any diet
Louheranta et al. [50]
Healthy, normal weight (BMI 22.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2), age 22 ± 0.6 years
14 women
4 weeks
Two isocaloric diets: both ~38%E fat, with 18.5%E from SFA or MUFA
SFA versus MUFA: no significant effects on insulin, glucose, acute insulin response, or insulin sensitivity index during a FSIGTT with either diet
Perez-Jimenez et al. [52]
Healthy, normal weight (BMI 22.87 ± 2.45 kg/m2), age 23.1 ± 1.8 years
30 men, 29 women
28 days
Baseline 28-day high SFA diet followed by Two randomized cross-over periods; all isocaloric diets: 38%E fat and 47%E CHO in the two high-fat diets, with 20%E from SFA or 22%E from MUFA, and 28%E fat and 57%E CHO in the low-fat diet (the latter as a replacement of SFA)
SFA versus MUFA: ↑ fasting insulin by 134%, ↑ fasting free fatty acids by 40.5%, ↑ mean steady-state plasma glucose by 21.9%, ↓ in vitro basal glucose uptake by 61.3%, and ↓ in vitro insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 55.3% (P < 0.001 for each)
SFA versus CHO: ↑ fasting insulin by 119.7%, ↑ fasting free fatty acids by 40.5%, ↑ mean steady-state plasma glucose by 29%, ↓ in vitro basal glucose uptake by 57.1% %, and ↓ in vitro insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 55.9% (P < 0.001 for each)
No significant effects on fasting glucose with any diet
Lovejoy et al. [51]
Healthy, normal weight (BMI 23.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2), age 28 ± 2 years
12 men; 13 women
4 weeks
Three isocaloric diets: all 30%E fat, with 9%E from elaidic acid (TFA), oleic acid (MUFA), or palmitic acid (SFA)
SFA versus MUFA or TFA: no significant effects on insulin, glucose, acute insulin response, or insulin sensitivity index during a FSIGTT with any diet
Significant additional insight into effects of dietary fats on glucose-insulin homeostasis can be gained from long-term studies evaluating actual onset of diabetes. Among four large prospective cohort studies, none found independent associations between consumption of either SFA (Fig. 4) or MUFA and onset of diabetes [53, 54, 55, 56]. In contrast, three of four cohorts [54] observed lower incidence of diabetes with greater consumption of PUFA and/or vegetable fat [53, 55, 56]. In the large Women's Health Initiative trial (n = 45,887), SFA intake was reduced in the intervention group from 12.7 to 9.5%E over 8 years as part of overall total fat reduction, largely replaced with CHO [57]. In this large RCT, this significant reduction in SFA consumption had no effect on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance, or incident diabetes (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90–1.03).
Thus, some evidence from short-term RCTs suggests that SFA consumption in place of MUFA may worsen glucose-insulin homeostasis, especially among individuals predisposed to insulin resistance. However, several long-term observational studies and one large RCT suggest no effect of SFA consumption on onset of diabetes. Further confirmatory results of either harm or no effect in additional appropriately powered studies are needed given the present inconsistency of effects across all studies.
Weight Gain and Adiposity
The role of total dietary fat in obesity has been widely studied due to its high energy content (9 kcal/g) and subsequent potential for weight gain [58, 59, 60]. Based on RCTs of weight loss with balanced-intensity interventions (i.e., all individuals receiving similar guidance and follow-up, with only the specific dietary advice varying) and prospective observational studies of weight gain, the %E from total fat does not have strong effects on adiposity compared with overall quality and quantity of foods consumed. Evidence for independent effects of specific dietary fats such as SFA on weight gain or adiposity are much more limited. In two large prospective cohort studies, increases in SFA consumption were associated with very small increases in abdominal circumference [61] or body weight during 8–9 years follow-up [62] compared with CHO, after adjusting for other risk factors and lifestyle and dietary behaviors.
Relationships with Cardiovascular Events
Coronary Heart Disease—Prospective Cohort Studies
Most individual prospective cohort studies have not observed an independent relationship between SFA consumption and incident CHD [63, 64, 65, 66, 67]. The relatively small number of published studies, among the many available international cohorts, also raises concern for potential publication bias (i.e., additional unreported null studies). Two recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the first including 9 cohorts (11 estimates) evaluating 160,673 individuals [64], and the second including 16 cohorts among 214,182 individuals [68], found no significant association between SFA intake and CHD risk. Comparing the highest to the lowest category of consumption, the pooled RRs in these two meta-analyses were 1.06 (95% CI = 0.96–1.15) and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.96–1.19), respectively. These meta-analyses suggest no overall effect of SFA consumption on CHD events. However, these studies were unable to separately evaluate whether consuming SFA might have different effects on CHD events depending on the nutrient replaced, as would be suggested by differing effects of SFA, depending on the comparison nutrient, on blood lipids and apolipoproteins (Fig. 2).
Coronary Heart Disease—Randomized Controlled Trials
Eight RCTs have investigated the effects of consuming PUFA (either total or linoleic acid, LA) in place of SFA on CHD events [70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77]. Most of these trials individually found no significant effects. A recent meta-analysis of these RCTs, including a total of 13,614 participants with 1,042 CHD events, found that CHD risk was lowered by 10% for each 5%E greater PUFA intake replacing SFA [78] (Fig. 5). Many of these trials have important limitations, including for example not being double-blind; incompletely assessing compliance; randomizing sites rather than individuals and having open enrollment and drop-out; and/or including vegetable oils that contained omega-3 PUFA of plant origin that may provide cardiovascular benefits unrelated to decreased SFA intake. Nonetheless, the overall findings from these RCTs of CHD endpoints are consistent with the results from prospective cohorts (Fig. 5).
One large RCT has tested the effect of reducing SFA consumption, replaced largely with CHO, on CHD events. As described, the Women's Health Initiative trial randomized 46,558 women to lower total fat consumption, that included lowering of SFA consumption by ~3%E over 8 years, and largely replaced with CHO. Even though this was an unbalanced intervention (i.e., the intervention group received extensive dietary counseling, whereas the control group received usual care) that would generally bias toward risk-reduction in the intervention group, there were no significant effects on either incident CHD (RR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.83–1.05) or total CVD (RR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.89–1.03) [79]. This absence of benefit for substituting SFA with CHO is consistent with expected effects based on lipid changes (TC:HDL ratio) or observed relationships in prospective cohort studies (Fig. 5).
Stroke: Prospective Cohorts and Randomized Controlled Trials
Among five prospective cohort studies evaluating SFA consumption and incidence of stroke, one of three found SFA to be associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke [80, 81, 82], and one of three found SFA to be associated with lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke [80, 83, 84]. Four prospective cohorts have also observed protective associations between animal protein intake, that is often consumed together with SFA, and risk of hemorrhagic stroke [85]. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of eight prospective cohorts also found that SFA consumption was associated with trends toward lower risk of stroke: comparing the highest to the lowest category of SFA intake, the RR was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.62–1.05) [68]. In the Women's Health Initiative trial, reduction in SFA consumption did not have a significant effect on incident stroke over 8 years (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.90–1.17) [79]. Thus, overall, SFA consumption does not appear to increase the risk of stroke, and in fact some studies suggest a protective effect. Further investigation of these effects, including independence from potential benefits of animal protein intake, is warranted.
Future Research Directions
The multiple well-designed studies reviewed herein provide substantial evidence for health effects of SFA consumption. However, important questions remain. Although replacement of SFA with CHO appears to provide no overall CVD benefit, indirect lines of evidence suggest that effects could vary depending on overall CHO quality [86, 87, 88]. For example, replacing SFA with less processed, higher fiber, lower glycemic index CHO could provide benefit, whereas replacing SFA with more processed, lower fiber, higher glycemic index CHO might have no effects or even be harmful. Effects of replacing SFA with CHO could also vary with an individual's susceptibility to insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome, in whom adverse metabolic effects of highly refined CHO may be more pronounced. Evidence for effects of replacing SFA with MUFA is mixed. Such effects could vary depending on other constituents in MUFA-containing foods (e.g., animal fats vs. vegetable oils), for example due to potentially beneficial phytochemicals and flavanols contained in the latter but not the former. Each of these issues requires direct investigation. Additionally, whereas the substantial differences in blood lipid effects of different chain-length SFA are clear, blood lipids represent only one set of intermediate risk markers. Investigation of the effects of different chain-length SFA on other risk pathways and, more importantly, on disease endpoints is urgently needed to determine the extent to which dietary and policy recommendations should focus on specific SFA rather than overall SFA consumption. Additional investigation of effects of SFA consumption on blood pressure, endothelial function, insulin resistance, diabetes, and stroke (plus stroke subtypes) is also needed, including consideration of potential variation depending on both the replacement nutrients and specific chain-length SFA under consideration. Future research should also evaluate the health effects of specific foods consumed, i.e., SFA intake from different meats versus dairy versus tropical fats, as well as how individual factors, such as age, sex, lifestyle factors, predisposition to insulin resistance, or genetic variation, may alter such responses.
Current public health dietary recommendations often prioritize the reduction of SFA consumption to prevent CVD. A review of the current evidence, particularly findings from well-performed RCTs of risk pathways, large prospective cohorts of disease endpoints, and RCTs of disease endpoints, suggests that this focus may not produce the intended benefits. First of all, substantial evidence indicates that health effects of reducing SFA vary depending on the replacement nutrient. Based on the best evidence from human studies, replacing SFA with PUFA (e.g., vegetables, vegetable oils) lowers CHD risk, whereas replacing SFA with CHO has no benefits. Replacing SFA with MUFA has uncertain effects, based on mixed evidence within and across different research paradigms. Of note, the effects of replacing SFA with PUFA or CHO, but not MUFA, on clinical CHD endpoints could be relatively predicted from the effects of these nutrient substitutions on the TC:HDL-C ratio. Thus, policies that prioritize the reduction of SFA consumption without specifically considering the replacement nutrient may have little or no effects on disease risk, especially as the most common replacement in populations is often CHO.
Second, even under optimal replacement scenarios of SFA for PUFA, the magnitude of likely benefit warrants attention. RCTs of the blood TC:HDL-C ratio, prospective cohorts of disease endpoints, and RCTs of disease endpoints each converge on ~10% reduction in CHD events for 5%E substitution of SFA with PUFA. This approaches the maximal plausible risk reduction in most populations; in the US, for example, such benefit would require overall population decrease from the current 11.5 to 6.5%E SFA consumption. Thus, although recommendations to replace SFA with PUFA appear appropriate, the much larger CVD burdens caused by other dietary factors (e.g., low omega-3, low fruits and vegetables, high trans fat, and high salt) [89] appear to warrant much more attention. Finally, although investigation of individual nutrients provides important information on potential underlying mechanisms of health effects, people make decisions about eating whole foods that contain multiple macro- and micronutrients in various amounts. Thus, food-based scientific research and policy recommendations may be most relevant in the modern era to understand and reduce the pandemics of chronic disease occurring in nearly all nations.
Supported by the Searle Funds at The Chicago Community Trust and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation/World Health Organization Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. The founders had no role in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Conflict of interest statement
R. Micha has no conflicts of interest to declare. D. Mozaffarian received ad hoc consulting honoraria (modest) from Nutrition Impact, Unilever, and SPRIM.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


text:
many people shopping online these days,1
the Internet is an easy target for scam artists. The increase in frauds2
has resulted in legislation regulating companies conducting business online.3
California has a set of laws aimed specifically at Web merchants. Anyone selling (or attempting to sell) to a California citizen through the Web must comply with specific statutes intended to reduce the incidence of fraud. Not only must online merchants adhere to the same laws that a merchant in the real world must follow, but they must also comply with additional requirements. The first is that before any product can be sold, the vendor must state the legal name of the business, the full text of the vendor's return and refund policy and the street address where they conduct business. 4 A post office box may be used if certain other requirements are met. The disclosure may be made either on the website or via email.
1. The first screen displayed
when the site is accessed;
2. The screen where the goods are first offered;
3. The screen where an order is placed for the goods; or
4. The screen where the buyer enters payment.
The required information cannot be smaller or less legible than the offer of goods or services. The merchant must also state a method for the buyer to receive this information by email. The email disclosure must be made within five days of request. Webpages that advertise a toll-free phone number may implicate telemarketing laws depending on the individual state and its laws.
Failure to comply with these requirements can subject a vendor to a misdemeanor conviction in California5 and either six months in jail or a fine up to $1,000. California requires that all websites aimed at California consumers adhere to the requirements. As a result, some attorneys advise that all websites selling goods comply no matter where the vendor is located.6 Another way to avoid the law would be to include a disclaimer on the website stating that no sales will be made to citizens of California.
When tangible goods are sold
over the Web, California exerts other requirements as well. The Electronic
Commerce Act of 19847 demands that
businesses make certain disclosures to consumers which include:
1. The name, address and phone number of the webmaster (if different from the vendor of the goods);
2. Any extra charges imposed by use of the Web (rather than another medium for sale); and
3. Procedures for resolving complaints, including the telephone number and address of the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the Department Consumer Affairs.
Businesses should also consider their policies when it comes to collecting personal information for marketing purposes. Some websites aimed at children have demanded that users fill out an online form including name, email address, postal address and phone number before accessing other areas of the site. The Federal Trade Commission has examined this practice and is in the process of determining whether it violates privacy rights.8 It is considered good "netiquette" for websites that collect such personal information to disclose a policy regarding the circumstances under which the information is used. A Georgia Tech University study found that 70% of Americans refuse to register at Websites due to privacy concerns.9 No laws require private companies to have privacy policies,10 nor adhere to them if they do, but it is an important customer concern.
Businesses also do well to
consider the usefulness of databases prior to adding them to a website.
Online databases are occasionally used for purposes other than those intended.
One such instance arose when "spammers"11
began to harvest email addresses from DejaNews, a searchable online database
of USENET postings. Another insidious example is the reverse phone number
database that Yahoo! installed which allowed one to input a phone number
and find out the name of the person at the number. This feature was being
misused for negative purposes. Consumer complaints resulted in the removal
of this feature from the Yahoo! website.12
1 See Cyberscope, Newsweek, January 12, 1998 at 8 (stating that in 1997, online sales topped $1 billion).
2 The National Consumer League claims that Internet fraud has risen by 300%. Seehttp://www.fraud.org/ifw.htm.
3 Some applicable laws and regulations not discussed here may be found at the Software Publishers Association site: http://www.spa.org.
4 Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17538.
5 See discussion of jurisdictional issues, infra..
6 California Consumer Protection Law Extend to Internet Vendors, Cooley Godward LLP, September 10, 1997.
7 Cal. Civ. Code § 1789 et seq.
8 Seehttp://tap.epn.org/cme/pr970610.html.
9 Matthew Weinstock, Psssst... Want the Dope On What Turns Off Consumers?, Financial Service ONLINE, November, 1997, at 45.
10 While government Websites are required to display Privacy Act statements, OMB Watch claims that only 17% of such sites actually do carry adequate statements.
11 Companies using unsolicited email to market products and services.
never disabled the software though. At least two Websites other then Yahoo!
have software that allows surfers to use the Yahoo! database to search
by phone number.
2000 Timothy J. Walton
9515 Soquel Dr.
Suite 207
Aptos, CA 95003
Vox: (831) 685-9800
Fax: (650) 618-8687
send email
All Rights Reserved
2000 Timothy J. Walton


text:
ITworld.com –
I had planned for this to be a column comparing simple DSL bridges. These are the devices commonly called "modems" to make it easier for the mass market to understand what they do. After all, just about everyone knows what a modem is used for, and a bridge would be something entirely new. But, no matter how you slice and dice it, they are bridges, not modems. There's nothing to "modulate" or "demodulate" since both sides of the box are digital.
So, why am I not writing about bridges? Because my DSL has only been installed for a few days and I haven't had time to move between bridges and evaluate the differences properly.
OK, what IS this story about then?
DSL acquisition.
There are several companies competing for your DSL service. They provide the Internet connection at the other end of the line. But the signal itself travels over normal telephone lines, which means the Good Old Phone Company gets involved. My ISP is BellSouth Internet Services (formerly known as BellSouth.Net). My telephone company is BellSouth. One might conclude from this that getting DSL should be pretty easy. Not so fast!
According to the BellSouth "FASTACCESS" web site, I was able to get DSL service last May. I ordered it and had a due date of June 13th. I won't go into the blow-by-blow, but the service was finally turned up on October 4th and I received my "self install" kit on October 6th. BellSouth figures that their customers are too simple-minded to install an Ethernet device, so the only "self install" options are a PCI card or a USB device. Slots are more precious than gold around here, and I have never liked the idea of plugging something attached directly to my computer bus into the public phone network, so I elected to try the USB device.
The Alcatel Speed Touch USB arrived by UPS on October 6. It's cute little thing -- it looks like a aquamarine manta ray, with a long tail. The tail has a jack for the phone line and a USB plug at the end. Simple enough. The software SHOULD have been easy to install. Here, the plot takes its first twist. BellSouth provides NTS EnterNet 300 version 1.3. This software installs as a PPPoA (Point to Point Protocol over ATM) or PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet). The manual said to use PPPoA so I decide to try that. The first rude awakening was that version 1.3 doesn't support Symmetrical Multi-Processing (SMP). At least the installation software was smart enough to tell me this BEFORE it loaded into the OS and killed the system. Checking on the NTS web site (http://www.nts.com), version 1.4 is available and it DOES support SMP (and it improves support for Windows 2000). There are both a 30-day demo and a "buy it on-line" options on the web site. I downloaded the demo version. (It's only $29.95 to register, which I wound up doing a few days later.)
This version installed properly. I followed the instructions, installing the software before plugging in the USB device. Then I connected the USB to the computer and plugged the DSL line into the "tail". Guess what? It actually worked. Or, it did for about 20 minutes.
There are only two lights on the Speed Touch USB. One is labeled USB, the other ADSL. After 20 minutes, both lights went out. I tried switching over to PPPoE. No change. A check of the manual and some research on the web revealed that the USB port is limited to a half an amp of current. The Speed Touch USB is right at that limit. A warm boot did not bring the USB port back to life, only a cold boot -- either power or the reset button -- would. According to the documentation I found, this indicates that the USB is probably overloaded and shut down. I was able to keep the USB device up for about 3 hours once - by not touching the keyboard or mouse on my computer, and letting Win2K function as the NAT for the rest of the computers. As soon as I moved the mouse, KABLAM! The USB turned off again. I suppose I could build a new computer but that seems a trifle excessive.
If you check your calendar, you see that October 6 is a Friday. Naturally, all this occurred over the weekend. As soon as I was able, I called BellSouth to change from the USB device to an Ethernet device. Of course, in spite of the fact that I've already gotten one DSL device running, BellSouth insists that only a "professional installer" can install the Ethernet variety. (What am I, chopped liver?) I agree to pay the $150 for the installer to come out and install the DSL/Ethernet bridge.
Of course, when the installer shows up a few days later, he doesn't want to touch the Windows 2000 machine. I point him at one of the Windows 98 computers. He merrily installs the Ethernet drivers on the single CPU Windows 98 machine, attaches the computer directly to the Alcatel Speed Touch Home bridge, gets it running and leaves. Tthe first thing I do is shut down the software on the Windows 98 computer, move the bridge from a direct connection to the computer's Ethernet card to my Ethernet switch (swapping from a straight-through cable to a cross over cable). Since the Enternet software is already installed on the Windows 2000 server, I fire it up. I create a new connection and DSL comes up. I configure the NAT and the all the other computers now have access.
DSL service has been less than 100% reliable (we've had 2 outages of 4 hours so far) but it's growing so rapidly in this are, that's to be expected and, almost, forgiven.
Recommendations: (1) If your ISP allows you to do a self-install of an Ethernet based bridge, go for it (Earthlink/Mindspring does that). (2) If your ISP offers a USB device, think twice about it. (3) Get the service, be prepared for some outages, but enjoy the speed. As Tony the Tiger says, it's grrrrrrrrreat!
As for the future of DSL: it seems the favorite words from a DSL ISP are "we won't support you". If you ask Earthlink for the password to access your DSL bridge, they won't support you. If you use a device other than the one provided by the ISP, they won't support you. Run Windows 2000? They won't support you. Cross your T's before you dot your I's? They won't support you. One can only hope this will improve as the ISP's learn something about the other end of the business. Good luck!


text:
WATCH: Katy Perry & Bruno Mars Collaboration!?
iHeart Radio Music Festival performer Katy Perry said she'd love to do a collaborate with fellow performer, Bruno Mars! YES!!
Check out the photos of Katy Perry at the iHeartRadio Music Festival
She said, "When I grow up, I wanna be the female version of Bruno Mars, 'cause he's so wildly talented in showing everybody that he has so much diversity in him."


text:
Hi everyone!
I bought a 2004 E46 325ci Sport Convertible on Saturday :-) I upgraded from an MR2 Roadster that had given me a lot of touble over the 3/4 years that I owned it, so hopefully this one will be a bit better.
I had high expectations when buying this car, and so far it has lived up to them.
I'm doing this introductory post a bit late really, as I've already had to use the forums to ask about my suspension; I found out the day after I picked it up that one of the rear coil springs was snapped. Luckily the garage that sold me it (MCR in Bristol) is paying to fix it near me.
Well that's all, except to say one more thing, and that is that I probably can't offer much help/advice on BMW issues, but I can lend my OBDII reader to anyone nearby who might want to borrow it. So that offer is open to anyone near Basingstoke/Reading, and also anyone near Bristol/Bath as I'm up there every other weekend seeing my girlfriend.