text:
Job Overview
The Indian Health Service (IHS) is the principal federal health care provider and health advocate for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). The IHS goal is to raise Indian health status to the highest possible level. IHS provides leadership and direction to programs and activities designed to improve health outcomes to over 1.9 million AI/AN through a system of IHS, Tribal, and Urban operated facilities and programs.
The IHS is required by law to give absolute preference to qualified applicants who meet the Secretary of the Interior's definition of Indian for appointment to vacancies within the IHS in accordance with established IHS policy as outlined in the Indian Health Manual Part 7, Chapter 3. The IHS is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
- Salary Range: $67,720.00 - $97,399.00 (Annually)
- Promotion Potential: 12
- Is position covered by PL 101-630: YES--Print off and return Childcare Addendum for this position see under "How-to-Apply".
- Housing Available: NO
- Tour of Duty: Call Back, Standby, Rotating Shifts, Nights/Weekends/Holidays, 40 Hours Per Week (Possible overtime may be required).
- Drug Testing Required: NO
See http://www.ihs.gov/jobsatihs/ for more position availabilities.
Please ensure you answer all questions and follow all instructions carefully; Errors or omissions may impact your rating and/or result in you losing consideration for this position.MAJOR DUTIES: This position is located in one of the IHS Service Units in Aberdeen Area. The purpose of this position is to plan and provide women;s health care with emphasis on the reproductive cycle including management of intrapartum period for normal and high risk mothers; provide health care for newborns; educate, counsel, and advise patients on all aspects of the reproductive cycle and related psychosocial issues; educate, counsel, and advise other health care professionals; and participate in research, IHS goal development, and nursing/medical standards and protocol developments.
Provides medical and nursing care for mothers and babies from the highest risk segment of the maternal-child population in the U.S. Works collaboratively with the physician in medically complicated situations.
Provides primary health maintenance functions (such as pap smears, family planning, health teaching, etc.) for essentially well women throughout the reproductive cycle within the framework of established clinical practice agreements.
Utilizing the nursing process, manages antepartum, labor and delivery and postpartum care and provides teaching, counseling and support to obstetrical clients in accordance with established clinical practice agreements and in close collaboration with senior midwife or physician.
Manages ante-partum, labor, and delivery, newborn, and neonatal care, provides teaching, counseling and support.
Works collaboratively with the physicain in management of selected complex medical problems in pregnancy, using consultation and referral as appropriated.
Provides leadership in comprehensive nursing, preventative, and therapeutic health care service to patients and family members, in a variety of settings from community based primary care facilities to medically directed health service.
Serves in a teaching capacity in the development of other health care workers.
Travel Required
- Occasional Travel
- Travel may be required for training purposes and/or other work related duties.


text:
[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
[Author Index]
Re: Bug with Limit?
Andrzej Kozlowski <akoz at mimuw.edu.pl> writes:
> There is no reason why any compromises should be made in
> design of Mathematica to deal with problems of students who do not
> have yet acquired sufficient understanding of the mathematical
> concepts involved.
No one is asking for that. But it would be nice if the Help Browser
page for the Limit function made it explicit that if a direction
is not specified, a default direction is used. Otherwise there
will be people who think that omitting the direction indicates that
a non-directional limit is being requested.
Yes, if one digs into the documentation far enough, the information
is there. But this is significant enough to merit mention on the
Limit page.
> In my opinion, this is a problem for educators and
> not for the designers of Mathematica.
Making the documentation clear is a problem for the designers
of Mathematica.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mile Markers Webinar
Center for Youth Ministry Studies
Tuesday, October 5, 2010 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM (CDT)
Event Details
Free Webinar on Mile Markers: Helping Students Transition Through Their Journey
hosted by North Park University's Center for Youth Ministry Studies
Tuesday, October 5 from Noon to 1:00 pm CST
featuring Denise McKinney, author of Mile Markers: A Path for Nurturing Adolescent Faith
The journey of adolescence can be a long, winding road, filled with detours, wrong turns, great scenery, and amazing destinations. But for many teens, the journey can be overwhelming, intimidating, confusing, and can leave them feeling like they're on the road alone. Mile Markers is the practice of leading students towards personal, tangible, and memorable moments that help shape the person they are becoming.
Registration required to obtain webinar link and audio information. Contact CYMS at email@example.com or 773-244-5207 with questions.
Tuesday, October 5, 2010 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM (CDT)
Add to my calendar
Center for Youth Ministry Studies
CYMS serves Christian leaders who are dedicated to holistically ministering to adolescents. We build dialogical partnerships, provide training opportunities, develop resources, and participate in networks that advocate for the development of youth and the systems that impact them.


text:
Political Action Committee
Apply today for a KSPE Award
May 2017 Newsletter
To promote, recognize and enhance the engineering profession by delivering
professional development products and services, encouraging licensure, and
advocating legislation and public policy for the betterment of human welfare and the profession.
June 14-16, 2017
Double Tree Hotel Lawrence, KS
The Jayhawk Club
(formerly Alvamar Country Club)
Registration is now available for the Kansas Society of Professional Engineers Annual Conference being held June 14-16, 2017 at the newly renovated DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel and in Lawrence, Kansas.
The Conference Planning Committee has put together a great program, please see the attached or click here for the agenda and registration.
To make a room reservation at the DoubleTree, please click here or call 785-841-7077 and reference the group name KSPE Kansas Society of Professional Engineers to receive the special rate of $89 per night. Make your reservation before the cut-off date of May 23. DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Lawrence, 200 McDonald Drive, Lawrence, KS 66044.
View Calendar
KSPE President-Elect Wayne Nelson Testifies in Support of SB 224
In March 2017, KSPE President-Elect Wayne Nelson provided testimony to the Senate Tax Committee on Senate Bill 224, which would increase the fuel tax by a nickel. This new revenue would be sent to the State Highway Fund where it is protected from transfers by the Kansas Constitution. The progress of the current comprehensive transportation plan, known as T-WORKS, has slowed due to many transfers of highway money to the State General Fund. Many supporters of infrastructure funding supported the bill.
SB 224 would help backfill nearly a third of the projected highway transfers for the next two fiscal years.
KSPE does not relish the idea of increasing fuel taxes. However, understanding the fiscal climate of the state and the remaining projects left uncompleted in the T-WORKS program, SB 224 could prove to help make good on the promise the ten-year plan started seven years ago.


text:
WHEN: June 10, 2017 @ 8:00 am – 11:00 am Check-in at 7:30am WHERE: Woodward Park Fresno (Mountain View Shelter), CA COST: $30.00 Early Bird Rate for… Read More
The Hanford Elementary School District is taking preventative measures to help students who are sensitive to poor air quality. To continue reading this story please follow the below link to the Hanford Sentinel: Hanford Sentinel
This winter's El Nino weather pattern has brought rain and healthier air to the Valley, but the air quality continues to be a serious issue. Click below to continue to read this story: ABC30
Walter Brown Elementary School using grants to develop healthy air campaign Turlock Unified School District began hourly checks on air quality in 2007 Real-time information lets kids exercise with lowest asthma risk Read more here: Modesto Bee
Meeting tougher ozone standard requires cars, trucks, buses, tractors and trains that run on electricity valley air district offers incentives on top of state and federal assistance for electric cars, plug-in hybrids local businesses can get up… Read More
Respiratory viruses are common in children under 5, particularly those who attend daycare or are exposed to tobacco smoke. Most cases are mild, but for some children, an ordinary cold or flu can quickly turn into asthma, RSV… Read More
According to a recent study, patients with asthma were more physically active than non-asthmatics, and women with higher levels of activity displayed poorer asthma control than equally active men. The study is titled "High levels of physical… Read More
Click the links below to get more information on Asthma Education California Breathing California Breathing is dedicated to improving the lives of people with asthma in California by leading the implementation of the Strategic Plan for… Read More
Click the link below to get more information on joining us to raise awareness of this chronic disease that affects many families and children in the Central Valley through our annual "5K BUBBLE FUN RUN FOR ASTHMA AWARENESS"… Read More
As a volunteer/Intern you will help support the programs listed below. Each program supports the mission of the Central California Asthma Collaborative. Click on each of the programs and find one that's right for you. Asthma Impact Model… Read More
WHEN: June 10, 2017 @ 8:00 am – 11:00 am Check-in at 7:30am WHERE: Woodward Park Fresno (Mountain View Shelter), CA COST: $30.00 Early Bird Rate for… Read More


text:
Sukhoi Su-35
|A modernized Su-35S of the Russian Air Force
|Multirole air superiority fighter
|National origin
|Soviet Union
|Design group
|Built by
|Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO)
|First flight
|Su-27M: 28 June 1988
Su-35S: 19 February 2008
|In service[1]
|Primary users
|Russian Air Force
PLA Air Force
|Su-27M: 1988–95
Su-35S: 2007–present
|Number built
|Su-27M: 15[2]
Su-35S: 58,[3] 4 for export[4]
|Unit cost
|Developed from
|Sukhoi Su-27
|Sukhoi Su-37
The Sukhoi Su-35 (Russian: Сухой Су-35; NATO reporting name: Flanker-E[N 1]) is a designation for two separate, heavily upgraded derivatives of the Su-27 aircraft. They are single-seat, twin-engine, supermaneuverable multirole fighters, designed by Sukhoi and built by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO).
The first variant was designed during the 1980s, when Sukhoi sought to upgrade its high-performance Su-27, and was initially known as the Su-27M. Later re-designated Su-35, this derivative incorporated aerodynamic refinements with increased manoeuvrability, enhanced avionics, longer range, and more powerful engines. The first Su-35 prototype, converted from a Su-27, made its maiden flight in June 1988. More than a dozen of these were built, some of which were used by the Russian Knights aerobatic demonstration team. The first Su-35 design was later modified into the Su-37, which possessed thrust vectoring engines and was used as a technology demonstrator. A sole Su-35UB two-seat trainer was built in the late 1990s that strongly resembled the Su-30MK family.
In 2003, Sukhoi embarked on a second modernization of the Su-27 to produce what the company calls a 4++ generation fighter that would bridge the gap between legacy fighters and the upcoming fifth-generation Sukhoi PAK FA. This derivative, while omitting the canards and air brake, incorporates a reinforced airframe, improved avionics and radar, thrust-vectoring engines, and a reduced frontal radar signature. In 2008 the revamped variant, erroneously named the Su-35BM in the media, began its flight test programme that would involve four prototypes, one of which was lost in 2009.
The Russian Air Force has ordered 98 production units, designated Su-35S, of the newly revamped Su-35.[8] Both Su-35 models were marketed to many countries, including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea; only China has so far ordered the Su-35, placing an order for 24 in late 2015. Indonesia expressed an intent to buy between 8-10 Su-35s in 2015, but has yet to sign a final purchase contract. Other countries have since either purchased other aircraft or lost interest in the Su-35. Sukhoi originally projected that it would export more than 160 units of the second modernized Su-35 worldwide, but sales of the Su-35 have been blunted by updated versions of the Sukhoi Su-30, and by the development of stealthy fifth generation aircraft, including Sukhoi's own Sukhoi PAK FA.[9][10]
- 1 Design and development
- 2 Operational history
- 3 Variants
- 4 Operators
- 5 Specifications (Su-35S)
- 6 See also
- 7 Footnotes
- 8 References
- 9 Bibliography
- 10 External links
Design and development[edit]
Upgraded Su-27[edit]
In the early 1980s, while the Su-27 was entering service with the Soviet Air Forces, Sukhoi looked to develop a follow-on variant. Originally designated "Su-27M" and known internally as the "T10-M", it would be much more agile and feature greatly improved avionics compared to the aircraft considered to be the best contemporary fighter.[11] It was also to carry more armament to improve its Air-to-ground weaponry capabilities.[12]
The improved variant, the development of which began in the early 1980s,[13] featured a host of changes in aerodynamics, avionics, powerplants, and construction methods, as well as increasing payload capacity. High-strength composites and Aluminium-lithium alloys were used to reduce weight and boost internal fuel volume.[14] One of the distinguishing features of this early design were the canards, which improved airflow over the wings, eliminating buffeting and allowing the aircraft to fly at an angle of attack of 120°. These canards were governed by a new digital fly-by-wire flight-control system.[11] The aircraft was fitted with the Luylka AL-31FM(AL-35F) turbofan engine which is larger, more reliable and, with a thrust of 125 kN (28,200 lbf), more powerful than those found on the Su-27.[11]
Also new was the fire-control system, at the heart of which is the N011 pulse-Doppler radar, which could track up to 15 aerial targets simultaneously and guide up to six missiles simultaneously.[15] The tail "stinger" houses the Phazotron N-012 rear-facing radar.[14] The aircraft could carry various bombs (including napalm, dumb and Cluster munitions) and both air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles; and had two additional underwing pylons.[15] The cockpit was modernized, equipped with multi-function colour LCD screens, and fitted with a K-36DM ejection seat inclined at 30° to improve pilot g-force tolerance.[15] Range was increased to 4,000 km (2,222 nmi),[16] the adoption of an aerial refuelling probe enables further range extension. The aircraft was characterized by its twin nose wheel – as a result of higher payload – and larger tail fins with Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer square-topped tips.[14][17][18]
Testing and demonstration[edit]
The Su-27M (T-10S-70) prototype first flew on 28 June 1988 piloted by Sukhoi chief test pilot Oleg Tsoi.[15][19] The first prototype differed slightly from later examples in: retaining standard Su-27 vertical stabilizers without the cropped top; lacking a fire-control system; having a three-tone grey/blue camouflage scheme, along with minor differences.[15] Designated T10M-1 to T10M-10, the first ten prototypes were built by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO) in conjunction with Sukhoi (as the Soviet military-industrial structure separated the aircraft designer and manufacturer).[15] They differed slightly, as four were converted from Su-27s, and the others were new-builds.[20][21] The second prototype started flying in January 1989, while the third followed in mid-1992.[15][22] The prototypes were used to validate the canards and new flight-control system.[14]
In 1990, the first prototype was displayed to Ministry of Defence officials at Kubinka Air Base.[15] The aircraft's first aerial demonstration occurred on 13 February 1992, in front of CIS leaders in Machulishi, Minsk, before making its public debut at that year's Farnborough Airshow.[15][23] The third prototype, T10M-3, appeared at the Dubai Airshow in 1993, by which time Sukhoi had re-designated its fighter the "Su-35".[20][24] T10M-3 demonstrated its dogfight manoeuvres, including the Pugachev's Cobra, to potential export customers. Viktor Pugachyov subsequently piloted the prototype in a mock fight with an Su-30MK.[20] The Su-35 performed at numerous air shows during the following years, including at the 1993 and 1995 MAKS Airshows and the 1994 ILA Berlin Air Show.[20] In addition to Su-27 conversions, three production Su-35s were completed in 1996 and delivered to Russian Air Force (VVS) for testing.[25]
Throughout the Su-35's flight test programme, active controls during manoeuvres such as the Pugachev's Cobra and tailslide could not be maintained. The eleventh Su-27M (T10M-11) was built by KnAAPO and delivered in 1995 for the installation of exclusive systems to give it thrust-vectoring capabilities. The resultant Su-37 technology demonstrator made its first flight in April 1996.[27][28] A second Su-35 was modified into an Su-37 in the late 1990s.[29] In 2001, AL-31F engines with fixed nozzles, an upgraded fly-by-wire controls, and improved cockpit systems were fitted to a Su-37 for testing.[26]
In total, 15 airworthy Su-35s (Su-27M) were produced, including an Su-35UB two-seat prototype, along with two static test prototypes.[2][30] The Su-35UB, powered by two modified AL-31FPs with thrust-vectoring nozzles, made its first flight on 7 August 2000. It was demonstrated to South Korea during that country's F-X replacement fighter tender, before becoming an avionics testbed.[31] The original Su-35 never entered serial production due to a lack of funding,[25] and the VVS continued to use its Su-27 fleet. The Su-35's automatic control of canards and the Su-37's thrust-vectoring technology were applied to the Sukhoi Su-30MKI.[32] One of the Su-35s, T10M-10, served as a testbed for the Saturn 117 (AL-41F1) engine intended for Russia's upcoming PAK FA fifth-generation jet fighter.[33]
In 2003, even as Russia aimed to export the Su-27M, Sukhoi launched a project to produce a fighter to bridge the gap between upgraded variants of the Su-27 and Su-30MK, and Russia's fifth-generation Sukhoi PAK FA. The project's aim was a second modernization of the Su-27 airframe (hence its classification as a "4++ generation fighter") by incorporating several characteristics that would be implemented on the PAK FA.[34][35] Additionally, the aircraft was to be an alternative to the Su-30 family on the export market.[36] The design phase was to take place until 2007, when it would be available for sale.[34] It was later reported that the programme was launched due to concerns that the PAK FA project would encounter funding shortages.[37] The project's in-house designation is T-10BM (Bolshaya Modernizatsiya, "Big Modernization") while the aircraft is marketed as the Su-35.[34][38][N 2]
While the aircraft maintains a strong superficial resemblance to the Su-27, the airframe, avionics, propulsion and weapons systems of the Su-35 have been thoroughly overhauled. Technological advancements have produced more compact and lighter hardware, such as the radar, shifting the centre of gravity to the aircraft's rear. These improvements removed the need for canards and saw the abandonment of the "tandem triplane" featured on several Su-27 derivatives.[34][36] Also omitted was the Su-27's dorsal airbrake, which was replaced by differential deflection of the vertical stabilizers.[39] Other aerodynamic refinements include a height reduction of the vertical stabilizers, a smaller aft-cockpit hump, and shorter rearward-projecting "sting".[34]
The reinforced airframe sees extensive use of titanium alloys, increasing its durability to some 30 years or 6,000 service hours, and raising the maximum takeoff weight to 34.5 tonnes.[40][N 3] Internal fuel capacity was increased by more than 20% to 11.5 tonnes, and could be raised to 14.5 tonnes with the addition of drop tanks; in-flight refueling can also be used to extend missions.[36][39]
Sukhoi has overhauled the avionics suite, at the heart of which is the information management system that enhances man-machine interaction. The system, which has two digital computers, collects and processes data from various tactical and flight-control systems and presents the relevant information to the pilot through the two main multi-function displays, which, together with three secondary MFDs, form the glass cockpit.[41][42] The aircraft features many other upgrades to its avionics and electronic systems, including digital fly-by-wire flight-control system, and the pilot is equipped with a head-up display and night-vision goggles.[43]
The Su-35 employs an Irbis-E passive electronically scanned array radar that constitutes an essential component of the aircraft's fire-control system. The radar is capable of detecting a 3-square-metre (32 sq ft) aerial target at a distance of 400 km (250 mi), and can track 30 airborne targets and engage eight of them at the same time.[42] Su-35S uses the N135 Irbis passive antenna array with electronic scanning radar for improved locating.[44] The radar can also map the ground using a variety of modes, including the synthetic aperture mode. The Irbis-E is complemented by an OLS-35 optoelectronic targeting system that provides laser ranging, TV, Infra-red search and track (IRST) functionality.[42] The Su-35 is compatible with a multitude of long- and short-range air-to-air missiles, precision and unguided air-to-ground weaponry that include missiles, fuel-air bombs and rockets. A maximum weapon payload of 8 tonnes can be carried on the fourteen hardpoints.[45] The fighter may use missiles with a range of up to 300 km[46][47] The radar's extremely high power levels make it detectable by potential threats' radar warning receivers at very long ranges.[48] The Su-35 could be fitted with the PAK-FA's new AESA radar in the future.[49]
The Su-35 is powered by a pair of izdeliye (Product) 117S (AL-41F1S) turbofan engines. Developed jointly by Sukhoi, NPO Saturn and UMPO, the engine is a heavily upgraded AL-31F variant, and draws on the design of the fifth-generation PAK FA's Saturn 117 (AL-41F1) engines. Its thrust output is estimated at 142 kN (31,900 lbf), 20 kN (4,500 lbf) more than the Su-27M's AL-31F.[34] It has a service life of 4,000 hours, compared to the AL-31F's 1,500; the two engines feature thrust-vectoring capability.[40][50] Each thrust vectoring (TVC) nozzle has its rotational axis canted at an angle, similar to the configuration on the Su-30MKI. The thrust vectoring nozzles operate in one plane for pitch, but the canting allows the aircraft to produce both roll and yaw by vectoring each engine nozzle differently. A similar thrust vectoring system is also implemented on the PAK FA.[51]
The engine may give the Su-35 limited supercruise capability, or sustained supersonic speed without the use of afterburners.[52] Radar-absorbent material is applied to the engine inlets and the front stages of the engine compressor to halve the Su-35's frontal radar cross-section (RCS); the canopy was also modified to deflect radar waves.[53]
Production and flight testing[edit]
Design work on the Su-35 had been completed by 2007, paving the way for KnAAPO to construct the first prototype in the summer of 2007. Upon completion, Su-35-1 was ferried to the Gromov Flight Research Institute in Zhukovsky Airfield before being placed on static display at that year's MAKS air show.[54][55] At the time, Sukhoi General Designer Mikhail Pogosyan commented that the aircraft was in great demand abroad, saying Russia was negotiating with several prospective customers and that there were plans to export the aircraft starting in 2010.[56][57]
Preparations began for the aircraft's maiden flight immediately following the air show. Particular efforts were made to debug the flight-control system and test the engine. By mid-February 2008, Su-35-1 had been rolled out to conduct taxiing tests. On 19 February, Sukhoi test pilot Sergey Bogdan took the aircraft aloft for its first flight from Zhukovsky, accompanied by an Su-30MK2 acting as a chase plane.[54][58] During the 55-minute flight, the Su-35 reached a height of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft), and tests were carried out on its stability, controllability and engines. The prototype was put on static display for President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev the following day.[54]
Approximately 40 flights were conducted before the second prototype took to the air on 2 October from KnAAPO's Dzemgi Airport, again piloted by Sergey Bogdan.[59][60] The Su-35 had earlier in July made its first demonstration flight in front of Defence Ministry and foreign officials. At the time, Sukhoi estimated that a total of 160 Su-35s would be supplied to customers worldwide, in particular those in Latin America, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.[61][62] Domestically, the VVS Commander-in-Chief Colonel General Alexander Zelin stated that the service was seeking enough aircraft, estimated to be 24–36 units, to equip "at least two to three regiments".[63]
On 26 April 2009, the fourth Su-35 prototype was destroyed at Dzemgi Airport during a taxi run. The aircraft crashed into a barrier at the end of the runway, burned, and was written off. The pilot, Yevgeny Frolov, ejected and was taken to hospital with burns and other injuries.[64][65] The aircraft was expected to be the third flying prototype, with its first flight scheduled on 24 April, which was rescheduled for 27 April.[64] A commission was opened to investigate the crash, but several sources initially speculated that the incident had been the result of a brake failure or a faulty fuel pump.[66][67][68]
During the 2009 MAKS air show, the Russian Defence Ministry signed a US$2.5 billion contract for 64 fighters, which consisted of a 48-aircraft launch order for the Su-35S ("Serial"). The Russian government promised to provide Sukhoi an additional US$100 million in capital, with additional financial assistance from Sberbank and Vnesheconombank, the latter of which was contracted to provide US$109 million to start the production programme.[7][69][70] The Su-35S's estimated price was $40 million each, and the 64-aircraft contract was the largest aircraft order after the collapse of the Soviet Union.[5] All are expected to be delivered by 2015.[71]
In November 2009, KnAAPO started manufacturing the first serial aircraft; Sukhoi estimated that 24 to 30 aircraft would be produced each year from 2010 to 2020.[72][73] On 11 October 2010, the first production Su-35S had completed general assembly;[74] at this point the preliminary flight test programme had logged 350 flight hours across 270 flights using the two remaining flying prototypes. Sukhoi confirmed that the aircraft had fully met all specifications and parameters, including maximum speed, height, radar detection range and manoeuvrability.[75][76] The first Su-35S took its maiden flight in May 2011.[77]
Following preliminary tests, the Defence Ministry was expected to initiate state joint tests involving six Su-35s to further scrutinize systems such as weapons.[78][79] In early 2012, two aircraft were reportedly planned for delivery in 2011, eight in 2012, twelve in 2013 and 2014, and fourteen in 2015.[80] In February 2014, the Russian Air Force received 12 Su-35S aircraft.[81][82] By 2014, 34 of the 48 aircraft originally ordered had been delivered with the remaining 14 due in 2015.[83]
In March 2015, it was reported that Russia and India signed an agreement to jointly develop a fifth-generation upgrade to the Su-35. A Russian industry source stated that the upgraded Su-35S will cost about US$85 million each.[84]
A contract for another 50 Su-35s was signed in August 2015, but parent company United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) stated in January 2016 that delays in finalizing the order was due to a lack of clarity in Russia's 2016 federal budget, which was only signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in mid-December 2015. The fighters will be delivered at a rate of 10 aircraft per year starting in 2016.[85]
Operational history[edit]
Three production Su-27Ms were completed and delivered to VVS in 1996 for testing.[25] They were operated by 929th State Flight Test Center (abbreviated as GLITS in Russian) at Vladimirovka Air Base, Akhtubinsk, performing weapons trials. During one such flights, a weapon pylon, to which a bomb and rocket were attached, fell into a village in Ryazan; nobody was hurt.[86][87] In 2001, the Air Force decided that the aerobatics team Russian Knights would receive several Su-27Ms, presumably from GLITS and Sukhoi. After pilots from the team undertook conversion course at Vladimirovka AB, the first of five aircraft was delivered to the team in July 2003. It was expected that the Su-27Ms would enhance the flying repertoire of their new owners, but due to various reasons, they were used as a source of spare parts for other aircraft in the demonstration fleet.[87]
In late May 2011, Sukhoi flew the first Su-35S to the Defence Ministry's 929th State Flight Test Centre at Akhtubinsk prior to states joint tests conducted to prepare the aircraft for operational service with the VVS.[88][89] Official trials commenced in mid-August with the two Su-35 prototypes, before being joined by production aircraft. As of March 2012, four Su-35S units were involved in such tests, operating alongside the two flying prototypes.[88][90] These Su-35s had by April and August 2012, completed 500 and 650 test flights, respectively.[90][91]
On 28 December 2012, Sukhoi delivered a batch of six serial production Su-35S fighters to the VVS. Defence Ministry officials accepted the aircraft at KnAAPO's manufacturing plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia.[92] Five of the six Su-35S delivered in December went to the Gromov Flight Research Institute, where in February 2013 an eighteen-month programme began to test the Su-35's ability to conduct highly maneuverable short-range combat. The programme consists of three components, which are dogfights; the use of weapons and the ability to evade enemy fire; and the ability to destroy helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles.[93] State-acceptance trials would conclude in 2015, by which time a second 48-aircraft order is expected to have been signed with the VVS.[94] Another 12 Su-35S fighters were delivered in 2013.[95][96]
In December 2012, Russian officials commented that the Swifts and Russian Knights aerobatics teams would receive new aircraft to replace the Mikoyan MiG-29 and Su-27, respectively. The Swifts was expected to receive the Su-30SM and the Russian Knights receive the Su-35. Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin commented the upgrade was to "show to the world not only the inimitable skill of our pilots, but also the talent of our aircraft designers..."[97][98] Russian Air Force received another 12 Su-35S fighters on 12 February 2014 to be deployed with an air regiment based in Russia's Far East.[82][83]
In January 2016, Russia, for the first time in combat conditions, deployed four Su-35S planes to its Khmeimim base; on 1 February the Russian defence ministry said the aircraft had begun to participate in the Russian air operations in Syria.[99]
Since the early 1990s, an extensive sales arrangement of the Su-35 to China has been discussed. Sukhoi officials, in 1995, announced their proposal to co-produce the Su-35 with China, contingent on Beijing's agreement to purchase 120 aircraft.[100] However, it was alleged that the Russian Foreign Ministry blocked the sale of the Su-35 and Tupolev Tu-22M bombers over concerns about the arrangements for Chinese production of the Su-27.[101]
In 2006, China was showing interest in the modernized Su-35, and was negotiating with Moscow for a purchase of the fighter.[102][103] At the 2007 MAKS air show, a number of Chinese delegates were seen taking photos and videos of the Su-35 prototypes.[104] In November 2010, Russia, through Rosoboronexport, was ready to resume talks with China on the sale of the Su-35. China reciprocated in 2011 by presenting a proposal on the purchase of the fighter.[105][106]
In March 2012, the Russian media reported that the two countries were in final contract negotiations for 48 Su-35s; the remaining obstacle is reportedly Moscow's demand that Beijing guarantee proper licensing for its Su-35 production.[107][108] China denied this deal because it did not want the Su-35, but only shown slight interest in its 117S engine; at the 2012 Zhuhai Air Show Russia approached China with its 117S engine in a failed attempt to sell Su-35.[109]
In late 2012, it was reported that China wanted to purchase only 24 units, which was less than what Russia deemed to be worthwhile, thus stalling negotiations.[110] By late 2012, the negotiations resumed, this time involving 24 aircraft.[111] During the next three years, negotiations would prove to be protracted, with several false reports claiming that a deal had been reached between the two countries; for example, in March 2013, it was reported that both sides had signed an initial agreement for 24 Su-35s and four submarines prior to Chinese President Xi Jinping's visit to Russia.[112][113][114] Negotiations concluded in November 2015, when a contract for 24 fighters worth $2 billion, was signed. The first aircraft will be delivered to China in 2016.[115][116][117] One motive for China's purchase of the Su-35 is its thrust-vectoring 117S engine; while China has recently developed modern fighters, its engines still lag behind Russia and the West despite heavy investments by China in domestic engine programs during recent years to catch up.[116][118] The desire to obtain advanced jet engines through the acquisition of the Su-35 is evidenced by the aircraft's marginally better performance in maneuverability, range, and payload compared to domestic fighters like the J-11D while having a less sophisticated PESA radar.[119] According to Russian National Defense magazine, China will not order additional Su-35s but will instead focus on its domestic fighter programs especially its fifth generation fighters.[120]
Also in September 2015, Indonesia's Ministry of Defence selected the Su-35 to replace the Indonesian Air Force's aging F-5E Tiger II fleet.[121][122] The Su-35 competed with several western fighters including Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale, F-16V Viper, and Saab JAS 39 Gripen. As of November 2016, Indonesia were in negotiations with Russia for the purchase of nine or ten aircraft.[123] No contract had been signed by March 2017, although Rostec's Director of International Cooperation and Regional Policy, Viktor Kladov stated that "... the contract for Su-35 ... will be signed in the upcoming months".[124]
On 6 June 2017, Russia and Indonesia announced the contract for an unknown number of Su-35 aircraft was finalized and that it was to be signed later that year.[125][126][127][128] On 12 June 2017, Defense Minister confirmed that Indonesia will buy 10 Su-35s, and Russia's Sukhoi will open a factory for spare parts as with the contract.[129]
Potential operators[edit]
In May 2006, it was reported that Venezuela planned to purchase dozens of Su-30 and Su-35 fighters, and as many as 100 T-90 tanks. There were unconfirmed reports in October 2008 that the Venezuela government had ordered 24 Su-35s for the Venezuelan Air Force.[130][131] In July 2012, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez repeated his interest in acquiring the Su-35 fighters.[132]
In January 2015, North Korea has expressed interest in the fighter. But due to the international sanctions imposed on North Korea the delivery of fighters is unlikely in the near future.[133]
Vietnam and Algeria are also interested in this aircraft. In February 2015, a Su-35 was tested at Tamanrasset Airport in Algeria. According to Kommersant, the Algerian military were satisfied with the fighter's flight characteristics and now Moscow is waiting for a formal application. It is expected that the first phase will focus on the acquisition of at least 12 aircraft.[134][135] Egypt and Pakistan had also expressed interest in ordering the Su-35.[136][137] A Russian official stated the nation was not in talks with Pakistan about the Su-35.[138]
In February 2017, the United Arab Emirates has agreed to purchase a batch of advanced Sukhoi Su-35 fighters from Russia, according to Sergei Chemezov, Chief of Rostec. No other details given about how many Su-35s the UAE has ordered or when the aircraft would be delivered. The UAE also recently signed an agreement to co-develop a new fifth-generation fighter with Russia.[139]
Failed bids[edit]
In 2001, Brazil under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso announced the F-X tender to procure a replacement for its aging aircraft including the Dassault Mirage IIID/E and Northrop F-5. Sukhoi partnered with Avibras to submit the Su-27M for the US$700 million tender that would see at least twelve aircraft delivered to the Brazilian Air Force. Other contenders were the Mirage 2000, F-16, MiG-29, and JAS Gripen.[140][141] Any contract would have been accompanied by an offset agreement that would see the winning bidder provide input to Brazil's aviation industry. Had the Su-35 won, Russia would have purchased 50 Embraer airliners for use by Aeroflot.[140][142] The Su-35 and Mirage 2000 were the front-runners to the program, but the former was favoured for its superior flight characteristics. According to the Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, the Su-35 would have been the first heavy supersonic fighter to be delivered to Latin America.[140][143][144] The tender was suspended for much of 2003 as the newly elected President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva focused more on social welfare.[145] The tender was again suspended in 2005, pending the availability of new fighters.[146]
In 2007, Russia submitted the modernized Su-35 for Brazil's relaunched F-X2 competition. The tender this time attracted the participation of the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Lockheed Martin F-16BR, Saab JAS Gripen NG, Dassault Rafale, and Eurofighter Typhoon. Brazil was looking to purchase at least 36, and up to 120, aircraft to replace Northrop F-5BRs, Alenia/Embraer A-1Ms, and Dassault Mirage IIIs.[147][148] In October 2008, the Brazilian Air Force selected the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, and Saab Gripen NG as the three finalists.[149] In October 2009, Rosoboronexport declared that Russia would provide 120 Su-35s and full technology transfer to Brazil.[150] The Su-35 was expected re-enter the tender after Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff postponed the programme in January 2011 due to fiscal concerns.[147][151][152] In December 2013, the Brazilian government selected the Gripen NG for procurement.[153]
At the 1996 Seoul Air Show, Russia submitted the Su-35 (Su-27M) and Su-37 for South Korea's F-X procurement programme, a 40-aircraft requirement to replace the Republic of Korea Air Force's F-4D/Es, RF-4Cs, and F-5E/Fs. The Su-35 competed against the Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, and F-15K Slam Eagle.[154] The proposed Su-35 featured a phased grid radar and AL-31FP vectoring-thrust engines; final assembly would have taken place in South Korea, the offer included a full technology transfer. The US$5 billion contract may have been partially financed through a debt-reduction deal on money Russia owed to South Korea.[155][156] The Su-35 was reportedly the cheapest aircraft to purchase and maintain, however it was eliminated early in the bidding process, along with the Typhoon. The F-15K, viewed as the competition's front-runner due to South Korea's ties with the United States, was chosen in 2002. Reports have claimed that, had South Korea not chosen the F-15K, the United States would have refused to integrate American weapons on the selected aircraft.[154][157][158]
In 2002, Sukhoi offered Su-30 family aircraft to Australia, including the Su-35.[159][160] However Australia opted for the F-35 to replace the F-111 and F/A-18. Russia has offered the Su-35 to India, Malaysia, Algeria and Greece;[161][162] no firm contracts have materialised, with the first three countries having been occupied with other fighter projects and unlikely to procure the modernized Su-35.[75] In 2010, Libya was expected to sign a contract for twelve Su-35s as part of a bigger military transaction that would have included S-300PMU-2 surface-to-air missiles, Kilo-class submarines, and T-90 tanks.[163] The civil war in Libya and the resulting military intervention caused Rosoboronexport to miss out on US$4 billion in arranged contracts as they were never signed.[164][165]
- Su-27M/Su-35
- Single-seat fighter.
- Su-35UB
- Two-seat trainer. Features taller vertical stabilizers and a forward fuselage similar to the Su-30.
- Su-35BM
- Single-seat fighter with upgraded avionics and various modifications to the airframe. Su-35BM is informal name.[69][71]
- Su-37
- Thrust-vectoring demonstrator.
- Su-35S
- Designation of production Su-35BM version for the Russian Air Force.[69][71]
- China
- People's Liberation Army Air Force — 24 Su-35S fighters ordered in 2015.[166] The first four aircraft were delivered on the 25 December 2016.[167][168]
- Russia
- Russian Air Force — 58 Su-35S fighters in inventory as of December 2016.[3][169] 50 ordered in January 2016.[8]
- Dzemgi Airport – 23
- Centralnaya Uglovaya – 11
- Besovets – 10[3]
- Lipetsk Air Base – 7
- Akhtubinsk – 7
Specifications (Su-35S)[edit]
Data from KnAAPO,[170][171] Su-27 books,[16][172] Jane's AWA[173]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 21.9 m (72.9 ft)
- Wingspan: 15.3 m (50.2 ft, with wingtip pods)
- Height: 5.90 m (19.4 ft)
- Wing area: 62.0 m² (667 ft²)
- Empty weight: 18,400 kg (40,570 lb)
- Loaded weight: 25,300 kg (56,660 lb) at 50% internal fuel
- Max. takeoff weight: 34,500 kg (76,060 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 11,500 kg (25,400 lb) internally
- Powerplant: 2 × Saturn 117S (AL-41F1S) afterburning turbofan with 3D thrust vectoring nozzle
- Dry thrust: 8,800 kgf (86.3 kN, 19,400 lbf) each
- Thrust with afterburner: 14,500 kgf (142 kN, 31,900 lbf) each
- Maximum speed:
- At altitude: Mach 2.25 (2,400 km/h, 1,490 mph)
- At sea level: Mach 1.15 (1,400 km/h, 870 mph)
- Range:
- At altitude: 3,600 km (1,940 nmi)
- At sea level: 1,580 km (850 nmi)
- Ferry range: 4,500 km (2,430 nmi) with 2 external fuel tanks
- Service ceiling: 18,000 m (59,100 ft)
- Rate of climb: >280 m/s (>55,000 ft/min)
- Wing loading: 408 kg/m² (500.8 kg/m² with full internal fuel) (84.9 lb/ft² 50% fuel)
- Thrust/weight: 1.13 at 50% fuel (0.92 with full internal fuel)
- Maximum g-load: +9 g
- Guns: 1× 30 mm GSh-301 internal cannon with 150 rounds
- Hardpoints: 12 hardpoints, consisting of 2 wingtip rails, and 10 wing and fuselage stations with a capacity of 8,000 kg (17,630 lb) of ordnance and provisions to carry combinations of:
- Rockets:
- Missiles:
- Vympel R-73E/M, and R-74M
- Vympel R-27R/ER/T/ET
- Vympel R-77 – the proposed R-77M, R-77T, K-77M
- Vympel R-37M[174]
- Kh-29T/L
- Kh-31P/A
- Kh-59ME
- Bombs:
- Other:
- buddy refueling pod
- Rockets:
- Irbis-E passive phased array radar
- OLS-35 infra-red search and track system
- L265 Khibiny-M electronic warfare pod
See also[edit]
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
- ^ The NATO reporting name only applies to the first Su-35 (Su-27M), as that of the modernized variant is unknown.
- ^ "T-10" is the in-house designation of the Su-27 family. Derivatives of the type such as the Su-27K and Su-27M have the designations of "T-10K" and "T10-M"; as the modernized Su-35 has a project designation of "T-10BM", it would most likely to have been labelled as the "Su-27BM".[33] However, the media has given it the designation "Su-35BM" to distinguish it from the Su-27M/Su-35, even though neither Sukhoi nor KnAAPO have ever referred to it as such.
- ^ Other sources claim the MTOW is 38.5 tonnes and the empty weight is 16.5 tonnes.[34][36]
- ^ "Первые Су-35С поставлены ВВС России". Take off (in Russian). RU. 12 February 2014.
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- ^ Xuxin (6 June 2017). "Russian company says it will deliver Su-35 fighter jets to Indonesia". Xinhua Net. Moscow. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ "Russia, Indonesia Finalize Contract on Su-35 Fighter Deliveries". Sputnik. Moscow. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ Khan, Bilal (7 June 2017). "Indonesia and Russia agree to Su-35 deal". Quwa Defence News & Analysis Group. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (8 June 2017). "Indonesia, Russia Have Finalized Contract for Delivery of Su-35 Fighter Jets". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/bisnis/2017/06/13/kemenhan-pastikan-indonesia-beli-10-unit-sukhoi-su-35-dari-rusia
- ^ Sweeney, Jack (15 October 2008). "Venezuela buys Russian aircraft, tanks to boost power". United Press International. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Abdullaev, Nabi (23 May 2006). "Venezuela Arms Sales Won't Hurt U.S. Ties". The Moscow Times.
- ^ "Venezuela's Chavez Eyes Russian Su-35 Fighters". RIA Novosti. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ "North Korea asked Russia for Su-35 fighter jet supplies - reports". TASS. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://itweb.co.za/mobilesite/defenceweb/home/item_id-43349/
- ^ Litovkin, Nikolai; Egorova, Kira (27 June 2016). "Russian aircraft sales boosted by Syrian campaign". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan, Russia Negotiating Deal on Russian Su-35, Su-37 Jets". Sputnik News. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ Sputnik (2016-10-20). "Russia not holding talks with Pakistan on supply of Su-35 jets". Russia & India Report. Retrieved 2017-03-13.
- ^ "РФ и ОАЭ подписали соглашение о намерении закупки истребителей Су-35" (in Russian). ТАSS. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Lantratov, Constantine (31 March 2004). ""Сухой" против EmBrAer". Kommersant (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "Brazil declines to sign $750 million deal to buy Su-35 fighters from Russia". Pravda. 23 November 2004. Archived from the original on 5 September 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ Минобороны обменяет 12 Су-35 на 50 бразильских авиалайнеров. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 18 October 2004. Archived from the original on 20 October 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ "Бразилия признала Су-35 лучше "Миражей" и F-16". Lenta.ru (in Russian). 11 June 2002. Archived from the original on 19 June 2002. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ "Brazil Offers Hope to Russian Arms Producers". RIA Novosti. 28 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 May 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ Rivers, Brendan P. (1 November 2003). "Brazil relaunches fighter tender". Journal of Electronic Defense. Horizon House Publications – via HighBeam Research (subscription required). ISSN 0192-429X. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ Lantratov, Constantine (28 February 2005). Бразилии не нужны новые истребители. Kommersant (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ^ a b Истребитель Су-35 вернется в тендер ВВС Бразилии. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
- ^ Истребитель Су-35 примет участие в тендере в Бразилии. Kommersant (in Russian). 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ^ Trimble, Stephen (6 October 2008). "Brazil names three finalists for F-X2 contract, rejects three others". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "Entrevista com Anatoly Isaikin Diretor General da EEFU Rosoboronexport sobre o Programa F-X2". DefesaNet (in Portuguese). 6 October 2009. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ Cruz, Valdo (20 January 2011). "Dilma deixa compra de caças da FAB para 2012". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ Су-35 предрекли возвращение в бразильский тендер. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- ^ Mehta, Aaron (18 December 2013). "Brazil Picks Sweden's Gripen Fighter Jet". Defense News. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ a b Sherman, Kenneth B. (1 September 2001). "US to ROK: "Buy American"". Journal of Electronic Defense. Horizon House Publications – via HighBeam Research (subscription required). ISSN 0192-429X. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ Joo and Kwak 2001, p. 205.
- ^ Gethin 1998, p. 32.
- ^ Lee, Soo-Jeong (19 April 2002). "South Korea selects Boeing's F-15K for air force". Associated Press – via HighBeam Research (subscription required). Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ Govindasamy, Siva (22 October 2007). "South Korean F-15K deal may close by end 2007". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Butowski 2008, p. 47.
- ^ Williams 2002, p. 137.
- ^ "Russia may export new Su-35 fighters to India, Malaysia, Algeria". RIA Novosti. 15 July 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Σαράντα οκτώ Su-35 παραδίδονται το 2015 – Υποψήφιο στην αξιολόγηση της Π.Α – Video: Su-35 Vs EF-2000". Defencenet.gr (in Greek). 20 September 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
- ^ Общая стоимость планируемых к подписанию с Ливией контрактов на поставку российских вооружений может составить от 2,3 до 3 млрд дол – "Джейнс" (in Russian). ARMS-TASS. 21 April 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ "Russia big loser in Arab arms market slump". United Press International. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ "UN sanctions on Libya to cost Russia US$4 billion". Russia Today. 27 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (20 November 2015). "Confirmed: China Buys 24 Advanced Fighter Jets From Russia". The Diplomat.
- ^ http://news.sina.com.cn/c/nd/2016-12-14/doc-ifxytqav9221352.shtml
- ^ Yeo, Mike (9 January 2017). "China Receives First Advanced Su-35 Flankers From Russia". Defense News. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
- ^ "ВКС России получили первые четыре Су-35 по новому контракту". Lenta.ru (in Russian). 12 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
- ^ "Su-35". KnAAPO. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
- ^ "Su-35: Multifunctional Super-Maneuverable Fighter". KnAAPO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ Gordon & Davison 2006, pp. 92, 97.
- ^ "Sukhoi Su-35", Jane's All the World's Aircraft. Jane's Information Group. 6 February 2013.
- ^ MAKS 2013: Vympel looks to integrate RVV-BD on several aircraft types
- Barrie, Douglas (7–13 June 1995). "Sukhoi reveals latest thrust-vectoring Su-35 revealed". Flight International. London, UK: Reed Business Information. 147 (4475): 6. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- Butowski, Piotr (April–May 2008). "Russia Revitalized". Combat Aircraft Monthly. Cornwall, UK: Ian Allan Publishing. 9 (2). ISSN 2041-7489.
- Eden, Paul, ed. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London, UK: Amber Books. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
- Fomin, Andrey (June 2007). "Su-35, A Step from Fifth Generation" (PDF). Take-Off. Praha, Czech Republic: Aeromedia Publishing: 46–53. ASIN B000AMXXYI. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ——— (May 2008). "Su-35 Has Flown!" (PDF). Take-Off. Praha, Czech Republic: Aeromedia Publishing: 24–29. ASIN B000AMXXYI. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- ——— (July 2012). "Su-35S in trials" (PDF). Take-Off. Praha, Czech Republic: Aeromedia Publishing: 16–17. ASIN B000AMXXYI. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- Frawley, Gerald (2002). "Sukhoi Su-35 & Su-37". The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications. ISBN 1-875671-55-2.
- Gethin, Howard (9–15 September 1998). "Sukhoi flies latest Su-37 demonstrator". Flight International. London, UK: Reed Business Information. 154 (4642): 32. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- Gill, Bates; Kim, Taeho (1995). China's Arms Acquisitions from Abroad: A Quest for 'Superb and Secret Weapons'. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829196-1.
- Gordon, Yefim (1999). Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker: Air Superiority Fighter. London, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-029-7.
- Davison, Peter (2006). Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker. Warbird Tech. 42. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-091-1.
- ——— (2007). Sukhoi Su-27. Famous Russian Aircraft. Hinckley, UK: Midlands Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-247-0.
- Hewson, Robert (April–May 2008). "Joint Strife Fighter?". Combat Aircraft Monthly. Cornwall, UK: Ian Allan Publishing. 9 (2). ISSN 2041-7489.
- Joo, Seung-Ho; Kwak, Tae-Hwan Kwak (2001). Korea in the 21st Century. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56072-990-7.
- Мakienko, Кonstantin (July 2008). "Су-35: спасатель русской авиации". Профиль (Profil) (in Russian): 18–22.
- Mattis, Peter (15 March 2012). "Beijing Denies Russian Rumors of Su-35 Purchase; Evaluating China's Intelligence Penetration of Taiwan" (PDF). China Brief. Washington D.C.: Jamestown Foundation. 12 (6): 1–2. OCLC 472168732. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- Williams, Mel, ed. (2002). "Sukhoi 'Super Flankers'". Superfighters: The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. ISBN 1-880588-53-6.
- Wilson, Stewart (2000). Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
- Wood, John (2009). Russia, the Asymmetric Threat to the United States: A Potent Mixture of Energy and Missiles. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Security International. ISBN 978-0-313-35941-5.
- Zhao, Suisheng (2004). Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1284-7.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su-35.
- Official Sukhoi Su-35 webpages at Sukhoi and KnAAPO
- Sukhoi Su-35 Multifunctional fighter aircraft at AirRecognition.com
- Su-27M and Su-35BM webpages at GlobalSecurity.org
- Stealth design Su-35 at Fighter-planes.com


text:
More and more boats are disappearing from Pool 4 and heading north to the ramp.
We've got reports from up there that there's a steady stream of boats showing up. Davy Hite left a while ago and nearly got hung up on his way out, but made it out okay.
We're going to check around in the popular areas for stragglers then put it on the trailer.


text:
After a few months my Epson WP-4525 started to leaking yellow ink, big drops. Seems a wide spread issue and is not likely to be solved by just replacing the part.
The same fault as the comment below mine. After about 9 months of infrequent use it leaks yellow ink everywhere. From looking online this is a common design flaw in Epsons. Do not buy this printer.
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Solution Manual for Introduction to Data Mining Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar
Introduction to Data Mining presents fundamental concepts and algorithms for those learning data mining for the first time. Each concept is explored thoroughly and supported with numerous examples. The text requires only a modest background in mathematics.
Each major topic is organized into two chapters, beginning with basic concepts that provide necessary background for understanding each data mining technique, followed by more advanced concepts and algorithms.


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|Originally posted by amyrpk
Just a coincidence?
December 25th is Christmas.
Kislev 25th is the first night of Chanuka.
- Amy
|Originally posted by HipMomma3913
The Early Chuch moved the celebration of Jesus birth to the Winter to compete with the Mystery Traditions of Osiris, Dionysus, Attis, and Mithras (all divine Son/Gods born to virgins, BTW) and make it easier to compete with Pagan faiths and convert people.
For more info, read "The Jesus Mysteries" by Tim Freke
|Originally posted by applejuice
Purim, a celebration similar to Fat Tuesday, is a month (lunar cycle) before Passover, and is followed by a period of cleansing the home environs and then fasting immediately before Passover.
All of these seasonal celebrations have roots in the pagan traditions that existed before.
|... by kama'aina mama
... was the refusal to use the Jewish calender to designate Easter a mark of anti-Semitism at the time (and hey, have some Easter ham!) or was it simply matter of wanting to always celebrate Easter on a Sunday? ...
|Originally posted by Meiri
BB, I'm nowhere near annoyed, but respectfully, there is More than just Christmas going on even if you leave out Chanukah, the occasional Eid, or Diwali(which I think actually comes in November?).
For our family Christmas is a secular American-cultural celebration of Giving. For me the sacredness occurs on the Solstice when the Sun "returns" and the days start slowly getting longer even as the cold season settles in in earnest and deepens. That is NOT Christmas. That does occur at this time of year.
|Originally posted by kama'aina mama
Christianity is clearly rooted in Judiasm many of our specific holy days are very easy to trace to Pagan roots, at least calender-wise. So I found myself curious. Is that because of the strong attempts to court the Pagan populations when these dates were being codified or is it a rejection of the Jews.
|Jesus and the Lost Goddess is great- The Jesus Mysteries is the authors other book, have you read it?
|But I am b/c no one here ever seemed to take me up on my rec of those books, but as soon as YOU did, goosefeather said she would go get them.
|Originally posted by KeysMama
The Ramadan celebration period According to the Holy Quran:
is a time one may eat and drink at any time during the night "until you can plainly distinguish a white thread from a black thread by the daylight: then keep the fast until night"
---again the universal celebration of light and dark
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text:
Watchdog.org Hypes 3 Obamacare Myths To Distort Media Coverage
Research ››› ››› DANIEL ANGSTER
Right-wing media misinformer Watchdog.org is pushing fabricated myths about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into the media discussion, stoking fears the program will lead to higher premium costs and create incentives for people to avoid marriage. In reality, tax credits have kept premiums affordable for young people and have not created fiscal deterrents to marriage.
Myth #1: Premium Costs Will Rise Across The Country
Watchdog.org: "Obamacare Will Cause Costs To Decline In Only Five States." Using a study by the conservative Heritage Foundation which found that premium costs in the exchanges will rise for most Americans under the ACA, Watchdog.org claimed that only five states will see a decline in costs:
For a law that was literally and figurative sold to the American people as promising "affordable" health insurance, the Affordable Care Act doesn't seem to be keeping up its end of the promise.
Though the department has avoided providing cost comparisons, the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, did their best to crunch the numbers based on the current costs of insurance through nongroup plans (the closest equivalent to the Obamacare exchanges that existed before Oct. 1) in each state and the average costs for insurance through the exchanges.
According to their data, Obamacare will cause costs to decline in only five states. [Watchdog.org 10/22/13]
Reality: Heritage Foundation Study Fails To Take Into Account Cost-Saving Subsidies
Huffington Post: "The Heritage Analysis Is Deceptive Because It Does Not Factor In Substantial Premium Subsidies." According to an op-ed by Ethan Rome, executive director of Health Care for America Now, on the Huffington Post, the Heritage Foundation study is flawed because it does not factor in tax credits that many exchange customers will access to make coverage more affordable:
The Heritage analysis is deceptive because it does not factor in the substantial premium subsidies most consumers will receive to help them pay for their insurance. Heritage simply pretends these subsidies, in the form of tax credits, do not exist. Leaving out the most important factor in this equation is precisely how the "Heritage Health Insurance Microsimulation Model " reached a conclusion that supports the political agenda of Republican extremists who can think of no domestic policy other than attacking the ACA.
Unlike Heritage, consumers won't pretend the tax credits don't exist. The premium subsidies are a big reason ACA coverage will be affordable. For example, while the premium for a particular plan may be $241 a month, the cost to the consumer after applying the tax credit may be only $143 a month. That's a huge difference. [Huffington Post, 10/21/13]
Tax Credits Will Help A Majority Of Uninsured Exchange Shoppers And Should Be Included In Cost Calculations. According to Talking Points Memo, tax credits should be included in premium cost calculations because they will be provided to a majority of those shopping for insurance on the exchanges:
Under Obamacare, the sticker price for insurance isn't what most people are going to actually pay. The law offers tax credits, on a sliding scale, for people making between 100 and 400 percent of the federal poverty level. According to estimates from the Kaiser Family Foundation, more than half of uninsured Americans have an income within that range.
Another 38 percent fall below the poverty line. They are supposed to be eligible for Medicaid under the law, and millions in poverty will be covered that way. However, more than 20 Republican states -- with an assist from the U.S. Supreme Court -- have refused to expand Medicaid coverage to them. So people in those states are admittedly out of luck, but that wasn't the ACA's intention.
That leaves only 10 percent of uninsured Americans who make above 400 percent of the poverty level and, as the law was conceived, would be paying the premiums that Heritage highlights in its analysis. [Talking Points Memo, 10/21/13]
Myth #2: Young People Will Not Sign Up Because Of Costs, Would Rather Go Without Coverage
Watchdog.org: "Some Pretty Good Evidence That Young People Wouldn't Be Flocking To The Exchanges" Even If They Worked. Watchdog.org claimed there were indications that young people would not sign up for the ACA on the exchanges due to rising costs:
But there already is some pretty good evidence that young people wouldn't be flocking to the exchanges even if they were in good working order. And that's a big deal, because the arithmetic behind Obamacare requires that lots of young, relatively healthy people buy insurance and effectively subsidize the cost of the older, less healthy, more expensive people in the system.
As Cathy Reisenwitz wrote last week, this is why the whole scheme shouldn't be called insurance at all - because it's really cost-pooling.
And why are lots of young people not showing up for Obamacare? Refer back to the first point. While all adults will see higher premiums in most states, the increases are generally sharper for young people. [Watchdog.org 10/22/13]
Reality: Young People Want Insurance And Largely Qualify For Tax Credits That Will Make Coverage Affordable
CNN Money: "Only 5% Of [Millennials] Claim They Do Not Want Or Need Health Insurance." According to an October 21 CNN Money op-ed piece by Matthew Segal, president of OurTime.org, a group dedicated to enhancing the voice of young Americans, polls have found that only 5 percent of young people say they do not want or need health insurance:
There are currently 17 million uninsured Millennials now eligible to get health insurance through the Affordable Care Act. Only 5% of them claim they do not want or need health insurance, according to some polls.
In other words, despite what the opt-out crusaders might lead you to believe, young people aren't so foolish to think they will never get sick, fall down, become pregnant, develop a food allergy, or face any other spur-of the moment illness, which can cost thousands of dollars. Let's not forget that more than 50% of all personal bankruptcies in the pre-Obamacare world were due to unforeseen medical expenses. [CNN Money, 10/21/13]
The Washington Post: "90 Percent Of Uninsured Young Adults Will Qualify For [ACA's] More Generous Subsidies." According to Washington Post's Wonkblog, 90 percent of uninsured young adults will qualify for tax credits:
To start, about 90 percent of uninsured young adults will qualify for the law's more generous subsidies. Census data shows there are about 11 million Americans between 20 and 29. Eight-seven percent of them have incomes below 400 percent of the federal poverty line, meaning they will qualify for some level of a tax subsidy or for the Medicaid program.
The bar on the far left represents the 4.83 million young adults who earn less than 138 percent of the federal poverty line and will become eligible for Medicaid. That entitlement program does not use the age rating provisions used in the private market, meaning that one-third of young adults won't interact with this part of Obamacare in any way.
The three bars in the middle show young adults who will become eligible for subsidies under the Affordable Care Act. Those subsidies will cap the young adults spending on health insurance as a percent of income. Let's take an individual who earns $22,240, which works out to 200 percent of the poverty line. That person would get enough tax subsidies so that, at most, he was spending $1,407 annually on health insurance (a $117 monthly premium). [The Washington Post, 2/11/13]
MSNBC: Choosing To Pay The Penalty Instead Of Purchasing Insurance Makes Little Financial Sense. An August 9 MSNBC piece on the benefits of younger, healthy Americans purchasing insurance explained that most young Americans will qualify for subsidies to make their insurance more affordable and that passing on a health care plan could leave them subject to "financial ruin" if they need serious medical care:
Obamacare also uses tax credits to discount most young people's coverage. Anyone with an income between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level ($11,490 to $45,960 in 2013)--which is to say the vast majority of healthy young adults--will benefit accordingly. In Los Angeles, a 25-year-old man earning $17,235 will pay $34 per month for silver-level coverage next year. That's 80% less than the same coverage would cost without the discount ($174 per month).
Suppose that young man heeds the FreedomWorks call to action. By passing on the health insurance and paying a penalty of $27 per month (the fixed rate for anyone making less than $32,500), he'll save himself a grand total of $7 per month--the price of a turkey sandwich.
He may really want the sandwich, but he should understand that it's not a free lunch. He's actually choosing between two purchases. He can pay $27 a month for... nothing. Or he can pay $34 for a health plan that provides ready access to primary care and could spare him financial ruin if he suffers a serious illness or injury. "It usually costs a little more to buy the plan than pay the penalty," says Jay Angoff, the Washington-based attorney who oversaw the initial rollout of Obamacare for the Department of Health and Human Services. "But if you look at what you're getting in return, there's no contest. For most people, paying an extra few bucks a month to get health insurance is the rational choice." [MSNBC, 8/9/13, emphasis added]
Myth #3: Structure Of ACA Subsidies Will Deter Marriage
Watchdog.org: Because Of The ACA, "People May Have A Pretty Good Incentive To Avoid Things Like Marriage And Job Promotions That Pay Them A Higher Salary." According to Watchdog.org, the way subsidies are structured under the ACA -- higher subsidies for individuals making less income -- will encourage people to avoid getting married and combining incomes:
Because of how the subsidies in the Affordable Care Act are structured, people may have a pretty good incentive to avoid things like marriage and job promotions that pay them a higher salary.
"The tax credits in Obamacare are structured in such a manner that a newly married couple may be surprised by a huge tax bill, due to the marriage penalty in the law," said Josh Archambault, a senior fellow with the foundation. "The couple will be making no additional money, but their marriage certificate paper can result in a multi-thousand dollar drop in their credit." [Watchdog.org 10/22/13]
Reality: Subsidies Are Targeted To Uninsured Individuals Because Married Couples Are More Likely To Have Coverage
Think Progress: ACA Will Not Deter Marriage Because Individuals Have Often Gained Coverage Through Marriage. According to Think Progress, providing subsidies for coverage to individuals makes sense because they are more likely to be uninsured, while married couples "benefit from economies of scale" and are more likely to have insurance:
The affordability credits are pegged to the federal poverty guidelines, which treat married people as a unit and view individuals as separate parties filing separate tax returns. These guidelines assume, as Judith Solomon points out, that "people benefit from economies of scale when they're living together" and recognizes that unmarried individuals have fewer resources (lower incomes, more money spent on basic necessities) than married families. In fact, since the majority of the uninsured are not married and marrying lowers uninsurance rates, providing more subsidies to individuals is a better way of targeting affordability credits to those who need them most. [Think Progress, 10/27/11]
Married People Are More Likely To Have Insurance Than Single People. According to 2009 Census data compiled by Think Progress, married individuals are more likely to have insurance when compared to single people.
[Think Progress, 1/15/10]
New Republic: Married People Receiving The Same Benefits As Single People Would Give Couples A Distinct Advantage. According to the New Republic, fixing the "marriage glitch" by making subsidies consistent across marital status would penalize single people compounding the economic advantages of cohabitation and ignores the reality that single people have more trouble affording health care:
The report highlights the fact that two single adults who live together without getting married can in many cases receive a higher subsidy than if they are married. But, as the [Joint Committee on Taxation] notes, this arises because the U.S. poverty line calculations assumes that two individuals living together can live more economically than separately residing adults. This assumption happens to be correct. As a result, any system which "fixed" this marriage penalty would have two fundamental flaws:
First, it would impose a "singles penalty". If married couples received subsidies which were twice those received by singles, then they would end up much better off than singles living alone, because of the economies of living together. In order to equalize the situation for the minority of singles who live with a partner, any fix would be massively unfair to the majority of singles who live without a partner.
Second, the committee ignores the fact that, to the extent that affordability problems remain under the ACA, it is singles who face the largest affordability problems. As I have shown in analysis for the Commonwealth Fund, while affordability is in general good for all groups under the ACA, it is worst for singles. So any fixes that reward married couples over singles would only serve to make that disparity worse. [New Republic, 10/30/11]
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text:
Mornings on Demand : 24/04/13
24/05/2013 , 9:41 AM by Kylie Baxter
TONY McCALL Political Analyst looks at last night's state budget.
TIM GREENAWAY Australian Medical Association, Tasmania on his view of the budget
LUKE MARTIN, CEO Tourism Industry Council Tasmania disappointed by the budget.
VINCE TASKUNAS, General Manager Communications and Advocacy at RACT on budget road spending.
HELEN GIBBONS, United Voices Union. A Tasmanian union is
fighting for money owed to about 50 workers who lost their job yesterday after
one of Australia's biggest cleaning companies,
Sydney based Swan Services went into voluntary administration.
MARK SCOTT Managing Director of the ABC in Hobart to meet with staff.
PROFESSOR RICHARD TEESE Centre for Research on Education Systems to discuss our education funding in the State budget and the potential impacts when combined with Gonski spending.
Friday Forum
PETER GUTWEIN Shadow Treasurer, REBECCA WHITE, ALP , Lyons TIM MORRIS, Greens Member for Lyons
NICK CRAWFORD , President of the Australian National Sportfishing Association. Fishing!
PETER NEWLINDS, Sporting Commentator, & JANE LONGHURST Sporting Commentator with sport.


text:
Answers Home
» Food & Nutrition
» Vitamin Supplements
What would be the best form of iron in a supplement to ask my vet for ?
I have reservations now about starting Epogen injections since from what I have read HCT should be below 20 and Ezmeralda's is at 26.7 as of a few days ago.
Iron supplements had been suggested a few months back from another vet in the same facility that I take her to but she said it was not crucial at that time.
I have researched and found that Ferrous fumarate and ferrous gluconate are more easily absorbed and have least risks of gastrointestional side effects.
I will be talking to the vet today.
Ezmeralda has been getting supplemental b complex, probiotic and unscented fish oil approved by her vet.
I do not give her dry food, nor does she get the prescription kidney diet because she will not eat it.
I maintained a crf cat for almost four years without the prescription diet, feeding her canned, no grain, low phosphorus, low sodium catfood and giving her Sub Q fluids.
Asked by
on Sep 15th 2010
in Vitamin Supplements
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My vet recommends the Twinlab 18mg Iron Caps for their kidney patients with anaemia. One caplet a day was what they told me to give Strangelove and it worked well for her. The dose is perfect for a cat and you can eiter give them the caplet or open it and mix it in with wet food.
Freckles (1993-2011) answered on 9/15/10. Helpful? / 1


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