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Seconds before the hit in question, Dennis Wideman was rocked along the boards by Predators winger Miikka Salomaki. Wideman appeared somewhat dazed and agitated as he skated slowly to his bench as play resumed. Just as Wideman approached the gate he raised his arms in a distinct crosschecking motion milliseconds before running into the back of an unsuspecting Don Henderson in Calgary on Jan. 27, 2016.
NHL linesman Don Henderson has filed a $10.25 million lawsuit against the Calgary Flames and defenceman Dennis Wideman.
NHL linesman Don Henderson has filed a $10.25 million lawsuit against the Calgary Flames and defenceman Dennis Wideman.
In a statement of claim filed in Calgary Court of Queen's Bench, Henderson says he has not been able to return to work officiating NHL games since the Jan. 27, 2016, incident, which landed Wideman a 10-game suspension.
His court document says Henderson was injured by Wideman during a game at the Scotiabank Saddledome between the Flames and Nashville Predators.
"During the second period of the game, as the Nashville Predators were moving the puck forward and exiting their own zone, Don Henderson was skating backwards watching the play ," his statement of claim says.
"Suddenly and without warning Wideman, who was skating out of the Calgary Flames zone towards the bench ... to make a line change, lifted his arms and violently struck Don Henderson from behind, propelling him down to the ice."
The claim alleges "Wideman intentionally and deliberately struck (the plaintiff)."
Henderson suffered multiple injuries as a result of the incident and the Calgary resident has required periods of physiotherapy, chiropractic, massage and other medical treatments.
He has also required psychological counseling, the claim states.
"Wideman knew or ought to have known that his actions ... would result in damage to Don Henderson," the lawsuit alleges.
"Wideman disregarded the National Hockey League official rules, specifically in respect of physical abuses of officials and in doing so ought to have known that his actions would cause injury, loss and damage to an unsuspecting Don Henderson.
"Wideman knew or ought to have known that by elevating his arms and hockey stick and violently striking (the plaintiff) from behind, that he would injure an unsuspecting Don Henderson."
Among the injuries suffered by the linesman was a concussion, neck wound which required surgery and pain, numbness and tingling in his right arm and hand.
Wideman was suspended by the league a week later for 20 games for deliberately striking an official and causing injury.
The suspension was upheld on appeal, but an independent arbitrator later halved the banishment.
The NHL appealed that ruling to a U.S. district court, but a judge ruled in March the 10-game ban would stand.
Henderson's claim says he "has suffered a limitation of activities and loss of enjoyment of life, and will continue to suffer a limitation of activities and loss of enjoyment of life."
The hit has directly impacted his ability to do his job, it says.
"The plaintiff has been and continues to be unable and restricted in the ability to work as he has yet to get cleared to officiate National Hockey League games," the claim says.
He's seeking general damages of $200,000, special damages for loss of housekeeping ability, yard work and hospital expenses of $50,000 and $10 million in damages for lost income to date and in the future and loss of earning capacity.
The Flames are named as a defendant as being vicariously liable for the actions of their employee.
Statements of defence disputing the unproven allegations have not been filed.
On Twitter: @KMartinCourts


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Author Archives: Jon Edwards
Lunch & Learn: Computing at Princeton: Short observations and tall stories
Few people know that Princeton University's association with computers and computing predates the ENIAC. Jon goes back to the days of John von Neumann, Oswald Veblen, Alan Turing, John Tukey, and winds his way forward through the memorable days of … Continue reading
Lunch & Learn: Optimizing fusion particle codes for massively parallel computers
The last decade has witnessed a rapid emergence of larger and faster computing systems in the US. Massively parallel machines have gone mainstream and are now the tool of choice for large scientific simulations. Keeping up with the continuously evolving … Continue reading
Lunch & Learn: Video Journey: Past, Present, Future
In its youth, which seems only now to be ending, film-making and film-editing required an immense amount of expensive and specialized hardware and a hefty range of fine technical skills. Today, suggested Dave Hopkins and Jim Grassi at the October … Continue reading
Lunch & Learn: Improving Wikipedia
Wikipedia, said David Goodman at the October 13 Lunch 'n Learn seminar, is by far the most used online encyclopedia, and the most referenced source in the world, with more than 338 million unique visitors a month. It contains articles in more … Continue reading
Lunch & Learn: On the Formation of Massive Galaxies
All who listen to Jerry Ostriker, Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University, come to know that we live in profoundly exciting times. We have learned only recently the age and composition of the universe, and for the first time, … Continue reading

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Cute way to pin back front sections?
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Tuesday, September 17, 2013 at 04:28PM
my hair also grows forward. i always part on the side. sometimes i clip it while drying but mostly not. and there is a curl from the middle top that curls down over my forehead!
some days my hair behaves and does not curl over my face, other days not.
so, then i clip it when it is almost dry or dry -- i found some cute snap clips that are tiny and i can put right on the front side. sometimes i use a larger barrette and just ciip it in maybe 3 inches down from top of my head.
sometimes i take out clips after a bit, other days they stay in .
it's trial and error, and as every curly girl knows, each day is different!
i've bought clips/barrettes different sizes, look in cvs, walgreens, rite aid, ulta, etc.....
[FONT="Arial Narrow"]
3a, some 2c & 3b, medium texture, porosity normal, low elasticity
washing/cowashing, conditioning, protein tx
: [I] curl junkie products
leave in:
cj conditioners and treatments as leave in
cj aloe fix gel, cj pattern pusha, cj honey butta leave in, cj cccc, cj ciab.
- jane carter nourish & shine


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OK I have been browsing around theme forest for a solution to my website problems. I currently have WP installed because I love the features it offers. I however cannot find a theme ANYWHERE that has been a good fit for my site.
My business is Freight Broker Training and I also sell products too. I need a theme which will not only offer information about my programs but also be attractive to the buyer to purchase a product or two and also enroll in my training programs.
I currently have a theme installed from "Elegant Themes". The theme i currently have installed is "Minimal". I do not necessarily like the theme but it was the easiest to work with to make it work correctly. They have a "E Panel" where you can pretty much make the theme do what you want as far as Logo, Keywords and Meta etc. I love this part about the theme.
What I do not like is the look and feel. I like themes that offer attractive color combinations but still give you a professional feel. I have been looking at the "Dr Lawyer" theme on here but honestly I am tired of buying themes that I cannot edit and also will not work on my site. It is not the themes fault, I am just not a web designer and I am cash strapped right now so I need a solution quickly to increase SALES!
What I am looking for?
I need a theme with attractive colors such as "Dr Lawyer" I need a theme that will also be able to place a "Call To Action" to my customers The theme must be easily edited, I can edit a basic CSS file but that is about it. I really do not know which file to edit half the time. I am not and idiot, I am just not a web designer. I like clean fonts like ARIAL not all of the "Goofy" fonts that so many themes have. I also like fonts that are 14px for the content. It seems all of the themes fonts are TOO SMALL. I like the DHTML Menus for my products I want a theme that is attractive, sales oriented that displays what I am trying to get across to my customer. I just need some help and advise on how to do this best.
I do not knwo if this is the right forum for this or not. My site is http://www.freightbrokertrainer.com any and all help is appreciated. I am at the point of giving up a percentage of the revenue to get this accomplished.
Please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com or post here. I appreciate the help.
Email sent.
Hi Guys
I actually DO NOT like the "Dr Lawyer" theme. I actually like the design of The Themeforest site for fonts , colors and layout. This is the one I was talking about.


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This week's challenge at Meljen's Designs is to make a Halloween card. If I were to be honest I would have to say that Halloween isn't my most favorite time of year, but I love making Halloween cards. Meljen's have some wonderful new Halloween image releases that you can use to make amazing cards. If you want to check out her new release images just click here. You should see all the great DT cards for this weeks challenge, so hop on over to see these amazing cards and join in on the challenge! Just click here to go on over an do so! OK, so here's my card!
The two new images I used are called "Little Scaredy Cat" and "Country Star Pumpkin". I colored them using copic markers and shaded underneath the pumpkins with copic markers as well. Then I just cut out the images and adhered them to make a Halloween scene! I hope you decide to join us this week at Meljen's Designs for our Halloween Challenge!
Thanks so much for dropping by today,


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Developments on breast cancer vaccines?
- Question from Eriana: Were there any new developments regarding breast cancer vaccines and their use for metastatic disease?
- Answers - Kathy D. Miller, M.D. I saw no new studies about vaccines. This was not a big focus of the meeting this year. Several of the small vaccine studies that were really looking at the safety and feasibility of this approach had updates and longer term results. But I didn't see any important new studies in this area.
The Ask-the-Expert Online Conference called Updates From the 2009 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium featured Kathy Miller, M.D. and Kristin Brill, M.D., F.A.C.S. answering your questions about the latest updates on breast cancer risk, screening techniques, treatment options, and more.
Editor's Note: This conference took place in December 2009.
The materials presented in these conferences do not necessarily reflect the views of Breastcancer.org. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product or regimen discussed. All readers should verify all information and data before employing any therapies described here.
A production of LiveWorld, Inc.
Copyright 2010. All rights reserved.


text: I have to wonder about this . Have been researching what I would call the original assault weapons ban which is the 1984 firearms owner protection act . It was introduced as an act to stop ATF abuses and certain elected officials installed the machinegun ban and other restrictions at a last minute deal . Do a search on this and read the wickipiedia explaination of it . There was a lot of hard feelings over this , the N.R.A took a bad rap for this and lost a lot of members for it , but it wasn't their fault , our elected,s slid this in at the last moment . I remember being at knob creek some years ago and a fellow there that run the show was urging N.R.A. Membership drive and asking fellow shooters to put aside the undeserved predjuices and join the fight against Clinton's AWB . It's been a long time , don't remember the fellows name or the exact content of the fellows speech , but it was an eye opener for an outsider of the class three world As to how this came about . As of now there are less than a couple hundred thousand legally owned machine guns in citizens hands . The search also helped me to understand why i hear there is no gun registration and technically there is , again a decieving bill . We definitely need to contact our reps , at this time it is the only hope we have , Kenneth


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Simonton Windows
Ph: 800/746-6686
Similar in design to impact-resistant glass packages found in code-driven coastal area homes, SafePoint glass is available as an option on Simonton ProFinish Brickmould 600 windows and doors to offer no-effort protection for the home, 24-hours a day, seven days a week, the manufacturer states. The glass package can give homeowners peace-of-mind for protection against severe weather and potential intruders, and also helps prevent unwanted outside noise from entering the home, an important benefit if a house is located in a high traffic area, near an airport, railway or urban center. Windows and doors with the glass have passed ASTM E1886-05/1996-09 at the Missile "C" level and can withstand repeated blows by a heavy object, the company reports. Products with the glass can also be ordered to meet Energy Star guidelines for all areas of the country. Other options include Decorum by Simonton laminated woodgrain interiors and a variety of exterior colors, distinctive hardware, simulated divided lites and exterior flat casing trim that simulates the look of traditional wood windows and doors.
Browse Products
- Windows
- Entry Doors
- Interior Doors
- Patio Doors
- Screen and Storm Products
- Room Additions
- Skylights
- Composite & Fiberglass Components
- Computer Software & Systems
- Door & Window Hardware
- Door Processing Equipment
- Entry Door Components
- Frame & Sash Equipment
- Glass & IG Components
- Glass & IG Processing Equipment
- Installation & Trim
- Other Products & Services
- Roll-formed & Extruded Metal Comp.


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What better Christmas Eve treat than numbers 70 to 61 of out top article list?
As we crawl up the pecking order, just remember how rewarding it is when you find loose change down the side of the sofa. Every now and then you even strike the big time finding a fiver! And so it it with our round up between 70–61 which includes a host of treasure waiting to be checked out again! Dig in.
70 – Richard Hooker: City By The Bus Stop (November 1)
Richard Hooker astounded us with his extensive photography series documenting the diversity found in one of the last places where Londoners still mix freely – the humble bus stop.
69 – Olympic Table Tennis Players (August 3)
These photographs give us absolute unbridled joy. If you're into pausing a film at the very moment somebody pulls a weird face that normally goes unnoticed, you'll immediately understand our delight in these shots. Bravo mysterious photographer.
68 – Stiff: Pipes (November 12)
While smoking is for all the naughty girls and boys in the world, we absolutely loved Stiff's fresh pipe designs that are both colourful and renewable. If you're inclined to puff, there really isn't a better object to puff on…
67 – The Roundel: 100 Artists Remake a London Icon (September 20)
We indulged ourselves in the book that re-imagined the iconic London Underground Roundel (the blue line bisecting the red circle to you and me), and what a pleasantly invigorating journey of indulgence it was too, with a host of top drawer creatives turning their talents to the task.
66 – The Graduates 2012: Jake Evans (July 12)
This year's Graduates showcase once again blew us away with the super-talented young whippersnappers we were lucky enough to feature and although we don't go in for favourites, Jake Evans was a particular hit with our readers. His quirky, idea-led practice catapulted him into our top 100 here at number 68.
65 – Anton Renborg (October 12)
These sun-soaked shots by Anton Renborg brightened up our descent into the season of wintery wilderness. Anton has an uncanny ability to frame shots that spool out into entire stories and his sun-kissed skills have racked him up quite the client list.
64 – Dan Chehade: Max Identity (October 9)
There are times when graphic design screams out to you purely because of its beautiful simplicity. Dan Chehade's Max Identity was a perfect example and it's no surprise at all to see it in this list – perhaps the only eyebrow-raiser is that it didn't feature slightly higher up?
63 – Sharon Moody: Comic Book Paintings (May 21)
The incredibly detailed, life-like paintings Sharon Moody produced of comic books taught us a thing or two about the hyperreal, 2D representations of things we come across everyday. Photo-realism has never been so cool!
62 – GraphicDesign&: Page 1 – Great Expectations (May 8)
Bringing together 70 leading designers and typographers, GraphicDesign& celebrated the genius of Charles Dickens by presenting a whole host of wonderful interpretations of the first page of Great Expectations into one book, thereby exploring the ways in which the graphic designer's approach impacts on literary experience. Wowza this was good.
61 – Hajdu Bence: Abandoned Paintings (October 15)
Haidu Bence is a playful bean, artfully removing the subject matter of the most famous paintings in the world to leave nothing but the empty settings behind. Not only do induce enjoyable double-takes, but also make us question how we react to art in our now image-saturated culture.
- Hey presto, it's Best of the Web!
- Paris-based Studio Jimbo creates "impact and power" with punchy poster designs
- Minju An's oddly sinister illustrations depict strange characters and floating bread
- Friday Mixtape: Warpaint's Glastonbury picks
- Karifurav Caihua's weirdly erotic Japanese-inspired illustrations
- High octane Nike China animation gets kids to wear their bandages as a "badge of honour"
- "Evolve or die": Bloomberg Businessweek creative director Rob Vargas on the magazine's redesign
- Southbank Centre visual identity redesigned by North, to be a "confident masthead" for the institution
- Photographer Khadija Saye has died in the Grenfell Tower fire, her family confirm
- The Buzzfeed redesign: UK art director Tim Lane talks us through his seven-month overhaul
- Alex Norris' hilarious three-panelled webcomics are universally appealing
- Fresh Yale grad Franci Virgili applies an academic approach to graphic design


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Soi Dog Foundation's Mission Statement
To improve the welfare of dogs and cats in Asia, resulting in better lives for both the animal and human communities, to end animal cruelty, and to ultimately create a society without homeless animals.
About Soi Dog Foundation
The story of Tai Chi, one dog, among literally thousands that people like you have helped tells the story of Soi Dog. Tai Chi was found lying in the gutter, severely malnourished and could not even stand. The first photo you see is of Tai Chi when he was first brought to the shelter. The second photo was taken a month later with his new, loving owner Ina.
Soi Dog Foundation is a not-for-profit, legally registered charitable organization in Thailand, the United States, Australia, the UK, France, Canada and Holland. Soi Dog helps the homeless, neglected and abused dogs and cats of Asia, works to end the dog meat trade throughout the region, and responds to animal welfare disasters and emergencies. We aim to set an example for the Asian region on how to humanely reduce the number of unwanted dogs and cats through spaying and neutering, and to better the lives and living conditions of the stray dogs and feral cats of Asia.
De-sexing (Sterilization) has been proven to be the most effective way to help the animals. Soi Dog has reached a milestone of over 150,000 dogs and cats sterilized. Soi Dog is made up of people like you, all with a common goal of helping neglected and abused dogs & cats. If you would like to join Soi Dog by becoming a sponsor of a dog or cat, or as a volunteer please click on the links.
Please share Soi Dog with your friends...
To this end the Soi Dog Foundation has...
Soi Dog has reached a milestone of over 150,000 dogs and cats sterilized.
Thousands more have been treated for injury and disease by providing emergency and ongoing veterinary treatment for abused and neglected street dogs and cats. Note: Soi Dog does NOT provide commercial veterinary services.
Soi Dog runs a shelter and rehoming center for over 400 dogs that have been abandoned or abused and subjected to sometimes terrible cruelty.
We also feed hundreds of dogs and cats who live in temples, who have been rescued from the dog meat trade, and more.
How you can help
- Your financial support will make an immediate impact in helping the stray and neglected animals. The most effective way you can make a difference in the lives of these animals is by Sponsoring A Dog Or Cat Today.
- Soi Dog relies entirely on your donations to continue our work.
- You can make a regular monthly or one time donation to help the dogs and cats by clicking here: Donate Today.
- Donation Of Veterinary Supplies - veterinarians often contact Soi Dog regarding the donation of much needed medicines and equipment. Click here for additional details: Donation Of Veterinary Supplies
- Consider making a legacy gift to Soi Dog in your Will. Click here for information on: Soi Dog's Wills & Legacies Program
- You may wish to consider one of the above options as a gift to friends or family members. Soi Dog can send gift certificates to friends or family members as a personalized acknowledgement of your gift with a difference.
Soi Dog's charity registration numbers are: Thailand: Phor.Gor. 39/2548, registration number USA: 27-1600444 registration number Australia: 58982568831, charity registration number in Holland: 37120202, charity registration number in France: W332011412, charity registration number in the UK:1145142, registration number in Canada 981179-6


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4-H'ers Place at State Shooting Sports Match
Three Montgomery County 4-H members participated at the Shooting Sports State Match on September 28 at the Big Springs Range near Montezuma. Each placed in the top 10 in one of their disciplines, including a winner! Clay Jordon took top honors in in the combined junior/intermediate shotgun division. Evan Mellott placed 9th in the senior shotgun division, and Vincent Breedlove placed 10th in the senior archery compound.
4-H Safety and Education in Shooting Sports (SESS) uses skills and disciplines of shooting to assist young people and their leaders in obtaining knowledge and developing life skills. The disciplines include archery, rifle, shotgun, muzzleloader and wildlife skills. Members learn safe and responsible use of firearms and archery equipment including sound decision making, self-discipline, and concentration. The program promotes the highest standards of safety, sportsmanship, and ethical behavior. Youth are also encouraged an understanding of our natural resources and the development of a personal environmental stewardship ethic through participation in shooting, hunting, and related activities
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- About Us
- 4-H & Youth
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Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Carnival Town
Has got you under it's spell
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Has got you under it's spell
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Got to get this cd. Bought it and misplaced it...a real fav!
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|Home > National News > Article
Dropping a memo to Human Resources when office flirtation blossoms into a fling is hardly romantic, but it might be required one day.
Companies in the United States and Britain are already asking staff to declare workplace affairs, for fear of legal action by the disgruntled party if the relationship turns sour or claims of bias by miffed colleagues.
In the US, some new employees must sign a "love contract" promising not to sue their employer for sexual harassment if the romance cools. And 10 per cent of British firms expect staff to disclose a workplace relationship if it could lead to a "real or perceived conflict of interest".
But office lovers do not have to fess up here - yet.
In fact, most Australian managers would rather not have to confront the issue of sex in the office, says Grant Michelson, a lecturer in organisational studies at the University of Sydney.
Australian workers are also unlikely to welcome this invasion into their private life.
"The question of forcing people to reveal their office romances or relationships certainly smacks of a Big Brother approach," Dr Michelson said.
Eleven per cent of workers are sleeping with a colleague at any given time, according to University of Sydney research.
But only 13 per cent of firms have a formal policy to deal with office romances.
Workplace lawyers say these policies are more likely in the legal and financial sectors where conflicts of interest can arise.
For most companies, the best approach is to develop strong policies on sexual harassment, bullying and discrimination.
Jo Mithen, executive director of the Australian Human Resources Institute, questioned the need to regulate "adult behaviour" in the office.
"I would be much more concerned if one of my managers was having a relationship with a supplier than having a relationship with somebody in a different department," she said.
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Warlord may jump either way in a dangerous corner
Tax cheats thrive under GST
From the Gold Coast, a 'social leper' books his place in history
Pornography not just for the fellas as women fess up
Farmer Russell's new buy expands his rural empire
Economics of salvation
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'Skimmers' swipe $300m a year
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$3.4m drug haul charge
Girl raped in family home
CSIRO pushes top researcher into brain drain
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**** Part of the Dress Up Magivolve Express ****
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Coursework on English Literature Class
Posted On September 16th, 2007 | Coursework Writing
Writing an English literature coursework makes 30% of the student's final grade for English literature class which is studied at GCSE, A-level and college level. English literature embraces the investigation of various English writers of all times and centuries.
Writing an English literature coursework reflects the classroom practice and the student's abilities to read and comprehend the required material. The student is required to show the skills in the specific genres, styles, describing the main characters, topic and other important aspects of written works.
A good English literature coursework also demands:
- critical thinking skills and composition skills;
- original research of the problem;
- creative approach towards the study;
Writing an English Literature Coursework: Useful Hints
- if possible, try to select a topic that appeals to you – when the writer is involved in the process of writing, time spins away;
- be aware of the deadlines and stick to them – work out your personal plan that will help you to minimize efforts on time spent. Though writing an English literature coursework demands certain mood, you should work on the regular basis not to make big pauses in the writing process. When you come to writing your English literature coursework after 3 months of not even thinking of it you are most likely to fail writing in the same tone and manner, moreover, you may forget your previous achievements, or, what is worse, you may not find the materials available earlier.
- take your time – do not hesitate to edit and rewrite your draft, an English literature coursework is more essential than any other writing paper which requires from you a careful attitude to the language used. Be sure to follow the rules of formal writing and your professor's requirements.
- consult your professor – he/she is the most reliable source of the information on your topic. This is his/her opinion you should care of the most. What is also important for your work is that your professor may know all your strengths and weaknesses which he/she can use in a proper way for your benefit.


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Float switch
|This article does not cite any sources. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A float switch is a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used in a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or other devices.
Float switches range from small to large and may be as simple as a mercury switch inside a hinged float or as complex as a series of optical or conductance sensors producing discrete outputs as the liquid reaches many different levels within the tank. Perhaps the most common type of float switch is simply a float raising a rod that actuates a microswitch.
A very common application is in sump pumps and condensate pumps where the switch detects the rising level of liquid in the sump or tank and energizes an electrical pump which then pumps liquid out until the level of the liquid has been substantially reduced, at which point the pump is switched off again. Float switches are often adjustable and can include substantial hysteresis. That is, the switch's "turn on" point may be much higher than the "shut off" point. This minimizes the on-off cycling of the associated pump.
Some float switches contain a two-stage switch. As liquid rises to the trigger point of the first stage, the associated pump is activated. If the liquid continues to rise (perhaps because the pump has failed or its discharge is blocked), the second stage will be triggered. This stage may switch off the source of the liquid being pumped, trigger an alarm, or both.
See also[edit]
|This technology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text: This table is used for column layout. Middleton Public SchoolsHowe Manning SchoolFuller Meadow SchoolTritown School Union (Office of the Superintendent)Masconomet Regional School DistrictNorth Shore Technical High School Make a Payment Weather Forecast Meals-Congregate & Home Delivered Printer-Friendly Version Congregate Dining: Middleton COA serves lunch on Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays in our dining hall located at 38 Maple Street. You must call in advance to get your name on the list that day at 978-777-4067. Wednesday we have a Chef that cooks a special menu right on the premises. The cost for Wednesday meals is $3.00. Home Delivered Meals: 5 days a week for Meals-on-Wheels clients & some weekend meals, when qualified by North Shore Elder Services. The meals cost in excess of $5.50 and NSES requests donations to help defray costs, suggesting $2.25. Please see our monthly menu in the Newsletter for meals. Town of Middleton 48 South Main Street, Middleton, MA 01949 Website Disclaimer Privacy Statement Virtual Town Hall Website


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Please ignore, just testing things. - Donna
This sale has ended.
Includes taxes and fees. Additional baggage charges, fees for other optional services, and restrictions may apply. Specific travel dates apply. Fare availability is capacity controlled. Fares are nonrefundable except as stated in the United 24-hour flexible booking policy and are subject to change at any time. Advance purchase may be required. All fares are subject to United's Contract of Carriage.
Fares listed may be Basic Economy tickets which are subject to additional restrictions including, but not limited to: no seat selection or upgrades, no group or family seating, no full-sized carry-on bags and no flight changes or refunds except as stated in the United 24-hour flexible booking policy. Certain MileagePlus and MileagePlus Premier® member benefits are not available.
Redefine exotic with a visit to Asia. Immerse yourself in the modern marvels of Shanghai, the historical heartland of Beijing or the colorful city of Tokyo. Wherever you decide to fly, extraordinary experiences await. United offers more nonstop service to Asia from the U.S. than any other airline. Dive into the diversity of the Far East by planning your flight to Asia with United today.
United and United partner airlines offer flights to a large number of airports throughout Asia. Take advantage of our expansive Asian network including flights to:
China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam
Take off to any of the following North Asia destinations and countries using MileagePlus award travel and upgrade awards:
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Reconstructive Options for Skin Cancer Defects of the Face
Currently, surgical excision is the most common form of treatment for skin cancers. The goal of reconstructive surgery is restoration of normal appearance and function. The choice of technique in reconstruction is dictated by the size and location of the defect. Excision and reconstruction of facial skin cancers is generally more challenging due to presence of highly visible and functional anatomic structures in the face.
When skin defects are small in size, most can be repaired via simple repair whereby skin edges are approximated and closed with sutures. This will result in a linear scar. If the repair is made along a natural skin fold or wrinkle line, the scar will be hardly visible. Larger defects may require repair with a skin graft, local skin flap, pedicled skin flap, or a microvascular free flap. Skin grafts and local skin flaps are by far more common than the other listed choices.
Skin grafting is patching of a defect with skin that is removed from another site in the body. The skin graft is sutured to the edges of the defect, and a bolster is placed atop the graft for seven to ten days, to immobilize the graft as it heals in place. There are two forms of skin grafting: split thickness and full thickness. In a split thickness skin graft, a shaver is used to shave a layer of skin from the abdomen or thigh. The donor site, regenerates skin and heals over a period of two weeks. In a full thickness skin graft, a segment of skin is totally removed and the donor site needs to be sutured closed. Split thickness grafts can be used to repair larger defects, but the grafts are inferior in their cosmetic appearance. Full thickness skin grafts are more acceptable cosmetically. However, full thickness grafts can only be used for small or moderate sized defects.
Local skin flaps are a method of closing defects with tissue that closely matches the defect in color and quality. Skin from the periphery of the defect site is mobilized and repositioned to fill the deficit. Various forms of local flaps can be designed to minimize disruption to surrounding tissues and maximize cosmetic outcome of the reconstruction. Pedicled skin flaps are a method of transferring skin with an intact blood supply from a nearby region of the body. An example of such reconstruction is a pedicled forehead flap for repair of a large nasal skin defect. Once the flap develops a source of blood supply form its new bed, the vascular pedicle can be detached.
In micorvascular free flap reconstruction, large areas of skin, muscle, and bone defect can be repaired. A segment of skin with associated muscle or bone can be designed with its own vascular supply (artery and vein). The flap is placed into the defect, and the vascular supply is connected with nearby vessels. An example of such reconstruction is repair of a massive scalp defect with skin from the forearm. Free flap reconstruction is highly technically demanding, and entails a prolonged surgical operation and hospitalization.


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Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Property Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2017
Revenue and Taxation Code
Property Taxation
Part 4. Levy of Tax
Chapter 3. Reimbursement for Costs Mandated by the State
Article 4. Maximum Property Tax Rates* †
Section 2265
2265. Voters may establish maximum rate. In lieu of the maximum property tax rates established by other provisions of this article, the voters of a local agency may establish a maximum property tax rate for such agency pursuant to the provisions of Article 6 (commencing with Section 2285).
* Article 4 shall not apply to property tax rates for the 1978–1979 fiscal year.
† Section 60 of Stats. 1979, Ch. 282, in effect July 24, 1979, provided that Article 4 shall not apply to property tax rates for the 1979–80 fiscal year.


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I just received a new SS-2 for my wife's Kahr MK9. The thing is beautiful and fits the gun perfectly.... almost too perfectly. I couldn't get the snaps into place on her belt because they were a little too tight but I finally got them on there and have left them snapped for the last few days with the holster on the belt to try and stretch them out and settle them a bit. The gun will sit in the holster all the way and the fit is excellent but it's so tight right now that she has a difficult time drawing it from the holster. I know it will eventually break in real nice but I was wondering if anyone had some tips for me that may speed up the process a bit.
If anyone has any ideas or tricks they used on their nice new leather holsters, please let me know so she can start using it. Thanks! :wave:


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Collecting routine outcome data in a psychotherapy community clinic for young people: Findings from an ongoing study.
Year: 2010
Source: Child and Adolescent Mental Health 15(1):30-36.
Institution: Brandon Centre for Counselling and Psychotherapy for Young People, 26 Prince of Wales Road, London NW5 3LG, United Kingdom. Email: email@example.com
Language: English
Subject headings: Children, Mental health, Outcome, Psychotherapy, Youth
Geographic areas: Europe, United Kingdom


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Been on here a few months now. Thought I better introduce myself. Im Kurk, AKA Burgs. Got myself a full ROTJ kit from Bobamaker coming in May. Can't wait. And about to have a go at a Jango bucket for something to do.
Never had a go at something 1:1 scale before. Only did Warhammer 40k as a teen. Wish me luck.


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New Emissions report shows significant maritime-related clean air progress for Puget Sound
A newly released emissions report shows significant maritime-related clean air progress for Puget Sound region Maritime-related air pollution has decreased—as much as 40 percent, depending on the type—since 2005, according to a report released today.
"The results of the 2011 Emissions Inventory are significant, with substantial pollution reductions across the board for the Port of Seattle," said Gael Tarleton, port commission President. "The Seattle Port Commission has been committed to finding answers that will inform our decisions for years to come."
From the Port of Seattle...
The report is the result of the 2011 Puget Sound Maritime Air Emissions Inventory, which provided an update to the 2005 baseline inventory. The inventory estimated greenhouse gases, diesel particulate matter and a number of other pollutants, such as sulfur dioxides and volatile organic compounds. It focused on pollutants related to ships, harbor vessels, cargo-handling equipment, rail, heavy-duty trucks and other fleet vehicles associated with maritime activities.
Much of the clean air progress is due to significant, voluntary investments of the maritime industry and government agencies in cleaner technology, cleaner fuels and more efficient systems of operation.
Results from the 2011 inventory will help guide and focus future emissions reduction investments.
2011 results:
Emissions in the airshed dropped since 2005 from the following pollutants:
• Nitrogen oxides: reduced 14 percent
• Volatile organic compounds: reduced 40 percent
• Sulfur oxides: reduced 14 percent
• Particulate matter (PM10): reduced 16 percent
• Fine particulate matter (PM2.5): reduced 16 percent
• Diesel particulate matter: reduced 16 percent
• Carbon dioxide: reduced 5 percent
Overall, emissions fell for most sources since 2005. Diesel particulate matter emissions are summarized below:
• Ocean-going vessels: reduced 16 percent
• Harbor vessels: increased 7 percent
• Locomotives: reduced 24 percent
• Cargo-handling equipment: reduced 40 percent
• Heavy-duty vehicles: reduced 52 percent
• Fleet vehicles: reduced 47 percent
In the harbor vessels sector, which includes ferries, tugs, fishing and recreational boats, some categories of pollutants increased. This is likely due to a 12 percent increase in boat traffic, as well as an increase in the use of larger engines, which have higher emissions.
Reasons behind results:
The maritime industry has adopted a number of voluntary initiatives to reduce emissions, including switching to low-sulfur or biodiesel fuels, using shore power, replacing or retrofitting older engines and improving systems to use equipment more efficiently.
The Northwest Ports Clean Air Strategy, a ground-breaking initiative of the ports of Tacoma, Seattle and Metro Vancouver, B.C., has helped further reduce emissions in the Puget Sound and Georgia air basins. Mandatory engine and fuel standards also have spurred adopting newer engines and cleaner fuels.
Some of the decrease also can be attributed to fewer ship calls and less cargo resulting from a sluggish economy.
What's next:
Inventory results will help focus future efforts and investments. The ports of Seattle and Tacoma are updating their Northwest Ports Clean Air Strategy goals based on the inventory results.
Maritime partners will continue efforts to lower diesel emissions because they pose a public health risk. Exposure to diesel pollutants can contribute to increased rates of lung cancer, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease and other health effects.
Maritime industry partners continue to seek ways to reduce emissions from all sources, with particular attention to ships. While ship-related emissions have dropped, they account for 63 percent of the maritime-related diesel particulate matter emissions.
The 2011 results do not account for the North American "Emission Control Area" that went into effect Aug. 1, 2012, requiring ships operating in waters along the Pacific, Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States and Canada to burn cleaner fuels. This regulation is expected to have a significant effect in further reducing ship-related emissions.
About the emissions inventory:
The 2011 and 2005 reports were commissioned by members of the Puget Sound Maritime Air Forum, a voluntary association of private and public maritime organizations, ports, air agencies, environmental and public health advocacy groups and other parties with operational or regulatory responsibilities related to the maritime industry. Forum partners selected Starcrest Consulting Group to develop the reports.
The study area covered the U.S. portion of the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Airshed, an area about 140 miles long by 160 miles wide.
Find the full report at www.pugetsoundmaritimeairforum.org.
We encourage our readers to comment. No registration is required. We ask that you keep your comments free of profanity and keep them civil. They are moderated and objectionable comments will be removed.


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ballast-type tracks - Articles and news items
Deploying Neopul's know-how in Dublin
Issue 6 2010 / 10 December 2010 /
This report describes Neopul's work on the Luas b1-400 extension of the Green Line from the Sandyford depot to Cherrywood industrial estate, which was opened to the public on 16 October 2010.
The green line was the existing connection from Dublin city centre (St. Stephen's Green Station) and the recent developed Sandyford area with an extension of 9km. The scope of the B1-400 extension developed by Neopul, included the expansion of the existing line with more 7.5km towards the south from the existing Sandyford Stop to Brides Glen. This contract also included the expansion of the Sandyford Depot (2km of single track) in order to cater for the new vehicles.
Improving Melbourne's metropolitan train system one step at a time
Issue 4 2010 / 3 August 2010 /
Six months in to its contract as operator of Melbourne's metropolitan train network, Metro's focus is firmly on improving asset reliability, simplifying the timetable and making every minute count.
In 2009, the Victorian Government selected a new contractor to operate Melbourne's metropolitan rail services. The network assets, which are Government-owned and funded, have been privately operated and maintained since 1999.
On 30 November 2009, Metro Trains Melbourne (Metro) began operations, taking over from former operator Connex (Connex was involved in the management of Melbourne's rail network since it was privatised, and assumed full operational control of the network in 2000).


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The Utah Division of Radiation Control wants to hear from people about its proposal to double fines for mishandling radioactive waste and to set strict new deadlines for its own handling of permit applications.
A legislative audit last fall found shortcomings in the state's oversight and enforcement program for mishandling radioactive waste.
It pointed to violations at the EnergySolutions low-level radioactive waste disposal site in 2011, after the company buried 23 barrels containing waste with higher concentrations of radiation than the state allows at its Tooele County landfill. EnergySolutions and companies that shipped the waste faced total penalties of $97,875 for the violations.
Under the new penalty categories, the maximum fine will now be $10,000 per violation, up from $5,000. The range of penalties is $500 apiece for minor violations to $10,000 for serious ones.
Comments will be accepted through the end of business on Aug. 30.
Written comments may be sent to the Utah Division of Radiation Control, P.O. Box 144850, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4850 or by email to email@example.com with a subject line of Public Comment on Proposed Draft Radiation Control Rules.
Twitter: @judyfutah


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Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites!
Tommy G. Thompson, governor of Wisconsin and an enthusiastic member of the Amtrak governing board, salutes the expansion of Hiawatha service between Chicago and Milwaukee. The expansion was underwritten by Wisconsin and Illinois. Also taking part in this event is Milwaukee Mayor John Norquist, second from the right.
Image ID: 25018
Creation Date: 1989-10-30
Creator Name: Unknown
City: Milwaukee
County: Milwaukee
State: Wisconsin
Collection Name: Wisconsin. Dept. of Transportation : Publicity photographs, circa 1960-1992
Genre: Photograph
Original Format Type: negative, original
Original Format Number: PH series 2729.33
Original Dimensions: 1.5 x 1 inches
Indoor photography
Public officers
Public speaking
Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )
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Such as home display or a gift.
Such as publication, web, public display or film.
By clicking "BUY" you agree to our Terms of Use.
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Image-purchasing questions? Please Contact Us.
This image is issued by the Wisconsin Historical Society. Use of the image requires written permission from the staff of the Division of Library-Archives. It may not be sold or redistributed, copied or distributed as a photograph, electronic file, or any other media. The image should not be significantly altered through conventional or electronic means. Images altered beyond standard cropping and resizing require further negotiation with a staff member. The user is responsible for all issues of copyright. Please Credit: Wisconsin Historical Society.
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Location: Wisconsin Historical Society Archives, 4th Floor, Madison, Wisconsin
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Defining Permission, Copyright and Terms of Use
Jim Widmer's "Spirit of Rural Wisconsin," Part II
© 1996-2017 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706


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The only thing more wonderful than the beach at Cape Santa Maria is the friendly local people. Unlike the large and over-developed tourist destinations throughout the Caribbean islands, the atmosphere on Long Island is still friendly and relaxed.
Until fairly recently, the only outside contact with the island was by mail boat and private charter. As a result, the people and lifestyle at Cape Santa Maria still have that old-fashioned, Caribbean charm. The islanders are friendly and helpful, making Long Island among the safest and most enjoyable of all the Caribbean islands.


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USGlobalSat GPS Forums > GPS Technology - General
How GPS Works
(1/2) > >>
Welcome everyone!!!
You ask yourself ...what is GPS?
Well ...a synopsis to GPS technology. It is compose of Global Positioning System satellites transmit signals to equipment on the ground. GPS receivers passively receive satellite signals; they do not transmit. GPS receivers require an unobstructed view of the sky, so they are used only outdoors and they often do not perform well within forested areas or near tall buildings. GPS operations depend on a very accurate time reference, which is provided by atomic clocks at the U.S. Naval Observatory.
More on this topic can be found at http://www.usglobalsat.com/t-how_gps_works.aspx ;)
Thank U for the sharing of the knowledge of GPS!
GPS is a fleet of more than 24 communications satellites that transmit signals globally around the clock. With a GPS receiver, one can quickly and accurately determine the latitude, the longitude.
A single GPS receiver can find its own position in seconds from GPS satellite signals to an accuracy of one meter; accuracy within one centimetre can be achieved with sophisticated military specification receivers.
he Global Positioning System (GPS) is actually a constellation of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in case one fails). The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a military navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody else.
Each of these 3,000- to 4,000-pound solar-powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000 miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits are arranged so that at any time, anywhere on Earth, there are at least four satellites "visible" in the sky.
A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called trilateration. Trilateration in three-dimensional space can be a little tricky, so we'll start with an explanation of simple two-dimensional trilateration.
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Archive for February 9, 2010
The Infrastructure Thing and the Haves and the Have Nots
Snow Storms & Roads — Steve Clemons:
In snow-challenged Washington, DC, Nebraska Avenue and the roads around Vice President's Naval Observatory home are immaculate, completely cleared of snow and ice — but the major artery of Massachusetts Avenue is a horizontal snow slush, barely plowed. DC Mayor Adrian Fenty would probably be in bigger trouble with citizens if there were not another ten or so inches of white stuff on the way giving him 'another chance' to get the city's infrastructure back in operation after a storm.
Tea Partiers Buying Ammo, Preparing for a "Post-Islamic" America
I subscribed to one Tea Party Patriot on Twitter about five months ago — and there are hundreds if not thousands of them out there — and I get this kind of thing all day long:
Hello. Is anyone out there keeping an eye on this? John Boehner? Eric Cantor? Glenn Beck? Michele Bachmann? Sarah Palin? The FBI? Anyone?
I feel like I'm watching a murder plot taking shape in plain sight.
Palin, Air America, RIP and Psy-Ops
I have two must-read articles open on my desktop — Air America Radio, RIP. It Didn't Have to Be This Way, and Palin, Psy-Ops and Condescending Libs — that I must take the time to read (they aren't your usual 10, 20-sentence posts).
I'm putting them up here as a way to remind me to do that because, the influence — or, more accurately, the stranglehold — the right-wing has on the media in this country is, in my opinion, the most critical issue facing this country
So, check them out if you're interested.
Rupert Murdoch Must Be Crying in his Sarah Palin Hanky
I love this news: Facebook Sharing Quintuples in 6 Months. I love it because Rupert Murdoch, the owner of Fox News, bought MySpace three or four years ago, and he was hoping he'd be the one getting headlines like this. But no, everyone's turning to Facebook.
Hah hah hah.
The Sarah Palin Channel (FNC) Defends Palin Again the Meanie Robert Gibbs
Man, imagine being a presidential candidate and having your own 24/7 "news" channel to broadcast your stuff and to defend you against every little thing:
Quite an advantage there, to say the least.
Americans Blame Republicans for Health Care Delay
A new Washington Post/ABC News poll is out. It shows that (1) Americans think Republicans aren't doing enough to compromise with President Obama on important issues; that they're "too unbending," and (2) "nearly two-thirds of Americans say they want Congress to keep working to pass comprehensive health-care reform."
So, the next time you hear a conservative insist that "American's don't want health-care reform," as they do, endlessly, slap them with this poll.
And to the Republicans in Congress, keep doin' what you're doin'.


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|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Tipo de publicaci¾n
|N·mero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|22 Mar 1977
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|26 Ene 1976
|Fecha de prioridad
|26 Dic 1973
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Robert M. Suggitt, Walter C. Gates, Jr.
|Cesionario original
|Texaco Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (8), Citada por (2), Clasificaciones (16)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi¾n de USPTO, Espacenet
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 428,638, filed Dec. 26, 1973.
This invention relates to a process for converting mixtures containing n-paraffins to substantially pure n-paraffins. In particular this invention relates to a process for converting mixtures of C6 to C30 n-paraffins and C6 to C30 by-products to substantially pure C6 to C30 n-paraffins by catalytic hydrogenation.
Normal paraffin hydrocarbons having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms represent valuable feedstock materials which can be converted to highly desirable products including amines by nitration and hydrogenation or to oximes by photonitrosation or to secondary alcohols by oxidation. In the illustrative processes described above, from about 5 to 50 weight percent of the normal paraffin undergoes conversion which results in the formation of a crude product mixture containing not only the desired material and unconverted paraffin but additionally substantial amounts of oxygenated paraffin by-products which can in some instances be produced in equal quantities with the sought after product. The desired product, for example, the amine or oxime or secondary alcohol is separated and recovered from the crude reaction product leaving a raffinate composed of a mixture of n-paraffin and oxygenated n-paraffin. While the raffinate may be recycled for further conversion to the preselected product, the presence of the oxygenated compounds present innumerable problems including the substantial buildup of undesired by-products and the further conversion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons to multifunctional materials. The formation and buildup of substantial amounts of by-products in turn seriously reduces the attractiveness and selectivity of the process which ultimately leads to a highly unsatisfactory and cost prohibitive operation.
Heretofore, the n-paraffins contained in the mixture have been purified employing various procedures including the use of molecular sieve selective adsorbents to provide streams suitable for recycle substantially free of contaminants. However, this procedure is objectionable in that it removes substantial amounts of paraffin by-products, which by-products must be ultimately disposed of. This operation is particularly costly where by-product formation approximates the amount of desired product originally formed. Other techniques involved upgrading the mixture by hydrogenating crude normal paraffin mixtures containing oxygenated paraffins at temperatures of from about 450░ to 600░ F. in the presence of previously disclosed hydrogenation catalysts. However, even at this temperature range some hydrocracking to light paraffins and hydrogenolysis to methane occurred leading to losses in recoverable recycle material. Further, temperatures in excess of 600░ F. were to be avoided as the same caused excessive undesirable isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrogenolysis and coking of the hydrocarbons to, for example, isoparaffins and methane. While hydrogenation of the crude mixture at 450░ to 600░ F. is not particularly effective inasmuch as some hydrocracking and isomerization occurs which reduces the amount of valuable feedstock which can be recycled, the oxygenated by-products are only partially hydrogenated such that a considerable amount of incompletely converted by-products are recycled.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a process which provides substantially pure n-paraffins from mixtures of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffin hydrocarbons in high yields.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for converting a mixture of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffin to substantially pure n-paraffin.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a process wherein mixtures of n-paraffins and oxygenated paraffin hydrocarbons are continuously converted to pure n-paraffin compositions.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and examples.
Broadly this invention contemplates a process for converting a mixture of n-paraffin and n-paraffin by-products, that is, oxygenated paraffin, to substantially pure n-paraffin which comprises catalytically hydrogenating the mixture at a temperature of from about 600░ to 750░ F., preferably from 610░ to 700░ F., in the presence of a catalyst composed of alumina, a Group VIII metal and from about 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide or thallous oxide. The catalyst can also contain as a component thereof an oxide of a member from Group VIB or a member from Group VIIB.
The catalyst employed in our process is one which comprises a member of Group VIII of the Periodic Table, alumina and an alkali metal oxide or alkaline earth metal oxide or thallous oxide. Exemplary of the Group VIII metals are platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium. Nickel and cobalt are also contemplated preferably in combination with a Group VIB metal oxide such as molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide. A Group VIIB member such as rhenium present as the metal can also be used in combination with the Group VIII metal. Aluminas in various forms may be used as a component of the catalyst and particularly those aluminas having replaceable surface hydroxyl groups and surface areas of from 50 to 400 square meters per gram using the BET method. Included within our definition of alumina we mention, for example, eta-alumina, gamma-alumina, silica stabilized aluminas, i.e. aluminas containing up to approximately 5 weight percent SiO2, thoria-alumina, zirconia-alumina, titania-alumina and chromia-alumina. The Group VIII metal is present in amounts ranging from about 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent, preferably from about 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent, for the noble metals and from 1 to 5 percent for nickel and/or cobalt, based on the composite catalyst. The Group VIB metal oxide component when present ranges from about 5 to 20 weight percent of the composite catalyst. The Group VIIB metal can be present in an amount of from about 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent.
The catalyst described above to be selective in converting the mixture of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffin to substantially pure n-paraffin at a temperature of from about 600░ to 750░ F. requires as a component thereof from about 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide or thallous oxide or mixtures thereof. Illustrative of the alkali metals contemplated we mention lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium and as the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium. The presence of the additional component moderates the activity of the Group VIII metal on alumina catalyst which in the absence thereof and at hydrogenation temperatures of from about 600░ to 750░ F. otherwise causes substantial isomerization and hydrocracking of the mixture to isoparaffins and light paraffins. The presence of the minor amount of alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide or thallous oxide and mixtures or combinations thereof on the catalyst deters isomerization and hydrocracking of the mixture including the n-paraffin and by-products and thereby selectively converts the by-products to valuable n-paraffin recycle feedstock.
The catalyst described above can be prepared by introducing the Group VIII metal, and when desired the Group VIB or VIIB member, to the alumina by impregnating with an aqueous solution of a soluble salt of the metal followed by drying and calcination at a temperature of from 600░ to 1200░ F. for several hours. The alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide or thallous oxide can likewise be introduced to the alumina by impregnating with a soluble salt, such as the nitrate or acetate, either simultaneously with or subsequent to the introduction of the Group VIII metal followed by drying and calcination at 600░ to 1200░ F.
The alumina component of the catalyst complements the hydrogenating activity of the Group VIII metal and moderator by promoting the dehydration of alcohols or glycols present to the corresponding olefin which are in turn hydrogenated to n-paraffin. This property of the catalyst is particularly beneficial not only at the operative hydrogenation temperature range of from 600░ to 750░ F., but the dual functional aspect of the catalyst is particularly advantageous in converting any olefinic material formed at the elevated temperatures and partially converted to n-paraffin to be essentially converted to n-paraffin by an additional and subsequent hydrogenation undertaken at about 450░ to 650░ F.
In a further embodiment, the mixture of C6 to C30 n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffin is initially hydrogenated at a temperature of from about 350░ to 500░ F., preferably from about 400░ to 450░ F., and prior to the hydrogenation at 600░ to 750░ F. described above. Initial hydrogenation is particularly desirable when the mixture contains such oxygenated components as, for example, nitrites or nitrates which are thermally unstable at temperatures of 600░ F. and higher. Such illustrative thermally unstable materials when introduced to reactor preheaters operated to raise the temperature of the mixture to about 600░ to 750░ F. prior to introduction of the mixture into the hydrogenation reaction, thermally decompose and form resinous deposits in the preheater. By initially hydrogenating the mixture at 350░ to 500░ F., the thermally unstable materials are converted to more stable forms which can thereafter be successfully heated to temperatures of 600░ F. and higher in reactor preheaters. The initial hydrogenation also serves as a guard chamber to protect the catalyst employed at the 600░ to 750░ F. hydrogenation to convert some oxygenates to non-volatile inorganic compounds such as when the mixture contains alkyl borate esters described below. Conventional hydrogenation catalysts can be employed in the initial hydrogenation as, for example, nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium and rhodium. The catalysts can be supported on kieslguhr, silica, carbon or alumina as is known in the art. The catalyst described above and employed at the hydrogenation conditions of 600░ to 750░ F. can also be used.
In some instances it may be desirable to pass the recycle mixture through a bed of alumina, silica gel or activated carbon to act as guard case for the hydrogenation catalyst. Illustratively, a recycle mixture derived from the conversion of paraffins to secondary alcohols will contain minor amounts of boric acid and borate esters which adversely affect hydrogenation catalysts. Such materials can be effectively removed from the mixture prior to hydrogenation by, for example, passing the mixture at 400░ to 500░ F. through a bed of activated alumina.
As mentioned above, an additional and subsequent hydrogenation may also be desirable as, for example, when the liquid product hydrogenated at 600░ to 750░ F. is found to contain minor amounts of C6 to C30 olefins. Such an additional hydrogenation treatment can be conducted at from about 450░ to 650░ F. wherein the olefin is converted to n-paraffin employing catalysts of the type described in connection with the hydrogenation at 600░ to 750░ F.
In general, hydrogenation in each of the above plural temperature ranges is undertaken in the presence of hydrogen at pressures ranging from about 100 to 1500 p.s.i.g. for periods of from 0.2 to 5 hours. In continuous processing the mixture can be introduced into the hydrogenation zones at space velocities of from 0.2 to 10.0 volumes of liquid feed per volume of catalyst per hour (v./v./hr.)
The mixtures hydrogenated according to the instant invention and composed of n-paraffins having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and n-paraffin by-products, that is, oxygenated paraffins having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms can be derived from a plurality of sources. Typically, the mixture contemplated for hydrogenation in accordance with the instant invention is predominantly C6 to C30 n-paraffin containing from 0.5 to 30 weight percent oxygenated paraffins. Representative of the C6 to C30 oxygenated paraffins are alcohols, ketones and polyoxygenated materials such as acids, esters, glycols, lactams, ketoacids, and ketoalcohols. The mixture depending upon its source can also contain additional materials capable of being converted to normal paraffins in the presence of the catalyst described above and under the hydrogenation conditions recited. Among such materials are included C6 to C30 nitroparaffins, secondary amines, diamines, nitroalcohols, aminoalcohols, aminoketones, nitroketones, nitrates, nitrites, dinitroparaffins, alkylchlorides and olefins.
Illustrative of the sources of the mixtures hydrogenated herein we mention the following. In the production of secondary alkyl primary amines from n-paraffins having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, the amines are prepared by nitrating from about 5 to 50 weight percent of the paraffin to nitroparaffin employing as nitrating agent, for example, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide or dinitrogen tetroxide at a temperature of from about 250░ to 500░ F. to form a crude nitrated product containing in addition to unconverted n-paraffin and nitroparaffin substantial quantities of oxygenated by-products such as C6 to C30 ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids, nitrites, nitrates and multifunctional materials such as dinitroparaffins, nitroalcohols, nitroketones and ketoalcohols. Thereafter the crude nitrated liquid product typically comprising from 50 to 94.5 weight percent unreacted n-paraffin, 5 to 35 weight percent nitroparaffin and 0.5 to 15 weight percent oxygenated byproducts is introduced to a hydrogenation zone where the nitroparaffin is hydrogenated to the amine at average conversion temperatures ranging from about 100░ to 450░ F. in the presence of conventional and well known hydrogenation catalysts. A preferred catalyst is palladium on carbon. The crude liquid hydrogenated product comprises C6 to C30 n-paraffin secondary alkyl primary amine and oxygenated by-products such as acids, alcohols, ketones, ketoalcohols, aminoalcohols, aminoketones, nitrates and nitrites. Other by-products such as unreacted nitroparaffin, secondary amines and diamines can also be present. The primary amine is separated from the liquid hydrogenated product employing conventional recovery procedures such as step-wise fractionation or the amine may be converted and recovered as an amine salt by reaction of the crude liquid product with an inorganic acid followed by further treatment of the amine salt with alkali and thereafter recovering the primary amine by distillation. The unreacted nitroparaffin and oxygenated or other by-products of the nitration hydrogenation reactions in admixture with the paraffin, secondary amines and diamines separated from the primary amine represent a typical mixture contemplated by the instant invention which is hydrogenated to substantially pure n-paraffin.
The production of secondary alcohols from C6 to C30 n-paraffins also provides by-product streams composed of mixtures of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffins which are according to the instant invention converted to substantially pure n-paraffin. The production of secondary alcohols from C6 to C30 paraffins is accomplished by contacting the paraffin in the liquid phase with an oxygen containing gas in the presence of boric acid at a temperature of from about 300░ to 450░ F. to convert from 5 to 50 weight percent of the paraffin to a mixture of alkyl borate esters, unreacted paraffin and degradation products including olefins and oxygenated products other than the borate esters. The mixture is first fractionated to separate an overhead fraction comprising unreacted n-paraffins, a portion of the by-products including such materials as olefins, ketones, some alcohols and traces of borate ester, and a bottoms fraction containing the borate ester and polyoxygenated by-products including ketoalcohols, acids, ketoacids and glycols. The bottoms are contacted with water at from 100░ to 212░ F. to hydrolyze the borate esters to secondary alcohols which bottoms separate into two phases comprising a top organic layer containing secondary alcohol and substantially all of the polyoxygenated products and a bottom layer comprised of aqueous boric acid, which layers are separated. The organic layer is fractionated to separate desired secondary alcohols as an overhead and a bottom comprising polyoxygenated materials. The overhead recovered by the first fractionation comprised of unreacted n-paraffins, olefin and oxygenated products including alcohols and ketones represents a typical mixture contemplated for hydrogenation according to the instant invention. All or a portion of the final organic bottoms containing the polyoxygenated by-products can also be included into the mixture contemplated for hydrogenation herein.
Another process providing mixtures of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffins, which according to the instant invention can be substantially converted to pure n-paraffins, involves the production of normal paraffin oximes having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms from normal paraffins. The oximes are prepared by photochemically reacting and converting from 5 to 50 weight percent of a C6 to C30 normal paraffin with a gaseous nitrosating agent, such as nitrosyl halides, nitrosyl sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxide and chlorine or nitrogen peroxide and chlorine at a temperature of from about 30░ to 140░ F. under the influence of light to produce normal paraffin oximes and up to about 5 weight percent oxygenated by-products primarily composed of ketones. Some alkylchlorides are also formed. The oxime is thereafter converted to the sulfate and unconverted C6 to C30 paraffin, ketones and alkylchlorides are extracted using a low boiling hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane, n-pentane, isoheptane or petroleum ether. Thereafter the low boiling hydrocarbon is separated by distillation and the mixture of the n-paraffin, oxygenated paraffin, in this instance ketones, along with the alkylchlorides, can be converted to substantially pure n-paraffin according to the instant invention.
It will be appreciated that other known processes providing mixtures of n-paraffin and oxygenated paraffin by-products can be improved by applicants' catalytic hydrogenation and that the processes mentioned above are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the instantly claimed invention.
In order to illustrate more fully the nature of our invention and manner of practicing the same, the following examples are presented. In these examples the best mode contemplated by us for carrying out our invention is set forth.
The conversion of n-paraffins to secondary alkyl primary amines is undertaken by providing a fresh water-white C10 to C14 n-paraffin hydrocarbon composition having the following carbon chain length distribution on a weight percent basis: C10 11.1, C11 28.7, C12 32.2, C13 26.9, C14 1.1. To 10.7 weight percent of fresh normal paraffins there is mixed 89.3 weight percent of previously processed and upgraded recycle paraffins according to the instant invention.
A paraffin hydrocarbon charge at the rate of 940 pounds per hour is nitrated with 60 pounds per hour of nitrogen dioxide wherein nitration proceeds at 330░ F. under a pressure of 4 p.s.i.g. Off-gases comprising paraffin, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water are withdrawn, the off-gases partially condensed, and condensed paraffin recycled. Nitric oxide in the overhead gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, the oxidized gas cooled to condense nitrogen dioxide, and the liquefied nitrating agent recycled. Non-condensible gases including nitrogen, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are vented.
The crude nitrated paraffin product, 977 pounds, comprising 80 weight percent n-paraffin, 14.7 weight percent nitroparaffin and 4.4 weight percent by-products including oxidized paraffin and polyfunctionals of which 0.6 weight percent are ketones, 1.2 weight percent are nitrites and 0.5 weight percent are nitrates is continuously caustic washed with about 70 pounds per hour of 10 percent aqueous sodium hydroxide in a line mixer at 200░ F. and 50 p.s.i.g. The resulting aqueous layer is separated in a settler and removed. The organic layer is washed at 180░ F. and 50 p.s.i.g. with 27 pounds per hour of water in a conventional countercurrent extraction tower. The washed nitrate product contains 129 pounds of nitrated paraffin and 833 pounds of n-paraffin and other materials that include 0.43 weight percent ketones, 0.95 weight percent nitrites and 0.41 weight percent nitrates.
The crude nitrated paraffin composition is introduced at an inlet temperature of 200░ F. to a hydrogenation reactor containing a hydrogenation catalyst composed of one weight percent palladium on carbon at a liquid hourly space velocity of 2.0 volumes of liquid per volume of catalyst per hour. Hydrogenation is conducted under a hydrogen pressure of 560 p.s.i.g. and up to a maximum conversion temperature of 410░ F. Following hydrogenation, substantially all of the nitroparaffin is reduced to amine. Hydrogen, ammonia and some water are removed as gases and remaining water and ammonia are decanted from the recovered crude hydrogenation product at 110░ F.
The crude hydrogenation product at a rate of 950 pounds per hour comprising 834 pounds of n-paraffins and miscellaneous by-products including 0.49 weight percent amines (secondary) and 0.52 weight percent ketones, 100 pounds of secondary alkyl primary amine, about 1 pound of unconverted nitroparaffins and 15 pounds of water and ammonia is contacted and saturated with 87 pounds per hour of carbon dioxide at 300 p.s.i.g. and 110░ F. thereby forming an amine-carbon dioxide complex. The carbon dioxide saturated crude hydrogenation product is counter-currently contacted in a tower with 1,500 pounds per hour of a solvent mixture comprising 40 percent methanol and 60 percent water, the solvent mixture having been previously saturated with 50 pounds per hour of carbon dioxide at 300 p.s.i.g. and 110░ F. Upon contacting of the carbon dioxide saturated crude hydrogenation product with the solvent mixture, the primary amine complex transfers from the predominantly paraffin stream to the solvent stream.
The amine depleted paraffin stream is subsequently reduced to atmospheric pressure in a flash drum whereupon carbon dioxide therein is removed overhead. The amine-enriched solvent stream is heated to a temperature of 150░ F. and introduced to a flash tower maintained at atmospheric pressure where carbon dioxide, along with some methanol and water, are removed overhead. The amine-rich liquid from the flash tower is passed through a fractionator where methanol, residual carbon dioxide and some water are removed overhead. The bottom stream containing water and crude amines separates as two phases, namely a water phase containing some methanol and amines, and a crude amine phase containing some water.
110 pounds per hour of the crude amine phase are heated to 248░ F. and flashed at 160 mm. Hg thereby removing as overhead substantially all of the residual methanol and water, along with some organic materials. After condensation, the organic matter in the overhead is separated from the aqueous layer and combined with the flashed amine phase. The flashed crude amine phase is thereafter vacuum-distilled at 20 mm. Hg. and 200░ F. to remove overhead residual methanol, water, paraffinic hydrocarbons and lighter than C10 amines. Finally, the amine phase is vacuum distilled at 10 mm. Hg and 300░ F. to produce 100 pounds per hour of finished amine containing 98.5 weight percent secondary alkyl primary amine.
The amber colored amine-depleted paraffin stream from the raffinate flash drum is combined with the predominantly paraffinic waste streams derived from vacuum distilling the crude amines to form a recycle stream comprising about 98 weight percent n-paraffin, 0.15 weight percent nitroparaffins and about 1.85 weight percent byproducts. The mixed recycle stream is introduced into an initial hydrogenation zone at the rate of 840 pounds per hour and hydrogenated at 400░ F. with 17 pounds per hour of hydrogen at 500 p.s.i.g. at a liquid hourly space velocity of 3.0 in the presence of a nickel-molybdenum on alumina catalyst. The product of the initial hydrogenation zone is introduced into a subsequent hydrogenation zone at the rate of 840 pounds per hour and hydrogenated at 660░ F. with 16 pounds per hour of hydrogen at 500 p.s.i.g. at a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.5 in the presence of a 3 weight percent nickel oxide-12 weight percent molybdenum oxide - 0.6 weight percent barium oxide on alumina catalyst. After separating hydrogen, ammonia and water, the hydrogenated water-white product is essentially free of nitrated and oxygenated by-products and is recycled for introduction to the nitration reactor. The system for producing the amines continues to operate for long periods of time without interruption.
An amine-depleted C10 to C14 paraffin stream composed of about 3 weight percent by-products including nitroparaffins, ketones, secondary amines, alcohols, nitrates, nitrites and polyfunctional derivatives of the n-paraffin similar to Example I was introduced into a hydrogenation reactor containing a nickel on kieselguhr hydrogenation catalyst at the rate of 3.3 pounds per hour and hydrogenated at 610░ to 615░ F. with 0.03 pounds per hour of hydrogen at about 600 p.s.i.g. Sampling of the off-gas shows it to contain 7 percent methane thereby demonstrating that substantial hydrocracking has occurred.
A continuous process for converting n-paraffin to secondary alcohols is undertaken by introducing a C10 to C14 n-paraffin charge composed of 12.6 weight percent fresh n-paraffin and 87.4 weight percent recycle n-paraffin hydrogenated according to this invention.
815 pounds per hour of the paraffin charge is preheated to 350░ F. and introduced to two continuous stirred tank reactors in series along with orthoboric acid, the acid added at the rate of 2.1 weight percent basis total paraffin charge to each reactor for a total of 4.2 weight percent boric acid basis the total paraffin charge. Air is introduced to each reactor in the amount of 1.3 SCF per hour per pound of paraffin charge to the first reactor and at the rate of 0.7 SCF/hr./lb. to the second reactor. The reactors are operated at 10 p.s.i.g. and are each equipped with means to separate overhead by-product water. The average residence time of the paraffin in the first reactor is 3.1 hours and in the second reactor 2.6 hours, thereby providing a total conversion of paraffin to 17.1 weight percent borate esters, about 0.55 weight percent oxygenates, and about 0.1 weight percent olefins, with the remainder of the organic material being unconverted paraffin. The reactor effluent stream is first fractionated by vacuum stripping at 365░ F. and 5 mm pressure to obtain a bottom stream of stripped borate esters and an overhead containing predominantly C10 to C14 unreacted n-paraffin, 0.2 weight percent secondary alcohols, 0.1 weight percent olefins, 0.12 weight percent acids, 0.24 weight percent ketones and 0.54 weight percent borate esters. The bottom stream of stripped borate esters, other polyoxygenated by-products and traces of unreacted n-paraffin are contacted with water at 180░ F. in an in-line mixer at a weight ratio of water to borate ester containing stream of 2:1 and a top organic layer is separated from a bottom layer composed of aqueous boric acid.
The top organic layer composed of 85 weight percent secondary alcohols, 0.6 weight percent unreacted paraffins, 1.2 weight percent boric acid and the remainder polyoxygenated paraffins is fractionated at 390░ F. and 2 mm pressure to remove overhead 101 pounds of secondary alcohols of approximately 99 percent purity. The bottoms comprising C10 to C14 polyoxygenated paraffins are steam stripped to form an overhead composed of 30 weight percent acids, 12 weight percent ketones, 38 weight percent glycols, 17 weight percent esters and 3 weight percent boric acid. This overhead is combined with the first fractionated overhead containing predominantly C10 to C14 unreacted paraffin to form a recycle stream comprising 0.1 weight percent olefin, 0.5 weight percent acids, 0.4 weight percent ketones, 0.5 weight percent glycols, 0.7 weight percent borate esters, 0.4 weight percent boric acid and the remainder unreacted paraffin.
The recycle stream is introduced into an initial hydrogenation reactor at the rate of about 722 pounds per hour and hydrogenated at 400░ F. with 25 pounds per hour of hydrogen at 800 p.s.i.g. at a liquid hourly space velocity of 2.5 in the presence of a cobalt-molybdenum on alumina catalyst. The product of the initial hydrogenation zone is introduced into a subsequent hydrogenation reactor at the rate of 719 pounds per hour and hydrogenated at 670░ F. with 25 pounds per hour of hydrogen at 800 p.s.i.g. at a liquid hourly space velocity of 2.0 in the presence of a 0.75 weight percent platinum, 0.4 weight percent potassium oxide on gamma alumina catalyst. After separating hydrogen and water, the hydrogenated product is essentially free of oxygenated by-products, the n-paraffin content is in excess of 99 weight percent and the product is recycled for introduction to the stirred tank reactors. Virtually no methane, light hydrocarbons and isoparaffins are produced during hydrogenation. For 101 pounds of 99 percent purity secondary alcohol, there is required 103 pounds of fresh n-paraffin feed in the continuous process.
A recycle stream similar to that in Example III is hydrogenated at 550░ F. and 800 p.s.i.g. with 3.5 pounds of hydrogen per 100 pounds of recycle feed over a nickel on kieselguhr hydrogenation catalyst at a liquid hourly space velocity of 2.0. About 12 weight percent of the feed is converted to paraffins lighter than C6. For 101 pounds of 99 percent purity secondary alcohol, there is required 115 pounds of fresh n-paraffin feed in the continuous process employing the catalytic hydrogenation described in this example. It will be seen that the claimed invention employing the catalyst illustrated in Example III is more selective in converting the mixture to n-paraffin than the conventional hydrogenation catalyst employed in Example IV.
Example III is repeated except that the recycle stream is first introduced through a bed of alumina at 400░ F. acting as a guard chamber and thereafter catalytic hydrogenation of the recycle stream is undertaken at 670░ F. in the presence of a 3.0 weight percent nickel oxide -- 12.0 weight percent molybdenum oxide -- 0.2 weight percent lithium oxide on eta alumina catalyst. The results of hydrogenation and the composition of the hydrogenated product are similar to Example III.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|26 Dic 1963
|23 Ago 1966
|Universal Oil Prod Co
|Selective hydrogenation process
|13 Abr 1964
|30 May 1967
|Exxon Research Engineering Co
|Treatment of paraffinic fractions
|7 Abr 1969
|25 May 1971
|Universal Oil Prod Co
|Hydrorefining of coke-forming hydrocarbon distillates
|6 May 1971
|27 Nov 1973
|Texaco Inc
|Photonitrosation of normal paraffins
|18 Jul 1972
|17 Sep 1974
|Ashland Oil Inc
|Process for hydrogenation-hydrotreating of hydrocarbon mixtures
|31 Oct 1973
|26 Nov 1974
|Texaco Inc
|Hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon
|26 Jun 1972
|7 Ene 1975
|Exxon Research Engineering Co
|Massive nickel catalysts and use in hydrogenation processes
|12 Ene 1973
|15 Jul 1975
|Monsanto Co
|Boric acid recovery
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|13 Jun 1983
|18 Dic 1984
|Occidental Chemical Corporation
|Purification of recycled paraffins in photochlorination process
|30 Abr 2001
|13 May 2003
|Melvin K. Carter
|Catalytic oxidative conversion of hydrocarbons to aldehydes
|Clasificaci¾n de EE.UU.
|Clasificaci¾n internacional
|Clasificaci¾n cooperativa
|Clasificaci¾n europea


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A Study To Evaluate The Effect Of WELLBUTRIN XL On Intraocular Pressure
This study has been completed.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
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First received: February 22, 2007
Last updated: May 31, 2012
Last verified: March 2011
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Alumni Association ordered back to court
The New Mexico Military Institute's former Alumni Association has been ordered back to court to explain to an Eddy County judge why she should not find the group in contempt of court for continuing to use the Institute's name.
District Court Judge Jane Schuler-Gray has directed the former Association's representatives to appear Feb. 20.
The court placed a preliminary injunction Nov. 18, ordering the Association to stop using the name "New Mexico Military Institute," "NMMI," the Crest, the Stack Logo, and the Rifle, Cannon and Saber [auth] Coat of Arms, or any other marks, logos or intellectual property of the Institute.
Since that time, the Association changed its name to "Institute Alumni Association," and informed its membership of the new name.
Attorneys for the New Mexico Military Institute wrote a letter to the Association asking them to stop doing business as "the Institute Alumni Association."
"The use of the word 'Institute' violated the court order and will undoubtedly cause a great deal of confusion as the public could very likely be led to believe a working relationship between the entities continues to exist when in fact it does not," NMMI attorney Parker Folse wrote in a letter Dec. 18, to Association attorney Jeffrey Dahl.
NMMI attorneys filed a petition Monday calling for the action, after the Association did not respond to this request.
"We feel that's a clear violation of the court's preliminary injunction," Folse said Wednesday.
Shuler-Grey found that good cause existed to require the defendant to appear and show cause as to why they are not in contempt of court for failure to abide by the preliminary injunction, according to her order issued Wednesday.
A trial date is set for Oct. 6, when Shuler-Grey is expected to rule on the remainder of a lawsuit filed by NMMI against the Association. NMMI is asking the court to freeze the Association's $5 million in assets, transfer the funds to the NMMI Foundation, and order the Association to account for funds received as an agent of the school.
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I have had a problem with front end noises for about a year, with the exception of the rack most of my front end is new. I thought that I had eliminated the problem only to hear it reappear this past weekend. I have also recently replaced the high pressure line for the power steering after I found that it was leaking. I purged all the air but was still getting the bubble noise. I decided to replace the steering pump as well, as it was getting a little noisy and the steering seemed loose.
With the new pump, I followed the air purging procedure and it is a lot less noisy. After about two weeks (and multiple purges), I still hear the bubbles and I am beginning to think that air is getting in there somehow. Is it possible that something is wrong with the rack and that it is causing my noise and letting some air into the power steering system?


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Sold Out $18.99
Saint Jean Du Barroux l'Oligocene Rouge 2005
Rhone Red Blends from Rhone, France
Winemaker's Notes
75% Grenache, 15% Syrah, 5% Carignan, 5% Cinsault from 25 year old, organically grown vines from their Estate Vineyard. This is a high-altitude vineyard with stony, poor soils from the Oligocene Era - making for a rich, concentrated red.
Critical Acclaim
The Wine Advocate - "The 2005 Cotes de Ventoux is a gorgeous blend of 75% Grenache, 15% Syrah, and the rest Carignan and Cinsault. The wine's bouquet is reminiscent of a great Cote Rotie even though the Syrah component is small and no Viognier is utilized. Exotic floral aromas intermixed with blackberry and cherry fruit jump from the glass. In the mouth, the wine is soft, velvety, medium to full-bodied, pure, elegant, and exotic. Former pharmacist Philippe Gimel uses a combination of organic and bio-dynamic farming methods in this vineyard. "
Saint Jean Du Barroux Winery
Le Barroux is a small Provencal town located in the heart of the Vaucluse. Its twelfth century castle overhangs the stone-built village houses and picturesque alleys. In between the two famous mountains, the Mont Ventoux and the Dentelles de Montmirail, le Barroux is renowned as being an excellent tourist site, providing a magnificent scenic point of view. Nature surrounds the village, forests and fruit trees, intermingled with vines which paint a varying landscape of changing colors. The small estate vineyardsof Saint Jean du Barroux extend over 15 hectares of the hillside, at an elevation of between 300 to 400 meters. It consists of 11 hectares of vines and 4 hectares of fruit trees and forest, on alternating terraces and slopes. Owner and winemaker Philippe Gimel is the heart and soul of this tiny project, working the vineyards by hand in harmony with the environment. View all Saint Jean Du Barroux Wines
About Other RhôneOther appellations of the Rhône include: in the North – St-Péray, Chateau Grillet; in the South – Lirac, Côtes du Ventoux, Côtes du Tricastin, Rasteau
About France - Other regionsWhen it comes to wine, France is a classic. Classic blends, grapes and styles began in the country and they still remain. Think about it - people ask for a Burgundian style Pinot Noir, they refer to wines as Bordeaux or Rhone blends - Champagne even had to pass a law to stop international wineries from putting their region on the label of all sparkling wine.
The top regions of France are: Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Loire, Rhone. And these regions are so diverse! It makes sense that wine regions throughout the world try to emulate their style. Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah are no longer French varieties, but international varieties. They may not be the leader of cutting edge technology or value-priced wines, but there is no doubt that they are still producing wines of great quality and diversity.
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