text:
Secretion of adiponectin by human placenta: differential modulation of adiponectin and its receptors by cytokines
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0194-7
- Cite this article as:
- Chen, J., Tan, B., Karteris, E. et al. Diabetologia (2006) 49: 1292. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0194-7
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Pregnancy, a state of insulin resistance, is associated with elevated levels of cytokines and profound alterations in metabolism. Serum adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising properties, has been shown to be lower in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, a state of greater insulin resistance than normal pregnancies. Hypothesising that the human placenta is a source of adiponectin, we investigated its expression and secretion, and the regulation by cytokines of adiponectin and its receptors.
Real-time RT-PCR, radioimmunoassay, Western blotting, radioligand binding and immunofluorescent analyses were applied to demonstrate the expression, secretion and functionality of placental adiponectin.
Adiponectin gene expression and protein were found in the human term placenta, with expression primarily in the syncytiotrophoblast. RIA of conditioned media from explant experiments revealed that the placenta can secrete adiponectin in vitro. Addition of conditioned media to HEK-293 cells transfected with the gene for adiponectin receptor-1 (ADIPOR1) altered the phosphorylation status of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, an effect abolished after preabsorption with adiponectin antibody. Cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and leptin, differentially modulated placental adiponectin receptors as well as adiponectin gene expression and secretion. Interestingly, in placentae from women with gestational diabetes mellitus, we observed significant downregulation of adiponectin mRNA, significant upregulation of ADIPOR1 expression, and a non-significant increase in ADIPOR2 expression.
Our results indicate that the human placenta produces and secretes adiponectin, and that adiponectin and its receptors are differentially regulated by cytokines and their expression altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Collectively, our novel data suggest that adiponectin may play a role in adapting energy metabolism at the materno-fetal interface.
KeywordsAdiponectin Adiponectin receptors Cytokines Gestational diabetes mellitus MAPK Placenta
adiponectin receptor type 1
adiponectin receptor type 2
extracellular signal-regulated kinase
gestational diabetes mellitus
human embryonic kidney 293 cells
mitogen-activated protein kinases
Pregnancy, a state of insulin resistance, is associated with elevated levels of cytokines [1] and profound alterations in metabolism, directed towards supplying adequate nutrition for the fetus.
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that has been shown to have anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic roles [2]. Adiponectin is a 30-kDa protein, composed of an N-terminal collagen-like sequence and a C-terminal globular region, termed 'full-length adiponectin'. Proteolytic cleavage of the globular domain yields a product, termed 'globular adiponectin' [2, 3], which circulates abundantly in human plasma [4]. Serum adiponectin levels are lower in insulin-resistant states [5], in contrast to the raised levels of other cytokines, e.g. interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and leptin [6]. Adiponectin orchestrates its effects by activating two seven-transmembrane domain receptors: adiponectin receptor type 1 (ADIPOR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) [7].
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a state of increased insulin resistance, can lead to complications during pregnancy and may also increase the risk of stillbirth [8]. Recently it has been shown that elevated leptin levels were positively associated with the risk of GDM, whereas adiponectin plasma levels are reduced in women with GDM [9, 10]. Cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, through their ability to interfere with insulin signalling, have been implicated in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes [11].
In humans, a significant negative correlation between adipose tissue mRNA/plasma adiponectin levels and TNF-α has been described [12], suggesting crosstalk between adiponectin and proinflammatory cytokines [13]. Furthermore, umbilical vein serum adiponectin levels were three-fold higher than maternal serum adiponectin levels in normal pregnancy [14]. When adiponectin levels were measured in cord vein, a striking increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations with gestational age was noted [15]; concentrations at term were more than 20-fold higher compared with 24 weeks of gestation [15].
In view of these findings, we hypothesised that the human placenta might be a source of adiponectin. Therefore, we investigated both the expression and the secretion of adiponectin by the placenta, and determined whether any differences exist in the expression of adiponectin and its receptors between normal and GDM placentae. Given the reciprocal association of adiponectin with proinflammatory cytokines and the observation that these proinflammatory cytokines are raised in pregnancy, we studied the influence of cytokines on adiponectin gene expression and secretion as well as their impact on adiponectin receptor mRNA levels.
Subjects, materials and methods
Subjects and placental explant tissue culture
Data of patients participating in this study
Control (n=10)
GDM (n=8)
p value
Age (years)
28.2 (range 20–37)
29.3 (range 20–37)
Systolic BP (mmHg)
126.8 (120–133)
127.4 (122–136)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
67.8 (60–80)
66.9 (62–80)
Birth weight (kg)
3.33 (range 2.7–3.85)
3.28 (range 2.6–3.9)
Fasting plasma glucose (nmol/l)
4.2 (range 4.0–4.5)
5.0 (range 4.6–5.5)
HbA1c (%)
Not available
Gestation (weeks/days)
BMI (kg/m2)
25.20 (20–27)
25.6 (20–28)
Proteinuria (pluses)
Caesarean section (%)
RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR
Primers used for RT-PCR analysis
Gene/product size
Sense primer
Antisense primer
ADIPOR1 (125 bp)
ADIPOR2 (190 bp)
Adiponectin (124 bp)
β-Actin (220 bp)
Real-time RT-PCR
Quantitative PCR was performed on a Roche Light Cycler system (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany). PCR reactions were performed as previously described [17]. The conditions consisted of denaturation of 95°C for 15 s, followed by 40 cycles of 94°C for 1 s, 60°C for 7 s and 72°C for 12 s, followed by melting curve analysis. For analysis, quantitative amounts of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors were standardised against the housekeeping gene β-actin (Table 2). As a negative control for all the reactions, preparations lacking RNA or reverse transcriptase were used in place of the cDNA. RNAs were assayed from two or three independent biological replicates. The RNA levels were expressed as a ratio, using the delta-delta method for comparing relative expression results between treatments in real-time PCR [18].
Paraffin-embedded sections of human placentae were dewaxed and dehydrated as before [19]. The primary goat polyclonal adiponectin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was used at 1:100 dilution. All dilutions were made in 1% BSA in PBS. Specimens were incubated with primary antibody for 60 min, and were then washed three times with PBS for 5 min each before incubation with anti-rabbit IgG-fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 50 min. Similarly, human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293)/ADIPOR1 cells were fixed and incubated with 10% BSA for 1 h before incubation with adipoR1 antibody (Alpha Diagnostic International, San Antonio, TX, USA). Secondary antibody incubations and visualisation followed, as described [19].
HEK-293 cell transfection
Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transiently transfected with the full-length ADIPOR1 gene (HEK-293/ADIPOR1) inserted into the expression vector pcDNA 3.1 (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) as previously described [20].
Western immunoblotting
HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cells were cultured overnight in serum-free medium, followed by treatment with adiponectin (100 nmol/l; Phoenix Peptides, Belmont, CA, USA), conditioned medium with adiponectin immunoprecipitated out of solution, and plain medium. Cells were then lysed, and proteins were separated on a SDS-12.5% polyacrylamide gel, using methods previously described [17]. For studies on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cells were incubated with adiponectin (100 nmol/l) for 10 min, and cell lysates were assayed for p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation. The primary antisera for the phosphor/total p38 and phosphor/total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA) and adiponectin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used at 1:1,000 dilution in PBS-0.1% Tween overnight at 4°C.
Radioligand binding assay
For competitive displacement studies, HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cell membranes (n=10; 100 μg protein) were incubated with 1 nmol/l of 125I-adiponectin (Linco Research, St. Charles, MI, USA) in the presence or absence of unlabelled peptide (0.1–1,000 nmol/l). Non-specific binding was measured in the presence of 1 μmol/l of unlabelled adiponectin [20].
Adiponectin RIA
After an overnight fast, venesection took place at 09.00–10.00 h, and samples (n=10) were then centrifuged at 4°C. Serum was stored at −70°C for further analysis. Serum adiponectin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (Linco Research) using serum samples diluted 1:600 in assay buffer. The concentration of adiponectin in tissue culture media from placental explants was determined using 100 μl of undiluted medium for each duplicate. The lowest level of human adiponectin detected in this assay was 1 ng/ml. The intra-assay variation was <6%.
Statistical analysis
Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of each measurement. ANOVA was performed to analyse measurements of the intensity of immunoreactive staining using a scanning densitometer (Scion Image; Scion, Frederick, MD, USA). Student's t-test was employed to calculate the significance of differences in the means between the different groups. A p value <0.05 was considered to be significant.
Expression of adiponectin in human placenta
Immunofluorescence analysis of human term placentae revealed that immunoreactive adiponectin staining was localised almost exclusively in the syncytiotrophoblast. We found no apparent expression in the cytotrophoblast and little staining was evident within the placental blood vessels (Fig. 1c, I). Adipose tissue was also used as a positive control (Fig. 1c, II). Negative serum controls confirmed the specificity of the positive immunoreactive staining (Fig. 1c, III, IV). Identical results were obtained from four independent experiments.
Secretion of placental adiponectin
Western blot analysis of conditioned media from placental explants (4 h) demonstrated the presence of adiponectin protein, with a molecular weight (around 33 kDa) identical to that found for placental (100 μg) and adipose tissue lysates (10 μg); there was no apparent protein expression of adiponectin detected in culture medium alone, whereas adiponectin was detectable in conditioned medium (Fig. 1d). Furthermore, RIA confirmed secretion of adiponectin in vitro from conditioned medium (n=10; 100±20 ng/ml), whereas in culture medium alone there was no detectable adiponectin present. Diluted serum from the same control subjects (n=10) was used as a positive control (Fig. 1e).
Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in GDM
Modulation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases by placental adiponectin
Following the detection of placental adiponectin, we used full-length adiponectin not to assess the biofunction of adiponectin receptors but to see whether the secreted placental adiponectin had affinity for the ADIPOR1 receptors. We did this by measuring its effect on the phosphorylation of MAPKs in HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cells. For this study, full-length adiponectin was used as a control.
Prior to this, we demonstrated the presence of functional ADIPOR1 in HEK-293 cells by using immunofluorescence and displacement studies. Immunofluorescent analysis, using a specific ADIPOR1 antibody, demonstrated expression of the receptor on the cell surface of HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cells, in accordance with its proposed localisation as a seven-transmembrane domain receptor (Fig. 2e, I). Preabsorption with blocking peptide for ADIPOR1 confirmed the specificity of the positive immunoreactive staining (Fig. 2e, II). Identical results were obtained from four independent experiments. The presence of functional ADIPOR1 receptors in HEK-293 cells was further confirmed by binding displacement studies. Human 'cold' adiponectin was able to displace its respective radiolabelled ligand from its binding sites in a concentration-dependent manner in HEK-293/ADIPOR1 cells (Fig. 2f).
Modulation of placental adiponectin by cytokines
Treatment of placental explants (Fig. 4a) with TNF-α or IFN-γ for 4 h did not exert any significant effect at the mRNA level, whereas at 24 h TNF-α reduced and IFN-γ induced adiponectin mRNA (p<0.05). Interestingly, a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ led to greater downregulation of adiponectin mRNA levels at both 4 h (40% below basal; p<0.05) and 24 h (95% below basal; p<0.01). IL-6, at both time points, significantly reduced adiponectin mRNA levels (4 h, 72%, p<0.05; 24 h, 85%, p<0.01) compared with basal. Of interest, however, treatment with leptin for 4 h induced adiponectin mRNA (70% above basal, p<0.05), whereas at 24 h adiponectin mRNA levels were dramatically reduced (90% below basal, p<0.01).
Further to the mRNA changes, these cytokines also altered the secretion of placental adiponectin into culture medium (Fig. 4b). After 4 h of incubation, all cytokines reduced the secretion of placental adiponectin (p<0.01). After 24 h of incubation, the pattern of adiponectin secretion mirrored that seen at the mRNA level, with the exception that leptin did not exert any significant effect, while IL-6 increased adiponectin (80% above basal; p<0.05).
Modulation of placental adiponectin receptors by cytokines
Interestingly, treatment of placental explants with TNF-α or IFN-γ or a combination of both did not have any apparent effect on adipoR2 at 4 h of treatment, whereas at 24 h changes in ADIPOR2 mRNA mirrored those of adiponectin (Fig. 5b). TNF-α significantly (p<0.05) downregulated ADIPOR2 mRNA and IFN-γ significantly (p<0.01) upregulated ADIPOR2, whereas a combination of both reduced ADIPOR2 mRNA levels (p<0.05). Moreover, both leptin and IL-6 significantly induced (p<0.05) ADIPOR2 mRNA at 4 h, whereas at 24 h leptin decreased ADIPOR2 mRNA and IL-6 had no effect on its gene expression (Fig. 5b).
In the present study, we demonstrate the production of adiponectin in the human placenta, and the presence of both types of adiponectin receptor. Furthermore, we provide novel data showing that the human placenta is able to secrete adiponectin (in an explant system) in an in vitro model. Expression of adiponectin was confined to the syncytiotrophoblast, a site where numerous placental hormones are produced, e.g. chorionic gonadotrophin [21], placental lactogen [21], corticotropin releasing factor [22] and urocortin [23]. Syncytiotrophoblast also expresses leptin [24] and resistin [25], two other adipokines, suggesting an important endocrine and metabolic role of the placenta. Proinflammatory cytokines, which are raised in pregnancy and contribute to the insulin-resistant state in pregnancy, differentially modulated placental adiponectin receptors as well as adiponectin expression and secretion.
Recently, it has been shown that plasma adiponectin levels are reduced in pregnancy-induced insulin resistance [9, 10]; in addition, plasma adiponectin correlates negatively with TNF-α and leptin [9]. Based on our data and the knowledge that cytokines are elevated during pregnancy [1], it is attractive to speculate that, during pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, cytokines exert a regulatory role in the secretion of placental adiponectin. Interestingly, we noted significantly lower adiponectin gene expression in GDM placenta, which may potentially contribute to the relatively lower plasma adiponectin levels seen in GDM subjects [10], known to have raised cytokines.
In accordance with a previous study in which cytokines were shown to influence the expression and secretion of adiponectin [26], we report similar effects on placental adiponectin. Interestingly, in isolation TNF-α reduced and IFN-γ induced adiponectin, but in combination they downregulated both mRNA expression and secretion of adiponectin by the greatest magnitude, when compared with the effects of TNF-α and IFN-γ alone. The molecular mechanism(s) for these effects is not entirely clear. What is evident from other biological systems, including human monocytes [27], rat brain [28] and murine macrophages [29], for example, is that IFN-γ influences the effect of TNF-α, in some cases being synergistic. Conversely, similar treatment of C2C12 myotubes with a combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ induced adiponectin mRNA expression over 24 h [26], suggesting that the adiponectin gene can or may be modulated in a tissue-specific fashion. Moreover, we found that treatment of placental explants with IL-6 resulted in a dramatic decrease in mRNA but a significant increase in adiponectin secretion at 24 h. The precise reason why there is this disparity between mRNA and secreted levels is not known but may represent either a form of negative feedback or differences in turnover. Additionally, leptin induced adiponectin at the mRNA level at 4 h and decreased it at 24 h, but significantly reduced secretion in vitro only at 4 h. The reason IL-6 and leptin exert these differential effects on mRNA and adiponectin secretion, an observation noted with each placenta, may be the fact that leptin induces IL-6 release in term trophoblast cells [30], which in turn can exert an inhibitory effect, influencing adiponectin secretion.
We also provide novel data on the presence of both types of adiponectin receptor in the human placenta and the influence of cytokines on their mRNA expression. Placental explants treated with TNF-α or IFN-γ or a combination of TNF-α with IFN-γ significantly induced ADIPOR1 mRNA at both 4 and 24 h, the two cytokines having a synergistic effect at 4 h, whereas IL-6 and leptin downregulated ADIPOR1 mRNA. Moreover, changes in ADIPOR2 mRNA mirrored those in adiponectin at 24 h: TNF-α significantly down regulated ADIPOR2 mRNA and IFN-γ significantly induced ADIPOR2, whereas a combination of TNF-α with IFN-γ reduced ADIPOR2 gene expression.
It appears therefore that metabolic changes can influence adiponectin receptor expression in the human placenta, and that the GDM placenta has a significantly raised ADIPOR1 level. Some of these changes may be explained by adiponectin's paracrine effects on these receptors. However, we feel that cytokines may also influence the adiponectin receptors directly, as there are differences in ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA expression at 24 h that cannot be explained simply by fluctuations in placental adiponectin. Collectively, our data open up the interesting concept that these receptors may have different functions in the placenta.
During the preparation of this paper, Caminos et al. demonstrated the presence of adiponectin mRNA and only ADIPOR2 in the human and rat placenta [31]. However, our study is the first to show: (1) both expression and secretion of adiponectin from the human placenta; (2) the presence of both types of adiponectin receptor, providing insight into the modulation of both adiponectin receptors and adiponectin expression/secretion by cytokines; and (3) lower levels of adiponectin mRNA and higher levels of ADIPOR1 in GDM placentae. We also provide evidence that the secreted placental adiponectin is functional.
In the present study, immunoreactive placental adiponectin, present in the conditioned medium, altered the phosphorylation status of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK in HEK-293 cells transfected with ADIPOR1, confirming the presence of bioactive adiponectin. Our data demonstrate for first time that placental adiponectin can suppress MAPK phosphorylation (ERK1/2 and p38) in a well-controlled environment. These MAPKs control many cellular events, from complex programmes such, as cell differentiation, proliferation and death, to the short-term changes required for homeostasis and acute hormonal responses. In the human placenta, the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways are essential for the initiation of trophoblast differentiation [32], implantation and placentation [33, 34]. It is attractive, therefore, to speculate that placental adiponectin acting in an autocrine/paracrine manner might influence placental development by altering the phosphorylation status of MAPKs. Further work is needed to investigate these MAPKs in placental explant systems.
A limitation of our study is that the results of our explant studies cannot be extrapolated directly to the whole feto-placental unit. However, the study does raise interesting questions on the potential mechanisms occurring in the placental microenvironment. On the other hand, the strengths of our study are that our the identification of adiponectin in the syncytiotrophoblast is undeniable, and that secretion (albeit in vitro) is significant and regulated by cytokines, the latter being implicated in the insulin-resistant state during pregnancy. Future studies should make use of placental cell lines that might express adiponectin and adiponectin receptors endogenously to dissect further their signalling properties, including the dichotomy between the secretion and expression of adiponectin with IL-6 and leptin. With regard to GDM placentae compared with controls, future studies are needed to investigate not only the secretion of placental adiponectin and its regulation by cytokines in an explant system, but also any differences in p38 and ERK1/2MAPK that may exist, given the higher miscarriage rates in diabetic pregnancies [35, 36]. Moreover, it will be interesting to investigate further what effect these cytokines have on adiponectin and its receptors in placentae, not only in GDM but also in those with type-1 diabetes mellitus, whose offspring are known to be at increased risk of developing obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In conclusion, we provide novel evidence that the human placenta secretes adiponectin. Our novel data also suggest that adiponectin and its receptors are modulated by cytokines. Moreover, in GDM placentae the expression of adiponectin is lower, whereas adiponectin receptors are upregulated. It therefore appears that placental adiponectin, acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion, might play an important role at the maternal-fetal interface and contribute to glucose metabolism during pregnancy.
This work was supported by Research Grants to H. S. Randeva from the General Charities of the City of Coventry. J. Chen is a British Heart Foundation Research Fellow. M. Vatish and H. S. Randeva should be considered joint last authors.


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Free dog vaccines offered to first 200 in DHS
Clinic starts at 9AM at DHS Senior Center, 11777 West Dr.
DESERT HOT SPRINGS, Calif. - The Riverside County Department of Animal Services will offer free dog vaccinations in Desert Hot Springs on Saturday.
The vaccination clinic will start at 9 a.m. at the Desert Hot Springs
Senior Center, 11777 West Drive. There are 200 slots, and the cutoff time is 1 p.m., according to animal services spokesman John Welsh.
Welsh said they expect residents of DHS to flock to the event, so if you're coming from another city, you probably won't make it in time for the first 200 dogs.
No appointments can be made, it's a first-come first-serve basis.
If you want to get your dog vaccinated for free, Welsh recommends you get to the event early because a long line is expected.
Dogs must be on a leash or in a pet carrier.
Microchips will be available for $10 each, which is pretty much the cheapest you can find them for, Welsh said.

subset: commoncrawl


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Marco Rubio, the next Senator from Florida, summarizes why he is running for office in one of the final ads of this election season. The Nov. 2 election is a generational choice, a choice between a renewed believe that America is an exceptional country where anyone can achieve their dreams however humble their origins and the Obama believe that America should become more like the rest of the world, a world where your birth limits what you can achieve.
Watch Marco Rubio express the essence of this election better than anyone:
Rubio has become known nationally for his ability to present the ideas of conservatives and the Tea Party movement. When he announced his candidacy, there was no Tea Party and he was trailing far behind the candidate who at the time was endorsed by the Republican establishment and who now has been reduced to the role of onstage heckler during the debates between Rubio and Democrat Kendrick Meek.
Hot Air calls this ad "the first ad of the 2016 presidential primary." We prefer to be more optimistic and hope that a Tea Party Republican defeats Obama in 2012 and will be running for a second term in 2016. We have no doubt that Marco Rubio would be a great candidate for President one day, but right now we need the 39-year-old as a leader of the opposition to Obama socialism in the Senate.


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Celebrity Parents Who Let Their Kids Dress Themselves
Letting kids dress themselves can be risky. While children's self-expression is awesome, their parents might face criticism for some, um, creative outfits. In Hollywood, the scrutiny is even more intense. But a number of celebrities believe in giving their kids this freedom anyway.
Take Adele, for instance. Earlier this year, the songstress took her three-year-old son Angelo to Disneyland and he was dressed up as Princess Anna from Disney's "Frozen."
This isn't surprising considering the 28-year-old previously told Time magazine, "Whatever my kid wants to do or be I will always support him no matter what."
Many other celebrity parents feel the same way and couldn't care less about what their kids wear, at home or in public. Flip through the slideshow below to find out who.
Parents: Kim Kardashian & Kanye West Of course North West (left) dresses herself! Her mom, Kim Kardashian, often posts photos of the two-year-old sporting princess outfits while on outings with her three-year-old cousin Penelope Disick (right).
Parents: Kourtney Kardashian & Scott Disick Like her younger cousin North, Penelope dresses herself, too. In the past, she has been spotted on outings with her mom, Kourtney Kardashian, dressed up as Elsa from Disney's "Frozen."
Parents: Angeline Jolie & Brad Pitt Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt's daughter Shiloh is the most stylish tomboy in Hollywood. At the age of four, Jolie spoke about her daughter's style, saying, "She likes to dress like a boy. She wants to be a boy. So we had to cut her hair. She likes to wear boys' everything. She thinks she's one of the brothers." Since then, Jolie and Pitt have let Shiloh embrace her boyish style. The now 10-year-old is often spotted in suits when attending red carpet events with her famous folks, and they don't mind in the least.
Parents: Gwen Stefani & Gavin Rossdale The Rossdale kids like to be expressive with their clothes. In 2013, for instance, Kingston made headlines when he was spotted wearing a pink tutu to a birthday party. Last year, Gwen Stefani revealed why she and ex Gavin Rossdale let their eldest sons – Kingston, 10, and Zuma, 7 – dress however they want. "It's one of those things where, it's not like I don't think about it, but they're used to being around me, and I'm always doing my hair, makeup, nails," Stefani told ET. "It's just normal for them. What I like to say is that being unique and original is what makes me happy, and I think that rubs off on them."
Parents: Will & Jada Pinkett Smith Jaden Smith is now known for his incredibly unique, gender-fluid style. While his dad Will admitted he was a little hesitant about his son wearing a dress at first, he came around quickly. "He is so completely comfortable and confident in who he is and when I look at him, I really admire that," the 47-year-old star said about Jaden.
Parents: Busy Philipps & Marc Silverstein In 2015, actress Busy Philipps revealed that she lets her kids – Birdie, 7, and Cricket, 2 – pick their own clothes. "I let [Birdie] dress herself. She should be making her own choices. She should get up in the morning and get herself dressed," Philipps told People. "The time for magical dressing is when I think they're in preschool, like 4 or 5 years old. They get really specific ideas," she continued. "[Cricket] is obsessed with these Native shoes. They're the ones that are rubbery — she has them in red with blue soles. She calls them her 'red shoes' and she will not wear any other pair of shoes."
Parents: David & Victoria Beckham David and Victoria Beckham are one stylish couple, so it only makes sense that their kids have great fashion sense, too. In 2015, David revealed that all his kids dress themselves. "They've got their own individual style, so we let them do it to a certain point – and then we take over," he said. "Of course, I'm their dad so I get a say... most of the time." Victoria added: "They've got their own thing going on and I let them express themselves. They've got good taste."
Parents: Matt Bomer "Magic Mike" star Matt Bomer and his partner Simon Halls let their three boys dress however they want. In 2012, the 38-year-old told Refinery 29: "I want to let them cultivate their own sense of expression in the world, and style is a great way to do that." Bomer and Halls are parents to 11-year-old Kit and 8-year-old twins Walker and Henry. According to Bomer, his eldest boy loves ties. "We'll say we're going out for dinner and he'll come down in a polo shirt, a tie, blue blazer, shorts and black skinny loafers," the dad-of-three explained. "We just embrace it and say, 'You look fantastic.' It's incredible. If that's what you wanna wear, do it."
Parents: Sarah Jessica Parker & Matthew Broderick In 2013, Sarah Jessica Parker revealed that her then three-year-old twins dressed themselves. "They pick out their own clothes every single day," the actress told People. "They won't listen. I just provide the clothing and a lot of those dresses they wear are from my childhood or my niece's young childhood." Parker's twins, Marion and Tabitha, are now six years old.
Parents: Adele & Simon Konecki Earlier this year, Adele and her boyfriend Simon Konecki took their three-year-old son Angelo to Disneyland and let him dress up as Princess Anna from Disney's "Frozen." It makes sense that the 28-year-old doesn't care about how her son dresses. In 2015, the singer told Time, "Whatever my kid wants to do or be I will always support him no matter what."


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Friday Oct. 18th 2013
Venue: Doubletree By Hilton Hotel Tampa Airport – Westshore
4500 West Cypress Street, Tampa, Florida, 33607, USA
TeamMadHouse member Matthew Gaither is covering the action live as it unfolds at Pier 6 Promtions Boxing – These results are sponsored by Intimidation Clothing
Fight #7 MAIN EVENT: IBU Light Heavyweight Title Fight: Radivoje Kaladjdzic vs Otis Griffin: Kaladjdzic wins via TKO at 1:49 of the 1st round.
Fight #6 Co-Main Event: Super Middleweight: Aaron Jaco vs Timothy Hall Jr: Jaco wins via TKO at 1:20 of the 5th round.
Fight #5 Jr Lightweight: Ricky Tomlinson vs Bryan Resto: (4 rounds) Fight ruled a Draw (39-37, 30-36, 38-38).
Fight #4 Jr Bantamweight: Noemi Bosques vs Maria Ruiz: Bosques wins via Unanimous Decision (40-35)
Fight #3 Welterweight: Paul Simpson vs Jean Colon De Jesus: Simpson wins via KO at 1:31 of the 1st round.
Fight #2 Light Heavyweight: Lenin Castillo vs Charles Hayward: Castillo wins via Unanimous Decision (8 rounds)(79-72, 80-71, 80-71)
Fight #1 Light Heavyweight: Jarret White vs Nathan Ortiz: White wins via TKO at 2:29 of the 1st round.


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We have come to the conclusion that we do not like being called gringo. They other word they use for white people here is guero, which more or less means blondie. This terms is a bit more of a term of endearment. Gringo is not. After ...


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Pack less. Be more.
A bit of a silly question, but I don't want to spend more than I need to:
We purchased our own tarp. Philmont asks crews to bring 150' of rope. I had assumed that it was to be used for guylines for the Philmont tents. Do the tents come with guylines already attached? Do I need to purchase additional rope for the tarp?
Thank you!
@geistLocale: Smoky Mountains
Hi Ellyn,
The 150' of rope that Philmont requests that you bring is bear rope
used to hang your crew's bear bags. Philmont has cables strung up
at each camp site to throw the rope over. The bear rope needs to be
quite a bit stronger than a guyline.
If you bring your own lightweight tarp — our crew did — then you
also need to bring the cords and hiking poles necessary to set it up.
@drichiLocale: midwest
Philmont suggests 3-50' 1/8" nylon cords. you will use some of these to string lines on the tarp. You will have guy lines on the tents, but need some extra for any repairs and works well for a cloths line. They will issue the crew bear ropes. I don't think that they are going to allow 7/64" amsteel rope in the future for bear ropes. They were making a lot of noise about the small rope damaging the trees it is tied off to last summer. I was told that they were not allowing use by the end of last season. I have not heard anyone comment yet this year after they returned. dave
I've purchased some additional cord.
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- Admissions
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Degree and Course Requirements | Financing | Equipment List
NEW PROGRAM PROPOSAL: MFA in Games and Interactive Media
Significant Change Proposal: Addition of SIS-642 to the MFA in Film and Electronic Media
The MFA prepares you for a career as an artist telling meaningful stories for public knowledge and action in film and video productions, including documentaries, feature films and television. It also prepares you to teach at the university level.
The MFA includes courses in media studies, history and theory that complement the production courses, including advanced-level production courses in an area of concentration such as narrative, documentary, scriptwriting, producing, and new media. You will also take a seminar in teaching philosophy, skills and techniques.
Eligible students may submit a waiver request to test out of the required introductory courses, COMM 610 Production Skills (3) and COMM 630 Principles of Photography (3), and core requirements. If the waiver is granted, students will be required to take other courses for a total of 6 credits in order to reach the 54 credit requirement for the MFA in Film & Electronic Media. To request a waiver send a waiver request to the School of Communication's Graduate Academic Services Office, email@example.com, no later than July 21. The faculty will contact the student directly to schedule a phone/Skype interview and, if applicable, a test. The faculty will grant or deny the request for a waiver and notify the student of the outcome.
You will have opportunities for stimulating internships with national media companies or networks and for an intensive semester in Prague. Students use American University's film, video and digital equipment to acquire or strengthen their skills in film and video production, script writing, computer animation, digital imaging, sound production, and electronic media design and programming for the Web. The program's award-winning faculty are available for advising and mentoring. All students are encouraged to participate in the courses, seminars, and screenings provided by SOC's Center for Media & Social Impact and Center for Environmental Filmmaking.


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Claim this Profile
BestCompany.com is trying to work directly with this company to verify the accuracy of the information on this page. Thank you for your patience as we make sure we're getting it right.
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Consumer Credit is a nonprofit debt consolidation organization focused on helping consumers improve their financial situation through different financial tools and resources. Consumer Credit has over 25 years of experience and has received national attention for its work from organizations like Forbes, Fox News and The Wall Street Journal. Through the debt consolidation company, consumers are able to learn about different topics such as homeownership, student loans, and budgeting.
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National Recognition
Consumer Credit has received considerable recognition from established news organizations such as Forbes, Fox News, U.S. News, USA Today, and The Wall Street Journal. Most consolidation companies do not have this type of recognition from such big name organizations. Consumers can have confidence in choosing a debt consolidation company that knows what it's like to operate under the public eye.
Well Accredited
One thing we really like to see is that Consumer Credit is accredited with the Financial Counseling Association of America (FCAA). Potential customers should look for accreditations while shopping for the right company to work with. Accreditations require companies to uphold certain standards and best practices. These standards guarantee a certain level of quality in services. We commend Consumer Credit for maintaining these accreditations and showing their customers that they hold themselves to the industry best practices.
Financial Tools and Resources
As a debt consolidation company, Consumer Credit provides various tools and resources to help consumers manage and eliminate debt. Some of the tools available include credit counseling and bankruptcy counseling. Consumer Credit also makes it possible for consumers to learn about budgeting, homeownership, identity theft and college planning. These resources help consumers increase financial literacy and can aid in future financial decisions. We appreciate that CESI provides these resources to their clients, it shows that they care about the long term success of their clients.
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- No ISO certification
- Lacking transparency
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There have been a small spread of complaints against Consumer Credit. Some of the complaints include advertising/sales issues, billing/collection issues and problems with the products/services provided by Consumer Credit. Although these complaints have been closed, consumers may risk having a negative experience. Hopefully, Consumer Credit has resolved the internal issues of these complaints. In time we hope to see more satisfied customers and less complaints.
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text:
UNTIL now the only Tour de France I've had any interest in has been the album by Kraftwerk.
German electro synth-pop aside, I've been following the real deal that is, of course, the cycle race.
The reason for my new passion is Britain's Bradley Wiggins — who, barring catastrophe, should win the competition today, having sported the leader's jersey for the Tour's last stage. He'll make history as the first Brit to win it.
For Wiggins to triumph in one of the world's most gruelling sporting events is an amazing feat. No other British rider has finished better than fourth in the event's 109-year history — and it was Wiggins who did just that three years ago.
He comes across as the ideal sporting personality — mainly because he actually has one — and even boasts a passion for mod culture. Under that cycling helmet is the quintessential haircut inspired by the Modfather himself, former Jam frontman Paul Weller — Wiggins' idol.
Weller wished the cyclist luck this week. That's probably given him the added impetus to finish first.
Wiggins is also a talented self-taught guitarist and self-confessed music freak whose favourite bands are The Jam, Oasis, The Who and Small Faces — the soundtrack to my uni days and some of my favourite bands too.
What I don't share with Wiggins is a collection of classic scooters. He reportedly has a fine assortment of vintage Lambrettas and Vespas.
If they ever remake Quadrophenia Bradley will surely be at the front of the peloton with those credentials.
I can see it now — a racing bike resplendent with chrome mirrors and Wiggins coasting around Brighton chanting "We Are the Mods!"
Maybe not. It isn't his style. Talking of which, he's bought into mod culture wholesale by collaborating with mod-favoured label Fred Perry to co-design a range of cyclewear.
But he's not all style over substance. The 14th stage of the Tour was hit by saboteurs this week, who threw tacks onto the road (I thought that only happened in The Beano) and 30 riders suffered punctures.
Wiggins, leading at the time, slowed the pace to allow the defending champ to return to the group.
The French media have been so enamoured with his sporting display that they've taken to calling him "Le Gentleman" and greet him with shouts of "allez Wiggo!" as he hurtles past.
Actually, it probably has more to do with the fact that he speaks fluent French and is articulate — not to mention the fact he's technically not British, since he was born in Belgium.
But don't tell them. Anyway, if he wins he's definitely British, right? Like Andy Murray.
Loads of British cycling fans have overlooked that point as they race to Paris this weekend hoping to see a Brit win.
Travel companies reported a rise in searches and bookings for the French capital.
A Eurostar spokesman said services to Paris this weekend were likely to be very busy and that "sporting success is clearly at the top of people's agenda".
With the Olympics round the corner, here's hoping Wiggins can do it for Team GB.
I wonder if he has a copy of Kraftwerk's Tour de France?


text:
bajba Model
Courtney WongPhotographer Female London, England, United Kingdom
My Website: http://www.courtneywong.comMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/courtneyw
Mayhem # 1915816
About MeI graduated from the Alberta College of Art and Design in 2012 with a Bachelor of Design in Photography. I was the recipient of the Board of Governor's Award in Artistic Achievement in Photography for 2012 and I have worked extensively with magazines such as Conglomerate, Freq, City Style and Living and more recently Dazed & Confused and AnOther Magazine.
My work is experimental, often mixing mediums and techniques, and is conceptually driven.
I currently live and work in London, England as an Associate Photographic Producer for AnOther Magazine.
If you're interested in working together please contact me via private message for schedule dates.
Check out the latest and greatest on my website www.courtneywong.com
Have you worked with Courtney Wong? Add Credits for Courtney Wong! >>
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Full-Service Law Firm in Arkansas
Jack & Holly Martin & Associates, Attorneys at Law, P.A.
2706 American Drive
Springdale, Arkansas 72764
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(479) 756-9222 or(800) 864-0618
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When facing difficult times, you should have lawyers you can rely on for experienced legal services at competitive rates.
Areas of Law
Family Law
Motor Vehicles (continue)


text:
There once was a man named Michael Finnegan.
He had whiskers on his chin-again.
They grew out and then grew in again.
Poor old Michael Finnegan-again.
I was playing in the river with Gooseberry Chicken-legs. Others were doing their laundry ahead of us. Suddenly, a shirt drifted down the stream and got caught on Goose's hook-nose and she died.
That's when I met Anin and we started our adventures!
It all began when I was in the park listening to the Flapjack theme song. Anin came up to me and punched my face and stole my iPod. I ran after her and threw a large, flat stone at her head, which made her fall down, and I grabbed my iPod back and laughed.
Anin sat up rubbing her head and looked at the stone. It was directions on where to find the Holy Grail. We decided to find it together!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
So that's going to be described in chapters to come.
The end.
Of this chapter.
Dun dun duuuuun!


text:
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Home > Product Categories > Pro-Video > Video Switchers > DVI Switchers > DS-21RA
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- Alamat Kantor
- 8 Floor Multinational Bancorporation Centre, Makati, Philippines
- Industri
- Telecommunications
Nera Phils. Inc is a subsidiary of Nera Telecommunicaions Inc. of Singapore, a publicly-listed company in the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) and 50.5% owned by Eltek of Norway who in turn owns 100% of Nera Networks in Norway. The Nera Telecom-munications Group is headquartered in Singapore with subsidiaries and representative offices in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, India, China and Australia. Nera Telecommunications Group is in the business of providing technology solutions in the public Telecommunications sector, Government, Utilities and Education, Financial and Retail sector, Media and Broadcasting and the Enterprise. The company provides systems and solutions in Microwave Transmission systems, Satellite, Networking, Point of Sales, Digital Broadcasting, IPTV, Optical Networking and Wireless Broadband systems. Nera Networks on the other hand is our sole principal manufacturer for our Microwave Radio solutions and has factories in Bergen, Norway and in Slovakia with sub-manufacturers in Europe and Asia . It has representative offices in around 40 countries spread over North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Asia. As a group we are prepared to face huge and exciting challenges ahead at our home countries and abroad in the years to come and we are ready and able to give our utmost to provide customer satisfaction every step of the way."
Pencari kerja yang melamar ke NERA PHILIPPINES INC Indonesia juga melamar ke
Perusahaan-perusahaan berkualitas sedang merekrut di Kalibrr Ke Beranda
Perusahaan-perusahaan berkualitas sedang merekrut di KalibrrKe Beranda


text:
Game Credits
|StarFlyers: Alien Space Chase (2002)
|(Ink & Paint Artists)
|StarFlyers: Royal Jewel Rescue (2002)
|(Ink & Paint Artists)
|ClueFinders: Mystery Mansion Arcade (2000)
|(Ink & Paint Artist)
|Who Shot Johnny Rock? (1994)
|Scooby-Doo!: Phantom of the Knight (2001)
|(Special Thanks)
|Scooby-Doo!: Show Down in Ghost Town (2000)
|(Special Thanks)
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text:
An interesting concept, for sure.
With the bottom of the safe visible under the bed skirts, I'm not so sure it'll be a real secret. Also, I would think they could've come up with a better hinge system (internal rather than external).
This is a discussion on Full Bed Safe for your Weapons - this is FYI within the Home (And Away From Home) Defense Discussion forums, part of the Related Topics category; I am not in any way involved in profit from or the sale of this. Just thought it was interesting. However, I do like my ...
I am not in any way involved in profit from or the sale of this. Just thought it was interesting.
However, I do like my box springs in that this looks a bit more rigid.
Drift off to sleep by counting the 105 guns stashed in your bed (well, under your bed)
......The BedBunker is a gun safe that replaces your bed's box spring, providing a place that's close at hand to store your arsenal.
Don't worry that you might have more guns than you could fit inside your bed, because the BedBunker actually has room for 35 rifles and 70 handguns. To access all that firepower, you simply slide the mattress over, and unlock the steel doors, all of which can be done in less than 10 seconds.
One potential problem is that the BedBunker weighs a crushing 1,300 pounds empty, so you had better make sure that your floor is properly reinforced if you don't live in a single floor ranch.
YES - 1,300 pounds. Heck, my Rhino Safe only weighs 1,050, but it is bolted to the concrete floor
Pictures and article here:
Drift off to sleep by counting the 105 guns stashed in your bed | DVICE
Socialism Kills! Time proven, with a very large body count! We are a Constitutional Republic....... not a Democracy, get it correct!
Don't be mistaken for a Gecko45: http://lonelymachines.org/mall-ninjas/
ANGLICO Images
An interesting concept, for sure.
With the bottom of the safe visible under the bed skirts, I'm not so sure it'll be a real secret. Also, I would think they could've come up with a better hinge system (internal rather than external).
"Historical examination of the right to bear arms, from English antecedents to the drafting of the Second Amendment, bears proof that the right to bear arms has consistently been, and should still be, construed as an individual right." -- U.S. District Judge Sam Cummings, Re: U.S. vs Emerson (1999)
I want one... And the Cal King mattress to go with it.
"Gun control should mean hitting your target every time."
Please try to remember- I have a very dry sense of humor. It usually sounds mean, but isn't meant to be.
I saw this product being made fun of on the Colbert Report last night.
I'd rather have a regular safe which is probably and more resistant to fire and breakins.
Get up to answer natures call, you would never forget stubbing you toe on that.
Its gonna be hard to slide my mattress over with Mrs Yoda on the other side. I am beginning my search for a safe because in the not to distant future I expect there could be little ones around (not mine, grand kids). I already have a full size fire resistant gun safe and just need a place for secure but rapid access.
Yoda, I am, yes.
It's an interesting concept, but need some improvements. Top should be completely flush to aid in sliding the mattress off (internal hinges). Two key locks? Who's going to be able to find a (hidden) key, possibly remove a spouse, slide off a mattress, and unlock two key locks in the dark? It needs to be an eletronic keypad lock, again, flush to the surface.
How about a wardog safe? Not my cup of tea, but way easier to access the goodies. Just keep in mind about fire protection also.
I want, what they want, and every other guy who came over here and spilled his guts and gave everything he had, wants! For our country to love us as much as we love it! That's what I want!
- Rambo, John J.
Yea but will my knees bottom out when getting wild ?
It would be better to have side access doors/rollout drawers with biometric fingerprint locks. Neat concept, though.
May be for the guns I would keep in a safe anyway but not for my EDC or ED guns! Forget getting the mrs off; there is way to much time required to move the mattress!!


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Seikou Lose A Virgin
seikou lose a virgin for the first term,,,,the name of the anime/hentai
Soo wet
ive seen this hentai before on fakku. it was really hilarious. it sucks cause i still cant find the original title of this hentai. :( still looking and waiting for someone who can identify this hentai!
What is the name of this hengai?
yeah what is the name of the hentai pls ?
i was too busy laughing at the cum sounds to finger myself
Whats the name of this hentai? For research purposes
2:45 69% Sexy brunette schoolgirl loses her virginity
4:15 66% She loses her virginity under the raindrops
28:35 64% Petite schoolgirl abused and lost her virginity in rape
2:45 81% Schoolgirl slut jumps on massive hard cock like a real slut
3:41 52% Tiny petite hentai cutie gets fucked like a real slut
3:14 85% Awesome young schoolgirl fucks like a real slut
4:02 63% Bondaged brunette schoolgirl looses her virginity
11:51 67% Petite cartoon gal swallows huge cock like a real pro!
2:35 50% Busty nurse gets gangbanged like a real slut
29:12 50% This handsome reporter babe is a real slut!
28:40 80% This innocent looking babe is a real dirty slut
2:54 80% These innocent-looking busty teen is a real sexy slut!


text:
Rubber Man ´2011
Watch in HD
- 0
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- Writers: Brad Falchuk, Ryan Murphy
- Stars: Angela Bassett , Denis O'Hare , Emma Roberts , Evan Peters , Frances Conroy , Jessica Lange , Kathy Bates , Lily Rabe , Sarah Paulson
Hayden has a plan drive Vivien crazy so she and Nora Montgomery can each keep one of the twins Vivien is expecting. After getting information from Moira, Vivien tries to flee with Violet. Worried about her safety, she steals Marcy's gun but shoots someone by mistake. Ben feels he has no choice but to commit her to an institution for evaluation. The origin of the rubber suit is revealed as is the identity of the man who wore it to make love to Vivien and to kill Patrick and Chad. Ben learns that Violet hasn't been to school for two weeks. She says she just doesn't like it there. Hayden has an encounter with Constance's boyfriend Travis. Ben begins to understand what is going on.
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Likes: pillaging, axes, swords and drinking cups made of horns/skulls.
Realtalk: Lately I have tried improving my life by quitting smoking, starting exercising and stuff like that. I've passed 30 and it terrifies me.
I choose my friends from all layers. Christians, pagans, geeks,
nerds and drunkards. I can be quick to judge, but I'll give most anybody a fair chance.
Even though my name here have weed in it, I'm not a pothead, sandweed is actually an English variation on my real last name, that I've adopted for internet use.
This was not what I thought I would be doing when I started Electrician school, but that's life.
I'm good at finding obscure bands that my friends get really into even though I never liked their second album that much.
When I'm feeling down I'm really good at writing terrible terrible poetry. I'm talking Vogon level of terrible here. Luckily I am also exceptionally good at recognizing terrible poetry.
I love The Big Lebowski above all other movies.
I watch a lot of series. Luther, South Park, Community, Breaking Bad, The Newsroom, Game of Thrones are but a few.
I listen to Podcasts a lot, it's like radio but better. Favorites include: Chapo Trap House, My Favorite Murder, Walking the Room, Idle Thumbs, Welcome To Night Vale, The Dollop, The Bugle, MBMBAM and The Comedy Button.
When it comes to music I am currently juggling a lot of musical genres and I don't really know what type of music person to define myself as. So I'm just gonna name a few bands that are on my Spotify favorites playlist right now. Kyuss, Deftones, Massive Attack, As I Lay Dying, Datarock, Dog Fashion Disco, Gåte, Bernhoft, Mindless Self Indulgence, Kaizers Orchestra, In Flames, Otep, DevilDriver, Floggin Molly, Slayer, Jamiroquai, Hatebreed, A Perfect Circle, Yoga Fire, Seigmen, Infected Mushroom, Vast and Tool. I will admit that I prefer music with guitars in it, and good vocals. I am constantly checking out new music, Spotify is awesome for this, thanks Sweden!
I don't hate dubstep, I know I should but I don't.
My phone, do you remember how we went to the toilet before smartphones?
Stories, I enjoy experiencing different worlds, either through books, games or movies.
Blood, it transports oxygen to my brain and I probably need that to live.


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What is this service?
The MICHR Clinical Trials Office (MCTO) supports U-M investigators and their study teams with the pre-award phase of clinical trials. Staffed with an experienced multidisciplinary team, the MCTO assists clinical research teams through the legal, financial, and regulatory phases of study start-up. Specifically, in close partnership with the study team, the MCTO will:
- Complete and track the confidentiality agreement (CDA)
- Complete the clinical trial routing form (CTRF)/proposal approval form (PAF)
- Create, negotiate, and finalize clinical trial budgets and billing calendars
- Complete initial IRB application and coordinate the review process for projects using either a central or the local IRB. This includes creating and negotiating language used in trial consent/assent forms and creating the required study billing calendar
- Facilitate approval of contract
Who can use this service?
These services are available to all study teams.
When should I contact MICHR about this service?
We encourage study teams to contact us early in the start-up of the project.
How much does this service cost?
All services are provided at a flat rate per project, with the exception of billing calendars (hourly charge). These costs can be negotiated as part of the start-up costs covered by the sponsor.


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Middle schoolers investigate careers during summer program
Ventura County middle school students wearing yellow paper isolation gowns hunched over piles of black powder they were using to lift fingerprints at Ventura College.
The students were among about 100 who signed up for the free summer Career Institute for Middle School Students to investigate careers in criminal justice, business, robotics and drafting and architecture.
According to Celine Park, career and education specialist at Ventura College, the summer program, which was offered this week, is funded with a grant through California Senate Bill 70, passed in 2005, which pays for technical training and education.
"The purpose is to allow middle school students to explore different pathways," Park said. "We have surveys, and we ask what they want to be when they grow up. The first day, most don't know. By the last day, the majority does."
Having a career goal can help motivate students as they select classes through high school, Park said.
"I promote these classes throughout the entire Ventura County region. We had students from all over who signed up. It's open to the community at no cost. It's rare to have these programs for middle schoolers," she said.
In the criminal justice class, the students learned the art of collecting fingerprints and making fingerprint cards the old-fashioned way, on a piece of paper. Cari Lange, Ventura College professor of anthropology and criminal justice, told students fingerprints today are usually scanned and stored digitally.
Evan Cacatian, 13, of Ventura, who will be a ninth-grader at Buena High School, said he enjoyed the class, especially the fingerprinting portion.
"I was interested in criminal justice and what careers they have to offer," he said.
In addition to learning to collect fingerprints and blood evidence, the students in the criminal justice class were introduced to two K-9s with the Ventura Police Department.
Ventura College police officer Khaliqa Wheatley put together the curriculum for the four-day class. In addition to meeting the dogs, the students were able to talk to a tactical dispatcher who coordinates a SWAT team and the 911 dispatcher.
"These kids are asking great questions. For the most part, this is the first time they've been dealing with officers in uniforms," Wheatley said.
In formulating the class, Wheatley said she has found that hands-on demonstrations are more effective ways to teach the middle school students than lectures.
Students also were to hear about probation operations and participate in a mock police obstacle course, Wheatley said.
Madeline Hoffman, 13, of Ventura, who attends Sacred Heart School, said she was impressed with the K-9 demonstration.
"It was cool. I didn't know they have them come using commands in German," Hoffman said.
Ventura College Police Chief Joel Justice said the criminal justice class was not only a great way to interact with younger members from the community, but also "can serve to recruit them later on."
In the drafting and architecture class, Ralph Fernandez, who is a Santa Paula city councilman when he's not working as an architect and teacher, said the students seemed enjoy working on computers as they learned three-dimensional architectural rendering.
"By tomorrow, they will be amazed at how advanced they are and what they're doing." Fernandez said as students continued to draw models of homes even though the class was on break.
Call Park at 289-6058 or email firstname.lastname@example.com for information about the Ventura College career training programs.


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Low Fat Chocolate Fudge Cake
Be the first to review
READY IN: 1hr
Recipe by chefina
From Woman's Weekly Everyday Cakes and Cookies. I made this into cupcakes instead of a big cake. Very tasty!
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 50 g dark chocolate
- 50 g drinking chocolate (I used Cadbury Highlights Fudge flavour drinking chocolate)
- 50 g sugar
- 125 ml boiling water
- 2 eggs (separate whites from yolk)
- 60 g plain flour
- 50 g almond meal
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
Directions See How It's Made
- Preheat oven at 180'C. Grease the cake dish or cupcake tins.
- Melt dark chocolate.
- Combine drinking chocolate, sugar, and boiling water in a large bowl. Add the melted chocolate.Stir until smooth.
- Add the egg yolks and mix well to combine.
- Fold in the almond meal and flour.
- Beat egg whites in a mixer until peaks form. Fold the whites gently into the chocolate mixture.
- Pour into cake dish or cupcake tins.
- Bake for approximately 30 minutes.
- Cool and frost with any faloour frosting that you like.


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Friday, July 20, 2012 |
This summer, the Writers & Company weekly podcast will feature some of the best shows from the show's archives. We hope you'll enjoy this opportunity to hear these programs that haven't been available as a podcast before.
Every week in July and August, CBC Books will bring you the Writers & Company podcast, an encore presentation of those great full-length conversations.
This week's Writers & Company podcast features Eleanor's 2005 conversation with Joan Didion about The Year of Magical Thinking, the memoir that would go on to be Didion's most popular book ever.
This interview originally aired on November 27, 2005.
You can listen to Writers & Company on CBC Radio One every Sunday at 3 p.m. ET and AT; 3:30 p.m. NT; 5 p.m. PT, MT and CT.
Joan Didion was born in Sacramento, California, in 1934. She studied at Berkeley, and won Vogue Magazine's Prix de Paris, which meant a job in New York City, where she wrote her first novel, Run River. It was in New York that she met the writer John Gregory Dunne. They married, moved to Los Angeles and later adopted their daughter, Quintana. In the late '80s, Didion and Dunne moved back to New York. They both worked full time as writers, and sometimes they wrote screenplays together.
Didion and Dunne's relationship evolved slowly, first as friends, then romantically. And when they finally married in 1964, they were inseparable. "We were unusually dependent on each other," Didion told Eleanor Wachtel. "We really liked being together more than we liked being with other people."
At the end of December 2003, John Gregory Dunne died of a heart attack. Five days earlier, the couple's daughter Quintana had been hospitalized. Joan Didion decided to write about this. "I wanted to figure out what happened," Didion said. But she put it off, partly because she didn't want to deal with addressing her grief and partly because she was busy taking care of Quintana, who would eventually pass away shortly before the publication of The Year of Magical Thinking. "I realized I was going a little crazy and I thought I could organize it if I wrote it down."
While personal history has always been a subject Didion wrote about, she often did so at arm's length, keeping an objective observer's eye. That's not the case with The Year of Magical Thinking.. As Didion contemplated how to address her most personal work yet, she realized that "the only way to structure it was to exactly replicate the experience."
This meant two things for the book. First, "John's death would be repeated over and over again, each time from a slightly different angle and each time with different details" because Didion wanted to replicate "that obsessive replaying of what happened you go through." Second, Didion knew the book had to be "as immediate and raw as possible" and chose to complete the book within a year of Dunne's death in order to accomplish that.
Her grief was overwhelming, especially because his death was sudden and unexpected. "I think everybody lives their lives and certainly their marriages as if they have plenty of time," she commented. The book was her way of extending their relationship,and keeping Dunne in her life. When Didion came to the end of writing the book, she didn't want to finish. "The length of time I was writing the book, I was having a one-sided dialogue with John, but I was at least talking to him."
Related links:


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Interscholastic Athletic Program
In the News
CREC AAE's Marquis Hawkins named as Honorable Mention to the Fab 15 All-Courant Boys Basketball Team, courant.com
The 2016-17 CHSCA All-State Boys Basketball Teams, gametimect.com
High School Baseball: Area Team Preview Capsules, courant.com
High School Softball: Area Team Previews, courant.com
High School Track: Area Boys, Girls Preview Capsules, courant.com
Football: CREC hires Bloomfield assistant, former UConn standout Moe Lloyd as next coach, gametimect.com
Boys basketball: Westbrook tops Aerospace to reach first Class S state final, gametimect.com
Boys basketball: Aerospace continues dream run, tops Creed to advance to Class S semifinals, gametimect.com
Congratulations to Angel Dejesus from Aerospace for being named to the Hartford Courant Fab 15 for last week!
Congratulations to Public Safety's Earl Waite and MLC's Gezani Artis on being named to the Hartford Courant's Fab 15.
Congratulations to MLC's Celine Hardie on being named to the Hartford Courant Fab 15.
UConn Men's Insider: Three Former Huskies Make Own Way As High School Coaches
Congratulations to Two Rivers girls basketball player, Christina Nazario-Fernandez, for being named to the Hartford Courant Fab 15.
Congratulations to MLC's Gezani Artis and Two Rivers' Nashon Williamson on being named to the Hartford Courant Fab 15 earlier this week!
Bailee Nardi, Academy of Science and Innovation, was named to the Courant.com Girls Basketball Fabulous 15 this week with 16 rebounds and 14 points in a 44-37 win over Ellis Tech.
Gezani Artis, MLC, who had 24 points in a 68-62 overtime loss to Public Safety Academy was named again to this week's Courant.com Boys Basketball Fabulous 15.
Sydney Rochette from Academy of Aerospace and Egineering, is named again in this week's Hartford Courant Girls High School Basketball Fabulous 1.
Congratulations to Sydney Rochette from Aerospace and Gezani Artis from MLC for being named to the Hartford Courant Fab 15 this week. (Hartford Courant, January 9, 2017)
The Hartford Courant published a story about CREC's All-State athletes, a photo of CREC Academy of Science and Innovation student-athletes helping at their local library, and a photo of a recent sports clinic led by student-athletes at CREC's Public Safety Academy (Hartford Courant, December 2016)
Innovation girls soccer player Victoria Piechota becomes school's first all-state athlete (New Britain Herald, December 3, 2016)
Nutmeg Report All City Team (nutmegreport.wordpress.com, November 26, 2016)
CREC's Manny Sanchez Voted FNF Athlete of the Week for Week 11 (WFSB.com, November 25, 2016)
Canton can't maintain lead in loss to CREC co-op (Collinsville Press, November 19, 2016)
Innovation girls volleyball falls in CRAL finals to HMTCA, misses chance for first ever conference championship (New Britain Herald, November 3, 2016)
Innovation, aka Med-Ed Prep girls soccer defeated in CRAL semifinals (New Britain Herald, October 31, 2016)
New Britain Herald Athletes of the Week are Berlin's Noah Silverman and Med-Ed Prep's Kelsey Walicki (New Britain Herald, October 31, 2016)
CREC and CCMC Team Up to Help Student-Athletes Prevent Injury (Hartford Courant, October 25, 2015)
High School Girls Soccer: PSA/AAE Vs. MLC (Hartford Courant Online Photo Gallery, October 24, 2016)
FOOTBALL: Lyman Hall overcomes off-field issues and lands first win (MyRecordJournal.com, October 22, 2016
Med-Ed Prep girls soccer uses big second half to get win over MLC (New Britain Herald, October 12, 2016)
Windsor-Based Scholastic Runners Turn In Strong Performances at Wickham Invitational (Windsor Patch, October 9, 2016)
Sports Roundup: Med-Ed Prep girls soccer keeps on rolling (New Britain Herald, October 3, 2016)
New Britain Herald Athletes of the Week are Med-Ed Prep's Victoria Piechota and Berlin's Mitch Mazlowski (New Britain Herald, October 3, 2016)
Visit the News Archive for past stories
CREC Athletics Update
Following is a list of sports which are planned to be offered during the 2016-17 school year at the high school and middle school levels, pending participation interest.
2016-17 Sport Offerings
|High School
|Middle School
(September - November)
Cross Country
Cross Country
Boys Soccer
Girls Soccer
Girls Volleyball
(December - March)
|Boys Basketball
Girls Basketball
Indoor Track
|Boys Basketball
Girls Basketball
Indoor Track
(March - June)
Track and Field
Track and Field
School announcements will be made prior to the end of the school year and before each season informing students and parents of the procedure for students to sign up for a particular sport.


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|114.33 / 147.55
|Avg Volume
|Prev Close
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|128.77 / 131.49
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|114.33 / 147.55
|Avg Volume
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|P/E Ratio
|Div & Yield
Consider how paltry the number of stocks making new highs has been.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) (the "Company" or "Concho") today reported financial and operating results for the first quarter of 2017.
Investors seem to be struggling with where to place their bets as U.S. producers kick back into gear, but analysts have mapped out a few to keep an eye on.
Here are Thursday's top research calls, including new buy ratings for Concho Resources, Devon Energy, Six Flags and Marathon Oil.
There are several others who could also reap benefits.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) (the "Company" or "Concho") will host a conference call on Thursday, May 4, 2017, at 8:00 AM CT (9:00 AM ET) to discuss first quarter 2017 financial and operating results.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) ("Concho" or the "Company") today announced that Susan Helms has been appointed to the Company's Board of Directors.
The most recent short interest data has been released for the 03/15/2017 settlement date, and we here at Dividend Channel like to sift through this fresh data and order the underlying components of the S&P 500 by "days to cover." There are a number of ways to look at short data, for example the total number of shares short; but one metric that we find particularly useful is the "days to cover" metric because it considers both the total shares short and the average daily volume of shares typically traded. The number of shares short is then compared to the average daily volume, in order to calculate the total number of trading days it would take to close out all of the open short positions if every share traded represented a short position being closed.
The long-term prospects for Permian drillers are why we've favored Cimarex, Anadarko, Concho and Centennial Resources.
In a study of analyst recommendations at the major brokerages, for the underlying components of the S&P 500, Concho Resources Inc has taken over the #45 spot from Mohawk Industries, Inc. , according to ETF Channel.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) (the "Company" or "Concho") today reported financial and operating results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2016.
In the last two years, with U.S. production dropping close to a million barrels, there was an increasing profile of production from only one shale play -- the Permian.
As leaders in the United States and Canada announce plans to team up on promoting women in business, corporate America's performance in gender diversity remains a mixed bag.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) ("Concho" or the "Company") today announced that the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as it applies to the previously announced sale of the...
Fragrance and cosmetics company Coty will soon be adding a woman to its board of directors, reducing the number of S&P 500 companies without women in the boardroom to four.
Women occupy just one out of five board seats at S&P 500 companies.
Shares of the pipeline company rose by nearly 8% in January.
The buyer plans to pay for the deal with equity offerings and asset sales.
Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) ("Concho" or the "Company") and Frontier Midstream Solutions, LLC ("Frontier") today announced that they have entered into separate agreements to sell 100% of their respective ownership...
Investors seeking less volatility can reap better returns in 2017 by allocating funds in sectors such as technology, biotech, energy and financials, which should generate above average performance.
ExxonMobil and Noble Energy announced plans to build their respective Permian Basin portfolio, buys that 'continue to move the needle,' says Cramer.
Noble Energy's deal for Clayton Williams and Exxon Mobil's purchase of Permian acreage is pushing prices in the sector higher.
Investors can still obtain good returns from master limited partnerships, since many of them are still offering attractive dividend yields.
The energy giant soared 132% in 2016, and 2017 looks promising as well.
NVIDIA, NXP Semi and Applied Materials could all continue their big runs this year.
Gobbling up privately held acreage may continue to be a major priority for strategics in 2017, but so too will asset sales and equity raises as low leverage remains vital.


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Posts tagged with Online Fraud
Five tips for using behavioural analytics to combat fraud
When we tell businesses that getting to know their customers is vital, it's not just so that they can provide the best possible customer experience for them.
Getting to know your customers is most crucial when it comes to helping businesses identify enemies disguised as customers.
Fraud is becoming increasingly widespread since the dawn of ecommerce and as it becomes more and more sophisticated, we need greater visibility to fight malicious activity on our websites.
Online retailers saw an increase in fraud last year
The UK's online retailers experienced a rise in the number of bad orders last year, with an average of 1.9% of orders turning out to be fraudulent.
This is the headline finding from Cybersource's UK Online Fraud Report, which surveyed 200 etailers about the incidence of fraud and the challenges of fraud management.
I've been asking the report's co-author Dr Akif Khan about the issues facing the UK's online retailers as they attempt to combat fraud.
Online retailers see fraud as a major threat - report
57% of merchants see online fraud as the greatest threat to their business, while they expect to lose an average of 1.8% of their income to fraud.
This is one of the findings from Cybersource's 2010 UK Online Fraud Report, which surveys consumers and retailers about how fraud affects their business and shopping habits.
Online retailers afraid of payment fraud: survey
Two-thirds of online retailers say they feel threatened by payment fraud, something which threatens to hold back e-commerce growth in the UK.
The stats come from payment provider Sagepay, which surveyed 1,000 retailers, also revealed a lack of awareness of what they need to do to meet the industry standards (PCI DSS) on payment security.
Can a new credit card defeat online card fraud?
Make no doubt about it: the criminals are winning the war when it comes to online fraud. This is one fight that isn't even close.
From credit cards to identities, theft and fraud on the internet has been a boon to criminals of all shapes and sizes.
One in three web users afraid of shopping online
Lack of trust and security concerns are still holding people back from shopping online, though consumer confidence has grown significantly over the last few years.
According to a consumer survey (pdf) carried out by the Office of Fair Trading, nearly one in three are put off from shopping online. For 30%, lack of trust was the biggest reason, followed by concerns over personal security (20%) while 15% said they did not trust companies that sell online.
What if customers don't want to give card details online?
While online shopping is safe for the vast majority of customers, there are still some people who are so concerned about fraud that they are reluctant to enter their card details on an e-commerce site.
According to a Get Safe Online survey (pdf) from last year, 14% of people in the UK are deterred from using the internet due to fear of online crime, so what can e-tailers do to combat such concerns?
CyberSource: online fraud burdening UK merchants
According to CyberSource Ltd., the UK subsidiary of electronic payment provider CyberSource Corporation, online fraud is a growing challenge for online businesses in the UK.
Although the total rate of fraud increased by 'only' 2.6%, one in 8 online merchants in the UK are now losing 5% or more of their online revenue to fraud and 37% lose at least 1%. All told, more than 40% of the merchants surveyed as part of CyberSource's 5th Annual Fraud Report saw fraud levels increase online last year.


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Web Graphic – Light Blue Border, White Inset – Blue Border with White Twitter Bird Logo
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Slaughter and May joined Dutch duo De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek and Stibbe and a host of additional firms on Philips Electronics' sale of its lifestyle entertainment business to Japanese company Funai Electric.
The €150m (£128m) deal is the latest divestment by the Dutch company in a bid to shift its global portfolio from consumer-focused business to defensive products such as lighting, healthcare and wellbeing products. A key component of the transaction is a five-year license granted by Philips to Funai for the use of the Philips brand on lifestyle entertainment products.
Philips instructed longstanding adviser De Brauw as lead counsel, with the firm's newly elected corporate partner Gaby Smeenk leading the team in Amsterdam.
About 15 other law firms were engaged to provide legal assistance and due diligence services to Philips on this complex global carve-out, which involved businesses around the world with a total annual turnover of €1bn (£860m).
De Brauw's UK best friend Slaughters, led by Hong Kong-based corporate partner Neil Hyman, advised Philips on Hong Kong law, while Anderson Mori & Tomotsune and Jun He acted as Japanese and Chinese counsel respectively. Argentinean firm Zaballa Carchio Abogados also play an important role.
The Japanese buyer, Funai, engaged Stibbe as its lead counsel. The Stibbe team was headed by Amsterdam corporate partners Björn van der Klip and and Eva Das as well as Brussels IP partner Erik Valgaeren.
Stibbe worked closely with Funai's long-serving Japanese counsel Nagashima & Hashimoto.
UK law firm Origin provided specialist IP advice to the buyer.
Apart from Stibbe, Nagashima and Origin, approximately eight other firms were also involved for local law advice, including Stibbe's former UK alliance Herbert Smith Freehills (Moscow and Singapore), Latham & Watkins (US), and King & Wood Mallesons (China and Hong Kong).
Van der Klip commented: "This is a highly complex carve-out deal from a global business. This deal also reflects the growing interest from Asian companies in European businesses. They are active in a lot of auctions, particularly in the industrial and technology sectors."
Background to this deal:
De Brauw and its UK best friend Slaughters have been involved in several previous divestments by Philips. In 2011, the two firms co-advised on Philips' transfer of its television business into a joint venture with Hong Kong-listed TPV Technology. The arrangement endowed TPV with a controlling 70 per cent state. De Brauw's Smeenk and Slaughters' Hyman were also lead partners of the respective teams.
In 2008, Slaughters' Hyman also acted for Philips on the sale of its monitors and public signage products business to TPV Technology.
It is understood the mandate was referred to Stibbe by Japan's Nagashima, as the two firms have previously worked together for Funai.


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Q.I heard you recommend an eco-friendly weed killer with chelated iron for controlling broadleaf weeds like creeping charlie and dandelions in the lawn. I could only find a nutritional spray, not an herbicide containing chelated iron. Will this work?
A. No. The concentration and formulation of the chelated iron is what turned this nutrient into a weed killer. Broadleaf weeds are more sensitive to this formulation of iron than the surrounding grass. You can spot-treat the weeds, and if any of this weed killer lands on the grass, it turns greener but does not die.
Look for Whitney Farms Lawn Weed Killer, Ecosense by Ortho or other product containing the active ingredient listed as either HEDTA or FeHEDTA iron and labeled for controlling broadleaf weeds. As always, read and follow label directions carefully.
Q.I have an overrun summer-bearing raspberry patch and need guidance on pruning.
A. This is a common issue and can be a bit overwhelming. In late winter before plants leaf out, remove older stems that bore fruit last summer (if you did not do it after harvest) and thin stems to about four canes per foot or six canes per hill if grown in hill system.
Prune canes you remove to ground level. You can, but don't have to, remove side canes and shorten long shoots. Remove no more than one-fourth the total height. The more you shorten the plants, the smaller the harvest, as most fruit forms at 2 feet and higher on the canes.
In summer, remove the canes that bore fruit back to the ground. You can also thin the canes to four canes per foot of row or six canes per hill to increase airflow and light penetration and decrease the risk of disease.
Fall and everbearing raspberries form fruit on first year canes. You can manage these for a fall crop only by cutting the whole planting back to ground level during the dormant season. Or follow the guidelines for summer-bearing raspberries if you want your everbearing raspberries to produce both summer and fall crops.
Q.I have an African violet that has many white spots on it. I tried putting rubbing alcohol on the spots and sprayed it with insecticidal soap, but neither one did the trick. Is there anything else I could try before I get rid of the plant?
A. Avoid cold water on the leaves. It can cause spotting and leaf damage that can't be rubbed off. Use lukewarm water or water plants from the bottom to avoid damage. Powdery mildew and mealybugs are also common problems on African violets. The mildew looks as if someone sprinkled baby powder on the leaves.
Improve air circulation and light reaching the plant to reduce problems with this fungal disease. Fungicides labeled for African violets and powdery mildew can be used if changing the growing conditions doesn't work.
Mealybugs look like a bit of cotton on the plant. Touching each mealybug with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol will dissolve the covering and kill the insect below. Repeat applications will be needed.
Q. In past years you mentioned that spreading Milorganite was for fall, just before the snow flies. Is that still the best time?
A. Fall, between Halloween and Thanksgiving before the ground freezes, is the best time to fertilize if you're going low-maintenance and only one application. Increase your efforts and lawn's appearance by fertilizing Memorial Day, Labor Day and fall between Halloween and Thanksgiving before the ground freezes.
Q.I will be planting mainly herbs in new waist-high wooden planters which are 9 ½ inches deep. I will add Styrofoam "peanuts" and mesh to keep the soil above the peanuts. How deep should the soil be?
A. The deeper the soil, the less often you need to water. I would skip the false bottom (packing peanuts) and fill the whole planter with a potting mix. Your plants will do better. Check your planter daily and water thoroughly as needed. If this isn't possible, maintain at least 6 inches of soil.
Email questions to Melinda Myers through her website or write her at P.O. Box 370331, Milwaukee, WI 53237-0331.


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Feel Better with Insoles for Heel Pain
There is nothing worse than feeling pain in your feet. The odds are pretty good that you are on your feet all day long at home, at work, in the stores or out at social functions. It seems like you never get off your feet until you go to bed and by then you have spent so many hours in your heels and shoes that your feet are constantly uncomfortable. You wish you could get some relief from the pain you are feeling each day so that you are able to wear your shoes and move around and be more comfortable. One thing you can do to help yourself feel better is to start using insoles for foot pain.
Dealing with Pain the Right Way
The problem that exists with many of the insoles sold today is that they do not provide you with the support and relief you need in the right places on your feet. This is particularly true if you are wearing heels all day long. When you wear heels you want support in the balls of your feet to help relieve the pain you might feel from the heels and the way they hold your feet. Many of the insoles are not designed to be worn with the different high heels women wear so that they do not contour to the shoe properly to give you the support and relief you need most. You want to find insoles that are designed specifically with heels in mind.
Finding the Right Fit
Another problem you may encounter with insoles for heel pain is that they are not designed to look nice or fit nicely into certain heels. For high heels that may be lower on the ankle or be open-toed, inserts are not going to look right or feel right. Many are simply pieces of foam or silicone inserts that will look very awkward in your heels. You want something that has a much better design so that it can actually match your shoes well and is designed to fit into your style of shoes the right way.
With inserts that look great and feel great to you, you will feel much better with insoles for heel pain. Where can you get something just like this? Head over to Red Carpet Paris at www.redcarpet-paris.com so you can see the diverse collection of sizes and colors of specially designed insoles made to give you the comfort and style you want.SaveSaveSaveSaveSave