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Top Stories
Pirates Acquire Chris Stewart From the Yankees
Top Stories
According to Buster Olney, the Pittsburgh Pirates are close to acquiring New York Yankees catcher Chris Stewart.
Stewart is a 31 year old catcher and is arbitration eligible for the first time this off-season. He doesn't do much with the bat, hitting for a career .214/.287/.288 line in 645 career major league at-bats. If the transaction goes through, then this should mean the end of Michael McKenry, who is also arbitration eligible.
CBS Sports released a chart a few days ago listing the best pitch framers in 2013. Stewart ranked number two with 22.7 RAA. That was higher than Yadier Molina (19.8) and Russell Martin (17.9). So while the offense is bad for Stewart, the defense is stronger than what McKenry can provide. Stewart...
This content is for Pirates Prospects subscribers only. Subscribers get access to all of our daily articles on the Pirates and their minor league system, with live coverage throughout the system on a daily basis. Our lowest rates are $2.22 per month under our Top Prospect Plan, which also gets you a 40% discount on the 2017 Prospect Guide. Subscribe today to access all of our daily coverage of the Pirates' system.
If you're already a member, you can log in below. If you think you're receiving this message in error, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Tim is the owner and editor in chief of Pirates Prospects. He started the site in January 2009, and turned it into his full time job during the 2011 season. Prior to starting Pirates Prospects, Tim worked with AccuScore.com, providing MLB, NHL, and NFL coverage to various national media outlets, including ESPN Insider, USA Today, Yahoo Sports, and the Wall Street Journal. He also writes the annual Prospect Guide, which is sold through the site. Tim lives in Bradenton, where he provides live coverage all year of Spring Training, mini camp, instructs, the Bradenton Marauders, and the GCL Pirates.
Valerio gave up switch-hitting in the off-season. I wouldn't call…


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"It seems that they dumped a certain number of regular gallons of gasoline into the premium tank and a certain number of regular gallons into the mid-grade tank."
Related quotes
"I think it's a reasonable premium for both entities. This is an industry where it's tough to justify huge premiums just because it's a very high-asset intensive business, there are high fixed costs and there really aren't much in the way of cost savings that you can justify at the field overhead level or at the retail level."
"The supply disruption premium has overwhelmed fundamental physical supply in the marketplace as issue number one."
"For some years denominations are not issued or not issued in large numbers so they attract a premium, ... Some countries may make a token gesture with small denominations to keep the banks who want some happy. They are the ones to look out for. People will then be looking for the ones in the best condition possible."
"That tank we have to do a number of things to, at the minimum removing and replacing the PAL ramps, re-working the bipod closeout area where we think the wire may have actually allowed cryogenic ingestion of air to condense in an area, ... We have a number of things that we've got to do before we're ready to do that work."
"They seem too rich at this particular point. There's a scarcity premium stuck onto the 30-year right now, and I'd just as soon avoid it."


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Tara lives in San Francisco, but hails from western Massachusetts. She is passionate about the natural world, environmental conservation and increasing public awareness of environmental issues. She tends to focus on politics and business, but also touches on behavior. Tara received her B.A. from Connecticut College and her M.P.A. from Syracuse University and has worked at the World Resources Institute, the MA Department of Energy Resources and spent summer 2010 working on UN-REDD research and policy in Paris, France. She is currently involved with SF Environment, the SF Energy Cooperative, Cambridge Energy Alliance and sits on the Board of Directors for Randall Museum Friends. She enjoys being outdoors as much as possible! You can find her on twitter @tmhol.
Perfectly timed for Pride month, Care2 has some exciting news from our nations capital.


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The latest news about space exploration and technologies,
astrophysics, cosmology, the universe...
Subscribe to our Space Exploration News feed
The dramatic conclusion to ESA's latest StarTiger project: a 'dropship' quadcopter steers itself to lower a rover gently onto a safe patch of the rocky martian surface. StarTiger's Dropter project was tasked with developing and demonstrating a European precision-landing capability for Mars and other targets.
Posted: Jul 7th, 2014Read more
Findings deepen our understanding of the future of our own galaxy, which will collide with Andromeda in 5 billion years.
Posted: Jul 7th, 2014Read more
A new report, Technological Breakthroughs for Scientific Progress (TECHBREAK), has been published today by the European Science Foundation.
Posted: Jul 4th, 2014Read more
The dark material found on the protoplanet Vesta contains the mineral serpentine - and must therefore be of exogenic origin.
Posted: Jul 4th, 2014Read more
Satellite x-ray observations reveal a neutron star with a donut-shaped magnetic field and axial wobble.
Posted: Jul 4th, 2014Read more
A new study suggests that normal gravity or hypergravity on the space station may help mitigate some of the biological problems in organisms living in space.
Posted: Jul 3rd, 2014Read more
Mysteries about controversial signals from a star considered a prime target in the search for extraterrestrial life now have been solved. The research proves, for the first time, that some of the signals actually are from events inside the star itself, not from the two so-called 'Goldilocks planets', which were suspected to be just-right for life and orbiting the star at a distance where liquid water potentially could exist. No planets there, just star burps.
Posted: Jul 3rd, 2014Read more
Determining the age of stars has long been a challenge for astronomers. In experiments researchers show that 'infant' stars can be distinguished from 'adolescent' stars by measuring the acoustic waves they emit.
Posted: Jul 3rd, 2014Read more
The first data from H.E.S.S. II show the pulsed gamma-ray signal.
Posted: Jul 3rd, 2014Read more
In chambers that mimic Mars' conditions, researchers have shown how small amounts of liquid water could form on the planet despite its below-freezing temperatures.
Posted: Jul 2nd, 2014Read more
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 soon will begin a minimum two-year mission to locate Earth's sources of and storage places for atmospheric carbon dioxide, the leading human-produced greenhouse gas responsible for warming our world and a critical component of the planet's carbon cycle.
Posted: Jul 2nd, 2014Read more
The little-known cloud of cosmic gas and dust called Gum 15 is the birthplace and home of hot young stars. Beautiful and deadly, these stars mould the appearance of their mother nebula and, as they progress into adulthood, will eventually also be the death of her.
Posted: Jul 2nd, 2014Read more
Astronomers using the Herschel space observatory to probe the turbulent beginnings of a Sun-like star have found evidence of mighty stellar winds that could solve a puzzling meteorite mystery in our own back yard.
Posted: Jul 1st, 2014Read more
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has been given the go-ahead to conduct an intensive search for a suitable outer solar system object that the New Horizons spacecraft could visit after the probe streaks though the Pluto system in July 2015.
Posted: Jul 1st, 2014Read more
ESA's Rosetta spacecraft has found that comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is releasing the equivalent of two small glasses of water into space every second, even at a cold 583 million kilometres from the Sun.
Posted: Jun 30th, 2014Read more
Bright spots in a large lake on Titan suggest that Saturn's largest moon supports processes similar to Earth's water cycle.
Posted: Jun 30th, 2014Read more


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Just over four years since 'Putting People First' was published in December 2007 with its promise of changing the landscape of adult social care and beyond by putting the 'choice and control' into the hands of users of services and wresting it from the tight grip of professionals top down approach, it's a good time to reappraise where we are with the extension of personal budgets.
Looking back, it's hard not to feel a tinge of frustration. The project of transforming adult social care built on the solid foundations of choice established by the extension of direct payments through the early 2000s was based on models established by the ILF (Independent Living Fund – now under threat of closure).
People would get the money that was otherwise spent on care and be able to use it to create personalised support plans – hence 'personalisation'. There was ambition – yes, these 'personal budgets' would start in social care but would be (and will be) extended to health care. The person, the user, the patient knows their budgets and 'consumer power' would drive better outcomes. The climate looked hopeful in 2007. The motivation was positive and the desire to change strong.
So in 2012 where are we now? The systems put in place to deliver these 'personal budgets' have creaked and crawled less eagerly than the motivations. Personal budgets are working well for some people but these are still too few to have been truly considered revolutionary. The places they are working best are the areas and user groups which were at the forefront of the change.
I do have hope though, in spite of concerns that the policy never really attempted to be truly inclusive and followed the initial errors of focusing on the more easy and straightforward work without more effort to emphasise creating a system that is fairer. Targets caused problems for local authorities as it encouraged them to fudge the actual outcomes. Local authorities in England have rushed towards 'switching' people to managed budgets that use the same block contracts that were used before. It is a change only in name.
The process of developing personalisation, it is accused, is a back handed way of delivering fewer services and pushing the responsibilities of providing these services back to the service user.
I hope the agenda becomes more inclusive by shifting from the single-minded approach by some in the sector (and in government) that the only way to deliver a personalised support plan is through purchasing power, a direct payment and money in the proverbial pocket.
Those driving the agenda need to think more broadly about the services that are being commissioned and the access to more and different services. We need to look towards new models of flexible support planning that don't offer an either/or dichotomy between having the direct payment or having a managed budget.
Creating complex scoring systems – the current RAS (resource allocation system) – discriminates against family carers or those who do not have the capacity to manage a direct payment (and have neither the family nor social support to provide assistance to manage them). It damages the 'brand' of those who seek to find better ways to change adult social care and it does need changing.
Increased use of advocacy services may provide a way to create more equitable and inclusive systems. In fact, there could be an increased role for social work in promoting models of advocacy that build fairness into a system.
This is an opportunity for social workers who are at the 'front line' of practice to share frustrations and urge a greater connect between users, carers, practitioners, voluntary sector organisations and commissioners because transformation and personalisation can only exist when everyone really is working together rather than trying to fudge statistics for the benefit of the government's agenda.
• The article is written by blogger Ermintrude2 – a social worker working across adult and mental health services. She blogs at The Not So Big Society
This article is published by Guardian Professional. Join the social care network to receive regular emails and exclusive offers.


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Quidditch Club
Quidditch is a fast-paced game based off of the flying-broomstick Harry Potter sport with the same name. In Muggle Quidditch, which is what we non-magical people play; there are four balls, seven players on each team and a whole lot of fun! Stop by our matches or follow us on Facebook, to keep up with this amazing community.
Contact Information
President - Mark Bacofer
Treasurer - Micaela Robertson
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Sport Clubs Graduate Assistant, Kelly Cartner by e-mail or phone 209.932.2917.


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The Bellator 92 weigh-ins have been completed from Temecula's Pechanga Resort and Casino in preparation for Bellator MMA's March 7th event, which will showcase the Featherweight and Middleweight Tournament Semifinals. Read More »
Tag Archives: Chris SaundersFeed Subscription
Pandemonium blog: Promoter Craig Zimmerman on dealing with fighter injuries
I want to take this time to introduce myself and my promotion to the ProMMAnow.com community. My name is Craig Zimmerman and I promote the MEZ Sports Pandemonium Fight Series in California. Read More »
Casey Olson vs. Ian Loveland 135 title bout headlines Tachi Palace Fights 14
"Tachi Palace Fights 14: Validation" is scheduled to take place Friday, Sept. 7, at Tachi Palace Hotel & Casino in Lemoore, Calif. The promotion that has helped produce some of the UFC's top lighter weight talent returns next month with two Championship bouts. Read More »
Eliminated competitors of The Ultimate Fighter Live will compete on TUF Finale
There are four competitors left competing in the Ultimate Fighter Live tournament, however, all but two of them who were eliminated from the tournament before the semifinals will get a chance to compete once again for the UFC (barring injury suspension) at the Ultimate Fighter Live Finale which airs on FX on June 1st. Read More »
TUF Live episode 11 recap: Pichel, Iaquinta advance to semis
Episode No. 11 of "The Ultimate Fighter: Live" not only determines the final two fighters to make the semifinals, but also the reveal of the opponent that will be facing Urijah Faber at UFC 148 for the interim bantamweight championship belt. Read More »
TUF Live episode 8: 'The Lion's Den' flash quotes and notes
The Ultimate Fighter® Live episode 8 – 'The Lion's Den' – aired Friday evening and saw Team Faber take the lead once more as Chris Saunders nabbed a split decision win over Sam Sicilia. Read More »
TUF Live episode 8 recap: Saunders decisions Sicilia to give Team Faber fourth win
Team Faber's Chris Saunders proves that being picked last means nothing as he takes out the number two pick of Team Cruz, earning a split decision victory over Sam Sicilia. Read More »
Curran, Sandro advance to Featherweight Finals as Bellator makes debut at Casino Rama, in Rama, Ontario, Canada
Horodecki impresses raucous hometown crowd; Grove takes down Jensen in instant classic Rama, ON (July 23, 2011) — In front of a sold out crowd, Bellator made its international debut from Casino Rama in Ontario as featherweights Pat Curran and ... Read More »
Bellator 47 weigh-in results
Fighter weigh-ins for Bellator 47 took place Friday at Casino Rama in Rama, Ontario, Canada. All main card fighters made weight without incident. Read More »
Chris Horodecki vs. Chris Saunders headline Bellator 47 feature fights
Bellator Fighting Championships will make their Canadian debut on Saturday, July 23, at Casino Rama in Rama, Ontario. Ontario's Chris Horodecki will face Chris Saunders in the "feature fights" headliner. Read More »


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Villa celebrates expansion
By Eileen Mellon, Special to the Citizen 06/26/12
Five years of various construction projects have transformed and enhanced the 178-year-old campus of St. Joseph's Villa into a modern, vibrant facility that serves as a safe and efficient community resource for families.
Earlier this month, Villa officials gathered with clients, volunteers, students, Henrico County Manager Virgil Hazelett and Fairfield Supervisor Frank Thornton to celebrate the campus' transformation.
There was a strong sense of excitement and accomplishment in the air during the June 6 event at the Villa, where the changes will ensure that it remains a vital resource for needy families – 82 percent of them from Henrico. The improvements have helped the Villa build new partnerships, increase capacity, improve efficiency and expand the scope of its services.
"Before this project, we were serving 800 [people] – now we are serving about 2,000," said Board of Trustees member JoAnne K. Henry.
The renovation is the first major construction of infrastructure and roadways on the 82 acre campus since 1931. A major investment is the new perimeter road that makes it safer for the 450 vehicles that access the campus each day, while removing them from the pedestrian walkways and safeguarding clients, staff, visitors and children.
"My son has attended the Villa for four years and will be graduating this year. I think it's wonderful and it gives the children time to walk through the school without cars going by," said parent Jaralyn McIntosh. "It's the best idea they could've come up with."
Other significant features include a new culinary arts center for dining and career training, a pedestrian avenue and walkways to connect buildings and campus resources, renovation of the gym and underground infrastructures including utilities and technology and restoration of the central garden and green spaces to promote outdoor learning and therapy.
The transformation began five years ago when architects, board members, engineers and staff devised a master plan for the future of St. Joseph's Villa with safety and transportation as the main goals.
The building committee, led by Villa Chairman John Gentry, held monthly meetings for 26 months to create budgets plans and implement work. The Villa launched its first ever capital campaign, "Believing is Seeing," with a goal of $10 million. Despite launching the campaign during one of the worst economic recessions in recent history, the Villa reached 99 percent of its goal. The money raised came from various donations from businesses, grants, staff, board members and friends.
The transformation is one that not only has helped expand the reach and scope of services the Villa can offer but has also been an example for the students.
"The number one reason to love the new campus is because of inspiration for transformation. Seeing what the campus has become inspires a sense of possibility in the individuals that they serve here," said Villa senior Ellen Trebour during the grand reopening.
Said Villa CEO Kathleen Barrett: "They have been thrilled; we asked the students for their input and how they felt about everything. They were involved every step of the way, and everyone loves the finished project."
Established in 1834 by the Daughters of Charity to serve as an orphanage and school, the Villa has now evolved as the oldest and largest continuously operating children's nonprofit organization in the metro region. It is a non-religious affiliated, non-profit organization that works to serve children and families by providing children with special needs the opportunity to succeed through innovative educational and day programs. Many of those served are dealing with autism, homelessness, or physical and mental disabilities that would classify the children as "at risk."
The project was recently awarded the Greater Richmond Association Commercial Real Estate Award for the best site improvements in 2011. The project finished under budget and before the targeted completion date.
Richmond Montessori School earns VAIS reaccreditation
Citizen Staff Reports 06/26/2017 EducationGeneral News
Richmond Montessori School, an independent Montessori school for children ages 2 to 14, recently earned reaccreditation from the Virginia Association of Independent Schools. The VAIS accreditation program is one of only a few recognized at the national level through the National Association of Independent School's Commission on Accreditation and is also recognized and approved by the Virginia Board of Education through the Virginia Council for Private Education. > Read more.
Business in brief
Citizen Staff Reports 06/26/2017 BusinessBusiness in BriefGeneral News
Neil Burton, the founder of Strangeways Brewing in Henrico, will serve on the 2017-18 Leadership Council of The Virginia Craft Brewers Guild (VCBG). Burton will share the chairmanship of the Marketing & Tourism Committee with Kevin Erskine of Coelacanth Brewing. Other local brewers in leadership positions include Eric McKay of Hardywood Park Craft Brewery (VCBG chair), Hunter Smith of Champion Brewing Company (co-chair of the Government Affairs Committee) and Kate Lee of Hardywood (co-chair of the Quality Committee). > Read more.
James River Juvenile Detention Center to graduate its largest class
Citizen Staff Reports 06/25/2017 General NewsGovernment
James River Juvenile Detention Center will celebrate its largest class of high school graduates June 27, as 13 residents receive their high school diploma or GED certificate.
The ceremony will be held at 10 a.m. at the detention center, 3650 Beaumont Road in Powhatan County. The graduates will mark their academic milestone by walking across a stage in a cap and gown before an audience of family members. A reception will follow. > Read more.
The ceremony will be held at 10 a.m. at the detention center, 3650 Beaumont Road in Powhatan County. The graduates will mark their academic milestone by walking across a stage in a cap and gown before an audience of family members. A reception will follow. > Read more.
Henrico School Board selects redistricting Option E
Citizen Staff Reports 06/23/2017 EducationGeneral News
JUNE 23, 10:30 A.M. – The Henrico County School Board Thursday concluded its latest redistricting process by selecting a plan for middle school redistricting that will impact a number of students in the western and northern parts of the county, as well as a few in Eastern Henrico.
The process sought to reduce overcrowding at Hungary Creek Middle School, create room at Wilder Middle School for a gifted academy and address the poverty level disparity among some middle schools. It will impact about 775 students, according to school system officials. > Read more.
'Senior Cool Care' program to help older adults in Metro Richmond
Citizen Staff Reports 06/22/2017 FeaturesGeneral News
For the 27th year, Senior Connections, The Capital Area Agency on Aging is helping older adults combat summer heat through a program now called "Senior Cool Care" (formerly the Fan Care program) that provides fan and air conditioning units for eligible senior citizens.
The program is available to low-income older adults age 60 and older who reside in the City of Richmond and the counties of Charles City, Chesterfield, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent and Powhatan. > Read more.
'Senior Cool Care' program to help older adults in Metro Richmond
Cyclist killed in crash was 52-year-old man
Henrico man sentenced to 10 years in prison for dealing heroin
Glen Allen HS student earns playwriting residency
Missing Eastern Henrico man found dead
- More News
Print Edition
Jun. 15, 2017Current edition | Archive
Weekend Top 10
'Taste of Virginia' returning to Innsbrook Pavilion July 1
Restaurant Watch
Weekend Top 10
Yoga center hosting art exhibit
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Hoyle S. "Chick" Walters
Obituary – Janet Sue Vest
Obituary – Barbara Jean (Chilton) Crider
- More Obituaries
Anthem LemonAid registration now open
YMCA to offer free weekend access for teens this summer
Henrico NAACP to host public safety forum June 10
- More Community
Growing a grown-up: Part II
How to grow an adult
Make 'em take the pledge: no more snuff boxes!
- More Opinions
Code Lacrosse joins Richmond Strikers
5 Henrico student-athletes win scholarships at awards dinner
RIR to host playoff race in 2018
- More Sports
|June 2017
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CalendarLewis Ginter Botanical Garden will present Flowers After 5 on Thursday evenings through September. Stroll through the gardens and enjoy live music from Reflections Big Band, as well as family activities, wine and beer, dining and shopping. Lawn chairs and blankets are welcome. The Garden partners with the Richmond SPCA on the second and fourth Thursdays of the month for Fidos After 5 where leashed pets are allowed. Admission is $8 to $13 or free for members. For details, visit http://www.lewisginter.org. Full text


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Certified Nurse Midwife Licensure and Practice
Licensure Procedures
Renewal / Reactivation / Reinstatement
Collaborative Agreement
Address Change / Duplicate License Request
- To practice full scope a Collaborative Agreement is required and must be pre-approved
- Scope with collaborative agreement includes: Nurse Midwife Functions - see SDCL 36-9A-13
- Scope and APN Functions of the CNP and CNM without an approved collaborative agreement- see SDCL 36-9A-13.1
- Administrative Rules 20:62
- Cautionary Letter - Treating Minors
- Controlled Substance Privileges: Nurse Practitioner and Nurse Midwife
- DEA Q&A: Issuance of Multiple Prescriptions for Schedule II Controlled Substances
- Issuance of Multiple Scripts for Schedule II Controlled Substances
- Federal DEA Renewal Alert
- Renewal Applications Online - Starting January 1, 2017, DEA will only send out one renewal notification in accordance with Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1301.13(e)(3). The renewal notification will be sent to the "mail to†address for each DEA registrant approximately 65 days prior to the expiration date. No other reminders to renew the DEA registration will be mailed.
This is to also advise you that the online capability to renew a DEA registration after the expiration date will no longer be available. You will have to complete an application for a new DEA registration if you do not renew by midnight Eastern Time of the expiration date. The original DEA registration will not be reinstated.
Paper renewal applications will not be accepted the day after the expiration date. If DEA has not received the paper renewal application by the day of the expiration date, mailed in renewal applications will be returned and the registrant will have to apply for a new DEA registration.
DEA Form 224a – Retail Pharmacy, Hospital/Clinic, Practitioner, or Teaching Institution
- NPI Numbers / National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)
- Acquisition, Dispensing, and Distribution Records - see ARSD 44:58:07:04
- Policies and Procedures - see ARSD 44:73:08:01:01
- Medicare Learning Network Advanced Practice Nursing & Physician Assistants Web Page


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"If anyone wants to know about Dr. Kaplove them pick up the phone and call me!!!"
- Earl Barroll
"I have been coming to Elana for about
3 years now. I used to have discomfort with the knots in my back. She
made them disappear and every time I come to her I feel great. She knows
exactly what she is doing; I can't wait to come for my appointment. SHE
IS THE BEST. Thank you!"
- Shalini Miriyala
"I have been seeing Elana& her
dynamic team of healing professionals, for almost 2 years without, Back
in Balance, my healing and prognosis would not be where it is today.
Thank you for all you do, to help me feel better, every week since my
- Melissa Pierce
"Elana Kaplove is one of a kind. Elana
deals with the physical and spiritual root. I highly recommend Dr.
Kaplove and Back in Balance for any small or large condition."
- Daniel Chasan
"Incredible care, patience and results."
- Roy Schanke
"Back in Balance is an amazing
chiropractic and holistic healing office with a truly talented staff. I
recommend them to everyone I know!"
"I have been given the best care by Dr. Kaplove! The staff is friendly and helpful. It is a pleasure to come into the office!!"
- Bryan Ballejo
"The people are great, treatment is God sent improved quality of my life, pain free, improved mental health."
- John Uram
"I have been treated for neck and back
pain since 1991 by the US Army & VA. When they referred me I was
very skeptical (just another waste of time!). But, finally I see real
progress. Thanks Back in Balance. "
- James Peavy
"Staff is very accommodating with
scheduling. Very satisfied with Dr. Kaplove and admin staff.Feeling 100%
better since beginning therapy."
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"I have been coming to Back in Balance for over a year now. The staff is wonderful and very caring."
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"Dr. Kaplove is amazing, she is combining quality of highest professional care and kind person who care about everything she does."
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"I was referred to Dr. Elana Kaplove by the VA. For my S.I joint dysfunction. Not only did Dr. Elana fix my S.I. but a very painful knee problem as well. She is the most talented and effective chiropractor I've been to in my 30 years' experience!"
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"After a session with anyone of the many healers at Back in Balance, I walk out as if I'm in the clouds."
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- Sarah Melissa Ebbing
"Thank you for being so nice"
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"Both my husband, Richard Diamond, and
myself, Dorothy Diamond, are patients of Dr. Elana Kaplove for over 3
years. It was a relationship that started by happenstance. She bought
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The rest is history. I think the one view we both have of Dr. Kaplove is
that she, and her entire office, make you feel, no, they actually
believe fully in making you feel so much better after your visit then
when you first come in. That is their primary and most important goal.
As far as we are concerned, they have a 100% record of achieving that
Richard & I have very different back and body issues. Once you are a patient of Dr. Kaplove, she evaluates your situation and designs a method of treatment for you as an individual. In this case, her office truly is a holistic environment well suited for the care of her patients. She surrounds herself with professionals well educated both academically, as well as, experience wise to provide a well rounded approach to the cure or at least, a reasonable fact simile for their patients. One example of Dr. Kaplove's staff is Julene, office manager 'extraordinaire'. She juggles many different roles: either she is assisting Dr. Kaplove in administering pain relieving treatments or, she is in charge of the office staff and the endless task of running the administration of the back office duties. She always meets and greets the patient with a big smile and warm reception when she is at her desk. My husband is very fond of her weekly ultrasound treatments. All the licensed professionals take pride in their work, reach out to each patient giving them the 'personal touch' on the road to feeling better.
Skeptical as my children tend to be, both our daughter and son are patients of Dr. Kaplove. Our daughter, who lives in Manhattan, NY, makes sure she has at least two or three appointments with the doctor on all of her visits to us. My son lives in the area and contracted a severe case of 'Bells palsy' recently. The entire office offered their services to expedite the almost inevitable cure. He is extremely grateful for all they accomplished on his behalf."
- Richard and Dorothy Diamond
General Office Hours
8:30 am-5:30 pm
8:00 am-7:30 pm
8:30 am-5:30 pm
10:00 am-7:30 pm
8:30 am-5:00 pm
8:00 am-5:00 pm
Dr. Kaplove's Hours Summer Hours***
8:30 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-7:00 pm
8:30 am-5:00 pm
10:00 am-7:30 pm
8:45 am-5:00 pm


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Surveillance methods used to capture suspects on valley crime spree
Lengthy investigation revealed crimes throughout Coachella Valley
LA QUINTA, Calif. - Two people have been arrested after a lengthy investigation revealed they were responsible for crimes in La Quinta, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, Rancho Mirage and Indio.
The La Quinta Police Department's Special Enforcement Team said 36-year-old Indio resident Raymond Araujo and 31-year-old Esther Montoya of Coachella were arrested Wednesday.
Authorities said they used specialized surveillance methods to determine Araujo and Montoya were burglarizing vehicles and stealing personal property, including purses and wallets to use victim's credit cards at various businesses throughout the Coachella Valley.
Search warrants were served at both of their homes. Araujo lives in the 45000 block of Deglet Noor in Indio and Montoya lives in the 51000 block of La Ponderosa in Coachella, according to a release.
Two vehicles were impounded to collect evidence.
Both suspects were already on probation for burglary and fraud in Riverside County when they were arrested. They were booked into the Riverside County Jail in Indio on multiple charges.
Raymond Araujo is charged with:
- 10 counts of burglary (vehicles and commercial)
- 8 counts of fraudulent use of credit cards
- 12 counts of possession of stolen property
- 8 counts of identity theft
- 21 counts of violating probation
Esther Montoya is charged with:
- 7 counts of burglary (vehicle and commercial)
- 4 counts of fraudulent use of credit cards
- 12 counts of possession of stolen property
- 4 counts of identity theft
- 14 counts of violation of probation
The La Quinta Special Enforcement Team is still investigating other criminal cases that Araujo and Montoya are suspected to be involved with.
Anyone who might have information is asked to contact officers Evan Kibbey or Rebecca Smith at 760-863-8990.


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Have a Tax Question? Ask a Tax Expert
Thank you having the trust to answer your question. When answered to your satisfaction be sure to hit ACCEPT. TIPS are welcomed / good deeds come back
Why not tell your parents?
First of all, your parents can only claim you up to 25 yrs old providing that they are supporting you and either you live with them or in seperate housing.
If you are working and you pay taxes, you can ask your parent for yourself to take the exemption since you will get more money back and yet they can still deduct that school expenses on their taxes.
There is no way you can hide it if you take the exemption. For example, let's say on January 15, 2012 you go into a Tax Office and E-File your Taxes and Claimed yourself or You
Claimed Married
When your parents file, they will get a "reject" on their efile when they claim you and they will have to take you off their taxes to in order to complete their taxes.
They will NEVER know the nature of your filing or or you Status. Meaning, they wont know if you filed single or married.
But I live to learn in my life, it's better not to live with secrets and hear the stuff now then later it jumps out at you and the issue of trust is greater.
I know, you must be in love and maybe your parents don't agree with the decisions you want to make and they may want to cut you off, you will need to prepare yourself because if you love someone that much, you must be willing to make the sacrafice to stand by the one you love.
So I alway say, stand in front of your bride and take the hit if you love her or him.
Thank you


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In summary, culture affects every aspect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or ugly. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another! In fact, we don't usually think about our culture until somebody violates a culturally-based expectation or we find ourselves in a situation where we have the feeling that WE violated somebody else's cultural expectations, but are uncertain how.
So much of what causes conflict or confusion is the part of the culture that we can't see or touch. Consider the following illustration and notice the differences between the aspects of culture above and below the "waterline." The "tip of the iceberg" is the behavior and "external culture" that can be easily observed. The waterline marks the transition into beliefs. And the bottom portion of the iceberg represents the values and thought patterns that make up the "internal culture" which is subconscious and more difficult to observe.
Cultural misunderstandings and conflicts arise mostly out of culturally-shaped perceptions and interpretations of each other's cultural norms, values, and beliefs (those elements below the waterline). Entering another culture is like two icebergs colliding - the real clash occurs beneath the water where values and thought patterns conflict.
Graphic adapted from Understanding and Coping with Cross Cultural Adjustment Stress
in R.M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the Intercultural Experience, page 160.
CULTURE can be defined as the ways in which people relate themselves to their physical and social environment, and how they express these relationships.
CULTURE SHOCK can be defined as "a set of emotional reactions to the loss of perceptual reinforcement from one's own culture, to new culture stimuli which have little or no meaning, and to the misunderstanding of new and diverse experiences" (Peter Adler). It can also be defined as the expected confrontation with the unfamiliar (R. Michael Paige). However, experts feel that the name "culture shock" is misleading because it makes us think of a single moment of shock rather than the more accurate idea that culture shock evolves over a longer period of time and involves mixed emotions. Although a culture can be shocking at times, the reaction to differences is usually more subtle because it is the accumulation of many experiences in a new culture that forms our opinions. For this reason, many experts in this field prefer the term "culture fatigue."
The phrase "culture shock" was coined by Cora DuBois in 1951. Kalvero Obert, the first to systematically define and study culture shock, described it as being cut off from your own cultural cues.
"These signs and cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life - when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people; when and how to give tips; how to make purchases; when to accept a date and when to refuse invitations; when to take statements seriously and when not." (Kalvero, Oberg, "Cultural Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments," Practical Anthropology 7 (1960); 177)


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This item from Scholaert Cassel Galleries is now SOLD.
More from Scholaert Cassel Galleries
Steuben "Pegasus" Engraved Vase
This is a great piece of engraved vintage Steuben crystal c. 1935. The vase is of classical shape on a pedestal base. Designed by Sidney Waugh, this vase is entitled "Pegasus" and depicts the mythological winged horse in wonderful detail.
Dimensions: Approximately 18.2 cm (7 1/8 in) height.
Signature: "Steuben" script signature on the base.
Condition: Good. No chips, cracks, or repairs. Wear consistent with age and a light scratch to the body.
Reference: ""Steuben Glass, An American Tradition in Crystal" by Mary Jean Madigan, page 242 (see photo).
A Note About the Artist:
Sidney Waugh was one of the persons responsible for Steuben's reorganization in 1933 and he was the chief associate designer with the firm until 1963. As a sculptor, Waugh received many awards including the Rome Prize for his outstanding contribution to American sculpture.
He was born at Hamhurst, Massachusetts and educated at Hamhurst College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture, as well as the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. For a time he was a pupil and assistant to Henri Bouchard.
Among his sculptural commissions were works for the United States Federal Court Building, John Hopkins University and the United States Battle Monument in Florence, Italy. He was director of the Rhinehart School of Sculpture in Baltimore, Maryland from 1942 to 1957 and the author of The Art of Glass Making (1938) and The Making of Fine Glass (1947).
Over the years he designed both the form and the engravings for many important pieces of Steuben crystal. His works are held in many public and private collections in the United States and abroad.
A Note About the Manufacturer:
For 100 years, Steuben has been at the forefront of glass design, balancing state-of-the-art technological advancements with centuries-old traditional glassmaking techniques. Founder Frederick Carder was born in England and was a self-trained chemist, physicist, draftsman, and potter. He became passionate about glassmaking as a child growing up in Staffordshire and spent time sketching, modeling, and playing with clay at his grandfather's pottery factory.
In 1878, his grandfather died and his father and uncles inherited the factory not appreciating the talents of the ambitious 15 year old. He left and took a job as draftsman and designer at a local glassmaking firm, Stevens & Williams. Here, he was allowed to experiment with colorizing agents and create new designs in colored glass, cameo glass, and engraved glass. The company put his designs into production, and they were such a commercial success that it eventually sent him on "fact finding" trips to Austria, Germany, and the United States.
In 1903, Carder was on his way to meet Thomas E. Hawkes, the president of a Corning company that bought glass blanks from Stevens & Williams. When Hawkes offered to establish a glass factory for Carder, Carder accepted. He named the company Steuben after the county where it was located and began production almost immediately. Steuben Glass Works specialized in colorful Art Nouveau glass just coming into popularity, and the early years were the most productive.
In 1918, the Corning Glass Works acquired Steuben as both companies positioned themselves for the years following World War I, and Frederick Carder continued in his capacity of Managing Director of the new "Steuben Division" of Corning Glass.
In 1932, Steuben made one of its most significant technological advances, a glass they named "10M" which had extremely high refractive qualities that permitting the entire light wave spectrum to pass through the glass, including the ultraviolet range. In 1933, Arthur A. Houghton, Jr. became Steuben's new president, and he introduced to the market this clear, pure 10M glass now known as Steuben crystal.
Houghton collaborated with sculptor Sidney Waugh and architect John Gates. With the introduction of Steuben crystal, colored glass was gradually phased out of Steuben production, and the Steuben Division became known as simply Steuben Glass.
Gazelle, Steuben's first major engraved design, was introduced in 1935 and reflects the influences of Swedish simplicity and the massive geometry of Art Deco; this is the first Steuben pattern that utilizes all of Steuben's renowned glassmaking techniques: blowing, cutting, polishing, and copper-wheel engraving.
Having now made glass for over 100 years, Steuben has always sought to balance state-of-the-art technological advancements with the centuries old craft of glassmaking and the skills of the craftsmen. They continue today to create distinctive designs and to adhere to the "hand methods" of forming, polishing and engraving fine art glass in a mission to produce "the finest glass the world has ever seen."
If you were the pending buyer of this item, go to My Account to view, track and check payment for this item.
Scholaert Cassel Galleries
Christine & Hugh Scholaert
Ridgeville, ON
A passion for glass
Antique, vintage and studio glass from well known brands and artists


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Anyone used ClearKote products?
Anyone used ClearKote products, mainly wax, glaze?
I found few products from different websites and would appreciate some feedbacks.
1. ClearKote Moose Wax
2. ClearKote Vanilla Moose Wax Hand Glaze
3. ClearKote Carnauba Wax
4. ClearKote Red Moose Machine Glaze
5. ClearKote Blue Moose
6. ClearKote Compound Moose
7. ClearKote Yellow Cream Wax
I have a steel gray car, if that matters.
Thank you
We carry the ClearKote line and we are hesitant to stock up on their new products. They make a good product, but I feel for the value, Poorboy's and Menzerna give you better results. The one thing I do like is their carnauba can be applied with a buffer since its not a paste wax. Of all their products, I like their Vanilla Moose Wax Hand Glaze as a finishing polish. One downfall of their products is they are very deceiving with their names in regards to what the products actually do. Good products, not the best.
Let me know if you have any specific questions you may have on the items.
George @ DI
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Your Cat, Your Life
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|Topic Review (Newest First)
Another point is that the Atomic 4 is a physically lighter engine: I can just about carry one if you take the flywheel and the manifold off. Also, if you actually like to *sail* as opposed to motoring or motorsailing your sailboat, a gas engine is more appropriate than a diesel, which doesn't like to start in some cold, damp situations, and when started, prefers not to stop, i.e. you should really run a diesel at load until it is throughly warmed up. The Atomic 4 and the much rarer if similar marine gas inboards like the Vire 7 or the Palmer are low-compression engines that don't mind being switched on and off in ten-minute cycles, which is the usual time I find from sailing off the mooring and getting out into open water and motoring head to wind while I tweak the sails.
There is an extensive network of Atomic 4 diehards, plus the means to buy new blocks and completely rehabbed parts, plus aftermarket improvements. Lastly, they are simple to service. I took theatre instead of shop in high school due to the presence of easily persuaded girls in drama class, but I learned by rebuilding an Atomic 4 that I have delusions of mechanical aptitude. Now I've got a 52 horse diesel to play with, we'll see if I get chastised or not.
I do concur that diesels are more economical when doing a lot of distance, but with my Atomic 4, unless I go cruising down the lake, I have difficulty using ten gallons or 15 hours of running time a season.
Painting the deck a color other than white or a very light off-white is usually a serious mistake. The deck will heat up a lot due to the sunlight hitting it. On some boats, using a darker color paint will cause the fiberglass cloth to "print through" because the resin will cure more as it heats due to the sunlight.
As for the Atomic 4. There are plenty of boats out there with gasoline engines... the main issues with the Atomic 4 are: 1) Gasoline is a bit more dangerous and volatile than diesel as fuels go. 2) Diesel engines tend to be quite a bit more fuel efficient.
If the boat is properly setup, with a bilge blower and the engine well maintained, then the danger of gasoline as a fuel really isn't much of an issue. The Atomic 4 will require more fuel to get the boat the same distance as a similarly sized diesel, but the diesel would be noisier.
|The original / traditional colour of parts of my boat is olive, but most of it is off white. I have kept it that way to maintain the tradition. It's unusual, but that's it only benefit. The rescue services wish we would paint our boats a different colour from white, blue and green as those colours blend in well with a stormy sea. There are a few racers who are brave enough to go to bright red or yellow. But it's hardly discreet.
Good advise, also consider the internal heat differential before you paint. If you want to see a paint jhttp://www.latsandatts.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4422
View topic - hey richie!!! : Cruisers Forum : Latitudes & Attitudes Magazineob, check this out. It takes awhile, but is worth it. Sorry, not good on BM's so go there and click on svseriea
|soul searcher
I,m not sure what you want to know about the paint job, you should paint the color you like not what some one else likes.
I will weigh in on the gas vs diesel issue though.
Repowering a boat is never easy and usually a very costly deal. You will most likely have to modify the engin beds ands mounts possibly your shaft or engine box. then you get into running fuel return lines, new guages, and it just goes on and on. It may end up costing more than the boat. Diesle is definatley a safer fuel and preferable to gas but not to the point where I would spend the dough unless I knew I was keeping the boat for the rest of my days. Personally I would just rebuild It If possible.
JagsBch: That really sounds like an ugly paint combination, this question seems to resurface every now and then regarding color combinations, and men seem to be somewhat color blind. Ask your wife, girlfriend, sister or all three what they think of the colors. You'll probably get an honest reply.
Nothing wrong with the Atomic 4 if you can get it to run, just remember to vent before starting the engine. A diesel, even a used one would probably cost with installation as much as the boat, and won't add any value to it.
Just MHO but a boat with strange paint looses its market appeal when you plan to sell.
Need some advice
I was thinking about painting my 1966 29 Islander sort of this olive color but darker. I'd really like some advice on the topic. Someone offered to paint my deck and hull for my 20" Mirage. All I had to do was prep the deck by taping off all the wood and pay for the lift and bottom Job, he is supplying the paint. I think this is a pretty good deal since I only paid 2300 for the Mirage.
I was thinking about painting it teal, but this other painter named John said it would make me hurl when I was done. I am going to use the teal as an accent right below the deck where the fancy groove design is. Should I use the Aqua Guard water base paint on the bottom, I hear it is rated high? What color? Oh and should go with black or teal for the line separating the bottom from the rest of the hull?
Tab, the guy who is painting my boat wants the 20' Mirage for the annual Mug Race @ the St. Johns River. The boat needs a paint Job not to mention the rudder repairerd...
I keep hearing conflicting reports about the Atomic 4. Word is I can actually repair the 40 year old engine in the boat, I am hearing that the Atomic runs smoother, and it wont stink up your boat like a diesel. I was seriesly thinking about replacing the atomic with a diesel, but now I am wondering if it would be worth just getting the atomic back to running condition, or even buying a new atomic.
I am really loving the Islander and would appreciate any advice on the matter. Thanks, Beach.
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Acta Cirurgica Brasileira
On-line version ISSN 1678-2674
Acta Cir. Bras. vol.27 no.4 São Paulo Apr. 2012
Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell after middle cerebral artery occlusion1
Transplante de células-tronco embrionárias de camundongo após a oclusão da artéria cerebral média
Tae-Hoon LeeI; Yoon-Seok LeeII
IPhD, Professor, Department of Emergency Medical Service, Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea. Final approval of manuscript
IIPhD, Professor, Department of Health Administration, Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea. Technical procedures
PURPOSE: Stem cell transplantation has been extensively studied as individual therapies for ischemic stroke. The present investigation is an initial effort to combine these methods to achieve increased therapeutic effects after brain ischemia. Cell transplantation may recover massive neuronal loss by replacing damaged brain cells.
METHODS: Undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells were used to induce differentiation in vitro into neuron-like cells with good cell viability for use a graft. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats using intra-luminal vascular occlusion, and infused mES cells after MCAO. The animals were examined behaviorally using motor and sensory test with neurological assessment.
RESULTS: Motor function of the recipients was gradually improved, whereas little improvement was observed in control rats. This result may suggest that the grafted cells have synaptic connection in the recipient brain. Our study revealed that stem cell transplantation can have a positive effect on behavioral recovery and reduction of infarct size in focal ischemic rats. Consequently after euthanasia, rats were histochemically investigated to explore graft survival with green fluorescent protein (GFP).
CONCLUSION: The mouse embryonic stem cells may have advantage for use as a donor source in various neurological disorders including motor dysfunction.
Key words: Ischemia. Embryonic Stem Cells. Middle Cerebral Artery. Transplantation. Mice.
OBJETIVO: O transplante de células-tronco tem sido extensivamente estudado como terapias individuais para o AVC isquêmico. A presente investigação é um esforço inicial para combinar estes métodos para alcançar aumento de efeitos terapêuticos após a isquemia cerebral. O transplante de células pode recuperar a perda neuronal intensa, substituindo as células do cérebro danificado.
MÉTODOS: Células tronco embrionárias indiferenciadas de camundongo foram utilizadas para induzir in vitro a diferenciação de células como neurônio com boa viabilidade para utilizar como enxerto. Neste estudo foi induzida a oclusão da artéria cerebral média em camundongos, usando a oclusão vascular intraluminal e células embrionárias infundidas. Os animais foram examinados comportamentalmente utilizando motor e teste sensorial com avaliação neurológica.
RESULTADOS: A função motora dos receptores melhorou gradualmente, ao passo que pouca melhora foi observada nos animais controle. Este resultado pode sugerir que as células enxertadas têm conexão sináptica no cérebro receptor. Nosso estudo revelou que o transplante de células-tronco pode ter um efeito positivo na recuperação do comportamento e na redução do tamanho do infarto na isquêmica focal em camundongos. Após a eutanásia foi realizada análise histoquímica para avaliar a sobrevida do enxerto com proteína fluorescente verde (GFP).
CONCLUSÃO: As células embrionárias de camundongo podem ser utilizadas como enxerto em várias desordens neurológicas, incluindo disfunção motora.
Descritores: Isquemia. Células-Tronco Embrionárias. Artéria Cerebral Média. Transplante. Camundongos.
Cell therapy using stem cells is awaited by stroke patients with impaired movement and cognitive functions. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induces a massive unilateral loss of neuron, and it causes behavioral dysfunction in rats1. It is well known that the degree of disability does not simply reflect the severity or distribution of the impaired blood supply, and populations of adjacent cells in the brain can display dramatically different vulnerabilities to equivalent degrees of ischemia. The continued expansion of ischemic infarction is not caused directly by the reduction in local blood flow, but by secondary processes2. The proper process of functional recovery in stroke patients being the main issue, this gradual enlargement of infarction can be limited by a variety of interventions that do not interfere with cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we performed an analysis to investigate the evolution of infarct after MCAO. We performed this analysis in rats, a model system that has been less well characterized. In order to analyze the changes following transient MCAO, several different histochemical methodologies can be utilized. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is one of the most common histochemical stains used to assess cerebral injury. In ischemic tissue, lack of TTC staining is considered "infarcted" and defined as core and viable tissue is stained red3. Although widely accepted and used, TTC staining has received criticism as TTC is a marker of tissue dehydrogenase and mitochondrial dysfunction and may not represent irreversible cell death, therefore this method may overestimate infarct size. Despite this criticism, TTC is still a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive method for analyzing enzymatically dysfunctional cells, most of which will eventually degenerate4. We examined the effects of the transplantation of mouse ES cells on behavioral function induced by focal ischemia in rats. Stem cell transplantation has established as a potential effective therapy for CNS disorders such as ischemic stroke and spinal cord injury. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of proliferating and differentiation into neural progenitor cells with the use of induction protocols leading to the development of functionally mature neurons and glial cells5. Using stem cells including ES cells as grafts has provided hope for tissue repair and functional restoration after CNS injury. Self-renewing, totipotent embryonic stem (ES) cells may become a virtually unlimited donor source for tissue transplantation5-6. ES cells have been shown to differentiate preferentially into neuronal cells, when cultured under the conditions that favor the differentiation, survival and enrichment of neuronal cells6. We have focused on determining the appropriate culture condition to induce neural cell differentiation of ES cells with good cell viability. Thereafter, we have transplanted the ES cell derived neuron-like cells into rats with motor cortex injury as recipients. And we have evaluated adaptation of the graft with GFP-expressing fluorescence and recovery of motor function of rats transplanted with ES cell-derived neuron-like cells. A cell based-therapy may have the advantage of exerting multiple therapeutic effects at various sites and times within the lesion as the cells respond to a particular pathological microenvironment. Although a single injection of mESCs several hours after ischemia onset can reduce infarction size and improve functional outcome in rodent cerebral ischemia models7. To this end, infusion of growth factors has been shown to promote endogenous progenitor proliferation in response to ischemia and subsequently migrate into the hippocampus to regenerate new neurons8. Although endogenous neurogenesis and migration of precursor cells may help to replace some lost neurons in brain structures such as striatum9, transplantation of exogenous stem cells remains to be the most liable way to repair the massive damage in the cerebral cortex after ischemic stroke. There have been many reports that embryonic or neural stem cell graft reduces the infarct size with functional improvement in the experimental models. Most previous studies agreed that stem cell therapy is an attractive or promising candidate for functional repair in cases of brain damage10. Thus, the priming strategy tested in stem cell transplantation after brain ischemia may represent a clinically feasible manipulation of cell preparation for more effective transplantation therapy.
Experimental design
Twenty four transient ischemic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat models were prepared. After the MCAO procedures, all of the rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n=24): infarct with PBS-only injection (group A, n=10), infarct with mESC transplantation (group B, n=14).
Mouse embryonic stem cell culture
ES cell cultures were prepared from stocks of an EK1 cell line (TC-1 derived from 129S6) maintained in our laboratory. Not more than 40 passages were used for experiments. The passage procedure of undifferentiated ES cells was performed every 2 days on gelatin-coated T25 flasks in the presence of 1000 U/ml of leukemia inhibitory factor from Chemicon International (LIF) (LIF2010, Temecula, CA) and high-glucose dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (GibcoBRL, Germany) with 15% FBS (Hyclone), 0.1 mM mercaptoethanol, 1 uM sodium pyruvate, 1x non-essential amino acids and 1 mM L-glutamine (GibcoBRL). Briefly, ES cells were harvested from T25 flasks by trypsinization with 0.25% trypsin and placed into a standard 100-mm bacterial Petri dish in ESIM without adding LIF or β-mercaptoethanol. Medium was removed and cells were resuspended in modified Sato medium. Cells were then plated on poly-D-lysine (PDL) and laminin coated 35-mm glassbottom dishes for imaging studies or 24-well plates in preparation for serum deprivation (SD) experiments.
Middle cerebral artery occlusion model
The rat MCAO model was used as a stroke model. This study was approved by the animal care and use committee of Namseoul University, and all procedures were carried out in accordance with institutional guidelines. We induced permanent MCAO by using a previously described method of intraluminal vascular occlusion.11 Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) weighing 250-300g were anesthetized with an intrapenitoneal (i.p. ) injection of ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg). We induced transient left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 90 min as previously described10-11. Briefly, a 4-0 nylon monofilament coated with silicone was inserted from the left common carotid artery (CCA) via the internal carotid artery to the base of the left MCA. After the occlusion for 20 minutes, the filament was withdrawn.
Cell transplantation and TTC staining
The rats received one injection of mES cells along the anterior-posterior axis of the ipsilateral cortex targeting to the striatum by using a predetermined stereotactic frame (David Kopf Instrument, Tujunga, CA, USA) three hours after MCAO. After anesthesia with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (90 mg/kg) or urethane anesthetized (1.5g/kg, 30% aqueous solution, ip), the rats were given 25.0 µl deposits of suspended cells (3 x 105 cells per µl) along the anterior-posterior axis into the target brain at these coordinates: from the bregma, 1.5 mm laterally and to 3 mm depth. The deposits were delivered by an infusion pump at 0.5 µl/min. Cells were injected while withdrawing the pipette in 100 µm increments. A 2 min waiting period at the end of injection allowed the ES cells to settle before needle removal (the total procedure needed about 50 min). To suppress rejection of mouse ES cells, rat hosts of the ESC transplanted group were administered cyclosporine A (15 mg/kg/day s.c. ; Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corp. NJ) diluted in extra virgin oil, starting with a double-dose 1 day before surgery. Ten days after transplantation, the dosage was reduced to 10 mg/kg/day until the day before sacrifice. Rats were euthanized at 15 days of reperfusion. The brains were chilled at -80ºC for 4min to slightly harden the tissue. Five, 2-mm coronal sections were made from the olfactory bulb to the cerebellum and then stained with 1.5% TTC (Sigma, St. Louise, MO). The stained brain sections were captured with Magnifier digital camera.
GFP-gene transfection to mouse ESCs with vector
GFP was transferred for the labeling of transplanted cells using chicken actin-pEGFP-1 vector. Mouse ESCs were exposed to the infectious viral particles in 40 ml of the culture media at 37ºC for 12 h. Cells were infected with recombinant pEGFP-1 vector(Clontech Laboratories, Inc. , Palo Alto, CA) carrying chicken actin promoter. GFP-expression was confirmed at five days after transfection before transplantation. Finally, the GFP labeled cell concentration was adjusted to 3.0×105cells/µl using PBS just before transplantation.
15 days after transplantation, GFP-expressing cells were detected in vivo. Brains of the deeply-anesthetized rats were removed, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphatebuffer, dehydrated with 30% sucrose in 0.1 M PBS for overnight, and frozen in powdered dry ice. Coronal cryostat sections (10 µm) were processed. To excite the GFP fluorescence, a 488-nm laser line generated by an argon laser was used. Confocal images were obtained using a Zeiss laser scanning confocal microscope with the use of Zeiss software.
Statistical analysis
Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA and Student's t test with the Bonferroni correction for multiple pair-wise comparisons were used for statistical analysis. p values <0.05 were considered significant.
Morphological characteristics of mESC
Primary mESCs cultured as plastic adherent cells could be maintained in culture. Figure 1 shows the morphological features of these cells. Characteristic doom like-shaped cells can be recognized. The in vitro neural differentiation from mouse ES to ES-N cells was performed as described previously.
Histological determination of infarction lesion
15 days after transplantation, the rats were perfused and stained with TTC to obtain a second independent measure of infarction volume. Normal brain (gray matter) tissue typically stains with TTC, but infarcted lesions show no or reduced staining. TTC staining obtained 2 weeks after MCAO without cell transplantation is shown in Figure A. Figure B showed that the reduced staining on the lesion side primarily in the corpus striatum. There was a progressive reduction in infarction size with mESC treatment. Intracerebral delivery of mESCs resulted in very substantial reduction in infarct lesion as estimated from TTC staining. Cell transplantation reduces MCAO-induced brain infarction. Representative TTC stained brain sections are shown where rats were injected with PBS (A; n=10) or were transplanted with mESC (B; n=14) after MCAO. Animals were killed 24 h later and the brains were sliced into 2 mm sections and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Infarct volumes in brains from PBS and mESC treated animals are shown in the Figure 2 A, B. Values are presented as mean±SD.
Cell survival and Identification of donor cells in vivo
In the model of focal cerebral ischemia that we employed, which involves occlusion of the MCA at its origin, the striatum is the site of the most pronounced ischemic damage and neuronal loss. Therefore, the first approach we undertook was to transplant cultured neural precursor cells directly into the ischemic region of the rat striatum (Figure 3). This was done 24h after the onset of ischemia, and rats were killed 15 days later. After focal ischemia, however, transplanted cells survived and migrated into the ischemic striatum (Figure 3). The surviving cells of transplanted GFP-positive mESC were mainly resided in the transplanted site in all rats receiving mESCs. The transplanted cells tended to correlate to infarct volumes in each rat.
Motor behavioral index
In order to explore functional benefits of the transplanted mES cells, we assessed neurological and behavioral activities up to 15 days after transplantation. Neurological severity scores (NSS) were calculated based on a series of motor, sensory, reflex, and balance tests12 between control and cell-transplanted, respectively. During 15 days after transplantation, rats that received PBS show a little behavioral improvement, while transplantation of mESC-transplanted already displayed an early beneficial effect on NSS function and performed significantly better than the control group (Figure 4A, B, C). Thus, cell-transplanted group conferred accelerated recovery in a number of sensorimotor activities. By 15 days after transplantation, group that received mESCs performed significantly better compared to control rats. To assess the motor function more specifically, animals were trained on the rotarod three days prior to ischemic insult (five days before transplantation). Transplantation of mESC improved motor function on the rotarod test 15 days after transplantation. Behavioral activities longer than 15 days after transplantation were not tested in this investigation.
The present study revealed several findings that are important for investigators that utilize murine models of stroke. Firstly, the transient MCAO model, which is widely used in stroke research, induces a peak volume of injury as delineated by TTC staining by 24h and remains unchanged through day 7 of reperfusion. A spatiotemporal evolution of core and penumbra was also seen6; at earlier time points the histological infarct core, as measured by TTC is in the striatum, and the viable tissue was around this core, and included the cortex. Subsequently the TTC-defined core expands to involve most of the cortex supplied by the MCA4. Stem cell transplantation can restore function in rodent models of diabetes, immunodeficiency, and myocardial infarction, by stimulating the production of pancreatic b-cells, lymphocytes, or endothelial cells from endogenous precursors13. Several researches reported previously that transplantation of stem cell into rat brain following experimental stroke reduced infarct volume and improved behavioral outcome. In the present study, we found that transplantation also stimulated neurogenesis in the ipsilateral striatum to stroke. Graft placement relative to the lesion was a critical determinant of cell survival; cells deposited close to the lesion edge did not survive well, but transplants survived robustly when located farther from the lesion. This finding suggests that mES cells can survive if they are transplanted into nonischemic tissue. Injected embryonic cells homed to sites of damage in stroke brain14. It has been reported previously that the infarct area of the brain massive macrophage infiltration, in a scavenger role, was noted15.
Because the magnitude of the inflammatory response and its harmful effects as well as the types of released cytokines change with time after ischemia16, the timing of the transplant could significantly influence graft survival, and longer survival could be predicted if cells are transplanted once inflammation has subsided. Moreover, in mESC-transplanted group, significant reduction of apoptotic cells in the ischemic core and infarct volume was observed. Even in a focal stroke model, it was suggested that greater than 80% of newly-formed neurons, which occurs in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricle or in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult brain, died, most likely because of unfavorable environmental condition including lack of trophic support and exposure to toxic products from damaged tissues17.
The present study shows that transplantation of mESC not only increased early survival of transplanted cells but also accelerated behavioral recovery following stroke. This is consistent with previous report that grafted embryonic stem cells develop into functional neurons and could integrate into host cortical circuitry18. The functional recovery 15 days after transplantation suggests the therapeutic advantage of accelerated repair processes and functional restoration.
Although the functional improvement may be regarded as mild, such benefits could be of clinically significance. The promotion of early repair may have two-fold benefits: it may allow patients to regain lost functions faster than transplantation with regular cells; the time saved by the early recovery may be critical for the therapeutic window of function repair in certain tissues5. The motor functional benefit, however, was more persistent in mESC transplantation, showing much better performance than control animals at 15 days after MCAO. More long-term investigation may be needed to verify the persistence of the morphological and functional benefits of the transplantation strategy. The pro-survival effect combined with possible stimulation of endogenous regeneration mechanisms should provide an optimal environment for tissue repair in the damaged brain and contribute to successful functional recovery after ischemic stroke5-6. In our study, the infarct size was significantly reduced in cell-transplanted group compared with the control-operated group. Although the basis for the propagation of injury is unclear, it is well known that an ischemic brain infarct progresses over time19. Therefore, we postulate that the reduction of the infarct area in the transplanted group, compared with the control operated group was induced by reduction of secondary damage in the penumbra area initiated by ischemia and cell death. In addition, cell therapy, rather than direct replacement of the defect through cell transplantation, might trigger certain positive developments in the plasticity and functional recovery of the brain tissue by endogenous cell mediated effect20-21. We demonstrated that intracerebral transplanted mES cells survived, migrated into the infarct area from injection site. A systemically delivered cell based-therapy may have the advantage of exerting multiple therapeutic effects at various sites and times within the lesion.
The cell transplantation therapy represents a novel approach that may enhance the efficacy and effectiveness of stem cell transplantation after ischemic stroke without compromise of long-term safety concerns. This strategy harnesses the innate ability of cells to intrinsically for increased cell survival and repair capability. We propose that cell transplanted strategy presents a unique and beneficial method for improving clinical potential. Further study may prove that, in addition to ischemic stroke, the strategy is applicable to cell therapies for other CNS and non-CNS disorders.
The mouse embryonic stem cells may have advantage for use as a donor source in various neurological disorders including motor dysfunction.
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2. Lin JH, Weigel H, Cotrina ML, Liu S, Bueno E, Hansen AJ, Hansen TW, Goldman S, Nedergaard M. Gap-junction-mediated propagation and amplification of cell injury. Nat Neurosci. 1998;1:494-500. [ Links ]
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4. Liu F, Schafer DP, McCullough LD. TTC, Fluoro-Jade B and NeuN staining confirm evolving phases of infarction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neurosci Met. 2009;179:1-8. [ Links ]
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8. Nakatomi H, Kuriu T, Okabe S, Yamamoto S, Hatano O, Kawahara N, Tamura A, Kirino T, Nakafuku M. Regeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after ischemic brain injury by recruitment of endogenous neural progenitors. Cell. 2002;110:429-41. [ Links ]
9. Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med. 2002;8:963-70. [ Links ]
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11. Kunlin J, Lin X, XiaoOu M, Maeve BG, Alexander M, Botao P, Rose BG, David AG. Effect of human neural precursor cell transplantation on endogenous neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 2011;1374:56-62. [ Links ]
12. Jin K, Sun Y, Xie L, Mao XO, Childs J, Peel A, Logvinova A, Banwait S, Greenberg DA. Comparison of ischemia-directed migration of neural precursor cells after intrastriatal, intraventricular, or intravenous transplantation in the rat. Neurobiol Dis. 2005;18:366-74. [ Links ]
13. Lee TH, Yoon JG. Intracerebral transplantation of human adipose tissue stromal cells after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Clin Neurosci. 2008;15:907-12. [ Links ]
14. DiNapoli VA, Huber JD, Houser K, Lia X, Rosen CL. Early disruptions of the blood-brain barrier may contribute to exacerbated neuronal damage and prolonged functional recovery following stroke in aged rats. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29(5):753-64. [ Links ]
15. Honma T, Honmou O, Iihoshi S, Harada K, Houkin K, Hamada H, Kocsis JD. Intravenous infusion of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells protects against injury in a cerebral ischemia model in adult rat. Exp Neurol. 2006;199(1):56-66. [ Links ]
16. Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999;19:819-34. [ Links ]
17. Englund U, Fricker-Gates RA, Lundberg C, Bjorklund A, Wictorin K. Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells into the neonatal rat brain: extensive migration and differentiation with long-distance axonal projections. Exp Neurol. 2002;173:1-21. [ Links ]
18. Ide K, Horn A, Secher NH. Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1999;87:1604-8. [ Links ]
19. Ikeda N, Nonoguchi N, Zhao MZ, Watanabe T, Kajimoto Y, Furutama D, Kimura F, Dezawa M, Coffin RS, Otsuki Y, Kuroiwa T, Miyatake S. Bone marrow stromal cells that enhanced fibroblast growth factor-2 secretion by herpes simplex virus vector improve neurological outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke. 2005;36:2725-30. [ Links ]
20. Wei L, Han BH, Li Y, Keogh CL, Holtzman DM, Yu SP. Cell death mechanism and protective effect of erythropoietin after focal ischemia in the whisker-barrel cortex of neonatal rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;317:109-16. [ Links ]
21. Iihoshi S, Honmou O, Houkin K, Hashi K, Kocsis JD. A therapeutic window for intravenous administration of autologous bone marrow after cerebral ischemia in adult rats. Brain Res. 2004;8:1-9. [ Links ]
Tae-Hoon Lee
Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea
Tel. : 82-41-580-2732
Fax: 82-41-580-2935
Received: November 14, 2011
Review: January 12, 2012
Accepted: February 15, 2012
Conflict of interest: none
Financial source: Namseoul University
1 Research performed at Namseoul University, Chungnam, Korea.


text:
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Fear not… With a little discipline, a little planning, and a firm resolve, you can beat back the wolves of winter weight. All it takes is a few new strategies for exercising and eating right.
by Neil Zevnik, Huffington Post


text:
As of Tuesday morning , jury selection in the Cooke lawsuit was underway. I wrote yesterday about the basics of the case, but if you want an even briefer summery here it is: the case will decide of the towns of Colorado City, Ariz., and Hildale, Utah, discriminated against a family because they are not members of the FLDS Church.
There are a lot of players in this case, but I've compiled a short list of the major figures. These are the people that will be quoted and referenced in future stories about this case.
The plaintiffs