text:
Graduate Studies
For Students
Below is a list of arachnologists who are willing to sponsor students who wish to obtain an advanced degree involving research on some aspect of the biology of arachnids. Information has been assembled from data contributed by the sponsors listed below. Each entry gives:
- the sponsors's name and department, and institutional affiliation (meaning also the institution where degree/s will be awarded
- the advanced degrees offered
- institution mailing address
- telephone and FAX numbers
- e-mail address
- website (when available)
- a statement of research interests that may be accompanied by further information regarding the graduate program with which the sponsor is affiliated
The primary purpose of this directory is to provide a service to the academic community as part of a continuing effort of the AAS to promote and develop the field of Arachnology. The American Arachnological Society makes neither recommendations nor endorsements of persons or organizations listed.
You can view sponsors alphabetically or by area of research:
- Systematics/Morphology/Phylogeny/Genetics/Paleontonology/Biogeography
- Ecology/Biological Control
- Behavior/Behavioral Ecology/Neurophysiology
- Physiology/Physiological Ecology/Biophysics/Biomechanics
For Faculty
If you would like to add your name to the list of faculty interested in supervising graduate students or update your information, send an email to Jan Weaver with your
- name
- department
- institution that will award the degree
- advanced degrees offered
- institution mailing address
- telephone and fax numbers
- email address
- website address (if available)
- a statement of your research interests and information about the graduate research program
Graduate Sponsors
Please contact Jan Weaver at email@example.com if you would like to add or update your information.
D. Gaffin
I. Agnarsson
A. Rypstra
E. Hebets
INGI AGNARSSON, Assistant Professor
University of Puerto Rico - UPRRP
Degrees offered: Ph.D., M. Sc.
Address: Department of Biology
University of Puerto Rico
PO Box 23360
San Juan PR 00931-3360
Voice: (787) 764 0000 ext 2908 (Office) and (330) 294 8921 (Lab)
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: http://theridiidae.com/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Focus on systematics and biogeography of spiders, evolution of sociality and inbreeding, biodiversity estimation, and phylogenetic theory. Current lab projects on spiders also include silk biomechanics, phylogeography, population genetics, ecology, behavior, conservation, morphology, and taxonomy.
Departmental teaching assistantships are available.
posted Jan. 25, 2009
MAYDIANNE C.B. ANDRADE, Assistant Professor
University of Toronto at Scarborough
Degrees offered: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Address: Division of Life Sciences
University of Toronto at Scarborough
1265 Military Trail
Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4
Voice: (607) 287-7425 (office) and (607) 287-7124 (lab); FAX: (607) 287-7642
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: www.scar.utoronto.ca/~mandrade
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Behavioural Ecology and Evolution of mating systems in spiders and insects.
Particular interests: Sexual selection, male mating strategies, sexual cannibalism and male self-sacrifice in spiders. Current research concentrates on Latrodectus spiders, but lab members are free to choose their own projects. Research includes field and lab studies directed at answering evolutionary and functional questions.
Students interested in mechanisms of behaviour (particularly if relevant to sperm competition or courtship signalling) are also welcome to apply. Students would be members of the Department of Zoology, which is a 3-campus-wide department (U Toronto, UT Mississauga, UT Scarborough).
Teaching assistantships, some internal fellowships, and other support are available for graduate students; however, students are encouraged to apply for external fellowships wherever possible.
updated 11 - 27 - 2000
FRIEDRICH G. BARTH, O. Univ.-Prof. Dr
Biozentrum, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Wien
Degrees offered: MSc (Diplom) and PhD (Dr.rer.nat.)
Address: Biozentrum
Institut für Zoologie
Universität Wien
A-1090 Wien
Voice: 0043/1/31336/1205; FAX: 0043/31336/778
e-mail: email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Sensory systems (mechano/photo/chemo/thermo & hygro). Neuroethology. Biomechanics. Vibratory communication. Spider webs. Communication in stingless bees. Additional information on request.
updated 1 - 14 -2000
TODD BLACKLEDGE, Assistant Professor
University of Akron
Degrees offered: Master of Science and Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biology
University of Akron
Akron, OH 44325-3908
Voice: (330) 972-7264; FAX: (330) 972-8445
e-mail: email@example.com
Website: http://gozips.uakron.edu/~tab27/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My research focuses upon the interface of animal behavior with ecological and evolutionary processes. Web weaving spiders provide a unique opportunity to integrate behavioral research across levels of biological organization for several reasons. Unlike the relatively ephemeral foraging and defensive behaviors of most animals, spider webs are quantifiable records of spiders' behavioral decisions that endure for the life of webs. Also, the architectures of spider webs can be easily manipulated, allowing direct investigation of the ecological consequences of the behavioral decisions made by spiders during web construction. Furthermore, the function of webs depends upon the physical properties of the silks used to construct them, which are themselves dependent upon protein structure. Therefore, behavioral and genotypic evolution can be tightly linked in this system. My laboratory is set up to support a variety of research.
I have three main lines of current research:
- behavioral ecology of orb web function
- evolution of web architectures
- biomechanical function of silk.
The Department of Biology at University of Akron emphasizes integrative research and has strong programs in both evolutionary ecology and physiological ecology. The department has grown rapidly over the last ten years to include many energetic new faculty, a new field station, and a strong research emphasis. The department offers a Master of Science as well as a PhD through a joint program with Kent State University.
updated 1 - 16 -13
JASON E. BOND, Assistant Professor
Professor and Director, Auburn University Museum of Natural History
Degrees offered: M.S., Ph.D.
Auburn University Museum of Natural History
Department of Biological Sciences
Auburn University
331 Funchess Hall
Auburn AL 36849, USA
Voice: phone:(334) 844-8713; FAX: (334) 884-9234;
Professional website:
Departmental website:
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Phylogenetic systematics and taxonomy of spiders and millipedes.
updated: 1 - 16 - 2013
ALAN B. CADY, Professor of Biology, Department of Biology
Miami University -- Middletown & Oxford, Ohio
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Miami University Middletown
4200 North University Blvd.
Middletown OH 45042 USA
Voice: (513) 727-3258
e-mail: email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Primary interests are with spider behavioral ecology and it's relationship to promoting spider populations in an effort to increase biological pest suppression (biological control). Field-based observations and experiments have investigated spider and harvestman distributions and movements across crop-hedgerow ecotones. Another experiment looked at how removal of hedgerow structure influenced spider populations and yield in soybeans. A current project is developing the use of discrete habitat refugia for spiders in soy and corn, while another explores how harvestmen may act as agents of biological control.
updated August 15, 2014
Research Scientist and Curator, The Smithsonian Institution
Adjunct Professor at George Washington University
Adjunct Professor the University of Maryland
Degrees offered: Ph.D.
Dept. of Entomology
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution, NHB105
Washington, DC 20560-0105 USA
Voice: (202) 357-4148 or (202) 357-2078; FAX: (202) 786-2894;
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional website: http://www.gwu.edu/~clade/spiders/coddington.htm
Departmental website: http://entomology.si.edu/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Systematics and evolution of spiders, orbweavers, systematic theory and method, theory and design of biological inventories, higher phylogeny, adaptation, evolution of web-building behavior. Interested students should contact me concerning topics, but the institutions listed above about all details of application, deadline, requirements, etc.
updated 1 - 14 -2000
Paula Cushing, Ph.D. Curator of Invertebrate Zoology
Denver Museum of Nature and Science
Degrees offered: NA
Address: Denver Museum of Nature & Science
2001 Colorado Blvd.
Denver, CO 80205
Phone (office): (303) 370-6442, (fax): (303) 331-6492
email: email@example.com
Website: http://www.dmns.org/science/museum-scientists/paula-cushing
Research Interests: Dr. Paula Cushing is an evolutionary biologist who does research on arachnids (spiders and their relatives). Currently, she is investigating the diversity, taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships among species and families of camel spiders (order Solifugae) and among species of spiders (order Araneae). Arachnids are an understudied part of the Earth's biodiversity and a critical component of land based habitats worldwide.
Updated 1 - 16 - 13
ANNE DANIELSON-FRANCOIS, Associate Professor
Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan - Dearborn
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Natural Sciences
University of Michigan - Dearborn
4901 Evergreen Road
Dearborn, MI 48128 USA
Voice: (313) 593-4995 (office); FAX: (313) 593-4937
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~danfranc/
Departmental website: http://umdearborn.edu/casl/biologicalsciences/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Much of my research focuses on behavioral ecology. I am particularly interested in the evolution of sexually selected traits and sperm competition. I would consider graduate students interested in other aspects of spider behavior. I also study the impact of urbanization on arthropods in riparian ecosystems. Details on graduate application procedures and deadlines are provided at http://umdearborn.edu/casl/gradprograms/
Ph.D. students under my supervision will be enrolled in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor campus. Please contact me prior to submitting your application.
Updated 7-28-15
GARY DODSON, Professor of Biology
Biology Department, Ball State Univ.
Degrees offered: M.S./Ed.D.
Address: Biology Department
Ball State University
Muncie, IN 47306 USA
Voice: (765) 285-8859; FAX: (765) 285-8804
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: http://web.bsu.edu/gdodson/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Behavioral ecology of spiders, especially mating systems, male fighting behavior of thomisids. Use of olfactory and other cues in the navigational systems of mobile spiders. Also occurrence and significance of nectar feeding in spiders. Teaching assistantships are available to qualified candidates.
updated 8 - 6 - 2010
MICHAEL L. DRANEY, Professor of Biology
Department of Natural & Applied Sciences
University of Wisconsin at Green Bay
2420 Nicolet Drive
Green Bay, WI 54311 USA
Degrees offered: M.S.
Address: Department of Natural & Applied Sciences
University of Wisconsin at Green Bay
2420 Nicolet Drive
Green Bay, WI 54311 USA
Voice: (920) 465-2270; FAX: (920) 465-2376
Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty Website: http://www.uwgb.edu/nas/faculty.htm
Cofrin Center for Biodiversity Website: http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/
Environmental Science and Policy Graduate Program:http://www.uwgb.edu/esp/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: I have a general interest in conservation applications of terrestrial invertebrates. Student projects have included developing and evaluating sampling protocols, using invertebrates as indicators of ecological change with disturbance or management, and invasive invertebrates. I am specifically interested in ecology and taxonomy of spiders, especially family Linyphiidae, and in faunistics of North and Central America. UW-Green Bay offers an M.S. degree in Environmental Science and Policy. Out-of-state tuition waivers and assistantships are available on a competitive basis.
added 5 - 25 -2004
VICTOR FET, Associate Professor
Marshall University
Degrees offered: M.S.
Address: Department of Biological Sciences
Marshall University
400 Hal Greer Blvd
Huntington, WV 25755-2510 USA
Office: (304) 696-3116; Home:(304) 697-0600; FAX: (304) 696-3243
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Molecular systematics (mitochondrial DNA) of scorpions.
added 4 - 25 -2001
MATTHIAS FOELLMER, Assistant Professor
Marshall University
Degrees offered: M.Sc.
Address: Adelphi University
Department of Biology
1 South Ave.
Garden City, New York 11540 USA
Office: (516) 877-4206
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: http://panther.adelphi.edu/~fo17044/MWFoellmer%20main.html
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Research in my lab integrates questions and methods of ecology and evolutionary biology. In particular, I am interested in how ecological factors and mechanisms interact with the reproductive roles of females and males to generate evolutionary processes and thus lead to the evolution of sex-specific organismal characteristics (for example reproductive strategies, morphology, life history, physiology). This includes applied problems such as understanding how the sexes may respond differently to, for example, climate change and pollution.
Current lines of investigation in my lab include the evolutionary significance of sexual dimorphism (particularly extreme sexual size dimorphism), mating systems (particularly monogyny) and sexual cannibalism. A new project that we are developing investigates changes in community structure in response to varying levels of human disturbances in coastal ecosystems.
Masters students have a good chance of getting a TA position in the biology department which pays full tuition and provides a small stipend. Additional support may also be available.
added 3 - 23 -2010
DAN FORMANOWICZ, Professor and Graduate Advisor
The University of Texas at Arlington
Degrees offered: M.S.; Ph.D.
Address: Dept. of Biology
Box 19498
The University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, TX 76019 USA
Office: (817) 272-2422; FAX: (817) 272-2855
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: www.uta.edu/biology/faculty/formanowicz/index.html
Departmental website: www.uta.edu/biology
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Behavioral ecology of scorpions and spiders including; predator-prey interactions (foraging behavior, defensive behavior); temporal and geographic life history variation; costs of reproduction; costs and benefits of burrowing. There are currently 5 Ph.D. and 5 M.S. students in the lab. working on a variety of questions within the general areas listed above. The research in our laboratory also focuses on reptile and amphibian systems. Information about the graduate programs at UTA can be found on the department website and the UTA departmental graduate program website.
Recent Publications:
Shaffer, L.R. & D.R. Formanowicz, Jr. 2000. Sprint speeds of juvenile scorpions: among family differences and parent-offspring correlations. J. Insect Behavior 13:45-54.
Amaya, C.C., P.D. Klawinski, & D.R. Formanowicz, Jr. The effects of leg autotomy on running speed and foraging ability in two species of wolf spider. Am. Midl. Nat., in press.
updated 6 - 26 -2000
DOUGLAS D. GAFFIN, David Ross Boyd Professor, Biology
University of Oklahoma
Degrees Offered: M.S., Ph. D.
Address: Richards Hall, room 413
University of Oklahoma
Norman, OK 73019
Phone (office): (405)-325-5149
email: email@example.com
Professional websites
Research Interests: Our laboratory is interested in how animals acquire and process information about their sensory environments. We have focused on sand scorpions in our research, owing to their clean native habitat, slow walking behavior, and fluorescent epicuticle. The chemo-, mechano-, and visual sensory systems of these animals are all approachable to physiological investigation and we use a combination of behavioral, morphological, and electrophysiological techniques to deduce circuitry and neural coding of sensory information in this ancient group of animals.
Updated August 15, 2014
ROSEMARY GILLESPIE, Professor
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management
University of California at Berkeley
Degrees offered: Ph.D.
Address: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management
Division of Organisms & Environment
137 Mulford Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA
Voice (office): (510) 642-3445; FAX: (510) 642-7428
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional websites: http://nature.berkeley.edu/~gillespi/ and http://nature.berkeley.edu/evolab
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Remote oceanic islands provide an extraordinary opportunity for examining ecological, morphological, and genetic/ genomic factors involved in species diversification and community assembly over evolutionary time. Three research areas are: ecological opportunity in allowing adaptive radiation commonalities between adaptive radiations (comparing archipelagoes); and genetic and genomic modification during colonization of new land masses. Our program is part of a large group of evolutionary biologists associated with the Berkeley Natural History Museums.
last updated Oct. 24, 2009
James D. Harwood, Associate Professor
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky
Degrees offered: M.S., Ph.D.
Address: Department of Entomology
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40546. USA
Phone (office): (859) 257-4264, (lab): (859) 257-2759, (fax): (859) 323-1120
Professional website:http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/dept/ipages/jharwood.asp
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My research program seeks to understand mechanisms of foraging by generalist predators, typically spiders, and identify their role in biological control through the integration of molecular techniques, behavioral studies in the laboratory and field experiments. We are using these approaches, in parallel, to delineate trophic connectivity and measure the intensity of specific predator-prey interactions. Understanding the forces that regulate the abundance of these important natural enemies can ultimately provide information that discerns the role of prey biodiversity and habitat management on predation dynamics. These research projects therefore seek to understand how interactions between natural enemy and prey communities contribute to the provisioning of ecosystem services that lead to sustainability within agricultural systems. More information on graduate school at the university of Kentucky can be found on my webpage.
updated 1 - 16 - 13
EILEEN A. HEBETS, Assistant Professor
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Degrees offered: Ph. D
Address: School of Biological Sciences
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
Office Phone: (402) 472-2571
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Professional website: http://www.biosci.unl.edu/faculty/FacPages/hebets.asp
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: I am interested in the evolution of complex signaling, sexual selection, and learning and memory in arachnids. My research programs are broad encompassing wolf spiders, jumping spiders, and amblypygids.
updated October 27, 2005
MARSHAL HEDIN, Professor
Department of Biology, San Diego State University
Degrees offered: M.S., Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biology
San Diego State University
San Diego, CA 92182-4614 USA
Office Phone:(619) 594-6230; FAX: (619) 594-5676
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional website: http://marshalhedinlab.com/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Spider & harvestmen diversification pattern and process. Please see homepage for further information about research. For information on the graduate programs at San Diego State, please visit http://www.bio.sdsu.edu/eb/
updated August 16, 2014
GUSTAVO HORMIGA, Professor
Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biological Sciences
The George Washington University
Washington, DC 20052 USA
Phone (office):(202) 994-1095; (lab):(202) 994-0302; FAX: (202)994-6100
Professional: http://www.gwu.edu/~spiders/index.htm
The Weintraub Program in Systematics and Evolution: http://www.gwu.edu/~clade/
Araneoid Spider Systematics Research Page: http://www.gwu.edu/~clade/spiders/peet.htm
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Systematic biology of spiders; special interest in higher level systematics and monography of araneoids; phylogenetics and comparative biology (see the web pages listed above for further information about research interests). The Department of Biological Sciences at GWU offers a strong program in systematic biology (http://www.gwu.edu/~clade/). Currently (2009) there are five faculty with active research programs in systematics. The campus is located in downtown D.C. GWU systematics students interact and collaborate with the large pool of systematic biologists of the Washington area, including those at the Smithsonian Institution, the USDA Systematic Entomology Lab, and the University of Maryland at College Park.
A limited number of Assistantships are available.
Additional information available on request.
Additional: I am a Research Associate at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University), the American Museum of Natural History (New York) and the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco). Students in my lab often interact and collaborate with colleagues at these three institutions.
Additional information available on request. Updated 11 / 2 / 2009,
ROBERT R. JACKSON, Associate Professor
Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury
Degrees offered: M.Sc./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Zoology
University of Canterbury
Private Bag 4800
Christchurch New Zealand
Voice: +64 3 364-2064 [or] +64 3 364-2071; FAX: +64 3 364-2024;
e-mail: email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Aggressive mimicry .Foreign students are subject to fees. Financial support from within New Zealand for foreign students is virtually non-existent.
ELIZABETH M. JAKOB, Professor
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D. (primarily Ph.D.)
Address: Department of Psychology
Tobin Hall
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, MA 01003 USA
Voice: (413) 577-0707
Professional website: http://www.people.umass.edu/jakob/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Spider behavior, primarily sensory ecology and learning in salticids. I am happy to sponsor Ph.D. students who develop different projects as well, provided funding is available.
I sponsor students primarily in the cross-departmental Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, which has an application deadline in December. Please contact me prior to submitting your application.
last updated February 25, 2014
DON W. KILLEBREW, Professor and Chair
Department of Biology, Univ. of Texas at Tyler
Degree offered: M.S.
Address: Department of Biology
The University of Texas at Tyler
Tyler, TX 75799 USA
Voice:(903) 566- 7252; FAX: (903) 566-8372;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Spider Ecology: especially biodiversity, density, life, and natural history of spiders from old-field and prairie communities. Taxon of greatest interest is Oxyopidae. Additional information available upon request.
last updated 1 - 14 - 2000
Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield
Degree offered: M.S.
Address: Department of Biology
California State University
9001 Stockdale Hwy
Bakersfield, CA93311
Voice:661-654-3021; FAX: 661-665-6956;
website: www.csub.edu/~ckloock
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My general interest is in Behavioral Ecology, with a focus on the phenomenon of aggressive mimicry. I currently have two main specific projects. The first is an investigation of the natural history of the local Pirate spider, Mimetus hesperus (Mimetidae) and its use of aggressive mimicry to hunt other spiders. I am also studying the potential ecological functions of scorpion fluorescence. Details on our MS in Biology degree can be found in our graduate guide at http://www.csub.edu/biology/_files/MS_BIOL_Graduate_guide%202013-15.pdf.
updated August 16, 2014
MATJAŽ KUNTNER, Chair, Institutes of Biology
Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU
Degree offered: M.S., Ph.D.
Address: Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU
Novi trg 2, P.O. Box 306
SI-1001 Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
Voice: +386 - 1-4706 - 338
e-mail: kuntner<a>gmail.com
personal website: http://ezlab.zrc-sazu.si/lab-memebers/dr-matjaz-kuntner
OU website: http://ezlab.zrc-sazu.si/
Research Interests: Most of our laboratory research is on spiders, a mega-diverse invertebrate order with 43,000 species, and covers evolution, phylogenomics, taxonomy, behavior, and biogeography. However, our projects also cover topics as diverse as biodiversity estimation, biological nomenclature, phylogenetic diversity, animal behavioral syndromes, and DNA barcoding and conservation.
last updated August 16, 2014
YAEL D. LUBIN, Prof.
Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion Univ.
Degrees offered: M.Sc./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Desert Ecology
Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Sede Boqer Campus,Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, ISRAEL
Voice-Office:+972-8-659-6782, Voice-Mobile: +972-52-879-5880, FAX: +972-8- 659-6772;
e-mail :firstname.lastname@example.com
website: http://in.bgu.ac.il/en/bidr/sideer/mdde/yael_lubin/Pages/default.aspx
- Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Ecology, behavioral ecology, dispersal, evolution of group living spiders in agroecosystems. Some current research activities (including work of students and post-doctoral fellows):
- Dispersal in a colonial spider undergoing rapid range expansion: behavioral mechanisms and population consequences: Colonizing species have high dispersal ability and can establish successfully in new locations. These traits occur in many group-living species, suggesting a positive interaction between group dynamics and dispersal ability. We are investigating the interaction between dispersal and behavioral and demographic traits associated with group living in Cyrtophora citricola (Araneidae), a colonial spider undergoing rapid range expansion in Israel, and invasive in the New World.
- Mate selection and consequences of sexual competition and female choice: Several species of Latrodectus (Theridiidae) have mating systems involving extreme monogyny and additional male strategies that may allow males to circumvent female choice. We are investigating these behaviors and in particular, the underlying ecological conditions that might favor their evolution and maintenance in populations.
- Spiders in desert agroecosystems: The transition between arid habitats and agricultural fields is pronounced, and this influences movement of predators between non-crop habitats and adjacent crops. We are investigating these movement patterns and the effects of spiders on crop pests and other herbivores in semi-arid and hyper-arid agricultural landscapes. The field work is conducted in seasonal crops and in orchards and in their surrounding natural habitats.
- Financial support: Some support is available for MSc and PhD students from the Albert Katz School for Desert Studies. Post-doctoral fellowships are available through the Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation. Students may register for degrees at Ben-Gurion University, or may come here from other universities to do their field work at the Department of Desert Ecology (with support from their 'home' university). A variety of desert and steppe habitats are easily accessible here. Field studies are encouraged. Students live on the Sede Boqer Campus, 50 km south of the city of Beer Sheva.
Further information is available upon request.
Updated August 15, 2014
WAYNE MADDISON, Associate Professor
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
Voice:(520)621-7218 (office), (520)621-1889 (lab); FAX: (520) 621-9190;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Spider systematics, including basic systematics and its application to understanding evolution of character systems including behavior and chromosomes; theory of Phylogenetic Biology; computer programs and Internet resources for phylogenetics.
Department has WWW page at http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/eeb.html
Two WWW projects I am participating in are at:
SUSAN MASTA, Assistant Professor
Department of Biology, Portland State University
Degrees offered: M.S./ Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biology
Portland State University
P.O. Box 751
Portland, OR 97207 USA
Voice: (503) 725-8505 (office); FAX: (503) 725-3888
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional website: http://web.pdx.edu/~smasta/
Departmental website: http://www.pdx.edu/biology/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Biological diversification, from the molecular to organismal levels, with a focus on diversification of arachnid groups and divergence among jumping spider populations. I have specific interests in RNA and genome evolution, population genetics, phylogenetics, and sexual selection. Information on the graduate program is available on the departmental website. Departmental teaching assistantships are available, with the possibility of research assistantships.
Updated 1-16-13
MUHAMMAD KHALID MUKHTAR Associate Professor of Zoology
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Sargodha
Degrees offered:B.S., M.Sc., M. Phil., Ph. D
Address: Department of Biological Sciences
University of Sargodha
Sargodha, Punjab
e-mail: email@example.com or email@example.com
Professional Website: NA
Departmental Website: NA
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Biochemistry, Conservation, Ecology, Ethology, Genetics, Systematics, Taxon of Interest: Aranea. Currently working on the taxonomy ,ecology and behaviour of Spider Fauna of Pakistan. I am also working on habitat manipulation of Citrus orchards to enhance the diversity and abundance of spider.
Updated 1 - 16 - 13
BRENT D. OPELL, Professor
Department of Biological Sciences
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biological Sciences
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional Website: http://www.biol.vt.edu/faculty/opell/index.html
Departmental Website: http://www.biol.vt.edu/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Current focus on the adhesive mechanism of viscous threads spun by orb-weaving spiders. Details on graduate application procedures and deadlines are provided on the departmental website.
Updated 11 – 3 - 2010
Department of Biology, University of York
Degree offered: D. Phil. (over 3 years)
Address: Department of Biology
Univ. of York
P.O. Box 373
York YO105YW, U.K.
Voice: +44 1904 4328823; FAX: +44 1904 432860;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Evolution and adaptative significance of colour polymorphisms in spiders (at present species within the Enoplognatha ovata group and in the Hawaiian happy face spider, Theridion grallator). Range expansion, differentiation and hybridisation in Tegenaria species. Evolutionary implications and mechanisms of sperm priority patterns in Tegenaria species.
Funding: Usually via UK Research Councils (restricted to UK citizens) but the University does have schemes to subsidise graduate students who are supported by industry/other outside bodies or who fund themselves. I don't think there is any reason why these should not also apply to overseas students as well.
More details on application.
updated 1 -17 -2000
NORMAN I. PLATNICK, Adjunct Professor
Dept. of Entomology, Cornell Univ.; Dept. of Biology, City College, City Univ. of New York.
Degree offered: Ph.D.
Address: Curator, Dept. of Entomology
American Museum of Natural Hist.
Central Park West at 79th St.
New York NY 10024 USA
Voice: (212) 769-5612, (212) 769-5277
e-mail: email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Systematics, phylogenetics, and biogeography of spiders and ricinuleids. Ph.D. students are eligible to apply for American Museum of Natural History fellowships.
last updated 1 - 14 - 2000
ROBERT L. RANDELL, Associate Professor
Dept of Biology, Univ. of Saskatchewan
Degrees offered: M.Sc./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biology
University of Saskatchewan
112 Science Place
Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
Voice: (306) 966-4414; FAX: (306) 966-4461;
e-mail: email@example.com [or] email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Ecology of synanthropic spiders, management of pest spider populations, anatomy of spiders. Details available on request.
LINDA S. RAYOR, Assistant Professor
Dept of Entomology, Cornell University
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Entomology
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
Voice: (607) 255-8406
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.entomology.cornell.edu/Faculty_Staff/Rayor
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Behavioral ecology, with an emphasis on social behavior, mother-offspring interactions, learning, and tradeoffs between foraging and predation risk. Current projects in my laboratory involve: (1) Social behavior in the atypical Australian huntsman spider, Delena cancerides and (2) Social behavior and tactile communication in amblypygids. I am actively seeking graduate students for either of these projects for Fall 2003. I would consider graduate students interested in other aspects of spider behavior. Teaching Assistantships are available for qualified applicants.
added 8 - 21 - 2002
SUSAN E. RIECHERT, Professor
Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee
Degree offered: Ph.D.
Address: Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN 37996-0810 USA
Voice: (685) 974-2371; FAX: (685) 974-3067
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Ecology, behavior, evolutionary biology, genetics, biocontrol. Prefer students with prior research experience (e.g., a masters degree).
last updated 1 - 14 - 2000
J. ANDREW ROBERTS, PhD, Research Coordinator & Associate Professor
Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology
The Ohio State University at Newark
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: The Ohio State University at Newark
Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology
1179 University Drive
Newark, OH 43055 USA
Voice: (740) 366-9178
e-mail: email@example.com
Websites: Professional homepage: https://u.osu.edu/robertslab/
Departmental Homepage: https://eeob.osu.edu/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: At present, much of my research concerns constraints on the evolution of animal signals and signaling behavior. My main research interests are in the evolution of animal communication and social behavior using spider model systems. I apply an integrative approach to my research program, incorporating techniques from several disciplines (e.g. environmental measurements, field and laboratory observation and experimentation, digital imaging and video/audio playback, chemical extraction, DNA microsatellites) to address interesting questions about the evolution of animal signals, sexual selection and mate choice, and group formation and social behavior. I have collaborated on a variety of projects working with invertebrate and vertebrate organisms in habitats including coastal riparian, flood plain, old growth forest, and cave and karst ecosystems. Graduate students under my supervision will be enrolled in the Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology at the Ohio State University, Columbus Campus.
added 1 - 5 - 2005
ANN L. RYPSTRA, Associate Professor of Biology,
Department of Biology, Miami University
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biology
Miami University
Oxford, OH 45056 USA
(I am officially located on the Hamilton Campus of Miami so the address on my publications is different but it is more convenient if I hear from prospective students at this address);
Phone: (513) 529-3176 or (513) 785-3238; FAX: (513) 529-6900
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Spacing patterns in spiders, evolution of social behavior, spiders in agroecosystems, food web ecology, foraging behavior, influence of spiders on the foraging activity of herbivores. All students admitted receive a graduate assistantship. Most are required to teach. Program is a broad based zoology program but the departmental emphasis is ecology. Of 33 faculty, 15 conduct research in some aspect of ecology. Students have to have had undergraduate courses in ecology, physiology, genetics, statistics, one year of physics and two years of chemistry, but some of these courses can be taken after the student is admitted and comes to Miami. GREs are required.
NIKOLAJ SCHARFF, Associate Professor
Department of Entomology, Zoological Museum, Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Degree offered: Ph.D. (Ph.D. program in English)
Address: Research Scientist and Curator
Department of Entomology
Zoological Museum
Universitetsparken 15
DK-2100 Coopenhagen, Denmark
Voice: +45 35-32-11-07 (Info desk; +45 35-32-10-01); FAX: +45 35-32-10-10;
e-mail: email@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Systematics, phylogenetics and biogeography of spiders (especially old world tropics), cladistics, inventory. All spiders, but especially orb weavers. Additional information upon request. Interested students should contact me. Students from European Union should contact me for further information on EU fellowships.
PAUL SELDEN, Distinguished Professor in Invertebrate Paleontology
The Paleontological Institute, University of Kansas
Degrees offered: MS, PhD
Address: The Paleontological Institute
University of Kansas
Lindley Hall
1475 Jayhawk Boulevard
Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA
Voice: (785) 864-2751 (OFFICE) or (785) 393-5625 (CELL)
Websites: Professional homepage: paulselden.net and http://paleo.ku.edu
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Research in Paul Selden's laboratory utilizes fossil material to investigate systematics, evolution, ecology and other aspects of arthropods, particularly spiders and other Chelicerata. We have graduate students and postdocs working with amber-preserved specimens as well as rock matrix material. Mesozoic spiders are a particular interest at present. We have great collaboration with fossil insect colleagues (e.g. Michael Engel, also at KU) and paleontologists (e.g. Steve Hasiotis, studying fossil and Recent spider burrows).
Further information: Application for graduate study should be made in the first instance at: geo.ku.edu
Please contact Yolanda Davis (firstname.lastname@example.com) should you need any advice.
updated: 1 - 16 - 13
CARA SHILLINGTON Associate Professor
Dept of Biology, Eastern Michigan University
Degrees offered: M.Sc.
Address: 316 Mark Jefferson
Department of Biology
Eastern Michigan University
Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA
Voice: (734) 487-4433 (office/lab) and (734) 487-4242 (department office)
e-mail: email@example.com
Professional Homepage: http://people.emich.edu/cshilling
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My research focuses on an integrative, field-based, evolutionary approach to study the behavioral and physiological ecology of tarantulas. Current research topics include intra- and interspecific variation in metabolic rates, life history variation, mating systems, and foraging behavior.
Teaching assistantships are available to most students accepted into our department. In addition, the biology department has substantial fellowships that are awarded annually.
Updated 1 - 16 -13
JEFFREY W. SHULTZ, Associate Professor
Department of Entomology & BISI-BEES, University of Maryland at College Park
Degrees offered: M.Sc., Ph.D.
Address: Department of Entomology
4112 Plant Sciences Building
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20142 USA
Voice: (301) 405-7519; FAX: (301) 314-9290;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
personal website): http://entomology.umd.edu/directory/faculty/jeffreywshultz
deparmental website: www.entomology.umd.edu
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Systematics and evolution of mating systems in Opliones; omparative, evolutionary and functional morphology of arachnids; arthropod locomotion; higher-level phylogeny of arachnids and other arthropods using morphological and molecular approaches.
Financial aid: Teaching Assistantships, Possible Research Assistantship or some combination of the two.
Updated August 16, 2014
W. DAVID SISSOM, Professor
Dept. of Life, Earth, & Environmental Sciences, West Texas A&M University
Degrees offered: M.S.
Address: Dept. of Life, Earth, & Environmental Sciences
West Texas A&M University
WTAMU Box 60808
Canyon, TX 79016 USA
Voice: (806) 651-2578; Fax: (806) 651-2928
Departmental website: http://www.wtamu.edu
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My primary research interests are in scorpion systematics, phylogeny (based on morphological characters), life history, behavior, and ecology. I have secondary interests in systematics and regional inventories of other arachnids. A limited number of teaching assistantships are available for qualified applicants.
last updated 4 - 1 - 2002
JOSEPH SPAGNA Assistant Professor
Department of Biology
William Paterson University
Degrees offered: MS.in Biology
Address: Department of Biology
William Paterson University
Wayne, New Jersey 07470
Office Phone: 973-720-2793; Departmental Office : 973-720-2455
Professional homepage: http://euphrates.wpunj.edu/faculty/spagnaj/
University homepage: http://www.wpunj.edu
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: William Paterson University, located in the New Jersey suburbs of Manhattan, offers a Master's degree in biology.
Projects in my laboratory include phylogenetics, systematics, & evolution of spiders and ants, particularly evolution of systems for locomotion. See website for detailed information.
additional: Limited financial aid (scholarships, fellowships, assistantships) is available from the Department, and graduate students may also be supported based on extramural funding for my lab (contact lab PI to determine availability of grant funds).
added November 17, 2008
JOHN R. SPENCE, Professor
Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Alberta
Degree offered: Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biological Sciences,
Univ. of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta CANADA T6G 2E9;
Voice: (403) 492-3003; FAX: (403) 492-9234;
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Population biology, especially population dynamics and life-history evolution; community ecology; forestry practices and biodiversity; special interests in semi-aquatic and litter-dwelling, cursorial spiders. Graduate teaching assistantships available; university provides supplements to students with their own scholarships. Students expected to have their own general research problems in mind at time of application; more information upon request.
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR, Assistant Professor of Zoology
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha
Degree offered: B.S., M.Sc., M.Phl., Ph.D.
Address: Department of Zoology,
University of Sargodha,
Sargodha, Punjab
Voice: (403) 492-3003; FAX: (403) 492-9234;
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Molecular systematics, Molecular Systemetics and DNA barcoding, Toxicology, Applied Ecology, Biochemistry, Conservation, Ecology. Currently working on the taxonomy ,ecology and behaviour of scorpions and spiders of Pakistan.
GEORGE W. UETZ, Professor of Biological Sciences
University of Cincinnati
Degrees offered: M.S./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Biological Sciences
Univ. of Cincinnati
P.O. Box 210006
Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006 USA
Phone (office): (513) 556-9752, (lab) (513) 556-9753, (other) (513) 556-9700; FAX: (513) 556-5299
Professional homepage: http://www.artsci.uc.edu/departments/biology/byDeptMembers/faculty.html?eid=uetzgw&thecomp=uceprof
Departmental homepage: http://www.artsci.uc.edu/departments/biology.html
Research Interests: The major focus of my research is the behavioral ecology of spiders. I am interested in the selective forces shaping the evolution of social behavior, and use both field-based observational studies and laboratory experimentation in two long-term research projects:
- Multimodal communication, species recognition and sexual selection - using video imaging and playback techniques to investigate the essential elements of courtship signaling behavior, which functions in reproductive isolation and mate choice in Schizocosa wolf spiders (Lycosidae). Current work is directed at understanding the role of multi-modal communication (visual and vibratory signals) within a communication network on the forest floor habitat – in both the environmental context (physical environment, substrate, light, background contrast, predators), as well as the social context (conspecific interactions, female mate choice, eavesdropping male competitors). We are using laser vibrometry, illuminance spectrophotometry and audio-visual playback to tease apart the elements of a complex communication system.
- Influence of El Niño on aggregative behavior and genetic structure of Metepeira populations on the California coast. This project builds upon insights gained from studies of group foraging in colonial web-building spiders of the genus Metepeira (Araneidae) from Mexico, which are "an exception to the rule"- among most (typically asocial) spiders.
I will also support student research in other areas of arachnology/behavioral ecology.
Information About the Graduate Program: My research has been funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, and my lab is well-equipped to pursue many types of arachnological research. I typically sponsor up to 5 graduate students, depending on support.
Our department offers competitive assistantship and fellowship support (including tuition remission scholarships) for graduate students. Our graduate program has been re-organized recently, and the areas of Ecology, Behavior, Neuroscience and Evolution have been strengthened by the addition of several new faculty.
updated August 16, 2014
Department of Zoology, University of Aarhus
Degrees offered: M.Sc./Ph.D.
Address: Department of Zoology
Universitetsparken B135
DK 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
Voice: +45-89 42 27 65 (Sec: +45- 89 42 27 27); FAX: +45-86 12 51 75;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Orb spider ecology, behaviour, web engineering, silk biomechanics. Information upon request.
SEAN WALKER , Assistant Professor
California State University Fullerton
Degree offered: M.S.
Address: Department of BIological Science
California State University Fullerton
Fullerton CA 92831 USA
Phone (office): (714) 278-3610; Phone (lab): (714) 278-8204; FAX: (714) 278-3426
Professional website (homepage): http://biology.fullerton.edu/swalker
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: My primary research interests are in the cognitive, behavioral, and evolutionary ecology of terrestrial invertebrates (mainly Arachnids and Orthopterans). In particular, I am interested in animal decision making as it relates to foraging and reproduction (e.g., mate choice & reproductive investment) and have a keen interest in any project related to animal communication, the evolution of sex differences, and the evolution of alternative tactics and strategies. I have also worked on projects related to the estimation and comparison of terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity and pollination biology.
DAVID H. WISE, Assoc. Director, Institute for Environmental Science & Policy
Professor of Ecology & Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences
University of Illinois at Chicago
Degrees offered: M.S., Ph.D.
Address: Dept Biol Sci (MC/066)
845 W. Taylor St.
Chicago, IL 60607
Phone (office): (312) 413-9191; Phone (lab): (312) 355-3231
Professional website (homepage):http://sites.google.com/site/wiselabuic/
Research Interests and Information on Graduate Program: Behavioral, population and community ecology of spiders in food webs of forest-floor leaf litter and vegetable crops. Please visit my website for detailed, current information on my group's research program.
Updated 1 - 16 - 13


text:
Down, downwards or downward?
We use down mostly as a preposition or adverb. It means 'in or moving to a low or lower position or level':
We ran down the hill like two little children.
Jamie, put that vase down! You'll break it!
We can also use down to mean 'towards the south', 'generally in the south', or 'towards the place where a river meets the sea':
When you were living in Spain, did you ever go down to Granada?
We went on a cruise down the Nile for seven days. It was fantastic.
In informal situations, we can use down to talk about a quick trip to a destination which we consider to be less central than where we are. In this meaning, we can use it with or without to. Without to is less formal:
I'm just going down (to) the shop. Do you want anything?
Are you going down (to) the golf club tonight?
Down can also mean 'along'. We can use it with from:
Mila's office is just down the corridor, second door on the left.
They live just down the street from our house.
A good dictionary will tell you more meanings of down, especially when it is used as part of a phrasal verb.
Downwards, downward
Downwards is an adverb. It means 'movement towards a lower position':
The garden slopes gently downwards in the direction of the river.
Could you point the reading lamp downwards? It's shining in my eyes.
In American English, downward (with no final -s) is used as an adverb:
Since the nineteen seventies, our country has really taken some steps downward.
In British English, downward (with no final -s) is normally only used as an adjective:
The statistics for violent crimes have shown a downward trend in the last two years. (The numbers have gone down.)
("Down, downwards or downward ?" de English Grammar Today © Cambridge University Press.)
¡Crea y comparte tus propias listas de palabras y cuestionarios de forma gratuita!
- Adjectives and adverbs
Easily confused words
- Above or over?
- Across, over or through?
- Advice or advise?
- Affect or effect?
- All or every?
- All or whole?
- Allow, permit or let?
- Almost or nearly?
- Alone, lonely, or lonesome?
- Along or alongside?
- Already, still or yet?
- Also, as well or too?
- Alternate(ly), alternative(ly)
- Although or though?
- Altogether or all together?
- Amount of, number of or quantity of?
- Any more or anymore?
- Anyone, anybody or anything?
- Apart from or except for?
- Arise or rise?
- Around or round?
- Arouse or rouse?
- As or like?
- As, because or since?
- As, when or while?
- Been or gone?
- Begin or start?
- Beside or besides?
- Between or among?
- Born or borne?
- Bring, take and fetch
- Can, could or may?
- Classic or classical?
- Come or go?
- Consider or regard?
- Consist, comprise or compose?
- Content or contents?
- Different from, different to or different than?
- Do or make?
- Down, downwards or downward?
- During or for?
- Each or every?
- East or eastern; north or northern?
- Economic or economical?
- Efficient or effective?
- Elder, eldest or older, oldest?
- End or finish?
- Especially or specially?
- Every one or everyone?
- Except or except for?
- Expect, hope or wait?
- Experience or experiment?
- Fall or fall down?
- Far or a long way?
- Farther, farthest or further, furthest?
- Fast, quick or quickly?
- Fell or felt?
- Female or feminine; male or masculine?
- Finally, at last, lastly or in the end?
- First, firstly or at first?
- Fit or suit?
- Following or the following?
- For or since?
- Forget or leave?
- Full or filled?
- Fun or funny?
- Get or go?
- Grateful or thankful?
- Hear or listen (to)?
- High or tall?
- Historic or historical?
- House or home?
- How is …? or What is … like?
- If or when?
- If or whether?
- Ill or sick?
- Imply or infer?
- In the way or on the way?
- It's or its?
- Late or lately?
- Lay or lie?
- Lend or borrow?
- Less or fewer?
- Look at, see or watch?
- Low or short?
- Man, mankind or people?
- Maybe or may be?
- Maybe or perhaps?
- Nearest or next?
- Never or not … ever?
- Nice or sympathetic?
- No doubt or without doubt?
- No or not?
- Nowadays, these days or today?
- Open or opened?
- Opportunity or possibility?
- Opposite or in front of?
- Other, others, the other or another?
- Out or out of?
- Permit or permission?
- Person, persons or people?
- Pick or pick up?
- Play or game?
- Politics, political, politician or policy?
- Price or prize?
- Principal or principle?
- Quiet or quite?
- Raise or rise?
- Remember or remind?
- Right or rightly?
- Rob or steal?
- Say or tell?
- So that or in order that?
- Sometimes or sometime?
- Sound or noise?
- Speak or talk?
- Such or so?
- There, their or they're?
- Towards or toward?
- Wait or wait for?
- Wake, wake up or awaken?
- Worth or worthwhile?
- Nouns, pronouns and determiners
Prepositions and particles
- Above
- After
- Against
- Among and amongst
- At
- At, in and to (movement)
- At, on and in (place)
- At, on and in (time)
- Below
- Beneath: meaning and use
- Beyond
- By + myself etc.
- During
- For
- For + -ing
- From
- In front of
- In spite of and despite
- In, into
- Near and near to
- Of
- On, onto
- Over
- Prepositional phrases
- Prepositions
- To
- Under
- Until
- With
- Within
- Without
- Words, sentences and clauses
- Using English
- Verbs
Palabra del día
a building from which scientists can watch the planets, the stars, the weather, etc.
Palabras nuevas

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
MORE from our HomeTeam writers.
Sun. December 2, 2012 | Matt Baker | Email
Hernando ATH Tyrail Hawkins has verbally committed to Georgia Southern, the Leopards senior confirmed Sunday evening in a text message.
The Eagles gave Hawkins his first offer, after he rushed for 328 yards and threw for a touchdown during his sophomore season.
Ball State, Coastal Carolina and Bethune-Cookman offered the 5-foot-11, 190-pounder after a standout junior season. He earned all-North Suncoast honors by racking up more than 1,200 rushing yards, 200 receiving yards and scoring 19 touchdowns on a Hernando team that earned its first district title since 1997.
As a senior, Hawkins threw four touchdown passes, caught a TD and rushed for eight more scores while playing quarterback and running back to help the Leopards make the playoffs for the third consecutive season. He averaged almost 9 yards per carry and finished with 764 rushing yards while tallying three interceptions and 12 passes defended at defensive back.
Georgia Southern is one of the top NCAA Division I-AA programs. The Eagles will play in the national quarterfinals this week against Old Dominion.
Hawkins is the second Hernando senior to make a college commitment. LB Darren Hambrick has verbally pledged to Missouri.
Verbal commitments are non-binding until recruits sign letters of intent.


text:
Apparently Kellogg's Has Never Heard Of The Munchies – Michael Phelps has lost his first sponsor because of the photo released earlier this week showing him enjoying a bong. Apparently Kellogg's has chosen not to take advantage of this opportunity by selling itself as a snack for people stoned out of their minds and craving cereal, and instead will focus on the elementary school crowd instead with wholesome, nutritious cereals that are good for you like Kellogg's Honey Smacks which is about 50% sugar and one serving has more sugar than a glazed donut. They are missing out here. I'm telling you.
The CW Wants Some Vampires – Everyone wants vampires and to try and find a way to make some money off of them. The latest to try will be the CW which has picked up the pilot for a television show called Vampire Diaries. I was hoping it was like Red Shoe Diaries but it seems to be instead based on a series of books about two vampire brothers who are fighting over the soul of a girl in the town where they live. Oh, and they want the souls of everyone else in town as well. Not a lot of sleeping at night in that town I'm thinking.
Yoko? – It is unanimous. All the members of The Kills except for Jamie Hince have said they don't want Kate Moss on tour with them and sure as hell don't want her on the stage singing any vocals. Apparently Jamie Hince has told Kate she could go on tour with the band and sing and of course Kate wants that because hey, she is a major talent and her kid can look after herself at home. I mean she must be all of 8 by now. Apparently the rest of the band said they didn't want to even see Kate for the next six months while on tour. She really knows how to win people over doesn't she.


text:
5. Beautiful Widgets
Customize the look and feel of your home screen by using Beautiful Widgets. Browse through different sized clock widgets, weather widgets and forecast widgets. Beautiful Widgets allows users to change design, choose different layouts, set transparency for each widget or change the color of the text. Beautiful Widgets works with all Android systems but may need to have the latest update to get the best experience. You can download Beautiful Widgets from the Google Play Store here.
Top 5 Android App Updates You Need to Know About
Here's a look at the top 5 best Android app updates you need to know about.Click here to read more


text:
Vernon, NJ, USA < change city >
Ceremony Sites (322)
Reception Sites (235)
Photographers (69)
Florists (62)
Bands (56)
Caterers (52)
DJs (49)
Cakes (31)
Wedding Day Beauty (31)
Limos (22)
Videographers (19)
Wedding Fashion (17)
Coordinators (16)
Invitations (14)
Officiants (13)
Decorations (8)
Ceremony Musicians (8)
Favors (8)
See All Vendors >
The Down Town Club
6th & Chestnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Reception Sites
2 ratings, 2 reviews, 10 weddings
AMAZING! We are still hearing how perfect everything was from our guests. Our w...
Hyatt At The Bellevue
200 South Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA, United States
Reception Sites, Restaurant...
2 ratings, 2 reviews, 7 weddings
Beyond Amazing!!! The staff is unbelievable....they made the wedding the PERFECT ...
The Manor House at Commo...
300 Tournament Drive
Horsham, PA 19044, USA
Reception Sites, Bridal Sho...
2 ratings, 2 reviews, 6 weddings
For our wedding in April, the staff could not have been more accomodating. They ...
Palace At The Ben
834 Chestnut St
Philadelphia, PA, United States
Reception Sites, Restaurant...
2 ratings, 1 review, 20 weddings
We had our wedding at reception at the Ballroom at the Ben and everything was won...
401 S Columbus Blvd
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Restaurants, Attractions/En...
2 ratings, 1 review, 17 weddings
We just loved having our wedding at the Moshulu. Not only was the ambiance perfe...
The Monaco Philadelphia
433 Chestnut St
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Hotels/Accommodations, Rece...
2 ratings, 1 review, 15 weddings
A modern, fun hotel with great service and jaw dropping style! The location was ...
Union League Of Phila
140 S Broad St
Philadelphia, PA, United States
Reception Sites, Ceremony S...
1 rating, 1 review, 24 weddings
From start to finish our experience was professional and every detail was perfect...
Wyndham Mount Laurel
1111 Rte 73
Mt Laurel, NJ 08054
Hotels/Accommodations, Rece...
1 rating, 1 review, 12 weddings
Excellent. Thats the only word to describe everything about our experience. The...
The Curtis Center
601 Walnut St
Philadelphia, PA 19106, US
Reception Sites, Ceremony S...
1 rating, 1 review, 10 weddings
The Curtis Center is by far the most amazing venue in Philadelphia... hands down!...
Pennsylvania Academy Of ...
118 N. Broad St
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Attractions/Entertainment, ...
2 ratings, 0 reviews, 9 weddings
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts was founded in 1805 in Philadelphia, Pe...


text:
A DEAD horse pulled from the river Severn was still attached to a trap, it has been revealed.
As reported on Sunday (and updated yesterday), a canoeist spotted the animal's body floating in swollen waters near to Pitchcroft, Worcester, at about 11.15am on Sunday.
Crews from Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service launched two rescue boats to reach the horse, which they tethered with a rope before towing it back to the riverbank by Worcester Canoe Club.
As they pulled the animal from the water, firefighters found a trap attached to its bridle. There were concerns that a person may have been with the horse and a full sweep of the river was carried out, but no other bodies were found.
It is believed the horse was without a rider when it went in to the water.
It is not known when or how it came to be in the river or where it came from and the RSPCA is appealing for more information.
RSPCA inspector Pippa Boyd said: "This is a deeply unsettling incident and we urgently need the public's help.
"At the moment we have no idea when this happened and so we need to hear from anyone who can shed some light on this dreadful discovery."
It is understood the trap is similar to those used in trotting races – a pastime popular with, but not exclusive to, the traveller community.
A spokesman from West Mercia Police said it was quickly established nobody was with the horse and the incident had been referred to the RSPCA.
Police checks confirmed that there had been no one reported missing in the area in recent days.
Crew Commander Martin Grey from the fire service said: "We were concerned to find the trap attached to the horse as we pulled it from the water, but despite an extensive search of the river, both up and down stream, nothing further was found."
Anyone with information about the horse should call the RSPCA on 03001 238018.
Calls will be treated in confidence.


text:
Haha! Those crooks couldn't get out of there fast enough. They were walking all over each other.
This is a discussion on Concealed handgun holder fights back stopping robbery within the In the News: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly forums, part of the The Back Porch category; They can be seen scrambling to get away, falling to the floor and tumbling out the front door, as the patron - identified by the ...
They can be seen scrambling to get away, falling to the floor and tumbling out the front door, as the patron - identified by the Sheriff's Office as Samuel Williams - continues to fire.
The robbers were hit but survived.
the old man keep on shooting at them even after the were out the door
Video shows patron shooting robbers at Palms Internet Cafe | Ocala.com
Haha! Those crooks couldn't get out of there fast enough. They were walking all over each other.
It's all part of the big picture.
That was the best thing I have ever seen. Man did they wanna get out of there...running over each other to get out. I like how the BG's scramble when they are met with force. Kudos to the GG!!!!
SOLD my guns.
Proud owner of a 12lb. Chinese pug that is DANGEROUS and is soon to be registered!
LMAO that was GREAT! The ol' man showed true grit & the BG's crumpled!
This is so awesome! Man the good guy had good trigger control as well. Anyone notice at the end of the encounter he had the booger hook off the bang switch? I love seeing armed people who are sick of being the victim take action!
Sent from my DROID RAZR
The gentleman looked as though he has either some training or is experienced in shooting.
sounds like this guy had some war trainingAs Henderson turns his back, Williams pulls out a .380-caliber semi-automatic handgun, stands from his chair, takes two steps, nearly drops to one knee, and fires two shots at Henderson, who bolts for the front door.
Williams takes several more steps toward the door and continues firing as Henderson and Dawkins fall over one another trying to exit the building. The two eventually run off screen.
Those two clowns are a riot falling over each other to get out of there.
Don't pick a fight with an old man, come to think of it, don't try to rob an I-net Cafe where old guys are gambling, either.
Congrats to Mr. Williams for quick thinking and aggressive action...he did certainly put these young thugs in their places.
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
Excellent job for the good guy !!! Seem like another instance of where Concealed Carry worked and also another instance where .380acp worked to stop the threat. Once BG's see bullets flying at them they do not care what caliber it is, they just want to get the frack out of there !!! God Bless
Ugly environment for a two-perp robbery, what with all the innocents milling around. Lots of opportunity for armed cretins to begin spraying the whole plays. In that sense, it looks like the citizen handled things nicely, waiting until the opportune moment, aggressively taking on BG #1, and apparently ensuring the line of fire didn't unduly endanger other customers inside the place. Overall, he's lucky the BG's appeared to have no real concept of guarding each other and controlling a room's space, else it could easily have ended very differently. Still, well done! Kudos to everyone for not freaking out and creating an impossible situation.
Speaking of a 5- or 6-shot capacity: it brings home the max capacity question fairly quickly, and how important that reload might well turn out to be. I didn't count the number of shots he fired, but it was more than just a couple.
Your best weapon is your brain. Don't leave home without it.
Thoughts: Justifiable self defense (A.O.J.).
Explain: How does disarming victims reduce the number of victims?
Reason over Force: Why the Gun is Civilization (Marko Kloos).
That was awesome!!! Too bad they made it out the door. Charges? He deserves a medal or a gold watch!
"Better to keep your mouth shut and be thought a fool than to open it and remove all doubt" ~ Mark Twain
Good point also to notice that many of the patrons continue weaving through the scene holding their ears instead of dropping. Something to think about setting up in a training session with simunitions or rubber ducks - no idea how you could simulate that during live fire.
I'm with barstoolguru, and given his age, I'm betting Vietnam.
Say hello to my little friend. lol. All these thugs understand is hot metal! Grandpa was just speaking their language.


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Vermont's Hunger Rate Inches Up
11/16/10 5:50PM By Patti Daniels
| Download MP3
(Host) Vermont's hunger rate continues to creep upward, but the increase isn't as dramatic as it has been in recent years.
That's based on new data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
VPR's Patti Daniels reports.
(Daniels) The USDA says more than 13 percent of Vermonters, nearly 82,000 people, are "food insecure."
That's federal jargon that describes skipping meals, relying on food shelves and food stamps to stretch the household food budget.
John Sayles heads up the Vermont FoodBank. He says the food stamp program "3 Squares Vermont" doesn't provide a big enough benefit to last a household the entire month:
(Sayles) "Everyone will tell you - any food shelf or meal site - that a lot more people are coming in at the end of the month because their 2 Squares benefits are running out."
(Daniels) The new figures released by the USDA this week show that Vermont's hunger rate inched upward by one percent over last year.
That's compared to a 4 percent increase over the last four years.
So while the rate of increasing hunger has slowed, Sayles emphasizes the problem is still growing. And he says it's all about the economy:
(Sayles) To me it's not progress to say we have a gushing wound and we've managed to hold a bandage over it tight enough so that the blood is flowing a little slower..... We have fifty million - fifty million - people in this country who are food insecure. Last year it was 49 million. So we have an additional million people in this country who are struggling to be fed. To me that's not progress."
(Daniels) Marissa Parisi heads the Vermont Campaign to End Childhood Hunger.
She's in Washington D.C. this week lobbying in favor of the funding for nutrition programs for kids. But funding for some child-centered programs may come at the expense of funding for the federal food stamp program, called SNAP.
(Parisi) "So while kids may be doing better in school or childcare with that program, they might experience more hunger at home because their parents have less money to buy food."
(Daniels) The Childhood Nutrition Reauthorization Act has passed the Senate and is pending in the House.
Parisi says she expects a final vote this week.
For VPR News, I'm Patti Daniels.


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Happy no-friends birthday: UK reality star's weird reality
What do you say about a parent who thinks her kids shouldn't mix with those children she considers to be "common"? Letitia Rowlands has a few choice words to share.
Oh, not another birthday party
Who knew a child's birthday party invite could be so dangerous?
I've received my fair share in recent years and they usually make me smile, happy in the knowledge my boys are making friends. But it turns out I am a neglectful parent for not recognising what a threat these seemingly harmless pieces of paper, featuring bright colours and a questionable birthday boy or girl's name, pose to the future success of my precious sons.
Well, according to UK reality TV star Katie Hopkins that is.
In the Daily Mail last week, Hopkins began by telling readers that, "I won't let my children play with friends that I deem beneath them… that's what caring mothers do."
"Looking at the garish party invitation in my daughter's hand, my heart sank. The venue was bad enough: the dirty, sticky soft play area at our local leisure centre. But the name of the birthday girl told me all I needed to know.
"With her pierced ears, passion for pink leggings and array of electronic play equipment, Charmaine is definitely not the sort of child I want my daughter associating with. Pretending to look at my diary, I sighed. 'Oh what a shame. We're busy on that day.'
"Poppy looked disappointed until I promised to organise an extra tennis lesson. 'Why don't you invite Maisie?' I suggested, naming a classmate I do approve of. "
Katie Hopkins went on to describe her reaction to the invite and justified herself by saying: "Call me controlling, call me ruthlessly aggressive. But I'm convinced one of the best things I can do for my children is to choose their friends for them."
You can read more about Katie's friendship proclamations at Daily Mail.
Nevermind controlling or ruthlessly aggressive Katie, what we will call you is a horrendous snob of the highest order.
Is there any such thing as a 'wrong' friend?
The mother-of-three goes on to list the type of children she forbids her two daughters and son from associating with. Boys and girls who are late for school, wear a less than pristine uniform, or are not top of the class academically all join the banned list right alongside those without "good old-fashioned Victorian names".
From her position on top of her high horse, Hopkins fails to see the irony of someone who has made their name thanks to reality TV judging others for such petty reasons.
Hopkins also fails to appreciate the detrimental effect her judgemental parenting style will have on her children. While she claims to be helping them become the best people they can be, she is failing to teach them the important human qualities of empathy, compassion or humility.
I doubt the family will be delivering old toys to boys and girls at a homeless shelter any time soon out of fear that, God forbid, one of her cherubs might actually speak to a child less fortunate than themselves.
Controlling mothers don't win
And despite her claims she is ensuring the future success of her offspring, Hopkins' actions are more likely to hinder, rather then help, her children's academic performance and happiness in the years to come. A recent US study of almost 300 US college students showed those with over-controlling parents, mothers in particular, reported higher levels of depression and less life satisfaction than those who were not the product of so-called helicopter parenting.
These results are not surprising. Children with parents like Hopkins guiding their every step miss out on one of the most important experiences in life – that is, learning from their own mistakes. How are Hopkins' children going to appreciate their own strengths and weaknesses and grow to make mature decisions about who they mix with later in life, if they have not been given any freedom throughout childhood?
It would be amusing if Hopkins' formula for choosing playmates resulted in her children not "networking", as she calls it, with the her preferred class of people.
Imagine if one of her daughters came home with an invitation from a little girl called Apple one day. I'm sure being named after a fruit would be cause for immediate culling from her children's "accepted friends" list. And there goes her daughter's chance to become besties with the child of millionaires Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin. Oops!
But the truth is Hopkins really shouldn't worry herself too much about which invitations she accepts or refuses on behalf of her kids. Because, sadly for the children, Hopkins' misplaced elitist, judgemental attitude will eventually ensure her son and daughters rarely receive invitations, due to a fear on behalf of the party host that their mother might accompany them to the event.
I mean even people who name their children Charmaine have standards.
More from Kidspot on parenting:
- What type of parenting are you?
- Overparenting: are you guilty of it?
- The risks of being a helicopter parent
More on helicopter parenting:
- A generation tethered to helicopter parents from Aspen Education Group
- How to stop being a helicopter parent from WikiHow
- Bouncing back from helicopter parenting from ABC's The Drum
Have you ever encountered parental snobbery?


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TEA for a Cure
Simone Pardorla
Sunday, August 25, 2013 from 1:30 PM to 4:00 PM (PDT)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
Five years ago my brother, Erick Hankins, was diagnosed with Lymphoma. It was one of the scariest times in our lives and your love, support and prayers is what got him and our family through the most difficult times. I am so thrilled to be able to tell you that Erick has now been 100% cancer free!! He is truly blessed and not a day goes by that he does not realize that he is one of the lucky ones.
On October 20, 2013 I will be honoring my brother, Erick and my dear friend Janelle Miller who is currently battling Breast Cancer, along with every other person afflicted with cancers, by running the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco. I'll be one of thousands who run with the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society's Team in Training. Yep, that's right, 26.2 miles. It will be my first marathon and, naturally, the merciless hills of San Francisco are the best place to showcase my novice status.
Every four minutes, someone new is diagnosed with blood cancer and every ten minutes someone loses the battle....
I have a mission-to help find cures and more effective treatments for blood cancers. To accomplish that mission, I am participating in a sports endurance event as a member of The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society's (LLS) Team In Training. Like the other members of TNT, I will be raising funds to help find cures and better treatments for leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloma. I am improving the quality of my life by participating and with your support, we can help improve the quality of life for patients and their families as well.
To help me with my fundraising for this very important cause I invite you to join me for an afternoon of
TEA for TNT
Your $45 donation for your ticket gets you a fabulous afternoon of Authentic English High Tea ....
Fresh Fruit Salad
An assortment of Tea Sandwhiches
Scones with Cream & Jelly
Homemade Shortbread
Chocolate Dipped Strawberries
High Tea will be served at 2:00 p.m.
There will be a Silent Auction, raffle and door prizes ---
Just an example of some of the fabulous prizes
Two weeks of dog training from The Dog School
Cynthia's Tea Garden - High Tea for Two
Sephora items & Gift Cards
A Round of Golf at Mira Vista Country Club
Many more items!!!
Someone will be recognized and celebrated as a survivor.
Someone will know they are not fighting this alone.
Someone will attend our event and be encouraged and inspired to help.
Somone knows there's at least one person in this world who cares.
Please keep in mind that everything at this event has been generously donated, so 100% of your ticket price will go straight to ground-breaking cancer research, patient services, and financial aid for families who cannot afford treatment.
Get your tickets early as seating is limited!!!!!
When & Where
Cynthia's Tea Garden
4071 Bay St
Sunday, August 25, 2013 from 1:30 PM to 4:00 PM (PDT)
Add to my calendar


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Warren-Tricomi Style Smoothing Shampoo gently cleanses and readies hair for blow dry straightening while eliminating frizz, repelling humidity and locking in shine.
Warren-Tricomi Blow Dry Lotion transforms your daily blow-dry, taming frizz and smoothing fly-aways.
Warren-Tricomi Style Cushion Brush is a nylon and boar bristle styling tool that creates a gentle tension which actually polishes and smoothes strands with each stroke.
Warren-Tricomi Small Vented-Thermal Brush packs a powerful punch when paired with the heat of your blow dryer. Designed with both nylon and boar bristles, this brush gently grips hair and provides a glossy, polished finish while straightening or curling.
Warren-Tricomi Style Tension Brush is a unique brush made with natural Boar Bristles for straightening.
Warren-Tricomi Style Small Thermal Brush is a styling multi-tasker that can be used anytime, but is specifically designed with a heat conducting center that works great when used with a blow dryer to add shine and body to any style.
Warren-Tricomi Style Large-Vented Thermal Brush is designed to work in conjunction with your hairdryer, as its hollow center directs the flow of air through vents to allow for greater styling power.
Locks in moisture, calming hair and adding brilliant shine while guarding against color-fading UV rays. Infuses and soothes with a moisture binding blend of Avocado Oil and Wheat Protein plus Henna, Montana Flower, Hops, Yucca and Nettle extracts. Designed for dry, damaged hair; safe for color-treated hair.
No description available.


text:
The remodeling firm you can trust
When you decide to remodel your home, you are making a large commitment of your time and finances. You need to be certain that both your money and time will be handled in a professional manner. The client needs to be satisfied on the front end that all expenses are recorded and accounted for properly and that the remodeling project runs on schedule. More importantly, however, you deserve the assurance that the remodeling company you have hired is worthy of your trust.


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Official DIY: Bilstein Suspension Install + Caliper Rebuilt + Front Endlink Rebuilt
After 170000km, a leaking strut, weird noises when going over bumps, torn endlink boots and a possibly sticking brake caliper, I decided that it was time to address those problems, at once. Why at once? Because there are a lot of things that are common among those components, so it made sense to disassemble once and do all 3 of the issues together. Therefore I went on and ordered all of the required components plus new bolts as per BMW TIS instructions in order to perform a proper and safe repair.
Initial notes:
I chose to have my mechanic compress the springs in order to remove old struts and install new, due to the fact that he had a hydraulic spring compressor and made the job a 5-minute task. No need to struggle compressing springs using manual clamps if you have access to a hydraulic compressor.
I am not listing part numbers because not everything is the same on the E46, specially braking and suspension components. I recommend going to http://bmwfans.info, put your VIN and get vehicle-specific components.
I used a calibrated torque wrench to tighten all bolts and I'm encouraging everybody to do this.
Brands / Suppliers:
- Bilstein Sport Suspension - Turner Motorsport
- OEM spring pads, Sachs strut mounts/bearings - Turner Motorsport
- Hotchkis front endlinks rubber boots - ultimateboots.co.uk
- BMW Brake caliper repair kit - Pelican Parts
- Various bolts/nuts - BMW Dealership
- 450Nm Impact Wrench (mine's electric)
- 20-100Nm Torque Wrench
- 1/2" Wrench with 13mm, 17mm, 18mm, 22mm sockets
- Open wrench 10mm, 13mm
- Pliers, WD40, rags, compatible brake fluid, grease and safety gloves/glasses.
Official BMW TIS Torque Values as - Download
Official BMW TIS Instructions for Strut removal - Download
Official BMW TIS Instructions for brake caliper removal + rebuilt - Download
Instructions for brake bleeding - Link
Lets start. Part I - Suspension Removal
Remove (if installed) upper strut bar and re-install the removed nuts, do not tighten.
Loosen wheel lugs and place the car on jack stands. Personally the way I did was to drive the car on ramps, use a hydraulic jack to lift the car from the front center jack point, slide the ramps away, place jack stands at each jack point and carefully lower the hydraulic jack until car recess on the jack stands.
Remove wheels and place under car for additional safety measures. You can never be sure with only 2 jack stands holding the vehicle. I also used 2 hydraulic jacks under each frame rail for triple protection.
One of the most useful tools. The strut to steering knuckle 18mm bolt was impossible to remove without this tool. Honestly I'd have taken the car to a mechanic if I didn't have the impact wrench. At 450Nm max torque it still took me a while to get that bolt out.
The night before, sprayed a generous amount of WD40 on all bolts to be removed and let it soak.
Top endlink nut
Remove 13mm endlink nut. If the stud turns with the nut, use an open wrench to hold it from the other side. Since aftermarket endlinks, sizing may not be the same as BMW.
Place hydraulic jack under control arm, just to touch it. This will help dropping the suspension slowly.
Fun time:
Bolts were discarded afterwards and used new ones. Figure out why, the previous mechanic must have used over 500Nm of torque (suggested is 81Nm)
Once the lower 18mm bolt is removed, with the help of WD40, the strut is able to freely twist. The only thing holding it are the 3x13mm nuts located on the upper strut mount that you previously didn't tighten completely. Slowly lower the hydraulic jack until the strut breaks loose from the steering knuckle, tilt the strut a bit to facilitate movement. Once completely free, grab the strut with your strong hand and one by one, remove the 3x13mm nuts. Once removed you can maneuver the strut away from the car. Pretty intuitive once there.
Using rubber band, thick wire, whatever, secure the front wheel brake/bearing/knuckle assembly so that it doesn't tilt when you remove the strut. It IS pretty heavy and you don't want to stress the brake lines with its weight.
Blown suspension (will show later why)
Picture of what car looked like after temporary stop for sleeping (yes I was doing this after work so it was pretty late). Wheels stored in safe place
Did the other side too: Same process
Now, time to get the endlinks away. With the upper nut already removed it was only the lower one still attached. Although thicker and supposedly better than OEM the Hotchkis front endlinks suffered from torn boots in notime. Therefore to prevent damage to the ball joints I had to replace them. The current boots are not their originals but a temporary replacement from energy suspension. Didn't to much though, they were out of grease and full of dust.
New boots and their assorted lock rings.
Removed ball joint from rod and thoroughly cleaned
Packed with grease:
...and slid the new rubber boot.
Screwing the ball joints on the endlink rod. I also used loctite so that nothing gets unscrewed accidentally.
Once the endlinks were done, I resumed the suspension. A visit to the mechanic and 30 minutes later resulted this:
Eibach Pro-Kit on Bilstein Sport shocks with new rubber pads and Sachs upper strut mounts/bearings. I also went ahead and ordered front strut tower reinforcement plates as seen below to cope with the crappy roads we have.
Reinforcement plate in place:
Installing the new strut is the reverse procedure. Maneuver it in place while paying attention to get the top alignment pin in place. Unlike the OEM Sachs, the Bilstein struts do NOT go below the steering knuckle. This is normal, as there is a stop at the bottom of the knuckle preventing further movement. New bolt also in place and torqued to 81Nm. Top 13mm nuts also placed and torqued to 34Nm. Repeat same process for other side.
Part II: Brake caliper rebuilt.
Remove caliper and disconnect brake line from upper end where it meets with the steel hose. I used a plastic bag to grab leaking brake fluid.
New caliper guides to be installed along with new piston boot and seal. I used some high-temp silicon based grease for the rubber bushings/guides.
I thought they were exaggerating.. They did not. Blowing with compressed air through the brake line will literally launch the piston out of the caliper at light-speed. Be ready to stop it using a piece of wood (NOT YOUR HAND) and to use the rags to clean the remaining brake fluid within the caliper and brake line.
Piston had slight rust that had penetrated just a bit after the cover, but not a big deal. Rest of the piston and bore where perfect.
I used a plastic rod to remove the piston seal, clean the cylinder and installed the new seal along with the new guides. Used some brake fluid as lubricating agent I slowly pushed the piston back in place using a wooden rod. Getting the protective boot back on the caliper proved to be the most time consuming task, since it needs to slide evenly to make a good seal. I didn't take pictures, sorry, I was sweat, swearing, and very dirty with brake fluid. The process is the same for all 4 calipers, with the difference that the rear ones have smaller components. You MUST perform brake bleeding after installation.
Part III: Rear suspension
Place car on ramps and remove 2x13mm nuts on each side of the rear shock tower. Need to (obviously) take the covers out before seeing the 2 nuts.
18mm bolt to be removed holding the rear shock
The Bilstein shocks were simply uncompressible unless you were some dude on steroids. On the other hand, the OEM Sachs's piston was dropping within the shock by its own weight. It was like having no rear shocks from what I figured out.
Removed the stock nut on the OEM shock in order to reuse the rear shock mounts, bump stops and covers.
I had to use a hydraulic jack to push the rear shock in order to align with the mounting position. Bilstein includes a washer for that bolt.
Old stuff ready for recycling
No more brake caliper sticking
Quieter ride, no more weird noises, car feels SOLID again!
Added a couple more years of life to endlinks
Great write-up!! How difficult was it to push the caliper piston back in? I hear its a PITA...
Very Nice - Thank you for the write up - It will help many people here
Wasn't too bad to push the piston back, just need to have it aligned to avoid damage to the seal and bore. I had tough time getting the piston rubber cover back on other than that very easy job.
Great DIY for bilstein install. I just finished driver side and now need to tackle passenger side. Thanks OP for your help..
How did you get the piston out using the air compressor? Looks like a homemade attachment?
not really any attachment. Just secured the brake line somewhere, then I used the hand-gun from the air compressor to blow regulated compressed air to the caliper through the brake line. Once pressure starts to build inside the caliper, the piston will start to slide out until it reaches the end of the cylinder, where it will literally fly out, therefore the need to have something like a piece of wood to stop it from hitting the cast caliper.
I hope it will still work even though I have a little rust holding the piston coming out. How much pressure did you use?
I use this
Just stick it to the brake hose no need to modify anything
My uncle managed to get it out at the Auto-Body shop he works at. Thanks!
Thanks for the front strut DIY. I'm replacing my strut mounts and installing reinforcement plates (PO did a crappy fix resulting in uneven front suspension).
Nice write up. Doing it all today. Thanks!
I didn't know the endlinks are rebuildable! Otherwise I wouldn't have bought new ones when I put my Bilsteins in.
Is there a procedure that you followed or care to share one? Also, is there a kit for the rubber boots? Mine were torn.
OP, Did you remove the rear shocks while the wheels were resting on the ramps?
I have coil overs and I always remove the wheels and then the lower shock bolt to adjust the coils. (the coil overs I have needs removal of the shock bolt and lower the rear control arm, remove the springs to get to the adjuster).
If it could be done without having to remove the wheels, it would save me some time.
I plan on having the rear on the jackstands so the weight of the car will not be on the wheels, that should allow me to lower the control arms.
Only thing I am worried about is the removal of the wheel. If it can be done without removing the wheel, that would save me a lot of time.
I'm about to jump off a building trying to get my new Bilstein Touring struts in. To get the old crap Monroe struts out I had to compress the spring to finally get room to wiggle them out.. my control arms will not drop far enough down. Now looking at the new ones, they are at least 3 inches taller than the Monroe's. I'm thinking the only thing I can do is remove the scratch plate and drop the inner control arms to drop the whole wheel assembly. Anyone else ever come across this? I called OEM Bimmer to see if anyone else has called in about it..and googled my butt off. No help anywhere.. just seems crazy that I'm the only one who cant just drop the struts out and plop the news ones in like it no big deal. :-(
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Betty had a smile for everyone
IT IS with great sadness but most wonderful happy memories that we acknowledge the passing of the late Betty Brady.
Betty was a native of Ballyjamesduff in Cavan, and grew up there attending School and enjoying the country life.
Moving to Drogheda in her late teens, she still kept the tradition of attending and indeed taking part in the 'Frolic's' in Cavan for many years.
The Brady family lived on the Chord Road in Drogheda and Betty was a keen and active member of the local community there for over 60 years, giving her time to the community centre and always being there to listen and help anyone who called.
Betty worked in CSSD in Our Lady of Lourdes along with her good friend and companion Molly Smith and the two ladies kept everything running smoothly and sterile and always a welcome smile and a kind word for everyone passing by.
Her brother Tommy Brady has very fond memories of Betty - from the early days in Ballyjamesduff, taking Betty to dances in the 1950's, Sunday afternoon visits to his family and the many trips to Bettystown Beach - a favourite day out!
Her nieces and nephews always remember the favourite aunt who spoilt you rotten and had as much fun with you as she could possibly get away with, never telling tales about the naughty things you got up to!
Betty had many great friends and enjoyed socialising with them, never turning down an opportunity to have some fun.
When Betty turned 80 she realised that it was not possible for her to continue to live on her own in the Chord Road and was lucky to find her new home in Moorehall Lodge in Ardee, where she made many friends among the staff and residents there.
The stories are endless most of them not for printing, but with such a colourful imagination and rhymes to match every situation, Betty soon became the favourite aunt once again with the answer to all of life's little problems summed up in a rhyme or a song.
She is remembered fondly by her family, brothers Tommy, Charlie, Johnny and Ciaron, sister Mary, brother in law, sisters in law, nieces and nephews, her extended family in Moorehall Lodge, relatives and friends.
Month's Mind Mass in Our Lady of Lourdes Church Friday January 25th at 10am.


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Royal Continental4
Via Partenope 38/44, Napoli, 80121
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About the hotel
The Royal Continental is set right on Naples' seafront promenade, in a quiet neighbourhood. It offers a stunning rooftop pool, with panoramic views across the Bay of Naples and Castel dell'Ovo. Rooms are air conditioned and spacious with a modern design.
They all feature a private bathroom with slippers and hairdryer. Some offer a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. A sweet Italian breakfast is served each morning. At the restaurant you can enjoy Neapolitan dishes and international cuisine for dinner. Hotel Royal Continental also includes a gym, 530-seater auditorium, and numerous conference and meeting rooms. Secure parking and Wi-Fi access are available on site. The hotel is 500 metres from Naples' famous shopping district and the city's main cultural area. The port for ferries to Capri and Ischia is just 15 minutes away on foot. Free! One child under 3 years stays free (sharing bed with adults). No extra beds available. Crib available on request and must be confirmed by the hotel.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Air conditioning in rooms, 24 Hour Reception, Cots available, Smoking allowed in bedrooms, Safety Deposit Box, Minibar in each room, Telephone In Each Room, 24 Hour Room Service, Limited room service for hot food, Concierge, Laundry/Valet Service, Wake Up Call Available, Interconnecting rooms available, Pets Allowed, Doctor on call, Porter, Lift to all floors
- Parking
- Car parking available onsite
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available, Meeting Facilities, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Business Centre
- Leisure
- Gymnasium, Outdoor Pool, Fitness Centre, Massage, [Channels] News, [Channels] Sky Sports, [Channels] Movies (Pay Per View)
- In Room Entertainment
- TV, Satellite TV, Radio
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 01:00 hours
- By 01:00 hours
- Up to 11 years old
- The LateRooms.com rate for Royal Continental in Napoli is the total price of the room and not the 'per person' rate. All taxes are included, with the exception of city tax, which will be charged at 3.00(EUR) per person per night and is payable to the hotel directly.
- Pets are allowed
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