text:
From the stunning skyline to the spectacle of Lan Kwai Fong, Hong Kong...read more
From the stunning skyline to the spectacle of Lan Kwai Fong, Hong Kong is full of world-class sights for travellers to see. But if you're looking for fun – to add a little 'do' to your 'see' – then look no further than Happy Wednesday at Happy Valley Racecourse, the city's trendiest headquarters for mouth-watering food, thirst-quenching beverages and thrilling excitement both on and off the track. There's nothing quite like a night at the races in Hong Kong!
Week in and week out, Happy Wednesday fans are treated to a full sensory experience, pairing the pulse-pumping entertainment of jousting jockeys with a weekly theme that is integrated into everything from live bands and interactive games to on-course decorations and a delicious, reasonably priced trackside menu. Come in the fall and you'll be treated to refreshing pints and a festive bratwurst for Oktoberfest – the largest outdoor beer festival in Hong Kong. Drop in during May, however, and it's all ratatouille and brie, as Happy Wednesday hosts the hugely popular French Nights. It's an extravaganza that's fit for Asia's world city, putting an international twist on a sport that has a rich heritage and cultural tradition for the city's people.
There's simply nowhere else in the world where you can experience such a seamless blend of racing and lifestyle in one event. Whether you're a local, an expat, or just visiting Hong Kong, there's truly something for everyone at Happy Wednesday!


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Evidence for Contributions of Gut Microbiota to Colorectal Carcinogenesis
- First Online:
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-012-0032-0
- Cite this article as:
- Culpepper, B.S.T. & Mai, V. Curr Nutr Rep (2013) 2: 10. doi:10.1007/s13668-012-0032-0
- Citations
- 1.1k Downloads
The contributions of the commensal gut microbiota to the maintenance of human health have long been contemplated. Whereas earlier studies were limited by an inability to analyze microbiota in sufficient depth, recent advances in the application of high throughput sequencing have allowed for an in-depth microbiota analysis in large numbers of individuals. Multiple lines of evidence have been generated that are supportive of an active role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis. Although no single microbe has yet been shown to be causally linked to CRC, contributions of the gut microbiota to colorectal carcinogenesis are evident. Further advances in the field, which should include prospective studies in high-risk cohorts, should generate the data needed to start translating findings into microbiota-based screening and prevention regimen that can help to reduce the burden of CRC.
KeywordsGut Flora Microbiota Microflora Commensal Carcinogenesis Neoplastic CRC Probiotics Prebiotics Colon Cancer Intestinal
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) remain among the most frequently observed and fatal malignancies worldwide. Genetic predispositions [1] and environmental exposures have been associated with increased CRC risk [2]. Nutrition and lifestyle habits, including exercise, have been suggested to contribute [3]. These factors can affect microbiota activities [4], which might present a mechanism for affecting CRC risk. Chronic inflammation and obesity, which both affect gut microbiota, also have been linked to CRC [5, 6]. A large body of evidence supports the idea that altering gut microbiota can change host physiology [7]. Abnormal immune responses toward commensal microbes are thought to contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is known to increase CRC risk [6]. Changes in host diet, especially the addition of fermentable dietary fiber (DF), can modulate the gut microbiota toward a more protective composition [8, 9].
In recent years, multiple lines of evidence have emerged that are supportive of a role of chronic infections and activities of normal gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis. We initially reviewed aspects of normal colorectal physiology, mucosal immune function, and changes occurring during CRC development that might provide a link to microbiota activities. We then summarized the evidence for associations between CRC and gut microbiota as well as some of the mechanisms that have been investigated.
Normal Gut Physiology
The large intestine is divided into the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum [10]. It is characterized by the presence of several layers, which include, beginning from the most apical layer, the mucosa (which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria), muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. In the healthy gut, commensal microbes are thought to be largely contained to the luminal contents, with some penetration into the mucus but little direct contact with the epithelial layer [11].
The large intestine has a large surface area due to crypts and microvilli. Intestinal crypts are composed mainly of absorptive epithelial cells and goblet cells, which secrete mucins. Progenitor cells multiply at the base of crypts and migrate up the crypt-villous axis. After reaching the luminal border, they are sloughed off as exfoliated colonocytes within at most a few days, resulting in a constant cell turnover. Maintenance of structural integrity of the epithelial layer is crucial to avoid leakage of luminal contents. Detailed studies in mice showed that the colonic epithelium provides three distinct layers of physical protection against luminal microbes. A 150-μM viscous mucus coating separated into a diffuse outer layer accessible to bacteria and a dense inner layer resistant to bacterial colonization exists atop a layer of intestinal epithelial cells [12]. Mucus primarily consists of heavily O-glycosylated proteins known as mucins. Mucins form oligomers, which retain water in the glycoprotein matrix [13]. The density of the mucus is thought to affect the ability of bacteria to penetrate [14].
Normal Commensal Gut Microbiota
The colon harbors up to one hundred trillion bacteria that constitute the commensal human gut microbiota [15]. The human microbiome contains up to 100-fold more genes than the human genome [16]. Microbial communities differ by anatomical site along the colon and their location within the lumen [17, 18]. Whereas the stomach and duodenum harbor roughly 101–103 organisms per milliliter of luminal contents, the small intestine and large intestine contain an estimated 104–107 and 1011–1012 organisms per milliliter, respectively [19].
Although most microbes exist in a beneficial balance within the host, opportunistic pathogens also can be present [16]. Whereas microbiota composition differs considerably between individuals, important microbial functions appear more conserved [20••]. Various functions have been attributed to the microbiota, including digestion of complex carbohydrates (such as those in DF), synthesis of vitamins, and modification of primary bile acids [21••]. Microbial products have been detected in the human metabolome, allowing for their analysis in urine or blood samples [22].
Microbiota varies greatly between body sites, and albeit to a lesser extent, within body sites between individuals [20••]. The gut microbiota is dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level [23••]. Variation increases at lower taxonomic levels, with thousands of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected [24]. However, some studies suggest the presence of a microbial core in the majority of individuals [24, 25]. The existence of three distinct enterotypes of microbial colonization pattern has been suggested [26••], but other studies seem to indicate that there is more of a continuum than a clearly distinct pattern.
Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been associated in studies with eczema and IBD [27, 28]. Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and celiac disease also have been linked with aberrant microbiota patterns [29, 30]. Obesity, which is associated with increased CRC risk, has received immense research interest regarding microbiota contributions [25, 31]. The microbiota can offer novel means for modifying energy balance and fat storage. Recent work in prospectively collected samples has linked distortions in normal gut microbiota establishment in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, a disease characterized by extensive intestinal inflammation [32].
Despite the accumulated wealth of evidence for correlations between various disease states and microbiota composition, the evidence for any causal links is sparse. The large variation in gut microbiota composition between individuals and within individuals over time indicates the requirement for large sample sizes. A nested case/control design, with a prospective collection of a series of microbiota samples from populations at increased risk for the disease of interest, offers the most efficient study design. While animal models have served us well to prove the general principle that microbes can contribute to disease states, the specific findings of microbiota contributions cannot be extrapolated to humans.
Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Colorectal cancer is thought to initiate in crypt stem cells that form aberrant crypt foci (ACF), regions of cell hyperproliferation at the base of intestinal crypts [33]. In rodent models, ACF, which are thought to be the earliest preneoplastic lesions, correlate with the prevalence of intestinal polyps [34]. Polyps, either adenomatous or hyperplastic, are precancerous legions characterized by hyperproliferation and lack of normal differentiation that vary in their genetic makeup and potential to progress to CRC [35].
The inappropriate activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, important for embryonic development and cell-cycle regulation, is thought to be a frequent initiating event in colorectal carcinogenesis. Various mutations in the APC gene have been established in familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP), a CRC syndrome [36]. Many colorectal tumors with intact APC have activating β-catenin mutations, demonstrating the ability of either type of mutation to induce hyper proliferation [37]. Since the initial description of the classic model of colorectal carcinogenesis [38], various specific mutations have been described. Mutations of KRAS and BRAF genes, a GTPase and a serine/threonine kinase, respectively, which activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, are frequently found in colorectal cancers [39, 40]. PI3KCA encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3), which is important for cell proliferation and survival, and has been found to be mutated in 32 % of colorectal cancers [41].
Mutations in CRC associated genes can affect cell turnover, mucin production, secretion of antimicrobial peptides, etc. Resulting changes in luminal conditions have the potential to affect gut microbiota composition and activities.
Epigenetic modifications have been shown to occur in response to environmental changes and thus also might correlate with activities of the gut microbiota. Loss of function in tumor suppressor genes due to promoter methylation has been observed frequently [42]. Inactivation of hMLH1 via promoter methylation leads to a condition known as microsatellite instability (MSI) and is associated with sporadic CRC [43]. CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) has been associated with hMLH1 methylation and MSI and is thought to contribute to MSI development.
Studies of potential associations between microbiota composition and methylation status are currently ongoing. Changing microbiota composition might help to reverse methylation patterns.
Risk Factors for CRC Offer Potential Links with Microbiota Composition
Common factors that influence CRC risk include physical activity, diet, family history, obesity, smoking, and aspirin use [2, 3]. Many risk factors associated with CRC, including African American heritage, can be linked to microbiota composition [9]. Thus, changes in microbiota activities might be a contributing factor to colorectal carcinogenesis.
The case for microbiota contributions is especially strong for DF. By definition, DF reach the proximal largely undigested and form an important substrate for microbial fermentation. DF vary widely in their chemical composition so that different DF enrich for different microbes that are best adapted to utilize the specific DF. They result in different fermentation end products, with effects on the underlying tissue. Individuals with differences in their gut microbiota composition will respond differently to increased intake of the same DF. While some microbial communities generate from DF significant amounts of the beneficial short chain fatty acid butyrate, which helps appropriate differentiation of gut epithelium, other communities produce less beneficial or even detrimental products. Thus, benefits from DF on CRC risk likely depend on the chemical composition of the consumed DF and underlying microbiota and changes in its composition after adaptation to increased DF intake. DF intake has long been suggested to reduce CRC risk and recent reports from large prospective cohort are supportive of this hypothesis [44, 45], although the evidence is not unequivocal. There also is some evidence for inverse associations between fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake and CRC [46, 47]. Various animal studies have shown inverse associations between DF intake and intestinal carcinogenesis. Experimental evidence from a mouse model suggests that a diet high in DF from fruits and vegetables significantly changed microbiota composition and reduced intestinal carcinogenesis [8]. In that study, unique bacterial signatures were observed in mice with no or few polyps, suggesting that gut environment differed between mice with low and high polyp burden.
Some studies show significant dietary associations with CRC risk only in specific regions, suggesting that diet associated activities of the microbiota, which vary along the gut, might be involved. Location-specific microbiota activities also would indicate a benefit for stratifying studies of associations between CRC and microbiota by location.
It is well established that African-Americans suffer from an increased incidence and mortality of CRC in comparison to Caucasian-Americans. The ethnic differences in CRC risk may be due to observed variations in the diets between groups and resulting differences in microbiota activities [9].
Microbiota and Mucosal Immunology
CRC is associated with increased colonic inflammation [48], which can be modified by microbiota activities. Through mechanisms of tolerance, the immune system has evolved to maintain a balance that allows for coexistence between microbes and host. The epithelium provides a physical barrier against microbes, whereas the lamina propria contains the immune cells that maintain a tolerogenic response to these microbes. In the lamina propria, microbes that breach the epithelium are recognized and eliminated by the action of various immune cells.
The intestinal lamina propria contains gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which consists of Peyer's patches in the small intestine, lymphoid aggregates in the appendix and colon, and diffuse immune cells throughout the lamina propria. Dendritic cells (DCs) can project dendrites into the intestinal lumen and present microbial antigens to lymphocytes accompanied by IL-17 secretion to induce antibacterial immunity [49]. B cells secrete immunoglobin A (IgA) into the intestinal lumen via transcytosis [50]. Although no systemic antibody response is induced, bacteria opsonized with IgA cannot cross the epithelial barrier [51]. However, antibodies against commensal bacteria have been detected in the serum of healthy donors [52].
T-helper (TH) lymphocytes are stimulated by gut microbiota. In mono-associated mice, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), or Candidatus Savagella, are sufficient to induce signaling of all known T-helper subtypes, similar to responses to conventional microbiota [53]. Several Clostridia strains from the clusters IV and XIVa, which contain many important butyrate producers discussed later, induce a Treg phenotype both in the lamina propria and systemically [54]. Bacteroides fragilis induces IL-10 production though a polysaccharide A-dependent response that prevents the expansion of TH17 cells [55]. An increase in both Treg numbers and IL-10 expression has been observed in response to PSA from B. fragilis in a TLR-2-dependent manner [56]. Although we are still at the beginning of our understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota components and the host immune system, the potential for modifying immune function is already obvious.
Microbiota, Aberrant Immune Function, and IBD
IBD is a group of inflammatory conditions of the intestine associated with increased risk of developing CRC. Although the etiology is not fully established, an aberrant immune response to gut microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts is thought to be involved [57]. Patients with Crohn's disease exhibit a higher prevalence of adherent-invasive E. coli, similar to CRC patients (discussed below) [58]. Firmicutes, especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, appears underrepresented in IBD patients [59]. Evidence from murine models demonstrates interplay between gut microbiota and IBD in genetically susceptible hosts. For instance, germ-free IL-10 knockout mice did not develop disease; however, specific pathogen-free (SPF)-colonized counterparts rapidly developed IBD [60]. Indirect evidence for a contribution of microbiota can be derived from the detection in IBD cases of mutations in genes important for gut microbiota immune recognition. Mutations in NOD2, whose product binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and interacts with nuclear transcription factor NF-κβ, are associated with Crohn's disease in humans [61]. Both the addition of potentially beneficial bacteria and the removal of potentially harmful bacteria have been demonstrated to improve disease state [62, 63], indicating a potential for reducing IBD associated CRC.
Evidence for Correlations of Microbiota with CRC
The discovery that Helicobacter pylori is causally associated with non-cardia stomach cancers spurred interest in the potential contribution of this and other infectious agents in intestinal cancers [64]. To date, H. pylori has not be linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. Few viral associations have been made with CRC, the associations of polyomaviruses, particularly JC virus, with CRC have been extensively investigated; ongoing research is aimed at utilizing better tools to answer this question in larger population studies [65].
Targeted studies of various bacterial species or groups have yielded both positive associations, most notable with specific E. coli types, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF), and S. gallolyticus (bovis), as well as inverse associations, most notably with Bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria [66, 67, 68•, 69, 70]. Increased diversity in the Clostridium coccoides and Clostridium leptum groups has been observed in CRC patients compared with healthy controls [71]. Superoxide-producing Enterococcus faecalis, a commensal gut organism, has been shown to induce DNA damage in colon cell lines and rat colonic tissue [72]. Microbial activities that have been associated with CRC risk include those involved in bile acid metabolism and sulfate reduction. Initial 16S rRNA-based microbiota surveys in CRC patients have suggested some dysbiosis, with increased Coriobacteria and decreased Enterobacteria detected in one study [73•] and differences in Bacteroidetes/Prevotella that correlated with increased IL-17 positive cells in another study [74•]. The decreased prevalence of Enterobacteria detected in the former study appears inconsistent with other data that show a positive association. However, a hit and run effect, where Enterobacteria might have a role in early CRC processes but disappear after the developing lesion changes the gut environment, would explain this observation. In another study that confirmed increased Coriobacteria in cancer patients, higher numbers of Lactobacillales were detected in cancer tissue [75•], but this could be associated with multiple lifestyle factors, including an increase in the intake of probiotics after diagnosis or due to early CRC symptoms. These observations confirm the need for prospective studies, where microbiota samples are collected from individuals at high risk before the disease develops. Due to differences in study populations, it is to be expected that results of microbiota surveys in CRC patients and controls vary to some extent, but effort should be made to standardize protocols to allow for a comparison between studies and pooling of data where appropriate.
An early emphasis in establishing contributions to CRC has been on proteobacteria, especially γ-proteobacteria, which contain many known enteric pathogens that can cause acute intestinal infections. It is feasible that unresolved acute infections can become chronic, resulting in a proliferative gut milieu that can drive colorectal carcinogenesis. Mucosal adherent proteobacteria have been found to be more abundant in patients with colorectal adenomas compared with normal controls [76]. An increase in intraepithelial E. coli was seen in patients with adenomas compared with healthy controls [70]. Adherent E. coli have been shown to decrease expression levels of DNA mismatch repair proteins MLH1 and MSH2 [77]. E. coli strains that possess the pks pathogenicity island responsible for the production of the bacterial toxin colibactin have been shown to induce DNA damage in mammalian cells lines and lead to chromosomal instability [78]. In an AOM-treated IL-10 knockout mouse model, monocolonization with this strain promoted carcinoma formation [79]. Several pathogenicity islands present in 30-40 % of isolates from CRC patients were previously detected only in uropathogenic E. coli strains [80].
Streptococcus bovis has been frequently associated with colorectal cancer, but data are conflicting. Fecal carriage of S. bovis has been reported to be significantly higher in carcinoma patients compared with healthy controls [81]. However, Potter et al. reported no significant difference between the stool carriage of colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls [82]. This group also reported no significant associations of S. bovis with malignant colon tissue using culture techniques, but a study using qPCR detected significantly more S. bovis DNA in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue in the same host [83]. An increase in polyamines associated with an increase in ACF was reported after S. bovis administration [84]. A recent meta-analysis suggests that a specific biotype, Streptococcus gallolyticus (S. bovis Biotype 1), is more closely associated with CRC [66]. Although there likely is an association, the evidence for any causal link is weak.
ETBF has been suggested to contribute to intestinal carcinogenesis through the effects of three enterotoxin subtypes on e-cadherin [85, 86]. Nuclear localization of β-catenin has been observed after treating cell lines with B. fragilis enterotoxin, subsequently leading to increased expression of c-myc and cellular proliferation [87]. Recent data from the same group suggest a TH17-dependent mechanism for carcinogenesis in the APC Min mouse model [88]. Another mechanism by which B. fragilis may contribute to CRC development is through the metabolism of heterocyclic amines, which are generated by hot meat practices [89]. B. fragilis cultured in meat extract resulted in a twofold increase in mutagenicity [90], suggesting that it may affect genotoxicity of nitrogenous compounds. B. fragilis was determined to be enriched in the guts of CRC patients compared with healthy controls [91].
Metabolism of bile acids by the gut microbiota has long been thought to contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis [92]. β-glucuronidase activity, which is involved in bile acid metabolism, has been shown to be increased in CRC patients [93]. Colonic mucosal proliferation has been associated positively with secondary bile acid levels [94]. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of secondary bile acids to up regulate NF-κβ expression and induce DNA damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species [95]. Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) are crucial for bile acid modification by the gut microbiota. Bile acids represent signaling molecules that can influence host physiology. BSH activity has been shown to be prevalent in the human gut where it mediates bile tolerance [96]. However, neither detection of fecal bile acids nor bile acid metabolizing bacteria have been convincingly linked to CRC in humans.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria reside in the gut as part of the normal microbiota. Although sulfate-reducing bacteria have not been directly associated with CRC, the production of hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in CRC development. Hydrogen sulfide was determined to be more abundant in subjects who had previously undergone surgery for CRC and developed new neoplasia compared with healthy controls [97]. Hydrogen sulfide also was shown to induce DNA damage mediated by oxidative free radicals. Additionally, COX-2 expression was increased as a result of hydrogen sulfide treatment [98]. Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST), an important enzyme for detoxifying hydrogen sulfide, was found to be decreased in CRC tissue. The abundance of TST was increased in HT-29 cells when cultured with butyrate, suggesting a possible mechanism by which butyrate inhibits CRC development [99].
Butyrate is a preferred fuel for epithelial colonocytes and thought to have a protective effect against CRC. The phylogenetic distribution of butyrate-producing bacteria lies mostly within Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa, also known as the Clostridium leptum and coccoides groups, respectively [100].
In rodent models, administration of both butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate metabolic precursors has been shown to increase colonic levels of butyrate and decrease precancerous lesions correlating with increased splenic NK cells and decreased β-glucuronidase activities in fecal cultures, both of which associated with protection against CRC [67, 101]. Butyrate also promotes apoptosis through the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC cell lines [102]. Whereas moderate Wnt levels promote uncontrolled proliferation, high levels appear to induce apoptosis [103]. Butyrate also is a known histone deacetylase inhibitor and has been shown to promote DNA demethylation of pluripotency-associated genes in fibroblasts [104].
Whereas the low pH in the stomach results in low microbiota diversity, the colon harbors some of the most diverse microbial communities. Thus, generating evidence for microbiota associations with CRC requires extensive ecological approaches. Although the evidence of a microbiota/CRC link presented above is as of yet not convincing, there has been progress. There is promise that recent developments in microbiota analysis tools will soon translate into significant progress, especially if the appropriate prospective population studies are performed.
Means of Influencing Gut Microbiota Composition
A thorough understanding of the contributions of microbiota to CRC can form the foundation for the future development of targeted prevention supplements. Multiple probiotic and prebiotic supplements are already marketed for potential health benefits [105]. Due to the long process of colorectal carcinogenesis, studies in humans often have to be limited to show changes in intermediate CRC markers, such as a decrease in fecal water toxicity with Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria supplementation [106]. Most of the experimental evidence of pro- and prebiotic benefits associated with intestinal carcinogenesis is derived from animal models [107]. Nevertheless, there is already a clear indication that supplementation with pro- and prebiotics can modify colonic environment and affect intestinal carcinogenesis. In addition to using naturally derived strains, there also have been efforts to genetically modify lactic acid bacteria for desired characteristics. LAB strains producing human IL-10 and with deletions in the phosphoglycerol transferase gene, responsible for lipoteichoic acid (LTA) biosynthesis, have shown success in IBD and CRC models [108, 109]. Due to the differences in underlying microbiota composition, specific pre- and probiotic supplements are likely to benefit only a proportion of the population. Developing criteria to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit would allow for improved targeting of such interventions.
Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Diet, particularly DF intake, which has been associated with reduced CRC risk, strongly affects microbiota composition. Thus, changes in microbiota might represent important mechanisms through which diet/DF reduces CRC risk. Various bacteria have been linked with experimental carcinogenesis in animal models or correlated with CRC in human observational studies. Multiple microbiota-based studies suggest differences in mucosa associated and luminal bacteria in subjects with CRC. Various pro- and prebiotic interventions aimed at modifying gut microbiota toward a more beneficial composition have been successful in reducing CRC risk markers, gut inflammation, and preneoplastic lesions. We conclude that although no single, microbial agent has yet been shown to be causally linked to CRC, contributions of the gut microbiota to colorectal carcinogenesis are evident. It can be expected that further advances in the field can soon be translated into the development of microbiota-based CRC screening and prevention regimens. A more detailed understanding of how microbiota can be manipulated also might point us toward novel means to minimize the detrimental effects of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy treatment on gut health. Due to the established uniqueness of each individual's microbiota, personalized microbiota manipulations, possibly based on the underlying dominant enterotype, will likely offer the best chance for success.
T. Culpepper: none; V. Mai: application filed for a provisional patent on a microbiota-based colorectal cancer screening test.

subset: commoncrawl


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How Not to Have a Media-Friendly Press Conference
Step one, hold the event in the sun. Step two, make sure the event lasts a really long time. Step three, after thirty minutes, ignore a reporters plea for them to take questions.
This example is brought to you by 32BJ Vice President Kyle Bragg, who was the emcee for a rally yesterday, and Daily News Bureau Chief Adam Lisberg.


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Barca felt they should have had a spot-kick in the goalless draw when Christian Abbiati brought down Alexis Sanchez right in front of the additional referee's assistant placed behind the goal in Champions League matches.
However, neither the assistant nor referee Jonas Eriksson spotted the foul.
Guardiola said: "What's the use of two extra goal-line referees if they don't see clear penalties? If they don't give it, they didn't see it."
Barcelona captain Carlos Puyol also felt he should have had a penalty for shirt-pulling in the second half.
He said: "Penalty? Yes, I was clearly held back, you could it see on the screen too, but the referee said no. His task isn't easy, no excuses."
Guardiola said he was satisfied with his team's performance, if not the result, but was unhappy with the state of the San Siro pitch, which disrupted Barca's slick passing play.
He said: Maybe we deserved a goal, but we'll have to win it at the Camp Nou. We hope for the fans' support.
"That Milan, a team with seven European Cups, is happy about this 0-0 result, is the best praise we can get.
"(The pitch) was slippery. At half-time, we told the players to be careful not to get injured.
"It's a great stadium, but it's quite closed and the pitch can't breathe. It's always bad, but it is what it is.
"To win the Champions League, you have to overcome a lot of things, that's what makes some sportsmen better than others," Guardiola added.
"Things happen and you have to overcome then."
"We have won a lot in the last four years, but we have also drawn and lost matches.
"After a draw or defeat, we have never complained about a refereeing decision or the pitch, maybe we have done so after winning but not after a draw or defeat."


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Symposium: Arts and Music from Tibet
Stanford Pan-Asian Music Festival
Saturday, February 22, 2014 from 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM (PST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
This symposium will feature musicians and scholars from Tibet. Professor Jiayong Qunpei of China's Minzu (Minority Nationalities) University will discuss music from Tibet, especially the Tibetan opera tradition. Reshi Tsering Tan, a popular and well-respected Tibetan recording artist, will share his experience as founder of the Shangri-La Folk Music Preservation Association (SFMPA). SFMPA is a non-profit organization devoted to making field recordings of traditional Tibetan music, especially fast-vanishing religious music. Select Tibetan musicians from the Tibetan Opera and Music Troupe of Qinghai will demonstrate various types of Tibetan traditional and monastic music.
When & Where
Stanford University
Bing Concert Hall - Studio
327 Lasuen Street
Saturday, February 22, 2014 from 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM (PST)
Add to my calendar
Stanford Pan-Asian Music Festival
The Stanford Pan-Asian Music Festival celebrates its tenth anniversary with a series of concerts and cultural events featuring unique and talented artists from Tibet, Mongolia, and around the world February 1 – March 1, 2014.
Inaugurated in 2004-2005 season, the festival is dedicated to promoting an understanding and appreciation of music in contemporary Asia. Jindong Cai, the festival's founder and artistic director, states that "It has been a remarkable ten years during which we have explored many of the rich and diverse musical cultures from Asia. With the festival as our looking-glass, we hope to continue bringing people and traditions from East and West together through music."
For more information or schedule of events, visit panasianmusicfestival.stanford.edu.


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4 February
Revision as of 17:43, 3 February 2008 by Narfil Palùrfalas (Talk | contribs)
Events which occurred on 4 February.
On Earth
- 1933 - C.S. Lewis writes to lifelong friend Arthur Greeves on The Hobbit, saying "Since term began [on January 15] I have had a delightful time reading a children's story which Tolkien has just written . . . Whether it is really good (I think it is until the end) is of course another question: still more, whether it will succeed with modern children" (They Stand Together, collected letters from Lewis to Greeves, ed. Walter Hooper, No. 183).
In Arda
- T.A. 3019 - The Fellowship of the Ring rests in Lothlórien.


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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Tall Dwarfs
In 1982, Bathgate relocated from Dunedin to Christchurch; with the distance between him and Knox now totalling some 750 kilometers, Tall Dwarfs was relegated to a side project, with both men meeting once or twice annually to record and perform the occasional live date. The first product of their long-distance union was the EP Louis Likes His Daily Dip, issued in 1982 on the fledgling Flying Nun label; Canned Music followed a year later. With 1984's SlugBucketHairyBreathMonster, Tall Dwarfs scored their most successful record to date; the track "The Brain That Wouldn't Die" was a cult hit across New Zealand, and with its inclusion on the Flying Nun compilation Tuatara, it received significant international exposure as well. After recording 1985's That's the Short and Long of It, Bathgate moved to the U.K.; many predicted the duo's demise, but he returned after a year, and the Tall Dwarfs reunited for 1986's Throw a Sickie (so named because both Bathgate and Knox were suffering from colds during production).
With 1988's Dogma, the duo finally graduated to a proper studio; the EP featured "The Slide," a tale of euthanasia which became one of their most controversial and best-known efforts. The long out of print first four Tall Dwarfs EPs were mined for the subsequent Hello Cruel World best-of collection; the first of their records to earn proper world-wide release, it won them considerable global media coverage. In 1990 they reconvened in the studio, emerging with so much material that the longstanding EP format was finally forsaken to release a full-length LP, dubbed Weeville; a year later another album, Fork Songs, appeared. A tour of America followed in 1992, and in 1994 Tall Dwarfs issued the 3 EPs LP, a collection of 18 new tracks sequenced to resemble a trio of mini-albums. Though Knox had long maintained a solo career, Bathgate waited until 1996 to make his solo debut with Gold Lame; still, Tall Dwarfs remained intact, issuing Stumpy a year later. ~ Jason Ankeny
Selected Discography
Track List: Fork Songs (Plus Dogma)
Track List: 3EPs
Track List: The Short and Sick of It
Track List: Weeville
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text:
Hi when I use:
I get:Code:fdisk /dev/sda
Unable to open /dev/sda
I followed all steps on the video!!
It is hdc so I guess it should then be:
Gonna try it out now thanxCode:fdisk hdc
I now get the following:
When I try mkfs.ext3 /dev/hdc It won't work!!Code:You will not be able to write the partition table. Note: sector size is 2048 (not 512) Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help):
Okej I fixed it.
I made an extra virtual IDE hard disk(the other was SCSI). And now it works fine.
Thnx anyway
hows it going?
i am having a bit of trouble with the install on vmware.
i run through and do all the fdisk stuff (my drive /dev/hda)
runs fine.
then do the mkfs and mkswap works dandy
create the mount point and then mount. seems great so far.
i go to the install backtrack program and make sure i have the second option pointed to "/mnt/backtrack" which is where i mounted /dev/hda1
then changed to full install and removed the check mark.
i then use the poweroff cmd. and remove the iso from the virtual cd.
repower on the VM and nothing. blank. nada. just a cursur that doesnt blink in the uper left corner.
i have deleted and recreated the process many times with no success. any idears?
dude it stops at 100% loading without showing the video.. i just want to know how to install the vmware-tools for bt3 when it comes to the linux kernel directory question.
video not working can watch it..............
Thanks for the sweet tutorial


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Moderator: waterfowlhunter
Sagebrush wrote:I have found that a #9 pellets works great for skeet and only needs a 1145 fps velocity for the short distances
Trap with a modified choke and #8's is a good standard load at 1145fps and 1200fps for the harder shots and
longer distances. If very cold or windy 7 1/2's can help your score, with a Full choke at HDCP yardage.
Good luck on your next shoot.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest


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MS Word Themes
OK, so you've decided a theme might be the way to go and you're ready to take a look at all the choices.
Let's dive right in.
To find the themes you need to go to the Format menu, Theme choice. (Alt then O then H works too.)
The Theme window will open.
On the left you have a list of themes to choose from. As you pick each name a preview will appear on the right.
As you may have noticed, the previews contain examples of the font styles applied to headings and body text as well as examples of lines, bullets and hyperlinks.
At the bottom you have 3 options to check or uncheck as you see fit.
"Vivid Colors" will change colors of styles, borders and document backgrounds to a brighter setting.
"Active Graphics" will display animated graphics—if the theme contains them. The animations can be seen when you view the page in a web browser.
"Background Image" when checked applies the current theme background to the document. If you uncheck this a color will replace the image. It can later be changed using the Format menu, Background choice and then select a color from the palette.
When you're done making all your choices click OK.
You're returned to your document with the theme applied and everything looking professional and eye-catching.
If you wish to change your theme, or remove it, then return to the Theme window and choose a new item from the list. (The choice of None is at the top of the list and will remove the theme.)
You can either apply a theme to a document before you begin typing or you can apply it after it's done—whatever you need.
It's also something to note that if you pull down the Style list (to the left of the Font list) the heading styles from the theme are right there for you to choose from.
This also applies to the cool bullets automatically appearing when you click the bullet button as well as the other items from the theme.
As I said before—all the elements are at your fingertips, helping you to keep the document coordinated and professional looking.
~ April


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Lately I've spending a fair bit of time learning how to develop digital photos. Like many folk I had assumed that once the images were loaded from the digital camera onto the computer, the photographic process was pretty much over. Then it was just a matter of choosing images and either mailing them, uploading them (e.g., to Flickr), or sending them off to a printer.
How wrong I was.
With film, images had to be developed, into negatives and then prints. The images that come straight off a digital camera (especially if you shoot in jpg format) are ready to go, in a sense.
But, developing with film was never just about rendering the image in a usable form. At the processing stage a lot could be done, to crop the image for better composition, to adjust the colour balance and compensate for the exposure, either across the whole image or in selective parts of the image. Chase Jarvis posted an image, on his blog, from photographer Richard Avedon with the instructions he gave to lab technician on how he wanted the image to be developed.
Moreover, each brand and type of film brought something to the final image, in terms of colours, grain and light balance. I think that's part of why there is such a trend now towards Lomography and iPhone apps like Hipstamatic. There's something about straight from the camera digital shots that can look very clean and clinical.
My workflow for developing images is pretty simple (perhaps appropriately so). I check white balance and overall exposure and adjust the light curve, fill light and recovery. Then I clean up any major dust marks and look for small enhancements in exposure (maybe adding more light to someone's face, or dropping down the brightness of the background sky). I like to add some vignette to pictures (darkened corners), especially if they have been cropped.
One thing I try to avoid is aggressively boosting colours. Having grown up watching my father adjust televisions, I've learnt that hyped colours soon lose their appeal. A lot of photographs I see on the web from amatuer photographers have really aggressive colours that sometimes kill the interest (and dull the light and shade in the image).
Anyway, this is all a steep and challenging learning curve for me. There's still plenty more to learn. Below are a few images that apply some of these ideas and concepts.
Click on photos to enlarge


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Sept. 23, 2013
Sept. 28, 2013 • 12:30 p.m., ET • RSN (ROOT SPORTS in Pittsburgh)
Heinz Field (65,500/Natural Grass) • Pittsburgh, Pa.
Pitt Game Notes Link: Virginia Game
RSN TV Affiliates Link: Pitt-UVA TV
Game Storylines
• Pitt looks for its third consecutive victory when Virginia visits Heinz Field for an ACC Coastal Division matchup. The Panthers have rebounded from a season-opening loss to nationally ranked Florida State to win each of their past two contests.
• Pitt earned its first ACC win by winning a track meet at Duke last week, 58-55. The Panthers are averaging 40 points per game on the young season to rank fourth in the ACC.
• Senior quarterback Tom Savage is coming off a historic performance at Duke, throwing for 424 yards and tying the ACC record with six touchdown passes. Named the Walter Camp National Offensive Player of the Week, Savage leads the ACC in passing yards per game (287.0 avg.).
• The Panthers boast the ACC's most potent receiving tandem to date. Senior Devin Street is averaging a league-best 129 receiving yards per game (fourth best nationally), while freshman Tyler Boyd is averaging 104.7 yards (third in the ACC and 18th nationally). The pair combined for 320 yards, 14 catches and five TDs at Duke.
• Freshman running back James Conner has rushed for more than 100 yards in each of the past two games. Conner had a career-high 173 yards at Duke and is averaging 6.9 yards per carry on the season.
• Defensive tackle Aaron Donald has been a fixture in the opponent's backfield this season. The senior All-America candidate leads the ACC and ranks fourth nationally in tackles for loss (2.33 per game). Donald is seventh nationally with 1.33 sacks per contest.
• A youth movement is underway at Pitt. Twelve true freshmen and seven redshirt freshmen have played for the Panthers this year. True frosh lead Pitt in rushing (James Conner), all-purpose yards (Tyler Boyd) and scoring (Boyd).
Pitt-Virginia History in Brief
Series Began: 1953
Series Overall: Pitt leads 3-2
At Pittsburgh: Pitt leads 2-0
At Virginia: Series tied 1-1
Neutral Sites: Virginia leads 1-0 (UVA won 2003 Continental Tire Bowl, 23-16)
Last Meeting at Pitt: Sept. 2, 2006 (Pitt 38, Virginia 13)
Last Meeting at UVA: Sept. 29, 2007 (Virginia 44, Pitt 14)
Current Series Streak: Virginia has won 1 (2007)
Longest Pitt Series Win Streak: 2 games (1953, 1955)
Longest UVA Series Win Streak: 1 game (2003 & 2007)
Largest Pitt Victory Margin: 26 points (26-0, 1953)
Largest UVA Victory Margin: 30 points (44-14, 2007)
Pitt-Virginia Series Notes
This is the sixth meeting between Pitt and Virginia in a series that dates back to 1953...this year's game serves as the inaugural Atlantic Coast Conference matchup between the two schools...Pitt and Virginia will meet annually as members of the ACC's Coastal Division...Pitt leads the series, 3-2...in the last meeting, the host Cavaliers defeated Pitt, 44-14, on Sept. 29, 2007...the last meeting at Heinz Field occurred on Sept. 2, 2006, a 38-13 Pitt victory in the season opener for both teams...the Panthers are 2-0 against Virginia in Pittsburgh and 1-1 in Charlottesville...the lone postseason encounter took place in the 2003 Continental Tire Bowl in Charlotte, a game that featured Pitt receiver Larry Fitzgerald and Virginia standouts Matt Schaub at quarterback and Heath Miller at tight end...the Cavaliers won that bowl matchup, 23-16.
Pitt-Virginia Broadcast Information
Television • RSN (ROOT SPORTS in Pittsburgh)
Wes Durham, play-by-play
Brian Stann, analyst
Jenn Hildreth, reporter
Pitt Radio • 93.7 The Fan & the Pitt IMG Sports Network
Larry Richert, play-by-play
Pat Bostick, analyst
Gregg Giannotti, reporter
SiriusXM Satellite Radio
Sirius Channel 93, XM Channel 198
Internet Audio • Panthers All-Access
Q&As With Pitt's Recent NFL Draft Picks
Four Kickoff Times Announced for Pitt Football
Pitt Places 10 on Athlon's Preseason All-ACC Team
Pitt Student-Athletes Share Experiences from Haiti Trip
Pitt Football Unveils Young Alumni Ticket Program
Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl Donates $20,000 to Pittsburgh Charities


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TNA announcer Taz is getting into the online radio game by debuting "Taz Radio". He posted a demo episode last night, which is described as follows…
"Taz Radio is a talk show hosted by Taz, but the show is NOT about Taz's career. It is about his feelings, thoughts and most impotently Taz's insight about the daily topics in the wrestling business. This is coming from a someone with strong legitimacy standpoint from a man who has been a 3x World Champion, TV broadcaster for both WWE & TNA (current) and ECW an original. Taz bringing to the microphone in his show, no bitterness, no cheap shots & no BS!"
You can check out the show at this link.
I won't criticize TNA though.


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"The SAINT" - A Tiny Implantable Devices to Help Treat Chronic Pain
Source: medgadget.comMicroTransponder, a company out of Dallas, Texas, is developing an implantable neural stimulator to alleviate chronic pain. Looking like an RFID implant, the prototype device uses low energy radio technology for communication and has no batteries on board.
Here's how MIT Technology Review reports about the device:
The implanted portion consists of small electrodes and a small coil, which is powered by an external battery-powered coil worn like a cuff on the arm or leg. The stimulation parameters are programmed via laptop or PDA and would be tailored to the individual patient...From the company technology page:
"Instead of trying to transfer energy from two coupled antennas to do telemetry, which is a common approach for medical devices, RFID is geared to have very small transponders, so you don't need a large coil," says Joseph Pancrazio, a program director at the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a government funding agency, in Bethesda, MD, that has given the company small business loans.
The research is still in a very early stage. Researchers have developed a prototype device, which they are testing in rats. The device can effectively stimulate peripheral nerves in rats, although it's not yet clear whether the electrical stimulation alleviates chronic pain.
The SAINT™ unit eliminates any implantable battery or wires. It is injectable with a 12-gauge needle in a 30 minute outpatient procedure. This implanted platform technology will be coupled to an external controller, which can be worn like an armband; and will provide the power and stimulus parameters for the device. The external controller will be able to interface with a laptop or PDA in order to change the stimulus parameters to better treat the patient's pain profile.More from MIT Technology Review
MicroTransponder technology page
Source: medgadget.com


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Writer mom lets us know we're all in it together 14 Hours 'Til Bedtime: A Stay-at-Home Mom's Life in 27 Funny Little Stories, by Jen Singer. Wyatt-MacKenzie Publishing, 2004, $12.95.
Jen Singer knows exactly who she is writing for—moms just like her who feel privileged to be able to stay home with their kids, yet know it's OK to sometimes wish for a few simple pleasures, such as taking a shower in peace.
With two boys, ages 6 and 7, Singer has been there, done that and still managed to squeeze in the time to write a hilarious account of her life after kids.
In addition to having her funny prose published in national magazines, the author also created her own Web site, www.mommasaid.net, the Stay At Home Moms Coffee Break, filled with anecdotes, links and essays for the breaks moms need—even if they are few and far between.
In 14 Hours 'Til Bedtime, Singer keeps each of her 27 stories short because she knows stay-at-home moms "have only about 750 words to read before someone figures out you're hiding in the bathroom with a book." Each story is separated by even shorter "funnies" that take a minute or so to read.
The author doesn't complain about being a mom or about the gazillion times she has had to scrape peanut butter off the telephone or the long hours she has had to hold her colicky babies. She just feels it's all right for moms to sometimes wonder what appreciation they get for the 24/7 job with no days off.
The book has a "we're all in this together" attitude so that overwhelmed, sleep-deprived, rookie moms don't feel like they are the only ones up at 3 a.m.
This is a great read for moms at all stages. It's a consolation and a much-needed laugh for moms going through exactly what the author describes. It's a heartier laugh for moms who have graduated from the teething troubles of infants and toddlers.
As for expectant moms … it's a preview for a movie they've already bought. Kiran Ansari
Books offers insights on sensory integration issues Raising a Sensory Smart Child: The Definitive Handbook for Helping Your Child with Sensory Integration Issues, by Lindsey Biel and Nancy Peske, Penguin Books, 2005, $22.
A tearful child protests loudly, she can't bear the touch of clothing tags and seams against her skin. Another child is unnerved by the telephone's high-pitched ring but likes to turn on the vacuum and listen to the whirring and whooshing of its loud motor.
Equally worrisome for a parent is the boy who refuses to climb on the playground equipment. He is content to simply spin in circles on the carousel.
All these unusual behaviors are symptoms of sensory integration dysfunction and they indicate the children have trouble processing tactile, auditory or vestibular (balance) signals in their brain. Often it can occur with other disorders, such as attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder.
If you've never heard of this, then Raising a Sensory Smart Child is a comprehensive handbook that can help you learn about what happens when sensory processing malfunctions in a child.
In warm accessible language the authors guide us through diagnosis, learning and behavior issues, practical solutions for home and school and "sensory diets." The co-authors are a parent and an occupational therapist, and they combine authoritative information with personal insights and experiences. Charts describe the seven sensory systems, and checklists enable parents to determine their child's unique profile—identifying sensitivities and troublesome behaviors.
It is often surprising for parents to learn that problems with sensory processing can also affect areas of cognitive development such as speech and language, motor skills and social and emotional growth.
This is a book to foster sensory smart parents. A complete index provides lists of useful toys, equipment, products, Web sites and support organizations. This deserves a place on the reference library shelf. Another book I also recommend is the previously published and highly regarded Out-of -Sync Child by Carol Stock Kranowitz. Emilija Novitovic, M.Ed.
Good hockey coaching can smooth out an icy patch The Baffled Parent's Guide to Coaching Youth Hockey, by Bruce Driver with Clare Wharton. McGraw-Hill Trade. 2005, $14.95.
It's a highly complex sport, hockey. It's not smash and bash. There's almost an art to it, really. Between you and a sheet of ice are two thin blades of steel. You're skating fiercely, holding a stick, maneuvering around or, hopefully, through defenders, all the while trying to guide a little black puck into a goal's net. It takes precise hand-eye coordination, patience and toughness.
Hockey can go from complex to downright frustrating when, for the first time, you have to teach the sport to kids 6-14 years old. What is a flip pass, snap shot, hat trick, angle check or a hip check? And what in the H-E double-hockey sticks is icing? Thankfully, all the information a novice hockey coach needs is in this book.
Baffling as hockey may be, former NHL star and Stanley Cup champion Bruce Driver and self-proclaimed "hockey mom" Clare Wharton offer a simple guide to coaching a unique and intricate sport. Everything is covered from safe and reliable equipment to elaborately designed drills. There are more than 40 pages full of offensive and defensive drills. But one of the most important pieces of information might be the section on starting and stopping on the ice.
Hockey is dangerous, but safety comes with knowledge. This book details every aspect of the game in a clear and concise manner, affording a new coach quick insight to prevent injuries.
When it comes to advice, Driver and Wharton offer more than the practical; but the profound. "Goalies must understand that they can never stop every shot and that they'll let in a weak goal once in a while. But the best goaltenders never allow a bad goal to affect their play. They learn to block out the negative thoughts so they can refocus and concentrate on the next shot."
Good to know, hockey is more than a physical game. It's mental too. Icing, by the way, "occurs when a player shoots from his team's side of the center red line across the opposing team's goal line." OK, so now you probably want to know what and where the red line is; read the book. Brad Spencer
Let us plan your weekend with the best family events and activities in Chicagoland.
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Need last-minute ideas for a weekend of family fun? No worries. We've got you.
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Jim and Sheila King have learned a lot over the past few months.
The retired couple from Meadow Croft, Chalfont St Peter, have just returned from a tour of churches across the UK, having taken in services in towns and cities such as Sheffield, Manchester, Southampton and London.
Jim, an associate priest at Chalfont St Peter parish church, and Sheila, former head of Fulmer Infant School, took on the trip to learn new ways to boost attendance figures at their church.
"We visited 11 different churches in total," says Jim. "It is fair to say that a lot of churches across the country are seeing fewer and fewer people coming along each week.
"Today, many people have not grown up going to church, and it is not as common as it was for schools to visit churches, so a church can seem like quite a frightening and intimidating place.
"We drew up a list of places where attendance figures are very good and we went along to see how they are doing things.
"In Chalfont St Peter, the attendance figures are quite good, but we wanted to find out what the really successful places are doing."
After completing the trip, they discovered an emphasis on the family and making church fun for children was the key to success.
The pair watched as the successful churches engaged with youngsters and put on activities throughout the week for families to get involved with.
Jim says: "A lot of the churches had football teams that the kids would come along to, and we saw that all their friends were going along to the services and to special events that encouraged them to take part.
"Because of that, church becomes a fun place to go for children, and a place where their mums and dads can meet and have a chat and be sociable.
"We saw that church doesn't have to be traditional or formal.
"There is a place for that as well of course, but the really successful churches have expanded their horizons to take in other things, and that was the main lesson we learned.
"It's something we want to try to do more of here."
In Beaconsfield and Chesham meanwhile, people agree churches in Buckinghamshire need to become more attractive places for young people.
Pam Crawford, administrator at St Mary and All Saints Church in Beaconsfield, said: "Our attendance figures are good at the moment and I would say we are thriving.
"Our reverend, Jeremy Brooks, made an effort when he came into the role two years ago to make church a more family-orientated place and it has worked well.
"I think that is the key really to driving attendance figures up.
"There has to be a mix of the traditional and the new, and churches have to adapt as time continues.
"You don't want to change completely, but it is important younger people and families come along, and that is what the case has been for us."
At St George's Church in Chesham, however, the emphasis remains on the traditional.
Jenny Allison, the church warden there, says: "We are a relatively small church, and our attendance figures remain quite constant.
"We have a traditional service and it is what our congregation wants. However, I do see that for other churches, they need to move with the times and try to attract new people.
"I know that attendance figures are down in general across the UK, so bigger churches need to do something to sort out the problem.
"But there will always be a place for smaller, traditional churches like ourselves, and it would be a shame if those types of churches were ever to stop."
l What do you think? email our letters page at email@example.com


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Kenia receiving a blessing from White Cross Funds
Presenting children to the Lord
Greetings from Dominican Republic. It has been a very busy 2009, but with the gratitude that many families, children, school, churches, communities, have been blessed with the visit of many missions team from US and Puerto Rico. I really appreciate your support through all these years to my ministry as missionary and to the many projects here in the Dominican Republic
World Mission Offering 2009 is a very important one. With this money we can be on the field being God's hand and feet in many places that others can not be. It helps us develop projects towards the benefit of the communities and churches here in the Dominican Republic. Educational Projects, Constructions, VBS, Students Grant, Conference/Lectures about Jesus to churches and communities, Projects of Clean Water to Poor Communities, Orphanage, etc.
White Cross are also a very important support here in the DR. With these funds many families are benefited with food, Baby blankets, etc. During our rainy season many flooded families receive help with Health Care Kits and emergency provisions, children are supplied with school materials for their educational progress. I really thank God for the American Baptist Women Ministry, "what would we do without them?" This money always comes at the right time, the right moment! Thank you.
More than ever we need your support and love through the World Mission Offering. Please, pray and give generously so the gospel of Jesus can be preached around the world. Once again, thank you for all your support and blessings to all.
At His service,
Rev. Madeline Flores, IM/ABC
Missionary in the Dominican Republic


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Educators employed under a hardship waiver will be regarded as making continuous progress by understanding and working towards meeting the requirements for licensure in the field and at the grade level in which they are employed in order for additional waivers to be granted. Since these can vary by individual, it is critical for the educator to know:
- *their remaining licensure requirement(s),(i.e. MTEL, courses, and/or competency coverage)
- their continuous progress timeframe - the dates within which continuous progress can be made
When the applicant's only requirement remaining to be satisfied is an MTEL test or tests, their progress can be satisfied by showing effort on the required MTEL test(s) within twelve months since the previous waiver was approved. This will be allowed only once and the waiver will not be granted again.
In cases where the educator has requirements other than (or in addition to) MTEL test(s) remaining, the following point system will be used to quantify progress, and at least 6 applicable points must be earned within twelve months preceding the current waiver request. If a prior waiver was approved within the twelve months preceding the current waiver request, the educator has an alternate window of time option of demonstrating 6 points of progress within the twelve months since the last waiver was approved.
|Continuous ProgressPoint Value System
|Requirement completed:
|Points earned:
|One semester credit of college coursework
|Passing a full MTEL
|Passing a subtest of an MTEL
|SEI Endorsement Requirement Completed and Approved
|Meeting a "coverage of..." competency through 10 Professional Development Points or 10 hours of mentored experience **
(see Competency Review Guide and Form )
In addition to obtaining the required number of "points", districts need to confirm that the educator has received an evaluation rating of at least "needs improvement" or higher in the preceding school year.
Please note activities that were accepted toward a previous year waiver cannot be counted to document continuous progress towards the current-waiver request; (i.e., no "double dipping"). For example, an educator takes a course in the spring semester and completion of that course is towards the approval of the second year waiver. Should that spring semester fall within the acceptable window of time for a third year waiver, that course would not be able to be counted towards progress of both the second and third year waiver. Other acceptable activities that took place within the acceptable window of time, beyond the course, could be used towards continuous progress of a third waiver.
Educator A: Working under a first year waiver in moderate disabilities, since obtaining the waiver the individual completes the following:
- Passes the Foundations of Reading MTEL = 2 points
- Completes four competencies through a series of workshops (totaling no less than 40 PDPs) they are taking to satisfy the specific subject matter competencies specific to moderate disabilities = 4 points
- Received an evaluation rating of satisfactory
Assuming the district had provided all appropriate supporting documentation, this waiver could be granted based on earning the six points, and receiving an evaluation rating of satisfactory.
Educator B: Working under a first year waiver in instructional technology, since obtaining the waiver the individual completes the following:
- Two four credit courses at an approved college/university that satisfy their remaining requirements towards earning the instructional technology. = 8 points
- Received an evaluation rating of unsatisfactory
Although this educator has achieved eight points towards continuous progress, the evaluation rating was unsatisfactory and as a result, an additional waiver cannot be granted by the Department.
Educator C: Working under an additional year waiver in moderate disabilities, since obtaining the waiver the individual completes the following:
- Passed the mathematics subtest of the General Curriculum MTEL = 1 point
- Passed the reading portion of the Communication & Literacy Skills MTEL = 1 point
- Completed a three credit course in the federal and state laws related to special education = 3 points
- Completed one competency through mentored employment (totaling no less than 10 hours) = 1 point
- Received an evaluation rating of needs improvement
Assuming the district had provided all appropriate supporting documentation; this waiver could be granted based on passing two subtests, completing a three credit course, completing mentored employment, and receiving an evaluation rating of needs improvement.


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One Year Later, a Middle School Revisits Sandy
The stories about Sandy that one class of eighth graders at Intermediate School 2, in the New Dorp neighborhood of Staten Island, easily could fill an entire 50-minute period. Some of the students fled homes that flooded; one watched the stream behind his house rise over sandbags and another recalled a man dragging his dog out from under rubble.
The memories spilled out during a series of workshops this month as the school marked the one-year anniversary of the storm. Facilitator Jamie Howard of the Child Mind Institute said the students' stories were a starting point for them to feel a sense of control over an event that dramatically affected their lives.
"Ever since Hurricane Sandy I hate water," one student admitted. "Ocean water. I can't stand it."
Everyone at the school was touched by the storm even if their homes weren't hit. The school's basement was flooded, forcing I.S. 2 to relocate into New Dorp High School for one month. Guidance counselor Elizabeth Duberstein said she still sees lingering signs of the storm's impact.
"They are not focusing in class, they are not doing their homework," she said of the most affected students. "I know of a few cases where some students are not in their houses and they're just very unfocused when they're in class because they're always thinking about other things that are going on - understandably so."
Principal Adrienne Stallone said she knows some students are anxious about storms and even the recent tornado warning. After one of the Sandy workshops, Stallone said one student was very upset.
"She came downstairs, she was hysterical crying because she remembers that day clear as can be," Stallone said. To hear more from the middle schoolers and their view on Sandy one year later, listen to the full report. Just click play above.
How has your life changed since Sandy? Thousands of people in New York and New Jersey found their daily routines changed after Sandy. One year after the storm, let us know what you do differently because that newsstand on the corner is no longer there, your neighbor has moved or your favorite restaurant is closed. Tell us about a specific time of day that Sandy has changed forever.


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By Sharon Wootton
The list of unintended consequences that humans fail to realize (or ignore) before committing is long.
Want to raise fur-bearing animals? Import nutrias from South America, starting in California in 1899. Don't worry about the escapees. Fur market collapses? Release the animals.
Or sell the plant-eaters to control noxious weeds in wetland areas. Decades down the road, resort to killing the countless generations of prolific-breeding descendants because, not knowing they were to stick with the weeds, the nutrias also ate native aquatic vegetation and nearby crops.
The worse destruction came from decimating the banks of lakes and freshwater and brackish marshes because the nutrias ate native plants that prevented erosion, reducing important habitat as well.
Welcome to Nutriaville, where the semiaquatic 2-foot-long rodents (plus a 12- to 16-inch tail), also known as swamp rats, better the native wildlife.
More than 600 nutria farms operated in Washington and Oregon in the mid-20th century. While Washington doesn't have the extreme nutria problem that Louisiana and other states have, it would be foolish to be lulled into complacency.
Nutria have been trapped and caught along the shores of Lake Washington. Skagit County has had to deal with them for years, in part because they burrow into its dikes and weaken the structures. The burrows can be up to 18 feet long.
There have been many eradication programs in many states, but for some states, such as Louisiana, it's too late to reset the dial to zero.
Also on the downside, nutria can be infected with tularemia, a bacterial disease that can be spread to humans through biting insects or contact with the animal or its feces.
Swamp rats prefer the tasty lower stems of plants, destroying a plant for about 10 percent of its area, a process that often involves pulling up the root system. Since the ravenous nutria eats about 25 percent of its body weight each day, the swamp rat and its kin's daily intake can decimate an area.
Other nutria-related number:
•Adults weight 12 to 20 pounds.
Two large yellowish-orange incisors, prominently displayed.
Can stay submerged up to 10 minutes.
Nutrias stay near water; most travel no more than 600 feet from home.
Few nutrias live longer than three years in the wild, which is good because males are ready for sex at 4 to 9 months of age; females are ready at 3 to 9 months. That can mean two litters and pregnant with a third in one year.
Average litter size is five but can have as many as 13.
Fifteen states have stable or growing populations.
Each year millions of dollars are spent to eradicate nutria in several states because large populations can cause billions of dollars in damages.
Last fall, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Wildlife Services sent out teams to kill nutria to protect places such as Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Maryland.
If all else fails, there's always the nutria-as-delicacy option, perhaps an opening for an entrepreneur. One New Orleans recipe is ragodin au choux rouge (nutria with caramelized red cabbage and honey mustard sauce); another is to take the meat, said to taste like rabbit, and turn it into nutria sausage.
The swamp rat is, after all, high in protein and low in fat, according to Louisiana's Chef Philippe, who one year helped stage a nutria dinner in New Orleans with a nutria fur coat fashion show.
Columnist Sharon Wootton can be reached at 360-468-3964 or www.songandword.com.


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It is never good to hear a phone ring at one in the morning. Saturday night had just faded into Sunday morning. The tear-soaked voice on the other end of the line was my sixty-nine year old father telling me his "Daddy" just died. My grandpa was ninety-six. His ailing heart had had enough. At 12:15am Edward John Rehfeldt Jr. took his last breath.
Jake woke up the next morning and came into the bedroom. He looked at my face. Jake knew. "Great Grandpa is dead." To the ears of a twelve year-old, those words must ring with a stark finality. For Jake, this is his second direct experience with death. Five years ago we lost my grandmother. Death is not like in a Harry Potter movie. Some dark cloud does not swirl over your house and then, like crows born from a black hole, dark, cloak-draped skeletons descend from the heavens to look for you and your sick loved one.
In "real life", the news of a death comes simply, like a stray dog that walks into your back door unannounced. The information and the facts arrive in the most pedestrian way: a telephone ringing.
Lately Jake has been obsessed with listening to the Flaming Lips. Since we heard the news, I've caught Jake twice singing in the shower. The tune? The Flaming Lips song is "Do You Realize." Actually Jake has been singing it all week. In the shower, in the car and up in his room. At one point, while I was making dinner and I stopped to listen to him. Then I finally heard these words:
Do You Realize – that you have the most beautiful face
Do You Realize – we're floating in space
Do You Realize – that happiness makes you cry
Do You Realize – that everyone you know someday will die
And instead of saying all of your goodbyes – let them know
You realize that life goes fast
It's hard to make the good things last
You realize the sun doesn't go down
It's just an illusion caused by the world spinning round
At twenty-five, I experienced losing my beautiful, graceful mother. Jake's sweet voice brings back wonderful memories of my mother and grandparents and the terrific pain of their losses. I believe that love is transferred from us into the lives of others. When I Jake sings I know this could not be more true.


text: A project to collect information regarding the Sheinfeld family, originally from Putsuntei, Moldova. Immigrated to Canada between 1916-1925, and now has descendants throughout Canada and the United States. The main point of interest of this project is that it collects family documents relating to the extended Sheinfeld family (click on the project documents field to see). To see photos of individual people, click on the person's name, and go to the 'media' tab. The photos are not collected centrally.


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Ricoh SA is entering the managed document services (MDS) market to meet the rapidly evolving requirements of the local market and make the next natural progression from managed print services (MPS).
Ricoh SA has been gearing skills and expertise to build on its managed print services offering, from which MDS stems, and draws on its international parent's scrutinisation of thousands of projects to focus on top customer concerns.
"Customers are primarily dealing with cost control, environmental sustainability, information security, governance, business process efficiency, organisation change management, information worker productivity, information optimisation, and strategic infrastructure," says Michael Barnett, MDS business manager at Ricoh SA.
It is a misnomer to think that international markets have long ago progressed to seeing the necessity for and employing MDS while South African organisations have been laggard. A 2010 study conducted by IDC on behalf of Ricoh demonstrated that many C-level executives underestimated the impact of document costs on their organisations. The real impact, according to the study, is that a large business can save 15% of its annual revenue through effective document management.
A significant and growing challenge that companies will face in the future is managing more documents with fewer resources. Based on a series of European focus groups, research firm IDC predicts that by 2020 digital information will have grown by a factor of 30 while the number of IT employees to manage it only by a factor of 1,4. In those findings IDC estimates that an organisation with 1 000 knowledge workers loses an annual $6 million because employees are searching for, recreating, and reformatting information.
"The research mirrors what we are seeing in South Africa," says Barnett. "Many businesses are seeing the need for MDS, they can see the benefits to be had, but they simply don't have the time and resources required to get the job done properly and meet their future needs."
Ricoh's offering will centre on what it calls its adaptive model, which consists of five phases. The first is understanding the customer's environment, their current state. Improvement maps the desired state. Transformation deals with deployment. Govern ensures objectives are met. And optimise addresses ongoing improvements.
The model relies on the three stages of engagement based on consultants with Project Management Institute (PMI) and PRINCE2 project management methodology certifications and based on international best practices. Service management is catered to with ITIL and ISO20001-certified people for governance and optimisation. The third pillar is organisational change management, paramount to the successful adoption of any new process or function which relies on creating awareness, desire, and knowledge.
The adaptive model also relies on a holistic, vendor-agnostic approach to information, infrastructure, and process management. The model will be extended once the international Ricoh research and development team creates its suite of cloud-based tools for device and print management, optimisation and decision support.
The organisational change management component of the model links the five phases to several functions grouped under project management and service management. At the highest level are environmental impact analysis, environmental sustainability design, environmental sustainability education and training, environmental sustainability governance, and carbon footprint balancing.
Into those are grouped 20 services ranging from output analysis to equipment configuration and consumables management to create the full set of Ricoh MDS services.
About Ricoh
Ricoh is a global technology company specialising in office imaging equipment, production print solutions, document management systems and IT services. Headquartered in Tokyo, Ricoh Group, operates in more than 200 countries and regions. In the financial year ending March 2012, Ricoh Group had worldwide sales of 1,903 billion yen (approx. 23 billion USD).
The majority of the company's revenue comes from products, solutions and services that improve the interaction between people and information. Ricoh also produces award-winning digital cameras and specialised industrial products. It is known for the quality of its technology, the exceptional standard of its customer service and sustainability initiatives.
Under its corporate tagline, imagine. change. Ricoh helps companies transform the way they work and harness the collective imagination of their employees.
For further information, please visit http://www.ricoh.co.za/about-ricoh/index.aspx
For further information, please contact:
Ricoh South Africa
Michael Barnett
Tel.: +27 (0)11 723 5113
E-mail: email@example.com
Michelle Oelschig
Tel: +27 (0)83 636 1766
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Home page: www.ricoh.co.za
Join us on Facebook: www.ricoh-europe.com/ricoheurope
Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ricoheurope
Register for the Ricoh media centre at: www.ricoh-europe.com/press
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U.S. State Department
U.S. Official Freezes Over Question on Saudi ArabiaThe State Department's Stuart Jones appeared took a 20-second-long silent pause when a reporter asked him about U.S.' backing of democracy and Saudi Arabia
U.S. Diplomats Criticize Immigration Ban as UnhelpfulForeign embassies report widespread anger and condemnation as a result of Donald Trump's executive order.
Tillerson at Odds with Trump on Key IssuesTillerson said his differences with Trump on some major issues would not necessarily put him at loggerheads with the White House.
Kerry Apologizes for Past LGBT Firings at State DeptKerry apologized to hundreds of State Department employees who were fired after the start of the Cold War for being gay in what is known as the "lavender scare."
What WikiLeaks Reveals About Trump's State Dept. PickAmerican diplomats documented some of Rex Tillerson's global dealings in State Department cables leaked to WikiLeaks in 2010.
Why the U.S. Spends More on War Than DiplomacyThe Pentagon has more members of the military serving in marching bands than the State Department has career diplomats.
Global Terrorist Attacks Down 13 Percent in 2015It's the first time since 2012 that terrorist incidents have declined.
The Scandal Over Clinton's Emails Still Isn't a ScandalA close reading of the new report shows this is a nonissue for the presidential race.
New Batch of Hillary Clinton Emails to Be Released at 9 P.M.The new batch will be the largest made public thus far.
Why Is The Administration Downplaying People Trafficking?Diplomats are covering up the trade in human lives in China, Cuba and Malaysia.
Boehner: Hillary Clinton Should Hand Over Private Email Server"At this point the best thing for Mrs. Clinton to do is to come clean and just turn the server over to the IG (inspector general) at the State Department," Boehner said.
Pentagon Plans More Support for Ukraine as Buffer Zone MootedThe White House is considering a plan to give radar and train Kiev's army.
U.S. Report on Human Trafficking Upgrades Cuba and MalaysiaRights groups question better grades for countries with which the U.S. seeks closer ties
America's Secret Banjo Diplomacy With IranNow that they've agreed to a nuclear deal, can art, sports and science help create a thaw between Washington and Tehran?
Iran Extends Interim Nuclear Deal Deadline to July 7Six major powers and Iran have decided to extend the original June 30 deadline to July 7 to allow more time for negotiations.
Iran Set to Miss Nuclear Deal Deadline; Diplomats Ramp Up NegotiationsDiplomats said the talks in Vienna would run for as long as necessary to reach a deal.
81% More Deaths Due to Terrorism in 2014, State Department SaysAn alarming 32,727 people were killed in 13,463 attacks in 2014.
Kerry Meets Putin to Gauge Russia's Flexibility on Ukraine Involvement, Syria PresidentKerry met Putin on Tuesday to probe Russia's willingness to curb its involvement in Ukraine and its backing of Syria's president.
Kerry Heads to Russia to Discuss Ukraine, Syria, Iran With PutinU.S. Secretary of State John Kerry will meet Russian President Vladimir Putin in Sochi, Russia, on Tuesday to discuss Ukraine and other issues, the United States said on Monday.
U.S. State Department Appoints First Special Envoy for LGBT Rights"Defending and promoting the human rights of LGBT persons is at the core of our commitment to advancing human rights globally."
State Department's Unclassified Email Systems HackedThe maintenance has affected unclassified email traffic and employee access to public websites from the unclassified system, anofficial said.
How the West is Pushing Putin's ButtonsThe U.S. Treasury is taking the lead in punishing Russia as Washington develops a new kind of warfare
Murder in JuarezDid a federal agent know an American was targeted for assassination and say nothing?
The Movie Transcendence Takes On Consciousness and the SingularityThe characters in Transcendence are way beyond crushing on their OS: They're having their consciousness uploaded onto the Internet
Go East, Young RentersThe rapid and sometimes ruthless gentrification of San Francisco threatens to kill the neighborhoods that made it The City
Justice for Rape Camp SurvivorsSex crimes during Bosnia's war inspire Angelina Jolie's campaign for justice
Death on the FarmAmerican farmers are a dying breed, in part because they're killing themselves at a shocking rate.
Solitude's DespairSolitary confinement is a moral outrage, a living death that leaves inmates praying for the needle
It's a Plane. It's a Yacht. No, It's Your Tuition BillSending a kid to college costs 40 percent of a typical family's income


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Description: This right-angle tactile switch has a great 'click' to it. Also, because it's a through-hole design it's very sturdy. Mount it on the edge of your board for easy access. These are rated for 12VDC at 50mA.
when are you going to start selling left angle buttons?
You can just turn the button around to make it a left angle. looks symmetrical to me.
Links to the Eagle footprints don't work. Anyone got a working footprint?
i'm looking for a regular 'on/off' button. Is this what this is?
That depends on what you mean by on/off button :)
This is a momentary button.. so you push it to make contact, and when you let go, it breaks contact. Almost all buttons at this size tend to be.
If you wanted one that you push to turn something on, then it remains on when you let go, and push it again to turn something off, you end up with something like Stomp Switch - DPDT, or another type of switch entirely.
Note that if you're using a microcontroller / arduino / whathaveyou, you can pretty easily turn a momentary button into a non-momentary one in the code you'd write; as long as it wouldn't be used as a power switch to the microcontroller itself ( that would require further shenanigans :) )
Looks like you could even mount it on the edge of a PCB, with a little elbow grease; For prototypes that saves drilling some holes by hand.
Can we get a EAGLE footprint for this?
You can find it in this library.
Oops. I forgot to update that link after I moved the library. You can now find it here. No guarantees that the footprint works perfectly though.
No reviews yet.


text:
Archived Feature
1974 Chevrolet Malibu Classic
Guided by the importers, environmentalists, legislators and gasoline refiners, Detroit translates the writing on the wall, and discovers it spells Small Cars.
From the October 1973 Issue of Car and Driver
Chevrolet enters 1974 with a new nameplate: the Malibu Classic. This is distinguishable from more mundane Chevelles because of its life-like reproduction of a Mercedes-Benz 450 SE grille complete with stand-up ornament. If that weren't enough, opera windows have been carved into the rear to quiet the protesting moans of countless Chevrolet dealers. But instead of using the Monte Carlo's notchback roofline in conjunction with the miniaturized quarter-windows, Chevrolet has merely blanked off the major expanse of last year's triangular glass and covered it over with a vinyl roof. The dealers should love it.


text:
Parents, We need your help!
Concession Stand Volunteers Needed
We need a parent every night to work with kids who are volunteering to run concessions. We are no longer allowing children under 14 to work, unless they have a parent with them. I know we are all very busy, and traveling, working etc....but we need everyones help for this to work.
Sign-up now
3655 W Anthem Way, Suite A-109-228Anthem, Arizona 85086


text:
- Personal Protection
- Distinguished Alumni
- Faux Walls
- Cinco de Mayo
- Tin Man
- Retirees
- Retirees
- CNA Class
- Natatorium
- Commencement
- Student of the Year
- Student of the Year
- Career
Spring 2013 Photography Classes
CONTACT: Myrna Whitehead
(806) 716-2212
Fall 2012
SPC announces spring 2013 photography class schedule
LEVELLAND – South Plains College recently released the spring 2013 photography schedule. The classes are designed to improve the skill set of digital photo enthusiasts.
Classes of different levels that build on each previous class will be offered starting Jan. 5 through May 2013. Each class is an 8-hour intensive workshop held on a Saturday through the spring semester at the various SPC campuses in our service area.
Spring Classes will include:
Digital JumpStart class will cost $40. This class is designed for the new photographer to learn the "in-and-outs" of your camera and to teach the participant how to get the most out of their camera. In Levelland, the class will be offered from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Jan. 5, Jan. 19 and March 2. In Plainview, the class will be offered from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Jan. 26.
Basketball Sports Photography Workshop will cost $50. Students will learn the proper techniques needed to cover fast-action sporting events. In Levelland, the class will be offered from noon to 5 p.m. on Jan. 12 at the Texan Dome.
Fund raiser Photoshop Workshop will be offered from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Jan. 26 in Levelland in the Technical Arts Building. The room number will be announced. This class will be designed for beginner to advanced Photoshop users. It will focus on instruction in editing, sizing, enhancement of images, layers, color corrections and printing. Students will need to bring images on a pen drive or some type of media that they can save their images back on. The cost will be $50 per person, and all the proceeds will go to the SPC Decomm Group to help defray the cost of national trade conference in late March 2013. Contact Paul Davidson at (806) 716-2348 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Intermediate Digital class will cost $50. The class will build on the JumpStart Class to cover more advanced techniques and using camera strobe and fill flash. The class will be offered from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Feb. 2 at the Reese Center campus in Building 8.
In February, a Studio Portrait Class will be offered from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Feb. 9 in Levelland in Room 113 of the Technical Arts Building. On Feb. 16 an Advanced Indoor Lighting Workshop will be taught from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. in Levelland in Room 113 of the Technical Arts Building.An Indoors and Outdoors Workshop is set from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Feb. 23 in Plainview in Room 101 at the SPC Plainview Center.
A Golden Lighting Outdoor Workshop will be offered from 4 p.m. to 11 p.m. on May 4 at SPC Reese Center in Building 8. A Golden Lighting Morning Workshop will be offered from 6 a.m. to noon on May 11 at SPC Reese Center in Building 8.
The Nighttime Digital Photography will be taught during late evening into the night from 4 p.m. to 11 p.m. on April 13 in Room 101 at SPC Plainview Center and April 20 at SPC Reese Center in Building 8. Students must have taken the Jump Start Class prior to taking this class. The cost is $50.
For more information, contact Kasey Reyes at (806) 716-2341 or Underwood at (806) 716-2215 or via email at email@example.com.


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Ex-wife of child murderer Marc Dutroux on conditional release
The ex-wife and accomplice of Marc Dutroux, the convicted child murderer whose crimes horrified Belgium in the mid-1990s, is to be released from prison and sent to a convent, a court ruled yesterday.
Dutroux was arrested in 1996 and later found guilty of kidnapping and raping six girls. He killed two of them and left two others to starve to death in a makeshift dungeon.
His former wife, Michelle Martin, has been behind bars since 1996 – she had been sentenced to 30 years in jail for her part in helping Dutroux. Having served half of her term, Martin has been cleared for conditional release, and yesterday a court in the Belgian city of Mons accepted a plan to house her in a convent.
The decision angered the families of victims. "I have a profound rage," Jean-Denis Lejeune, father of Julie, one of the girls left to die in the cellar, told Belgian broadcaster RTL.
"You kill a child, you rape a child. They are raped, they are killed for life." While only the Belgian prosecutor can appeal against the ruling, a lawyer for the families of two victims said they would challenge the way the case was handled.


text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
In A Mellow Tone
Features of This Trackswing era roots
a piano solo
an acoustic bass solo
electric guitar accompaniment
a mid-tempo swing feel
use of call-and-response melodies
a groove oriented approach
and many other similarities identified in the Music Genome Project
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
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text:
Burglar.com is illegal, coppers claim
They're gonna sit on the fence
A web site that connects the victims of a burglary with the people who have their property is illegal, according to the police.
Theburglar.com bills itself as a "Link to the underground". There are three ways to register.
1) As a finder. In this category, you are completely anonymous, and theburglar.com guarantees not to pass information on to the police.
2) As a victim. You pay a fee of £5.95 per item which covers a two year period, to post an advertisment for the object you are seeking.
3) As an insurance company. This is the only case in which a subscriber has access to the databse of found items.
Either of the latter two parties can negotiate with the first to determine the value of a reward for the recovery of any items.
A spokesman for the association of chief police officers commented: "This certainly seems to be breaking some laws in this country by selling openly acknowledged stolen goods."
However, the issue is not so clear cut since it involves the Internet. A spokesman for the NCIS (National Criminal Intelligence Service) says that the problem with Internet crime is that it can be committed in one country, broadcasting the site in a second country and the victim could be in a third. All the laws will be different, so actually working out which ones have been broken is a bit of a headache.
The site has been operating in the US and Denmark for a while, and has recently expanded into the UK. ®


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Thread: Teleconference About Home Dialysis 8/20 - Tell Your Friends Who Aren't on Home Dialysis About It
July 15, 2014, 08:33 PM #1Resource/Policy Associate Registered User
- Join Date
- 06-25-04
- Location
- Kansas
- Posts
- 1,784
Teleconference About Home Dialysis 8/20 - Tell Your Friends Who Aren't on Home Dialysis About It
The Heartland Kidney Network (Network 12), Northwest Renal Network (Network 16), and Medical Education Institute (MEI) are sponsoring a teleconference for patients with home dialysis experts (nephrologist, home nurse, Network staff, and patient representative) this Sunday (July 20):
4 p.m. Eastern
3 p.m. Central
2 p.m. Mountain
1 p.m. Pacific
noon in Alaska
10 a.m. in Hawaii
Register by calling Sharlyn Bogner at 816-880-1706 or email her at firstname.lastname@example.com. The Heartland Kidney Network is moving and extended the deadline to register to July 17 at 5:00 p.m. CDT.
Once you're registered, to access the teleconference, call 888-537-7715 and enter 63999479# when prompted for the code.Beth Witten MSW ACSW LSCSW
Medical Education Institute, Inc.


text:
PFT Live: RGIII looks shaky in second preseason game
Posted by Bill Leopold on August 19, 2014, 4:45 PM EDT
Mike Florio and Rich Tandler of CSN Washington break down Robert Griffin III's performance in his second preseason game. Tandler says Griffin is a crossroads already in his career, where he can either learn to protect himself on the field or he will risk suffering another major injury.
Permalink 9 Comments Latest Stories in: PFT Live, Videos, Washington Redskins
9 Responses to "PFT Live: RGIII looks shaky in second preseason game"


text:
Antenna can easily be repositioned
Enhanced strength
Outstanding performance for years
Pro Series Antennas offer a breakthrough design - they're the only marine antennas in the world which can be removed and remounted on the boat at the user's convenience. The P6142 enables radio reception further out to sea. Designed to "twin" with the P6123 and P6122 VHF antennas. Glossy ultraglass and stainless steel ferrules enhance the appearance and strength of the antenna.


text:
New Member Introductions
New members check-in, introduce yourselves, and post a picture of your BMW here!
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Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2012
Location: Indianapolis
Posts: 21
My Ride: E46, GMC Conversion.
Newbie looking for a Convertible E46 & few questions
Hello everyone my first post here. I'm from Indianapolis.
I am looking to buy a E46 convertible for a good weather commuter/weekend toy.
I have had owned in the past -
'88 Toyota MR2 Supercharged MT
'96 Mazda Miata MT
'05 Mini Cooper S JCW Convertible MT
Owned each of these on average 2-3 years.
I had to sell my Mini Cooper Convertible last year. I hated to sell it, but I had to.
I'm now looking for a convertible that has 4 seats and Automatic Transmission.
No. No. I'm not going with G6, Saab, Volvo, Toyota, etc.
I want a fairly nice convertible that I can enjoy with my family.
How would the E46 convertible compare with say, AUDI A4 or MB CLK?
Few questions to the experts in this forum...
- Something I should be looking for? certain year I should be avoiding?
- how easy are they to work on?
- I'm looking to spend about $7-8. What model/mileage can I expect?
- How reliable are they? Any particular item that is problematic on E46?
I'm OK with DIY maintenance/repairs. I can do mostly on chassis and electrical work... but can't do any major engine work (like swaps and rebuilds) or body work.
Any comments / recommendations are appreciated. Thanks!!!
Last edited by jasonsjwou; 10-30-2012 at 09:08 AM.
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