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Saranda (SR) Backpackers
Best location in Saranda! 50 meters from FerryCorfu , FREE breakfast, FREE WIFI, Beach BBQ, promenade with bars, restaurants, buses to Butrinti ruins and Ksamili islands and beaches , farmers market,... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hairy Lemon
If Heaven were a hostel, Sarandas Hairy Lemon Hostel would be it!
Our accommodation is set in a modern apartment building with a view to kill :) And should you need to cool off, we're just 20 metr... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Dolphin Hostel
Welcome to Saranda City, Dolphin Hostel. The Pearl of Albania, great destination for the young travelers. We have a beautiful villa with an amazing location, very central and close to the beach. Uniqu... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Dream Hotel Saranda
Dream Hotel Saranda Set right on the private beach front in Saranda. 24 hour reception with Free Wi-Fi - provided onsite.
Our town surrounds its bay and extends up toward the mountain,The five mai... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Bunkies Hostel
Bunkies is an intimate, social, home-style hostel that is located on the famous Saranda promenade, overlooking the beautiful Corfu islands. we are situated in the most lively and vibrant part of the c... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Sunrays
We would like to happily welcome you to the Sunrays Hotel. Hotel Sunrays is proud to serve their value guest with a simple room furniture and holidays facilities! The hotel is brand new and very moder... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Mano
Hotel Mano is well located and all rooms are equipment with air conditioner, TV plasma, and balcony. It is ideal for visitors searching for the charming combination of tranquility and convenience.
... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Bahamas Resort
Hotel Bahamas is positioned in one of the most beautiful touristic areas of Saranda, where you will find everything you might need for relaxing holidays by the sea.
Hotel Bahamas with variety ambianc... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Piccolino
Hotel Piccolino offers its accommodation in Saranda! All of the guest that choose Hotel Piccolino will enjoy it and will have an unforgettable stay, all guest will have rooms with balcony that overloo... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Tani's Bar & Guesthouse
Tani `s er en vennlig lokal bar og gjestehus med flytende engelsk snakkes i kystlandsbyen Ksamil, 20 min kjøring sør for Saranda og to minutters gange fra stranden og øyene, flott... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Beni Hostel Saranda
Very nice hostel, located in the best part of the town. We have a whole view of the town, the sea, the mountains, surrounded by nature. You will be welcomed by the owner Beni, he will help you for eve... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Joy Hotel
Joy Hotel offers accommodation in Sarande. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar. Joy Hotel features free Wi-Fi. You will find a hairdresser's at the property.
It is centrally hotel and close to Sarand... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Lili
Hotel Lili is a 8 room hotel located very close to city center in the third road called Adem Sheme.
The location is perfect because is in center and very close to Saranda port which make easy for... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Keos
Hotel Keos is a new hotel located just 300 meters far from Mango beach which is the most popular beach side where guest can relax.
The hotel is new just constructed this year and the location is p... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Iliria
We are 15 years old hotel and we provide the best service and this year we made a renovation and we be 38 high class furnished rooms, we are just 500 meters from Saranda city center and few steps from... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Rixhi
Hotel Rixhi offers rooms close to the beach. The hotel have bar and restaurant ion first floor with small garden, the hotel have safe parking.
The hotel is on the way of Butrinti and about 1 km far... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Maestral
Hotel Maestral is located in the best area in Sarande where the guest will enjoy the superb overview from the Balcony!
We are very proud for the location we have as our hotel is in beach front and... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Lengu Holidays Home
Lengu Holidays Home is about 1 km far from city center and 20 meter from Bougaville beach which is the most famous beach with swimming pool. Free Wi-Fi is offered and free private parking is available... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Vila Alvin
Vila Alvin is 1 km far from city center and offer 10 rooms with balcony and kitchen, we are very close to the beach where the guest also can see the from the balcony the saranda sea. We are proud for... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Apollon Hotel
Benefiting from a private beach with free sun loungers and parasols, Hotel Apollon offers air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi, sea-view balcony and satellite TV.
Free private parking is provided,... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Mucobega Hotel
Mucobega Hotel is a four star hotel located in one of the most beautiful bays of Saranda. Located in a very tranquil place, it is the ideal place for relaxing. Hotel offers a bar, a beach bar, a resta... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Mediterrane
Hotel Mediterrane is the biggest hotel in Saranda with 65 modern room where can be accommodated around 180 guest. At the hotel area the guest will find pool, 2 restaurant with different food specialti... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Lukova Palace
Palace Hotel is a four star hotel located in Lukova, a small town near Sarande. Hotel is located on the hill, facing the sea. Hotel offers garden with a summer bar and a swimming pool.
Hotel is lo... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Villa Doka
Our Villa is well located in the most popular area of Saranda called Kanali Cukes where travelers have a lot possibility to enjoy the stay in the relaxed area. We are very proud to bookable as we offe... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Guesthouse Gjika
Guesthouse Gjikal is a family-run accommodation with a amzing view from the city of Saranda and Corfu(Greece).We are fully committed and focused on you, your family, friends, and on having a great ser... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
Hotel Blue Sky
We offer you amazing sightseeing from Jonian sea and island of Corfu. Imagine yourself relaxing in your room while you enjoy the sunshine reflection on the crystal water of Jonian sea.
Our hotel, fu... Mer...
- Pris Romtype
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I've been back in Los Angeles for less than a week and it's a been a hard week for the US, and for the world, a terrible week. Blood and guns, all that is wrong with this country. Despite this, and between jet lag and the exhausted relief of return (however transient), at the personal level, I'm ok. It's strange to speak as if carefully parsing happiness—personal versus 'for the world' — but it's how I'm learning sanity these days.
June was a struggle and a mistake and it passed slowly, with the single-mindedness of people waiting to be let out of a claustrophobic train compartment. It was our fourth month in India. We were still in waiting and tired of living the nomadic life so we accidentally moved out of hotels/bnbs and rented an apartment. By accidentally, I mean sleepwalked into this decision because conservative middle-class upbringing advises you to 'settle'; ghost voices in our head saying 'give your daughter a home'. Except you can't settle when you're not meant to. A few days after signing the deal, we learned we needed to come back to LA. There was no point making this home because things were still too uncertain.
The dilemma of an unfurnished apartment. The dilemma of waste. How much to buy without guilt. How much space may be left empty before it begins to gape at you. I'm a home body: I spend most hours inside a house, fixing, cleaning, making, writing. A halfway house is not my thing. There is no romance in half-furnished apartments where you stare at plants, knowing they will die when you leave.
So the place we rented, this temporary home: Gundecha Symphony, a complex with three towers painted in a color between nude, mud and pink. Outside, a vast construction site preparing for a flyover. Traffic jams at the crossing. A cacophony of honking until late at night. Grey half-constructed buildings stretching to the hills in the distance. It's part of Mumbai's fresh redevelopment phase which seems to have engulfed most of the northern suburbs. Builders are buying up the older, low-built apartment blocks and erecting towers where they stood. The new towers are ostensibly posh, which is to say decent bathroom fittings but they have dubious water supply and outside the windows, nothing but other grey windows. Because they're so tall, you can't see the few trees that exist at road level and there aren't too many in any case. Every available land area inside the complex is paved with concrete. A garden is contained in one area in the luckier complexes. Heaven forbid any green spills out of this containment.
Bombay was never an overwhelmingly green city and ensuring it doesn't become entirely grey-brown is going to be a challenge in the face of corporate developer greed.
Then there is this: in a city where millions live on the street, does one have the right or the breath to complain about parks?
An article about migrants and the city in the Economic and Political Weekly says "The 'purified spaces' of the 'beautified city' normalise a 'bourgeois urbanism' that informalises labour, legiti- mises the downward spiral of wages, sharpens socioeconomic inequalities and institutionalises the displacement and social exclusion of minority groups" (Chatterjee 2014: 23) Further, "marketing the city to attract capital involves a ''hypermarketised style of governance' (Weber 2002: 520), often geared towards a cosmetic overhaul achieved through slum eviction, identify- ing 'blight' and 'purification' through greening and beautifica- tion projects" (Chatterjee 2014: 17). The direct implication of this style of governance is more and more eviction, dislocation and homelessness for the toiling masses." Read the whole thing here.
It's problematic. Yet, if one feels guilty asking for trees, the sadness of the place.
Beyond the tower, in the streets, there was the panic of watching the homeless. I seem to have lost some protective armour—the blindness we practice while on the streets in Bombay, or at least the ability to see but not feel (too much, too keenly) the lives of others. Poet CP Surendran writes:
To a thinking man, happiness is a false category. Especially if you are an Indian. You may travel in a souped-up Merc with a portable bar and a hand shower, but you are still travelling the potholed road that millions mistake for a Byzantine network of loos. No wonder that the beautiful people are partying nonstop. You stop drinking, doping and dancing for a moment, and then you find that moment is the eternity you have been trying to avoid all your life. If beautiful people stop partying, the world will turn ugly for them. Celebrate then the air-conditioned nightmare.
There are, according to one estimate, three million street children in India. Nearly 80,000 of them are on the streets of India's number one city, Bombay, where I stay. An equal number of the naked hordes wander through the dust-laden roads of Delhi, battalions of brown baby phantoms, visible to the naked eye, but dead in every respect before they are born.
Our tycoons whose success we devour in the form of self-help books (Ten Traits of Successful People, etc), our politicians whom we merrily elect to arbiter our future, and the bald and the beautiful—the 10-million-strong articulate English-Speaking Republicans of India—see the future of India go begging on a daily basis, and think of happiness. So what they do? They go get a Guru, the Mental Masseur, the bearded gent who grants you peace in the time of war. Absolution guaranteed every second Saturday. A society of Absolute Absolutionists!
We make a noise when farmers in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra commit collective suicides. That's far away and so, safe to sympathise. We are free to be outraged. Outrage adds to our happiness. It reaffirms our faith in our moral being. There are dozens of children dying of starvation on the road every day, unsung. That's urban and in our face. What shroud of self-satisfaction and spiritual claptrap serve to cover the bodies of the little dead?
Yes, this time the colour of my lens was dark. I'm sorry if it hurts some of you who love Bombay. I too love the city and feel keenly my inability to access its greater parts / joy on this trip. I also got sick. I'm sure this did not help my perception/experience.
I'm back in LA for a couple of months. That's all I know for the moment.
A poem, 'Brink' was featured at The Great Indian Poetry Collective website and is available on their poetry app. Read it here and you can download the app here and read lots of other poems.

subset: commoncrawl


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Watch how to make this recipe.
Grate 2 zucchini and reserve 2 whole for another use. Put the grated zucchini in a clean kitchen towel and squeeze well to remove the excess water.
In a large bowl combine the zucchini, baking mix, onion, eggs and garlic and season with salt and pepper, to taste. Mix well to thoroughly combine.
Heat the canola oil in a skillet over medium heat. Using a 1/4 cup measure drop about 6 to 8 portions of the zucchini mixture into the skillet. Fry on both sides until golden brown and cooked through, about 3 minutes per side. Remove from the skillet and drain on a paper lined sheet pan.
In a small bowl mix together the sour cream and parsley and season with salt and pepper, to taste. Arrange the zucchini cakes on a serving platter and serve with the sour cream.
In a large bowl combine the flour, baking powder and salt. Cut in the shortening with a pastry knife or fork until the mixture is well blended.
Recipe courtesy of Sandra Lee
Count down through our top 50 most-saved recipes, like Tyler's Chicken Parmesan.


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Pedro Santos is the CEO and co-founder of All-desk.com, a startup that provides a marketplace for professionals who wish to share and book temporary workspaces. He is also a director at Beta-i, an NGO whose mission it is to promote entrepreneurship and innovation. Santos has extensive experience in the consulting, financial services, telecom, Internet, and mobile marketing industries and has worked on international projects for a wide range of clients. Also the author of European Founders at Work, Santos is a regular public speaker on entrepreneurship and innovation. He holds an MBA from the Rotterdam School of Management (Netherlands) and a BCS from ISEL (Portugal).
European Founders at Workby Pedro Gairifo Santos
In European Founders at Work, several of the top European startup founders and venture capitalists are interviewed to explain their respective paths to building a successful company. It takes a similar approach to Venture Capitalists at Work and other books in Apress' elite At Work series but with a focus on the differences between/em>/em>/em>
In European Founders at Work, several of the top European startup founders and venture capitalists are interviewed to explain their respective paths to building a successful company. It takes a similar approach to Venture Capitalists at Work and other books in Apress' elite At Work series but with a focus on the differences between building a successful company in Europe versus the U.S.
These insightful interviews are presented in a way that will help readers understand the founders local or a global views, how they competed on the global scale, if and how they got funding and their main challenges and opportunities. The companies chosen to be interviewed are a mix of unique worldwide ventures: European-only ventures and even a few copycats of already-proven concepts. As such, it provides a balanced view on the European scene. This mix also includes companies that started in Europe and moved to the U.S., companies who went IPO in their country of origin, companies with European venture capital backing, and companies that bootstrapped their way to success.
Foreword by Saul Klein, Founder of LOVEFiLM and The Accelerator Group.
Other books in the Apress At Work Series:
- Coders at Work, Seibel, 978-1-4302-1948-4
- Venture Capitalists at Work, Shah & Shah, 978-1-4302-3837-9
- CIOs at Work, Yourdon, 978-1-4302-3554-5
- CTOs at Work, Donaldson, Seigel, & Donaldson, 978-1-4302-3593-4
- Founders at Work, Livingston, 978-1-4302-1078-8
- Women Leaders at Work, Ghaffari, 978-1-4302-3729-7
- Advertisers at Work, Tuten, 978-1-4302-3828-7
- Gamers at Work, Ramsay. 978-1-4302-3351-0
- Learn from the experiences of successful startups and Europe's leading venture capitalists
- Learn how to succeed in building an European-based venture based venture
- Gain an understanding of European entrepreneurs' world views
- The main differences in mentality, difficulties and opportunities between the U.S. and Europe in starting and running an organization
- Regional differences and strategies that come from the unique European business climate
- Startup enthusiasts, from potential founders to experienced entrepreneurs and investors
- People interested in the thoughts of leaders who have succeeded in creating successful companies and how they did it
- Managers who might be interested in opening European markets or expanding their company in these markets
Chapter 1:..... Jos White, Notion Capital, Founding Partner 1
Chapter 2:..... Barton, Inghelbrecht, Mukherjee, and Wang, Shazam.. 15
Chapter 3:..... Lars Hinrichs, XING. 41
Chapter 4:..... Bernard Liautaud, Business Objects 49
Chapter 5:..... Iain Dodsworth, TweetDeck 59
Chapter 6:..... Giacomo Peldi Guilizzoni, Balsamiq. 71
Chapter 7:..... Olivier Poitrey, Dailymotion. 91
Chapter 8:..... Richard Moross, Moo.com.. 101
Chapter 9:..... Felix Haas, amiando 111
Chapter 10:... Peter Arvai, Prezi 121
Chapter 11:... Saul Klein, Video Island (LOVEFiLM) 135
Chapter 12:... Boris Veldhuijzen van Zanten, The Next Web. 151
Chapter 13:... Reshma Sohoni, Seedcamp. 163
Chapter 14:... Ilya Segalovich, Yandex 175
Chapter 15:... Richard Jones, Last.fm.. 187
Chapter 16:... Alex Farcet, Startupbootcamp. 201
Chapter 17:... Martin Varsavsky, Fon. 209
Chapter 18:... Brent Hoberman, lastminute.com219
Chapter 19:... Loic Le Meur, Seesmic and LeWeb. 225
Chapter 20:.. Eric Wahlforss, SoundCloud. 241
Product Details
- 9781430239079
- Publisher:
- Apress
- Publication date:
- 01/23/2012
- Sold by:
- Barnes & Noble
- Format:
- NOOK Book
- Pages:
- 272
- File size:
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CANADA FX DEBT-C$ slides as greenback rallies
* C$ jumps after rate cut, but down from Monday
* BoC cuts rates 50 bps to 1.0 percent, as expected
* Government bonds lower, pace U.S. market
By Jennifer Kwan
TORONTO, Jan 20 (Reuters) - The Canadian dollar fell versus the U.S. dollar on Tuesday as the greenback rallied against a range of currencies as investors sought safety amid growing worries over the global economy.
The Canadian currency finished at C$1.2676 to the U.S. dollar, or 78.89 U.S. cents, down from C$1.2547 to the U.S. dollar, or 79.70 U.S. cents, on Monday.
"We're seeing flight to safety to the U.S. dollar and that's driving all currencies down against the greenback, including our own," said Sal Guatieri, senior economist at BMO Capital Markets.
Economic concerns may be leading investors to think things will get worse before they get better, said Guatieri, noting: "Clearly, that's on full display today with equity markets taking another beating."
North American stock markets sold off sharply on Tuesday as growing troubles in the international banking sector underscored the economic crisis. Toronto's main stock index .GSPTSE ended down 3.81 percent, while the S&P 500 index .SPX was off 5.28 percent. Continued...


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9 tips to help you pass your classes this semester
If you're overwhelmed by the first few weeks of your classes, you may be thinking "What do I need to pass my class?" If you're ambitious, you're thinking not about how to pass, but how to ace courses. I always aimed for the A in my classes but I didn't always get there!
Setting a concrete goal is one of the steps you need to take to pass or ace your classes this semester. College students can always use a few lifehacks to help make classes easier, so check out these 9 college tips on how to make the grade. Read more →


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Here at last is the final installment of Across The Stars, beginning with what could be called an alternate scene of sorts. One of my story's minor apparent missteps was Shego's gift to Kim, back in Ch. 16. Her new outfit's color scheme did not initially meet with, shall we say, overwhelming approval. The suit was quickly sacrificed for the good of the mission (and hopefully, the story) and I humorously tried to explain my original intention to MrDrP. However, another reviewer thought my response was entertaining enough to be shared with a wider audience, perhaps in some author's notes at the end. So I offer the following for your reading pleasure and general edification.
Although I still defend the logic of my original idea, I probably could have presented it better. This is what I meant to convey:
Now smiling, Shego held the box out to Kim. She quietly said, "Here's something I hope you'll like."
Kim opened the box. Inside was a bodysuit of familiar design and pattern. Identical in form with Shego's outfit, it had one major difference: the colors were now green, red, blue and purple. Each color was outlined with a thin black line, but the design was still in Shego's classic harlequin pattern.
Kim gasped in amazement as she removed the suit from the box. She drank in the exquisite beauty of her new outfit. Kim was almost in tears as she observed the incredible style and perfect cut of the fabric. The muted, pastel colors of Team Go were a delight to her eye, their gentle hues presenting a living testament to the perfect blending of her newly acquired abilities. She knew now that there was nothing that would prevent them from working together to rescue Ron and Drakken. Absolute victory was now assured."
Unfortunately, to some it came across as:
Kim gasped in horror as she removed the suit from the box. Shego's failed attempt at reconciliation was heightened by the horribly garish colors of the harlequin-like outfit, looking more like a Salvador Dali nightmare than anything even remotely aesthetic. But try as she might, she couldn't tear her eyes away from the fashion disaster, not unlike how some people react to a terrific car crash. Kim rapidly approached her hurl factor as she continued to grimace at the horrible affront to her fashion sensibility. It was a perfect visual description of the incredible dysfunction of Team Go. She realized now that there was no way that she could continue under these circumstances, even though it would mean the demise of both Ron and Drakken, as well as the Earth's doom. At least she would be able to look Coco Banana squarely in the eye as she faced the rest of eternity without Ron. The End."
In any case, Kim's attire was quickly used to repair some serious battle damage to the Kepler III , as you may remember. But ... could it reappear in a future sequel, rising from the grave like some kind of ghastly undead zombie from one of Ron's computer games? Oh, the horror … the horror ...
And now, as they say, from the ridiculous to the sublime. Here is one final bonus chapter to close this tome, answering a remaining question, and showing that happy endings can also come with a heavy price ...
Sensei floated weightlessly on the astral plane in an unaccustomed state of anxiety and spiritual exhaustion. He had already spent nearly a week here in this beautiful void between the great realities. He breathed a deep sigh, sadly realizing he would soon need to return to his corporeal body. Even though his search here had once again been fruitless, still he persevered. His search for Yoshiko was far too important not to push himself to the very limit of his spiritual and physical endurance. Besides, a promise had been made to him, and he trusted that that promise would still be kept.
"Perhaps if I stay just an hour longer ..."
He frowned, recalling that he had spoken those very words nearly fifty years before, and in the process had nearly become lost here himself. He remembered his desperation at the time as he frantically searched in vain for the love of his life, who had become irretrievably lost here. Yoshiko was the only woman to have ever become a Mystical Monkey Master, and she had been personally trained by him. Sensei had continued to feel a deep sense of regret for letting her travel on the astral plane by herself without more extensive tutelage. He felt personally responsible, and accepted full blame for her loss. Even though Fujimi, the headmaster of Yamanouchi at the time, had absolved him of any responsibility whatsoever, he still could not forgive himself. He was convinced that it had been his fault, and his fault alone.
He breathed her name. "Yoshiko … I am so sorry ..."
His voice returned to him, empty. The path before him glittered serenely in the mystic light, its beauty reminding him of Yoshiko's own incomparable loveliness. Still, the path's appearance belied its ever present dangers, as it had somehow trapped his one true love here. With sad resignation, he slowly turned back down the path toward the physical plane, and home.
He began to fondly reminisce over the joy he had felt as he began training his beautiful pupil, so very long ago. Just as he had done much more recently with Stoppable-sama, he first trained her in the martial art of Tai Shing Pek Kwar, and later in both the mystical arts as well as the secrets of traveling the astral plane. He held the bittersweet memory in his mind of the first time that they joined their minds, reveling in the amazing oneness of that experience. Their bond naturally deepened as the weeks and months went by. He began to fall deeply in love with his precious Yoshiko, and soon broached the subject of marriage. Once he had gathered up enough courage to actually ask her, she joyfully accepted his proposal. Their courtship lasted throughout the remainder of her training, which was hastened by their anxiousness to be wed. He now regretted that haste, sadly fearing that the accelerated training had contributed to her loss.
Once she had disappeared on the astral plane, he began a desperate attempt to find her. After several unsuccessful attempts in locating her, his desperation soon tuned to despair, then to resignation in face of the inevitable. On his last try, he barely made it back in time himself before his body expired, having had no sustenance for over three days. Through training over the years, he had managed to extend that period of time to seven days, but he was at present critically close to that limit. He was forced to start back, his mystical cord retracting automatically as he grew closer to the physical plane. But before long, a strange apparition materialized before him, one he had not seen for many years.
A deep, otherworldly voice spoke. "Sensei ..."
A wave of relief washed over his soul. The master slowed his progress, then stopped completely. The comet aliens had finally returned, just as they had promised. The three beings glowed in a multicolored display of energy. Incorporeal, the three orbs slowly circled each other as they floated before Sensei.
The first alien spoke. "Our apologies, Sensei. We were delayed by a critical mission of grave import. However, we have not forgotten our promise to you."
The second alien added, "We are deeply grateful for your assistance during this crisis. If this had not been resolved, not only galactic peace would have been threatened, but interdimensional peace as well. With your help, Kim Possible and Ron Stoppable have have succeeded in defeating the Lorwardians, and peace has once again been restored to your galaxy. We have therefore returned to fulfill our agreement."
The third alien continued. "Sensei, as we are not of your dimension, we do not share the same type of physical form as yourself. We do have similar emotions, however, and therefore considerable empathy for your predicament. Behold ..."
Sensei's eyes widened as a small light appeared in the distance, growing ever larger at it approached. Even before the light had coalesced, he could sense the presence of his one true love. Deep feelings, long forgotten, buoyed up within him.
"Yoshiko ..."
The light grew closer, finally assimilating into the one lithe form that Sensei had nearly given up hope of ever seeing again.
"Yes, Sensei. It is I. It is your Yoshiko." Her lilting voice was just as youthful and full of life as it had been the day she left. Her appearance was likewise unblemished by time, and every bit as beautiful as Sensei had remembered.
Sensei was astounded. She floated before him, clothed in a dark blue keikogi, the very same attire as she had worn the last time he had seen her. The last time before she had disappeared, seemingly forever.
He could barely believe what his senses were telling him. "Yoshiko, is it really you, after so very long?"
"Yes, my love, it is truly me. I have held your memory close to my heart for these many years, always and ever hoping to see you one last time."
Sensei cocked an eyebrow. "One last time? I do not understand."
Yoshiko wistfully bowed her head. "My most earnest wish was to see you one more time before passing into the eternal realm. Now, that has been fulfilled. My soul overflows with the joy of seeing you once again, but now we must part."
Sensei was thunderstruck. "No … it cannot be! But why?"
Yoshiko continued. "Due to my inexperience, my spirit became completely diffuse while here on the astral plane. Spread out over such a wide area, I was unable to communicate with you as you searched for me, although I could sense your presence. For that same reason, I was also unable to pass through through the portal and into the eternal realm when my only chance to do so occurred, nearly fifty years ago."
She smiled gratefully at the three comet aliens. "Mere words cannot convey my deep thanks to these beings, who have reconstituted my spirit and are now able to reopen that portal, allowing me to enter into my eternal rest."
In spite of his tremendous self-control, Sensei was nearly overwhelmed with emotion. The incredible happiness he felt in seeing Yoshiko again bordered on the miraculous, but the sudden realization that their reunion would only be short-lived brought soul-crushing sorrow.
Sensei angrily turned toward the aliens. "But what of our agreement? Was I not to be reunited with Yoshiko?"
The first alien replied, "Yes, and that has now been fulfilled, though perhaps not in exactly the way that either you or we had intended. Unfortunately, the time of your reunion must be brief. We have since discovered that even we cannot hold your Yoshiko's spirit together for long, while simultaneously summoning the portal and keeping it open. This is regretfully beyond even our considerable powers."
The grief Sensei now felt filled him with great anguish, bordering on despair. Having just been reunited with his great love after so long, he could not bear to lose her once again. He frantically tried to think of another answer to the apparently insoluble problem. "But, cannot she return with me to the physical realm?"
His voice tinged with regret, the second alien responded, "Your own powers, though great, would not be able to keep her spirit unified as you made the transition back to your physical reality. And regrettably, we are unable to cross into your dimension without resulting in our own destruction."
Yoshiko smiled as she sadly shook her head. "And even if I could, what would I return to, my love? My body has been dead and buried these past fifty years. I think you would find it difficult carrying on a relationship with an undead spirit, even if that were possible."
"But perhaps we could find another form for you to inhabit?" Sensei realized the folly of his question as soon as he had voiced it. He knew that he was grasping at straws as he desperately cast about for a solution, but he wasn't quite willing to give up just yet. "A clone might be the answer. Technology exists even now for such a process. The process itself may not be quite perfected, but there is still a chance ..."
Yoshiko hesitated, but again shook her head. "No, it cannot be. I cannot return, and even if that were possible, I could not do so without upsetting the delicate balance of what must be, both here and in the physical realm. We both know that more than anyone, my dear friend. This is the way of existence, the graceful symmetry between Yin and Yang. We must not tamper with it without risking dire consequences."
Sensei knew this intuitively, as he himself had taught her these very ways so long ago. Nevertheless, he was close to tears, his formidable self-control withering under the assault between his reawakened feelings of hope and the grim reality he now faced. He sighed deeply as he bowed his head, now prepared to accept the inevitable.
"Yes, you are correct, my Yoshiko. I now regret having taught you these truths all too well, but that does not alter their veracity. Change is a necessary part of life, and often we cannot regain what has been lost, as much as we may desire it."
A small smile tugged at his lips. "We can, however, remember those times with fondness."
"Yes, Sensei. And nothing can ever take those times away from us, neither then nor now. I shall always remember you, my love, and with deep fondness."
"As shall I, my precious Yoshiko."
Several seconds passed without either speaking a word. Neither wished to break the spell of these last few moments together, as each tried to etch this precious memory forever within their minds.
The first alien spoke again. "It is time. We are deeply grateful to have been able to arrange both this last meeting and farewell, but time grows short."
Now resigned to their separate fates, Sensei responded, "You as well have my eternal thanks for retrieving my Yoshiko, and enabling her to complete her long delayed spiritual journey."
Yoshiko smiled. "I knew that one day you would return to rescue me, Sensei. I can easily sense that your love has not abated for me in the slightest, even though much time has passed. I only regret that our present reunion has been so cruelly short, and that its resolution will spell our further separation. But I shall never let this moment fade from my memory. I shall indeed remember you, forever ..."
A small light in the distance began to form.
The third alien instructed, "Once the portal appears, all you need do is allow yourself to pass through it to the other side. The eternal realm is a place of great peace and beauty, far above any mortal comprehension. It is our great honor to assist in your passage."
The portal grew in size until it was just large enough for Yoshiko to pass through. The edges of the doorway to the great beyond flickered brightly, lighting the surrounding area with its otherworldly glow. Yoshiko began to be slowly drawn into it. Suddenly, Sensei reached out and touched her shoulder, briefly holding her back.
"Wait, Yoshiko."
He turned to the aliens. "Is it possible for more than one spirit to pass through the portal at once?"
The three aliens began to spin faster in mild consternation as they considered this unusual request. The first alien replied, "This portal is only set for one being to pass. However, with additional effort on our part, it may just be possible."
Yoshiko tuned back to Sensei in horror. "No, Sensei! As much as I desire never to part from you, I cannot condone your sacrifice. What of your own life, your friends, and your duties at Yamanouchi?"
Sensei offered a wan smile. "I am an old man, my Yoshiko. I have lived a full life, and my own destiny has been fulfilled. Thanks to Kim Possible, the Earth is now safe from the threat of the Lorwardians. As the Mystical Monkey Master, Ron Stoppable has finally gained complete control over his powers, and together with Rufus-san, they shall continue to protect the Earth from peril. Yamanouchi is in excellent hands as well, and is now being led by Yori, a former pupil of mine in whom I have the utmost confidence. My work in the physical realm has been fully completed, and I have no qualms about passing the torch on to those who are eminently qualified to do so."
He sighed heavily. "Besides, it is long past the time to enter my rest as well. And to be blessed by beginning eternity reunited with my one true love fills my soul with unspeakable joy."
Even in her spirit form, tears began to fill Yoshiko's eyes. "Nothing would please my soul more, my Sensei. But I cannot allow myself to deny you of your physical life merely to fulfill my own happiness. I will agree only if you are absolutely certain."
Sensei nodded with complete confidence. "I am. And let there not be the slightest lingering of doubt in your own mind, my love."
The aliens spoke again, but this time with one single voice. "We are prepared. The portal may now allow both of you to pass. But be forewarned that this decision is irrevocable. Even our considerable powers have their limits: once you pass through, there will be no turning back."
Sensei chuckled. "Nor would we want to, my alien friends. Are you ready, my Yoshiko?"
As she looked longingly at Sensei, she smiled and nodded. "Hai. I am ready."
As Sensei and Yoshiko gazed deeply into the other's eyes, they allowed themselves to pass through the portal. In another few moments, the portal gently closed and disappeared in a sparkle of coruscating color.
Back on Earth, Sensei slowly exhaled his final breath, a deep smile of contentment gracing his now still physical form.
The aliens smiled, and slowly turned toward home.
This chapter is respectfully dedicated to those who lost their lives in the recent San Bruno, CA explosion and fire, which has devastated the neighborhood of my youth. May those they left behind be comforted by the knowledge of God's peace and grace in the midst of suffering and loss, and the hope of an eternal reunion. You will be sorely missed.


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People at Savannah: Vincent COUVERT Profile
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Groups allow users to share skins with other members who share a common interest in a topic. Join a group to submit topical articles that other members would be interested in. Some groups may require membership approval before you become part of the group.
Created by agent60509
On Nov, 17 2012
we are the police of minecraft we have files about mobs and players if do not use uniform you will be undercover for the time of no uniformMembers : 1
Created by Fadel
On Sep, 22 2011
[size=18]We Are The Minecrafters![/size] Hello All! My Name is RoklGames And Me and my friend Fadelassaad Just made A Group Called The Minecrafters. We Have 8 Members so far And Counting. We Still Have Room For 1 More Admin and 1 More mod on the forum. The Minecrafters Are Basicly A Group Who Make Videos For Youtube And IGN. We Need Writers for Our Magazine too. We Also Are Looking for a dedicated server So The Minecrafters Community Can Play On it. www.theminecrafters.tkMembers : 4
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LaRue County Chamber of Commerce members expressed mixed emotions last Wednesday as they bid farewell to Executive Director Rita Williams.
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Sara Netanyahu's fashion faux-pas sparks criticism
Top Stories
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's wife Sara has caused a media storm by wearing a see-through lacy black dress at the swearing-in ceremony of the new lawmakers with critics rebuking her taste as "cheap and immodest".
54-year-old Sara turned up at the 19th Knesset (parliament) opening ceremony in a tight black see-through lace dress, much to the disapproval of media.
Uriel Heilman of the JTA news agency compared her outfit to something worn by Beyonce, and made fun of her by saying, "Sara Netanyahu is no Michelle Obama".
"The outfit Sara chose for Tuesday's inauguration of the 19th Knesset was a form-fitting, lacy number with a transparent top. Except for a black band covering her bust, everything north of the waist was on full display. Who does she think she is, Beyonce at the Super Bowl?" Heilman wrote.
A fashion critic on Channel 10's "Erev Tov" programme dubbed the outfit "cheap and inappropriate". Ultra-orthodox newspapers were unequivocal in slamming it as "immodest".
However, a woman parliamentarian from Netanyahu's Likud party Limor Livnat rushed to her defence condemning the Israeli media for its "chauvinistic discourse".
"There's something very sad in the fact that, on a day when a record number of 27 talented women, many of them feminists, were sworn in to the Knesset, specifically on this day, there are those who choose to lash out at this woman in such a superficial and shallow way," Livnat was quoted as saying.
Her defence also came from an unexpected quarter in the form of Aryeh Deri, the leader of the ultra-Orthodox Shas party, who said his religious sensibilities had not been offended by the sight of Sara's belly.
In a message on his Facebook page, Deri also rapped what he termed "repulsive and mean-spirited preoccupation with the Prime Minister's wife's outfit".
"Such an honourable occasion cannot be pushed aside in favour for such activity... Public representatives' families should be kept outside the political game," he added.
Editors' Pick
- Hype around war gets a new life in India, Pak, increasing public support for armed forces
- Baahubali's technical finesse is a vehicle for regressive socio-political values
- Cow vigilantism is a tragedy in many parts — a rousing, a lynching, a reflection of change
- History stands testimony that the army, navy and air force always cooperate during wars


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Boston, Massachusetts 2109
United States
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Legara IV
42,599pages onAdd New Page
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this wiki
Legara IV was the inhabited fourth planet of the Legaran system. This was the homeworld for the Legarans.
In 2366, the USS Enterprise-D transported Ambassador Sarek to Legara IV to host the first meeting between the Federation and the Legarans. (TNG: "Sarek")
External link Edit
- Legara IV at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works


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The two strand of DNA are anti-parallel. DNA is directional: one end, the 5' end, has a protruding phosphate group, while the other end, the 3' end, has a hydroxyl group., In prokaryotes, each cell has a single, large circular chromosome, as well as smaller circular pieces of DNA called plasmids., In eukaryotes, each cell has numerous large pieces of DNA called chromosomes. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts also contain DNA, Eukaryotic chromosomes can exist as chromosomes (condensed) or chromatin (dissfused)., Chromosome condensation involves tight wrapping of DNA around protein complexes called histones. Histones are positively charged and thus neutralise the negative charge on dna. The wrapping of a small stretch of dna around a histone core is called a nucleosome. When the nucleosome is secured with a histone clip (H1 histone), the structure is called a chromatosome. Tight packing of the nucleosomes/chromatosomes produces the 30 nm fibre. Further packing of the 30 nm fibre produces condensed chromosomes. Human chromosomes may be condensed 70,000 times., Techniques such as Spectral Karyotype analysis and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) allow scientists to visualise chromosomes, chromosomal territories in nuclei and chromosomal changes., Chromosome binding dyes (Giemsa) allow chromosomal regions to be defines and chromosomal maps to be made.
Gene, Structure, Eukaryotic genes, Protein-coding region (open reading frame), Exon (protein coding segments), Intron (intervening regions - removed after transcription), Regulatory regions, 5' UTR (UnTranslated Region), Promoter, RNA polymerase binding site, Control regions (transcription fator binding sites), Proximal control sites (near the promoter), Distal control sites (far away from the promoter), Enhancer (stimulates transcription). Transcripton factors that bind to enhancers are called activators, Silencers (inhibit transcription). Transcription factors that bind to silencers are called repressors/suppressors, 3' UTR (UnTranslated Rgion), Termination Signals, Poly-adenylation signals (special sequence that results in a poly A tails being added to the mRNA after transcription), Prokaryotic genes, Operons, Regulatory regions, 5' UTR (UnTranslated Region), Promoter, RNA polymerase binding site, Operator, Repressor binding site, When repressor is bound to the operator, RNA polymerase is blocked from transcribing the structural genes (the operon is switched off). When operator is unoccupied, RNA polymerase is free to transcribe the structural genes (the operon is switched on)., Repressor protein, The repressor protein exists in two forms (allosteric). In one form, it is able to bind to the operator and the in the other form, it cannot bind to the operator. The shape is determined by the presence or absence of other molecules (metabolites)., Co-repressor, Tryptophan. The amino acid tryptophan binds to the trp repressor protein and changes its shape so that it binds to the operator (thus switching the trp operon off)., Lactose. The sugar lactose binds to the lac repressor protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to the operator (thus switching the lac operon off)., 3' UTR (UnTranslated Region), Termination Signals, Protein-coding region (open reading frame) - structural genes., All genes involved in a specific biochemical/molecular pathway are co-located., Expression, Central Dogma, The Central Dogma of molecular biology indicates that biological information that is sotred in nucleic acids, (DNA or RNA) is used to construct proteins. The flow of information is unidirections (nucleic acids to proteins). Information in RNA can be used to make DNA (this is called reverse transcription), but this is rare. Both DNA and RNA are capable of self-replication., Despite the many years since it was proposed, no exception to the Cental Dogma has been discovered., RNA viruses: capable of reverse transcription, but the synthesis of viral proteins involves unidirectional information flow from nucleic acids to proteins., Prions: prions do not replicate or carry out protein synthesis. Hence there is no 'need' for nucleic acids., RNA editing and RNA interference: these processes can either influence transcription or change the genetic information in RNA after transcription, but it does not change direction of the information flow from nucleic acids to proteins. There is no evidence that these processes change the genetic information in DNA., Prokaryotic genes, Operons, Inducible (Always OFF, unless turned on by inducer), Example: lac operon. When lactose is not present, repressor is bound to operator, preventing transcription by RNA polymerase (operon is OFF). In the presence of latose, allolactose (the inducer) leaks into the cell. It binds to the repressor protein, which changes its shape and falls off the DNA. RNA polymerase then transcribes the three genes in the lac operon, tunring turning the operon ON., Repressible (always ON unless turned off by repressor), Example, trp (tryptophan operon). Repressor protein cannot bind to the operator sequence in the DNA (operon if ON). However, when tryptophan is present in the cytoplasm, it binds to the repressor, causing it to change shape and bind to the operator. This prevents transcription by RNA polymerase, thus turning the operon OFF., mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain by the ribosome complex. The ribosome complex consists of 2 subunit (small and large) and each subunit is held together by ribosomal RNA (rRNA). When assembled, the subunits create 3 pockets (E, P and A), Translation begins at the 5' end of the mRNA at a specific site known as the initiator codon (AUG, which specifies the amino acid, methionine). The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading groups of 3 nucleotides (called codons). At each new codon, a tRNA bearing the appropriate amino acid enters the ribosome complex at the A site. A peptide bond is formed between the tRNAs at the P and A sites. This conitnues until the ribosome reaches the 3' end of the mRNA, which contains a stop codon. A molecule known as the release factor disassembles the ribosome, thus completing translation., Prokaryotic cells: consists of Archaea and Bacteria. Single celled organisms without organelles. Possess an external cell wall. Highly adaptible and lives in varied enviroments, including extremophiles, halophiles. Able to survive harsh conditions by sporulation., Ekaryotic genes, Transcription occurs in the nucleus. Transcription factors (activators) bind to distal contol elements (enhancers). This caused a bending protein to bind to and bend the DNA, so that the enhancer sequences come close the promoter region. General transcription factors bind to proximal control elements. This causes RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. Transcription then proceeds as in the prokaryotes and is completed when the RNA polymerase recognises termination signals at the 3' UTR. Repressors are transcription factors that bind to suppressors (equivalent to enhancers, but with repressive function) to inhibit transcription., The mRNA that falls off the DNA is known as the pre-mRNA. This pre-mRNA has to be processed before it can act as a template for polypepide synthesis. The processing involves adding a cap structure at the 5' end, a poly-A tail at the 3' end, removal of introns (splicing) and occassionally, editing of the RNA sequences., mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain by the ribosome complex. The ribosome complex consists of 2 subunit (small and large) and each subunit is held together by ribosomal RNA (rRNA). When assembled, the subunits create 3 pockets (E, P and A), Translation begins at the 5' end of the mRNA at a specific site known as the initiator codon (AUG, which specifies the amino acid, methionine). The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading groups of 3 nucleotides (called codons). At each new codon, a tRNA bearing the appropriate amino acid enters the ribosome complex at the A site. A peptide bond is formed between the tRNAs at the P and A sites. This continues until the ribosome reaches the 3' end of the mRNA, which contains a stop codon. A molecule known as the release factor disassembles the ribosome, thus completing translation.If the polypeptide contains a signal sequence at its N-terminus, a signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to it and directs the entire ribosomal complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The newly synthesised polypeptides are released into the ER space (not always), where they are then modified by having sugars added to them (a process known as glycosylation; the polypeptides are known known as glycoproteins). The glycoproteins are then packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi Apparatus (GA), where further processing of the glycoproteins occur (e.g. further modifications of the sugars, addition of lipids, etc). Finally, the polypeptides are sorted and packaged into vesicles and sent to their final desitnations (e.g. plasma membrane)., Polypeptides have four levels of structure: Primary: linear sequence of amino acids; Secondary: hydrogen bonding within peprtide backbone to form alpha-helix or beta sheet; tertiary: three-dimentional structure of polypeptide that is stabilised by covalent (disulphide bonds), ionic and hydrophobic interactions; quaternary: association of multiple polypeptides. Polypeptides may consist of specialised regions called domains. Domains carry out speciliased functions, which are part of the overall function of the polypeptide., Protein Quantitation, The protein concentration in a sample can be determined using spectrophotometry. According to Beer's Law, the amount of light absorbed by any substance is directly proportional to its concentration in the solution. The absorbances of known concentrations of proteins are used to generate a standard curve and the absorbance of the 'unknown samples' is used to determine its protein content (using that standard curve)., Cells, Cells are the fundamental units of life. A unicellular organism, such as Paramecium, is a complete individual that is capable of performing all of life's functions., Feeding, Cytopharynx, food vacuole, cilia, Locomotion, Cilia, Osmoregulation, Contractile vacuole, Genetics, Macronucleus - diffused chromatin where gene expression occurs, Micronucleus - highly condensed chromosomes - used for reproduction, If proteins are misfolded, chaperone protein complexes will attempt to refold them., Misfolded proteins which cannot be repaired are destroyed in proteasomes., Differential gene expression, Since a transcription initiation complex must form before transcription can commence in eukaryotes, the presence/absence, as well as the types of transcription factors in a cell can determine which genes will be expressed., Different cell types contain different sets of transcription factors. Different genes will contain multiple control elements., This means that two different cell types in a single multicellular organism will express different sets of genes from the same genome. Hence, each cell type becomes functionally specialised because each will express a unique complement of proteins., The process of deriving unique cell types from undifferentiated embryonic cells is called differentation., Differentiation is the result of differential gene expression. During early embryonic development, cells migrate within the embryo. At this stage, the embryonic cells are undifferentiated and do not express 'cell type-specific' genes. When the cells arrive at their destinations, the switch on the expression of certain genes that will begin the process of differentiation. Initially, 'Master Regulatory Switches' are turned on. These are transcription factors. In turn, those transcription factors will induce the expression of 'differentiation' genes, thus driving the cells to their eventual developmental fates. MyoD is an example of a master regulatory switch, which in involved in the development of muscle cells.
Restriction enzymes are enzymes (mainly from prokaryotes) that cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Each restriction enzyme recognises a specific DNA sequence, known as its restriction sequence or target sequence. The digested DNA has 'sticky' or 'blunt' ends., Enzymes called DNA ligases join DNA fragments together.
A method of separating DNA in an electric field. DNA is pushed through an agarose matrix by the electric field. DNA is separated according to size - small DNA fragments migrate further on a gel, compared to larger fragments. DNA is visualised by adding a fluorescent dye to the gel and then observing the gel under UV illumination.
A method of characterising differences in DNA using restriction enzymes. DNA from different sources are digested and then separated by electrophoresis. The similarity of the DNA profiles (number and sizes of fragments) indicates the degree of similarity or difference between the DNAs.
Cancer. A condition caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. This occurs because of the breakdown of controls in the cell cycle.The direct causes of cancer are genetic mutations, although lifestyle and environmental factors alter the risk of developing cancer., Regulation: genetic causes., Signal to divide: Growth factors bind to cell surface receptors (usually tyrosine kinase receptors). This activates a signal transduction pathway that causes cells in G1 to enter the S phase. Mutations in certain genes, called proto-oncogenes, convert them into oncogenes. The proteins synthesised by oncogenes maintain the signal trasnduction pathway in an activated state, even though grwoth factors are not bound to the cell surface receptors. One example of an oncogene is Ras., The process of converting a normal cell into a cancer cell is called transformation. Multiple mutations, in both oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, are required for this., Signal to stop dividing. Controls at the checkpoints ensure that the cells do not progress to the next stage of the cycle unless conditions and signals are appropriate. One group of such regulators are the tumour suppressors (e.g. p53). Mutations in the tumour suppressors can cause uncontrolled passage through the cell cycle.
Stages, M, Mitosis: DNA that was replicated in S phase is separated in mitosis. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells. Two daughter cells are produced from a parental cell and the daughter cells have identical genetic makeup to that of the parental cell., Prophase: Condensation of chromosomes. Spindle body replicates and moves to the opposite ends of the cell.Spindle body synthesises spindle fibres (microtubules). Spindle fibres from opposite sindle bodies attach to different sister chromatids. Nuclear membrane disintegrates., Metaphase. Chromosomes move towards the metaphase plate., Anaphase. Separation of sister chromatids to opposite ends of cell. Separation of chromatids occurs because of depolymerisation of spindle fibres., Telophase. Completion of chromosomal movements. Reformation of nuclear envelope. Disintegration of spindle fibres., Cytokinesis. Contraction of actin fibres just beneath the plasma membrane causes the membrane to move towads the cytoplasm. This mebrane contraction occurs between the separated nuclei. In plant cells, cytokinesis is followed by the laying down of a cellulose cell wall., Meiosis. Occurs in testes and ovaries durinng the formation of gametes. Results in the formation of 4 daughter cells from one parental cell. the genetic complement of the daughter cells is different to that of the parental cells. Genetic diversity occurs becuase of (i) crossing over of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes - prophase I, (ii) random assortment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I and (iii) random fertilisation of gametes during fertilisation. Sexual reproduction brings new combination of alleles together, which may bring about new properties in populations. It is thought that the evolution of immunological defense against rapidly evolving pathogen is one of the main advantages conferred by sexual reproduction., Prophase I: condensation of chromosomes. Crossing over of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. Spindle body duplicates and moves to opposite ends of the cell, while producing spindle fibres. pindle fibres from opposite ends conenct to different homologous chromosomes. Nuclear membrane disintegrates., Metaphase I. Alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. Homologous chromosomes site side-by-side at the metaphase plate., Anaphase I: separation of homologous chromosomes (not chormatids)., Telophase I: reformation of nuclei. Nuclear membrane reforms, but spindle fibres disintegrates., Cytokinesis, Prophase II: same as mitosis prophase., Metaphase II: same as mitosis metaphase., Anaphase II: same as mitosis anaphase - separation of chromatids., Telophase II: same as mitosis telophase, Cytokinesis: formation of four daughter cells. In females, one of the two daughter cells at each cytokinesis degenerates into polar bodies. The cytoplasmic contents of these cells are transferred to the other daughter cell, leaving behind residual nuclei. These residual nuclei form highly refractile polar bodies. Only one daughter cell (egg) remains after one round of meiosis, G2, Cell recovers from S-phase. Cell contains twice the amount of DNA as it did in the G1 phase. At the G2/M checkpoint, the cell prepares for mitosis by synthesising proteins for that stage (spindle sibres, etc)., S, DNA replication: DNA is unwound by enzymes (DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase). DNA helicases open up the double helix at special sites called 'origins of replication' (which are kept apart by single stranded binding proteins (SSSB)). Primase synthesises a short RNA fragment (primer). DNA polymerase extends the primer towards the 3' end (this is the replication of the leading strand). For the other stand, primase synthesises a short primer slightly away from the origin of replication, which DNA polymerase extend towards the origin of replication. This strand is the lagging strand. The lagging strand is replicated as several short strand (called Okazaki fragments). Then, another form of DNA ploymerase replaces all RNA primers with DNA. the enzyme DNA ligase joins the backbones of the newly synthesised strands. Replicated DNAs remain attached together and each replicated molecule is referred to as a sister chromatid. This type of replication is known as semi-conservative replication., The 3' ends of the lagging strand are not completely replicated. This is because there is no site for the synthesis of RNA primers at the 3' ends. This causes the 3' ends to shorten everytime DNA replicates. Eventually, the 3' ends rode to the point where essential genes are deleted (critical length). This activates the p53 system, which stops the cell from undergoing further rounds of DNA replication and cell division (cell cycle). The cell exits the cell cycle and undergoes terminal differentiation and will die by apoptosis. A cell in this stage is said to be senescent. It means that cells have a finite lifetime (Hayflick limit, 40-70 divisions), before dying., In embryonic cells and stem cells, the ends of chromosomes are linked to a large protein complex known as telomerase. Telomerase contains an RNA fragment, from which DNA polymerase can extend and replicate the 3' ends. Hence, in these cell types, DNA is replicated without terminal erosion. At a certain strage of development, cells will not express telomerase. Terminal erosion occurs during DNA replication and the cell will eventually stop dividing., G1, Growth phase of the cell. At the G1/S checkpoint, the cell prepares for the S-phase by synthesisng the porteins required for DNA replication.
The sizes of genomes is unrelated to complexity.
Thus DNA carries the genetic information that specifies biological traits (e.g. pathogenic, non-pathogenic, etc).
This confirms that only DNA can be passed from parents (i.e. parental viruses in this example) to offspring (virions in this example). Thus it is the molecule of heredity.
Gene duplication provide extra copies of genes, which can acquire new mutations and diversify. The mutated forms of 'original' genes are referred to as alleles. Sometimes alleles confer new functions (e.g. a slightly different trait). New genes are also created by shuffling domain-encoding exons., Groups of sequences within a genome are referred to as markers and can be used to identify individuals. This allows us to trance the movement of DNA during evolution. Mitochondrial DNA enables us to trance our matrilineal ancestry, which Y-chromosome markers allows us to trance our partilineal ancestry (only in males). Such studies strongly support that modern humans arose in Africa and emigrated to other parts of the world. Prior to that, the lineage leading to the Neanderthals had left Africa for Europe and Asia. Although modern humans and the Neanderthals remained largely separate, molecular evidence suggests tjhat a small degree of intermingling did occur between these hominids. Molecular data has also provided information on the migration of large groups of peoples around the world in our history.
Two key aspects of scientific investigations are the development of hypotheses and theories. BOTH describe aspects of science - they are equally valide, but differ in scope., Scientific hypotheses are testable and falsifiable. Controlled experiments are used to the validity of hypotheses, Scientific approaches often use either inductive or deductive reasoning.
The basic ideas of evolution are (1) biological variation of traits exist in populations and are inherited; (2) changes in the environment or competition may favour individuals with specific traits over others; (3) individual possessing favourable traits are better adapted to survive and produce more offspring than others, thus producing a change in the structure of populations., There is overwhelming evidence for evolution as a biological process: fossils, biogeography, molecular evidence, etc.
Types of mutations, Chromosomal mutations. Insertions, deletions, inversion, deletions, translocations, Point mutations. Silent, Missense, Nonsense, Frameshift (substitutions,insertions and deletions)
Effects of mutations, Gain-of-function mutations: confers new biological functions, Loss-of-function mutations: Loss of biological function.
Repair, Cells contain numerous mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, including excision repair
Cleavage: rapid mitotic division of zygote to produce an embryo with a large numer of cells. Cells in the interior die by apoptosis, resulting in a fluid filled interior. this is the blastula stage., Cellular migration. Also known as gastrulation. Results in the formation of tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm)., Laying down of the body axes (anterio-posterior/dorso-ventral). Body plan/patterning/positioning. Cellular migration into the interior of the embryo is guided by cytoplasmic protein gradients, called morphogen gradients. A cell knows where it is located within the embryo by determining the concentration of different morphogens it is exposed to. Depending on its locations within the embryo, cells will turn on the expression of homeobox genes (Hox genes) that are specific to the embryonic regions they are located in., Differentiation: Depending on the set of Hox gene that they express, cell will turn off the expression of differentiation genes. E.g., myoblasts (muscle stem cells) will turn on the expression of the MyoD gene, which in turn induces the expression of actin and myosin genes. This converts the myoblast into a differentiated muscle cell., Apoptosis. Differentiation also intitates processes that will lead to the orderly death of the cell (apoptosis). Cells will initally express survival genes (bcl-2), which inhibit the apoptotic pathway. When the expression of survival genes is turned off, apotosis will kill the cell. Apoptosis is an essential part of multicellular development and is important for processes such as the development of body shape.


text: How to Power Tune Ford SOHC 4-Cylinder Pinto & Cosworth DOHC Engines by Des Hammill English | July 2002 | ISBN: 1903706106 | 141 Pages | HQ PDF | 34 MB This text gives practical advice on how to power tune a high-performance version of Ford's 4-cylinder 1600, 1800 and 200 cc Pinto engine which has been used in Ford's most popular cars (Escort, Capri, Cortina, Sierra) over many years. Whether the reader wants a fast road car or to go racing, Des Hammill explains, without using technical jargon, how to build a reliable high power engine using as many stock parts as possible and without wasting money on parts and modifications that don't work. The text also covers Cosworth versions of Pinto engines and fitting Cosworth heads to normal blocks. It does not cover 1300, E-Max 1600 or American built 2300. Buy Premium From My Links To Get Resumable Support,Max Speed & Support Me Code: Download ( NitroFlare ) http://nitroflare.com/view/0A94D47212532E2/jvr45.H.t.P.T.F.S.4Cylinder.P.C.D.E.R.rar Oboom https://www.xxxxxxxx/KXOQI5JP/jvr45.H.t.P.T.F.S.4Cylinder.P.C.D.E.R.rar


text: "STOP OR I'LL KICK YOU IN THE TESTICLES!! ~~Dr. Temperance Brennan, Bones" I'm a girl, 13 years of age, and I have a very active imagination. I love to roleplay, to have fun, and to talk to people. Sometimes I let my temper get the better of me, which is sorta sad, but otherwise, I am relatively harmless. I'm an avid Bones, Glee, and Legend of the Seeker fan. I do watch old cartoons (He-Man and She-Ra) so if you find weird referances...ignore them :)