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Low temperature CO sensitive nanostructured WO3 thin films doped with Fe
Ahsan, Mohammed, Tesfamichael, Tuquabo, Ionescu, Mehail, Bell, John M., & Motta, Nunzio (2012) Low temperature CO sensitive nanostructured WO3 thin films doped with Fe. Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, 162(1), pp. 14-21.
Accepted Version
(PDF 561kB)
Nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film based gas sensors have been developed by thermal evaporation method to detect CO at low operating temperatures. The influence of Fe-doping and annealing heat treatment on microstructural and gas sensing properties of these films have been investigated. Fe was incorporated in WO3 film by co-evaporation and annealing was performed at 400oC for 2 hours in air. AFM analysis revealed a grain size of about 10-15 nm in all the films. GIXRD analysis showed that as-deposited films are amorphous and annealing at 400oC improved the crystallinity. Raman and XRD analysis indicated that Fe is incorporated in the WO3 matrix as a substitutional impurity, resulting in shorter O-W-O bonds and lattice cell parameters. Doping with Fe contributed significantly towards CO sensing performance of WO3 thin films. A good response to various concentrations (10-1000 ppm) of CO has been achieved with 400oC annealed Fe-doped WO3 film at a low operating temperature of 150oC.
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|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|Tungsten oxide, Nanostructured thin films, Fe doping, Thermal evaporation, CO gas sensing
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > PHYSICAL SCIENCES (020000) > CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS (020400)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > ENGINEERING (090000) > MATERIALS ENGINEERING (091200)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > TECHNOLOGY (100000) > NANOTECHNOLOGY (100700)
|Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering
Past > Schools > School of Engineering Systems
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2011 Elsevier
|Copyright Statement:
|This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, Volume 162, Issue 1 (2012). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.038
|Deposited On:
|22 Dec 2011 22:16
|Last Modified:
|09 Sep 2013 02:51
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Harvester Poole
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Eat out at home with your favourite Harvester and order a takeaway online. Choose your favourite dishes from our takeaway menu and let our chefs at Harvester Harvester Poole in Parkstone do the work. Grab a salad box and head to our famous Harvester salad bar while your food is cooked and prepared to take home. What better way to spend a family night in?
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Moderators: hunt-chessies, Ichabod97, BigBend
hunt-chessies wrote:hey if you ever want to get together and train some pups let me know. I think were in the same general area. I have two dogs im running right now and working on a buddys pup. Always looknig for training partners. makes life easier!!
Congrats on the hard work paying off!!!
hunt-chessies wrote:if your ever over in jax or want to come on over and run pups let me know!! i dont do much during season but as soon as youth season ends im at it nearly every weekend and several days a week after work!!
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Pagara-Montoya rematch August 18th
The rematch between Jason Pagara (28-2, 17 KOs) of the Philippines and Rosbel Montoya (16-3-1, 13 KOs) of Mexico is set for August 18th in Cebu City, Philippines. Montoya shocked Pagara last September defeating Pagara by unanimous decision ending Pagara's 17 fight win streak. Montoya opened many eyes at the initial press conference for that fight by claiming he had an actual record of 34-4-1, 29 KOs and not the 12-2-1, 11 KOs mark that was announced. No one knows what Montoya's actual record is, but Pagara is said to be in tremendous shape and ready to reverse the outcome. The fight will once again be at the Cebu City Waterfront Hotel & Casino and is promoted by ALA Boxing promotions. While the first bout was a ten-rounder, the rematch is scheduled for 12 rounds with the WBO International jr. welterweight championship on the line along with a likely world ranking for the winner.


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- fueguina Species
- Parborlasia Genus
- Lineiformes Suborder
- Heteronemertea Order
- Anopla Class
- Nemertea Phylum
Geographic Distribution
Bathymetric Specimen Dispersal
68 individual specimens found for Parborlasia fueguina.
Parborlasia fueguina Species
- Parborlasia fueguina Gibson, 1985; p.194-204; Figs.44-48.
Original Description
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Original Description
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"Parborlasia fueguina Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968
Parborlasia fueguina Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968, 1969a, b; Gibson, 1978.
Material examined
Six specimens, collected by 5' Blake trawl between 646 and 845 m depth east of the Falkland Islands, 51°58'S, 56°38'W to 52°01'S, 56°38'W (USNS Eltanin Cruise 7, Station 558), 14 March 1963: USNM 81538, 81539; AM W.5910. W.5911; one specimen collected by diving from 7 m depth southwest of Anvers Island, Antarctic Peninsula, 64°46'36"S, 64°03'29"W (R/V Hero Station AH4- 25), 25 January 1969: USNM 81540; 42 specimens collected by Blake trawl between 13 and 29 m depth in Canal Whiteside, between Isla Dawson and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, 53°49'18"S, 70°25'00"W (R/V Hero Cruise 70-2, Station 488), 29 April 1970: USNM 81541-81543; one specimen collected by Petersen grab from 46 m depth in Bismarck Strait, south of Anvers Island, Antarctic Peninsula, 64°53'06"S, 64°04'00"W (R/V Hero Cruise 72-1, Station 964), 6 December 1971: USNM 81554; seven specimens collected by Blake trawl between 38 and 74 m depth near Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands. 62°16'42"S, 58°34'00"W to 62°17'30"S, 58°34'36"W (R/V Hero Cruise 72-1, Station 703), 21 December 1971: USNM 81544-81546; eight specimens collected by Blake trawl between 55 and 78 m depth near Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, 62°17'30"S, 58°34'36"W to 62°17'54"S, 58°34'36"W (R/V Hero Cruise 72-1, Station 704), 21 December 1971: USNM 81547-81549; 10 specimens collected by Blake trawl between 64 and 82 m depth near Robert Island. South Shetland Islands, 62°19'18"S, 59°11'48"W to 62°19'12"S, 59°11'42"W (R/V Hero Cruise 72-1, Station 726), 26 December 1971: USNM 81550-81553; two specimens collected by 10' Blake trawl between 27 and 40 m depth north of South Georgia, 53°57'30"S, 37°20'42"W (ARA Islas Orcadas Cruise 575, Station 21), 16 May 1975: USNM 81555, 81556; one specimen collected by 5' Blake trawl from 90 m depth near Saunders Island, South Sandwich Islands, 57°47'12"S, 26°22'12"W (ARA Islas Orcadas Cruise 575, Station 56), 27 May 1975: USNM 81557.
External features
Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 172) noted that the general appearance and colour of Parborlasia fueguina "están ligadas al estado de actividad de los individuos. Contraidos, son rollizos y oscuros; relajados, acintados y mas claros . . . La coloration del cuerpo, más pálida en la región ventral, varía del borravino al castaño-rojizo". Though not specifically stated, their comments presumably refer to the living worms. The preserved examples examined during the present studies are quite variable in shape (Fig. 44); they range in length from 3 to 75 mm, the largest having a maximum width of about 7 mm.
The head is either blunt and slightly tapering or rounded; the condition observed by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 172) that, "Una ligera constricción limita la extremidad cefálica" applies to few of the present specimens. The body is rounded, the epidermal surface usually appearing slightly to moderately wrinkled. On the ventral surface the mouth is mostly small and rounded but occasionally appears as a compressed longitudinal slit. Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 172) commented that "La boca es una abertura muy contractil, que se muestra como un largo y fino surco con bordes más pálidos, o una abertura conspicua de gruesos labios".
The colour of the preserved animals ranges from a dirty white to dull fawn-yellow, fawn-brown or mid-brown. No trace of the yellow band associated with
the posterior parts of the cephalic slits (Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968) could be distinguished.
The internal anatomy of Parborlasia fueguina has been neither fully described nor adequately illustrated; the following account is thus supplementary to that provided by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968).
Body wall, musculature and parenchyma
The organization of the epidermis, subepidermal muscle layers, dermis and main body wall muscles have been described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968) and are illustrated in Fig. 45A.
The musculature of the head principally consists of loosely arranged bundles of longitudinal fibres posteriorly continuous with the main outer longitudinal muscles. A distinct central cylinder is present (Fig. 45B), comprising outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers which together enclose the cephalic lacuna and rhynchodaeum. Oblique and radial muscle strands lead peripherally from the circular layer of this central cylinder.
Behind the cerebral ganglia the origin of the circular splanchnic musculature (Fig. 45C) is as described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968). These muscles (Fig. 45D) are 30 µm or more thick in the anterior foregut region and enclose both the epithelium and underlying subepithelial glands. As noted by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968), the circular splanchnic muscle coat is gradually diminished posteriorly and terminates at the start of the intestine without forming a sphincter. Gibson (1983) reported that in Parborlasia corrugatus loosely arranged longitudinal muscle fibres running between the foregut subepithelial glands constituted an inner splanchnic muscle stratum; traces of a comparable layer can also be distinguished in Parborlasia fueguina. Neither the inner splanchnic muscles nor the subepithelial gland cell zone were mentioned by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968).
Weakly developed dorsoventral muscles cross between the lateral diverticula in the intestinal regions of the body.
Apart from comprising the usually well developed boundary or basement membranes which invest or underlie the various organs and epithelia, connective tissues also form an abundant parenchyma in the intestinal regions of the body; this is especially evident in sexually immature individuals.
Proboscis apparatus
The subterminal proboscis pore opens into a tubular rhynchodaeum. The rhynchodaeal epithelium, 15-35 µm thick, is non-glandular but possesses cilia in its more anterior regions (Fig. 45E); in a few individuals the epithelium is pouched in a manner similar to that described for Parborlasia corrugatus. Just in front of the brain the rhynchodaeum narrows and is enclosed by a sphincter of circular muscles 25-30 µm thick (Fig. 45B). Immediately behind this is the proboscis insertion.
The rhynchocoel reaches almost to the hind end of the body. For most of its length it possesses a normally constructed wall with separate muscle layers, the circular fibres not being interwoven with the adjacent body wall inner longitudinal muscles. Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 175) noted that the circular layer "se entrecruza con el músculo circular corporal"; in only a few places could similar fibre links be observed among the present specimens. The principal feature of the rhynchocoel, briefly described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968), is its large ventral diverticulum which protrudes into the foregut lumen (Figs 45F, G, 46A). In most examples the diverticulum extends for about 75% of the foregut length, but may be somewhat shorter. The wall of the diverticulum differs from that of the main rhynchocoel in being very much thinner and lined by a delicate epithelium and slender muscle layers; the thin connective tissue stratum situated between the longitudinal muscles and epithelium of the rhynchocoel is also not distinguishable in the diverticular wall. In some individuals the diverticulum is not as well developed and is reduced to a spacious ventral outpushing of the rhynchocoel wall; in these instances, however, similar reductions in the construction of the pouch wall are still apparent.
The morphology of the main proboscis region, shown in Fig. 46B, agrees with that described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968). In its extreme posterior region (Fig. 46C) the proboscis narrows, its epithelium is reduced in height, only longitudinal muscle fibres are distinguishable and the endothelium, though remaining thin, is rather more distinct. A short anterior region, joining the main chamber with the proboscis insertion, is also recognizable (Fig. 46D). This consists of a flattened epithelium which entirely lacks gland cells, a well developed longitudinal muscle layer enclosing two large nerves, and a delicate endothelium.
The proboscis retractor muscle is attached to the dorsal wall of the rhynchocoel some distance in front of its posterior end.
Alimentary canal
The mouth opens immediately behind the brain. Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 174) said of the foregut that "El epitelio del esófago es simple, cilíndrico, ciliado y está formado por células muy alias que alternan con dos tipos de glándulas, unas basófilas y las otras conteniendo gruesos gránulos acidófilos. Ambas ocupan todo el espesor de los pliegues que regularmente limitan el lumen esofágico, y se extienden hasta el músculo esplácnico, no advirtiéndose membrana basal". In all the present specimens, although no clear basal membrane can be distinguished, it is evident that the foregut wall comprises an outer epithelium up to 30 µm or more thick and an inner subepithelial gland cell zone of variable depth depending upon whether it is between or below epithelial folds (Fig. 45D). The epithelium is predominantly composed of acidophilic glands interspersed with ciliated support cells, whereas the subepithelial layer contains approximately equal numbers of both acido- and basophilic glands. In the posterior regions the subepithelial glands may extend outside the circular splanchnic muscle layer.
Where the dorsal foregut wall is penetrated or distended by the rhynchocoelic diverticulum both the splanchnic and subepithelial gland cell layers are missing and the epithelium is reduced to a flattened sheet of cells.
Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968) describe a conical valve between the foregut and intestine. A similar structure occurs in many of the present specimens (Fig. 46E), whilst in others the dorsal gastrodermal wall extends further forwards than the ventral and the valve appears like a ventral flap-like fold (Fig. 46F). Such differences are probably caused by contraction or extension at the time of preservation.
The intestine exhibits a normal heteronemertean construction except in its extreme posterior region, where it is involved with the blood system (p. 200). For most of its length the intestine bears deeply lobed lateral diverticula. The anus is terminal. Gut contents in some of the specimens include accumulations of diatom and dinoflagellate fragments, inorganic debris, broken spines and chitinous structures somewhat similar to molluscan radula teeth.
Blood system
In the head the median cephalic lacuna (Fig. 45B, E) separates into two lateral vessels at the proboscis insertion. These vessels extend into the cerebral ring and meet below the rhynchocoel in a U-shaped duct which almost immediately separates off the mid-dorsal branch (Fig. 46G). Connective tissue and muscle fibres then split off the base of the U so that near the rear of the ventral commissure there are four longitudinal blood channels, one mid-ventral, one mid-dorsal (and here forming the anterior portion of the rhynchocoelic villus) and two lateral (Fig. 46H). Behind the brain the mid-ventral channel expands (Fig. 45C) and then divides medially, each half joining the lateral vessel on the appropriate side of the body (Fig. 47A). The two spacious lacunae so formed are then subdivided by radial muscle and connective tissue strands to form the origin of the foregut vascular plexus; this extends the full length of the foregut between the body wall inner longitudinal and circular splanchnic muscle layers (Fig. 45D).
The mid-dorsal vessel forms a short rhynchocoelic villus (Fig. 46H) which ends a short distance behind the cerebral organs. The course of this vessel where it runs in the wall of the rhynchocoelic diverticulum could rarely be seen in the present specimens but appears to conform with that described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968).
The branches of the foregut plexus posteriorly coalesce to provide a pair of thick-walled ventrolateral vessels. Both these and the mid-dorsal vessel possess distinct connective tissue epithelial basement membranes (Fig. 47B). Throughout the intestinal length the lateral vessels are irregularly dilated and then appear thinner walled; they may even be temporarily subdivided (Fig. 47C). Slender pseudometameric transverse connectives linking the mid-dorsal and lateral vessels can be seen in several places.
In the posterior intestinal regions of some specimens the mid-dorsal vessel is either enormously dilated (Fig. 47D) or forms a slender ventral branch leading towards the gut lumen (Fig. 47E, F). Although the gastrodermis bordering these ventral extensions of the vessel is extremely thin (often only 2-3 µm), the blood spaces retain their distinct lining membranes and do not directly communicate with the intestinal cavity. Near the anus both the mid-dorsal and lateral vessels are enlarged and lacuna-like (Fig. 47G), vacuolate regions often being distinguishable in the gastrodermis immediately adjacent to the lacunae. This arrangement was briefly noted by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968), who subsequently (1969b) concluded that connections between the rhynchocoel, blood system and vacuolate parenchyma in the posterior end of the body were indicative of rectal respiration.
Nervous system
The general organization of the cerebral ganglia and main lateral nerve cords was described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968).
The peripheral nerves are well developed. Amongst these nerves leading inwards near the anterior roots of the lateral nerve cords (Fig. 47H) meet just in front of the mouth at a thick transverse commissure (Fig. 45C), then continuing posteriorly, completing the buccal nerve ring and separating to provide the foregut neural plexus. The branches of this plexus form a circum-alimentary commissure at the junction between foregut and intestine.
Sense organs
Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968: 172) stated that, "En estos animales no se advierten ocelos". Though not consistently distinguishable, several of the present specimens contain up to 22 oval or spherical simple eyes, about 45-50 µm in maximum diameter, on each side of the head situated near the innermost margins of the cephalic slits (Fig. 48A).
A frontal organ similar to that described by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968) can be distinguished in some of the present nemerteans. The cephalic glands are irregularly scattered between the muscle fibres of the anterior head region.
The internal epithelium of the cephalic slits (Fig. 48B) is identical to that reported by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968). At their rear the slits form deep intramuscular canals with three pouches (Fig. 48C); the dorsal and ventral pouches end blindly, but the median chambers lead to the ciliated cerebral canals. These enter the large and well developed cerebral organs, which consist of central neuroganglionic tissue surrounded by extensive and primarily acidophilic gland cells (Fig. 48D). Some of the glands anteriorly intrude into the dorsal ganglionic lobes (Fig. 48E).
Excretory system
The collecting tubules of the excretory system extend from just behind the mouth along the lateral borders of the foregut. They are thick-walled (8-15 µm) and intimately involved with branches of the foregut vascular plexus, which they frequently penetrate (Fig. 48F). Towards the rear of the excretory system, at about mid-foregut level, one of the collecting tubules on each side leads to an efferent duct. This passes over the lateral nerve cord and discharges via a lateral nephridiopore.
Reproductive system
The sexes are separate. The gonads form spacious chambers situated between the pouches of the intestinal diverticula. No unusual features can be distinguished in the reproductive system.
One individual contains large numbers of parasites encysted in the body wall muscle layers, cerebral ganglia, lateral nerve cords and foregut subepithelial gland cell zone. The parasites appear to represent two developmental stages. Smaller examples (Fig. 48G) are spherical, 45-70 µm in diameter and comprise an acellular core of coarsely granular material enclosed by tightly packed concentric layers of an acidophilic substance. Larger, and presumably older, stages are spherical to ovoid, 180-200 µm in diameter, with a similar but bigger granular core, the concentric lamellae interspersed with a 'sandwich filling' of finely granular cytoplasm, and a peripheral zone in which separate cells containing nuclei 5-8 µm across can be distinguished. Both stages are
encapsulated in a structureless layer 2-3 µm wide; in some of the larger parasites this outer layer contains minute refractile granules. The identity of the parasites remains unknown.
Systematic discussion
The organization of the cephalic slits, proboscis, blood system, dermis and
foregut, together with the absence of a caudal cirrus and neurochords, clearly establishes the Antarctic worms as members of the genus Parborlasia; other genera share some of these characters (Gibson, 1981a), but the present combination is not found elsewhere amongst the Lineidae. Of the four species of Parborlasia known only Parborlasia fueguina possesses both a rhynchocoelic diverticulum and a conical valve at the junction between foregut and intestine; the presence of these features in the Antarctic nemerteans thus identifies them as Parborlasia fueguina.
A comparison between the present description and that originally given by Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968), however, reveals a number of discrepancies which require discussion.
Neither the longitudinal splanchnic musculature nor foregut subepithelial gland cell zone were mentioned by the original authors. Although no definite basal membrane can be distinguished in the present examples, the occurrence of separate epithelial and subepithelial layers is confirmed by the way in which the former has come away from the foregut wall in less well preserved individuals. Radial muscle fibres which traverse the body wall of most heteronemerteans often end internally between the glands of the foregut subepithelial layer, when one is present, but never penetrate the epithelium itself. Serna de Esteban & Moretto's (1968: 174) comment that the radial fibres "perderse entre las glándulas del esófago" thus suggests that their species does possess a subepithelial glandular layer around the foregut which was probably overlooked because of the absence of a discernible basement membrane. Similarly, the inner longitudinal splanchnic musculature, consisting of isolated fibres, is often difficult to detect between the subepithelial glands and could easily have been missed; it is only recently (Gibson, 1983) that these splanchnic muscles and subepithelial glands have been described from Parborlasia corrugatus, despite this being the best known Antarctic heteronemertean species.
Eyes are distinguishable in many of the present nemerteans, yet Serna de Esteban & Moretto (1968) found none in their specimens. Nemertean eyes often cannot be demonstrated except in histological preparations and, in the present specimens, close microscopic examination was often needed to distinguish between the eyes and cephalic nerves in sections through the head. It is concluded that the original authors either overlooked the ocelli in their material or based their observation purely on external appearances.
Geographical distribution
Parborlasia fueguina has previously been recorded from only one locality, the Bay of Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego (approximately 54°49'S, 68°18'W (Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968). The present studies thus extend the known range of the species (Fig. 49), which has now been recovered from depths down to 646-845 m."
(Gibson, 1985; 194-204)
Displaying 10 of 20 Specimens
|Type Status
|Catalog No.
|Date Collected
|Depth (m)
|South Atlantic Ocean
|646 – 845
|Eltanin R/V
|South Atlantic Ocean
|646 – 845
|Eltanin R/V
|Antarctic Ocean
|Hero R/V
|South Atlantic Ocean
|13 – 29
|Hero R/V
|South Atlantic Ocean
|13 – 29
|Hero R/V
|South Atlantic Ocean
|13 – 29
|Hero R/V
|Antarctic Ocean
|38 – 74
|Hero R/V
|Antarctic Ocean
|38 – 74
|Hero R/V
|Antarctic Ocean
|38 – 74
|Hero R/V
|Antarctic Ocean
|55 – 78
|Hero R/V
Displaying 10 of 20 Specimens
View all species collected at same locations as Parborlasia fueguina


text:
The Little Buzzers
A cute cartoon, inspired by unadulterated rage and hatred.
The Little Freakin' Knight!
Battle for the Portal
The Newgrounds Portal is at war with itself!
Speechless. Okay, wait....
Over the last three and a half years I've thought about the teaser you put out for this so many times; maybe once or twice every month, which is a lot considering nothing had reminded me of it. It was just a curiosity that stuck with me. I've gone back to watch it numerous times, yearning to know what was going to happen.
Your character already shows enough personality that it makes me think of her as more than a character; it's what I love to read in books, see in movies and art... and it's even more thrilling to see it in animation. I can't wait to get to know her better as the story progresses.
You're inspirational. Thank you.
Too Awesome
I've been waiting for this forever. So far, it's been just as good as I thought it would be.
Why so soon?
Why did you make this one so short?
I was biting my nails by the time they caused an emp like wave, then you just cut it to black leaving me wanting to see more.
It is amazing, I hope I'll be in time to see the final part of the first episode,
Now I see why it took you four years give or take.
I Love You
Here. Take this muffin.
This flash doesn't really need a review. Just watch it guys.
The detail was perfect, story is going perfect, the suspense, although a bit evil, is doing what it's made for.


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21-Month-Old's Death Will Not be in Vain
Now a group of foster parents in Frederick County, Maryland are speaking out, and say they think the reunification process is flawed.
"There are a lot of wonderful people that work in social services and we don't blame the social workers, we blame the system. We've felt this was going to happen we were waiting for this to happen," said Cindi Webb, who was a foster parent for 24 children over seven years.
Cindi Webb and Cathy Sipocz have fostered a total of 39 children between the two of them, and say they want to see changes in the reunification process.
"There's almost nothing we can say, we can't bring her back, we can't but we can continue our mission and that is to get some things changed so this doesn't happen anymore," said Cathy Sipocz, a foster mom of seven years.
After Anayah's death we reached out to the Frederick County Department of Social Services, and they referred us to
"There are flaws in any system, and the important thing is to work together to take these kinds of tragedies and turn them into positives," said Arnold Eby, president of the Maryland Resource Parents Association.
"The process in place is a good process and I think with regard to proving cases, we have to prove them beyond reasonable doubt and unfortunately, you have a child that can't speak and no witnesses of the event," said State's Attorney Charlie Smith.
Smith says the child abuse was obvious, though they could never prove who abused Anayah.
"We've met about this, about our concerns and this is kind of the nightmare that comes true," said Webb.
Webb and Sipocz say they've been meeting with other foster parents in the community over the last two years about their concerns. They say Anayah's death will not be in vain, and they will continue to push for changes within the foster care system.


text:
A bit of old news, but this is just so cute.
According to the Christmas 2006 issue of People magazine, Jeffrey Dean Morgan had to learn to play the guitar for his part in this film in a very short time. His guitar instructor was Nancy Wilson of the band Heart. Morgan was thrilled to take lessons from her because, in his own words, "I had such a crush on her as a kid."
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text:
Silver Ashtray With Cigarette Holder Lid
Out of Stock
Preorder Available! This product is on the way and will be in stock soon. Pre-ordering will let you receive yours as fast as possible because preorders ship first!
The Silver Ashtray With Cigarette Holder Lid is currently out of stock. Don't worry though, more are already on the way and will be available soon!Receive In-Stock Notification:
Product Description
This fantastic silver ashtray has a unique and interesting benefit: it's flip-up lid has a cigarette holder on the other side! This allows you to rest your cigarette with the tip facing into the ashtray so that any excess material will simply drop in.
The ashtray itself is circular in design and the lid is easy to flip upwards, revealing plenty of space inside.
Technical Specifications
ashtrays Metal diameter 51mm height 21mm material Metal


text: Bruce A. Manzer CANANDAIGUA - Bruce A. Manzer, age 56, passed away unexpectedly, on Saturday, May 4, 2013, at Strong Memorial Hospital. He is survived by two sons, Aaron and Jordan Manzer; loving companion, Kristin Quayle and her daughters, Christina Scheele, Cay-Leigh Delforte and Ciara (Paul) Lindholm; grandchildren, Cameron Bulbulian and Kaylabree Lindholm; two brothers, Forrest "Woody" (Jane) Manzer and Bryan Manzer (Kathleen Corcoran); three sisters, Judy (Jamie) Ridley, Jan Davis and Joyce (Vic) French; former wife, Tina Manzer; and many nieces and nephews. He was predeceased by his parents, Albert and Jean Manzer. Bruce was a graduate of Midlakes High School, class of 1974. He earned an associate's degree from Alfred Tech. Bruce was a journeyman electrician and a member of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 86. He was employed at O'Connell Electric in Fishers for over 30 years. Bruce formerly coached his sons' youth lacrosse teams and was active with the Canandaigua Lacrosse Boosters. He enjoyed fishing, golfing, softball, volleyball and travel. Most of all, he loved spending time with his family. Friends may call tomorrow (Wednesday) from 4 to 7 p.m. at Johnson-Kennedy Funeral Home Inc., 47 N. Main St., Canandaigua. Services are private. Interment will be in Resthaven Cemetery, Phelps. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Upstate New York Chapter, 1650 South Ave., Suite 100, Rochester, NY 14620; or F.F. Thompson Foundation: Cardiac Rehabilitation, 350 Parrish St., Canandaigua, NY 14424. Condolences may be offered at www.johnsonkennedy.com.


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Roger Bernadina's run in the World Baseball Classic ended last with the Netherlands' 4-1 semifinal loss last night to the Dominican Republic. Bernadina, slated as the Nationals' fourth outfielder, will return to Nationals spring training after spending almost an entire month traveling to Taiwan and San Francisco for the event.
As the Netherlands reached the championship round, Bernadina went 3 for 22 with a double, a walk and three strikeouts. Bernadina played in six of the Netherlands' eight games, slowed by a sore wrist after getting hit by a pitch March 10. Bernadina batted third and started in center field last night, going 1 for 4.
When Bernadina returns to camp, likely on Wednesday, Manager Davey Johnson will have a challenge in getting Bernadina enough at-bats to prepare for the season. While Bernadina received at-bats in the WBC, he didn't get as many as his teammates
Some regulars have already had roughly 50 at-bats this spring, and Johnson has given bench players ample playing time than anyone else to keep them sharp – Steve Lombardozzi leads the Nationals with 52 at-bats. Tyler Moore has 46 and Chad Tracy has 35. Other than catchers Wilson Ramos and Kurt Suzuki, all of the Nationals who figure to make the opening day roster have taken at least 28 at-bats.
So, Bernadina has some catching to do. Problem is, Johnson also plans to play his regulars on a daily basis for the next week, leaving them in games both at home and on the road for nine innings at a time.
Bernadina lives in the Netherlands in the offseason. He was born and raised on Curacao.


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So last night was the night that Jeffrey Deitch brought Miley Cyrus to Art Basel so that she could sing "Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds" with Wayne Coyne of the Flaming Lips, the both of them tucked inside a giant plush rainbow costume. It was a night that most people seemed eager to hate the hell out of. Cyrus, wearing a glittery wig and gleefully slapping whatever female posterior twerked its way toward her on stage, was foul-mouthed and lovable, mostly. She let us know that, contrary to her normal protocal for performance days, she had indeed drank and smoked weed in advance of her set. She gave a long, rambling, self-deprecatory explanation of her recent endeavors into the world of contemporary art, after which she started talking about someone's dead cat, and sang a pretty good piano ballad about the dead cat (even though it's banging-key histrionics did slightly recall Dana Carvey's classic "chopping broccoli" riff).
The venue was the Raleigh Hotel on Collins Avenue, and the evening had been organized by Jeffrey Deitch and V Magazine. Bubbles and shiny foil drifted through the air. Cyrus made it abundantly clear that she did not give a fuck about, well, anything really. She showed off her shiny pasties. The band played Johnny Cash, a bunch of Beatles, Led Zeppelin, and Rick James's "Superfreak." Cans of Bud Light cost $10 at the cash bar. Cyrus was high—really, really high—and she let us know about it. She and Wayne Coyne both talked about how they hate mean, awful people, especially mean, awful people who do mean, awful things to animals; these sentiments were expressed while the both of them clutched animals of the stuffed variety.
Am I making this sound terrible? It wasn't, really. Sure, the real world had just been lit up by news that a grand jury would not indict the cop who choked Eric Garner into an early grave, so it was a bit disconcerting to watch a former Disney tween star and an Oklahoma acid-head blissfully singing how they "read the news today, oh boy." And sure, maybe Cyrus's forays into art-making are dire, with horrible consequences for the art world, whatever that means, but I can't imagine her hobbies will cause any more harm than, say, James Franco already has.
— Scott Indrisek (@indrisek)
(Photos: Scott Indrisek)


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2001: A concert odyssey blasts off in London
By Michael Roddy
LONDON (Reuters) - Stanley Kubrick's "2001: A Space Odyssey" made the timpani intro of Richard Strauss's "Thus Sprach Zarathustra" a cliche for a dramatic entrance and the crescendo of Gyorgy Ligeti's "Atmospheres" a cult classic.
Now fans of one of the most influential soundtracks of all time can hear it in sound that will out-Dolby Dolby for an ambitious programme at London's Southbank Center that combines a new print of Kubrick's 1968 sci-fi masterpiece with a large chorus and full orchestra playing the film music live.
"It's absolute goosebumps," said Gillian Moore, head of contemporary culture at Southbank, where two concert showings of "2001: A Space Odyssey" will be given next week (April 7 and 8).
"It's like an opera," added German conductor Andre de Ridder, whose job it is to coordinate the massive forces of the orchestra and chorus with a film that was never meant, unlike some silent films, to have a live musical accompaniment.
"I would say it is the perfect marriage of sound, theater, drama and visual art," he added -- covering all the bases.
The two screenings mark a return engagement for an experiment that sold out last year and is one of the main attractions of a month-long "Ether" festival of contemporary classical and art music that has dance and other strands thrown in for good measure.
One of those offerings -- sure to appeal to fans of James Cameron's "Avatar" -- is a 3D performance of Stravinsky's "Rite of Spring" with a dancer inside a cube whose movements are recorded by cameras and projected onto a screen. The audience will see effects that at one point make the dancer's movements look like snowflakes, and hear the music played live (April 23).
Kubrick, who embraced cutting-edge technology and whose special effects in "2001" still look futuristic 40 years later, would have gotten a kick out of the 3D ballet, and the efforts that have gone into making his sci-fi opus concert friendly. Continued...


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I'm reading the new Combustion 3 PDF and it states:
NEW - Edit
* Assemble clips and output them in a composite for in context editing
* Integrate editing into your composites
* Use multiple edit operators to easily create complex effects
* Trim, slip, slide, and ripple clips with transitions
* Full support for multiple resoultions - mix and match clips as needed
I assume part of the reason this feature is added it due to the death of the edit* product. As a result for Windows/Mac users this is a way to help put clips together without relying on a seperate program such as Premeire, Speed Razor, or Final Cut.
Does anyone know if the editing resembles fire or smoke at all?


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44. Sundresses & Mulberry
Monday, 14 March 2011
Finally getting to put an outfit post after what feels like a ridiculously long time! This is one of my favourite dresses.
Dress: Vintage, Cardigan: M&S, Shoes: Primark
It's a 1950s sun dress that I found in a shop that has now closed *sob* but they are still online *hooray!* I look horribly tired/bloated/make-upless in this photo so ignore that please!
Tomorrow marks the start of Gold Cup Week here in Cheltenham, and like most other money hungry students I am going to be working, and then my normal hours at my weekend job. I must be mad, that's a 50 hour week but I can't turn down the money!
My mama came and visited me for two days. I had Sunday off work , my first Sunday off in three weeks; although my body foiled any plans for a lie because I woke up at 8:30 like clock work. It was lovely and sunny and we had a good mooch around the shops with mama parting with some hard earned money in Mulberry on two pieces from the Daria collection.
Pretty, oh so pretty! Tres jealous (so obviously borrowing them when I'm living back at home!) but there has been talk of a Mulberry birthday present, which has made me excited!
I hope you've had a lovely day!
Ciao Cherubs!x
Posted by Poppy Coburn at 7:48 pm
3 comments
Weren't you considering throwing this dress away at one point? And I shouted at you. Or am I thinking of another dress?ReplyDelete
Either way, very successful transition from summer look to spring look.
Love! xxx
that purse is lusssssssssssssh.ReplyDelete
Helen, X
Do you like audigier christiant shirt?ReplyDelete
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Designs by heytangerine
Caitlin Meara
Perth Western Australia Australia
Hi! I love creating BIG high-resolution tiling patterns! If you'd like to see any of my designs in different colours or sizes, or have any other requests, just let me know! :D
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Do you know that you can include special characters in your WordPress posts and pages without leaving your dashboard?
The feature is located in the second row of the Visual Editor's editing icons.
If you don't see the second row, click the Kitchen Sink icon .
I hope you found this little tip useful.


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Karrin Rachelle Model
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Braun's Silk-épil Xpressive Epilator ReviewThursday, May 15, 2008
First, what exactly is "epilation"? Really, it's pulling each hair out from the root. That's exactly what you do when you wax, except the epilator is basically a rotating collection of tweezers that grab each hair. Since the hair below the skin is also removed your skin will be hair free and smooth longer than with shaving. Over time your hair will grow back finer and weaker.
For me, removing hair below the skin surface is very appealing. I have very pale skin with darker leg hair. I can see the hair below the skin when I wear shorts, which I hate! I also tend to get cold, and with goose bumps I swear that the hair comes out! I get stubble a few hours after shaving because of this. Removing hair below the surface is just the answer I needed for these problems.
The epilator is pretty easy to use. I run my hands up and down my legs to "rough up" any little hairs so they will be easier to grab. The hair can be pretty short actually, as small as 0.5 mm long (you need 2-5 mm for waxing by comparison). Braun includes some Soothing Wipes which they developed with Olay for pre-treatment. I'm not sure that these actually helped me at all. Run the epilator against the direction of hair growth to remove.
The epilator comes with a huge array of heads to use, each pivot by 15 degrees to make them easier to use, they lift the hair up to be grabbed and there are even heads to be used in sensitive areas like the underarm area. I especially liked that on the epilator itself there is a "SmartLight," which was basically a very bright light that really showed me where the hairs were.
I'm not going to lie to you. This process definitely hurts. At first it hurts a lot and it takes a few treatments to get used to it. The pain does lessen with treatments, and it is helped quite a bit by epilating after a bath or shower (so skin is softer) and by holding down your skin. In the end, the pain is well worth it though, you will be surprised by how much hair is removed. Even with short subtle it looks like you have removed quite a bit of hair.
My skin did have a bit of irritation after epilation, really it looked like each hair follicle was red and irritated and would just hurt if touched for about an hour afterwards. But, with a bit of cream or lotion (I liked my Cetaphil cream for this) the irritation was better and even without cream the irritation was gone within the hour.
I did not achieve perfectly smooth legs with this process. If I was planning to wear shorts or a skirt that day I did need to shave a few missed areas to have the perfectly smooth legs that I want. However, my legs definitely stayed smoother longer when epilated and I will continue to use it as with each use it hurts less. I loved not having subtle a few hours after I shaved just because I was cold!
The newest version of the epilator is available this month, the model numbers are 7280 and 7681 (the difference is added caps in the 7681 for facial and underarm hair). If you have the same issues I do, I really do recommend using the epilator in combination with shaving, I know I'll be using this more often!
10 comments
This thing made me sweat and cry, personally. NOT a pretty combination:(ReplyDelete
I definately have the same problem!! How long does it take to use?ReplyDelete
It depends on how long the hair is and how big of an area you're treating. I did my lower legs the other day and it took 20 minutes, but it probably would have been less if the hair was a bit longer because I had to go over a few areas a second time.ReplyDelete
You are very brave to do this. I've been thinking for years whether or not I should resort to this kind of hair removal. I go back and forth because not so much of the pain it cause but particularly because my skin is sensitive to anything abrasive. It seems the other device you're testing , No! No!, is also not pain free. But I can't wait to hear the results. But for now, I will stick to my depilatory. I do wish they would come up with better (pain-free) hair removal device that doesn't leave any stubbles.ReplyDelete
One thing i can't stand is having to administer the pain myself. Hvae you asked a friend to do it as maybe it would take away the extreme feeling of pain. I have to get my waxing done by a professional who is very fast as i can't stand the pain for long!ReplyDelete
does the epilator make alot of noise??ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 5, 2008 at 3:41 PM
I have been thinking about getting an epilatore to work on my face as well as my legs. Is the Braun Epilator good to use for unwanted facial hair?ReplyDelete
It makes a lot of noise, yeah. Used s similar zbraun machine since I was 14 (so for 6 years now) about once a month, more often is REALLY unnecessary for me. Skin stays smooth, only towards the end of the month tiny short light hairs come out.ReplyDelete
Remember the amour of pain really depends on when you do it in your emtrual cycle, try to time the epilation process to 2-3 days from the beginning of your period. Then the pain barrier is lowest, so you will fell less discomfort. Also they have new models that work equally well underwater, so you can actually use it while you're bathing. Maybe that's something for you!
Christine, I hate the stubble that shaving leaves too. I don't think the Olay wipes do much other than smelling nice. It does make a lot of noise. It sounds like a grinding noise. You are right epilation doesn't leave you completely smooth because very tiny stubble is missed. However, it seems to grab hairs that waxing would miss especially because the head pivots 15 degrees. I don't like this model on the face. It is too bulky.ReplyDelete
The Braun Epilators can do everywhere on your body.. Literally everywhere! They come with different attachments to get the awkward bits, best epilators out in my opinion :) Love the blog!ReplyDelete
Sophia x x
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Banned Books Week may be over, but book banning is still an issue all over the world. Here's an excerpt of Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak, the novel behind #speakloudly and the Missouri school board controversy. (Read more about book banning, Speak, and what Anderson would say to the Missouri school board in our Banned Books Week interview.)
* * *


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I'm a duck hunter from Georgia and we mainly hunt woodies and scrap for a mallard every now and then. We've been going to Arkansas every year for about 10 years now and we've been considering a new adventure. What I would like is some insight on freelance duck hunting in North Dakota. Because of my first child being born this December, the duck hunting trip will not be until another year. However, I figured I would start the planning now and try to be somewhat prepared.
I'm not after anyone's honey holes or connections, I would just like some good information to help me get started to plan this trip. Some questions I have are:
- Areas of North Dakota that would have an abundance of land that could be freelance hunted?
- Round about best time of the year/season to hunt North Dakota?
- I've heard its majority field hunting, is this true?
- Best equipment (I have 100s of duck decoys, will those work for the type of hunting in ND) for hunting ducks?
- Is it true that its fairly easy to get permission from farmers to hunt ducks on their land?
Any other information besides the questions I've asked would be greatly appreciated, Thanks!!!


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Hi i am looking for either a plugin or theme for a password protected client proofing area, where a client can select several images which will send me an email of which images they are interested in and i can then chase them up on the matter
closest thing i've seen for WP is http://proof-press.com/ but it doesn't seem to be live at this date
thank you
Hi i was wondering if anyone has created or know of an escort agency theme for wordpress, or something that i can edit to use for this purpose
thanks in advance
ok ill do it with multiple galleries, a home.swf so u can have anything u want on their. I contact form with php, and some extra room for address telephone etc and a caption box on each painting when zoomed. Give me till friday and i will upload as i will fit it in around other work as it is for Flashden. Jay
thats great it is simular to your (XML Portfolio Site w/ Images, Vids and mp3 player ) template with some alterations
wud the contact form also be a seperate swf so i can edit that if need, as ther will be about a paragraph of txt present aswell as a few pictures
also is it possible to have an enquiry button to take you to a popup html form on the painting caption box
i can build this, TimeScale – 3 Days Build. Price… If you want it exclusively then it will cost you $1700 and i will NOT upload to Flash Den. Or if u wait i can build a template and upload to FD for u to buy but you will not have exclusive rights to it. Let me know Jay
if u cud do it to FD
so i customize it myself that wud be great
main features that i need are
a gallery page as shown but with a option for seperat galleries
a home page, with a txt box
a contact us page (form) plus place for extra details
also on the enlarged painiting i need room to have a title and a small blurb of txt and a link to a form to enquire more about the painiting hopefully with the painting title present on the form
If anyone makes this please send me a message. I would buy it in a heart beat! The only thing I think it needs is an option for more galleries.
yes i need it with options to diff galleries aswell
I can do it but it wouldn't be cheap… You could probably better wait for somebody who would make it for FD
wat sort of price are we looking at ?
Here is an example of a site id like is there anything similar present on here at the mo
few alterations are that I'd
want a gallery where I can select diff categories
also a button present on each picture wen enlarged linking to a form relating to the picture (with some details , size, medium price) so I can enquire about buying it
thanx guys help is very much apreciated


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Our Instructors
NC State University Cooperative Extension Faculty
William F. Hunt, III, Ph.D., P.E. is a Professor and Extension Specialist in North Carolina State University's Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. Dr. Hunt holds degrees in Civil Engineering (NCSU, B.S.), Economics (NCSU, B.S.), Biological and Agricultural Engineering (NCSU, M.S.) and Agricultural and Biological Engineering, (Penn State, Ph.D.). He is a registered PE in North Carolina.
Since 2000, Hunt has assisted with the design, installation, and/or monitoring of over 90 stormwater best management practices (BMPs), including bioretention, stormwater wetlands, innovative wet ponds, green roofs, permeable pavement, water harvesting/cistern systems and level spreaders. He teaches 20-25 short courses and workshops each year on stormwater BMP design, function, and maintenance throughout North Carolina and the US.
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For professionals with PE, PLS, and RLA licensure
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- 4 PDHs for PEs for recertification classes.
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- Commercial pesticide recertification credits (aquatic, ornamentals and turf, R&D categories)
- All participants who pass an examination at the end of the course will be certified by NC State Cooperative Extension.


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Recipe: Chicken with Ratatouille
Ready in 30 Minutes
This is the perfect one-dish dinner when the garden is in full swing. Feel free to substitute whatever is overflowing in your garden or at the market for the vegetables in the ratatouille.
Thin cutlets cook fast. Make your own cutlets by slicing chicken breasts in half lengthwise.
Brighten up your plate with simple, colorful ingredients and flavors from the garden.


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WOOSTER, Ohio -- A West Salem man was sentenced on his most recent charge of driving under the influ
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What will it turn into next?!?!?!?
Dear Shirt.Woot,
When I purchased this shirt, it was with the understanding that it would, over the course of a week, evolve into a long sleeve tee, then a sweatshirt, then a sweater, then a cardigan sweater, then a convertible, then a princess.
It has not. No matter how much I water it and give it praise.
I have taken this as clear and inarguable proof that evolution is, in fact, a lie. I will write up these findings and print them in the big science journal. After that, all the scientists will see it and everyone will stop studying it, and move onto doing better things: like building robots with laser-shooting hands.
I couldn't have discovered this without you, Shirt.Woot. Science will never be able to thank you enough.
A totally real and reputable scientist


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The Braddock blood ran fierce and true in Peter Braddock. Yet his scandalous past kept the youngest Braddock sibling from feeling he really belonged in the elite society his family ruled. Perhaps that's what made him defend shy, awkward Theadosia Berenson -- the ugly duckling debutante -- and landed him in trouble that led to a marriage proposal!
Thea knew Peter felt honor-bound to propose. But the perpetual wallflower couldn't say no to the man who stirred her secret fantasies. Though she tried to hide her tender feelings, one kiss revealed a shocking desire between them. Would the spark ignite a fire -- and lead two lonely hearts home?
Part 3 of the Kekkon Kirai no Sankyoudai series (結婚嫌いの三兄弟; The Three Marriage-Hating Brothers).
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can of worms but... should pedestrians take some responsibility for their safety on the roads?(32 Posts)
Just watching a discussion on one of our favourite daytime tv shows. A young girl was hit on a dark country lane by a responsible driver, driving safely under the speed limit. The insurers are arguing she should have made herself more visible (torch/high-vis jacket).
What do we think. In this day and age do we need a change in the law making pedestrians more responsible?
It is disgusting that Churchill are trying to get out if paying that girl's compensation.
A person walking on a grass verge should not be expected to protect themselves from being hit by speeding hunks if metal.
Of course pedestrians should take responsibility for their safety on the road. On a personal level.
But there should be no legal requirement for them to do so and no liability should be attached to any failure to do so.
I read this one in the DM yesterday.
True, the girl was listening to her ipod - but she was walking on the verge
the driver was doing 50 - on an unlit winding country lane - & swerved onto the verge when he saw an oncoming car
he might have been legally within the limit but he was driving too fast
Churchill are being very shifty about paying up
I think pedestrians should take more responsibility. We teach are children to be very careful near roads, yet many people grow up with a "cars aren't allowed to run me over, so I'll just walk here" attitude.
A woman was run over and killed in a road where I used to live.
She was crossed the road without checking sufficiently for traffic.
The driver was speeding, long straight road at 6.30 am. (Most drivers do go over 30mph on this road IME)
The driver was given a two year prison sentence.
I can't help thinking if the woman had looked both ways, she wouldn't have been run over. I know lots of people who know the place where it happened think two years was a harsh sentence.
But then you obviously can't be allowed to just go around running people over.
All a pedestrian can do is make sure they're visible and vigilant.
As someone who is more often a pedestrian than a passenger (I don't drive) I would appreciate it if drivers indicated, because I'm not a bloody mind reader, drove at a sensible speed along our village roads, put their mobile phones away for the 30 seconds it takes them to drive from their home to the offy, didn't park their cars so far across the pavement that I'm forced to walk on the road with the boys and didn't use the pavement for
37 3 point turns about 5 feet in front of DS1 who is unable to compute that a moving car on the pavement is as likely to run him over as one on the road, so keeps on walking.
We live about a third of a mile down a private lane, pitch black and unlit. We never drive more than twenty mph, usually less. In the winter its a popular footpath for dog walkers.None of them make any effort to wear a single item of hi viz. One particular guy walks two black dogs, dressed head to toe in black with a hoodie and also has an ipod plugged in so he doesnt hear you.
Its really hard to see them and quite heart in mouth sometimes as you come upon them. just seems irresponsible really. I think you do have an element of needing to take responsibility for your own safety.
As a horserider I never leave the yard without several items of hi viz on me and the horse-just sensible really.
You don't deliberately pull onto a grass verge at anywhere around 50 miles an hour to allow another car to pass. You have no idea what is in there, ditches, flytipped junk etc. It sounds more like the driver was driving inappropriately fast for the road and mounted the verge when he met another car on the single track road to avoid a collision, then hit the girl. The judge found the driver 100% at fault. I'd say there's a reason.
Thanks for the clarification, Momb. I knew it wasn't a simple case of pedestrian staying in middle of road as driver approach a bend or some such. I agree the driver was at fault.
Actually she was on the verge: he'd pulled on to the grass to allow another vehicle to pass on the lane. He was under the speed limit as it was a 60mph country lane but this does not mean that he was going at an appropriate speed (over 50) when he hit the child walking along. She wan't wearing hi viz: he wasn't driving on the road. If there had been a pavement there would be no case. The insurers are saying that as she rode horses she should have known to wear hi viz. She didn't hack on the roads, only on the field and therefore didn't have hi viz.
This case has huge ramifications for liability of children in accidents, and is, imo driven by the insurers to put a grey area into legislation for future cases. In this case he mounted the verge at 50mph, and she is brain damaged and needs constant care. The original findings should stand.
Wasn't she on the verge, which he drove onto after overtaking?
Of course they should. Years ago I was driving down the road when a girl ran straight out in the middle of the road between two parked cars, hit the side wing of my car and went over the bonnet.
But in this particular case I'm not so sure. Because at what point do you say enough visibility is enough? As snorbs said, do we all have to wear flashing neon lights with high vis jackets?
Just because he was driving at the speed limit does not mean he is absolved of blame. The limit is as the word suggests...the LIMIT. If road conditions were dark and the road was straight then he should have used his full beams. If there was a car the other way then both sets of lights should be enough to see the child. If the road was twisty turny then 30mph may have been an inappropriate amount of speed.
Difficult to say but I don't want to see kids being made a scapegoat here to save a few quid which is how it reads at the moment. Certainly makes me not want to give Churchill my business.
I was brought up in the country from the age of 10. No street lights, and no pavements for the most part, so if you were walking somewhere, you walked on the road or the verge. But because everywhere was further from everywhere else, iyswim, there were very few pedestrians, especially at night, and I would guess that that is still the case, so it would be understandable if the driver thought that the likelihood of coming across a pedestrian was low, and drove accordingly. At night, in the country, you can drive for miles without seeing a single living creature on or near the road.
None of which excuses what he did, but it does go towards explaining it a bit, I think.
I honestly believe that we all have to be safety-conscious. No-one is ever going to prioritise my own safety more highly than I do - but I know that I also have a responsibility for the safety of others too.
I thought that the driver was judged to be going too fast?
It was a dark country road near stables-surely usual speed limits don´t apply?
She was also exonerated of any "blame".
So, whilst a hi vis jacket might have been a good idea, it doesn´t make what happened any more her fault or any less the driver´s fault.
She also wasn´t walking where he should have been driving-she wasn´t on the road!
This isn't about the driver's behaviour and criminal culpability though, it's about the insurance company not wanting to pay out. It is the fundamental law of the road that the least vulnerable users have to take the most responsibility. That's why we have compulsory insurance for drivers. If you erode that principle, then pedestrians will end up having to take out insurance too.
When you drive you're in charge of a machine that cn easily cause a lot of damage, that puts the onus on the driver. It isn't the pedestrian that is threatening anyone.
The girl probably did take some responsibility for her safety, and she's certainly paying a cost for the accident. There may well have been other things she could have done and I'll bet now she wishes she had, but that doesn't mean she should be required to do them.
I think laws and decisions that put the onus on the pedestrian just set up a culture that accepts more reckless driving. Pedestrians have plenty of incentive to be safe, they won't all choose the same levels of risk, but that doesn't mean they should be more responsible for the costs of those who actually cause the damage. It's drivers that create the risk, they are the ones the law should focus on making responsible.
@ snorbs in her flashing body armour (half dalek half christmas tree)
Apparently this youngster had just returned from riding her horse so maybe should have had some highway code awareness but still just a kid. She did also have earphones plugged in so couldnt hear the car. However just read up that the car was below the 50mph limit. Maybe we ought to focus on lowering limits in the dark or poor visability.
I sort of agree.
pedestrians should more visible, esp children.
I think it should be illegal to sell children's outer clothing without plenty of reflective material.
however, drivers have a duty of care as explained by quite a few previous posters. after all they have a drivers licence and therefore know that they are operating a dangerous thing and that they should be extra careful.
I think that they should take some responsibility. As a cyclist I've had pedestrians step out onto cycle track without looking more times than I can count almost causing me to crash. I'm always alert around pedestrians, but a bit of thought wouldn't hurt.
My DS has high-vis stickers on the back of his coat. It's only sensible to make yourself as visible as possible.
As I have pointed out to ds3 on several occasions, specialsubject. But he does that teenage-y eye rolling thing because he is, of course, immortal.
yes, pedestrians do need to make themselves more visible. That way there might be fewer accidents to argue about.
going along staring at the mobile phone or with ears plugged with loud music is also a Darwin award waiting to happen.
Maybe cars need reversing alarms, like lorries, Kirsty?
Pedestrians walking along unlit country lanes DO need to take responsibility for being visible. You can't just throw it back onto the car driver,and say they've got to drive more defensively.
Somone in dark clothes, with no lights or reflectors is just NOT visible to a driver on dipped headlights until you are almost on top of them, even at 30. <voice of recent experience>. How slow do you expect drivers to go?
I think pedestrians do have a responsibility to make themselves safe, just as car drivers have a responsibility to make sure they drive in as safe a manner as possible. I see so many people walking out into a road without looking, often wearing headphones too - so they can't see or hear.
Our road has a sharp bend where there are no pavements and only wide enough for one vehicle. The amount of pedestrians who walk out blindly is unbelievable - I am just waiting to hear about a death, it can only be a matter of time I'm sure. Especially as double-decker buses and lorries frequently use that road.
I would however like to see walking behind a reversing vehicle made illegal - I have lost count of how many times people have done this to me in supermarket carparks and on the school run. When a vehicle is moving and the reverse lights are on - wait people, wait - don't walk in out front of it FFS!!!
I think it would be a very good thing if people in general were encouraged to take more responsibility for their own safety.
I agree with lijkk that it is normally not difficult to step off the road onto a verge when walking along an unlit country lane. And I would be particularly careful as a pedestrian approaching a corner for example as the driver may not see me until the last minute.
Yes drivers have a duty of care but surely pedestrians also have a responsibility to reduce risk where possible too.
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Several Nuristan highways reopen
Several Nuristan highways reopen
JALALABAD (PAN): Several key highways in eastern Nuristan province were reopened for traffic after remaining closed for four days due to heavy snowfall, officials said on Thursday.
The roads reopened included a 60-kilometre road that connects the provincial capital, Paroon, to the Chapa Dara district in neighbouring Kunar province, a 50-kilomentre road linking central and eastern parts of Nuristan and a 35-kilomentre road between Paroon and Wanth Waigal district, the deputy governor said.
Qazi Mohammad Nabi Ahmadi told Pajhwok Afghan News the one-metre snow was removed from the roads after about 500 youth joined the snow-removing campaign.
Snow-removing machines of construction companies and the public works department were used during the campaign, he said.
There have been no casualties from the recent snowfall in the province, the governor's spokesman, Mohammad Zarin, said.
Roads including Kunar-Paroon, Kamdesh-Paroon, Bargimatal-Paroon, Wama-Paroon and Wanth Waigal-Paroon have been reopened so far, he said.
However, three districts in western part of the province remain cut off from the provincial capital due to road blockades, he said.
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[Update 2/14] EFF2014 Official Lineup has been announced here.
Electric Forest Festival is back for another year at the Double JJ Ranch in Rothbury, Michigan.
As usual, the rumors are swirling as fans anticipate an official lineup announcement.
Set for June 26th – 29th, EFF2014 promises to bring stalwarts from the EDM and jamband communities together for a weekend of freak-flag-flying in an enchanted forest
2014 Electric Forest Lineup Rumors
The String Cheese Incident
The Allman Brothers Band
Pretty Lights Live Band
Adventure Club
Big Gigantic
The Flaming Lips
George Clinton
Deltron 3030
The Glitch Mob
Amon Tobin
Also, we have seen multiple people posting about Daft Punk headlining the event but we are hesitant to list them above… so now they are getting their own sentence?! It seems like Daft Punk is rumored to play at every event every year so we are not putting much stock into this one.
Comment below with the rumors that you have heard for the 2014 Electric Forest Festival!
Note: These artists are not confirmed to play EFF2014 but are popular guesses / wishes seen across the web.


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Keller, TX
Our Urgent Care for Kids Keller location is located in Keller Town Crossing at the corner of Rufe Snow and Keller Parkway 6right next to Kroger.
Urgent Care for Kids offers an ideal solution for families seeking pediatric urgent care. Urgent Care for Kids Keller offers after hours care so you can bring you child in when your normal pediatric provider unavailable. When you don't have to go to the emergency room or wait until the morning to see your pediatrician, our Keller location provides you the best pediatric urgent care. Our waiting room and exam rooms are kid friendly. We accept a wide range of insurance and will send a full report to your pediatrician as soon as they are available. Walk-in patients are always welcome, and we are commited to short wait times. In fact, our average wait time is 5 minutes.
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Inaugural Global Summit For Advanced Manufacturing To Focus On Cultivating Innovative Solutions For Manufacturing Leaders Of Tomorrow
SAN JOSE, Calif., March 18, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --The first Global Summit for Advanced Manufacturing (GSAM) created for manufacturers, by manufacturers, and about manufacturerscomes to San Francisco on July 9 and 10 (co-located with SEMICON West 2014). GSAM answers the call for a forum that explores practical solutions for today's most pressing manufacturing challenges, including the convergence of miniaturization, automation, integration, ruggedization, materials and processes, along with other special topics. GSAM will feature case study-based presentations, networking opportunities and one-on-one individual meeting sessions on how to leverage today's successfully developed and manufactured products to yield viable solutions for the emerging manufacturing leaders of tomorrow.
GSAM will explore successful manufacturing practices from a wide variety of industry sectors beyond electronics and technology, including food, medical/pharmaceuticals, sports and leisure, textiles and more. GSAM attendees will also enjoy networking opportunities and optional tours of Bay Area-based manufacturing facilities on Friday, July 11.
"Technology in the marketplace has advanced over the years to change the way we live. In today's world, mass implementation of these new technologies needs to accelerate in order to keep pace with society's demands," observed GSAM co-chair Dr. Gene Kim of Alpha, a division of Alent. "Yet, we've repeatedly seen technologies that held great promise fall short of market realization because the promise came with too many barriers capital expenditure, global supply-chain, technological scale-up, regulations, market timing, infrastructure, and so on. The true manufacturing value-add offered by a technological advancement comes from its total cost-of-ownership benefit, but key decision makers have lacked a forum in which they could candidly and thoroughly discuss this assessment. GSAM was conceived to encourage these important discussions real people discussing real manufacturing challenges in an environment that cultivates manufacturing innovation."
Added Girish Wable, technical project manager of advanced technology for Jabil, and one of GSAM's other co-chairs, "We encourage academia and industrial researchersespecially those that expect themselves to improve the efficiency of manufacturing research and industrialization in the coming yearsto attend for the unique opportunity to interact and benefit from the experienced practical guidance these leaders can provide. This experience is an important thread in the fabric of digitally enabled, highly efficient manufacturing," he said.
GSAM is produced by the FlexTech Alliance, and its advisory committee comprises manufacturing experts at AGC Electronics America, Alent, Amazon, Continental Automotive GmbH, GE Global Research, IBM, Jabil, Kyocera, Lockheed Martin and Panasonic. More information on the summit's agenda and speakers will be made available in the coming weeks, but mark your calendars for GSAM's inaugural summit, which will be held at the San Francisco Marriott Marquis starting July 9th.
{Note to editors: please refer to additional GSAM quotes and boilerplates here}
About GSAM
GSAM was conceived by professional manufacturers across multiple industry sectors who share a passion for manufacturing and recognize the need for a forum in which experts can share real-world, readily applicable information ultimately, speeding time to market for all. GSAM serves industry sectors ranging from electronics, technology, food and medical/pharmaceuticals to sports and leisure, textiles and moreall of which confront similar challenges in product design,manufacture and commercialization. More information about GSAM can be found at www.gsam.orgor by following the organization on Twitter at@GSAdvMfg. GSAM-related tweets can be created, viewed, and shared using the hash tag #GSAM14.
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You're not going to hear Rob Bruggeman's name brought up during the various pre-draft shows we're sure to be bombarded with in the next week. After the NFL selection process concludes on April 25-26, he might be mentioned if he becomes Mr. Irrelevant. Other than that, the Iowa center will fly under the radar and likely into a camp to prove his worth.
If it's true that history repeats itself, Bruggeman is a living example. He seeks a spot in the NFL with much the same approach as he did as a Hawkeye walk-on.
"I'm sure my size is an issue," Bruggeman said when asked what NFL teams might question about his game. "It usually is. That's what people said when I was coming out of high school. I didn't know how to get recruited out of high school, so I probably don't know very well how to get recruited going into the NFL.
"I just want an opportunity, the same thing I wanted coming out of high school. I've been prepared to be told I can't do it before. So, I'll just give it my best shot. I know I'll get into a camp. After that, it's on my shoulders. I'm not blaming anybody but myself. I'm just excited to get in there and get a shot."
The 6-foot-4, 293-pound Cedar Rapids Washington High graduate helped the Iowa offensive line become a dominant force in 2008 after a season in which the unit gave up 40-plus sacks. The group paved the way for running back Shonn Greene's record breaking season after which he won the Doak Walker Award given to the top player at his position.
Bruggeman seemed poised to become Iowa's starting center in '07 before a knee surgery after spring drills sidelined him for much of the campaign. He then out-dueled incumbent, Rafael Eubanks, for the spot last fall.
A hamstring injury kept Bruggeman from running at the NFL Draft Combine. He returned to get timed at Iowa's Pro day, has conducted individual workouts with teammate and fellow offensive lineman, Seth Olsen, and has a year of game tape for the scouts.
"I was disappointed in the fact that I couldn't run down there," Bruggeman said of the combine. "But once I got back and was able to run at the pro day, I felt like it went OK. I think it went pretty well actually. I'm just excited to be able to have a chance to play football.
"Hopefully somebody picks me up. And I try not to evaluate it too much. It's really not the time to step back and evaluate what's going on. It's time to keep pushing forward and trying to get better."
Bruggeman ran a 5.05-second, 40-yard dash at the pro day. He posted a 33-inch vertical jump. He benched 225 pounds 30 times at the combine and came back with 32 reps at the pro day, two impressive performances.
"We're very lucky to have a guy like Coach (Chris) Doyle on campus for us," Bruggeman said. "A lot of guys that train for the NFL and the combine, they end up going off campus. We have the luxury of having an amazing strength coach that trains us the whole time we're here and continues to offer that to us as soon as we graduate."
Several teams have come to Iowa City and worked out Bruggeman and Olsen. The Chiefs, Jets, Broncos, Bengals and a few other teams whom Bruggeman couldn't remember took them through offensive linemen drills.
"We've also had teams call a lot and we do interviews over the phone," Bruggeman said. "I think things have gone well, but a team will come in and work you out for a couple of hours and they kind of just go away. They don't really sit you down and tell you how it went; what they thought."
The NFL pre-draft secrecy proved tough, initially, for Bruggeman. He's since learned that it's the way the game is played.
"When it comes down to it, it's not about how high you jump or how fast you're going to run a 40 or how fast you can jump over bags during an individual workout," he said. "It's about how you're going to play football when you're given the opportunity; how fast you can pick up an offense or how fast you can apply yourself once you're there. I'm just excited to get into a camp and actually play football again. It's been too long."
Preparation for training camp has occupied most of Bruggeman's time and thoughts since testing ended in late March.
"You maybe lose sight and it becomes like a testing drill when the season ends and it's so important how you're going to run and how you're going to jump," he said. "But what's really important is that when you get into camp how you're going to play. We try to focus on getting back to the basics on how you play football and prepare to do our best once we get to camp."
Former Hawkeyes that have experienced NFL training camps have tutored Bruggeman. The Iowa coaches also have offered their thoughts and advice.
"I talked with Mike Elgin, Marshal Yanda and Mike Humpal," Bruggeman said. "Those guys are around. I consider them great friends. It's really easy to talk to them about what goes on and how things are done.
"Every team is different, so you don't have exactly what your schedule is going to be. But those guys are real helpful. They've been through it before. They know what it's like. You can always ask them questions."
Bruggeman wasn't one of those kids that grew up dreaming about the NFL. He really only started thinking about his chances to play in the league towards the end of his senior season.
"I never really had huge expectations," Bruggeman said. "You don't really have a whole lot of time to sit back and think, "Oh man, this thing can come true." I don't really evaluate myself that much. I just do the best that I can in the situation I'm put in and try to maximize my potential."
Bruggeman will watch the draft. He's not sure how long he'll be able to sit in front of the TV, however.
"The first day I might watch it because I want to see where Shonn is going to end up, hopefully he ends up in that first day. I would be real disappointed if he wasn't," Bruggeman said. "And then, I'm not sure. I'll probably head home and hang out with my family. I'll probably turn it on towards the end of it and see how it's going. We'll see. I don't think I can sit there and watch it the whole time. I don't really have a plan."
And while the underdog Bruggeman would love to hear his named called during the draft, he holds other goals more important to him than being a draftee.
"I try not to worry about the prestige or what other people think," he said. "I'm just out there trying to do my best, trying to play football. Sure, you get drafted and you want somebody to want you.
"But like I said, I want to be in a camp. I want to be able to play football. Being drafted is nice. It's something you can tell your grandkids about. But it would be cooler to tell them you had a 10-year NFL career."


text:
Sorry use the 50 and older as 51 and older, my bad
I corrected it for you.
This is a discussion on CCW Holder age within the Concealed Carry Issues & Discussions forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Ok I hope this is not getting to personal with everyone. But I wanted to poll on what age catagory we fit in....
51 and older
Ok I hope this is not getting to personal with everyone. But I wanted to poll on what age catagory we fit in.
Sorry use the 50 and older as 51 and older, my bad
I corrected it for you.
First, Welcome.
Second, since people have voted but have yet to respond, I am 38 going on 5... err... well, my family says that I am anyway.
I've found that most of the folks are either middle aged or of older wisdom that have CCW's. Most of the younger folks either don't know their Rights or have been given false information concerning them.
some states allow CCW below 21 as well. ME, for example, allows this. I got my CCW at 19 there and I still consider myself just a young'un at 29 though I'll be 30 in a couple of weeks
I have no link but did run an age poll a year or so ago - I expect we'll see a similar pattern altho I suspect we have more younger folks since we have grown so much.
I know I have many compadres in the ''over 60's'' group!
Chris - P95
NRA Certified Instructor & NRA Life Member.
"To own a gun and assume that you are armed
is like owning a piano and assuming that you are a musician!."
http://www.rkba-2a.com/ - a portal for 2A links, articles and some videos.
got mine about 6 months after turning 21. (25 now, although I'm fairly abnormal as I started my family very young and felt a need to defend them)
Many young people are confused or misinformed about their rights and are also sheep.
Since I started carrying I have "rubbed off" on quite a few of my friends who have also started carrying. (this is the reason I don't keep my carrying a secret to some people, but that's another topic, of course they're Marines too)
that the 50 and older folks will dominate...
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
I'm 21, pretty proud of it too.
All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.
- Edmund Burke
39 y.o. now, CCW'er for about a year. Ohio has only had it for 2 years now. I waited for a year to see what the "bugs" in the system were gonna be. Still a lot of "bugs" but it shows of improvement in the hopefully not too distant future. Been around weapons of all kinds since the age of 17 when I enlisted in the Army back in '85.
47 year old Grandpa and PROUD of it.
"A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on."
- Sir Winston Churchill
Old enough to know better but not old enough to quit trying.....
If you stand up and be counted, from time to time you may get yourself knocked down. But remember this: A man flattened by an opponent can get up again. A man flattened by conformity stays down for good. ~ Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
I'm probably one of the younger guys on here at the tender age of 23.
PS- Happy Thanksgiving all!
Gun control is hitting what you aim at...
First got mine when it became law here at the tender age of 58, have aged 3 years since then to....39.
It is what it is - not what you think it should be. Deal with it!
I stopped counting years at my fourth decade, I am now in my 6th. It really feels good to be 6 again. At this age a decade feels the same length as a year used to when I was a child.
"In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock." Thomas Jefferson
Nemo Me Impune Lacesset


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Name: Mike Bruce