text: Project Estimation and scheduling Outline: – – – – Estimation overview Cocomo: concepts, process and tool. Detailed schedule/planning terminology and processes Planning Tools (MS Project) Estimation "The single most important task of a project: setting realistic expectations. Unrealistic expectations based on inaccurate estimates are the single largest cause of software failure." Futrell, Shafer and Shafer, "Quality Software Project Management" Why its important to you! Program development of large software systems normally experience 200-300% cost overruns and a 100% schedule slip 15% of large projects deliver…NOTHING! Key reasons…poor management and inaccurate estimations of development cost and schedule If not meeting schedules, developers often pay the price! The Problems Predicting software cost Predicting software schedule Controlling software risk Managing/tracking project as it progresses Fundamental estimation questions How much effort is required to complete an activity? How much calendar time is needed to complete an activity? What is the total cost of an activity? Project estimation and scheduling are interleaved management activities. Software cost components Hardware and software costs. Travel and training costs. Effort costs (the dominant factor in most projects) – – The salaries of engineers involved in the project; Social and insurance costs. Effort costs must take overheads into account – – – Costs of building, heating, lighting. Costs of networking and communications. Costs of shared facilities (e.g library, staff restaurant, etc.). Costing and pricing Estimates are made to discover the cost, to the developer, of producing a software system. There is not a simple relationship between the development cost and the price charged to the customer. Broader organisational, economic, political and business considerations influence the price charged. Software pricing factors M a rk et o pp ortu ni ty A d e ve lopm en t org an is at ion m ay qu ote a low p rice b eca us e it w ishes to m ov e into a ne w se gm en t o f th e soft wa re m ark et. A cce p tin g a low pro fit o n on e pro jec t m ay give th e o pp ortu nity o f mo re pro fit late r. The ex p erie n ce g ai n ed m ay al low n ew p ro du ct s t o be de v el o pe d. C os t es tim ate u nce rta in ty If an o rga n isatio n is u nsure of its cos t estim ate, it ma y inc rea se its pri ce b y som e c o ntin ge n cy o v er a n d a bo ve it s no rm al p ro fit. C o ntra ct u al te rms A c us to m er m ay b e w illi n g to al low th e d ev el o pe r to retai n o w n er sh ip o f the sou rc e co de an d reu se it in o th e r project s. Th e p rice ch arge d m ay th en be le ss th a n if th e soft wa re so urce co d e is ha n de d o ve r t o the cu stom er. R e qu irem en ts v ol a tility If th e req u irem en ts are lik el y to ch an ge , an orga nisa tio n m ay low er it s pric e to w in a c o ntra ct. A fte r the co n trac t is aw a rd ed , h ig h p rice s c a n b e c ha rge d fo r c ha n ge s t o th e req uirem en ts. F in an c ia l he alt h D ev e lo p ers in fin an c ia l diffic ul ty m a y low er th eir pr ice to ga in a c on tract . It is be tte r to m a ke a sm alle r th an no rma l p rof it or b re a k ev en t h an t o g o o ut of b usine ss. Nature of Estimates Man Months (or Person Months), defined as 152 man-hours of direct-charged labor Schedule in months (requirements complete to acceptance) Well-managed program 4 Common (subjective) estimation models Expert Judgment Analogy Parkinson's law Price to win Expert judgment One or more experts in both software development and the application domain use their experience to predict software costs. Process iterates until some consensus is reached. Advantages: Relatively cheap estimation method. Can be accurate if experts have direct experience of similar systems Disadvantages: Very inaccurate if there are no experts! Estimation by analogy The cost of a project is computed by comparing the project to a similar project in the same application domain Advantages: May be accurate if project data available and people/tools the same Disadvantages: Impossible if no comparable project has been tackled. Needs systematically maintained cost database Parkinson's Law The project costs whatever resources are available Advantages: No overspend Disadvantages: System is usually unfinished Cost Pricing to win The project costs whatever the customer has to spend on it Advantages: You get the contract Disadvantages: The probability that the customer gets the system he or she wants is small. Costs do not accurately reflect the work required. How do you know what customer has? Only a good strategy if you are willing to take a serious loss to get a first customer, or if Delivery of a radically reduced product is a real option. Top-down and bottom-up estimation Any of these approaches may be used top-down or bottom-up. Top-down – Start at the system level and assess the overall system functionality and how this is delivered through sub-systems. Bottom-up – Start at the component level and estimate the effort required for each component. Add these efforts to reach a final estimate. Top-down estimation Usable without knowledge of the system architecture and the components that might be part of the system. Takes into account costs such as integration, configuration management and documentation. Can underestimate the cost of solving difficult low-level technical problems. Bottom-up estimation Usable when the architecture of the system is known and components identified. This can be an accurate method if the system has been designed in detail. It may underestimate the costs of system level activities such as integration and documentation. Estimation methods Each method has strengths and weaknesses. Estimation should be based on several methods. If these do not return approximately the same result, then you have insufficient information available to make an estimate. Some action should be taken to find out more in order to make more accurate estimates. Pricing to win is sometimes the only applicable method. Pricing to win This approach may seem unethical and unbusinesslike. However, when detailed information is lacking it may be the only appropriate strategy. The project cost is agreed on the basis of an outline proposal and the development is constrained by that cost. A detailed specification may be negotiated or an evolutionary approach used for system development. Algorithmic cost modeling Cost is estimated as a mathematical function of product, project and process attributes whose values are estimated by project managers The function is derived from a study of historical costing data Most commonly used product attribute for cost estimation is LOC (code size) Most models are basically similar but with different attribute values Criteria for a Good Model Defined—clear what is estimated Accurate Objective—avoids subjective factors Results understandable Detailed Stable—second order relationships Right Scope Easy to Use Causal—future data not required Parsimonious—everything present is important Software productivity A measure of the rate at which individual engineers involved in software development produce software and associated documentation. Not quality-oriented although quality assurance is a factor in productivity assessment. Essentially, we want to measure useful functionality produced per time unit. Productivity measures Size related measures based on some output from the software process. This may be lines of delivered source code, object code instructions, etc. Function-related measures based on an estimate of the functionality of the delivered software. Function-points are the best known of this type of measure. Measurement problems Estimating the size of the measure (e.g. how many function points). Estimating the total number of programmer months that have elapsed. Estimating contractor productivity (e.g. documentation team) and incorporating this estimate in overall estimate. Lines of code What's a line of code? – – The measure was first proposed when programs were typed on cards with one line per card; How does this correspond to statements as in Java which can span several lines or where there can be several statements on one line. What programs should be counted as part of the system? This model assumes that there is a linear relationship between system size and volume of documentation. A key thing to understand about early estimates is that the uncertainty is more important than the initial line – don't see one estimate, seek justifiable bounds. Productivity comparisons The lower level the language, the more productive the programmer – The same functionality takes more code to implement in a lower-level language than in a highlevel language. The more verbose the programmer, the higher the productivity – Measures of productivity based on lines of code suggest that programmers who write verbose code are more productive than programmers who write compact code. System development times A na lys is Ass em bly c o de H ig h-le v el la n gu ag e Ass em bly c o de H ig h-le v el la n gu ag e 3 w e ek s 3 w e ek s D esig n C od ing T es ting 5 w e ek s 5 w e ek s 8 w e ek s 4 w e ek s 10 w ee k s 6 w e ek s D oc u me nt ation S iz e E ff or t Pr od uc tivi ty 5 00 0 lin es 1 50 0 lin es 2 8 w ee ks 2 0 w ee ks 7 14 line s/m o nth 3 00 line s/m o nth 2 w e ek s 2 w e ek s Empirical Model (COCOMO) Provide computational means for deriving S/W cost estimates as functions of variables (major cost drivers) Functions used contain constants derived from statistical analysis of data from past projects: – can only be used if data from past projects is available – must be calibrated to reflect local environment – relies on initial size and cost factor estimates which themselves are questionable COCOMO COCOMO (CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL) -First published by Dr. Barry Boehm, 1981 Interactive cost estimation software package that models the cost, effort and schedule for a new software development activity. – Can be used on new systems or upgrades Derived from statistical regression of data from a base of 63 past projects (2000 - 512,000 DSIs) Where to Find CoCoMo http://sunset.usc.ede Or do a Google search on Barry Boehm. Productivity Levels Tends to be constant for a given programming shop developing a specific product. ~100 SLOC/MM for life-critical code ~320 SLOC/MM for US Government quality code ~1000 SLOC/MM for commercial code Nominal Project Profiles Size 8000 SLOC 21 32000 SLOC 91 128000 SLOC 392 Schedule 5 Months Staff 1.1 8 14 24 2.7 6.5 16 SLOC/ MM 376 352 327 MM 2000 SLOC 5 400 Input Data Delivered K source lines of code(KSLOC) Various scale factors: – – – – – Experience Process maturity Required reliability Complexity Developmental constraints COCOMO Uses Basic Effort Equation – Effort=A(size)exponent – Effort=EAF*A(size)exponent – Estimate man-months (MM) of effort to complete S/W project • 1 MM = 152 hours of development – Size estimation defined in terms of Source lines of code delivered in the final product – 15 cost drivers (personal, computer, and project attributes) COCOMO Mode & Model Three development environments (modes) – Organic Mode – Semidetached Mode – Embedded Mode Three increasingly complex models – Basic Model – Intermediate Model – Detailed Model COCOMO Modes Organic Mode – Developed in familiar, stable environment – Product similar to previously developed product – <50,000 DSIs (ex: accounting system) Semidetached Mode – somewhere between Organic and Embedded Embedded Mode – new product requiring a great deal of innovation – inflexible constraints and interface requirements (ex: real-time systems) COCOMO Models Basic Model – Used for early rough, estimates of project cost, performance, and schedule – Accuracy: within a factor of 2 of actuals 60% of time Intermediate Model – Uses Effort Adjustment Factor (EAF) fm 15 cost drivers – Doesn't account for 10 - 20 % of cost (trng, maint, TAD, etc) – Accuracy: within 20% of actuals 68% of time Detailed Model – Uses different Effort Multipliers for each phase of project (everybody uses intermediate model) Basic Model Effort Equation (COCOMO 81) Effort=A(size)exponent – A is a constant based on the developmental mode • organic = 2.4 • semi = 3.0 • embedded = 3.6 – Size = 1000s Source Lines of Code (KSLOC) – Exponent is constant given mode • organic = 1.05 • semi = 1.12 • embedded = 1.20 Basic Model Schedule Equation (COCOMO 81) MTDEV (Minimum time to develop) = 2.5*(Effort)exponent 2.5 is constant for all modes Exponent based on mode – organic = 0.38 – semi = 0.35 – embedded = 0.32 Note that MTDEV does not depend on number of people assigned. Counting KSLOC Still how to estimate KSLOC Get 2 "experts" to provide estimates. – – – – – Better if estimates are based on software requirements Even better if estimates are based on design doc Good to get best estimate as well as "+- size. Make sure they address "integration/glue" code/logic. Take average of experts. If using Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in scheduling, estimate KSLOC per task. Note not all "tasks" have KSLOC. • Remember COCOMO is strict development effort not management, reporting or user support. • COCOMO Does NOT include defining the Requirements/Specification! Some beginners guidelines • A good estimate is defendable if the size of the product is identified in reasonable terms that make sense for the application. Without serious experience, estimating Lines of Code for a substantial application can be meaningless, so stick to what makes sense. Bottom up is better for beginners. • An estimate is defendable if it is clear how it was achieved. If the estimate simply came from SWAG, or whatever sugar-coated term you would like to give for an undefendable number), that information itself gives us an understanding of the legitimacy we can apply to the numbers, and we should expect a large uncertainty. • If it was achieved by taking the business targets and simply suggesting we can fit all the work into the available time, we can send the estimator back to the drawing board. • A good estimate allows all the stakeholders to understand what went into the estimate, and agree on the uncertainty associated with that estimate. With that, realistic decisions can be made. If there is any black magic along the way, or if there is a suggestion that you can accurately predict, you are in for trouble. Basic COCOMO assumptions Implicit productivity estimate Organic mode = 16 LOC/day Embedded mode = 4 LOC/day Time required is a function of total effort NOT team size Not clear how to adapt model to personnel availability Intermediate COCOMO Takes basic COCOMO as starting point Identifies personnel, product, computer and project attributes which affect cost and development time. Multiplies basic cost by attribute multipliers which may increase or decrease costs Attributes Personnel attributes Analyst capability Virtual machine experience Programmer capability Programming language experience Application experience Product attributes Reliability requirement Database size Product complexity More Attributes Computer attributes Execution time constraints Storage constraints Virtual machine volatility Computer turnaround time Project attributes Modern programming practices Software tools Required development schedule Intermediate Model Effort Equation (COCOMO 81) Effort=EAF*A(size)exponent – EAF (effort adjustment factor) is the product of effort multipliers corresponding to each cost driver rating – A is a constant based on the developmental mode • organic = 3.2 • semi = 3.0 • embedded = 2.8 – Size = 1000s Delivered Source Instruction (KDSI) – Exponent is constant given mode COCOMO COST DRIVERS Ratings range: VL, L, N, H, VH, XH RELY R e lia b ility P CAP P ro g ra m m e r C a p a b ility DATA D a ta b a s e S ize AEX P Ap p lica tio n s E xp e rie n ce CP LX C o m p le xity P EX P P la tfo rm E xp e rie n ce RUS E R e q u ire d R e u s a b ility LTEX L a n g u a g e a n d To o l E xp e rie n ce DOCU D o cu m e n ta tio n P CON P e rs o n n e l C o n tin u ity TIM E E xe cu tio n Tim e C o n s ta n t TOOL U s e o f S o ftw a re To o ls S TOR Ma in S to ra g e C o n s tra in t S ITE Mu ltis ite D e ve lo p m e n t P V OL P la tfo rm Vo la tility S CED R e q u ire d S ch e d u le ACAP An a lys t C a p a b ility Gone:VIRT,TURN,MDDP,VEXP New: RUSE, DOCU, PVOL, PCON Example COCOMO TURN and TOOL Adjustments COCOMO 81 Rating L N H VH COCOMO Multiplier: CPLX 1.00 1.15 1.23 1.3 1.24 1.10 1.00 COCOM Multiplier: TOOL Intermediate Model Example Highly complex intermediate organic project with high tool use: exp1 Effort=EAF*A(KDSI) Estimate 3000 DSIs CPLX = 1.3 (VH) MTDEV= 2.5*(Effort)exp2 TOOL = 1.10 (L) EAF = 1.3*1.10 = 1.43 Effort = 1.43 * 3.2 * 31.05 = 14.5 man months MTDEV = 2.5 * 14.50.38 = 6.9 months Staff required = 14.5/6.9 = 2.1 people Example with "options" Embedded software system on microcomputer hardware. Basic COCOMO predicts a 45 person-month effort requirement Attributes = RELY (1.15), STOR (1.21), TIME (1.10), TOOL (1.10) Intermediate COCOMO predicts 45 * 1.15 * 1.21 * 1.10 *1.10 = 76 person-months. Assume total cost of person month = $7000. Total cost = 76 * $7000 = $532, 000 Option: Hardware Investment Processor capacity and store doubled TIME and STOR multipliers = 1 Extra investment of $30, 000 required Fewer tools available TOOL = 1.15 Total cost = 45 * 1.24 * 1.15 * $7000 = $449, 190 Cost saving = $83, 000 Cocomo in practice (89 projects) Canned Language Multipliers were accurate – can be tuned/calibrated for a company. Modeling personnel factors, and creating options/scenarios can be a valuable tool. Assumptions and Risks should be factored into the model Tool Demonstration (web based version) http://sunset.usc.edu/research/COCOMOII/expert_cocomo/expert_cocomo2000.html http://sunset.usc.edu/research/COCOMOII/expert_cocomo/expert_cocomo2000.html Its Free and easy to use. So Use it! You can also get a standalone win32 version Free CoCoMo Tools COCOMO II - This program is an implementation of the 1981 COCOMO Intermediate Model. It predicts software development effort, schedule and effort distribution. It is available for SunOS or MS Windows and can be downloaded for free. The COCOMO II model is an update of COCOMO 1981 to address software development practice's in the 1990's and 2000's. Revised Intermediate COCOMO (REVIC) is available for downloading from the US Air Force Cost Analysis Agency (AFCAA). TAMU COCOMO is an on-line version of COCOMO from Texas A&M University. Agile COCOMO - The Center continues to do research on Agile COCOMO II a cost estimation tool that is based on COCOMO II. It uses analogy based estimation to generate accurate results while being very simple to use and easy to learn. COCOTS - The USC Center is actively conducting research in the area of off-the-shelf software integration cost modelling. Our new cost model COCOTS (COnstructive COTS), focuses on estimating the cost, effort, and schedule associated with using commercial off-theshelf (COTS) components in a software development project. Though still experimental, COCOTS is a model complementary to COCOMO II, capturing costs that traditionally have been outside the scope of COCOMO. Ideally, once fully formulated and validated, COCOTS will be used in concert with COCOMO to provide a complete software development cost estimation solution. Resources Software Cost Estimating With COCOMO II – Boehm, Abts, Brown, Chulani, Clark, Horowitz, Madachy, Reifer, Steece ISBN:013-026692-2 COCOMO II - http://sunset.usc.edu/research/COCOMOII/ NASA Cost Estimating Web Site http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/bu2/COCOMO.html Longstreet Consulting - http://www.ifpug.com/freemanual.htm Barry Boehm Bio http://sunset.usc.edu/Research_Group/barry.html Conclusions Experience shows that seat-of-the-pants estimates of cost and schedule are 50%- 75% of the actual time/cost. This amount of error is enough to get a manager fired in many companies. Lack of hands-on experience is associated with massive cost overruns. Technical risks are associated with massive cost overruns. Do your estimates carefully! Keep them up-to-date! Manage to them! Project Scheduling/Planning COCOMO his high-level resource estimation. To actually do project need more refined plan. Work breakdown structures (WBS) Types: Process, product, hybrid Formats: Outline or graphical org chart High-level WBS does not show dependencies or durations What hurts most is what's missing Becomes input to many things, esp. schedule Estimation History is your best ally – Especially when using LOC, function points, etc. Use multiple methods if possible – This reduces your risk – If using "experts", use two Get buy-in Remember: it's an iterative process! Know your "presentation" techniques Estimation Bottom-up • More work to create but more accurate • Often with Expert Judgment at the task level Top-down • Used in the earliest phases • Usually with/as Analogy or Expert Judgment Analogy • Comparison with previous project: formal or informal Expert Judgment • Via staff members who will do the work • Most common technique along w/analogy • Best if multiple 'experts' consulted Estimation Parametric Methods – Know the trade-offs of: LOC & Function Points Function Points – Benefit: relatively independent of the technology used to develop the system – We will re-visit this briefly later in semester (when discussing "software metrics") – Variants: WEBMO (no need to know this for exam) Re-Use Estimation – See QSPM outline U Calgary Your Early Phase Processes Initial Planning: • Why – SOW, Charter • What/How (partial/1st pass) – WBS – Other planning documents » Software Development Plan, Risk Mgmt., Cfg. Mgmt. Estimating • Size (quantity/complexity) and Effort (duration) • Iterates Scheduling • Begins along with 1st estimates • Iterates Scheduling Once tasks (from the WBS) and size/effort (from estimation) are known: then schedule Primary objectives • Best time • Least cost • Least risk Secondary objectives • Evaluation of schedule alternatives • Effective use of resources • Communications Terminology Precedence: • A task that must occur before another is said to have precedence of the other Concurrence: • Concurrent tasks are those that can occur at the same time (in parallel) Leads & Lag Time • Delays between activities • Time required before or after a given task Terminology Milestones – – – – Have a duration of zero Identify critical points in your schedule Shown as inverted triangle or a diamond Often used at "review" or "delivery" times • Or at end or beginning of phases • Ex: Software Requirements Review (SRR) • Ex: User Sign-off – Can be tied to contract terms Terminology Example Milestones Terminology Slack & Float – Float & Slack: synonymous terms – Free Slack – Slack an activity has before it delays next task – Total Slack – Slack an activity has before delaying whole project – Slack Time TS = TL – TE • TE = earliest time an event can take place • TL = latest date it can occur w/o extending project's completion date Scheduling Techniques – Mathematical Analysis • Network Diagrams – PERT – CPM – GERT – Bar Charts • Milestone Chart • Gantt Chart Network Diagrams Developed in the 1950's A graphical representation of the tasks necessary to complete a project Visualizes the flow of tasks & relationships Mathematical Analysis PERT – Program Evaluation and Review Technique CPM – Critical Path Method Sometimes treated synonymously All are models using network diagrams MS-Project Example Network Diagrams Two classic formats – AOA: Activity on Arrow – AON: Activity on Node Each task labeled with • Identifier (usually a letter/code) • Duration (in std. unit like days) There are other variations of labeling There is 1 start & 1 end event Time goes from left to right Node Formats Network Diagrams AOA consists of • Circles representing Events – Such as 'start' or 'end' of a given task • Lines representing Tasks – Thing being done 'Build UI' • a.k.a. Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) AON • Tasks on Nodes – Nodes can be circles or rectangles (usually latter) – Task information written on node • Arrows are dependencies between tasks • a.k.a. Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) Critical Path "The specific set of sequential tasks upon which the project completion date depends" – or "the longest full path" All projects have a Critical Path Accelerating non-critical tasks do not directly shorten the schedule Critical Path Example CPM Critical Path Method – The process for determining and optimizing the critical path Non-CP tasks can start earlier or later w/o impacting completion date Note: Critical Path may change to another as you shorten the current Should be done in conjunction with the you & the functional manager 4 Task Dependency Types Mandatory Dependencies • • • • "Hard logic" dependencies Nature of the work dictates an ordering Ex: Coding has to precede testing Ex: UI design precedes UI implementation Discretionary Dependencies • • • • "Soft logic" dependencies Determined by the project management team Process-driven Ex: Discretionary order of creating certain modules 4 Task Dependency Types External Dependencies • Outside of the project itself • Ex: Release of 3rd party product; contract signoff • Ex: stakeholders, suppliers, Y2K, year end Resource Dependencies • Two task rely on the same resource • Ex: You have only one DBA but multiple DB tasks Task Dependency Relationships Finish-to-Start (FS) – B cannot start till A finishes – A: Construct fence; B: Paint Fence Start-to-Start (SS) – B cannot start till A starts – A: Pour foundation; B: Level concrete Finish-to-Finish (FF) – B cannot finish till A finishes – A: Add wiring; B: Inspect electrical Start-to-Finish (SF) – B cannot finish till A starts (rare) Example Step 1 Milestone Chart Sometimes called a "bar charts" Simple Gantt chart – Either showing just highest summary bars – Or milestones only Bar Chart Gantt Chart Gantt Chart Disadvantages – Does not show interdependencies well – Does not uncertainty of a given activity (as does PERT) Advantages – Easily understood – Easily created and maintained Note: Software now shows dependencies among tasks in Gantt charts – In the "old" days Gantt charts did not show these dependencies, bar charts typically do not. Modern Gantt charts do show them. Reducing Project Duration How can you shorten the schedule? Via – – – – Reducing scope (or quality) Adding resources Concurrency (perform tasks in parallel) Substitution of activities Compression Techniques Shorten the overall duration of the project Crashing • • • • • Looks at cost and schedule tradeoffs Gain greatest compression with least cost Add resources to critical path tasks Limit or reduce requirements (scope) Changing the sequence of tasks Fast Tracking • Overlapping of phases, activities or tasks that would otherwise be sequential • Involves some risk • May cause rework Mythical Man-Month Book: "The Mythical Man-Month" – Author: Fred Brooks "The classic book on the human elements of software engineering" First two chapters are full of terrific insight (and quotes) Mythical Man-Month "Cost varies as product of men and months, progress does not." "Hence the man-month as a unit for measuring the size of job is a dangerous and deceptive myth" Reliance on hunches and guesses – What is 'gutless estimating'? The myth of additional manpower – Brooks Law – "Adding manpower to a late project makes it later" Mythical Man-Month Optimism – "All programmers are optimists" – 1st false assumption: "all will go well" or "each task takes only as long as it 'ought' to take" – The Fix: Consider the larger probabilities Cost (overhead) of communication (and training) • His formula: n(n-1)/2 – How long does a 12 month project take? – 1 person: 1 month – 2 persons = 7 months (2 man-months extra) – 3 persons = 5 months (e man-months extra) – Fix: don't assume adding people will solve the problem Mythical Man-Month Sequential nature of the process – "The bearing of a child takes nine months, no matter how many women are assigned" What is the most mis-scheduled part of process? • Testing (the most linear process) Why is this particularly bad? • Occurs late in process and w/o warning • Higher costs: primary and secondary Fix: Allocate more test time • Understand task dependencies Mythical Man-Month Q: "How does a project get to be a year late"? – A: "One day at a time" Studies – Each task: twice as long as estimated – Only 50% of work week was programming Fixes – No "fuzzy" milestones (get the "true" status) – Reduce the role of conflict – Identify the "true status" Planning and Scheduling Tools Big variety of products, from simple/single project to enterprise resource management See for instance: – http://www.columbia.edu/~jm2217/#OtherSoftware – http://www.startwright.com/project1.htm Some free tools to play with: – Ganttproject (java based) – Some tools on linux Free evaluation – Intellysis project desktop – FastTrack Schedule MS-Project Mid-market leader Has approx. 50% overall market share 70-80% MS-Project users never used automated project tracking prior (a "first" tool) Not a mid/high-end tool for EPM (Enterprise Project Mgmt.) While in this class you can get a free copy though MS Academic Alliance – email me if interested. Project Pros Easy outlining of tasks including support for hierarchical Work breakdown structures (WBS) Resource management Accuracy: baseline vs. actual; various calculations Easy charting and graphics Cost management Capture historical data Project Cons Illusion of control Workgroup/sharing features ok, still in-progress Scaling No estimation features Remember: – Being a MS-Project expert does not make you an expert project manager! – No more so than knowing MS-Word makes you a good writer. Project UI (Un)Link Buttons Toolbars Outline Buttons Indicators Enter Tasks Here Timescale Gantt Chart View Bar Task Bars Task Sheet Milestone Split Bar The MS-Project Process Move WBS into a Project outline (in Task Sheet) Add resources (team members or roles) Add costs for resources Assign resources to tasks Establish dependencies Refine and optimize Create baseline Track progress (enter actuals, etc.) Create Your Project File/New Setup start date Setup calendar – Menu: Project/Project Information – Often left with default settings – Hours, holidays Enter WBS Outlining Sub-tasks and summary tasks Do not enter start/end dates for each Just start with Task Name and Duration for each Use Indent/Outdent buttons to define summary tasks and subtasks You can enter specific Start/End dates but don't most of the time Establish Durations Know the abbreviations – h/d/w/m – D is default Can use partial – .5d is a half-day task Elapsed durations Estimated durations – Put a '?' after duration DURATION != WORK (but initial default is that it is) Add Resources Work Resources – People • (can be % of a person. All resources split equally on task. Tboult[25%], Eng1 means task gets 25% of tboult's time, 100% of Eng1 thus it gets 1.25MM per month). Material Resources – Things – Can be used to track costs • Ex: amount of equipment purchased – Not used as often in typical software project Resource Sheet Can add new resources here – Or directly in the task entry sheet • Beware of mis-spellings (Project will create near-duplicates) Setup costs – Such as annual salary (put 'yr' after 'Std. Rate') Effort-Driven Scheduling MS-Project default Duration * Units = Work • Duration = Work / Units (D = W/U) • Work = Duration * Units (W = D*U) • Units = Work / Duration (U = W/D) Adding more resources to a task shortens duration Can be changed on a per-task basis • In the advanced tab of Task Information dialog box • Task Type setting Beware the Mythical Man-month • Good for laying bricks, not always so for software development Link Tasks On toolbar: Link & Unlink buttons – Good for many at once Or via Gantt chart – Drag from one task to another Milestones Zero duration tasks Insert task 'normally' but put 0 in duration Common for reports, Functional module/test completions, etc. – Good SE practice says milestones MUST be measurable and well spread through the project. Make Assignments Approach 1. Using Task Sheet – Using Resource Names column – You can create new ones by just typing-in here 2. Using Assign Resources dialog box – Good for multiple resources – Highlight task, Tools/Resources or toolbar button 3. Using Task Information dialog – Resources tab 4. Task Entry view – View/More Views/Task Entry – Or Task Entry view on Resource Mgmt. toolbar Save Baseline Saves all current information about your project – Dates, resource assignments, durations, costs Fine Tune Then is used later as basis for comparing against "actuals" Menu: Tools/Tracking/Save Baseline Project 2002 3 Editions: Standard, Professional, Server MS Project Server 2002 – (TB's never used server 2002 or newer) Based on docs. • • • • • Upgrade of old "Project Central" Includes "Project Web Access", web-based UI (partial) Workgroup and resource notification features Requires SQL-Server and IIS "Portfolio Analyzer" – Drill-down into projects via pivot tables & charts • "Portfolio Modeler" – Create models and "what-if" scenarios • SharePoint Team Services integration Newer versions of Project MS-Project Professional – "Build Team" feature • Skills-based resource matching – Resource Pools: with skill set tracking – Resource Substitution Wizard "Project Guide" feature – Customizable "process component"


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Haynes attended the Byron De'Vinner Combine in Homewood, Alabama this past weekend and had a really good day, testing-wise and playing-wise.
"I ran a 4.37 and a 4.39 but I'm more of a 4.4 type guy. But the 4.3s boosted my confidence," said Haynes. "I also had a 32 inch vertical jump."
He also showed great hands, quickness and great route-running as evidenced by the video below.
He's also doing well in seven-on-seven ball this spring, playing for the Tennessee Xpress team.
"It's going really good," said Haynes. "We've won all of our tournaments. (Personally) I've had a total of 36 touchdowns in 20-something games."
Playing 7-on-7 ball and attending his high school classes has left him little time to deal with recruiting, specifically attending college Junior Days.
"I've been invited to a lot of Junior Days but I've only gone to one so far; I went to Mississippi State's," said Haynes.
He came away impressed with what he saw at MSU.
"It went well," he said. "I liked their new facility. It was impressive."
Mississippi State is one of several colleges that he plans on camping at this summer.
"I know that I'm attending camps at Mississippi State, Missouri, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama and Auburn," said Haynes.
Those schools, along with several others are showing him recruiting attention.
"All but two SEC schools and Middle Tennessee are showing interest in me," said Haynes.
Although he has no favorite schools at the moment, he does have an idea what he's looking for in a football program.
"I'm looking for a team that will fit me as a receiver, a team that has an offense that will fit me," said Haynes.
Keep it on Scout.com/FoxSportsNext.com for the latest recruiting updates on this very talented young receiver.
Gene Swindoll is the publisher of the GenesPage.com website, the source for Mississippi State sports on Scout.com sports network. You can contact him by emailing email@example.com.


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The Cavaliers break in a new quarterback Michael Brewer (6-0, 170) and a new personal protector, left tackle Taylor Doyle. Brewer has the unenviable task of replacing one of Texas football's greatest high school quarterbacks, while Doyle replaces Texas Longhorn offensive lineman Paden Kelly.
Doyle has a leg up as he started all sixteen games last season for the Cavaliers at right tackle as a sophomore. As a junior in 2009, Doyle will move to left tackle as Kelly moves to the Forty Acres.
Doyle is already a known commodity due to his role on last year's team, but he has bulked up this offseason by over thirty pounds.
"I am a little under 6-5 by about a quarter-inch and 265 pounds," Taylor Doyle told Burnt Orange Beat last week. Doyle played last season at about 230 pounds.
"My goal is to get to 270 this summer."
College recruiters certainly noticed the tackle even when he was an undersized sophomore, so it is clear now that Doyle is on the recruiting radar of virtually every area team, including some regional powers.
"I am going to camp (this summer) at TCU, UT, and probably OU," said Doyle.
Brewer is the son of former Texas Longhorn quarterback Robert Brewer (1981-82). Brewer played sparingly during his sophomore season as a receiver grabbing 10 balls for 87 yards and 1 touchdown while also backing up Gilbert.


text:
When I first heard about the recent supposed meteor impact in Peru, and the sickness it has allegedly brought to locals, I was just going to let the whole thing slide. Something odd happened in a remote area, and it was pretty easy to write the mess off as a miscommunication.
But this thing seems to be building up quite a head of steam in the media, so I suppose it's worth a further look. If nothing else, it's interesting to look at how this news was handled as it was touched on by various parties. Here are the basic facts that first came out:
- Villagers in Peru near Lake Titicaca reported seeing a fireball trailing across the sky, ending with a loud bang. At some point in time (reports vary), a rain of smaller pieces of rock fell in the area. This happened in the middle of the day on Saturday, the 15th — but didn't show up in the press until two days later.
- Thinking they'd just witnessed a plane crash, local farmers went to investigate and found a crater. Estimates of its size vary, but they're all in the range of 10 – 20 meters in diameter, and a few meters deep.
• Along with some rocky debris, there were also reports of metallic lumps found around the hole
- The locals also reported that there was "boiling" water in the hole for about 10 minutes, and it was giving off vapors described as "sickening" and foul.
- Those that first visited the crater complained of headaches and vomiting. 7 police officers who subsequently investigated the situation also had to be given oxygen and rehydration therapy after they became ill.
Knowing just this much, a few possible explanations present themselves:
1) It really was a meteor. Using the crater calculator and a few reasonable assumptions, the impactor would have had to be about half a meter in diameter at impact — large for recent history, but not unreasonably so. This explanation has the advantage that it matches eyewitness descriptions of the fall. Weighing against this explanation is the fact that the meteor would be cold when it hit, so it shouldn't keep any water boiling after impact. A meteor on its own is also unlikely to generate any vapors after impact — but perhaps the water wasn't "boiling," so much as churning as gasses trapped in the soil bubbled up through the groundwater.
2) It was space junk, maybe a piece of an old rocket stage. This also would match descriptions of the object's fall (minus the rain of rocks), and could generate vapors after impact if the impactor included some tankage. Weighing against this explanation is that you'd expect to see a significant amount of surviving debris in and around the hole (which isn't evident in any images that I've seen).
3) A combination of local geological activity & meteor trail (i.e., the farmers saw a meteor burn up, then found a hydrovolcanic feature when they went to investigate). This explanation matches the eyewitness descriptions of the fireball, as well as the crater, bubbling water, vapors, etc. It would, though, require a pretty big coincidence to explain the bang people heard (i.e., the fireball flew overhead just before a big eruption). Some reports mention that there is apparently a fair amount of geological activity in the area (geysers, etc), so this isn't as far-fetched as it may first appear.
4) An additional candidate came from Pat Flannery on the sci.space.news newsgroup via Jim Oberg & Bad Astronomy — here, the crater was formed by the crash of a stray Scud-B missile. Again, this could potentially match eyewitness descriptions of the fall, as well as the crater's size, the bubbling water, and vapors. Weighing heavily against this option is that if a Scud hit the ground, you REALLY should see some debris in / around the hole. Scuds fly to their target in one piece (i.e., the warhead doesn't separate in flight, as is usually the case for ground-to-ground missiles). This not only makes Scuds cheap (they've been called the AK-47 of ballistic missiles), it makes them extremely inaccurate, and means that the whole body of the missile should be scattered around the crater. A fair number of images of the hole have made it on to the web, and none show any trace of large metal debris.
The most recent news indicates that geologists have arrived on the scene, and they have confirmed that the impactor really was a meteorite. In particular, a stony meteorite (something like 86% of meteorites found on Earth are stony, vs. iron). The metallic bits found around the crater are apparently magnetic, meaning they were bits of iron contained in the impactor. The "boiling" water and vapors could either be due to a chemical reaction of the impactor with the local soil & water, or else just something released in the formation of the crater.
So if this version of the story holds (i.e., nothing else is out there, working its way slowly through the news pipeline), only the illness angle is still a mystery. First reports suggested that a few dozen locals, including the police officers, got nauseous at the site. Later reports expanded the number of ill people to 200, then 500, then just "hundreds." Doctors who have now reached the site have found no evidence of illness in the people reporting symptoms. I have to wonder if it isn't just a combination of psychosomatic ailments and some crud the impact excavated from below the surface.
Stay tuned, I suspect we'll be hearing more about this in the coming weeks.
I'd barely posted this when I found out about a good article on the meteorite on the L. A. Times website.
And, of course, I posted an update with even more news here.
Technorati Tags: astronomy, geology, media, meteor, news, crater, science, space


text:
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Home > Academics > Colleges > Humanities and Social Sciences > Political Science > News
Department of Political Science
Five IUP students participated in the annual Mid-Atlantic Model European Union simulation in Washington, D.C.
Representing Sweden again this year, Xavier Alarcon, Joe Hovan, Kaitlyn Klinges, Justin Mauk, and Kevin Stay were among nearly two hundred students from East Coast schools who were discussing the issue of Turkish ascension to the European Union.
The students visited the Swedish Embassy in Washington and were briefed by Swedish diplomats as part of the intense three-day activity.
Department of Political Science
Posted on 12/2/2011 1:06:01 PM
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text:
Google layoffs: Sales and marketing reduced by 200 employees
Search engine monopolist Google will lay off 200 people working in the sales department. The manpower requirements in the sales and marketing organizations were misjudged and therefore the resources have to be readjusted to the arising costs.
The Google blog says that the sales and marketing department will be reduced by 200 people globally. Omid Kordestani, Google Senior VP, Global Sales and Business Development, confirmed that Google has misjudged the manpower requirements and will therefore undertake job cutbacks.
Growing as fast as it did the company has created uncontrolled growth within the organizational structures. That complicates the decision-making processes and thus slimming is necessary. Furthermore Google "over-invested in some areas in preparation for the growth trends we were experiencing at the time", confesses Kordestani.
All affected employees have the chance to find another position at Google or will be provided with severance packages. Only in January Google cut 100 jobs in the personnel department. 40 people had to leave when the radio advertising department was closed. Google still has more than 20,000 employees globally.
Further details can be found in the Google blog. More interesting articles about Google:
• Google Mail goes offline: Problems caused downtime
• Google G2 supposed to be released in May


text: Another sunny weekend in the UK and another sleepy village visited, we went to the New Forest yesterday and had picnic at the Trusty Servant Inn. It was all very 'olde worlde' the village green actually had a medieval stock (very Knights Tale!) the New Forest is also the home of Wild Ponies, like for real....random loose ponies just chilling in the street like they own the place! we spotted black and white ponies in the road, the white would not get into position (cheeky thing!) so I have a lovely picture of a ponies butt (or vagina...whatever it is back there) Freya ignored all of this and just played with a stick. So that was my weekend, what did you do?


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Chapter 4: the rising fog
Atherin Gallows
In the firelight, she leafed through the worn pages of her journal. She'd already looked through it four times, and she hadn't been able to find the incantation. If she didn't find it, the plan was ruined – she would have to start all over. She had his file, of course; it was how she knew which spell she would need. If she got too close without the spell… She tried to ignore the potential outcome. She needed the spell. She closed her eyes, fighting the swelling frustration, and took a steadying breath. It had to be in there, she thought, it simply had to be.
And then, at last, she found it. A wave of relief crashed over her and she felt the possibilities of the night swimming in the air around her. Once again, things were as they should be.
She would have what she needed before dawn. Darkstar would not be a problem, she told herself.
Give me shelter, a quiet place to think; the static of silence as my shroud. Give me shelter, a quiet place to think; the static of silence as my shroud. Give me shelter, a quiet place to think; the static of silence as my shroud.
Atherin pulled the long tendrils of her hair up and pinned them back. Still, they fell over her shoulders in smooth onyx waves. She tied her cloak around her neck and shrugged the cowl up to hide her face. Even in the bright, albeit flickering, light of her rented room, all that could be seen beneath the hood were the unsmiling lines of her mauve lips.
Beyond the window, she saw a shadow move toward the forest. He was on the move; it was time.
She made her way out of the small inn, adjacent to a pub – the inside of which she had never seen, and down the uneven cobblestone street. Cosilla was a beautiful place, if one could distance oneself from it's politics long enough to see it.
She followed her target silently, expertly moving into the darkened corners and taking cover when necessary. Together, they entered the blackened wood; no moonlight or glint of stars broke through the thick canopy – but it was not just the darkness that gave the forest its dangerous edge.
Very few ever returned from a midnight trip through the woodlands of Cosilla. Too rampant were the wild things that lurked in the hollows and caves.
She followed him, until the night had gobbled the both of them up.
She drew in a long breath, centering her focus and imagining that the cool mist was crawling up her legs. When she opened her eyes, she was shrouded in a dense fog that was rising from the ground before her very eyes. It rose swiftly and soundlessly; she fixed her eyes on her target and moved closer than she had previously dared.
She could not afford to lose him in the fog; he should lose her, she thought. It had become increasingly clear that he knew he was being tailed.
She bit her lip as she crept ever-closer, each inching step bringing her goal into reality. After a few stutteringly long and short moments, he was within touching distance. She removed a small pair of scissors from the pocket of her dress.
Quickly, with the deft motions of practice, she snipped off a lock of his hair. He heard the slide of metal on metal instantly, but she was faster – she circled around him as he turned around to search for the sound. She pocketed the hair and the pair of scissors; in the same motion, her left hand slid her hunting knife from its sheath at the small of her back.
This was the moment she had dreaded. He loomed above her, his broad chest like a wall separating her from escape. She reminded herself that he could not see her, could not hear her.
That, if she was quick, she could be done and gone in a single moment.
Swiftly, with all the courage inside of her bones, she sliced a clean slit in his forearm. Her free hand reached out in reaction, gripping the wound for the briefest of moments; only long enough to soak up a coating of his blood.
She let go and took off running into the fog as thunderclouds rolled in above the canopy of the woodlands. Lightning cracked, lighting the sky with every pulse of her heart. It was the only light that made it through the thick branches and leaves to reveal the misty ground.


text:
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text:
|A c.1910 Thor-engined Minneapolis board track racer
|Company founder and chief engineer Joe (Jack) Michaelson c.1910, on a Thor-engined single-speed board track racer with a reduction gear on the crankshaft
The Michaelson brothers also purchased V-twin engines from the Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (Thor), another bedrock of the American motorcycle industry. Aurora had been building Oscar Hedstrom's Indian engine design since 1901, since his partner George Hendee, who'd been building bicycles since 1889, didn't have the general engineering facilities required to cast and machine motors. Hendee had all the facilities to build the heavy-duty bicycle chassis, but Aurora built their engines through 1907, after which Indian took over all its own production. Part of Aurora's deal with Indian was licensed production of the Hedstrom motor, an F-head (inlet over exhaust) with 'atmospheric' intake valves, in single and twin-cylinder form, which they sold as their own 'Thor' brand, and also found their way into Merkel, Racycle, Reading Standard, and many other makes, each of which contributed to Indian's (and Aurora's) profits.
|R.S. Porter on another Thor-engined twin-cylinder racer in 1910
Paul Koutowski won that Indy race on a Minneapolis v-twin with Thor engine, which used a two-speed rear hub - a truly historic occasion, although motorcycle racing at Indy is largely forgotten today: the motorcycle races preceded automobile racing on the track by a year, and the rough original surface led to two crashes in the two-wheel race (one of whom was Jake DeRosier), and two fatalities in the first car race. The surface was repaved with bricks in 1911, and the 'Brickyard' was born...with no more bikes until 2009, when world champ Nicky Hayden pottered around on a vintage Indian.
|Winner of the first (and last, for a Century) motorcycle race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, one of four held that day
|William Ottoway's racing influence is clear with these Thor-engined Minneapolis single- and twin-cylinder racers
|The first Michaelson-designed motor, a sidevalve of 600cc, was among the first to use this configuration in the industry. Note the leading-link forks, which were also a Michaelson Bros design
|The Minneapolis patented two-speed countershaft gearbox, incorporated in unit with the single-cylinder machines, and as a bolted-on attachment to the Spacke v-twins
|A 1913 Minneapolis v-twin with Spacke engine and two-speed gearbox
|The Minneapolis was rare among all motorcycle manufacturers to feature the 'timing' side of the engine on the left. Spacke appears to have specially cast its crankcases to suit the reversed Minneapolis engine
|The 1911 Minneapolis 'Big 5' single-cylinder
|It appears a Minneapolis sidevalve single was used in a round-the-world trip covering 65,000 miles in 1911, by Murry Humphries and his wife.
|Anton Michaelson branched out into tri-car manufacture in 1913/4
|A 1911 sidevalve Michaelson single, with separate countershaft gearbox


text:
NFU President Peter Kendall speaks out about combating flooding
NewsMonday 10 February 2014
Peter Kendall, the president of the NFU, recently visited some of the country's most seriously flood hit areas in Somerset, Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire.
Kendall said that Britain needs to become more resilient and better managed when it comes to flood defences, in order to protect life and the environment.
The government has recently announced that it will be spending £100 million and a further £30 million on flood maintenance and repairs.
This was welcome news to the NFU, however, Kendall said that more needed to be done.
The NFU has called for the government and Environmental Agency to learn the lessons of these devastating floods. We have been in a similar situation before, as recently as 2007 and 2012, and climate change scientists have predicted precisely this type of event becoming more and more frequent in future decades.
Mr Kendall spoke on the matter saying: "Because of this we need more resilient, better managed flood defences with the capacity to protect life, property and farmland from excessive flooding. We must use all the tools available to us and make dredging a priority.
"Declining maintenance in rivers and watercourses and reducing investment in pumps and infrastructure is reported across the country. It's not all about Somerset of course, but Somerset is a prime example of two decades of underinvestment."
Suggesting what needs to be done, Mr Kendall said: "We must see a re-balancing of flood defence spending towards maintenance, which has declined by £49 million over last five year, as part of the aim to reduce the severity of flooding.
"We also need to see high quality farmland being given a far higher priority in flood protection. The Government's policy on flood defence must recognise the importance of food production and the business of farming and any funding provided for recovery needs to reflect this.
"Some of the debate in recent weeks has been about choosing between protecting urban and rural areas. This is an incredibly simplistic, not to mention dangerous, argument when in fact both must be protected and have a role to play in reducing flood severity."
Picture courtesy of Tejvan Pettinger via Flickr Creative Commons.


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Family raised Registered Blue eyed Siberian Husky Dam and Registered Golden Retriever Sire, litter born December 1, 2016. These puppies have blue eyes…SOLD
9 wk old male tri-colored F1 Goberian puppy, last one from our litter. Kennel trained, electronic collar trained, has had shots and wormer, very friendly…SOLD
Tri-colored Goberian puppies- Black, White and Brown - Dam is registered Siberian Husky, Sire is registered Golden Retriever. Born 4-5-16 These puppies…SOLD


text:
Which Sexy Book Character Do You Want To Sleep With?
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text:
What is IP?
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
What is an IP address?
IP address is a number eg. 127.0.0.1 to specify the address of a computer on the network , Internet and intranet. The number is in 32-bit format usually consists of four osembitnimi values in decimal format. There are two types of IP addresses static and dynamic. Static IP addresses are not changing, dynamic addresses are.
Which IP standards we know?
There are two standard IP addresses known as IPv4 and IPv6. Standard IPv4 to roughly 232 = 4,294,967,296 different addresses. IPv6 is composed of 128 bits , which provides approximately 2,128 = 3.4 x 1038 different titles.
Note : Develops already IPv9 standard , which should be 256 bits. This should allow approximately 2,256 = 1.157920892 x 1077 different titles.
Who takes care of IP addresses?
For the allocation of IP addresses on a global scale and their uses controlled organization IANA , which more than 5 authorized agencies responsible for allocating IP addresses in each region. Thus, each IP address falls in a specific region for better control of the region from which comes the individual user.


text:
Experts claim mega farms are the answer to keeping food prices down
NewsThursday 14 November 2013
A group of influential farming experts have spoken out saying that Britain needs more "mega farms" in order to keep food down and improve animal welfare.
These mega farms would house hundreds or thousands of animals.
Toby Mottram, professor at the Royal Agricultural University, spoke at a conference organised by the Science Media Centre. He said that herds of more than 1,000 cows had "significant economies of scale".
He stated that this would help to reduce the costs while allowing the yields to rise, saying that "the industry is going to larger herds. Big may be better".
At present, there are only a small number of mega farms in the UK that keep large animals. For example, there are only 17 dairy herds in the UK that have over 1,000 cattle. However, there are many poultry farms where thousands of bids are kept together. There are also several controversial projects in planning, according to the Guardian.
Local planning officials in Derbyshire have, for example, already turned down one project to house up to 25,000 pigs in a single facility in Foston. However, these plans may still be resurrected.
The reason mega farms - which contain hundreds or thousands of animals, such as cows and pigs - are controversial, is because the animals can be kept indoors most of the time, and sometimes for all of their lives.
In a number of nations, including the US, these farms have been blamed for the routine use of antibiotics on a huge scale. This has been associated with causing harm to human health, as a resistance to powerful antibiotics can be passed on through the animals to humans.
Only 2% of the UK's dairy farms keep their cattle indoors all year round, which is extremely low, compared to as many as 90% in the US.
At the conference, the experts went on to restate their concerns over the use of antibiotics on UK farms. They stated that the rules in the UK are much more restrictive, and that in the case of dairy cows, the farmers would lose money if antibiotics were used often, as the milk produced for three days after the treatment finished would have to be thrown away.
Christine Nicol, the professor of animal welfare at the University of Bristol, went on to say that mega farms need not mean more intensive farming. She said: "Animals can be better cared for in larger farms. I have been on some terrible small farms, that I wouldn't care if they went out of business."
The chair of the Pig Veterinary Society, Annie Davis, was also optimistic about welfare standards in larger farms. She said that the animals in larger farms could enjoy more individual attention from vets. "Small farms are not going to pay for a specialised vet to come from 100 miles away," she said.
Sadly, thousands of dairy farms in the UK have closed down in recent years. There were over 56,000 dairy farmers in 1980, and last year there were only a reported 14,500.
However, thanks to the fact that milk yield per cow has increased, the amount of milk produced in the UK has declined only slightly.
Commenting on the issue of animals spending all day indoors, Tim Bridgestock, the policy director at the Royal Association of British Dairy Farmers, said that animals kept indoors for most of the time didn't suffer as a result.
He also stated that large animals in the UK often spend several months of the year indoors due to poor weather conditions.
Ms Nicol also went on to mention that the hens observed in larger farms with good facilities, as opposed to the outlawed battery cages of years gone by, were less inclined to peck each other and showed less signs of illness.
Mr Brigstocke did mention that many farmers were concerned about mega farms because they didn't believe that animals should be kept indoors at all times. And, Mr Mottram stated that mega farms in the UK should have access to a large area of pasture, so that the animals could be fed without the overuse of fertilisers that has been associated with large farms in other nations.
Helen Browning, the chief executive at the Soil Association, spoke out against mega farms, saying they were bad for animals and the environment. She also called them "unnecessary".
"The problems facing the pig and dairy industries will not be solved by supersizing production – this fails to deal with the root cause of the issue," she said.
"Instead we need to pay our farmers a fair price for food, while expecting the highest standards of care for our environment, animals and health in return. It really should not be necessary for a farmer to milk 1,000 cows in order to make a good living."
She added:"Large-scale indoor animal units such as this are common practice in the United States. Experience there has shown that they impact negatively on smaller, family farms, and can have poor environmental and animal health outcomes, as they produce much more manure than the land close by can use, and usually rely on high levels of antibiotics to control disease.
"We should be focusing instead on the development of productive mixed farming systems that integrate the needs of animals, crops, wildlife and people in a humane and environmentally responsible way."
Many of the objections to mega farms also centre on the smells associated with them and the visual impact, as well as animal welfare.


text:
Evangelical Eucharistic Thought in the Church of England
€ 43,99
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
Februar 2002
BeschreibungThis book studies the way the Eucharist has been treated in the practice of the Evangelical tradition in the Church of England.
InhaltsverzeichnisPreface; List of abbreviations; Introduction: 1. The movement, the thesis, the method; Part I. Historical Survey: 2. The Reformers' bequest; 3. The legacy in the Anglican tradition; 4. The legacy in the Puritan tradition; 5. The traditions in the Revival; 6. Evangelicals, the tradition and the tension; Part II. The Recent Period: The nature of Anglican Evangelicalism in the recent period; 7. Fearing liturgical revision: Evangelicals and Lambeth 1958; 8. Facing liturgical revision: Evangelicals and Series Two; 9. Welcoming liturgical revision: Evangelicals and Series Three to the ASB and beyond; 10. Evangelicals and ecumenical statements on the Eucharist; 11. Evangelicals, the Eucharist and spirituality; Part III. Theological Analysis: 12. The Eucharist as sacrament; 13. The Eucharist as presence; 14. The Eucharist as sacrifice; Notes; Bibliography; Index.
Pressestimmen"Christopher Cocksworth's analysis of Evangelical eucharistic thought is perhaps the most significant study of the theology of 'serious religion' yet to appear." Choice "...a thorough, scholarly and often brilliant contribution to Anglican church history and to Evangelical theology." Anglican Theological Review "Cocksworth's book tries to answer these awkward questions...We are offered useful summaries of classical positions...The ecumenical lessons to be derived from this book are important." Christopher Hill, The Tablet "In this treatment of the theology and practice of the eucharist in the evangelical wing of Anglicanism, Cocksworth has not only given us an excellent and understandable historical survey of the subject but also has sketched a solid outline of evangelical eucharistic theology for the present period. For anyone interested in the history of the eucharist, Anglican theology, or the questions confronting Evangelicals today, this study would serve both as a reliable introduction and a stimulating catalyst for discerning further areas of research. For the ecumenist seeking something new in a field that seems characterized by continual deja vu, this volume will certainly offer inspiration." James L. Empereur, Journal of Ecumenical Studies
Untertitel: Revised. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PR
Erscheinungsdatum: Februar 2002
Seitenanzahl: 300 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


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England must beat India by at least two clear matches in the forthcoming series to be ranked as the world's top Test team. Anything less will be insufficient to remove their opponents from the No 1 spot they have occupied since last year.
It is England's declared mission to top the charts for the first time since the ICC's official ratings system began and if they miss out now they may have to wait a while for another opportunity, relying on India to lose to others.
At present England are in third place on 117 points, behind India on 125 and South Africa on 118. A win for England by 1-0 or 2-1 in the four-match series, which begins at Lord's next week, will see them overtake South Africa but only draw level with India.
But a home victory by 2-0 or 3-1, with points at stake because England lost to India at home four years ago, would see Andrew Strauss's side go three points clear. Although the rankings are arcane, depending on a multitude of factors including quality of the opposition and previous results between the sides, they are generally felt to be accurate.
A sense of anticipation is settling on England with such a prize at stake.
It is evident among the players that they feel the top of the bill act have arrived. India had their first practice yesterday at Taunton, where they will play Somerset in a three-day match starting tomorrow.
Jonathan Trott, one of England's enviably in-form batsmen, said: "It's a great opportunity, starting at the home of cricket, and going all around the country. It will be a great advert for the game on the back of a good series against Sri Lanka and hopefully it has caught the imagination of the country."
Ticket sales for the opening match suggest that Trott's wishes may be granted. India, Test No 1 and World Cup winners, are proving a huge draw and it is expected that Taunton too will be packed if Sachin Tendulkar and the rest of the vaunted batting line-up play, as seems probable.
Vaunted or not, Tendulkar or not, England's batsmen lose nothing by comparison at present. Trott has barely stopped for statistical breath since he made his debut against Australia in 2009 and now averages 62.23 after 21 matches with six hundreds.
"I was thinking the other day, we've won all the Tests I've scored hundreds in except the one against Australia in Brisbane where we managed to save the game," he said. "That is pleasing and contributing to winning Tests is what it is all about as an individual."
Of sustaining his remarkable run, Trott said: "I'd like to think so. There is no reason why not. There is no reason why you can't continue.
"But like life, cricket is similar. There are lots of ups and downs and it's how you deal with those and bounce back."
Trott has scored hundreds in two of his three Test matches at Lord's, beginning with 226 against Bangladesh last summer and then adding 184 in a partnership of 332 with Stuart Broad against Pakistan three months later.
"They were two different hundreds. The one against Bangladesh gave me confidence about my position and playing for England in Tests, but it's great to walk in there, see your name on the honours board. It reminds you of good innings, happy times."
If England were to lose to India, by any margin, they would still retain third place in the rankings, such is the gap between the top three and the rest.
Current Test rankings
1. India 125pts
2. South Africa 118
3. England 117
4. Sri Lanka 108
5. Australia 100
6. Pakistan 93
7. West Indies 89
8. New Zealand 78
- More about:
- Bangladesh
- Cricket
- Shane Warne
- South Asia


text:
Required Texts
For English 126, a grammar/writing handbook and a reader are required.
For the grammar/writing handbook, we require:
Hacker, Diana, and Nancy Sommers. The Bedford Handbook. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford, 2013. (ISBN 978-1457608025).
For the reader, we require:
Gardner, Janet E., Beverly Lawn, Jack Ridl, and Peter Schakel, eds. Literature: A Portable Anthology. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford, 2013. (ISBN 978-1457606502).
Please note when assigning readings that composition courses must include a minimum of nine (9) print and/or online reading selections encompassing a range of genres; readings for English 126 should include a variety of different literary genres as the course description notes: "Students will read a variety of short literary works including poetry, fiction, and/or drama."
Books should be ordered via CUNYFirst. For instructions, please contact Phebe Kirkham (email@example.com) or consult the English 125 and English 126 Resources Blackboard site.


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Chattam & Wells Mattresses and Bedding
Chattam & Wells have been in business since the early 1900s starting as a textile producer in Europe. Since then they became involved in the manufacturing of mattresses and today Chattam & Wells mattress options are plentiful.
Just as in the early days today Chattam & Wells prides itself on producing quality bedding for the marketplace. They have a reputation for offering top notch customer service and product value.
Chattam & Wells is a company that offers features that make sense. They have an excellent range of mattresses to meet all the needs of every customer. In fact their goal is to provide you with a healthy and luxurious sleep!


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Software Engineering (Games) University Grad
You have a strong programming background and a passion for video games. Software Engineers at EA develop the next generation of video games and deliver creative solutions in a dynamic and fast-paced environment. EA offers a wide array of intellectually demanding challenges, including (but not limited to):
- Gameplay Engineers – Compel gamers into 'one more play' by focusing on the strategy and "feel" of the game
- Build Engineers – Ensure a bug-free game by ensuring the consistency and validity of game builds and assets
- Front-End Engineers – Connect the front-end flash screen assets to the back end of the game
- Online Engineers – Write the code that allows players to compete against each other online
- Rendering Engineers – From complex 3D math to hardware shading, drive the process of generating an image from a model by means of computer programs
- Mobile Games Engineers – Contribute to original mobile games and help port existing games from consoles to mobile phones
- Tools Engineers – Write the scripting tools that allow designers to specify actions for the computer-controlled characters
- Animation Engineers – Work with Animators, Physics Engineers and Artificial Intelligence Engineers to optimize animation engine programming
- Audio Engineers – Create atmosphere, mood and unforgettable moments in gaming by artistically programming sound into games
- Physics Engineers – From collision detection to complex physical reactions, ensure realism and believability in the game's physics
- Artificial Intelligence Engineers – Immerse games into worlds with realistic actions and consequences by creating believable computer artificial intelligence
- Pursuing a BS, MS or PhD in Computer Science, Computer Engineering or related field
- Experience programming in C, C++, C#, Assembly, and experience with Object Oriented Design preferred
- Ability to learn and adapt quickly to new technology, platforms, and game areas
- Highly creative with excellent problem-solving and communication skills
- Passion for video games and one or more of the areas of focus listed above
Frederik, Gameplay Engineer – Visceral, Redwood Shores
"The people of EA really make working here a lot of fun. Add in the motivating challenges you face on a daily basis and you have an awesome work environment! One of the best parts of being a Gameplay Engineer is adding in cool features that players will truly enjoy. You also work with very talented game developers from whom you can learn about the elaborate process of making a video game as well as a tremendous amount of technical knowledge."
To see current and upcoming software engineering (games) university grad positions, click here.


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"He has a dinged up shoulder, and we're going to try to ding it up a little bit more for him, just to see where he's at, see if he folds," Washington said.
Defensive players often are aware of the injury report for offenses they face, Washington said.
"You always have it in the back of your mind," he said. "It's never the primary game plan to hurt somebody and take them out of the game, but if you know somebody is injured, you're going to keep it in the back of your mind as you tackle him."
It may be hard to target one body part during full speed action, but "you can probably try to drag him down and drive him into that shoulder if you possibly can," Washington said.
Washington will be returning to his starting middle linebacker spot after missing two games due to a shoulder injury, and he doesn't think the Gators will have any sympathy on him.
"I expect the same thing" Tebow will get, he said.


text: 000 FXUS63 KDLH 262054 AFDDLH Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Duluth MN 354 PM CDT Fri May 26 2017 .SHORT TERM...(This evening through Saturday) Issued at 354 PM CDT Fri May 26 2017 A surface trof of low pressure was moving into St.Louis county southwest through Aitkin county at 1920Z. A line of showers and isolated thunderstorms were occurring along an ahead of this trof. Followed the 17Z HRRR for timing of this activity through the forecast area. The HRRR has been doing a reasonable job with this activity for the last couple of runs. Storms should extend from Ely to the Twin Ports to Pine City by 22Z/5pm, the Arrowhead to the Hayward Lakes by 01Z/8pm, and come to an end by 03Z/10pm. The surface trof will have moved east of the region shortly thereafter, and with the loss of diurnal heating, no additional precipitation is expected. After 06Z, look for fog to develop over the eastern two thirds of the area with light winds and a clearing sky. The fog should erode by 9am Saturday. The forecast area will enjoy a break from the rain for most of the day Saturday. By afternoon, showers are expected to develop in response to a long wave trof that is progged to be found from northeast Minnesota southwestward to eastern South Dakota by 00Z Sunday. The showers will be found primarily from the Borderland southwest to northern Cass county, with isolated thunderstorms possible in the late afternoon. Max temps will be in the 60s near Lake Superior, to the lower 70s inland. .LONG TERM...(Saturday night through Friday) Issued at 354 PM CDT Fri May 26 2017 A cutoff upper low will keep partly cloudy skies and occasional rain chances in the picture Saturday night through midweek. Scattered showers and isolated thunderstorms should be ongoing in our western zones Saturday evening associated with an approaching cool front. Showers will weaken overnight with another round of showers and storms expected on Sunday. A few strong storms are possible as NAM/GFS/GEM profiles indicate 1-1.5 kJ/kg of MUCAPE during the afternoon. The strongest signal for potent thunderstorms is over northwest Wisconsin, but portions of the Arrowhead may also see a few strong storms. Most of the deterministic guidance features a compact and relatively strong vort max and shortwave trough moving through the Northland Sunday afternoon and evening. The GFS seems to carry the best signal for strong storms with the vort max rotating through the area during the late morning through mid-afternoon timeframe. The GEM is similar, but a little slower and a few miles farther north while the NAM and ECMWF has a much less defined feature in the vicinity. The closed low will wobble southeastward toward northern Lake Superior Sunday night and Monday. Several vorticity maxima will move across Minnesota and Wisconsin, and along with continued cold air advection aloft, should support numerous showers Monday, and a chance of isolated thunderstorms. A chance of scattered showers will continue off and on through Wednesday night as the closed low continues drifting toward New England and gradually fills. High pressure returns Wednesday night into the weekend. Temperatures will be near to slightly above normal with highs in the upper 60s and low 70s and overnight lows in the 40s and upper 30s. A lake breeze will be present some afternoons limiting temperatures near Lake Superior. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Saturday afternoon) Issued at 1255 PM CDT Fri May 26 2017 A trough of surface low pressure was located over central Minnesota this afternoon with several subtle elevated troughs from near the surface feature westward into eastern North Dakota. A robust cumulus field has developed along and behind the surface trough with the strongest updrafts ahead of each upper-level trough. Showers and thunderstorms have begun to develop over northern Minnesota, and additional development southward is expected through this afternoon. Think the best thunder potential at the terminals will be limited to a 2-3 hour window as the surface trough pushes eastward. Winds will veer westerly late this afternoon or tonight. HYR may experience a brief period of IFR visibility late tonight and model guidance points to lower visibility. Models also point to the potential for fog at DLH. With the scattered nature of the rain this afternoon, and limited amounts expected, don`t have much faith in visibility restrictions. Kept the 3SM mist at HYR from earlier shift, but moved the timing earlier in the night. High clouds drift into the Northland Saturday morning with primarily VFR conditions expected during the morning. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DLH 47 70 48 64 / 10 10 30 60 INL 46 71 46 63 / 0 20 30 50 BRD 48 72 49 67 / 0 10 20 40 HYR 48 72 49 68 / 60 10 30 50 ASX 48 71 49 66 / 30 10 30 50 && .DLH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WI...None. MN...None. LS...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...GSF LONG TERM...Huyck AVIATION...Huyck


text: Avian nephritis virus (ANV) on Brazilian chickens farms: circulating genotypes and intra-genotypic diversityLuis Luna Espinoza, Laila A. R. Beserra, Rodrigo M. Soares, Fabio GregoriArchives of Virology2016Avian nephritis virus (ANV), which belongs to the family Astroviridae, is associated with different clinical manifestations (including enteric disorders). Despite being frequently found in the avian industry worldwide, information regarding genetic features of these viruses in Brazil is scarce. Therefore, sixty fecal sample pools (5-6 birds of the same… (More)


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PS2 Classics Request!
Solved! Go to Solution.
Re: PS2 Classics Request!
Re: PS2 Classics Request!
It appears that Evolution Studio's (developers of the Motorstorm series and Driveclub) WRC Rally Evolved (2005) is a technical masterpiece and it would be very nice to see it offered on the PS3 in 'Classics', especially since it was never released in North America. Incredible draw distance with amazing vistas, realistic handling, dynamic events on the track- so far ahead of its time. It is a crime that this title has faded from memory and fallen into obscurity while rally fans have been dealt lackluster arcade titles ever since.
Re: PS2 Classics Request!
playstaion id love to see my classic games come to ps4 id love to have scarface the world is yours, def jam fight for ny, and def jam vendetta as well **bleep** starwars battlefront 1 & 2 plz id be very greatful
Re: PS2 Classics Request!
Make sure a thread is current/active before responding and necrobumping. This thread is now locked Please send a message to the PS forum mods if you have any questions about threads being locked.


text: Universal Quick-hardening Bulk Floor Of "EcoNivelir" - LTD Magma Trading House Toggle navigation TRADE DEALS Products Companies Product Company Search LOGIN E-mail Password Remember me Join Free JOIN FREE HomeConstruction & Real Estate Other Construction & Real Estate Universal Quick-hardening Bulk Floor Of "EcoNivelir" PRICE: contract price Product Description The dry mix is applied to final alignment of the concrete, cement and sand and plaster bases of a floor in residential and public buildings with normal humidity (50-60 %) layer 3-100 mm thick under the subsequent coverings all types of ceramic and keramogranitny plates, plates from a natural and artificial stone, linoleum, wooden floor coverings (a parquet, a parquet board, a massive board of a floor), a laminate, a carpet, pith floors, floor coverings from PVC, etc. For manual and machine drawing. It is recommended for the device of heated floors. Other products Gypsum cardboard MAGMA Price: contract price pour tiled Universal Price: contract price plaster "EcoPlaster" Price: contract price Plaster plaster "EcoLayer" Price: contract price Company Info LTD Magma Trading House Contact Person: Phone: +7 (342) 24-27-22, +7 (342) 47-06-14 Contact now × Contact form Your name: Your E-mail: Your Phone: Subject: Enter a message: Close


text:
Frontend & Backend Developer Trainee Programme. Are you interested?
If you have a thing for programming but a lack of experience, this may be your opportunity.
Grand Union is offering a Trainee Programme for young people that want to develop their skills of Frontend or Backend Programming.
We offer a 6-month paid working experience with the possibility to extend. You will be working in projects with a lot of visibility, together with a team of over 30 experienced developers.
We are looking for people who are eager to learn, have a relevant diploma or are in the final stage of obtaining one.
Interested? Send your CV to our Technical Director and who knows what might happen.
Did I mention that we have a bar in the agency?


text:
Bo - Project Phoenix Files
Project Phoenix File No. B52689 Archive.
Reconstruction Initiative: Data Retrieval Department.
Audio data recovered from destroyed armored vehicle found at National Oil Spill Response Test Facility, located in Leonardo, New Jersey. Approx. Three years after fist infection.
Crew Commander Posn. - "One hundred fifty, at two o'clock."
Gunner Posn.- "Traversing... On."
Crew Commander Posn. - "Let's try sabot."
Gunner Posn.- "Ready."
Crew Commander Posn. - "Fire."
*Thump Thump Thump*
Crew Commander Posn. - "Hit! ... wait for the dust to settle."
Driver Posn. - "Here they come!"
*Bursts of coax mounted machine gun fire*
Crew Commander Posn. - "To your left! Nine O'clock."
Gunner Posn.- "Seen."
Crew Commander Posn. - "Fire at will!"
*Thump Thump Thump Thump*
Driver Posn. - "Jesus, he's still coming."
Rear Sentry Posn. - "There's one on our a$$ man!"
*The sound of steel bending*
Driver Posn. - "Get it fast!"
Rear Sentry Posn. - "It's going for the hatch!"
*Thump Thump Thump Thump*
Gunner Posn. - "Out of Sabot, going to H.E."
Crew Commander Posn.- "Target left, get it before it reaches us.
*Thump Thump Thump*
Rear Sentry Posn. - "Yes! It's finally down!"
Crew Commander Posn. - "There's still two more."
*More steel bending*
Driver Posn. - "Aaargh! Aaaaargh!"
Gunner Posn - "Jay he's at the driver hatch! Get out! Get... Oh god no!"
Rear Sentry Posn. - "F@&$ing! S@$! I can't move!"
Crew Commander Posn. *faint* - "Dismount Dismount! Through the Gunner's hatch!"
Rear Hatch - "Boris!"
Rear Sentry Posn. *faint* - "Arhg, I can't F@*$ing move man! I don't want to die here! Arrgh!"
Gunner Posn. - "Boris! Give me your hand!"
*Machine gun fire ceases*
Gunner Posn. - "Boris!"
Rear Sentry Posn. *faint* - "Arrgh! Jarred, don't leave me here!"
Gunner Posn. - *Single loud gunshot*
Rear Sentry Posn. *static*
Gunner Posn. - "Move out. Go go go!"


text:
Holiday Inn Bangor-Odlin Road
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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- Shuttle bus service
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
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TravelPod Member ReviewsHoliday Inn Bangor-Odlin Road
This is your typical Holiday Inn. The website called it a Holiday Inn Express but all the behaviors say Holiday Inn including the attached restaurant. My only complaint is that there is only one elevator and it is at the back of the hotel.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
super Service, Hol-Bring-Chaffeurservice, moderate Preise, Zimmer ok, Frühstück etwas teuer aber ok. gerne kommen wir wieder
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews Holiday Inn Bangor-Odlin Road
Travel Blogs from Bangor
Day 1-Saturday
Left Minneapolis on Saturday. Had a small layover in Detroit and landed in Bangor, Maine around 10 PM Saturday night. Stayed at the local Holiday Inn but only having to go back to the Hertz counter because the car they gave had no gas and a soda in the cupholder. Wanted to add that we ate a coney dog at the Detroit airport. Don't know why but that cracked me up.
Short night, long day
... was beautiful for most of the day until the last hour coming into Maine, but I had expected scattered thunder showers. The road twists a lot near Bangor. I was acutely aware of this today as I would be headed toward sunshine for 5 minutes and then a curve would take me back under a big black cloud. Alas, it was the large grey cloud that dropped the third and final soaking In the ...
Day 13 - Boston travelling to Maine
... have been usefull here. - oh well.
Then I wanted to visit the USS constitution ship, Just stooped in the street that was quiet nearby, and Deb took some piccys for me.,
Overall Deb didn't like Boston, but to be fair to the city, you really need to spend 2 -3 days to tour it properly and use public transport. - i Would like to think we could visit here again on a long weekend trip, which is very possible now that we will be living near ...
Heading South finally. It's a wide Country!
... a day early and spend two days relaxing at the beach. We'll see how this goes.
We rode 404 miles today. This was shorter day because of the stop at Madawaska and stopping early to celebrate our completion of Stop 3. Believe it or not, we are not tired, sore or having regrets. This is a great ride and it is so much fun talking to people around the US and Canada.
Paul ...


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|svn commit: r525348 - /forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml
|Wed, 04 Apr 2007 01:36:39 GMT
Author: crossley Date: Tue Apr 3 18:36:38 2007 New Revision: 525348 URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=rev&rev=525348 Log: Add a note that supporting products should have been updated well before this stage. Modified: forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml Modified: forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml?view=diff&rev=525348&r1=525347&r2=525348 ============================================================================== --- forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml (original) +++ forrest/trunk/site-author/content/xdocs/procedures/release/How_to_release.xml Tue Apr 3 18:36:38 2007 @@ -97,12 +97,16 @@ <title>Tasks to be done by the project before the release can start</title>
There are a number of things to be done by the project before the release will start. Don't leave these until the last minute. - It is not the Release Manager's job to fix bugs nor address blocker issues. The RM job begins when the + It is not the Release Manager's job to fix bugs nor address blocker issues. The RM job begins after the project is ready to do the release.

The project updates the Roadmap to schedule the realistic Issues.

The project made good progress towards fixing the Blockers and applying the outstanding patches.

The documentation content is ready.
 +
Supporting products (e.g. Ant, Xerces) should have been updated well before this + stage. Do not attempt such upgrades too close to the release, as it + will distract attention from other issues and possibly introduce new problems. +

Relevant changes are listed in the site-author/status.xml and contributers have been attributed. Other changes are listed in the various plugins/status.xml files.

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text: BY CLARENCE E. HILL JR. email@example.com IRVING -- When the Dallas Cowboys' running game struggled in the preseason, coach Wade Phillips insisted there was no reason to panic. The Cowboys had the league's seventh-best running game in 2009. They were third in yards per attempt, with Marion Barber, Felix Jones and Tashard Choice averaging 4.4, 5.9 and 5.4 yards per carry, respectively. All the backs were returning and healthy. The line was seemingly intact and maybe a little better with Doug Free at left tackle in place of the departed Flozell Adams. Of course, that was before right tackle Marc Colombo and left guard Kyle Kosier missed the opener with knee injuries. Read more: http://www.star-telegram.com/2010/09/22/2488647/cowboys-offense-has-had-nowhere.html#ixzz10LcMw4HO


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Compliments to the Cook
Created April 2013
Lovingly Compiled by
Tammy Todd
An empty plate that once was full, is the best compliment to the cook of all.
March 12, 2013
Get Your Copy!
Order a professionally printed, perfect bound cookbook with a full color glossy cover and 50 recipes.
Or Read It Now On Your...


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Originally posted on RealGM | Last updated 4/25/13
Phil Jackson is interested in returning to work with an NBA team, only this time in a front office capacity. "I've had some talks with people and there are some interesting situations that are presenting themselves, but I really haven't made up my mind yet what I'm going to do," said Jackson. "None of it involves coaching. ... There are three or four teams that have been interested." Jackson last coached the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2011 NBA Playoffs. Jackson said he would be interested in a developing team "where you'd have the influence in (selecting the) coaching staff and the kind of culture that goes along with it. It goes all the way down to - not down to, but includes - trainers and the people who are doing the hands-on work with players, that have to be really embedded with how you put a team together. ... The support group is important; guys who get an opportunity to hear and talk and influence the players. "It would be a real opportunity to implant the game, a culture that I believe in - that's the intriguing part."
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Mark McNairy is taking care of business as hi mantras suggest with his latest collaboration with Adidas Originals for the AW13 season. The debut collection features familiar vintage Adidas silhouettes such as the Rod Laver and Nastase outfitted with McNairys personal touch of materials and colors. These will be available along with special edition apparel at exclusive Adidas Originals stockists.
Via HS