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Participating in a service trip is a big commitment. We understand that you probably have a lot of questions! Here are some of the questions we are asked most often.
A service trip places groups of college students in communities to
engage in community service and experiential learning during their
summer, fall, winter, weekend or spring breaks. Students perform short
term projects for community agencies and learn about issues such as
literacy, poverty, racism, hunger, homelessness and the environment.
The objectives of a service trip program are to involve college
students in community-based service projects and to give students
opportunities to learn about the problems faced by members of
communities with whom they otherwise may have had little or no direct
contact. Being completely immersed into diverse environments enables
participants to experience, discuss, and understand social issues in a
significant way. The intensity of the experience increases the
likelihood that participants will transfer the lessons learned on-site
back to their own communities even after the trip ends.
What can I expect from a service trip?
You can expect to be put outside of your comfort zone, but that's a
good thing! You should know that a service trip is about much more than
just the trip itself - you'll learn a lot about a specific social or
environmental issue and what you can do to continue to make change in
your community even after the service trip is over. This is why the
pre-trip meetings and reflection during the trip are super important.
The service projects during a trip will vary. We do our best to line
up as many high-impact volunteer opportunities as possible. Sometimes
this is difficult with the size of our group and the limited amount of
time we have to help an agency while we're there. This is why there will
be some education and passive projects blended in with the hands-on
What's up with all these pre-trip meetings?
We always meet at least three times as a group before going on a trip. There are three major reasons for pre-trip meetings.
It is important for you to get to know, and especially trust,
the other participants before being put in unfamiliar places and
It is important to learn about the social/environmental issues before volunteering.
There are a lot of logistical things to take care of before leaving for the trip.
Why is there an application process? Why isn't it first come, first served?
A service trip is a huge commitment of time and energy. We ask
potential participants to fill out an application so that we can have
the most dedicated and diverse group possible. We also recognize that
it's not fair for the first people who can come up with the money to be
the people who get to participate. By accepting all applications before
the deadline, everyone has an equal opportunity.
Why is the cost of the trip so expensive/inexpensive?
The service trip program is subsidized by the Student Government
Association. The amount of subsidy money we have determines our budget
for the year. The money is spread across all participants and determines
the final cost to participants. For Intercity
Impact, Diversity and College Access subsidizes the majority of the
Is there anything I can do to lower the cost?
You are more then welcome, and in fact we encourage you to fundraise
for yourself. We can help you with samples of letters you can write to
appeal to friends and family.
If the whole group is interested in doing additional fundraisers, we
have ideas we can share with you and would love to
support the groups efforts in any way we can.
We want our trips to be inclusive of everyone regardless of finiances
so if you are interested in participating in a service trip but the
cost is preventing you from applying, please talk to us. We are in the
process of creating a service trip scholarship and may be able to help
you. More information about scholarships coming soon.
I have a friend/relative/etc. that lives in (insert service trip destination here). Can I go out to dinner with him/her/them?
A service trip is a group experience. We prefer if you stay with the
group for the entire duration; however, we also realize that it'll make
you very happy to see your friend/relative. So, if there is
recreational/sight seeing/unstructured time available in the itinerary,
it is permissible. However, if a group meal or activity is planned for
the evening, it is not permissible. It is also expected that you would
return by a mutually-agreed upon time and be present for all evening
group meetings.
Please talk to your trip leader before making plans with your friend/relative.
Can I stay overnight with said friend/relative?
No. The main reason for this is liability, although it is also based
on the idea that this is a group experience. Also, as a
university-sponsored trip, we are ultimately responsible for you and
need to have you back with the group overnight.
I heard there is a "no alcohol/drug" policy. What's up with that?
Issues of legality, liability, personal safety and group cohesion are
of concern when alcohol and other drugs are consumed on a service trip.
When alcohol is consumed, even by those of age, it takes away from the
focus of the trip which is service.
What happens if I don't follow the "no alcohol/drug" policy?
The trip leader will ask you to make arrangements to leave the trip
and go home at your own expense, as soon as possible after confronting
the situation. The incident will also be reported on campus to the
appropriate sanctioning body.
I have other questions.
Great! We'd love to answer your questions! Please contact the Service Trip Coordinator, Bitty O'Leary, by emailing email@example.com, calling 346-2260, or stopping by the Student Involvment and Employment Office.


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Ceramic Monkey A longtime friend of the family gave me a matching set of shiny ceramic monkeys seven months after I commented on her monkey curtains. I want to be as cool as this monkey someday.
Frozen Thin Mint Cookies The mother of all snacks! Putting Thin Mint Girl Scout Cookies in the freezer creates a crisp, refreshing and addicting treat. I swear there's gotta be some addictive ingredient in these that makes the average human reach for more.
Vintage Mickey Mask While digging through dusty antiques during a trip to visit the Johnny Cupcakes Los Angeles shop, I found this gem of all gems. This was an original Mickey Mouse head that was worn by umm… MICKEY! I believe it's from the late 1950's or early 1960's. Creepy? Yeah. Awesome? Heck yeah! I've definitely worn this while going out for groceries. I'll make my face sweat inside of an old mask any day if it's going to make strangers smile.

subset: commoncrawl


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Camp Equipment
Grand Trunk™ Collapsible Hanger$19.99Keep shirts neat with this cleverly designed, space-saving travel hanger. Made of anodized aluminum, it disassembles easily and fits into its own compact carrying case. Re-assembly is just as easy. Simply slide the red tube to position it opposite of the hanging hook. Full extended size is 16". Imported. Learn More
Gear Aid® ½" Tent Pole Splint (12mm)$4.99A broken tent pole can mark the end of any great outdoor adventure. Make sure your outdoor repair kit is stocked with a Tent Pole Splint by Gear Aid™. Learn More
Gear Aid® ReviveX® Durable Suede, Nubuck & Fabric Waterproofing―4-oz.$7.99A high-tech treatment for your high-tech footwear—water repellent spray safely waterproofs boots and shoes. Learn More
Gear Aid® ReviveX® Boot Cleaner―4 oz.Original Price:$7.99 Current Price: $4.98Concentrated boot and shoe cleaner removes dirt and grime from leather boots, hiking shoes, and more. Cleans three times as many boots as other brands. Safe for waterproof-breathable fabrics as well. Always use prior to applying ReviveX water repellent treatment (item 621376, sold separately). Made in USA. Learn More


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Indian pharma company to set up shop in Malta
A leading Indian pharmaceutical company sees Malta as a gateway to Europe and is investing €10 million (Lm4.3 million) in setting up its manufacturing plant here.
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, which operates in over 100 countries, will start service operations later this year and eventually employ 120 people.
Investments Minister Austin Gatt yesterday presented Venulopalan Muralidharan (Murali), Aurobindo vice president, with the formal letter of intent as part of the government's bid to assist the company in its investment.
"The presence of Aurobindo is very important, because it complements the present pharmaceutical network in Malta, which today employs about 900 people, a figure expected to soar to 1,400 over the next three years," Dr Gatt said at a press conference.
Aurobindo is a publicly listed company that is among the top five in the pharmaceutical sector in India, the country that is set to produce 20 per cent of the world's pharmaceutical products.
The company is a global operator with a turnover exceeding half a billion dollars last year.
Aurobindo owns 11 subsidiary manufacturing companies, markets more than 250 formulations and employs about 7,000 people worldwide.
The company has a strong global presence in the therapeutic segments of anti-infectives, antiretrovirals, cardiovasculars and the central nervous system.
To consolidate and strengthen its presence in Europe, Aurobindo has decided to invest in a manufacturing and services operation here that will serve as a hub for European markets.
In the Malta project, Aurobindo will invest funds in the manufacture of pharma-finished formulations and the provision of services including lab testing, quality assurance and the testing of pharma products for quality release on to EU markets.
The company in Malta expects to reach a sales figure of €26 million (Lm11.2 million) in the fifth year.
It will start operating from an existing factory in Ħal Far while construction of new manufacturing premises will begin at the Ħal Far industrial estate to enable it to expand its facilities by 2010. Mr Murali said the company chose the island because of its pool of hardworking, English-speaking workers, reduced income tax, investor-friendly legislations, and the widely acknowledged quality standards of the Malta Medicines Authority, among others.
Aurobindo also chose Malta because it plans to expand its European market share. The growth of the Malta project will, therefore, take place in tandem with the realisation of the company's expansion plans in Europe.
Dr Gatt said that Aurobindo, a role-model company with a global reputation, was expected to encourage other major names in the pharmaceutical sector to select Malta as their manufacturing base.
See our Comments Policy Comments are submitted under the express understanding and condition that the editor may, and is authorised to, disclose any/all of the above personal information to any person or entity requesting the information for the purposes of legal action on grounds that such person or entity is aggrieved by any comment so submitted. Please allow some time for your comment to be moderated.


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I'm planning on doing a full blackout (including reflectors) of my headlights but I wanted to know if it was illegal to do this in California.
This is a discussion on Is it illegal to bake my headlights? within the Exterior & Appearance forums, part of the Tech & Modifying & General Repairs category; I'm planning on doing a full blackout (including reflectors) of my headlights but I wanted to know if it was ...
I'm planning on doing a full blackout (including reflectors) of my headlights but I wanted to know if it was illegal to do this in California.
V C Section 24400 Headlamps on Motor Vehicles
CA Codes (veh:24400-24411)
In addition if your lamps no longer meet DOT standards they are illegal anywhere in the US, including of course CA:
In each link there are statutes listed; have a look at those etc.
There is (was?) a CA code that stated you cannot make any light modifications beyond DOT and if you do this is not a "fix it" but rather a standing fine plus an administrative fee. I neither remember the specifics nor know how you'd find it other than asking CHP and/or looking up the links above.
So the question is, does modifying a DOT lamp as you suggest violate
and my best guess is yes, if reflectors are part of the design of the lamp.
Last edited by SD_GR; 12-11-2013 at 06:02 PM.
The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong in the broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry. Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, 1929
WRX Info Links, Courtesy TheJ
DISCLAIMER: Opinions expressed are the author's alone and are inherently worthless.
I wouldnt completely black out everything may unless you were going to put projectors in the high beams or maybe retrofit a bixenon hid kit with working high beam. Maybe consider painting a few passes with metalcast and see if you would like a dark chrome look.
Ligthwerkz did these
Last edited by cflip2x; 12-11-2013 at 06:27 PM.
2012 WRB 4DR | SPT Exhaust | Cobb Short Throw | Rally Armour | WC Lathe Werks Custom TI Knob | Kartboy Shifter Bushings | Stoptech Pads & Brake Lines | JBK Elements DRL | OEM STI & Morimoto Mini H1 Quad HID Retrofit | XSB LED Angel Eyes | GrimmSpeed Lightweight Crank Pulley | Perrin Cold Air Intake | CNT Catted Divorced Downpipe W/Titanium Wrap and Grimmspeed Heatshild | Grimmspeed Pink Radiator Shroud & Alternator Cover
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everything is illegal in CA
--Anthony 2011 DGM WRX stg2+sf intake WTFtuned ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Official Subie owner as of 01/10/11
Stink Eye Mob #87
Bye bye Bimmer
Hellooo '11 REX
Very likely that any tampering is illegal. But who's going to know, even then who will enforce it? Maybe street cops, I don't know.
...Unless you plow into someone at night and kill or seriously injure the person, then there seems a better chance it could come up.
Wrecking Walls with Balls since before Miley
My 2nd Subaru - OMG RaceKar | My 1st Subaru - Rags to Race | YouTube
The P0171 CEL Thread | How to Search: Newbie Tips | *Subaru College Crew v.Beta*
Only 3 ways I see:
1 - just leave as is from factory: no issues
2 - just do it in a factory-like manner: LIKELY no issues
3 - buy factory replacement part in the look you want: no issues
The lightwerkz with it's visible LED lamp could cause trouble...
You can't have everything - where would you put it?


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Fashion buy: Red ruffle dress
The look-at-me shade of red, the cute capped sleeves, the asymmetrical ruffle: it's perfection in a dress.
Everyone needs a go-to dress for last minute party invitations or when spontaneous cocktail nights spring up. This could be yours.
It's vibrant hue and cute details make it mature enough for most events, but the above-the-knee cut keeps it from feeling dated.
Red ruffle dress
Available from Dorothy Perkins


text: Give Online Your is currently empty. RaNi's Research Endowed Fund The Mission Fund the development of pioneering approaches to help people regain their speech and language using Mathematics, Hindi, or Sanskrit. The Rationale There is a Hindu concept that asserts that when someone loses the ability to speak, it is because the Other Side doesn't want to reveal what that person is seeing. Prof. Chaitan P. Gupta experienced this during the last three days of his life. However, with the assistance of his speech therapist, he was able to reveal to his family what he was seeing on the last day of his life. His last few spoken words in both English and Hindi provided immeasurable consolation to his family. While Prof. Chaitan P. Gupta's death experience subscribed to Hindu philosophy, there are many who lose their ability to speak (due to stroke or accident, for example) who are otherwise healthy and able. This silenced group is growing in numbers with the aging of the US population in general and the aging of the Indian-American community in particular. Prof. Chaitan P. Gupta was one of the first to immigrate to the United States from India. He is also one of the first Indian-Americans to live his last day in the United States. Working with the UNR Foundation, the Gupta Family has established RaNi's Research Endowed Fund to help those who experience Prof. C.P. Gupta's verbal setback yet otherwise remain firmly in this world, in our country. RaNi's Research Endowed Fund will be used by UNR researchers to develop pioneering ways to help people regain their speech and language using Mathematics, Hindi, or Sanskrit. These three ancient languages may hold the key to compensate for lost speaking and/or recover speech and language that suddenly becomes inaccessible. These three languages could serve as the means for the human brain to rewire around damaged parts. Very little research has been done around this approach and even less has made it to medical practice. RaNi's Research Endowed Fund is an entity to change that by focusing on nurse's direct interactions with speech debilitated patients (hence the capitalized 'R' and 'N' in 'RaNi') as well as the next generation of speech therapists who are willing and able to adopt new rehabilitation techniques that use mathematics as well as the languages of India. If you learned even one thing from Professor Chaitan P. Gupta, if you know someone whose thoughts are trapped in their mind, if you would like to follow Professor Chaitan P. Gupta one last time, if you are someone who wishes to see the medical community in the United States develop deeper connections and understanding of Indian culture, or if you are someone who has as much (or more) affection and respect than Prof. C.P. Gupta for those in the nursing profession, join us and become part of RaNi's Research Endowed Fund. Individual gifts of any amount, when combined, will help support research at one of the levels below: Diamond: $1 million Endowment (~$45,000 per year in perpetuity) Gold: $500,000 Endowment (~$22,500 per year in perpetuity)Silver: $100,000 Endowment (~$4500 per year in perpetuity)Blue: $10,000 Endowment (~$450 per year in perpetuity) When making a gift by credit card, please note that a processing fee and a transaction fee equal to the amount charged by the credit card processor will be deducted from your donation. This does not affect the tax deductibility of your total gift, but it does reduce the total funds available in the fund you are supporting. No fees apply when your donation is made by check. Donation Information Amount: $ * Designation: RaNi's Endowed Research Fund Other Other * Additional Information Type of gift: One-time giftRecurring gift Frequency: Weekly Monthly Quarterly Annually On: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Starting: Ending: Ending: Comments:


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Distance Learning School at MIPT has been in existence for 30 years. It was started by a group of MIPT's professors to bring advanced education in Physics and Mathematics to the learners in high schools across the former USSR. This is the map of the Russian Federation with the dots representing the number of students of our Distance Learning in all 11 time zones of Russia. The biggest dots correspond to 1000 students, the smallest dots correspond to 50–100 students. Total number of students enrolled by the School each year is 16,000. Education materials are distributed by mail. In about a month, a student sends those problems he/she has solved back and gets them checked at MIPT. Then MIPT sends a feedback to the student with full solution to the problems, his/her work checked and commented on. Normally, a student gets 6 study guides and problem sets during the academic year.
To enroll for the next academic year, the prospective students have to solve several problems. These are published each year, in January-February, in Kvant, Science magazine for advanced high school students. A student is eligible for enrollment in any year for any or all of the last three grades of the high School. If a student is enrolled once, the enrollment for the next year is automatic if the student gets good marks at Distance Learning School.
The Distance Learning School is a free educational service provided by MIPT to residents of the Russian Federation. Successful candidates need to pass the admission test and be of a certain age (three last grades of the high school are eligible).


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Aug. 29, 2012
ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Former University of Michigan wrestling standout and two-time NCAA champion Dave Porter (1966-68) passed away on Saturday (Aug. 25) in Grand Ledge, Mich., at the age of 66. Porter, who had been in poor health in recent years, was also a two-year Michigan football letterwinner as a defensive tackle.
Among the most decorated wrestlers in Michigan program history, Porter was a two-time NCAA heavyweight champion (1966, '68) and three-time NCAA All-American, placing third as a junior. He captured his first title in dominant fashion, using three takedowns and two near falls to defeat Minnesota State-Moorhead's Bob Billberg, 15-4, and become the program's eighth individual NCAA champion.
A native of Lansing, Mich., Porter enjoyed several notable wins and rivalries against his hometown Michigan State Spartans. In his junior season, with U-M trailing by eight points with two matches remaining in the regular-season dual finale against No. 1-ranked MSU, Porter pinned the Spartans' Jeff Richardson in the last match to seal Michigan's 16-14 upset victory. He was immediately preceded in victory by teammate Pete Cornell at 190 pounds; Cornell was killed on July 26 in a cycling accident.
Two of Porter's three career losses came in his senior season to Michigan State's Jeff Smith, who defeated Porter in the regular-season dual meet and the Big Ten Championships heavyweight final. Porter earned his revenge at the NCAA Championships, however, routing Smith 7-1 in the semifinal round. He went on to defeat Oregon State's Jess Lewis, 5-4, in the championship match. Trailing in the third period, Porter earned a reversal and sealed the decision with a late takedown. It was the only loss that Lewis suffered in his career.
Porter pinned his way to back-to-back Big Ten heavyweight titles (1966, '67) and was honored as the tournament's most outstanding wrestler as a junior. He represented Michigan at the first two NWCA All-Star Classic competitions (1967, '68) and served as U-M team captain in his senior campaign. Over his three seasons, he contributed to a 29-3 Michigan dual record and three top-10 NCAA finishes, including a runner-up showing in 1967.
Porter posted a sterling 51-3 career record, including a perfect 17-0 mark as a sophomore, and registered 37 career falls. His .944 career winning percentage has stood as the Michigan program standard for 44 years.
On the gridiron, Porter played defensive tackle during the 1966 and 1967 seasons, compiling 46 career tackles, four pass breakups and two fumble recoveries. After appearing in the North-South Shrine Game, he was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the 1968 NFL Draft but tore a tendon and never played in an NFL game.
After his Michigan graduation, Porter accepted a teaching and coaching position at Grand Ledge High School, where he remained until his retirement in 2005.
Porter was inducted into the prestigious Michigan Hall of Honor in 1985 and is a member of the Michigan chapter of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame (inducted 2010) and Michigan Wrestling Association Hall of Fame (1986).
A memorial service will be held at 6 p.m. on Wednesday, Sept. 5, at Holihan-Atkin Funeral Home in Grand Ledge, Mich. Visitation will precede the service from 3-6 p.m. For more information, please visit the Holihan-Atkin website.
Contact: Leah Howard (734) 763-4423
Sign up for Michigan Insider to be the first to learn about 2017-18 Michigan wrestling ticket opportunities.


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A high-protein diet can help build muscle, which comes in handy for fighting off a shark that is also on a high-protein diet. Take a bite out of the circle of life with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $15 for $30 worth of dinner for two
- $30 for $60 worth of dinner for four
The dinner menu includes a boneless 14-ounce Angus rib eye with your choice of two sides ($23.95), lobster quesadillas with avocado-cilantro salsa ($14.50), and bacon-laced chicken skewers ($13.95). Vegetarian-friendly options include pad Thai with stir-fried veggies and spicy peanut sauce ($11.95).
Grill Master's Steak House
The chefs Grill Master's Steak House don't believe you can have too much of a good thing. That's why they prefer to serve their robust dishes, such as slow-roasted prime rib, juicy USDA-certified porterhouse steaks, and steamed Chilean mussels sautéed in Riesling, by the pound. Even the specialties they don't serve in gargantuan portions radiate with heartiness, including bowls of from-scratch New England clam chowder and blackened, sautéed, or broiled farm-raised rainbow trout.
To complement these meat- and seafood-based feasts, bartenders pour a generous selection of cocktails, wine, and beer, including several handcrafted microbrews and one macrobrew that can't even fit inside the restaurant. These drink gurus also channel the kitchen's bigger-is-better philosophy with the Grill Master's Monster, a hefty, ice-chilled libation comprised of juices, club soda, and shots of tequila, rum, and triple sec.
Customer Reviews
400 Bercut Dr.
Sacramento, CA 95814
+19164413474Get Directions


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home » patients & visitors » patient & visitor information
Patient and Visitor Information
The latest Patient Information Booklet can be accessed by clicking here.
Mutual Respect
The staff at St. Vincent's University Hospital will endeavour to:
- Treat you with respect and dignity
- Respect your privacy and confidentiality
- Keep you informed of your plan of care
- Respect your right to make decisions regarding your care and treatment
- Respect your right to seek a second opinion
- Respect your diversity
Patients/clients will endeavour to:
- Respect the rights, property, privacy, and diversity of other patients and the health care team
- Discuss your wishes, preferences and decisions with the health care team
- Use health care resources in a responsible manner
You will be responsible for:
- Understanding your health problems to your own satisfaction. If you do not understand your own illness or treatment ask your doctor, nurse and others about it. Understanding your health problems is important for the success of your treatment.
Visiting Arrangements
Visitors are recognised as an important part of your day but your care is the first and most important concern of St. Vincent's University Hospital. In the interest of your safety, hygiene and comfort visiting is restricted to certain times.
We ask that your visitors adhere to the following times:
|2.00 pm - 4.00 pm
|6.30 pm - 8.30 pm
Recommended visiting time is twenty minutes and no more than two persons should visit you at any one time.
Children under 12 years should not visit except in exceptional circumstances.
You have the right to decline visitors and visiting hours may be extended for compassionate reasons. The Clinical Nurse Manager (formerly Ward Sister) can request that visitors leave if the number present or the length of the visit may hinder your care.
Addtional restrictions will apply from time to time e.g. during outbreaks of infectious diseases. Your relatives and friends are requested not to visit if they have sore throats, flu, vomiting and/or diarrhoea or other infections, because of the risk of introducing infection to the ward.
Parking and Transportation
Car Park
24 hour public parking is available in the multi-storey car park.
- Parking on hospital roads or in set down areas is strictly prohibited
- A number of reserved spaces are available for drivers with a valid Disabled Driver's permit
Visitors and long-term patients may be facilitated for discount parking in special circumstances. For further details, please speak with the Clinical Nurse Manager on your ward.
Parking space is limited on the hospital campus. All public car parking on site is provided for in the new multi-storey car park and in the basement of the new building. The tariff is as follows:
|Duration of Stay:
|0-20 minutes
|20-60 minutes
|1-2 hours
|2-3 hours
|3-4 hours
|4-5 hours
|5-6 hours
|6-7 hours
|7-24 hours
Public Transport
These buses stop close to St. Vincent's University Hospital:
|Bus Number
|Departing From
|4, 7
|O'Connell St.
|Parnell Square
|Eden Quay
All of these buses with the exception of the Number 4, stop on the Merrion Road outside the front of the hospital. The Number 4 bus stops on Nutley Lane at the side of the hospital. For details of pick up points along any of these routes, please contact Dublin Bus Passenger Information Service (01) 873 4222 or visit www.dublinbus.ie for more information.
Sydney Parade DART Stationprovides a service from Malahide and Howth to Bray and Greystones and is about a five-minute walk from the hospital. A number ofIntercity and Suburban trains also stop at Sydney Parade Station e.g. Dundalk, Drogheda, Arklow and Rosslare. Forfurther information please contact Irish Rail on 1850 366 222 or look up www.irishrail.ie.
A taxi may be ordered to collect you from the hospital entrance. Please ask the porters at the main reception desk.
Catering Service
Meal Times
- Breakfast is served at 7.20 a.m. in all wards except St. Monica's and St. Vincent's where breakfast is served at 8.30 a.m.
- There is morning tea at 10.30 a.m.
- Lunch is served at 12.00 p.m.
- Tea is 5.00 p.m.
- There is also evening tea between 7.00 and 9.00 p.m.
We can cater for all special dietary requirements. Please tell staff immediately of any food allergies or intolerances.
Staff Restaurant / Coffee Shop
A restaurant situated on the ground floor, a coffee shop in the atrium beside the main reception desk and a coffee shop in themain hall are open tovisitors.Openinghours are as follows:
|Monday - Sunday
|7.15 am - 12.30 pm
|1.45 pm - 6.30 pm
|Reserved for staff on restricted lunch breaks
|12.45 pm - 1.45 pm
|Closed to Visitors after 5.30 pm
In the interests of patient care, service is restricted to staff at high demand times. Visitors co-operation in this matter is appreciated.
Coffee Shop (Atrium)
|Monday - Friday
|Saturday & Sunday
|8.00 am - 7.30 pm
|9.00 am - 6.00 pm
|Reserved for staff on restricted lunch breaks
|12.45 pm - 1.45 pm
|Closed to Visitors after 5.30 pm
Coffee Shop (Main Hall)
A coffee shop / sandwich bar with eat-in and take away facilities
Monday -Friday7.45 a.m. - 7.30 p.m.
Saturday 9.00 a.m. - 7.30 p.m.
Sunday9.30 a.m. - 7.30 p.m.
Admission Arrangements
There are two main sources of admission to St. Vincent's University Hospital
- Emergency admissions through the Emergency Department
- Pre-arranged admissions
In Patient Stay
For your own safety and well being we request that you inform a member of the nursing staff prior to leaving the ward for any reason.
During your in-patient stay, you may be required to change beds and/or wards within the hospital setting due to a change in your condition or to accommodate the needs of other patients.
Medicine Round
Giving out medicines needs a lot of concentration. So it is important that nurses are not interrupted or distracted.
When a nurse is wearing the Red Apron, and there is a Do Not Disturb sign hanging from the drug trolley and the doorframe, this tells you that the nurse is doing the medicine round.
Please do not disturb, distract or interrupt the nurse unnecessarily.
Your discharge from the hospital is as important as your admission. We endeavour to make sure you have a safe, well co-ordinated discharge. If you require help with your discharge, please ask a member of your care team.
Keeping the patients and families informed is an essential component to their care. A key element in Discharge planning is having a target discharge date towards which to plan. This ensures all necessary stepa are taken in a timely manner to provide you with a safe and appropriate discharge. From admission you are free to ask and discuss with your team how long you are likely to be in for, and although they may not be able to tell you a precise date, an estimate can be given. This allows you and your family to make any necessary arrangements and be as prepared as possible.
Home by 12
It is the hospital policy that, where appropriate, all patients vacate their bed by 12 midday. If you are unable to leave at this time, you are welcome to wait in the ward day room. By vacating the bed early, it allows for the incoming patients to be accommodated as soon as possible. Your adherence to this policy is greatly appreciated.
The following is a discharge checklist which may be of help:
- Have you transport to your home? Is someonecomingto collect you?
- If you have a wound; what care is needed?
- Have you stitches or clips that need to be removed?
- Can you bathe and shower independently when you go home?
- Do you have house keys, clothes, and is there food available?
- Has the heating been turned on?
- If you are already receiving care or services at home, does the service provider know you have been discharged?
- If there are any problems when discharged, whom do you contact?
- Have you got your prescription? Medication is not supplied by the hospital. Have you someone who can get the medication for you? What is the medication for, how often and for how long should you take it?
- Have you got a letter for your doctor or public health nurse?
- Do you need an out-patient appointment or follow up care?
- When can you return to work and normal activities?
- Do you need a medical certificate for your employer?
- Haveyou got allyour belongings?
Patients' Charter
In 1994 the Minister for Health introduced the Patients' Charter. It outlines the rights of the hospital patient i.e. the right to access hospital services, the right to visitors, the right to privacy, the right to complain, etc. A copy of the patients' charter is available on request.
What to Bring With You
You should bring:
- Documents - medical card and details of private health insurance if you have them
- Name, address and contact number of your next of kin
- All current medications, including any herbal or over the counter medicines that you are taking so that we can get a complete picture of your medication history
- Nightwear, Dressing gown, Slippers, Toiletries
- We advise you not to bring too much personal clothing as storage space is very limited
- Aerosols are not allowed because of the sensitivity of the fire alarm (e.g. hair spray, deodorants etc.)
As the hospital does not provide a personal laundry service, please make suitable arrangements with your relatives or friends.
Sickness Benefit
If you are entitled to claim Sickness Benefit, please ask your doctor for a medical certificate.
Access to your Medical Records
Administrative Access
Information regarding your illness is confidential. It will not be given to anyone except those involved in your treatment including your own General Practicioner without your permission.
Following discharge, if you wish to recieve a copy of your records, you can do so by writing to the
Freedom of Information
The Freedom of Information Act (1997 and2003)was designed to allow individuals access to information held by Public Bodies which is not routinely available from other sources.
At St. Vincent's we foster a culture of openness and transparency and where feasible, will make as much information as possible available to members of the public on a routine basis.
St. Vincent's University Hospital has produced a manual containing information required under Section 15 and Section 16 of the Act.
The manual is available from the following locations:
The Freedom of Information (FOI) Officer, St. Vincent's University Hospital
Public Libraries
College Libraries
Our website www.stvincents.ie
Medical Staff
You will be admitted underthe care of aConsultant. Each consultant has a team, which usually includes a Senior Registrar and\or Registrar, Senior House Officer (SHO) and Intern(s). However, during your admission you may also be seen by doctors from other teams and from the Anaesthetic and Radiology Departments. As St. Vincent's University Hospital is a teaching hospital, you may be asked to participate in medical and nursing student activities. You are free to decline from such activities and this will not effect your rights or care as a patient in any way.
Nursing Staff
Nurses offer a holistic approach to patient care. Their goal, with yourhelp, is to assist your return to best health within the limitationsofyour illness. During yourstay a teamof nursesled by aClinical Nurse Manager will care for you. Theywill provide a high standard of nursing care and they will endeavor to meet your individual needs.
The Clinical Nurse Manager of your ward or unit will endeavour to assign the same registered nurses to care for you. Each day, this nurse will introduce her/himself to you. All nursing staff wear name badges. However, if at any time you are unsure of the names ofthose responsible for your nursing care, please ask.
Registered nurses may be assisted in the delivery of care by nursing students and health care assistants.Nursing staff will be happy to facilitate anyqueries you may have with your care whilst in hospital. If you so wish, you may choose tospeak with the Clinical NurseManager, the Assistant Director of Nursing or the Director of Nursing about your care andtreatment.
Specialist Nursing Services
Experienced nurses work with colleagues from other professions providing a specialist service within specified areas. The following are the areas served by specialist nurses at St. Vincent's University Hospital:
- Anti-coagulant
- Asthma Care
- Breast care
- Cardiac Rehabilitation
- Cancer Care
- Community Liaison
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Dermatology
- Diabetes
- Haematology
- Hepatitis C
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Liver Transplantation
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Oncology
- Orthopaedics - (Plaster Care)
- Palliative Care
- Parkinson's
- Preventative Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
- Stoma Care
- Stroke Care
- Tissue Vialility
- Transfusion surveillance
- Urology
The service provided by the specialist nurses varies from one speciality to another.
Social Work Department
As part of the hospital care team, social workers provide a service to patients and relativesregardless of financial situation. This service involves the emotional and practical aspects of illness and admission to hospital.
This means help can be provided in circumstances such as: -
- Planning your future care
- Listening/counselling
- Providing information and contacting other services/support on your behalf
If you feel we can help please ask to see a social worker or contact the main social work office which is located in the Out-patient Department.
Nutrition and Dietetics Department
Weprovide nutritional support and dietary education for those patients who require nutritional/dietetic intervention as part of their medical, surgical or psychiatric care.
Occupational Therapy Department
Wehelp individuals maximise their independence in self-care, productivity and leisure.
Pharmacy Department
We provide a wide range of pharmaceutical services to patients and staff in St. Vincent's University Hospital. These include the following:
- Purchasing and dispensing drugs
- Monitoring prescriptions to ensure that drug treatment is safe and appropriate
- Manufacturing sterile products such as chemotherapy
- Providing up to date, reliable and unbiased information on drugs to health care professionals in the hospital
Our main aim is to provide the highest standard of pharmaceutical care in order to improve your quality of life.
Physiotherapy Department
We providean in-patient and out-patient physiotherapy service to patients from within St. Vincent's University Hospital's catchment area.
Radiology Department
Radiology includes the sub-specialities of Interventional Radiology, Radionuclide Imaging, CT, MRI, Mammography, Ultrasound and plain imaging (X-Rays).
All images are digitally acquired and stored electronically. This results in more efficient image retrieval, faster reporting and rapid communication of results to referring clinicians. Both the images and results are available at multiple sites throughout the hospital.
Speech and Language Therapy Department
The primary role of the department is the assessment, diagnosis andmanagement of disorders of speech, language, communication and swallowing. The Speech and Language Department provides a service for both in-patients and out-patients.
Pastoral Care
The pastoral care team will attend to your spiritual needs during your stay in this hospital.
Roman Catholic and Church of Ireland Chaplains are in regular attendance on wards. Patients from other denominations may be visited by clergy of their choice who canbe contacted by a member of the nursing staff or the Pastoral Care Team.
There is an oratory situated in the foyer of the hospital nearto the shop. It is open at all times and all are welcome to use it for private prayer. A chapel is located on theground floor.
Religious Services
Roman Catholic Services:
Sunday Masses: 8.20 a.m. and 10.30 a.m.
Weekday Masses: 8.00 a.m. and 1.00 p.m. (Monday - Friday)
Saturday Masses: 6.00 p.m. (vigil)
Church of Ireland Services:
Communion Service Weekly (The day and location may vary, please ask a member of the nursing staff or the Pastoral Care staff).
Relatives' Accommodation
Accommodation isavailablefor a small number of relatives relatives of seriously ill patients in the hospital. There is a small charge pernight. If you require further information regarding this service contact the Clinical Nurse Manager.
Mail Service
Your letters will be delivered to you daily and packages as received. Please ask your family and friends to include your full name and if possible, the name of the Ward on your mail. A post box is situated at the main reception desk for outgoing mail. All outgoing mail must be stamped. Stamps may be purchased in the shop.
Television sets are located onmost of thewards and in the ward day rooms.
An ATM is located in the Main Hall of the hospital opposite the coffee shop.
Hospital Shops
There are two hospital shops on the ground floor, one located in the atrium reception area and the second in the main hall. They all sell a variety of items including newspapers, magazines, books, sweets and fruit.
The shop in the main hall is open:
Monday-Sunday 8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.
The shop in the atrium is open:
Monday - Friday 8.00 a.m. - 8.00 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday 9.00am- 6.00 p.m.
Public Telephones
Public Telephones are located on each floor of the hospital.
The comments of patients, relatives and visitors are used as a gauge and measure of quality service. We welcome suggestions or ideas on how we might improve our service ot patients. If you have any ideas that might help please talk to any member of staff or you can email on email@example.com
St. Vincent's University Hospital has a complaints procedure. If you have a complaint regarding your care you should direct it to the Clinical Nurse Manager in the first instance. If you do not wish to discuss your complaint at local level you should write to the Complaints Officer. All complaints will be acknowledged within five working days and will receive a response within twenty-eight days.
Health & Safety Policy
Under current safety legislation, particularly the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005, the hospital is required to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of all employees, persons under contract, visitors and people under the hospital's care.
St. Vincent's University Hospital has a Safety Statement which details the specific hazards and control measures in place for each department. The Safety Statement is central to promoting safety and health at work.
Trust in Care Policy
The trust in care policy has been drawn up to ensurethat your safety, welfare and dignity is upheld at all times. St. Vincent's University Hospital has a duty of care to ensure that you are protected from any form of behaviour which violates your dignity.
St. Vincent's University Hospital also has a duty to ensure that all staff are provided with the necessary support, training and supervision to enable them to deliver a high quality of service. The Trust in Care policy is to ensure prevention through an increased awareness and vigilance from all staff, a thorough recruitment and selection procedure, ongoing training and abidance with hospital codes of behaviour.
In the interest of patient safety, hygiene and comfort, we ask that you do not bring flowers into the hospital. If you recieve flowers, please send them home with a family member or friend.
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should not be used in the hopital as they may interfere with sensitive equipment used to assist in the care of seriously ill patients and disturbs fellow patients rest.
Smoke Free Policy
Under the Public Health Tobacco Amendment Bill governing smoking in the workplace, smoking is strictly prohibited in all hospital buildings.
As a member of the Health Promoting Hospitals Network, St. Vincent's University Hospital promotes a completely smoke-free environment throughout the entire hospital. The hospital has a duty to provide a healthy environment and a safe place for patients to be treated. Patients, staff and visitors are not allowed to smoke in the hospital buildings or on the grounds.
Please click here for more information.
What to bring your relative or friend
Please check with Ward staff if you are bringing in food, sweets or drinks as the patient may be on a special diet.


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New Myths
About Willi
Rabbit Holes and the Magic Ring of Myth: The PlanetShifter.com EarthDay 2010 Event Circle Interview with Cosmologist Rohaan Solare
"Most of us go see a movie and unless we are familiar with the meaning of symbols and archetypes we are apt miss out on much of what is being conveyed and/or we take the movie literally."
Alice and the Rabbit Holographic Universe
by Rohaan Solare
[Rohaan at mac dot com]
Dreams are private myths and myths are public dreams
~ Joseph Campbell
Myths and Stories:
Our attempts to describe the phenomenal world in a coherent and intelligible fashion. I use two basic categories of stories for the purpose of this article. There are stories about individual journeys and there are stories about the collective's journey. Collective to mean beyond the regionalism of tribes or nations. Stories applicable to the collective of humanity because the message is universal in scope. The theme of a universally valued story is about a quest relevant to and involving the whole. In other words the well being of the whole is at stake. Certain actions must be carried out in order to insure a continued and brighter future for the collective.
Stories containing universal values and themes are known to us as myths. A myth is a true story told in symbolic terms. A corrupted myth is a symbolic story understood in literal terms (Judeo-Christian). This brings us to the crux of this article. We live in age of mythic illiteracy and subsequently we are unable to derive the meaning and therefore the deeper value of mythic stories unless we are hit over the head with the obvious. Think Avatar. Story telling was once how we conveyed the mystery, awe and workings of our world. Stories were vivified in the language of metaphor, imagery, archetypes and symbols. Motion pictures approach the ritual of ancient story telling much more so than books.
Most of us go see a movie and unless we are familiar with the meaning of symbols and archetypes we are apt miss out on much of what is being conveyed and/or we take the movie literally. Think The Matrix. Many believe The Matrix is a sci-fi account about machines that have taken over the world.
But when viewed through the lens of mythos The Matrix is a near perfect reflection of the human cultural condition in which our robotic nature has gotten the best of us. The reality is that there are flesh and blood humans at the controls and they are robotically committed (encultured habit) to the horror we now live.
When I say "we" I am referring to humanity and vast majority of humanity is subject to the ruthlessness of the few. A mythological understanding of stories says that they are reliable, veritable and useful reflections of life, culture and the cosmos. The article you are reading is concerned in particular with those stories reflective of not only the human collective, but also the source of reality and our myths—the cosmos.
Messages from Beyond?
The mythologist Joseph Campbell discovered that many of humanities great myths share the thematic content and common patterns of development. [1] Elements that transcend culture, time and distance. Some sort of inter connective tissue enables us to reproduce certain story elements with constancy and similarity. The timeless and universal archetypes of Carl G. Jung are said to reside in the collective unconscious. [2]
The imprint of life's rhythms and forms over millennia can account for the presence of shared motifs within our collective unconscious. Nature's forms are constant and they are the same for everybody.
But I have noted other elements in stories that cannot be accounted for via a local mechanism. Meaning that due to lack of certain circumstances the writer could not have acquired the content nor the significance of the content from either direct experience nor the reservoir of the collective unconscious.
Elements which some might dismiss as being arbitrary or fanciful bursts of sheer creativity. In many cases they could be, but I will argue that certain story elements might be acquired via a non-local mechanism. By non-local I mean the ability to access information via means other than direct sensory experience. Non-locality comes to us from discoveries in physics, but we may also attribute various forms of psychic and paranormal phenomena to non-local mechanisms. [3]
The reflection of reality in our stories is so consistent and accurate that I have wondered if there is not some means by which the integrity of reality is insured as it's conveyed by the writer in his or her terms and without the writer even being aware of why they write the detail they do. Alice in Wonderland provides some excellent examples of what I mean in the foregoing.
A significant body of research now indicates that the subconscious is the "real brains" behind our decision making. And that our subconscious assessments are even more accurate than our conscious ones.[4] Our brains have been shown to compute decisions subconsciously and upon reaching a certain threshold of neuronal activity the solution slips into conscious awareness.[4]
Studies show that our brains are hardwired to reach optimum decisions with the information it has on hand.[4] In other words left to its own devices the subconscious is extremely adept at reaching accurate decisions relative to the information it has on hand.
The quality of our assessments is then dependent upon the quality of the information the brain is working with—simple enough. We now have a reliable mechanism to account for the consistent and consistently accurate rendition of elements found in myths. We now need a mechanism to account for those story elements that could not have been accessed via the collective unconscious nor standard sensory inputs. Enter the Holographic Universe. [5]
Rabbit Holes within Worm Holes
An individual is an ensemble of personality characteristics constituting a whole person. In turn the individual is part of a family and the family is part of a community of families and so on until we reach the greatest whole known as humanity. Humanity in turn is but one part of the planetary whole. Wholes embedded or nested within wholes is the basic premise of a holographic universe. By applying a wholes within wholes line of reasoning, stories of universality need not involve scenarios like The Matrix or The Lord of the Rings where the collective is literally represented. A family drama could just as easily reflect the human cultural condition just as every actor in a story could be said to represent one of our many selves (masks).
Alice in Wonderland is one such story, but before I delve into the imagery of Alice I want to take you down a portion of the rabbit holographic universe. And don't worry you shan't be late for tea… for in a holographic universe everything is always on time.
The implications of a holographic universe are vast and this article touches on those with the greatest impact on our understanding reality. The article is not an in depth technical explication, but is intended to provoke curiosity into what many think, myself included, is the past, present and future of cosmology. I do however provide links to more thorough treatments. I will also show how the holographic universe fits well with the cosmology I am developing based on the Tzolkin cycle.
Certain descriptions of a holographic universe sound like familiar spiritual concepts related to unity and wholeness. According to the holographic paradigm everything contains the whole of the universe and as much as the universe contains everything. We are a reflection of the universe as much as the universe is a reflection of us and we may apply this analogy to anything. This aspect alludes to the most basic structure of the universe at the smallest scales.
It says that whatever the order and properties of such a structure they are such that we can trace the past and calculate the future in the most unconventional of ways. Then factor for the simultaneity of past, present and future and things begin to get curioser and curioser.[5b]
The foregoing implies a repeating pattern. More on this further down. The universe contains us and we contain the universe or more precisely we are extrusions of the Universe. That is we are like a fold in the continuous fabric of the Universe that is shaped into yet another form as permitted by the local conditions.
Think of a telescoping mechanism in which the same object is extended (extruded). The fully extended telescoping object is segmented, but each segment is an identical version of the next (fractality). The only difference is scale or size, but the content is scale-invariant. Meaning that the content remains qualitatively consist despite differences in size or form. So too are we telescoped-extrusions of the universe or energy-matter continuum.
We may apply the classic holographic film example to my telescoping analogy. Any piece of a holographic film is capable of reproducing the entire image. But as we halve each piece the holographic image gets fuzzier. [5] If we start with a human and then trace the evolutionary ladder does not image of the human get increasingly fuzzier (furrier) the further back we go into evolutionary history? At one point we arrive at scale of an electron "cloud" which coincidentally looks like a dust bunny. Was that fuzzy enough?
Implicate and Explicate Orders
The renowned Physicist David Bohm refers to reality as "The undivided wholeness of a flowing movement" and he gives the modern world a model that I think will clean up the messy world of particle physics.[6] His model of implicate and explicate orders is also poised to reconcile the rigid objectivity of modern science with the subjectivity of the mythosophical realm. Bohm's implicate and explicate orders supports a holographic model of the Universe.[6]
In a holographic universe there are no real boundaries nor is there an real distance or any separation between one thing or another. [6] We simply cannot see the conjoining mediums.
But with the right tools (telescopes-microscopes-hallucinogens-states of mind-models) we can see or infer that they are there.
A holographic universe posits the simultaneity of past, present and future. The implication of simultaneity means that all of the information needed to reconcile the past, present and future already exists.[5b] The properly attuned receiver-perceiver is then able access information both into the future and distant non-personal past. Formal experiments with LSD [5] and remote viewing [5c] have revealed this.
In particular the ability to go into the past and access information pertaining to the craziest of things such as assuming the being of a reptile among many other formally documented instances that are comprehensible in a holographic universe.[5]
Amazonian shaman claim to have obtained their vast knowledge of the plant kingdom via the mental journeys they make while under the influence of ayahuasca.[8]Telepathy, psychic abilities and a host of other paranormal phenomena are understandable when we realize that additional frequencies of the electro-radio spectrum become accessible to the properly attuned receiver-perceiver. Our brain may be likened to radio receiver and our neurochemistry the tuner.
A holographic universe presumes an underlying order capable of relating everything to everything else and a system to account for what has been, what is and what will be. This leads us to a deterministic universe and many don't like that idea because of our encultured attachment to the inherited notion of Judeo-Christian (JC) free-will which when properly understood is a term for separateness.
Bound and Determined
JC free will is tied in with a creator that is not part of "his" creation. JC free-will presumes a free wheeling free will acting capriciously in some yet to be discovered vacuum of space. Yet there are consequences if we do something "against the will of God" even though "he" is separate from us—go figure.
A JC free will universe asserts an independence that we know well does not exist. Every choice you make is always related to and in reference to and a consequence of some prior instance(s). Our choices are not made in a vacuum, but are constrained and predetermined by a range of circumstances. In the previous paragraphs I introduced the idea that the subconscious is the real decision maker.
All living organisms are driven by some force to grow, sustain, complexity and then dissolve. We may decide if fortunate enough what kind of foods to eat, but we are compelled to eat. Eating, sleeping, reproduction, seeking shelter and experiences are determined primary behaviors and those behaviors in turn determine the actions we make in between each kind of primary behavior.
We are conceived, we are born, we grow, we decline and we die. A determined chain of events we are all bound to obey. Our life is spent finding a place to sleep, procuring things to eat, reproducing and seeking experiences. Each act is actualized without needing to exert a will—we are driven by biological compulsion.
And biology is driven by the inherent properties of the same energy-matter it is constituted from.
You feel hunger in your stomach and sexual desire in your gonads. And we are naturally drawn to exploration which means moving around. We are bound by design to act and react. Automatically we digest our food. Automatically our cells replicate millions of times a day.
Circadian cycles tell our neurons to release melatonin thus inducing sleep. Brain cells automatically discharge dopamine when they are triggered by sensory inputs deemed pleasurable to our neurology. You don't even decide what is pleasurable to you. Your brain cells had determined that before you were born. Experiences after birth determine what circumstances we will associate with pleasure (sexual fetishes). Where is the will in all of this?
There is no need for a will, but rather an optimized option selecting system(OOPSS). Just having fun with that acronym. Our OOPSS is itself governed by parameters. Parameters such as economizing effort, avoiding damage and minimizing loss to name just a few.
A Code of Conduct
Our DNA behaves according to a determined set of rules defined by electro-chemical principles. Every single organism obeys the same rules we do and we do not say that animals have a will, but that they are instinctually driven. When it comes down to it we are qualitatively indistinguishable from other organisms.
And if someone can show me show how we are qualitatively different from other organisms then by all means please leave a comment to that effect. One of the most cherished claims about human uniqueness is language. Language is just a name for sonic communication. All organisms communicate and many do so with sounds.
The DNA observes a specific sequence of events to accomplish what it is programmed to do. Everyone of your internal functions is automatic. You can't even help but react. Go to sleep and your brain dreams up fantasy realms of every sort. The mere act of observing triggers a mind boggling number of reactions inside your brain.
I know this is a very tight rabbit hole, but studies are pouring in to testify about what I am describing and it's really not as bad as it sounds. We simply need to modify our understanding of how we actually function and then discover the means available to us to increase our options and ability to select options.[9]
A deterministic universe must operate by some sort of code known as the laws of physics or something like that. I am not convinced that the current approach of mainstream physics is the most accurate, the most sensible nor the only way to describe the way universe works and is organized.
If a model cannot be readily applied to our everyday world then something is wrong with the model (Quantum Mechanics) or the modeler. The modeler may be burdened with subconscious assumptions about reality and/or may have inherited a worldview that interferes with the ability to accurately describe what they are seeing in their experiments. [10]
The scientific community has plenty of evidence to indicate that our present understanding of free will is an illusion.[9] Free will may be best thought of as relative freedom in which a slightly greater range of behaviors and options become available as we know more about all of the factors that can and do impinge upon our ability to make and access alternative choices.
The Conductor and Master Code?
We know what the code of life is (DNA). My work on the Tzolkin Code has shown a perfect code system match up with the genetic code.[11] I have also shown how the number system of the Tzolkin Code underlies every scale of the energy-matter continuum.[11]
As mentioned earlier a holographic universe must operate by a set of rules or code. A system is defined as such because it is constituted of discrete and interacting parts held in place by an intrinsic order or systematic process enabling its parts to function as a coherent whole.
Parts in turn made of others parts. You and your trillions of cells are able of function as a coherent whole due to your DNA code and the rules of electro-chemistry. A society functions as a system because of various codes of conduct both "natural" and contrived.
The idea of universal code is also supported by the Digital Physics/Mechanics or computational model of the Universe.[12] I have come to believe that the Tzolkin Code is the universal code by which things move, arise, organize and it reveals the order, sequence and place to everything we see and don't see.
The Meso-Americans distilled the Tzolkin Code from their study of the numbers underlying the movements of the planets, moon, sun and stars.[13] They also mapped how the cycle manifests itself in the day to day human realm. Their knowledge of the Tzolkin cycle was written in the form of a code… a Calendrical code.
Calendrics simply put is the study of the ebb and flow of cycles. According to my study of the Maya Meso American Calendrical system (MMAC) it seems that we may understand the "mind' of the Universe via its various cycles, subcycles and states… that is the processes and process phases characteristic to our universe and its various extrusions. The Tzolkin Code points to specific correspondences between a given cycle phase and what we are apt to experience thematically.
Others including myself have written about how the Western worldview as represented by our language structure is noun (things) based whereas the Universe is perhaps best described as process rather than a static thing.[10] And it just so happens that pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas have a process or verb based language indicative of process based worldview. [10]
Essentially the Western worldview is ill disposed to properly articulate what they are seeing in their physics experiments.[10b] Hence the jam in the physics community, a place with as many theories as there are particles. This is not to discredit Western science for their ability to manipulate energy-matter is nothing less than astounding, but a good tool maker is not necessarily a good cosmologist.
The Tzolkin cycle represents a distillation of the most basic cycles intrinsic to our solar system and their relationship to our Galaxy. The sub-cycles of the Tzolkin cycle are represented to us in the form of a code–the Tzolkin Code. The Tzolkin code consists of 20 symbols denoting the world of forms and its archetypes (objectivity), 4 colors denoting states (subjectivity) and 13 dots denoting an intensity scale. It is helpful to think of a day as a discrete phase in cycles consisting of 4, 13 and 20 days.
Synchronicity and the Holographic Universe
The Tzolkin code predicts the thematic content of a given time period according to the meaning of the symbols used to denote each aspect. A holographic universe supports a thoroughly interconnected universe and goes further to imply that every event is synchronized in some relation to every other event.[5a]
My experience and study of MMAC has lead me to understand how that is indeed the case. This is not hard to imagine when we realize that the trillions of cellular interactions happening within our body are synchronized activities. Without synchronization there is no organization. Try running your business with everybody operating on a different timing sequence.
An infinitely intimate and infinitely interconnected universe makes synchronicity a common place occasion for every bit of information is somehow relevant and related to every other bit of information in a holographic universe.[5]
Meaning aggregates in proportion to ones awareness of relational factors. That means that the more we know about how our world interacts, develops and unfolds then the more meaning we are able to derive from our experiences.
The Tzolkin Code alerts us to the thematic script we are all following and provides us with the full set of instructions permitting us to see just how interconnected and synchronized everything is.
To this effect mythic story telling is a function by which the undifferentiated or universe as a whole communicates with the differentiated collective via individuals whose cosmofunction is to relay information relevant to the whole.
Information that I believe serves the integrated function of a system and that is to maintain and optimize its own dynamic equilibrium.[14] Universal stories (info.) are handed down to us as myths (coded instructions). A myth is true story told in symbolic terms.
Myths are to be considered whole messages (coherent information packets) generated by the workings of the universe as experienced and then related by extrusions of the universe known as human beings. A human being then extrudes ink or digital ink in a code format known as letters and the rules of writing. The systems function of a universal message is to increase coherence among its parts. An effective message is passed on in proportion to its coherence.
Here is how the master story teller cosmologist said it himself.
It would not be too much to say that myth is the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human cultural manifestation. Religions, philosophies, arts, the social forms of primitive and historic man, prime discoveries in science and technology, the very dreams that blister sleep, boil up from the basic, magic ring of myth…The latest incarnation of Oedipus, the continued romance of Beauty and the Beast, stand this afternoon on the corner of Forty-second Street and Fifth Avenue, waiting for the traffic light to change.
– Joseph Campbell, The Hero's Journey
The parable of the Elephant and Twelve Blind Men aptly describes the current situation of the sciences, religions or any other philosophical system attempting to model the workings, structure and order of the universe. Each one detects a feature that is indeed part of the elephant, but each asserts that the whole creature is like the trunk or tail each party has managed to latch on to. I do believe though that the honor of describing the whole enchilada goes to the ancient peoples of present day Mexico.
I have given a cursory introduction into the mechanisms by which certain story features (coherent information packets) maybe universally accessed and relayed. And how we may rely on such stories to be accurate metaphorical renditions of past, present and future events and states. By events I don't mean specific events, but events of thematic equivalence.
As telescoped extrusions of a holographic universe we are the eyes, ears, nose, hands and minds of the universe. All information about what has happened is stored and knowledge of what will happen can be calculated. Under the right circumstances certain individuals can access such information and what is expressed is nothing less than a download from the universal computer system accurately reflecting to various degrees what has been, what is and what will be.
All of the stories I refer to as being universal share common themes, archetypes and motifs. A circular and holographic universe means a repeating script (sequence code) in which the content (characters-components) is constant and unchanging, but the outer forms (symbols, costumes, morphology) may and do vary.
The forgoing is what makes prediction possible. If you know the code's rules and sequence you can predict what is next. I must stress that we can only predict the thematic content of a given time. Our knowledge of the seasons allows us to predict that spring will come again and we may predict the thematic content of each season. Foreknowledge of the precise timing (hour-minute) and appearance-disappearance of specific human events may always be out of our reach and I don't mind that, for I like surprises, but we may know the general theme and that is warning enough.
We have seen how every phenomena follows a predetermined path from conception to death. All processes follow a standard script. Every ending has a beginning. A persistent and repeating universal patterning of the phenomenal world explains the consistency of certain story themes and features across cultures and time. But there are certain story elements in which direct experience nor the collective unconscious can account for its inclusion in the story.
Part two of this article will examine the themes, characters and elements of Alice in Wonderland in relation to my premise of myths as communiques from the undifferentiated collective (universe as whole) to the differentiated collective (humanity). Of particular focus will be those elements whose inclusion and arrangement in the story can only be explained either by random chance (misnomer or the non-locality of a holographic universe.
It's time for tea now.
The Monomyth
Collective Unconscious
Subconscious Decision making
The Holographic Universe
Synchronicity and the Holographic Universe
Albert Einsteins explication of the simultaneity of past, present and future
Remote Viewing
The Intelligent Bacterium
Psychotropic passage ways into subways of the Holographic Universe
Redefining Free Will
An incomplete View vs a Holistic View of Nature
Quantum processes require a process based language
Systems within Systems: Self-Organizing Systems from Atoms to Humanity
Digital physics
Cycles of Time
Dynamic Equilibrium
* * * * * * *
Rohaan Solare Bio-Data Stream
Dear Willi,
The following text is a bio I drafted for my website some time ago. I think it tells enough about me and provides context for the work I am presenting on my site. I am the founder, designer and author of the Emergent-Culture News website.
My cyber-publishing initiative is the result of a question I asked myself over twenty years ago, when I was a psychology major at a Northern California University.
The question was.... "How did the human world come to be what it is today?"
In other words, what are the reasons behind the types of civilizations that exist today and in particular Western Civilization?
Then a curious thing happened to me on my way to "higher education". I came across two books that would demolish what I had learned thus far about the nature of the culture I had been born into.
[ What I did not disclose in the original writing of this bio is the event that actually triggered my departure from mainstream reality. Campbell would have called it a shamanic initiation. It was an extreme psychic event. I was either reading the Hero with a Thousand Faces at the time of the psychic event or I obtained it during my psychic crisis. I share this part with you and hope you will keep it confidential. I share it because I understand that you are closely related to the Joseph Campbell foundation and thought that you would appreciate to know that particular detail. Joseph Campbell through his book was my mentor and guide during the most trying time of my life thus far. His work still guides me]
Whether we realize it or not, all of us are indoctrinated to one degree or another to accept the teachings, rules and dictates of the cultural leadership we inherit. In the modern Western world, the cultural leadership comes at us from a religious and secular worldview. Most of us in the Western world are inculcated with some version of Christianity, and all of us must submit to the governmental system.
My own inherited world view of Christianity would be upended by a book entitled 'The Hero with a Thousand Faces'. It was written by a man who, 20 years after his death, is still considered to be the world's foremost authority on comparative religion - Joseph Campbell.
Before I continue, I want my readers to understand that I neither promote nor do I disparage religion.
My point is to say that spirituality, and mythic lore have a vital and essential place in culture, but due to various intentional and unintentional cultural processes over thousands of years, their original purpose and meaning has been lost and corrupted beyond imagination.
No other learned cultural aspects affect the quality of our lives and destinies as do the religio-political leadership we have inherited. In the Western world those two agencies, despite the professed separation of church and state, are intimately related and must be understood as two sides of the same coin.
In the smallest of nutshells Joseph Campbell's research revealed that all spiritual traditions share many common themes and motifs. He also re-discovered and deciphered a forgotten language that we, the people of the Western world no longer speak and therefore do not understand.
Yet, all of the worlds spiritual traditions were constructed using this ancient language. I speak of the ancient language of metaphor, allegory, symbols and images as used to convey meaning and an understanding of life and the cosmos.
In order to make sense of our spiritual traditions we must relearn this ancient language if we wish to come to a clear and healthy understanding of where we have been and why we are where we find ourselves.
A new and proper understanding of our past and present will help us chart a new course into the future. The works of Joseph Campbell reveal to us the veiled meanings of spiritual thought. His writings provide the keys with which to unlock the wisdom and meaning stowed away in the language of our prehistorical and pre-literal past.
The other book that would greatly alter my perception of the world is entitled 'Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television', written by former advertising executive Jerry Mander.
In his landmark book Mander demonstrates how television is one of the greatest threats to our freedom and to our physical, mental and emotional well being. The other casualty of television would be culture in general. Culture would become a sales pitch and an unending series of disconnected hyper-stimulating images all designed with the intent to induce the consumption of brands and products emblazoned with those brands.
The fruits of such a culture would be over-consumption and all of the attendant socio-ecological and economic ills glaring us straight in the face at this very moment.
Mander's research also undermined the credibility of BIG Business and BIG Government in one fell swoop. I came to understand television as an instrument of social control and exploitation by those in power, over those unaware of the true nature and purpose of not only television, but of print and radio broadcasting as well.
After reading those two books and in conjunction with my own observations of the society in which I lived......I could not help but think that I had been born at a time when society had become nothing more than a mere resource to be mined and controlled at will by the religious and secular leadership.
I also came to learn that the field of psychology supplies the necessary knowledge needed to better manipulate the unwary citizen and consumer of mass media information. I did not want to contribute in any way to a cultural system which preys upon and mercilessly exploits its own people or any people for that matter.
So I left institutional learning and entered into a 25 year journey of self-education into world history, the brain-behavioral sciences and the multi-disciplinary field of cultural anthropology. My goal has been to investigate and determine the validity of my observations of the human cultural condition. My website is the result of my time spent researching how the human cultural condition came to be what it is, what keeps it that way and what I think we must do if we want a brighter future for all concerned.
I consider myself a concerned planetary citizen and an activist for socio-ecological justice.
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"Research now indicates that the subconscious is the "real brains" behind our decision making."
Rabbit Holes and the Magic Ring of Myth: The PlanetShifter.com EarthDay 2010 Event Circle Interview with Cosmologist Rohaan Solare
Discussion will occur in the
PlanetShifter.com LinkedIn Group
Please join us.
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Please Play Soundtrack Now-
Ghost of a Chance, Rush
I don't believe in destiny
Or the guiding hand of fate
I don't believe in forever
Or love as a mystical state
I don't believe in the stars or the planets
Or angels watching from above
But I believe there's a ghost of a chance we can find someone to love
And make it last...
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The collective unconscious? Hmm! Please actionize this for the average 12th Grader.
The collective unconscious may be likened to the internet together with all of the repositories of information and computers it is connected to.
The famed psychologist Carl G. Jung coined the term to describe what he thought must exist "in the ethers" in order to support what his learning and experience was revealing to him about the nature of psyche, consciousness and memory. Each one of us has the capacity to consciously access this realm, but only under very particular circumstances. Basically anything or any technique that can induce a trance state enables access. Certain individuals such as psychics are able to access the collective unconscious almost at will In theory, the collective unconscious is not only a storehouse of all human experience, but also of non-human experience and we may access the past as well as the future.
"The mythologist Joseph Campbell discovered that many of humanity's great myths share the thematic content and common patterns of development."
What are the most important thematic content and common patterns of development in the Sustainability Age?
Call it what we may, but humanity is at a crossroads of sorts and all indicators point toward great social change. There have been social revolutions in the past, but humanity is now poised for planetary scaled changes. The principle theme of our life time has been and will continue to be transition from the personal to the planetary level. The old ways are not sustainable and much less desirable. I believe our quest is an eco-friendly planetary culture and we are midwives to its birth.
How do fear and extinction impact our spirit and our ability to
create new stories, symbols and myths
Fear will suppress some and challenge others to rise above. Perhaps our worst handicap is that we have long forgotten mythos. I would say that the only real novelty we need add to our stories, symbols and myths is that they encompass humanity and be planetary in scope. Universal patterns and sequence of development are timeless, but we must now allow for new costumes and masks.
How is
Earth Day a new mythology
It's the beginning of Campbell's Planetary Mythos. We are recognizing that there are limits and that we are a single family.
Do you think that stories are
language constrained / specific; are myths
I do not think that the essential and central monomyth is language constrained. Life in one regard is very simple. Modern life and the goal of some groups to intentionally mislead has complicated life and I find that to be the largest road block to the social coherence afforded by myths. The biggest constraint I see is ego-enthocentrism and the yet to be accounted for cultural dynamic of enculturation.
Has Christianity created a "torn" psyche" in its followers has many struggle with the values in
ecology vs. the historic guidance and principles in Abrahamism
I understand a worldview as a reflection of the internal state of the story teller and the Judeo-Christian story reveals a tortured and torn psyche. Insult is heaped on injury when our political leaders wave the wand of The Cross in order to orchestrate political agendas.
"A holographic universe presumes an underlying order capable of relating everything to everything else and a system to account for what has been, what is and what will be."
Are you supporting a type of manifest destiny or pre-determinism for homo sapiens? Fate, for all of Earth?
There is a fair amount of scientific evidence and good arguments for a deterministic universe. Ideas of fate and destiny are ancient and widespread. I believe it is one of the essential questions that we all struggle with. Thus far I do sense and believe that we are all following a script.
How does
rock music influence the creation of myth
Hmm.... I would have to say that it ranges from the negligible to counter-productive.
Why are alternative nature-based or green religions rising up?
I would say that the strength of any insurrection would be a measure of felt oppression. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Please give us a few hot green prophesies.
How about some hot green organic peppers instead. Prophecy as I have come to understand it is knowledge of the systematic and cyclical nature of life's themes and patterns of development. I take my clues from the Maya-Meso-American Calendrical System (MMAC), aka the much maligned and misunderstood "Mayan Calendar." When properly understood, MMAC is a measure of cycles and the study of the thematic content associated with each cycle and cycle phase. Presently we are completing a Maya processional cycle of 26,000 tun (25,626 years). In a Maya processional cycle each "season" is 6500 tun (6407) years
December 21, 2012 is the end of a "winter season" and it signals the the start of a new "Great Year." We will have reached a galactic solstice of sorts and the trend at least symbolically is towards the emergence of spring. We hear the phrase "Mayan prophecies" yet none exist. The ancient Maya did not leave anything we could construe as prophetic text. We found a stone monument with a date and there is a mural depicting the symbolic birth of a new precessional cycle but that's it.
The emergence of new socio-cultural trends are evident and their growth is being fueled by development of the planetary brain---the internet. The promise of an interconnected populace bodes tremendous possibilities for humanity.
Is TV killing myth
Indeed.... perhaps the greatest hazard to the individual and hence society is the shallow and degenerate content thrust at developing minds. Huge swaths of the population have become addicted to autonomic dopamine discharges. The mainstream media story tell us that our highest glory lies with overindulgence and material acquisition. We have before us the results of such a story.
Instinct vs. Soul. Which one will transform us in this present global crisis? Why?
I believe that in a idealized state they work in tandem. Survival issues provide motivation for the least aware and I do believe that the critical mass needed to guide those awakening at the last moments are present and at the ready. Billions yearn for less strife and more cooperation. The question is can those billions coordinate their yearnings into a force capable to altering the dominant cultural mode? Soul yearning in the end is what has compelled the critical mass to break out of instinctual patterns and that is where the discoveries are made and the treasures are found. Novelty enters the spirit of those on the hero's journey and they make their way back to deliver their boon.
To me, your writing is akin to a new open human code for inspecting and advancing cultural. Fair? What are your professional goals?
Yes that's a fair description. And you ask a good question. My writing venture is new terrain for me. The art and science of Maya-Meso American calendrics (MMAC) bodes enormous possibilities for the future of humankind. Now let me translate "calendrics" into the Art and Science of Synchronicity and human relationship dynamics and you can understand why I believe it holds so much promise. Every human domain is affected by what the ancient Meso-Americans discovered about nature. My goal is to create a research and educational institute centered around the dissemination and application of the Art and Science of Synchronicity as based upon my understanding of MMAC.
Can we create a "critical mass dream" so our
individual dreams can combine and move us
The collective dream is taking shape right before our eyes. We've been on auto-pilot for our entire evolutionary period and we are now being forced to wake up and assume a conscious evolution. Our present mission is to recognize that we are undergoing a self-organizing process that now necessitates that we become conscious and responsible our actions-inactions and their consequences. Emerging cultural trends need a banner (mythos) under which to band together. Campbell gave us the biggest clue. We need a planetary scaled mythos pronto.
"Who invented circadian cycles?"
Circadian cycles are life's response to the day-night cycle.
"The Tzolkin Code alerts us to the thematic script we are all following and provides us with the full set of instructions permitting us to see just how interconnected and synchronized everything is."Tell us about your work on the Tzolkin Code.
My work involves showing how Tzolkin Science relates to Western science and in particular to the physics and chemistry branches. Thus far I have shown how the Tzolkin Code shares a one to one relationship with the genetic code. I have also shown how the numbers underpinning the Tzolkin code manifest themselves from the sub-atomic realm of quarks to stars and the code of life itself.
I've done 3 three studies linking pronounced seismic, volcanic and solar activity with certain key Tzolkin cycle days.
I am developing learning modules so the layperson can use Tzolkin knowledge to enrich their day to day lives in a number of ways. I have plans to take the knowledge to organizations and research institutions. Any and all research institutions must be aware of the cycles and how the different cycle phases will affect their research and test results. I am just blowing some dust off the surface at present. I am convinced that the Tzolkin Cycle represents one of the greatest discoveries of all time and bear in mind that it was discovered over 3000 years ago. Needless to say a few lifetimes of work will be needed to fully explore and develop the potential inherent in this magnificent body of knowledge.
Many are talking about a major collapse in the world economy and a catastrophic period of anger and hunger. Do you see this near-term scenario? In not, what is your perception of the next 2-5 years on the planet?
We go through these shake ups every time the sun reaches the most active period of its 11 year cycle. The question is is how intense will the shake up be? Thus far it has already broken records...."the worst depression since the Great depression"--- and sun just started waking up 6 months ago. Solar activity is expected to peak in late 2012 to early 2013. Meaning we "ain't seen nothing yet." We are seeing the prevailing culture falter and the emerging culture surge. As put I put it, the catastrophe is upon us and it's called Western civilization 1.0 gasping for air as it strives to maintain the status quo at all costs. 2012 is fabled as some sort of turning point. Will it be the turning point so many of us are wanting? I say may everyone do their part to make it so sooner than later.
Is sustainability
like a new religion
I see it as an important facet of the new mythos.
* * * * * * *
Emergent Culture
The Web Site by Rohaan Solare
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text:
Are Entrepreneurs Down in the Dumps?
The Dow Jones industrial average has been setting records, passing the 13,000 mark for the first time last week. But the news from Main Street has not exactly been matching up to that coming out of Wall Street. In fact, three surveys of entrepreneurs released this month showed that small-business owners are more pessimistic about the national economy and the future than they have been in several years.
Consider the March Economic Trends report (www.nfib.com/page/sbet), released in early April by the National Federation of Independent Business. It shows that the percentage of independent business owners citing the current period as a "good time to expand" fell six points to 12%. The net percent of owners who expect the economy to be better in six months than it is today fell five points to 7%.
The annual DAK Group/Columbia Business School study (/www.dakgroup.com/survey/2006SurveySummary.pdf), which surveys 703 privately held companies whose revenues range from $5 to $100 million, reported similar declines. For the first time since 2003, the number of respondents who say they expect to see a boost in their revenues in the next year decreased.
According to this year's survey, the number of respondents expecting revenue to increase in 2007 declined to 83%. (Some 89% said they expected revenue increases in 2006.) And only 71% of respondents said they expect to see revenue growth in their industries, down from 79% in 2006.
Insurance Woes
Finally, a survey (/www.nsba.biz/docs/surveyfinal.pdf) released last week by the National Small Business Assn. showed that only 29% of small-business owners expect continued national economic expansion in 2007. In 2000, when the group conducted a similar survey, 62% responded positively to the same question. When asked to compare today's economy with that of five years ago, 43% said the economy is in worse shape today (see BusinessWeek.com, 4/24/07, "Changing Concerns for Entrepreneurs").
Why the declining optimism, and why is it coming from entrepreneurs—a notoriously cheery group? The surveys show that trouble getting access to capital and problems caused by the increasing cost of employee health insurance topped the lists of small business woes.
One of the toughest challenges—listed in the NSBA survey by 39% of respondents— was the cost of health insurance. In the group's 1993 survey, 61% of respondents said they offered medical coverage for their employees. By this year, that number had dropped to 41%.
Among the business owners surveyed this year, 71% said they supported health-care reforms that would require universal coverage. The same percentage, however, rejected the notion that employers should be legally required to provide insurance benefits.
Still An Optimistic Breed
Another major concern—which surfaced among 31% of respondents to the NSBA survey— was access to capital, with 67% reporting that they can secure adequate financing. That's a nine-percentage-point drop from the group's 2000 survey, when 76% said they had sufficient access to business financing.
The smallest companies—those with four or fewer employees—reported that they have the greatest struggles to get adequate financing. Those micro-businesses are more likely to lean on credit cards with high interest rates and fees to finance their companies, the survey showed.
The news is not all bad, especially when it comes to entrepreneurs assessing their own chances for business success. More than 80% of NSBA survey respondents said they are optimistic about their companies, with 68% saying they expect gross revenues to increase in the next 12 months, and 65% saying they expect net profits to increase.
The NFIB report showed a three-point rise in the percentage of entrepreneurs planning to make capital outlays. And in the DAK/Columbia study, while the number of respondents who expect their businesses to increase in value in the next year decreased, it was still at 75%—a large majority.
Another bright spot: A first-of-its-kind generational study conducted by American Express (AEXP) showed that a majority of Generation Y and Baby Boomer entrepreneurs are optimistic about the state of the U.S. economy. And large majorities—76% and 90%, respectively—of Gen Yers and Boomers described opening their own companies as "a good idea."


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text:
Volume 899 of the series Methods in Molecular Biology pp 1-26
Therapeutic Proteins
- Dimiter S. DimitrovAffiliated withProtein Interactions Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Email author
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
Protein-based therapeutics are highly successful in clinic and currently enjoy unprecedented recognition of their potential. More than 100 genuine and similar number of modified therapeutic proteins are approved for clinical use in the European Union and the USA with 2010 sales of US$108 bln; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) accounted for almost half (48%) of the sales. Based on their pharmacological activity, they can be divided into five groups: (a) replacing a protein that is deficient or abnormal; (b) augmenting an existing pathway; (c) providing a novel function or activity; (d) interfering with a molecule or organism; and (e) delivering other compounds or proteins, such as a radionuclide, cytotoxic drug, or effector proteins. Therapeutic proteins can also be grouped based on their molecular types that include antibody-based drugs, Fc fusion proteins, anticoagulants, blood factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, engineered protein scaffolds, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, interferons, interleukins, and thrombolytics. They can also be classified based on their molecular mechanism of activity as (a) binding non-covalently to target, e.g., mAbs; (b) affecting covalent bonds, e.g., enzymes; and (c) exerting activity without specific interactions, e.g., serum albumin. Most protein therapeutics currently on the market are recombinant and hundreds of them are in clinical trials for therapy of cancers, immune disorders, infections, and other diseases. New engineered proteins, including bispecific mAbs and multispecific fusion proteins, mAbs conjugated with small molecule drugs, and proteins with optimized pharmacokinetics, are currently under development. However, in the last several decades, there are no conceptually new methodological developments comparable, e.g., to genetic engineering leading to the development of recombinant therapeutic proteins. It appears that a paradigm change in methodologies and understanding of mechanisms is needed to overcome major challenges, including resistance to therapy, access to targets, complexity of biological systems, and individual variations.
Key wordsTherapeutics Proteins Antibodies Vaccines Cancer Immune diseases Immunogenicity Safety Efficacy
Protocol Metrics
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- Title
- Therapeutic Proteins
- Book Title
- Therapeutic Proteins
- Book Subtitle
- Methods and Protocols
- Pages
- pp 1-26
- Copyright
- 2012
- 10.1007/978-1-61779-921-1_1
- Print ISBN
- 978-1-61779-920-4
- Online ISBN
- 978-1-61779-921-1
- Series Title
- Methods in Molecular Biology
- Series Volume
- 899
- Series Subtitle
- Methods and Protocols
- Series ISSN
- 1064-3745
- Publisher
- Humana Press
- Copyright Holder
- Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Therapeutics
- Proteins
- Antibodies
- Vaccines
- Cancer
- Immune diseases
- Immunogenicity
- Safety
- Efficacy
- Industry Sectors
- eBook Packages
- Editors
- Vladimir Voynov (ID1)
- Justin A. Caravella (ID2)
- Editor Affiliations
- ID1. MedImmune, LLC
- ID2. , Department of Physical Biochemistry, Biogen Idec
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Protein Interactions Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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