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Click 'Add to basket' and proceed to your shopping basket where you can apply for finance and select your payment options.
|Traditional lugged and brazed Reynolds 531 frame
|Tubular crown hand brazed
|North Road with handmade leather grips
|1 Speed Trigger shifter
|Polished alloy crankset (46T, 170mm) with guard.
|Front Brake
|Sturmey Archer hub brakes
|Rear Brake
|Sturmey Archer hub brakes
|28 inch with gold piped black rims
|Rear Hub
|Sturmey Archer XRD single speed hub
|26 x 1/3/8" Cream Schwalbe Delta Cruiser tyres with Kevlar Guard belt puncture protection and reflective side walls. Front26 x 1/3/8" Cream Schwalbe Delta Cruiser tyres with Kevlar Guard belt puncture protection and reflective side walls. Rear
|MKS Sylvan Stream.
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- Iconic North Road handlebars: A Path Racer wouldn't be complete without North Road dropped handlebars. These beautiful swept bars offer iconic style and a relaxed racing position. Finished with Pashley's hand-crafted fine leather grips.
- Brass 'ping' Bell: A classic bell that is a refined addition to any bicycle. The bell has a domed shape body with a simple sprung finger mechanism that sounds out a clear 'ting' to let others know you're approaching. The bell can be attached to either the handlebars or the stem.
- Low maintenance hub brakes and gears: enclosed and sealed from all weathers, hub brakes and gears are long-lasting and robust and give excellent stopping power come rain or shine.
- Westwood rims with gold hand-lined pin-striping: manufactured to exactly the same profile as the original steel rims, these special Westwood rims feature a wide single-wall cross section in aluminium for corrosion resistance and reduced weight.
- Classic single speed hub gears options: The classic single speed option is where clean lines and simplicity - no gear cabling or shifters - is your cup of tea, and speed is more important than distance.
- Classic cream tyres with puncture protection and reflective side-walls: With robust, densely-woven carcass' that offer great puncture resistance, but using a fabric that needs less rubber coating and thus has a reduced weight. An inner Kevlar Guard belt provides additional puncture protection and a reflective band around the circumference of the tyre walls provide extra visibility after darkness.
- Traditional Brooks B17 leather saddle with titanium chassis: A 100 year old design, this saddle is the lightweight titanium chassis version of Brooks' flagship model. The leather allows the saddle to breathe and form to your shape over time becoming uniquely comfortable. It's finished with large hand-beaten copper rivets and comes with handy rear luggage loops.
- Iconic Path Racer frame with dynamic riding position: Authentic 1930s frame with long stable wheelbase and relaxed steering geometry, suited to speed cycling as well as longer day rides. The frame is hand-built using 100 year old traditional methods - with original lightweight Reynolds 531 tubing hand-brazed into lugs - for the attention to detail that only a frame crafted by hand can possess. With traditional tubular crown forks and specially formed D section stays.


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Cheddar Bacon Toasts RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
5 5 5
Four ingredients are all you need to bake up these golden appetizers. "They go great with a bowl of soup or can be served as an after-school snack," writes Mary Martin from Columbus, Kansas.
Recommended: Our Best Bacon Recipes
- 2 cups (8 ounces) finely shredded cheddar cheese
- 3/4 cup mayonnaise
- 1/3 cup crumbled cooked Jones Dairy Farm Dry-Aged Bacon
- 1 loaf unsliced French bread (1 pound)
- In a large bowl, combine the cheese, mayonnaise and bacon. Cut the bread into 24 slices, about 1/2 in. each. Spread the cheese mixture on one side of each slice.
- Place on an ungreased baking sheet. Bake at 425° for 8-10 minutes or until golden brown. Yield: 2 dozen.
Originally published as Cheddar Bacon Toasts in Quick Cooking May/June 2003, p49
Reviews for Cheddar Bacon Toasts
Please Log In or Join to add a rating and review.
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Reviewed May. 30, 2012
"wow this was good!!"
Reviewed Jan. 19, 2012
"This recipe looks very YUMMY & TASTY."
Reviewed Nov. 4, 2011
"I originally found this recipe on a different site. I like to add a little horseradish to mine and broil them. I cut the mayo down though and make a double batch and it's a good thing I do cause these things go quick."
Reviewed Aug. 30, 2010
"This is so easy to make & tastes so delicious! A great appetizer or snack. My kids love these too! We will make these again!"

subset: commoncrawl


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Siri Is REAL! #MindBlown
Caution, watching this video may change your life!
I have a love/hate relationship with Siri. Sometimes she's good to me and hooks me up with exactly what I need, and sometimes you'll find me cussing at her at any given time!
I'm going to stop yelling at her now – because I found out that she's a living, breathing, human!
Maybe I'm naive, but I always thought it was a computer generated voice! And, it kind of is, but it's also a lovely voiceover artist named Allison Dufty! Check out this video!
Subscribe to 107.7 WGNA on
So next time she accidentally text's your boss instead of your boyfriend Ross, don't yell at her too bad – we don't want to hurt her feelings!


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Where the Buffalo Roamed, a Strange and Morbid EconomyTim Heffernan
(Corrects year of railway's completion in first paragraph and number of buffalo in 14th paragraph.)
Aug. 30 (Bloomberg) -- The completion of the first transcontinental railway in 1869 divided the Great Plains in two. Some of its earliest passengers were buffalo hunters, and as they spread out from the railroad's embankments, the vast buffalo herds were divided, as well.
It marked the beginning of their end. By the tens, perhaps even the hundreds, of millions, the animals were killed for their skins, which were then easily transported to the coasts for the fashionable classes to buy. One man boasted of taking down 1,500 buffalo in a week -- 250 in a single day.
The first hunters got as much as $10 per skin. As more sought to cash in, the price plummeted to $1. Still, very good money for the era.
On the other hand, the buffalo skinners, those who followed the hunters and did the dirty work, were paid only a small percentage, plus all the buffalo meat they cared to eat. They went for the tenderloins and tongues and left the rest to rot. Vultures, like the hunters, enjoyed a few bounty years.
Then the herds were gone. Homesteaders arrived to a landscape white with buffalo skeletons. These would become, in many cases, their first harvest. "The prairies of the Northwest are covered with the bleached bones of the countless dead," a New York Times correspondent wrote in December 1884, "and here commerce steps in again to ask for something else: the very last remnant there is left of an annihilated race."
Skulls and Bones
Animal bones were useful things in the 19th century. Dried and charred, they produced a substance called bone black. When coarsely crushed, it could filter impurities out of sugar-cane juice, leaving a clear liquid that evaporated to produce pure white sugar -- a lucrative industry. Bone black also made a useful pigment for paints, dyes and cosmetics, and acted as a dry lubricant for iron and steel forgings.
Fresh bones could be boiled to extract gelatin for food, glues and photographic emulsions. Their leached husks, rich in phosphorous, were one of the first industrial fertilizers.
And so the homesteaders gathered the buffalo bones. It was easy work: Children could do it. Carted to town, a ton of bones fetched a few dollars. Sent to rendering plants and furnaces in the big industrial cities, that same ton was worth between $18 and $27. Boiled, charred, crushed or powdered, it was worth as much as $60.
A former bone trader named M.I. McCreight calculated that at least $40 million worth of bones was purchased by the processing plants in all -- about $1 billion in today's dollars. "A rather sizable pay-roll," he noted dryly in his memoir, "to have escaped the notice of history writers."
The gathering of bones traced the routes of the railroads. Swaths of land 40 miles to each side of the tracks would be picked bare; newspaper reports from the 1870s, aiming to amuse their citified readers, spun corn-pone tales of farmers bringing in "bumper crops."
By the 1880s, however, a few reporters were expressing nervous awe at the scale of the cleansing, and even despair for what had been lost. In 1891, not 25 years after the slaughter began, the Chicago Daily Tribune ran a dispatch titled "Relics of the Buffalo." The relics were the animals' empty pathways and dust wallows, worn into the surface of the Manitoba plains over countless years. The bones, let alone the living creatures, were long gone.
In reports from the era, the full cost of the buffalo-bone trade is usually revealed by the things not said. No note of lament or irony can be found in a 1907 Washington Post story describing the peculiar nature of Seneca Street in Topeka, Kansas. In the 1880s, it was "paved with buffalo skulls" thrown aside by the bone traders -- big but hollow, they weren't worth the space they took up in boxcars. "In light of subsequent values this was the most expensive pavement on earth," the writer observed, for by 1907 buffalo remains had become collectors' items, and "a pair of buffalo horns and the head of an animal of that breed will easily bring $400."
Living On
By 1915, there was a national outcry to save the last buffalo, a pitiful group of fewer than 100 living in Yellowstone National Park. Buffalo at last received legal protection, and the rescue of the species became one of the earliest and happiest victories of the conservation movement.
Today, herds of the animals again roam the Plains -- media mogul Ted Turner owns about 55,000 of them -- and although they do so in fenced enclosures, and the herds are shadows of the originals, the scales of both are sufficiently grand to give the illusion of wilderness.
But the slaughtered buffalo also live on, in a ghostly and haunting form. Phosphorous doesn't travel well through soil. And so while some fertilizers can simply be watered in, bone meal -- still used, but now mostly a byproduct of hog butchery -- has to be tilled into the earth. The buffalo bones, shipped east to be ground into powder, often went back west to enrich the vast farmlands that replaced the prairie. They are still there, slowly dissolving, a little bit of them coming up with the crops each spring -- a little bit of them going down with every bite.
(Tim Heffernan writes about heavy industry and the natural world for the Atlantic and other magazines. The opinions expressed are his own.)
Read more Echoes columns online.
To contact the author of this post: Tim Heffernan at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this post: Timothy Lavin at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Stringer Overcomes 19-Point Deficit, Tied With Spitzer: POLL
A new poll from Quinnipiac University shows Eliot Spitzer and Scott Stringer in a dead heat in the Democratic race for city comptroller. Amazingly, Stringer has been able to make up a 19 point deficit in just two weeks!
Spitzer had a 56 to 37 percent lead over Stringer just a couple weeks ago among likely Democratic voters. Now the two candidates are tied 46 to 46 percent with just under two weeks to go until the Sept. 10 primary.
Click here for the full Quinnipiac University poll results.
Photo Credit: Getty Images/Andrew H. Walker


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Frankly........you're under gunned.
This is a discussion on Bear loads? within the Defensive Ammunition & Ballistics forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; I will be travelling into a very rural area of N.C. in a few weeks to a friends property. There are bears roaming around, and ...
I will be travelling into a very rural area of N.C. in a few weeks to a friends property. There are bears roaming around, and on previous trips, we have seen them 50-60 feet away. However, they USUALLY want to get away from us ASAP.
So, what if, one attacks or meanaces us?
Note: I am not looking to "hunt" one, but will defend us against one.
I wil be carrying a 9 MM with a 4" barrel and/or a 642 38.
Choices of ammo?
FMJ or hydrashoks for the 9? or
158 Gr lead SWC reloads, or 125 gr SWCJHP winchester for the 38?
To be honest, that is probably the perfectly matched set of loads since you'll probably never need them. This page has a lot of resources: Living with Bears in Colorado | Colorado Parks and Wildlife
Study these and you'll be fine. Study "Outdoors in Bear Country" about mid-page.
If you feel compelled to carry something, get a large bottle of Bear Spray. You'll be fine.
ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ: Buy These Stickers Here
"A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon the world" Albert Camus
For the 9mm, the Federal 147 gr FMJFP @ 1000 fps should penetrate to a depth of 32.1 inches* and the .38 158 gr SWC loaded to ~850 fps (arguably a little optimistic from a 642) will get you about 30.7 inches of penetration* in soft tissue.
In most cases, the bear spray option suggested by Rock and Glock (cool screenname) is your best and most realistic bet.
*Predicted using the Schwartz bullet penetration model.
The Stats you quote have nothing to do with penetration on a bear.........have dropped many and have skinned some with old wounds of .357 caliber slugs that never penetrated out of the fat layer......as i said......your under gunned.....but better than a punch in the nose.
Absolutely the best Bear Spray is GUARD ALASKA - I'll include a link to J&L Self Defense Products. They are a fantastic company. You may buy from them with confidence and they ship FAST!
GUARD ALASKA is not really cheap but, you're paying for the best. What you are paying for is a large can of a special formulation of spray that is solvent based so that it instantly cuts through the oily skin of the bears face.
Also...the can itself is constructed of Stainless Steel so that there is no typical "shelf life" because the contents do not react with the can material which eventually happens with the more common Aluminum cans.
Animal Defense Sprays and Products - Pepper Spray - J & L Self Defense Products
Guard Alaska 20% ultra hot pepper spray has proven so effective repelling bears, it is the only one registered with the EPA as a repellent for ALL SPECIES of bear!
This bear spray is perfect for campers and hunters and should be in every RV safety pack. When traveling to the different camp sites around the US, you never know what you will encounter. Some places have wild dogs and coyote while others have mountain lion and bear. The good thing about this bear spray is it will drive away all these creatures. It will also drive away 2-leg predators if need be. It is absolutely the most effective and powerful bear defense spray available today.
SPRAY PATTERN AND DURATION testING conducted by BACKPACKER
MAGAZINE showed GUARD ALASKA BEAR REPELLENT to spray 20 feet and last a full 9 seconds compared to the other products, Bear Guard, UDAP, Bear Pepper Mace, sprayed in excess of 30 feet and to only last four seconds, Counter Assault, in excess of 30 feet and last 7 seconds.
FIELD AND STREAM MAGAZINE published a article stating to spray a 1 to 2
second blast if the bear was within 100 feet of a person an additional 2 or 3 second blast at 40
feet and then exhaust the can if the bear kept coming. This was all nine ounce cans. You can see all other products would be out of product if the user did what was recommended. GUARD
ALASKA would have 4 to 5 seconds of product left in the can.
GUARD ALASKA BEAR REPELLENT opens the pores of the skin and mucous membranes
to let the active ingredients be effective. The carrier has a specific gravity greater of that
than water, so it works on wet bears. It displaces water.
* 9 Ounce Super size with Shotgun fogger delivery.
* Range of spray: Approximately 15-20 feet.
* Dimensions: Height: 8-3/4" x Width: 2"
* An invincible 20% ultra hot pepper spray.
* Absolutely the most effective and powerful bear defense spray available today.
* This product has proven so effective that it is the only one registered with the EPA as a
repellent for ALL SPECIES of bear!
* Environmentally safe! Does not contain flammable or ozone depleting substances.
* Our formula is scientifically proven superior, and endorsed by the Alaska Science & Technology
* Six years of extensive testing in the wilds of Alaska. (QK addition ~ actually it's much more than 6 years now, this product info is out of date)
The Schwartz soft tissue/bullet penetration model does it's job quite well, thank you very much.
Looks like what you want to carry is designed to piss the bear off? I carry 9mm, but in bear country, I would also carry bear spray. XDm with 19+1 would be what I went for 2nd, 1st would be the bear spray.
As previously mentioned, the most practical and effective option would likely be bear spray.
If you do carry a 9mm for bear protection, load it with FMJ flat nose 147gr. You want a well built, heavy bullet that will penetrate deeply.
Buffalo Bore has a new .38+p load called the Outdoorsman. Thay say the hardcast bullet will penetrate a bear's skull. Still, as others have said, it would be a good idea to have the bear spray as well.
If the need arises ... use the 9 mm.... to shoot someone else in the leg so they can't run, then run like hell ....ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha......... to start with -- amount of BODY MASS before you even get to any major organs, number and depth of muscle mass, bone mass / thickness, skull thickness...... just to start with.......... and they can run a lot faster than any of us..... have MUCH larger teeth that can chew thru most bones , and have nice long claws that they use to rip an Elk, deer, etc. wide open .....otherwise , there are really no differences at all ..... really, go with that one and good luck.Originally Posted by 481;
the famous words of the last guy who got eaten / killed by a bear : " I've never had one attack me yet...... "
things to take a long :
* bear spray
* a bigger gun, or someone who can't run and has a very bad limp.
I've been around black bears a lot ..... and had 2 attempt to attack, and 1 that essentially did. I always kept a 30-30 rifle real handy.
I don't think you have brown bear in No. Carolina ... do you. Do you have to worry about Cougars in No. Carolina or wolves ????
I don't make jokes. I just watch the government and report the facts. --- Will Rogers ---
Chief Justice John Roberts : "I don't see how you can read Heller and not take away from it the notion that the Second Amendment...was extremely important to the framers in their view of what liberty meant."
When I was in Montana a coupla years ago on vacation in the mountains I almost stepped in some poop..I think it was bear poop because it had these little bells in it and it smelled a lot like peppers...
The best bear defense I can think of is to take someone with you that you can out run..just sayin
You're overly concerned. As you've stated, they tend to avoid people. Make your presence known.
Retired USAF E-8. Curmudgeon at large.
Lighten up and enjoy life because:
Paranoia strikes deep, into your life it will creep. It starts when you're always afraid... Buffalo Springfield - For What It's Worth
I camp in Montana in the summer. My New Super Blackhawk 44 mag is in the camper and with me on fishing trips ect. Double tap 320 gr. hardcast flat nose I feel properly armed.
You state that there is, "BODY MASS before you even get to any major organs," then go on to say, "number and depth of muscle mass" which is redundant at best. Is there some other soft tissue before you get to any major organs that only bears possess?
I've shot quite a few bears myself and have yet to see this "mysterious 'other' soft tissue" you allude to.
You also note that bears, "have MUCH larger teeth that can chew thru most bones , and have nice long claws that they use to rip an Elk, deer, etc. wide open". How does that effect a bullet's ability to penetrate the soft tissues of a bear?
Last edited by 481; November 10th, 2012 at 04:32 PM.


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Browsing Anthropology by Subject "Skull--Evolution"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
[2010-09-10] THE HUMAN SKULL: DEFINITION BY INTEGRATIONIST AND MODULAR MODELS The human mandible and cranium are parts of an integrated cranial complex. These regions are also major components of the modular system, which comprises multiple semi-autonomous areas within the body. Integration and ...


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Archive for May, 2012
The Coast Guard Tuesday morning rescued three crewmembers from an overturned fishing vessel near Winchester Bay, Ore., Tuesday.
According to the Coast Guard report, crews from North Bend, Oregon received a report at approximately 12 a.m. of a fishing vessel, the F/V Aries, that was overdue for its arrival and sent a HH-65 Dolphin helicopter along with a 47-foot motor lifeboat to investigate and hopefully locate the fishing vessel.
Oddly enough, the reporting source told the Coast Guard they could see a strobe light flashing just one half-mile from shore, which lead the coast guard helicopter crew to investigate and discover all three people atop the hull of the 38-foot fishing vessel, which had overturned. The men were later pulled aboard the motor lifeboat and took them to shore where emergency medical personnel were waiting. ... Read More
BRIDGEWATER, Pa. — Beaver County commissioners said that a man working on the new Veterans Bridge project over the Beaver River was flown to a Pittsburgh hospital after receiving a jolt of electricity after a crane from a barge hit some high tension power lines.
Coast Guard crews in Galveston, Texas are searching for 6 crewmembers of a fishing vessel that may have sank near Galveston, TX in Gulf of Mexico early Monday afternoon.
Coast Guard Sector Houston-Galveston said they received a mayday call from the captain of a fishing vessel at approximately 1:15 p.m. reporting that their vessel was taking on water, and the six people aboard were abandoning ship and getting into an orange life raft.
Details, however, are still unclear as the mayday call was said to be of poor quality. At this point, the USCG does not know the name or details of the vessel and it is not clear whether the fishing vessel was part of a commercial operation or private. ... Read More
SEATTLE, Wash. – A maritime worker, who was a forklift driver at the Port of Seattle, was fatally injured when he became trapped between a container and forklift, according to Hector Castro, a spokesman for the Washington Department of Labor and Industries (L&I). The victim was taken to Harborview Medical Center for treatment of his injuries, but he did not survive.
The captain of a 29-foot towboat went missing on Wednesday and was later found dead after issuing a distress call that his vessel was taking west of Pocasset, Mass. near Buzzards Bay. ... Read More
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. — A settlement by South Harmony Shipping of Panama, owners of the oil tanker the Dubai Star, was filed in San Francisco County Superior Court on Tuesday, May 9, by the district attorneys of San Francisco and Alameda County in Northern California.
Three crewmembers of a Seattle-based fishing trawler had to be medevaced after being exposed to an ammonia leak while fishing in Alaskan waters Thursday. ... Read More
The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that the families of the two Hungarian tourists who were killed when a barge crashed into the duck boat they were riding in, will split $15 million from a settlement with the companies that owned the vessels.
A body found floating off the coast of Montauk on Saturday has been identified as the captain of a U.S.-flagged tugboat who went missing in April near Newport, R.I., according to the USCG. ... Read More
OKALOOSA COUNTY, Fla. — The former executive of the Okaloosa Tourist Development Council accused of misusing BP oil spill and county funds died at an Alabama hospital on Friday, May 4, from a suspected drug overdose.


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New nickname? Photo: Jeff Patterson.
Interview by Dave Schiff
I've personally never met Dustin Craven, however from what I have read and the stories that I have heard, it's safe to say he's a good shit. He seems to have fun with his existence and his talent on his board allows him to proceed with his lifestyle. When I got into snowboarding I got into it for the life. I did not want to be the best snowboarder in the world. I wanted to have a means to live the way that I wanted. I think that Dustin may occupy those same values. However he IS one of the best snowboarders in the world and one of the most creative and outrageous individuals to boot.
So I have officially been asked by Yobeat to Hump you or something. How do you feel about that? Would you prefer it dry or wet?
I would like it dry if that's ok with you? Unless you're going to eff my little titties then I want you to lay me down, lube them up, and go to town.
It feels pretty good on this end so far. So I'm going to reach around and ask you more intimate question that I think your people would like to know. Are you in love with Mikey Rencz?
About as much as I like to fill out interview question for websites….. I love all my friends without them what's the point?
One footers are so cool even Canadians are doing them now. Photo: Robbie Sell
I was recently talking to Danny Kass and he said you would renounce your Canadian Maple Syrup Slurping Pride if he appropriated a work visa into America for you. Is there any truth to that? Would you really utter the words most sacrilegious to Canadians, "I love America"?
I needed letters of recommendation for my visa app to get into the States and when I called Danny he said he would only do it if I said I love America and I told him to go straight to HELL…. but in the end we meet half way and I said if I get approved then I'll say I LOVE AMERICA!
How do you compare the USA to Canada?
They're two different countries that are separated by the 49th parallel. We have a lot less people and free health care. We drink real beer. The States have Mexicans and we have Aussies
Danny also told me you are prone to be quite the show off. Has that ever landed your dick in the dirt, say with jumping off a cliff perhaps? Elaborate upon this please.
Danny likes to call me a sandbagger, but when you're doing stuff with a two-time Olympic medalist you can't help wanting to show off….. As for having put my dick in the dirt I have not. However one of my friends Cliff Kenezinton once fucked a gofer hole and to quote him, "Though rough and rugged, at first you can really hammer it home!"
Pretty much the coolest dude ever to set foot in a Monster-sponsored halfpipe. Photo: Joel Frasier/Capita Snowboarding
Do you think your life would be different if you made the Canadian Olympic team?
No, I think at the end of the day everyone gets excited every four years and there is a lot of hype, but between those 4 years, no one gives a shit.
Are you tending to be a more long and hard guy this season or a short and soft guy? (Powder or jibs?)
I'm just riding pow this year. I live in Squamish, BC now and there is lots of pow. It makes it easy to stay away from the parks and pipes.
I was looking at a shot of you doing a frontside invert on that monolithic sized wall from Super Park. It appears to me you are a real "hands on" kind of guy. Where is the best place to get away with public masturbation?
I remember when I was younger, in grade 7 or something, I went into the bathroom and rubbed one out. That's pretty public considering how many people are in a Junior High during school hours.
This is not the wallride Schiff was talking about. Whatever. Photo: Joel Frasier/Capita Snowboarding
I've been noticing a trend of where crews have been gang banging the film circuit lately. Do you have any memorable deep penetration or rail bukkake you'd like to divulge?
Nothing that crazy… every year your crew changes and you just do it, but I guess in gang bangs you not always with the same dudes.
Do you have any aspirations for filming this season? Who do you think you'll get the money shot with?
This year I'm filming for Videograss and will be on a crew with Eero Niemela and Benji Ritchie. It's kind of like getting a trail map to the backcountry, so I think just going out with them is the money shot.
It's been said that you are quite the ladies man. What's the difference you've seen between our girls here in the USA Vs. Canada? Where do you think the prettiest women in the world are, where are the easiest?
Canada and the US are not the same because the States have way more people. With more people having sex the odds of getting hot girls is a lot greater. Thus I believe the US has more hot girls. The hottest girls in the world would be in Norway and for the easiest they're the ones putting out. At the end of the day they're all bat shit crazy.
What do you think about strip clubs? Personally the way I look at it is once you've seen one naked chick twirl around and leave a snail trail on a pole you've seen them all. Kind of like how kids are firing off double and triple corks. Do you have these in your bag and/or do you even give a shit?
Double corks are not yet happening for me. I think I would like to try some for fun, but it would also be nice to see some of these double cork kids do a good front three or a method just for fun. As for strippers they are whatever…in Calgary, Alberta you can throw change at them. In Montreal they are really hot!
Keeping with the sexy theme we have going here would you rather have one of your fingers dispense any cheese in the world or any form of lubricant?
Any cheese in the world because cheese is the shit!
Apparently it's easier to find photos of Dustin riding pipe/park than pow. But here's one just to prove he's not lying. Photo: Jeff Patterson
What is a Gretzky Coffee?
9 cream 9 sugars (must be ordered at Tim Hortons)
One time I cut off one of my friend's fingers over a cup o noodles. Tell me the least intelligent instance you had as a youth?
One time when I was really little I took a razor and put bubbles on my face then I started to shave. When my mom got home she was like, "where the hell are you eyebrows!"
Would you ever want to move back to where you came from? What I'm really getting at is after snowboarding what are your hopes, your dreams, and your personal aspirations?
I think I'll just live where I have friends and a good place to snowboard, wherever on the world that may be? As for my snowboarding I'll do it as long as I can then one day I'll have to summit my application to the real world.
Love letters from Dustin to TMs. Photo: Joel Frasier/Capita Snowboarding
What is your proudest moment on and off a snowboard?
The day I got sponsored was a big one. Finding out you're getting free shit is wicked when your 15.
I have this horrible tendency where after taking a shower while toweling off I always dry nuts to face. I can't help it, but I'm going to try and change. Do you have any new years resolutions or intended self-improvements that you would like to disclose?
Yeah I'm the same balls and face, no biggie, they're my balls and I know they are clean.
I hate to mix politics/economic developments and snowboarding but what do have any socioeconomic and/or political issues you'd like to address?
Yeah, to all the people with split boards. Now it's really cool and it's awesome that they do it. Personally I prefer to snowmobile but I don't shout it from the rooftops. Everyone likes the smell their own farts but you don't go around telling everyone how much better your fart is then theirs.
Who do you think the most overrated pro is out there? Don't worry you can tell me no one reads this crap anyway. I'll prove it BROOKE GEERY IS A FUCKING DIRTY BITCH! See there was no edit even Brooke doesn't read this bullshit.
Girl Snowboarding.
What's with that dude in the foreground? Photo: Robbie Sell
What's the meaning of life at this time for Dustin Craven?
Just living day-by-day trying to do things that make me happy because at the end of the day the only thing you got is how great you feel.
What is the least of your worries this year?
Everything, cause the less you care the easier it all is.
Complete this sentence: When I got out of bed this morning I looked down and thought______________?
What the fuck is that.
Sponsors: Capita, Arnette, Monster, Union, Grenade, Rudeboys, Hershal, and Airhole.
Normal day at the office. Photo: Robbie Sell
If you want to watch video of Dustin, watch this. He's in there somewhere.
admin one of the founders of the internet.
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dustin is the man
Loved dustin since I saw a photo of him in snowboarder canada from lake louise superpark
Dustys a good rider but is the opposite of yobeat, this shit should be on transworld snow
it would never be aloud on transworld, there swearing.
the whole balls or face towel off thing would never be discussed or pondered by transworld.
Dave Schiff has an excellent interview technique.
that was good shit.
"overrated snowboarding: girl snowboarding"
more schiff!
Love itt!!


text:
Chinese rescue team arrives in Japan
Despite still dealing with its own natural disasters, China has swiftly despatched a rescue team to assist quake relief operations in Japan.
The 15-strong Chinese International Search and Rescue Team flew to Tokyo's Haneda Airport, carrying four tons of materials and equipment, including power supply and telecommunications gear, according to a report in Shanghai Daily.
The team spent little time in Tokyo after landing on Sunday, quickly heading to harder-hit areas to search for survivors.
The quake, the largest in Japan's history, was felt in Shanghai and neighboring provinces, as buildings swayed, reminding many of the shocks caused by the Sichuan earthquake in 2008.
The Shanghai Seismological Bureau says that the disaster, which struck over 2,200 kilometers away, won't have any lasting affect on the city.
"Since the quake was so strong, some residents, especially those in high-rises, felt the quake and called our bureau," Wang Jianjun, Shanghai Seismological Bureau vice director, told reporters.
"The power from this earthquake is more than 10 times that of the devastating quake which hit Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008. Wenchuan is some 1,600 kilometers from Shanghai, so more people felt the quake that time."
The city reported that all Shanghai students in Toyko were reportedly safe, as are the 4,578 Chinese tourists in the country, according to state media reports.
All too familiar with the devastation that earthquakes can cause, many Chinese netizens expressed their support for Japanese victims of the disaster, while a few voices celebrated a long-time rival's misfortune.
"Because it's Japan, I'm so happy," posted user Essien M, on a Tudou forum (translated by ChinaSMACK).
But such comments were quickly countered by the majority online who sympathize with Japan's plight.
"The entire world will look at the reaction of Chinese people, can you please not make us lose face?" asked user Guannei Shuaige. "Don't forget that only yesterday Yunnan had an earthquake. Do you want to completely lose face for Chinese people?"
User fsy1987 supported the sentiment: "First, I hope there isn't too much damage. Second, I really regret seeing some people taking pleasure from this disaster. Third, the Japanese are surprisingly calm and orderly when facing an earthquake. I saw photographs on Sina of people coming out of the subway station, and they were still lining up. Fourth, one must learn common earthquake knowledge, to be prepared. Fifth, treasure every minute every second of life."
Just hours after the disaster, news of the quake was splatted across Chinese websites, becoming the third-ranked trending topic of the day on Baidu, according to reporter Adam Minter on Foreign Policy, with 2.5 million searches for "Japan earthquake" as of 5:30 p.m. on Friday, March 11.


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Vincent Graff
He's a food-lover, but no cook, a vegetarian who loves a Christmas roast. Ricky Gervais puts his life on a plate for Vincent Graff
TV historian David Starkey tells Vincent Graff about the hearty northern diet of his working-class youth
Most broadcasters are reporting the US election from rooftops, so why has Sky ditched the capital for a 'White House' in Florida, asks Vincent Graff.
When James Whale was sacked by TalkSport for his comments about the race for London mayor his career looked doomed. Now he is bouncing back with a new show. By Vincent Graff
Politicians spend their working lives condemned to the rubber-chicken circuit. But where do they go when they leave the House? By Vincent Graff
'No bread, no butter, no potatoes. No pasta, no pudding, no cheese or cream. I'm just eating protein basically. But I do love food'
MIchael Portillo, the former Tory minister and Ribena child star, talks about his 'DIY Atkins' diet and how custard saved his life as an exiled eight-year-old in Spain
Once the world's most dangerous racing driver, Jody Scheckter has reinvented himself as a pioneering organic farmer. Vincent Graff visits Scheckter's remarkable conversion: 130,000 trees, 31 different breeds of grass and his very own 'university of organics'
September 19, 2007: When Blue Peter - a show so innocent it orders mums and dads out of the room so their children can assemble presents out of Fairy Liquid bottles - lets you down, who can you rely on?
He virtually invented the TV doorstep confrontation, with villains ending up in jail as a result of his investigations. So whatever happened to Roger Cook, asks Vincent Graff.
Jeff Randall, the BBC's ex-business editor, tells Vincent Graff why his new live slot on Sky News will be a big test.
Will Five News's move to ban trick editing techniques restore viewers' confidence or is it just a stunt? Vincent Graff reports.
As a kid growing up in Hounslow, Sanjeev Bhaskar loved his mother's curries, dhahls and chapatis - but survival at school meant pretending to like fish fingers. The Kumars star tells Vincent Graff about life above the family's Speed Queen Coin Wash, marriage to Meera and the restaurant sketch that turned their fortunes.
Media law: A journalist has lost his contacts book - and possibly his house - in a surprise high court ruling. By Vincent Graff.
Sky News achieved a broadcasting first with a live news show from a prison but the experience had its share of hiccups. By Vincent Graff.
Brought up on a diet of fish fingers, Pot Noodles and porridge, Paul Merton's idea of a culinary adventure was a night in with a Vesta curry. But then he went to Beijing - where eating on Dog Street was the least of his challenges ...
The volatile security situation in Iraq means that few journalists are willing to report from the country. By Vincent Graff.
John Humphrys loathes picky eaters, sell-by dates and never overfills his kettle. But this one-time organic farmer and voracious consumer of garlic, is also a serious foodie. Just ask his young son, says Vincent Graff.
Hated by Democrats, demonised by leftwing blogs and worshipped by the right, Fox News is 10 years old this week, but the channel has no plans to grow old gracefully. Vincent Graff reports.
With a Jewish grandfather whose favourite dish was pig's head with jelly, and a country childhood featuring lashings of treacle tart and suet pudding, food was always going to be a crucial part of Stephen Fry's existence. He talks to Vincent Graff.
The breakfast presenter talks to Vincent Graff about the challenges of making a daily radio show that is heard live in London and then one hour later by the rest of the country - minus all references to life in the capital.
Party political advertising during the Israeli election pushed the boundaries of taste so far that two of the adverts were banned. Vincent Graff reports from Jerusalem
Newsnight's new presenter talks to Vincent Graff about the secret of successful interviewing and how she has no intention of trying to mimic her broadcasting hero and colleague, Jeremy Paxman.
David Mannion, editor-in-chief of ITV news, shed a few tears when he picked up the top gong at the Royal Television Society awards last week. Vincent Graff talks to a hard news man who is not afraid of showing his softer side.
While all the other players in 24-hour news are competing to see who can throw most at the presentation - dramatic swooshes, big red banners declaring "breaking news", excitable tickertapes whizzing along the bottom of the screen - Chris Cramer, managing director of CNN International, has embarked on a new look for his channel, with lower-case captions that are gentler, less shouty and easier on the eye.
The radio agony aunt who went from being a household name to collecting the jobseekers allowance is back with a new show. So will she remember how to do it? Anna Raeburn interview by Vincent Graff.
Interview with Julia Hobsbawm The prominent publicist has emerged from a difficult year with a plan to end the war between journalism and PR. Vincent Graff asks how she can reconcile the project with her part in David Blunkett's downfall.
As the suave spokesman for Clinton's state department his job was to answer tricky questions. From next week James Rubin will be asking them as the host of a world news show on Sky News. Vincent Graff reports.
Some presenters have an easy camaraderie, others ... not so much. And stuck in a studio, day after day, petty grievances can make or break a partnership, finds Vincent Graff.
Last week C4 chief Andy Duncan spoke out about his Christian beliefs. But he is not the only prominent media figure with strong religious convictions, writes Vincent Graff.
Twenty-five years ago this week, TV reporting changed for ever with the first nonstop news channel. But what exactly happens in the studio when the big stories break? Vincent Graff talks to some leading anchors and correspondents.
Sky turned to actors when the Michael Jackson judge banned cameras in court, but the British legal system is taking steps in the other direction. Vincent Graff reports.
Race equality chief Trevor Phillips on TV, the press and how the Mail got it right. Vincent Graff reports.


text:
- 4 total posts
- 4 comments
Recent comments from Missyrenee02
Where did you have this treatment done? I look about your same size before you had the treatment and I want the same area treated. I'm a little worried for all the same reasons. How much did this treatment cost you? Do you have any scares? READ COMMENT
Needles don't really bother me either, but I am 5'2 and 130pds. I have gained 15pds and cant seem to drop the weight. I thought this would help. How much has it cost you again? I am considering my stomach and the back of my legs. I... READ COMMENT
I am thinking of having the treatments done in Natick. I was wondering what you thought of the Doctor who did your treatments. Have you gotten more? Would you overall recommend the treatment to someone else? These stories make me worry! READ COMMENT
I am thinking of having the treatment done. Now that you have already had a few treatments, do you still recommend the treatment worth it? All of these comments have me a little worried. READ COMMENT


text:
Rails vs Tapestry
check this java guys
plz comment out ur opinion!
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List of Core/common GoF / J2EE Design Patterns which are internally used by Spring / based upon: 1. MVC - The advantage with Spring MVC...
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Enter these codes in your 1310News Insider Club, and earn 100 points per code!
MAY 25- Humid
MAY 26- Happy!
MAY 27- Convertible
May 28- Motorcycle
May 29- Clouds
May 30– Muggy
May 31- Tshirt
The 1310News Mike Flash is your fast track to earning points and getting free stuff! If you are not a 1310News Insider, take a minute to sign up here.
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Dems pass retroactive bill to block recall of state senator Newman
Jerry Brown transfers $100K to help intimidate signature gatherers
Ken Harrison 10:20 a.m., June 23
It was a trip back to '90s adult-contemporary radio when Michelle Branch and the Goo Goo Dolls took the stage at Humphreys by the Bay on this beautiful summer night.
Branch played all of her hits plus some new tracks. She took a moment to point out a guy floating on a pool raft in the marina. The guy was using a dustpan for a paddle. When introducing her band she acknowledged their missing drummer by saying, "We don't talk about him."
The Goo Goo Dolls sounded just as energetic and emotionally charged as they did when they first hit the mainstream music almost 20 years ago. They switched out guitars between each song, from acoustic to electric and back again. Their hits "Iris," "Better Days," "Broadway," and "Home" had even the most macho members of the crowd singing along with them in chorus. They finished the show with a rousing rendition of "Give a Little Bit" that brought everybody to their feet.


text:
Applicants have overwhelmed Maryland medical marijuana regulators, a New Jersey school becomes the first in the country to allow medical marijuana on campus, Bolivia's president chooses an official beverage, and more.
Large Number of Applicants Will Delay Maryland Program. Nearly 900 people have applied to grow or sell medical marijuana in the state, and that is going to delay the program's rollout, Hannah Byron, the executive director of the state's medical marijuana commission said Thursday. She said the commission will extend the application period and revise the timeline, which had originally anticipated the first stage of the application review would be done by January.
New Jersey School Becomes First in Nation to Permit Medical Marijuana on Campus. The Larc School in Bellmawr Wednesday night adopted a policy allowing a teenage girl with autism and epilepsy to consume medical marijuana edibles while at school. The move comes just two days after Gov. Chris Christie (R) signed into law a bill requiring school districts to adopt such policies.
Drug Policy
Senate Drug Caucus to Hold Hearing on Border, Mexican Anti-Drug Assistance Next Week. The Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control will hold a hearing to examine drug trafficking across the Southwest border on Tuesday. The hearing will focus on the increase in illicit narcotics crossing the Southwest Border, the cartels profiting from this activity, and the nature and effectiveness of U.S. counternarcotics assistance to Mexico in reducing this flow, combatting corruption, and strengthening the rule of law. The following witnesses have confirmed that they will attend: Mr. Michael Botticelli, Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP); Ambassador William Brownfield, Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL); Mr. Jack Riley, Acting Deputy Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and Todd Owen, Assistant Commissioner Office of Field Operations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
. Former coca grower union leader President Evo Morales has announced that a coca leaf liquor, Cocablue, is the official drink of the presidential palace. Every bottle of Cocablue (111° proof) liqueur contains 69 grams of coca leaf extract that has been decocainized and is distilled five times. One vintage is released every year and each bottle is recorded, signed and numbered. The Mayan blue colorr is said to be a natural by-product of an artisanal handcrafting technique.


text:
Meni Tzima knows all about cute. And scary. She has specialised in crafting cutesy, often strange characters from her virtual Yupyland haunt since 2003 – and deploys a range of techniques to breathe life into her creations. She has created art for children's books, clothes and products – and her characters are increasingly finding a home in corporate work.
For this masterclass, Meni reveals how she created the character above from initial sketch through to working in Adobe Illustrator. The initial sketch is included as a download for you to work along with. The masterclass draws on vector art skills, exploring the power of various stroke techniques.
As Meni says, the point is to have fun when working and continue to experiment in character design.
Adobe Photoshop CS2 or later, Adobe Illustrator CS2 or later
Time to complete
2 - 3 hours
Project Files
Next Step »


text:
Cross Country: Redshirt (Did not compete).
Indoor: Finished 10th in the 800-meter dash running a time of 2:24.32 at the Jacksons/NB Boise Indoor Invite ... Competed on the 4x400-meter relay team at the Bronco Invite ... Ran a personal best indoor 800-meter dash time of 2:22.85 at the Bronco Invite. Outdoor: Ran a leg on the fourth place 4x400-meter relay team at the 2014 Aggie Open ... Finished fifth in the 800-meter dash at the same meet running 2:19.42 ... Finished seventh in the 800-meter dash with a time of 2:18.03 at the Brutus Hamilton Open ... Competed on the first lace 4x400-meter relay team at the Brutus Hamilton Open.
High School: Attended Lakeland High School in White Lake, Mich. ... Earned four varsity letters in cross country and track and field ... Competed on the Kensington Lakes Activities North Division Championship track and field team in 2011, 2012, and 2013 ... Named team captain of her cross country and track and field teams in 2013 ... Is the school record holder for the 400 meter dash (58.2), 4x200 meter relay, and 4x800 meter relay ... Received all-state honors in the 800 meter dash (2:13) ... Named MVP for her track team three years in a row (2011-2013).
Personal: Majoring in broadcast journalism, hopes to have her own talk show one day ... Chose Nevada because of the great coaching staff, Nevada's broadcast journalism program, and the great campus location... Was also recruited by the University of Kentucky, University of Wisconsin, and University of North Carolina, Charlotte ... Lists her favorite sports moments as winning regionals and receiving all-state honors ... Loves trying new things ... Enjoys outdoor activities including biking, watersports, and traveling ... Is interested in learning about other cultures and religions ... Daughter of Dwayne and Jill Glass ... has two older siblings, Kara and Anthony.


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On Friday, 07 April 2017 from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. (USA Mountain Time), we will be performing scheduled maintenance, which may cause temporary disruptions to our Web site, applications, HTTPS, and FTP. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you. Need to talk to us? You can always contact our friendly User Services Office at email@example.com or + 1 303.492.6199.
MODIS/Aqua Sea Ice Extent 5-Min L2 Swath 1km (MYD29) contains the following fields: sea ice by reflectance, sea ice by reflectance pixel quality assurance (QA), ice surface temperature (IST), IST pixel QA, sea ice by IST, combined sea ice, latitudes, and longitudes in HDF-EOS format along with corresponding metadata. Latitude and longitude geolocation fields are at 5 km resolution while all other fields are at 1 km resolution. Version 4 (V004) MYD29 data uses Aqua/MODIS band seven instead of band six. The sea ice algorithm uses a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) modified for sea ice to distinguish sea ice from open ocean based on reflective and thermal characteristics. The only data available for Version 4 (V004) is the Golden Month, which is a sample of V004 data covering the time period 29 August 2002 (day of year 241) through 7 October 2002 (day of year 280). The Golden Month is only available by special request by contacting NSIDC User Services.
Please note that NSIDC now has a complete series of Version 5 data, which is the highest version number now available and represents the best quality of data.
As a condition of using these data, you must cite the use of this data set using the following citation. For more information, see our Use and Copyright Web page.
The following example shows how to cite these data in a publication. List the principal investigators, year of data set release (2003), data set title and version, date of the version you used, publisher (NSIDC), and digital media.
Hall, D.K., G.A. Riggs, and V.V. Salomonson. 2003, updated daily. MODIS/Aqua Sea Ice Extent 5-Min L2 Swath 1km V004, December 2003 to January 2004. Boulder, CO, USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.
|Data format
|Spatial coverage and resolution
Coverage is global, but the sea ice algorithm applies only to ocean pixels. Spatial resolution at nadir is approximately 1 km for the data fields and 5 km for the latitude and longitude geolocation fields.
|Temporal coverage and resolution
Version 4 (V004) data extend from 04 July 2002 to 03 January 2007.
Temporal resolution is approximately five minutes.
|Tools for accessing data
MODIS Swath-to-Grid Toolbox (MS2GT)
|Data range
Pixel values vary by field; see Parameter Range for details.
|File naming convention
Example "MYD29.A2000055.0000.004.2002354200355.hdf"
|File size
MYD29 with day input data: 19.73 MB
The sea ice algorithm classifies pixels as sea ice, cloud, open ocean, inland water, or land. The algorithm also calculates Ice Surface Temperature (IST) for each pixel.
|Procedures for obtaining data
Contact NSIDC User Services to order data.
1. Contacts and Acknowledgments
2. Detailed Data Description
3. Data Access and Tools
4. Data Acquisition and Processing
5. References and Related Publications
6. Document Information
Dorothy K. Hall
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mailstop 974.0
Greenbelt, MD 20771
Vincent V. Salomonson
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mailstop 974.0
Greenbelt, MD 20771
George A. Riggs
Science Systems and Applications, Inc. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Mailstop 974.1
Greenbelt, MD 20771
NSIDC User Services
National Snow and Ice Data Center
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO 80309-0449 USA
phone: +1 303.492.6199
fax: +1 303.492.2468
form: Contact NSIDC User Services
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Algorithms that generate sea ice products are continually being improved, as limitations become apparent in early versions of data. As a new algorithm becomes available, a new version of data is released. Users are encouraged to work with the latest version available, which is the highest version number. MYD29 is available in Versions 3 and 4; however. See MODIS Product Versions for the reprocessing history and summary of changes in each version.
Please visit the following sites for more information about known data problems, production schedule, and future plans:
MODIS products are archived in HDF-EOS format, which employs point, swath, and grid structures to geolocate parameters to geographic coordinates. Various software packages, including public domain, support the HDF-EOS data format. See the Software section for more information.
MYD29 is split into three different file types: (1) swaths acquired during daylight, (2) swaths acquired during night, and (3) swaths that were acquired in both day and night. The DayNightFlag object in the MYD29 CoreMetadata.0 global attribute specifies what input was used for a given MYD29 granule. Content of sea ice data products is different between day and night, because MODIS visible data are not acquired when the sensor is observing the surface in darkness. Thermal data are acquired day and night. Swaths acquired during day or that observed a combination of day and night contain fields based on reflective and thermal data. In swaths that were acquired in night mode, only data fields based on thermal data are included. Each data file contains a mix of data fields, depending on whether the data were acquired at night or during the day:
Sea Ice by Reflectance
The sea ice algorithm identifies pixels as being sea ice, ocean, cloud, land, inland water, or other condition. Sea ice is distinguished from open water based on reflective properties. Results are stored as integer values.
Ice Surface Temperature
IST data are expressed in Kelvins and are stored as scaled integer data in HDF-EOS calibrated form. You must convert data to Kelvins using the calibration data in the HDF predefined local attributes:
IST = 0.01 * (calibrated data - add_offset)
The valid range for IST is 243 to 271.5 K.
Sea Ice by Reflectance PixelQA and Ice Surface Temperature PixelQA
These fields store the quality of the algorithm on a pixel-by-pixel basis. QA information tells if the algorithm results were nominal, abnormal, cloud-obscured, invalid, or if other defined conditions were encountered for a pixel. If all the input data and calculations in the algorithm were nominal for a pixel, the QA bit is set to nominal. If data showed abnormal values, for example out of range, the algorithm proceeds and outputs a value but flags it as abnormal. If the pixel is obscured by cloud, then the bit setting is cloud. If invalid data or calculations result in unacceptable values, the bit setting is invalid. See MODIS Sea Ice Quality Assurance Fields for more information about QA flags in sea ice products.
Sea Ice by IST
A pixel with an IST less than or equal to 271.5 K is classified as sea ice, and any pixel above that threshold is classified as open ocean.
Combined Sea Ice
This field represents the agreement or disagreement between sea ice identified by reflectance characteristics or by estimated IST. Data show pixels that were detected as sea ice in both the Sea Ice by Reflectance and Sea Ice by IST fields, and where the two techniques differed in detection of sea ice. Presence of other features, such as land, is consistent between these two fields.
Latitude and Longitude
Click the following thumbnail to see a larger diagram of how latitude and longitude fields are mapped to the sea ice fields.
The latitude and longitude data correspond to the center pixel of a 5 km by 5 km block of pixels in the sea ice field. Geolocation data are mapped to the sea ice data with an offset value of two and increment value of five. The offset indicates how far to move along a data dimension until reaching the first point with a corresponding entry along the geolocation dimension. The increment tells how many points to travel along the data dimension before the next point is found for which there is a corresponding entry along the geolocation dimension. In this case, the first element 0,0 in the latitude and longitude field corresponds to element 2,2 in the Sea Ice by Reflectance field. The algorithm then increments by five pixels in the cross track or along track direction to map geolocation data to the Sea Ice by Reflectance field elements.
A separate ASCII text file containing metadata with a .met file extension accompanies the HDF-EOS file. The metadata file contains some of the same metadata as in the product file, but also includes other information regarding archiving, user support, and post production quality assurance (QA) relative to the granule ordered. The post-production QA metadata may or may not be present depending on whether or not the data granule has been investigated for quality assurance. The metadata file should be examined to determine if post-production QA has been applied to the granule (Riggs, Hall, and Salomonson 2003).
Example: "MYD29.A2003141.0000.004.2003143091446.hdf"
MYD = MODIS/Aqua
2003 = Year of data acquisition (2003) 141 = Julian date of data acquisition (day 141)
0000 = Hour and minute of data acquisition in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (00:00)
004 = Version number
2003 = Year of production (2003)
143 = Julian date of production (day 143)
091446 = Hour/minute/second of production in GMT (09:14:46)
MYD29 with day input data: 19.73 MB
MYD29 with night input data: 11.67 MB
MYD29 with day and night input data: 19.73 MB
Coverage is global; however, only ocean pixels are run through the sea ice algorithm.
Resolution at nadir is 1 km for the sea ice fields and 5 km for the latitude and longitude geolocation fields.
MYD29 is produced in five-minute segments, which corresponds to approximately 203 scans. See the Aqua orbital tracks to help select appropriate swath data for your study.
Version 4 (V004) data extend from 04 July 2002 to 03 January 2007.
Temporal resolution is approximately five minutes for MYD29.
The sea ice algorithm classifies pixels as sea ice, cloud, open ocean, inland water, or land. In the Sea Ice by Reflectance field, sea ice is distinguished from open water based on reflective properties. Sea ice extent is determined by the number of pixels classified as sea ice. In the IST field, pixels classified as sea ice contain an IST value in Kelvins, and pixel values are scaled by 100 for all classes. The IST algorithm was designed for sea ice; however, IST values are provided for areas over open ocean.
Sea Ice by IST and Sea Ice by Reflectance:
0: Missing
1: No decision
11: Night
25: Land
37: Lake or inland water
39: Open water (ocean)
50: Cloud obscured
200: Sea ice
255: Fill
Combined Sea Ice:
0: Missing
1: No decision
11: Night
25: Land
37: Lake or inland water
39: Open water (ocean)
50: Cloud obscured
150: Sea ice by IST only
170: Sea ice by reflectance only
237: Sea ice by both reflectance and IST
255: Fill
Ice surface temperature:
You must convert data to Kelvins using the calibration data in the HDF predefined local attributes:
IST = 0.01 * (calibrated data - add_offset)
0.0: Missing
1.0: No decision
11.0: Night
25.0: Land
37.0: Lake or inland water
39.0: Open water (ocean)
50.0: Cloud obscured
243.0 to 271.5: IST (Kelvins)
Because sea ice varies in concentration from near zero to 100 percent, it can show different reflectances and temperatures within a pixel, due to sub-pixel effects. Sea ice can also have different reflectances depending on snow cover and presence of surface melt monds. Melt ponds and leads in the summer months affect the emissivity of the ice surface and, therefore, the calculation of ice surface temperature. Clouds may obscure sea ice observations, which is a problem when noting the movement of sea ice over an eight-day time series. Small ice floes, polynyas, and leads at subpixel resolution also contribute to errors in identification and mapping of sea ice (Hall et al. 1998).
Accuracy of IST is estimated to be 0.3 to 2.1 Kelvins (Key et al. 1997). MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data and campaign field data are currently used to establish bounds for MODIS IST accuracy.
In MYD29 Version 4 (V004) data, the sea ice algorithm uses Aqua/MODIS band 7. Good quality has been observed in the sea ice maps; however, investigation of effects of the switch to band 7 is continuing. The cloud mask product, MYD35_L2, used as input to the MYD29 algorithm also changed to use of band 7. The effect of that change relative to sea ice/cloud discrimination is being investigated. The IST was not affected by the switch to band 7 except, possibly indirectly by the cloud mask switch to band 7. Validation status is set at provisional until further validation work specific to Aqua IST maps can be completed.
Provisional means that the products are partially validated; incremental improvements are still occurring. These are early science validated products and are useful for exploratory and process scientific studies. Quality may not be optimal since validation and quality assurance are ongoing. Users are urged to review product quality summaries before publication of results.
Analysis of the quality of the sea ice data products is an ongoing activity. Specific information on the science quality of the sea ice data products is reported in the ScienceQualityFlagExplanation object in the CoreMetadata.0 global attribute. The URL for the quality assessment site is given in the product metadata and is linked to from the Warehouse Inventory Search Tool (WIST) when ordering data. The ScienceQualityFlagExplanation is changed in response to analysis and should be checked for updated information. In the MOD29 and MOD29P1D data products there are two instances of the ScienceQualityFlagExplanation, one for sea ice determined by reflectance data and one for IST written in the metadata. Information on both is posted at that URL.
The Ice Surface Temperature PixelQA and the Sea Ice by Reflectance PixelQA data fields provide additional information on algorithm results for each pixel within a spatial context, and are used as a measure of usefulness for sea ice data. QA data are stored as bit flags. QA information is extracted by reading the bits within a byte (See MODIS Sea Ice Quality Assurance Fields). The QA information tells if algorithm results were nominal, abnormal, or if other defined conditions were encountered for a pixel (Riggs, Hall, and Salomonson 2003).
See MODIS Land Quality Assessment for further details.
Contact NSIDC User Services to order data.
The following sites can help you select appropriate MODIS data for your study:
MODIS Swath-to-Grid Toolbox (MS2GT): software tools that read HDF-EOS files with MODIS swath data and produce flat-binary files of gridded data in different map projections.
HDF-EOS to GeoTIFF converter (HEG): This free tool converts many HDF-EOS files to GeoTIFF, native binary, or HDF-EOS Grid. It also has reprojection, resampling, subsetting, stitching (mosaicing), and metadata creation capabilities.
Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS): NSIDC provides more information about the HDF-EOS format, tools for extracting binary and ASCII objects from HDF, and a list of other HDF-EOS resources.
Sea ice is a highly dynamic feature that requires satellite-based remote sensing to better understand its behavior. Newly formed, smooth, thin sea ice is changed by temperature fluctuations, compressive and shear forces, surface currents, and winds. Sea ice usually becomes snow-covered only a few days after formation. As snow melts on sea ice, albedo decreases across all wavelengths. Sea ice has a much higher albedo compared to open ocean. Specific reflective characteristics of sea ice depend on the age of the ice. Snow-covered, opaque, white sea ice, thick first-year ice, and multiyear ice typically show maximum reflectance between 0.4 µm and 0.8 µm, and again at 1.9 µm. Young sea ice has a lower spectral albedo, 10-40 percent, than older sea ice when measured in this spectral range. Sea ice in the process of ablation and formation of melt ponds shows a decrease in reflectance from 0.6 µm to 0.8 µm, followed by a consistent decrease to approximately 1.6 µm. Sea ice reflectance criteria are used to identify snow-covered sea ice and the age of the ice (Hall and Martinec 1985, Hall et al. 1998).
Measurement of IST is useful for determining ice type and estimating radiative and turbulent heat fluxes for large-scale climate studies. IST estimates are used as an additional discriminatory variable for the identification of sea ice cover. Studies of MODIS Airborne Spectrometer (MAS) images in the Beaufort Sea, near St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, show that the surface temperature of water is typically greater than 271.4 Kelvins, while the surface temperature of saline ice is less than 271.4 Kelvins (Hall et al. 1998). These thresholds take into account the emissivity of sea ice. First-year ice has an emissivity of about 0.92, and multiyear ice has an emissivity of about 0.84. The difference in ice emissivities results in a difference in recorded surface temperatures, allowing a researcher to distinguish the relative age of ice and infer relative ice thickness (Hall and Martinec 1985).
The MODIS instrument provides 12-bit radiometric sensitivity in 36 spectral bands, ranging in wavelength from 0.4 µm to 14.4 µm. Two bands are imaged at a nominal resolution of 250 m at nadir, five bands at 500 m, and the remaining bands at 1000 m. A ±55° scanning pattern at 705 km achieves a 2330 km swath, with global coverage every one to two days.
The scan mirror assembly uses a continuously rotating double-sided scan mirror to scan ±55 degrees, driven by a motor encoder built to operate 100 percent of the time throughout the six year instrument design life. The optical system consists of a two-mirror off-axis afocal telescope which directs energy to four refractive objective assemblies: one each for the visible, near-infrared, shortwave-infrared, and longwave-infrared spectral regions (MODIS Web 2001).
|1:30 p.m. ascending node (Aqua), sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular
|Scan Rate
|20.3 rmp, cross track
|Swath Dimensions
|2330 km (cross track) by 10 km (along track at nadir)
|17.78 cm diameter off-axis, afocal (collimated) with intermediate field stop
|1.0 x 1.6 x 1.0 m
|228.7 kg
|162.5 W (single orbit average)
|Data Rate
|10.6 Mbps (peak daytime); 6.1 Mbps (orbital average)
|12 bits
|Spatial Resolution
|250 m (bands 1-2)
500 m (bands 3-7)
1000 m (bands 8-36)
|Design Life
|Six years
|Primary Use
|Spectral Radiance
|620-670 nm
|841-876 nm
|459-479 nm
|545-565 nm
|1230-1250 nm
|1628-1652 nm
|2105-2155 nm
|Ocean Color
|405-420 nm
|438-448 nm
|483-493 nm
|526-536 nm
|546-556 nm
|662-672 nm
|673-683 nm
|743-753 nm
|862-877 nm
|Atmospheric Water Vapor
|890-920 nm
|931-941 nm
|915-965 nm
|Surface/Cloud Temperature
|3.660-3.840 µm
|3.929-3.989 µm
|3.929-3.989 µm
|4.020-4.080 µm
|Atmospheric Temperature
|4.433-4.498 µm
|4.482-4.549 µm
|Cirrus Clouds
Water Vapor
|1.360-1.390 µm
|6.535-6.895 µm
|7.175-7.475 µm
|Cloud Properties
|8.400-8.700 µm
|9.580-9.880 µm
|Surface/Cloud Temperature
|10.780-11.280 µm
|11.770-12.270 µm
|Cloud Top Attitude
|13.185-13.485 µm
|13.485-13.785 µm
|13.785-14.085 µm
|14.085-14.385 µm
The MODIS scan mirror assembly uses a continuously rotating double-sided scan mirror to scan ±55°, with a 20.3 rpm cross track. The viewing swath is 10 km along track at nadir, and 2330 km cross track at ±55°.
MODIS instruments were built to NASA specifications by Santa Barbara Remote Sensing, a division of Raytheon Electronics Systems.
MODIS has a series of on-board calibrators that provide radiometric, spectral, and spatial calibration of the MODIS instrument. The blackbody calibrator is the primary calibration source for thermal bands between 3.5 µm and 14.4 µm while the Solar Diffuser (SD) provides a diffuse, solar-illuminated calibration source for visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared bands. The Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) tracks changes in the reflectance of the SD with reference to the sun so that potential instrument changes are not incorrectly attributed to changes in this calibration source. The Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA) provides additional spectral, radiometric, and spatial calibration.
MODIS uses the moon as an additional calibration technique and for tracking degradation of the SD by referencing the illumination of the moon since the moon's brightness is approximately the same as that of the Earth. Finally, MODIS deep space views provide a photon input signal of zero, which is used as a point of reference for calibration (MODIS Web 2001).
The objective of the mission is to develop and implement algorithms that map snow and ice on a daily basis, and provide statistics of the extent and persistence of snow and ice over eight-day periods. Data at 500 m resolution enables sub-pixel snow mapping for use in regional and global climate models. A study of subgrid-scale snow-cover variability is expected to improve features of a model that simulates Earth radiation balance and land-surface hydrology (Hall et al. 1998).
A ±55° scanning pattern at 705 km achieves a 2330 km swath, with global coverage every one to two days.
The MODIS sensor contains a system whereby visible light from the earth passes through a scan aperture and into a scan cavity to a scan mirror. The double-sided scan mirror reflects incoming light onto an internal telescope, which in turn focuses the light onto four different detector assemblies. Before the light reaches the detector assemblies, it passes through beam splitters and spectral filters that divide the light into four broad wavelength ranges. Each time a photon strikes a detector assembly, an electron is created. Electrons are collected in a capacitor where they are eventually transferred into the preamplifier. Electrons are converted from an analog signal to digital data, and downlinked to ground receiving stations (MODIS Web 2001).
The EOS Ground System (EGS) consists of facilities, networks, and systems which archive, process, and distribute EOS and other NASA earth science data to the science and user community. The EOS Data and Operations System (EDOS) performs forward-link processing of data and return-link of science data from EOS spacecraft and instruments, processes telemetry to generate Level-0 products, and maintains a backup archive of Level-0 products.
EOSDIS ground stations are a component of EDOS, providing space to ground communication. EOSDIS ground stations comprise the Radio Frequency (RF) ground terminal, EDOS ground station interface, and the EOSDIS Backbone Network (EBnet) telecommunication system. The RF ground terminal provides space to ground link communication channels for receipt of science data, receipt of spacecraft telemetry data and transmission of spacecraft commands for two EOS spacecraft simultaneously, including X-band and S-band capabilities. The EDOS ground station interface monitors and captures the high-rate science data and transfers data to the EDOS Level-0 processing facility at the Goddard Space Flight Center (ESDIS 1996).
GSFC processes Level-1A data from Level-0 instrument packet data, then processes a Level-1B Calibrated Radiance product (MOD02) and Geolocation Fields (MOD03). The MODIS SIPS team creates a Level-2 product for sea ice (MOD29/MYD29), which is then used as input to create Level-3 gridded products for day and night sea ice data (MOD29P1D/MYD29P1D and MOD29P1N/MYD29P1N, respectively). These data are archived at the NSIDC DAAC and distributed to EOS investigators and other users via external networks and interfaces (MODIS Web 2000). Data are available to the public through the WIST.
The local equatorial crossing time of the Aqua satellite is approximately 1:30 p.m. in an ascending node with a sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular orbit.
Data products are generated by the MODIS Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS) and transferred to NSIDC. Figure 1 is a flowchart that summarizes the steps in the MODIS sea ice algorithm (Riggs, Hall, and Ackerman 1999), which identifies sea ice on the basis of reflectance characteristics in the visible and near infrared (IR) wavelengths, and also by IST. Algorithm criteria are based on the Normalized Difference Sea Ice Index (NDSI). The NDSI is used to detect the high reflectance of sea ice at visible wavelengths, and the low reflectance at approximately 1.6 µm. NDSI is calculated using MODIS bands 4 (0.55 µm) and 6 (1.6 µm) radiances:
NDSI = (band 4 - band 7)/(band 4 + band 7)
Analysis of sea ice in a MODIS swath is constrained to pixels that:
Constraints are applied in the order listed. After they are applied, only pixels having a 95 percent or greater probability of being unobstructed by cloud over an ocean surface are analyzed for sea ice. Clouds are masked with the MODIS Cloud Mask data product (MOD35_L2). Land and inland water bodies are masked with the MODIS 1 km mask contained within the MODIS geolocation product (MOD03).
Refer to Figure 2. Sea ice detection is achieved with a criteria test for sea ice reflectance characteristics in the visible and near-infrared regions. A pixel is identified as sea ice if all the following conditions are met: (Hall et al. 1998, Riggs, Hall, and Salomonson 2003)
Intermediate checks for theoretical bounding of reflectance data and the NDSI ratio are made in the algorithm. Reflectance values should be between 0-100 percent, and the NDSI ratio should be within -1.0 to +1.0. Summary statistics are kept for pixels that exceed these theoretical limits; however, the test for sea ice is done regardless. A quality flag is set in the QA data array to indicate the occurrence of sea ice.
A split-window technique is used to determine sea surface temperature and ice surface temperature. This technique allows for correction of atmospheric effects (primarily water vapor). Relatively thin sea ice (less than 10 cm with no snow cover), which has a lower albedo and which may not be detected using the NDSI, is identified using the difference between ice surface and sea surface temperature. If the difference in surface temperature at 11.0 µm and 12.0 µm (MODIS channels 31 and 32, respectively) is small, then the algorithm assumes a clear atmosphere. Given this assumption, the surface temperature may then be estimated directly from the observed pixel brightness value at 11.0 µm, with an adjustment for the surface emissivity (0.985 for sea water). Sea ice is then identified as any pixel with a surface temperature less than or equal to the freezing point of sea water (271.5 K). Accuracy of the IST measurement may be increased by regression of the estimated IST with temperatures modeled from radiative transfer models or with observed surface temperatures (Hall et al. 1998, Riggs, Hall, and Salomonson 2003).
Radiance data from MODIS channels 31 and 32 (11 µm and 12 µm, respectively) are first converted to brightness temperatures with an inversion of Planck's equation (Key et al. 1994):
T = c2v / ln(1 + ((ec1v3)/E))
T = brightness temperature in Kelvins (K)
c1 = 1.1910659 * 10-5 mW m-2 sr cm-4
c2 = 1.438833 cm deg K
v = central wavelength in cm-1
E = radiance from sensor in mW m-2 sr cm-4
e = emissivity
The following equation, based on the technique of Key et al. (1997), is then used to estimate ice surface temperature (IST). Key's equation originally developed for the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) was adapted for use with MODIS channels 31 and 32.
IST = a + bT31 + c(T31 - T32) + d[(T31 - T32)sec(θ - 1)]
a,b,c,d = coefficients determined from multilinear regression of brightness temperatures to estimated surface temperatures
T31 = brightness temperature of MODIS channel 31 (11 µm)
T32 = brightness temperature of MODIS channel 32 (12 µm)
θ = sensor scan angle from nadir
The major caveat with the IST algorithm is that it is only applicable to clear-sky conditions. Inadequate cloud masking may result in significant error in estimating the IST. The MODIS cloud mask is used to identify clear sky conditions, since only pixels with a 95 percent or greater probability of being unobstructed by cloud cover will be considered. Water vapor affects the accuracy of the IST calculation, so variable coefficients are used to correct for atmospheric water vapor (Hall et al. 1998, Riggs, Hall, and Salomonson 2003).
The sea ice algorithm classifies pixels as sea ice, cloud, open ocean, inland water, or land. Sea ice extent and IST are the primary variables of interest in this data set.
Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). 1996. EOS Ground System (EGS) systems and operations concept. Greenbelt, MD: Goddard Space Flight Center.
Hall, D.K., J.L. Foster, D.L. Verbyla, A.G. Klein, and C.S. Benson. 1998. Assessment of snow cover mapping accuracy in a variety of vegetation cover densities in central Alaska. Remote Sensing of the Environment 66: 129-137.
Hall, D.K. and J. Martinec. 1985. Remote sensing of ice and snow. London: Chapman and Hall.
Hall, D.K., G.A. Riggs, and V.V. Salomonson. September 2001. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for the MODIS Snow-, Lake Ice- and Sea Ice-Mapping Algorithms. Greenbelt, MD: Goddard Space Flight Center. <http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/atbd.html> .
Hall, D.K., G.A. Riggs, and V.V. Salomonson. 1995. Development of methods for mapping global snow cover using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Remote Sensing of the Environment 54(2): 127-140.
Hapke, B. 1993. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Key, J.R., J.B. Collins, C. Fowler, and R.S. Stone. 1997. High latitude surface temperature estimates From thermal satellite data. Remote Sensing of the Environment 61:302-309.
Key, J.R., J.A. Maslanik, T. Papakyriakou, M.C. Serreze, and A.J. Schweiger. 1994. On the validation of satellite-derived sea ice surface temperature. Arctic 47: 280-287.
Markham, B.L. and J.L. Barker. 1986. Landsat MSS and TM post-calibration dynamic ranges, exoatmospheric reflectances and at-satellite temperatures. EOSAT Technical Notes 1:3-8.
MODIS Characterization and Support Team (MCST). 2000. MODIS Level-1B product user's guide for Level-1B Version 2.3.x Release 2. MCST Document #MCM-PUG-01-U-DNCN.
MODIS Science and Instrument Team. MODIS Web. July 2003. <http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/> Accessed October 2000.
Pearson II, F. 1990. Map projections: theory and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
Riggs, G.A., D.K. Hall, and V.V. Salomonson. February 2003. MODIS sea ice products user guide. <http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/siugkc.html> .
Riggs, G.A., D.K. Hall, and S.A. Ackerman. 1999. Sea ice extent and classification mapping with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator. Remote Sensing of the Environment 68: 152-163.
Wiscombe, W.J. and S.G. Warren. 1980. A model for the spectral albedo of snow I: pure snow. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 37: 2712-2733.
Please see the EOSDIS Glossary of Terms for a general list of terms.
Please see the EOSDIS Acronyms list for a general list of Acronyms. The following acronyms are used in this document:
ATBD: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document
AVHRR: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
EASE-Grid: Equal Area Scalable Earth Grid
EBNet: EOSDIS Backbone Network
ECS: EOSDIS Core System
EDOS: EOSDIS Data and Operations System
EGS: EOSDIS Ground System
EOS: Earth Observing System
EOSDIS: Earth Observing System Data and Information System
ERS: European Remote Sensing
ESDIS: Earth Science Data and Information System
ESDT: Earth Science Data Type
ftp: file transfer protocol
GMT: Greenwich Mean Time
GSFC: Goddard Space Flight Center
HDF-EOS: Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System
IR: Infrared
IST: Ice Surface Temperature
MAS: MODIS Airborne Simulator
MCST: MODIS Characterization Support Team
MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MODLAND: MODIS Land
MSS: Multispectral Scanner
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCSA: National Center for Supercomputing Applications
NDSI: Normalized Difference Sea ice Index
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOHRSC: National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center
NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
PVL: Parameter Value Language
QA: Quality Assurance
RF: Radio Frequency
SAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar
SCF: Science Computing Facility
SD: Solar Diffuser
SDP: Science Data Processing
SDSM: Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor
SIPS: Science Investigator-led Processing System
SMMR: Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
SRCA: Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly
SSM/I: Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
TM: Thematic Mapper
February 2004
October 2009


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Thursday, September 11, 2008 at 09:35PM
ok, that nutrisystem commercial really bugs me. the one with the girl who says, "i'm not your average girl" and then says she loves football, proceeds to CATCH a football and asks how many girls can do that?
um, how about MOST girls. i'm pretty sure MOST girls, most people, of ALL ages can catch a slowly thrown football aimed within an easy catching range. it's not that hard. let's see you THROW that football, huh?
and i hate how she makes it seem like she's the ONLY girl in the world who likes football. where has she been????? does she live under a ****ing rock? seriously. LOTS LOTS LOTS of girls like sports. it's normal. just cuz you can catch a football that was granny tossed to you, doesn't make you some great athlete.
come on. for f**** sake.
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Surely the marine life of Rozelle and Blackwattle Bays would benefit from a NSW ban on plastic bags ... If you agree, you could sign this petition and/or write to the relevant ministers. ... See MoreSee Less
Ban plastic bags across NSW, Victoria and WA
The Project has teamed up with Clean Up Australia to call on NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian, Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews, and WA Premier Mark McGowan to #BanTheBag. These three great Australians could see single-use non-biodegradable plastic bags banned across Australia, thanks to existing bans...
A timely article.
The Death And Life of the City of Villages | Altmedia
BY LAWRENCE GIBBONS In 2004 Clover Moore was first elected Lord Mayor and declared Sydney to be a "City of Villages." Thirteen years later Sydney's villages
Don't forget the Glebe Artisans Market on Saturday at Foley Park. ... See MoreSee Less
The Glebe Society shared Save Bidura From Overdevelopment's post. ... See MoreSee Less
The Glebe Society shared Better Planning Network's post. ... See MoreSee Less
BREAKING NEWS: COUNCILS TO BE STRIPPED OF POWER TO APPROVE DAs NSW Planning Minister Anthony Roberts plans to strip Local Councils of the power to approve most Development Applications. Are the proposed replacements- 'Independent Hearing and Assessment Panels' - really independent? Is this the death of local democracy? Please share your thoughts and let the Minister know too on his Facebook page: www.facebook.com/AnthonyRobertsMP/ (you can comment on any of his posts).
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GENERIC NAME: ANTHRALIN - TOPICAL (AN-thra-lin)
Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage
USES: This medication is used for the treatment of long-term psoriasis. Anthralin is a man-made version of a natural substance found in goa powder, which is from the araroba tree. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells. This product does not contain a corticosteroid or coal tar. It is not meant to be used for a severe outbreak of psoriasis. Do not use this drug if the skin is inflamed or irritated.
HOW TO USE: Exactly follow all directions from your doctor and pharmacist. Learn how to apply the medicine, how long to leave it on the scalp or skin, and how to avoid staining.This medication is for use on the skin and/or scalp.To prevent discoloration of fingernails, apply this medication using plastic gloves.Apply a thin layer to the area with psoriasis, usually once daily. Avoid the normal skin/scalp. Rub in well. If normal skin surrounding the treated areas becomes too irritated, you may cover the normal skin with petroleum jelly to protect it.To treat the scalp, wash hair first with a shampoo to remove loose scales. Rinse off the shampoo, then apply this medication as directed, only on the psoriasis area.Follow your doctor's directions for how long to leave the drug on the skin/scalp (usually starting at 10-30 minutes per treatment), then remove the drug. First, rinse with cool-to-lukewarm water (less than 80 degrees F/27 degrees C). Then, if you are treating the scalp, shampoo the scalp, and if you are treating the skin, wash the treated skin by taking a bath or shower using soap and hot water.After using this medicine, rinse hands immediately with lukewarm water, then wash with soap and warm water.Do not allow the drug to come in contact with eyes, mucous membranes (e.g., lips, mouth, nose), or genital area. If this occurs, flush with plenty of cool-to-lukewarm water. If irritation occurs, contact your doctor immediately.Caution is advised when applying on the areas between toes and fingers, on the face, or in skin folds. If too much irritation occurs after using this medication, stop using this medication and tell your doctor.Treatment is usually continued until the affected area is entirely clear.Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.
Quick GuidePsoriasis Types, Images, Treatments
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