text:
Advising the Family Owned BusinessFROM £80.00
Offers practical advice to lawyers on dealing with family business clients
- Published: December 2016
- Edition: 1st
- Format: Paperback / eBook (ePDF) / eBook (ePub)
- Authors/Editors: Nicholas Smith , Veale Wasbrough Vizards
- Category: Family Law, Company Law
A key challenge is that professionals increasingly operate from ever narrower silos of specialisation, whereas the needs of their family business clients cross many practice areas. The book is intended to provide practitioners with an overview of family business issues from practice areas adjacent to their own, to help them offer rounded advice to family business clients. Coverage includes:
- An Introduction to Family Business Dynamics
- Management and Ownership Succession
- Family Business Governance
- Family Business and Employment
- Family Partnerships
- The Family Name
- Selling the Family Business
- Family Business Trusts
- Marriage and the Family Business
- Family Business Disputes
- The Family Business and Property
- Introduction
- Business Issues
- Family and Business Overlap
- The family dimension – Just Family Business?
- Family Ownership
- Non Family Owners
- Family Business Leadership
- Employee Ownership
- Family Business Practice
The support and encouragement of friends and family has been invaluable, especially my wife Susan, without whose long term amnesty on decorating projects the book may never have been written.
Most of the thinking included in the book is the result of countless hours of discussions with family business clients and colleagues from across the family business movement. In terms of both the frequency and depth of discussion, the time spent with my former colleague Emma Rudge stands out, closely followed by other members of the Veale Wasbrough Vizards family business team and colleagues from the International Centre for Families in Business (ICFIB) network. To the greatest extent possible sources have been acknowledged in the body of the book. However it would not be possible to identify, much less list, all of the source and influences that have helped me to arrive at the current stage of my family business journey.
More precisely a considerable number of colleagues have made direct and extremely valuable contributions to the book itself, for example by producing first drafts the legal or technical content forming part of the chapters, reviewing drafts of other chapters or in some cases both. Unless otherwise stated these are past or present colleagues from Veale Wasbrough Vizards. In detail these are:
Part A – The Family Owned Business and its Dynamics
David Pierce of D R Pierce Consultancy Limited and John Tucker of the Family Business Consultancy for the contributions they have each made to these chapters including reviewing and commentating on various drafts.
Part B – Business Matters
David Pierce who wrote chapter 4 on Tax Basics and the Family Business Structure and did so whilst struggling with serious health issues, together with his former partner Ruth Dooley of Hazlewoods accountants and Emma Bradley tax partner of Veale Wasbrough Vizards, who reviewed this chapter.
Various members of the employment team at Veale Wasbrough Vizards contributed text for chapters 5 and 6 (Employing Family Members and Non-family Employees, respectively) and/or reviewed later drafts of these chapters, including, Victoria McMeel, Paul Esmiley, Matthew Welch, Michael Halsey, Sarah Want and Jessica Ryan.
Thanks are due to Professor Andrew Keay of Leeds University for his review of and helpful comments in relation to chapter 8 (Director's Duties) also to Emma Rudge and Richard Hiscoke for their work on this.
Paula Williams and Steve McGuigan wrote the legal content for chapters 9 and 10 (The Name above the Door and Property and the Family Firm Respectively). David Pierce also provided tax and commercial comments on aspects of the latter chapter.
Part C - Ownership
So far as the section on ownership is concerned, once again David Pierce contributed comments on commercial and valuation points for chapter 12 (Selling the Family Business) which David Emanuel kindly reviewed. Jos Moule provided comments on chapter 13 (Family Partnerships).
Natalie Payne produced an early draft of chapter 14 (Family Business Trusts) and Edward Cumming of XXIV, Old Buildings Lincoln's Inn provided many detailed comments and insights, which have been incorporated into the final draft.
So far as chapter 16 (Tax and Family Ownership) is concerned, once again thanks are due to David Pierce, who wrote this chapter and to his former partners Ruth Dooley and Peter Griffiths of Hazlewoods, together with Emma Bradley tax partner of Veale Wasbrough Vizards, who each reviewed parts of this chapter.
Part D – Family Matters
I am grateful to Irene Pedder, Chair of the Clark's Shareholder Council for reviewing and commenting on the case study on the Clark's governance system contained in chapter 17.
The chapter on the family business and marriage (chapter 18) was a truly collaborative effort with original content provided by Oliver Early, with Samantha Hickman of Veale Wasbrough Vizards and Andrew Commins of St John's Chambers in Bristol both contributing many helpful thoughts and suggestions which have been included in the final draft.
Julia Hardy can be thanked for her contribution in preparing the first draft and reviewing final drafts of chapter 19 (Inheritance Disputes) and for her enthusiasm and commitment to this project generally.
Part E - Family Business Disputes
Huge thanks are due to Andrew Marsden of Commercial Chambers Bristol for his sterling contribution in reviewing all five chapters dealing with the legal aspects of disputes in family companies contained in this part.
Part F – The Family Business Advisor
John Tucker of the Family Business Consultancy shared his wisdom and experience, which added significantly to the chapter on process consulting and the role of the family business consultant (chapter 25). Similarly chapter 26 (Advising the Family Business Client) was tempered and hardened by robust discussions with Claire Ainley the Veale Wasbrough Vizards compliance partner.
Kate Hather, Mary Kenny and their colleagues at Jordan Publishing, now part of LexisNexis, together with my editor Tracy Robinson provided huge support and valuable guidance, without which as a first time author, I would have struggled to take the concept of this book through to the finished article. The practical assistance of Katie Hanson in keeping track of innumerable drafts of the various chapters has been invaluable.
But the final vote of thanks must go to my friend and colleague John Tucker, who not only introduced me to the particular challenges of advising family owned businesses over 15 years ago, but who has been a constant guide and companion on that fascinating and rewarding journey ever since.
Nicholas Smith
November 2016
Family businesses see themselves in terms of their legacy. They take a much longer-term approach to investment often making sustainable investment that leaves them better able to weather inevitable storms.
And this ethos and good practice is passed down from family member to family member, but also to the staff who are employed in the business. Working for a family business means working for a family, and staff turnover is often much lower than in other businesses.
But these strengths can also be weaknesses. A refusal to change or a lack of outside objectivity can stop a family business from achieving its true potential. A good family businesses knows that there are times to look for outside help.
That is why I am very pleased this book is available to help family business and their advisors deal with the particular issues they face. Succession, ownership, and disputes are taken to a whole new level when family is involved!
I am an enthusiastic supporter of the family business model. It is a business model as old as business itself. It is strong today, and I have no doubt that it will continue to thrive in the future as long as family businesses continue to evolve and adapt to the changing world. This book will help them do just that.
John Stevenson
November 2016
John Stevenson is MP for Carlisle, Chair of The All-Party Parliamentary Group for Family Business, and is a practicing solicitor and partner at Bendles LLP solicitors
Emma Bradley, Tax Partner, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Andrew Commins, St John's Chambers
Edward Cumming, XXIV, Old Buildings Lincoln's Inn
Ruth Dooley, Hazlewoods Accountants
Oliver Early
David Emanuel, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Paul Esmiley, Foot Anstey
Peter Griffiths, Hazlewoods Accountants
Michael Halsey, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Katie Hanson, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Julia Hardy, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Samantha Hickman, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Richard Hiscoke, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Professor Andrew Keay, Leeds University
Andrew Marsden, Commercial Chambers Bristol
Steve McGuigan, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Victoria McMeel, Bevan Brittan LLP
Jos Moule, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Natalie Payne, Mackrell Turner Garrett
Irene Pedder, Chair, Clark's Shareholder Council
David Pierce, D R Pierce Consultancy Limited
Emma Rudge, Michelmores LLP
Jessica Scott-Dye, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
John Tucker, Family Business Consultancy
Sarah Want, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
Matthew Welch
Paula Williams, Veale Wasbrough Vizards
IntroductionWhy this book?
The family business is the oldest and most common form of economic organisation on the planet. A selection of the evidence supporting this claim is contained in chapter 1 (Introducing the Family Owned Business).
Even so neither the management and behavioral professions nor the academic world had, until recently, paid much attention to family businesses as a distinct category. This has changed significantly over the last thirty years or so. During this period a whole raft of writing, theorising and thinking has taken place about family business issues. Various organisations have been formed to help family owned businesses and their advisors access this body of new knowledge. Most significantly a new breed of professional, family business consultants, has evolved and have developed new approaches and methods based on this thinking to help business-owning families with the particular challenges they face.
But awareness of this new family business movement amongst the traditional financial professions, including law, accountancy, banking and financial advisors, is, at best, fairly patchy.
Although the traditional professions have been dealing with family businesses, in some cases for millennia, they have been slow to recognise family owned businesses as a separate category from other non-family businesses. To illustrate the point feel free to try this simple test. Pick a professional textbook at random, turn to the index and look for 'family business' or similar terms. Of the sample we have tried we have yet to make a hit.
Of course it is possible to reverse engineer the process. With experience and knowledge of where family business issues are likely to be encountered, the technical professional will be able to unearth relevant content: for example a tax accountant may open the index of a tax manual to look under close companies for relevant legislation and commentary to advise a smaller family company. So the technical issues relevant to the business owning family can be found within the vast sea of knowledge available to the financial advisor. But this is likely to be in general terms rather than specific to particular family business situations. It is even less likely that works covering general technical advisory issues will take any account of the thinking generated by the family business movement.
A further challenge faced by technical advisory professionals is increased specialisation, not only between but also, within professions. But one of the key messages in family business thinking is that the advice needed to support a family business client undertaking a complex process, such as succession, cannot be neatly confined to a single profession such as organisational development, accountancy, or family business consultancy. Such advice most certainly cannot be provided from within individual silos of specialisation, for example the private client or corporate restructuring teams of a law firm.
Working on the basis that family business advisors, individual professions and specialist teams within those separate professions inhabit separate worlds, the hope is that this book can help to provide a bridge, or rather a number of bridges, between those worlds. So that, for example, a lawyer dealing with the early stages of conflict in a family owned company, will find some useful background on family dynamics which has been developed within the family business world, as well as some application of that thinking to the technical legal issues that they are dealing with.
Who is the book for?
In short the book has been written for family business champions. By which we mean anyone with an interest in and involvement with family owned businesses. Certainly family business champions can be found within the ranks of every family business client. They should also be present in any professional organisation with family business clients. That is not a moral judgment or a plea for fellow professionals to share an interest in the complex form of entity that is the family business. It is simply common sense. On the basis that family owned businesses make up a significant proportion of the client base of most professional firms, as will usually be the case, it must be in the commercial interests of those firms to take sensible steps to understand the dynamics and issues facing those family business clients and to consider how the service offering of the professional can be modified to best meet those client needs.
Inevitably a book commissioned by legal publishers, and written by a legally trained lead author, supported by various other lawyers as contributors or collaborators, has been written primarily with a legal audience in mind. But the aim has been to produce something that will also have direct relevance to family business members facing particular issues and challenges within their own family business, such as the introduction of family charters or other family business governance mechanisms and to members of other professions, for example accountants or family business consultants whose own family business clients might be facing a divorce or a family shareholder dispute and who wish to gain an overview of the legal background so as to be able to support their client through that process.
On the basis that readers may potentially come from different worlds, separate glossaries have been included. For ease of reference a list of concepts and terms forming the language of the family business world. Also, for non-lawyers, a glossary of basic legal expressions and terminology used in the book has been added.
The approach taken
The law applicable to family owned businesses is the law. There is clearly a huge amount of law out there. Although much of it has arisen in the context of the family owned business this is almost never categorised or indexed as such. But it is not our intention to restate topics that are well covered elsewhere. Neither is it our intention to comprehensively cover all topics that affect family businesses.
Instead we have attempted to select topics of particular relevance to the family owned business situation and to provide a broad overview of those topics. That overview is intended to help orientate the non-specialist, be they a family business owner, a non-legal professional or a lawyer needing a broad understanding of an area of law that they do not routinely work in. In many cases we have signposted further and general works or reading on the subject matter concerned.
Alongside that overview we have attempted to apply some of the family business theory referred to above to particular legal situations. The hope is that this will be relevant to specialist and non-specialist alike.
Finally, in a number of areas we have delved deeper into technical legal issues, for example in relation to shareholder remedies, to consider a number of legal issues in the context of family business situations. The aim here is to provide a specialist practitioner with an alternative and family business centric perspective of some particular technical legal issues.
Compared with a standard legal text this book cites fewer cases but looks at these in much more detail than would usually be the case. This is for various reasons. First, for the ease of reference of non-lawyer readers who might not have ready access to law reports. Secondly much family business writing and teaching is based on case studies of real life family business situations. By applying an extended treatment to a selected number of legal cases we aim to use these to illustrate various issues of family business dynamics as well as to explain legal principles. It follows that some of the cases have been chosen on the basis that they illustrate issues of family business dynamics and whilst they are relevant to legal issues are by no means leading or landmark cases on the subject concerned. As such the cases cited in the book should be read for their value as much or more as family business stories or case studies rather than as legal precedents.
Of course the information to be obtained from case reports is limited to the facts reported in the transcript or judgment concerned. Examples based on personal practice and information in the public domain relating to well-known family businesses have also been used to supplement the reported legal cases largely relied on for practical real life examples.
Maintaining perspective
The purpose of this book is neither to praise nor to bury the family business as an ownership model. Rather it is to explain it.
Inevitably much of this book (and of course the legal disputes used as case studies) highlights the negative aspects of family business life. It is important to maintain a sense of balance and perspective. The danger is that good aspects of the family business model become obscured by the bad and the downright ugly. Equally there is a danger of over-compensating and swinging too far in the direction of romanticising family firms as paragons of business virtue. Succession, longevity and continued family ownership become prized as goals in their own right, even when the interests of individual family members might be best served by separation from the family business or that of the wider business owning family by an outright sale.
One of the key objectives of the process consulting methodology used by family business consultants and explained in chapter 25, is that the role of the family business advisor is to help their client identify the best course of action for them. This must be done in a way that is free from the pre-conceptions and bias of their advisors.
The working assumption of anyone picking up a book about family business is that it will be about succession. This book is no exception. The topic of succession is one of two key threads running throughout this book. Whilst the subject of succession forms the express subject matter of only two relatively short chapters, its presence can be felt on almost every page. Every mention of the next generation carries with it the implicit assumption of succession plans.
Although succession is often seen and treated as a generic issue we have separated the specific treatment of the topic into two separate parts, management and ownership succession (dealt with in chapters 7 and 15 respectively). Partly this is to help illustrate that succession is a multi-faceted topic. Partly this is because the issue of management succession fits most logically into Part B dealing with business issues and that of ownership succession into Part C – Ownership
The second core thread running through this book is governance. In many ways the whole book can be read as an advertisement of the benefits to business owning families of investing in governance process. No apology is made for this.
Whereas the question of succession can be seen as a background presence the treatment of governance (broadly interpreted) is much more explicit. There is a lengthy chapter (chapter 17) dealing with specific family business governance mechanisms.
The very fact that the families featured in the law reports used as case studies points to a catastrophic breakdown of family relationships. The question becomes could that have been avoided, at any stage, by the intervention of some form of governance? Potential interventions, labelled as a governance application points or GAP are flagged at various points in the book.
It will be seen that in most of those cases the governance application point identified does not involve formal documents or procedures such as family councils or family charters. The 'application' suggested might be much more simple and straightforward, such as detailed thought and discussion on the basic wisdom of families deciding to go into business together, or to admit a family member to ownership. This reflects a very broad working definition (attributed to a leading family business academic John Davies) that family business governance involves 'getting the right people in the right place to discuss the right things at the right time'. It will be seen that this definition goes way beyond formal meetings and paper.
Obviously these governance application points are raised with the benefit of hindsight and based solely on the reports or transcripts of the relevant case. So the points are framed as tentative questions, such as 'was this tried?' or 'would this have made a difference?' rather than absolute and definitive statements of recommended best practice.
This is not a tax book. Often the subject of family business succession is discussed in the context of tax. So much so that tax and succession are sometimes seen as two sides of the same coin. Although there are short chapters dealing with the basics of family business tax issues, tax is not covered in any detail. Clearly the taxation implications of any ownership or disposal decision are a significant factor for the family business member concerned. But one of the arguments made in this book is that more significant difficulties can be caused for the business owning family if tax treatment is allowed to dominate the succession and ownership debate. Partly for this reason, and also because tax issues and estate planning are well catered for in many technical publications, the subject receives a comparatively light touch treatment here.
The scheme of the book
One of the points that will quickly emerge is the complexity of the family business situation and with that, how family business issues are often intertwined. For example succession can raise issues relating to employment, personal and corporate tax, company structures, property and pensions. That is to say nothing of the organisational, family dynamic and operational issues raised.
It therefore follows that any attempt to place family business issues into rigid categories is doomed to failure. But some structure is necessary. The scheme chosen has been to divide the book into separate parts. These are briefly outlined below. But, as will be apparent from the degree of cross-referencing within the body of the book itself that categorisation is, in many cases, inevitably arbitrary. For example a case could be made to fit chapter 10 dealing with family business property into the sections dealing with ownership or family matters just as much as the section on business issues actually chosen.
The book is structured in parts as follows:
Part A – The Family Owned Business and its Dynamics
These three chapters are intended to provide an introduction to family business concepts. They are almost entirely free from legal or other technical content.
Chapter 1, introducing the family owned business, is intended to orientate the reader by positioning the importance of the family owned business within both the UK and the world economy. It also looks in some detail at the definition of a family business and introduces the main case studies or family business stories discussed at various stages in the book.
The next chapter, Themes, introduces some of the key issues identified with family business life, such as sibling rivalry and the character and psychology of the founding entrepreneur.
As the first two chapters raise questions about the complexity of family businesses, chapter 3 is intended to introduce some key tools, models and theories to help advisors and business families understand and deal with that complexity.
These include the foundation stone of family business thinking, the three-circle model. As with the best of business models, the three-circle model is sufficiently simple so as to appear blindingly obvious once encountered and also useful enough to be used time and again.
Once introduced these tools and models, and especially the three-circle model, are referred to extensively throughout the rest of the book in an attempt to provide the bridge between technical content issues and family business thinking.
Part B – Business Matters
There then follows a series of chapters covering topics primarily positioned within the business system of the three-circle model. But it will readily be seen that in all of these cases there is an inescapable link between the topics discussed and the other two systems.
Taking employment issues as an example, the overlap between business and family issues will be entirely obvious in the case of family employees, discussed in chapter 5. Perhaps less obvious will be the influence of the family system on the position of non-family employees covered in the following chapter. For example where do the employment practices of an individual family business sit on a spectrum with equal opportunities at one end, actionable discrimination at the other and nepotism sitting somewhere between those points?
Chapter 7 – Management succession, deals with the logical endgame of family business employment issues. Will it be the family member or non-family management that take over the leadership of a family firm?
Part C – Ownership
The book then moves into the circle of the ownership system.
Chapter 11 - Ownership Overview, looks at some of the technical advisory issues relating to family business ownership including the application of share buy-back arrangements to 'prune the family tree' where the business owning family decide that some narrowing of ownership is appropriate.
The narrow or wider ownership question is especially acute where the family business comprises the lion's share of the family wealth. Family farming businesses are a prime example. Chapter 13 examines the technical legal difficulties of translating ownership approach into workable partnership arrangements.
Chapter 12 - Selling the family business looks at some of the particular features that apply when the target in a corporate transaction is a family company.
Part D – Family Matters
The chapters in this section, deal with family business governance, matrimonial issues and inheritance disputes in relation to a family business. They can be seen to both illustrate the power of the three-circle model and the virtual impossibility of categorising family business issues into neat boxes. Those last two chapters show how irretrievably interconnected family, business and ownership issues are within a family firm. The governance chapter explains how the family business movement has generated mechanisms to balance and deal with that complexity.
Part E - Family Business Disputes
This group of chapters provides a fairly detailed overview of the remedies available to shareholders in family companies, including the primary remedy of an unfair prejudice petition. In practice these chapters provide the best advertisement for family business governance. If the situations of the families featured in those chapters do not convince business families and their advisors of the benefits of governance as a preventative process nothing will.
As will appear from the detail of the chapters the remedies are based in either equity or discretion conferred on judges by statute and, as such, are largely within the discretion of individual judges. The remedies can therefore be of uncertain application.
Partly this might be seen as a clash in the courts between the business and family systems. There is a long tradition of the law seeking to provide certainty in business dealings, dating back to Lord Mansfield, credited as being the effective founder of modern commercial law and his view that 'Nothing is more mischievous than uncertainty in mercantile law'. It will inevitably be difficult to reconcile this desire for certainty with the ambiguities and contradictions of family life. The theme of the struggle of the courts to do so with family businesses is explored in detail, in particular in chapter 20 (Family shareholder disputes – an overview). The remaining chapters in this part introduce the individual remedies available to shareholders in family companies and explore how the courts have applied these to particular family business situations.
Part F – The family Business Advisor
The final part of the book concentrates on the process and practicalities of advising family businesses. Chapter 25 – Introduces the concept of process consulting, a different approach to advising business families, based on the practice of therapy and organisational development professions and examines the differences between this approach and that typically taken by the technical and expert or 'content' professionals in the legal, accountancy and similar fields.
The chapter also explains the role of the specialist family business consultant, as a relatively new citizen of the family business world as well as providing a very brief overview of what we have termed the family business movement.
Chapter 26 - Advising the family business client, attempts to apply the lessons learned from the rest of the book to the day to day practice of the legal and other financial advisory professional and asks the question is the advice that is being delivered 'fit for family business purpose'?
Linked to these chapters is a separate appendix with a brief overview and contact details of the main organisations comprising the family business movement and of most relevance to family businesses and their advisors in the UK.
Contributors and collaborators
Finally, before turning to the detailed content, a short explanation of how this book has been put together. Although the vast majority of the book has been written by the main author, Nicholas Smith, the book has immeasurably benefited from review and comments by other colleagues and collaborators mentioned in the preface.
More generally the views and thoughts expressed in this book have been formed and shaped as a result of a huge volume of conversations, reading, discussions, learning, teaching and above all working with family business clients over many years.
On this basis, whilst taking responsibility for the views expressed (subject, of course to the usual legal disclaimer) it would be entirely inappropriate for the lead author to claim sole ownership of these views and ideas. Accordingly the second person pronoun 'we' has been used throughout the book.
1 Metcalfe v Hall [1782] Mss. Rep. Vol. 18. Fol 16 MS. Room S. 1 BR Durnf 168, 408 (VC), discussed in Lord Mansfield – Justice in the Age of Reason by Norman S Poser McGill-Queens (University Press, 2013).
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|Madrid Stock Exchange Index vs.
Spanish 10-year Government Bond Yield (Bloomberg.com)
|Spanish 10-year Government Bond Yield (Bloomberg.com)
I see that Bankia hit penny land yesterday morning. Is the EUR18 billion bailout plan by Spain's government to inject government bonds into Bankia for equity (which they can then park at the ECB as collateral for cash) going to happen (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)? Subordinated bonds (junior bonds) at other Spanish banks (BBVA, Banco Santander) have had a bad month as well.
|Bankia hits a low of 0.96 (Bloomberg)
Oh this might come in handy: Spanish Bank and Sovereign Debt Risk Monitor (Maturity Schedule, Yields, CDS).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
30 Nov Fujifilm X-T2 Firmware Update Version 1.10 Released
Source: Camera Times
Fujifilm released the new firmware update version 1.10 for Fujifilm X-T2 mirrorless camera.
Download Fujifilm X-T2 Firmware Version 1.10
Detail of the update
The firmware update Ver.1.10 from Ver.1.00 incorporates the following issues:
1.Tether shooting is available by USB connection.
One of the application software below is required to use the tether shooting function.
・Tether Shooting Plug-in PRO for Adobe® Photoshop® Lightroom® Ver.1.3 or newer *1
・Tether Shooting Plug-in for Adobe® Photoshop® Lightroom® Ver.1.3 or newer *2
・Tethered Shooting Software HS-V5 Ver.1.3 or newer *3[How to set the PC shooting]
Before connecting your camera to a computer, set the PC SHOOT MODE of the CONNECTION SETTING in the SET UP menu to USB AUTO.
*If the USB AUTO is selected, the camera mode will automatically change to tether shooting mode when the camera is connected to a computer via a USB cable.
*If the USB FIXED is selected, the camera always work as tether shooting mode. Therefore, the camera doesn't work as normal shooting mode when the USB cable is not connected.
*1: "FUJIFILM Tether Shooting Plug-in PRO" will be available from Adobe Add-ons website.
The launch of the Mac version is scheduled for release around the end of November 2016, and the Windows version is scheduled for release around the beginning of December 2016.
*Separately, you need to purchase Adobe® Photoshop® Lightroom® 6 / CC.
*2:"FUJIFILM Tether Shooting Plug-in" is available from Adobe Add-ons website. X-T2 will be supported with Ver.1.3 upgrade.
Fujifilm X-T2 Firmware Update Version 1.10 Released posted on Camera Times on .


text:
I. reichenbachii, according to Köhlein, has a
"visible (compared with I. pumila) bloomstalk..2 3/4"-8 1/2"
(22-24cm ) tall...." Thomas Silvers' 2nd photo definitely shows a stemmed
bloomstalk. Brian Mathew says of I. reichenbachii: "This species closely
resembles I. suaveolens but is usually a little taller and has broader leaves
and a shorter perianth tube." Mathew lists it at 10-30 cm, which should be
4" to just under 12" (but then I may be off on the translation into inches, as I
missed the whole movement to teaching metric in school.....that came after my
schooling). What puzzles me is Mathew's saying it has a perianth tube,
whereas Köhlein says it has a stem. Can an iris have both a stem and a
perianth tube? Since I grow several pumilas, I thought that a perianth
tube was different. Can anyone out there help me on this? So,
Francesca, I would guess that I. reichenbachii can fall into either MDB or SDB
range, as Mathew does state it varies in height depending on where it


text:
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Photos of Asus VivoBook Flip TP201SA-FV0027D FV0028D N3710 4GB 500GB 11.6 Inch DOS
Technical Specifications of Asus VivoBook Flip TP201SA-FV0027D FV0028D N3710 4GB 500GB 11.6 Inch DOS
|Processor Type
|Intel Processor
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|Display Max. Resolution
|1366 x 768
|Hard Drive Type
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|No Optical Drive
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text:
Gemafood.com is a 4 years old domain, situated in France. The domain is linked to the IP address 18.104.22.168.
It was registered by BORGES António , who can be reached at . Registration details show that it was registered on 30 Dec 2012 through OVH and will expire on 30 Dec 2016.
The site is being served through Apache.


text:
Rest your head on these gorgeous multicoloured Ellyphant patterned pillowcases. Embroidered with halves of oursignature Ellyphant design on the sides so when placing two pillows together they form a whole Ellyphant. This sleep-friendly layout mixes personality with comfort and the luxuriously soft 220 thread count cotton linen will stay soft and smooth for years to come.
Elizabeth Scarlett Ellyphant Multi Pillowcases pair, £35, Elizabeth Scarlett


text: As you may well know, CALI is the largest private investigator association in the world. CALI's combined membership of approximately 1,500 is comprised of Private Investigators and allied professionals throughout California, the United States, and globally. Our website receives over 12,000 unique visits per month, our annual conference attracts in excess of 250 to 300 industry professionals, and our emails are sent to over 4,000 contacts.


text:
How does Forster represent separation in his novel A Passage to India?I would like to know about the real meaning of separation in reference to A Passage to India.
1 Answer | Add Yours
Separation is a powerful theme in Forster's work. The reality is that Forster creates a vision of colonialism that is, by definition, one of separation. The British who settled in India were separated from their own homeland. The Indians who were forced to live under British rule felt separated from their own notion of personal identity, as they were Anglicized in many ways. On a personal level between characters, separation is present between Adela and Ronny, as well as between Mrs. Moore and almost everyone else. Aziz feels that level of separation between first his own sense of self and his culture, and then, as the work progresses, with Fielding. There is a natural separation element present given the fact that India is so far removed from much of the British world, and this only goes to enhance the idea of what it means to be estranged from culture, land, loves, and self.
We've answered 320,004 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
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text:
Chris, maybe you've already answered this but, what is your plan for the
lower part of the UF bed? and what does UF stand for?
----- Original Message -----
From: "Chris Petersen" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
To: <email@example.com>
Sent: Sunday, November 13, 2005 9:53 PM
Subject: RE: [CHAT] Today in the Garden
> I've added some photos that I took today to this album:
> http://snipurl.com/jv38.
> The new daylily bed is in the album along with some fall shots.
> Chris Petersen
> Northport, Long Island, New York
> Zone 7a (Average min temp 50 - 00)
> email@example.com
> My garden: http://photos.yahoo.com/chrispnpt
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
> message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT


text: I just received and downloaded CLIK ART a Broderbund product. 750,000 Images and they download and export nicely and when I imported an image into TLC and removed the white background the white came away smoothly. So far I like. 150,000 images are vector and can be manipulated. I think this is a new product. They also have a box with 950,000 images. Hope this info is useful. Here is a logo I did with one of the images. Blackknight


text:
Analysis of the design-construction supply chain in the thermal performance of sub-tropical and tropical housing
Miller, Wendy F. (2013) Analysis of the design-construction supply chain in the thermal performance of sub-tropical and tropical housing. In Kajewski, Stephen L., Manley, Karen, & Hampson, Keith D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 19th CIB World Building Congress, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, QLD.
Published Version
(PDF 694kB)
Background: In sub-tropical and tropical Queensland, a legacy of poor housing design,minimal building regulations with few compliance measures, an absence of post-construction performance evaluation and various social and market factors has led to a high and growing penetration of, and reliance on, air conditioners to provide thermal comfort for occupants. The pervasive reliance on air conditioners has arguably impacted on building forms, changed cultural expectations of comfort and social practices for achieving comfort, and may have resulted in a loss of skills in designing and constructing high performance building envelopes.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to report on initial outcomes of a project that sought to determine how the predicted building thermal performance of twenty-five houses in subtropical and tropical Queensland compared with objective performance measures and comfort performance as perceived by occupants. The purpose of the project was to shed light on the role of various supply chain agents in the realisation of thermal performance outcomes.
Methodology: The case study methodology embraced a socio-technical approach incorporating building science and sociology. Building simulation was used to model thermal performance under controlled comfort assumptions and adaptive comfort conditions. Actual indoor climate conditions were measured by temperature and relative humidity sensors placed throughout each house, whilst occupants' expectations of thermal comfort and their self-reported behaviours were gathered through semi-structured interviews and periodic comfort surveys. Thermal imaging and air infiltration tests, along with building design documents, were analysed to evaluate the influence of various supply chain agents on the actual performance outcomes.
Results: The results clearly show that in the housing supply chain – from designer to constructor to occupant – there is limited understanding from each agent of their role in contributing to, or inhibiting, occupants' comfort.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads:
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work's files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Conference Paper
|building simulation, housing, post-occupancy evaluation, sub-tropical and tropical climates, thermal comfort
|Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND DESIGN (120000) > BUILDING (120200) > Building Science and Techniques (120202)
|Current > Schools > School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering
Current > Institutes > Institute for Future Environments
Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty
|Copyright Owner:
|Copyright 2013 Wendy Miller
|Deposited On:
|22 Aug 2013 23:10
|Last Modified:
|26 Aug 2013 20:47
Export: EndNote | Dublin Core | BibTeX
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
$ 6657.41 $ 9190.00 Not Available
- Condition:
- New
- Item No.
- 768373
- Mfg Part No.
Product Information for Liebert GXT3-10000RT230 10000 VA Tower/Rack Mountable UPS
Highlights for Liebert GXT3-10000RT230 10000 VA Tower/Rack Mountable UPS
- Load Capacity:10 kVA
- Form Factor:Tower/Rack Mountable
- Product Type:Dual Conversion Online UPS
Marketing Information
Liebert GXT3 UPS meets the need for higher power capacities in small spaces. This true on-line double conversion UPS system is available in 5kVA-10kVA models, and features integrated maintenance bypass, as well as optional extended battery runtime.
Designed for use in either rack or tower configurations, all units offer the smallest available solutions for these power capacities -the5 & 6kVA model in 5U size, or the 10kVA in a 6U package
Physical Characteristics
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Technical Information
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General Information
Physical Characteristics


text:
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text:
The two-time reigning All-Around world champion Kudryavtseva collected crowns in the Hoop, Ball, Clubs and All-Around disciplines. The 17-year-old, who has six other World Championship titles, did not compete in the individual Ribbon event, which was won by Ganna Rizatdinova of Ukraine.
Kudryavtseva collected 75.434 points to win the All-Around title at the meet in Israel, topping an all-Russian podium.
Margarita Mamum claimed the silver medal with 74.534 points and Aleksandra Soldatova was third with 74.083 points.
Kudryavtseva won all three apparatuses with scores topping 19 points. She scored 19.050 on the Hoop, 19.100 on the Ball and 19.200 on Clubs.
Mamun picked up a Hoop silver medal and third places on Clubs and Ribbon while Soldatova collected silver medals on Ball and Ribbon.
Israeli Neta Rivkin, who finished fourth in All-Around, captured two bronze medals, on Hoop and Ball. And the Ribbon winner Rizatdinova added a silver medal on the Clubs.
Kudryavtseva and Mamun have been selected by the Russian Olympic Committee to compete at the Baku 2015 European Games.


text:
High Heat has a built in error that causes more injuries to American League teams. We combat this by cutting all AL injuries in half once a sim is over. In such cases where necessary that number is rounded down (example 13 days down to 6).
Beyond the league controlled cutting of AL injuries we also offer the chance to purchase a team trainer and doctor. A team may buy one of each in the off-season by paying banking points. The cost associated is listed in the off-season banking thread which gets posted in the general section. A team may have only one of each and if unused will carry over from season to season. There is no stockpiling these two upgrades and they can't be traded.
Team trainer: Cost 400 BP
A trainer can be used once and will cut any injury in half. Once used the team will not have another until it purchases one during the off-season.
Team doctor: Cost 1200 BP
A doctor can be used once and completely heals the player it is used on. Once used the team will not have another until it purchases one during the off-season.
Here is the link to the league hospital thread. This thread is where you would post about using one of the two upgrades. You would list which upgrade you are using and what player it is being used on.


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In a message dated 22/07/98 02:13:00 GMT, peri wrote:
<< What can anyone tell my about Reversed?
Reversed is a great hosta but not one of the easiest to grow. I would
recommend growing it on in a pot for a few years, until you have built up the
plant to at least 3 or 4 divisions, then plant it in the ground.
Glen UK
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
7070 Misty Morning Court SE UNIT 34, Caledonia MI, 49316
Sold Price:
4 beds , 2 Full/1 Half baths
1,818 sqft
Status: Closed
Last Updated: 5/24/2017 2:32 AM
Description for 7070 Misty Morning Court SE UNIT 34 Caledonia, MI 49316
Fantastic 4 Bedroom Home Hits the Market in Crystal Springs!!! Interior features include large, inviting living and dining area with cathedral ceilings. Updated kitchen with maple cabinets, new black granite countertops, tile backsplash, ceramic tile flooring, and nice sliders to private back deck and patio area. Second level features Master Suite with cathedral ceilings and large private bath, two additional bedrooms, and one full bath. Lower level family area includes gas log fireplace and sliders to patio. Lower level also includes laundry area, half bath, and oversize closet off the garage entrance. Basement features 4th bedroom and plenty of additional storage space. Home sits on a cul-de sac and features large front and side yard with nice private back yard and garden area!
Sold Price:
Sold Date:05/26/2015
Gaines Twp
2 Full/1 Half
1,818 (approx)
Listing Information
Gaines Twp
Public Sewer
School Information
Room Information
Interior Features
Gas Heat, Forced Air
Basement, Full
Exterior / Lot Features
2 Car Garage
Driving Directions
68th to Crystal View, South to Crystal Springs, West to Misty Morning Ct.
Financial Considerations
Listing Price History
Caledonia Real Estate
Caledonia is located in Michigan. Caledonia, Michigan 49316 has a population of 1,590.
The median household income in Caledonia, Michigan 49316 is $60,673. The median household income for the surrounding county is $52,716 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Caledonia 49316 is 32.8 years.
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Sign in to retrieve a saved callback list.
Scores based on 51 reviews
Invoice history based on 42 reviews.
Celebrating 33 years in Business 1983-2016
Harris & Sandford hold NSI Gold accreditation, the leading regulatory body in the UK. We specialise in the installation & Maintenance of Intruder Alarms, Wireless Intruder Alarms, CCTV, Access Control, Fire Alarms, Fire Extinguishers & Personal emergency systems.
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text:
Atel Atlanta Am Kurfurstendamm
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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TripAdvisor Reviews Atel Atlanta Am Kurfurstendamm Berlin
Travel Blogs from Berlin
... for holiday :) It was SO amazing getting to spend time with one of my children again, and made me truly look forward to again having a classroom. Charlotte, Marissa (her mother) and I had breakfast together, then went to the playground. There I pushed Charlotte on the swings while Marissa checked out a stationary shop. It was so perfect. We then walked around a bit and parted ways. Absolutely lovely. I headed back to the hostel to meet up with Winston, ...
Everything is closed on Sunday
We woke up armed with sunscreen and water bottles to beat the heat. Our plan was to make our way to the DDR museum by stopping in air conditioned shops along the way for coming breaks. However it turns out that it is a German law that shops must be closed on Sunday's to promote family time at home. Which is a nice sentiment but it put locked doors between us and the air conditioning. Luckily ...
Walking through German history
... memorial we had just walked through to the parking lot really said a lot about where Germany is today. I know, a lot of history, but we found it so fascinating and all the more to actually be standing at the sights of the events. So next piece of history along our walk was the Berlin Wall. There are actually pieces of it all around the city. But we walked by a piece that was in its original location. Again being selective with what stories I share on here, I will ...
Our Parents Crashed Our Honeymoon
... quickly noticed all of the different shrines that lined the exterior walls and of course continued down into the crypt. There were far too many to count but it was obvious that those enshrined at York Minster ranged from influential members of the community and local nobility to prominent clergy and even a saint (St. William of York is buried there). It was very interesting to see the wide variety of these shrines some of which were simple and understated while others were ...
... the ground getting deeper and the stone shapes getting taller the farther you moved towards the centre. It was eerie walking through the memorial knowing that it represented six million murdered humans. Next in significant contrast we went to the site of Hitler's bunker which is now a car park, offering no indication of what lies below. Our tour guide told us that once the location of Hilter's remains were revealed by the Soviets they were cremated and flushed out to ...


text:
Jadia: Too Many Minds
Physically Jadia was exhausted. She'd never run so fast after anyone, let alone a guy, and she'd never been around so many active and special minds. When the new guy froze the floor with ice, they all slipped but it was only Jadia who fell over. She barely had any more physical strength to run so far. Luckily there was just about enough mental power for Jadia to take a shortcut through (what looked like) a dining room and catch up with ice-boy. Trying to swerve her, he ran straight into the white-washed wall beside the door that Jadia had appeared from.
Cute. But mixed up. I can tell from what I can sense from his mind…Or he's confused like the rest of us…
"The name's Kevin." Kevin finally introduced himself, just before Linsey starting shouting her head off. Jadia hated shouting; for one thing it gave her a headache, for another, it wasn't very nice.
"Whoever wants to learn to win, come with me," was the final thing Jadia heard before Linsey stormed out. She would have followed but she had a headache and was exhausted. Collapsing by Kevin-who was gingerly touching his injured noise-she let out a loud sigh.
"Why are we here?" Jadia practically whispered. Kevin side-glanced at her.
"Don't ask me…"
Jadia frowned, "I'm sorry, I wasn't…"
"What's wrong?"
"Nothing. It's just…I'm not used to all this work. They run everywhere, but never give me a chance to rest…I'm sorry, this is all silly."
Jadia used the wall to heave herself back up, as Sapphire and Kate poked their heads back in.
"Come on J, we found a 'conference room'-type place. You wanna fight, don't you?"
"Yeah. We also found a kitchen!" Kate was happily munching on a deep red apple. Then they both were gone, leaving Jadia standing in the middle of the corridor.
"You see what I mean!" She said angrily; she was almost in tears.
Just before she left, Jadia remembered that Kevin was probably still in pain.
"Hey, do you need any help? I'm sure I could find a medical room somewhere around here…At least, I hope I might still have it in me…"


text:
Author's Note – an attempt at direct comedy…not sure how I feel about this one, but wanted to try! Disclaimer – Again, I don't own HP.
They just needed fifteen minutes. That was all they needed to set up a wonderful prank on Percy. However, to get that kind of time, they were going to have to distract Professor McGonagall.
"She'll hear us."
"Percy's room is just on the other side of the wall."
"We need a distraction."
"What about…"
"No, did that…"
Finally, George snapped his fingers.
"Got it! She spends her rest period…"
"In cat form! Of course, why…"
"Didn't we…"
"Think of that…"
With a quick change of direction, a pair of redheaded, chaos-inducing twins rushed back up to their room.
An hour or so later, they crept down the stairs, eyes glued to the map in front of them.
"Okay, she's…"
"Napping. Time to…"
"Put our plan…"
"Into play."
Casting a silencing spell on the door, Fred eased it open and George bent down and released a mouse into the office. Carefully shutting the door, they exchanged high-fives and wicked grins before sprinting off to prank their elder brother's room.
Inside the office, a squeaking noise woke the small grey cat. Sharp eyes with dark spectacle markings peered around trying to pinpoint the noise. Finally, her eyes caught the movement of the small white creature. Stretching, she stood up. Planning to transform back into her human self and use magic to catch it, she jumped down to the floor. Before she could change, her sensitive nose caught a unique fragrance in the air. It was coming from the mouse. As the scent hit her nose and registered in her mind, all of her thoughts went blank.
Her mind empty of everything except the intoxicating smell, she proceeded to chase the mouse all over her office. Papers went flying and lamps were knocked over. In addition, curtains were torn and the upholstery might never be the same again. Finally just as cornered the creature and went to catch him in her jaws, the scent charm wore off.
What in Merlin's name am I doing?
Transforming into a stern-faced woman, Professor McGonagall stared down and drew her wand. Casting a quick revealing spell, she could clearly see the faces of her two most troublesome students. With a sharp inhale, she pivoted on one foot and stormed out of her office.
At that moment, the two twins were jostling down the staircase into the common room. As they joked and laughed over the great prank they had just set up for their brother, they failed to notice the stormy eyed professor waiting for them. At the last moment, Fred spotted her and stopped, his face going pale. George closed his eyes for a long moment before turning his head to peer over his shoulder.
A frosty look met his gaze and a single finger gestured both of them to stand in front of her. As they took their places, they remained uncharacteristically silent. McGonagall took a deep breath. However, she could not seem to decide which one of them she wanted to start in on first. With a huff, she reached up and grabbed one ear on each of them and began pulling them down the hall to her office.
"Detention for both of you!"
They did not try to struggle, and allowed themselves to be dragged off. Fred looked at his twin.
"It seemed like a good idea at the time."


text:
Washington, Aug 14 : After singing and acting, Britney Spears is now planning to bring out her own designer range.
The singer - currently plotting a career comeback after a troubled 2007 and 2008 - is currently in talks to create her own designs.
"We're looking into it. It could happen. Probably women's clothes first and then go into children," Contactmusic quoted her as telling OK! Magazine.
She also revealed that she wants her range to have a vintage feel.
"I'd probably come up with the themes, like an '80s line," she added.


text:
Aire Barrel Pump - 4 in - $179.95
The AIRE 4in Barrel Pump packs a punch. This durable 4in-diameter pump inflates even the largest raft with ease. A typical situation: it's 80 degrees on the shore when you fill your boat with air, while the water is a rather chilly 55 degrees. Your boat is in for an embarrassing surpriseshrinkage. Bring along the AIRE 4in Barrel Pump to keep your boat drum tight and maneuverable on the water. - $179.95


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text: Recently upgraded to Windows 7 Build 7100 from Windows Vista. I have a Toshiba U400-108 laptop (PSU40E-009005EN) with HDMI out, however when I connect this to my LCD via an HDMI cable there is picture but no sound. I have tried unistalling the Intel(R) High Definition Audio HDMI and the Conexant HD SmartAudio 221 and reinstalling the drivers (although Windows installed Microsoft's own HD Audio driver and not the Conexant one) but still having no luck with sound through the HDMI cable. Can anyone shed any light on this? Thank you so much in advance!


text:
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A PurposeMature
Jim, who was the embodiment of a one man army, pulled the three kids away from the group of people. They were huddled at the door of the church, trying to gain entrance. Well, that was obvious. What wasn't obvious was his next step. He needed to enter the church another way. Then it hit him.
"We'll go through the catacombs!" Jim said once the group was away from the others. Dre looked at him with a blank expression that seemed to say, "It had to be the catacombs!" Charlie and Dre just nodded and waited for him to lead them. Jim sighed and laughed. After being the enthusiastic weapons collector for so long, he had forgotten what it meant to be in a group, let alone lead one.
"Come on, let's head out!" He called, hefting his spear. The weapons he had packed on his body clanked around. On instinct, he summed up all they were carrying. Jim had on him 3 .45 caliber pistols in his belt, an AK-47 with two clips on his back, a greatsword also on his back, two short swords on each hip, a dozen knives in sheathes and in his pockets, and his spear that he used as a walking stick currently. Terst carried three more pistols, one of them being the D. Eagle that Jim remembered ordering months back, three longswords on his back, a bow in one hand, with arrows attached to it, his own collection of knives placed in several pockets, and an ax that he carried in his other hand. Dre carried a pickax, but nothing else.
It was a mass amount of weapons, but still not enough in Jim's opinion. He was pulled away from the thought by the entrance of the catacombs coming into veiw. It was a guest entrance for people to come and visit their dead. The church had gotten annoyed with people having to go through the church to visit the catacombs, so they made this passage.
Unluckily for the group, several of the walking dead were standing around the entrance. "Don't use the guns," he told Terst. He jogged forward ahead of the group, throwing the spear into the air. Despite the heavy load on his body weighing him down, Jim still managed to hit the closest corpse in the head. He tossed a shortsword, with its sheath still on, to Charlie, who fumbled it before actually grabbing it, then ran at the corpse with his spear in it.
Pulling the spear from the ashes that now remained, Jim ran toward his next target. It seemed like his training would pay off. He had never expected to, really, but was excited that it actually had. Hours of time and thousands of dollars invested in trainers now was going to save his life and possibly others lives.
It was almost enough to make him laugh.


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City Clerk
Jeanne Donaldson
Elected November 8, 2016 (first elected term)
Current Term 2016 – 2020
Address: 35 Cajon Street, Suite 4, Redlands, CA 92373
Phone: 909-798-7531
Fax: 909-798-7535
Email: email@example.com
Redlands Municipal Code | Election Information |
Statements of Economic Interest
University of California at Riverside – Bachelor's degree in Sociology
Marketing Manager/Executive Assistant, Medical Real Estate Development
Administrative Assistant, UC Riverside
Sales Representative, L'Oreal
- Single
- One Daughter, Lauren and one son, David
- Resident of Redlands since 1968
The City Clerk is one of the oldest professions in government. The office can be traced to biblical times and even before. Ancient Greece had a city secretary who read official documents publicly. At the opening of a meeting, one of his duties was to read a curse upon anyone who should seek to deceive the people.
The early keepers of the archives were often called remembrances and before writing came into use, their memory was the public record. The office of clerk can be traced back to the year 1272 AD in the History of the Corporation of Old London.
When early colonists came to America, they set up forms of local government to which they had been accustomed, and the office of clerk was one of the first established. The colony at Plymouth appointed a person to act as a recorder.
Over the years, municipal clerks have become the hub of government - the direct link between the inhabitants of their towns and their government. The clerk is the historian of the community; the entire recorded history of the town and its people is in the clerk's care.
In Redlands, the City Clerk is an elected official and is responsible directly to the voters. Deputies may be appointed by the City Clerk and shall hold office at the pleasure of the City Clerk. The City Clerk serves the City Council, the City Manager, and all administrative departments.
The department keeps an accurate record of the proceedings of the City Council and the Board of Directors of the Redevelopment Agency and a comprehensive general index. The Clerk's Office is also responsible for keeping an accurate record of all City ordinances and resolutions; attests, publishes, and preserves an accurate record of all City ordinances and resolutions; is the custodian of the City Seal; maintains files of City contracts, agreements, and deeds; and administers oaths, affirmations and acknowledgments.
The City Clerk's Office seeks to provide the best possible service to our customers. We strive to provide information and hearing notices to City staff, other public agencies, and the public; legislative support to the Mayor and City Council; election support to officeholders and candidates; and records management services to City staff accurately, promptly, efficiently, and in a friendly and helpful manner. We seek to make every contact with our customers a positive and rewarding one and to be sensitive and responsive to their needs.
- Strive constantly to improve the administration of the affairs of the office consistent with applicable laws and through sound management practices to produce continued progress and fulfill the responsibility to the community and others.
- Coordinate legal publications and notices or ordinances, resolutions, and public hearings.
- Provide administrative support to the City Council
- Disseminate information relative to City Council actions to appropriate parties
- Custodian of the City's vital records from 1888-1964
- Responsible for conducting general municipal and special elections in accordance with the California Elections Code - coordinate ballot measures, arguments and impartial analysis
- Act as Financial Disclosure Officer for Conflict of Interest filings for Members of the City Council, City Manager, Planning Commissioners, City Attorney, City Treasurer, and designated City employees
- Assist the County Registrar of Voters during primary and general elections
- Prepare ordinances and resolutions and maintain the Redlands Municipal Code
- Research and disseminate City records as necessary
- Advertise, receive and open bids for public works projects
- Process annexation, improvement district proceedings, and street vacations
- Acts a City archivist and historian relating to official acts
- Maintain an open, diplomatic and neutral relationship with news media which includes the press, radio, and television
- Answer citizens inquiries by telephone and in person
- Act as Secretary for the Redevelopment Agency Board of Directors
- Follow legal procedures for noticing regular, adjourned and special meetings of the City Council and Redevelopment Agency
- Prepare and administer Clerk's Office budget
- Interpret laws of City and State
- Manage "boutique" of City memorabilia


text:
Coaster 950079
950079 Accent Cabinets 2 Door Cappuccino Accent Cabinet with Brass Handle
Quick Specs: View More
- Series: Accent Cabinets
- Width: 16"
- Height: 34.5"
- Depth: 32"
- Style: Traditional
- Type: Freestanding
- Color: Cappuccino
Simple with a touch of sophistication, this accent cabinet is an easy way to add a stylish design to your home. Finished in a rich cappuccino, this cabinet is lifted on tapered feet with a transitional styling. Two doors conceal convenient storage space for living accessories or unsightly items. Central to its design is a beautiful brass handle that adds just the right touch of detail to spice up the cabinet. Perfect for a living room or hallway. Available at AppliancesConnection
Every home needs that unique, accent piece that will draw the eye of anyone who enters the room. This accent cabinet collection provides you with a variety of occasional cabinet and end tables that will be both functional and stylish. With styles ranging from traditional to contemporary and different shapes, sizes and finishes, you are sure to find something that will fit your personal tastes and compliment your home beautifully.
- Transitional Styling Tapered Feet
- Two Accent Doors
- Brass Handle
Width (side to side): 16" W
Height (bottom to top): 34.5" H
Depth (front to back): 32" D
Material & Finish
Composition: Wood Veneers & Solids
Style Elements
Style: Traditional
Storage & Features
Storage: Two Doors
Shelves & Doors: 2 Doors
Composition & Warranty
Warranty: 1 year limited warranty
Origin: Made In the USA
- Brand:Coaster
- Stock Id:290512
- Product Number:950079
- Series:Accent Cabinets
- Style:Traditional
- Type:Freestanding
- Construction:Wood
- Number of Doors:2
- Width:16"
- Depth:32"
- Height:34.5"
- Color:Cappuccino
- Warranty Terms:1 Year
- Weight:74.80 lbs


text:
CANADA STOCKS-TSX sags 4 pct, Canadian Natural weighs
* Energy issues lead index lower, oil below $61
* Canadian Natural falls 12 pct as project costs rise
* Rate cuts overseas fail to buoy sentiment
TORONTO, Nov 6 (Reuters) - The Toronto Stock Exchange's main index .GSPTSE sank 3.7 percent on Thursday morning as energy issues fell along with the price of oil, and as interest rate cuts overseas failed to buoy investor sentiment.
The oil and gas sector dropped 6.6 percent as the price of oil accelerated lower to around $61 a barrel after the Bank of England cut its main interest rate by an unprecedented 150 basis points. European Central Bank and Swiss rates were also chopped on Thursday. [ID:nSYD166191]
Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ.TO: Quote) was among the top net decliners, falling 12.1 percent to C$53.12 as its quarterly profit quadrupled on the back of higher oil prices but it said that costs for its big Horizon oil sands project are rising. [ID:nBNG401176]
The materials group was pulled 6.7 percent lower even as commodity prices firmed, including gold XAU=, which rose to session highs [ID:nL652768].
Fears that demand for commodities is slowing due to a faltering world economy have pressured resource issues lower in recent months.
Kinross Gold (K.TO: Quote) lost 2.2 percent as its profit jumped 64 percent on stronger gold prices and higher production, while Iamgold (IMG.TO: Quote) fell 2.5 percent as it reported a decrease in quarterly results. Continued...


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
5/3 BankInternet USA
5/3 Bank Deposit Float Internet
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
5/3 Bank desided last friday that it want,s to float my pay check that was deposited? For over 3 years that I banked with them my Friday pay check was available to me the next day. so years after years, months after months my pay check was available next morning. keep in mind nothing changed same pay check comming from a big bank(wells Fargo) nothing changed except this friday they decided they will "float" it.
No explanation no worning no real reason given to me.. explained that they just can do that??? ow well sucks for me.. Now it is monday have auto payments com ming out overnight my husband could not use money this money for our bussiness and well he will not be able to use it on tuesday either since money will only become available after 9AM and he needs it at 6AM we lost 2 days of making money.. 5/3 answear is ow well sorry just happens!!! I am
waiting for all my overdraft fees to show up tommorow cant wait in both checking and bissness accounts. 5/3 SUCKS i AM MOVING TO WELLS FARGO , dont forget the $11.00 they charge monthly on account and $4.00 on Debit card fee... Wells Fargo is FREEEEEEEEEEE. Please stay away from 5/3 The worst bank ever...
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/20/2013 01:07 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/53-bank/internet/53-bank-deposit-float-internet-1052394. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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#1 General Comment
Sounds like...
SUBMITTED: Monday, May 20, 2013POSTED: Monday, May 20, 2013
you missed the cutoff time for same day deposit. This would make the deposit effective Monday. You should know about cutoff time since you work for a bank. The big question is why aren't you using direct deposit?
Sounds like an advertisement for your current employer but put their name in the search box here. You'll find they have plenty of complaints.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


text: Udemy - Communication Skills: Become A Superstar Communicator WEBRip | MP4/AVC, ~1943 kb/s | 1280 x 720 | English: AAC, 63.9 kb/s (2 ch), 48.0 KHz | 4.69 GB Genre: Personal Development / Influence | Language: English | +Project Files "Win Friends and Enlarge Your Social Circles With This Complete Guide To Transforming Your Communication Skills. Communication is a critical skill for almost everything we do. Whether you're speaking to another person, addressing a group or even giving a formal presentation, confident communicators will often enjoy more fulfilling relationships with others." Effective communication is a key interpersonal skill and by learning how to continuously improve ourselves in this area, you can expect an unlimited range of long term benefits. Throughout the course you will learn how to: Communicate your message with more clarity, emphasis and persuasion. Make your communications more specific. Use negativity and rejection to your advantage. Communicate your own goals more concisely with other people. Ask more effective questions that earn better responses. Speak in more engaging and optimistic terms. Give constructive feedback that earns you greater respect. Seek solutions to problems and be of greater value to others. Express your ideas and opinions with far greater confidence. Distinguish between 'facts', 'feelings', 'opinions' and 'Truth' When we become competent communicators, we see improvements in the effectiveness of almost everything that we do. This enjoyably engaging course presents a wide range of key communication principles that will allow you to begin communicating more clearly and confidently throughout all areas of your life. You will discover new strategies more effective listening, for asking more insightful questions and also for interpreting the non-verbal signals of others. Upon completion, you'll have all the insights you need for communicating with more clarity, confidence and persuasiveness. What am I going to get from this course? Over 63 lectures and 5.5 hours of content! Communicate a message in a way that is clear, concise and embraced by others. Fully understand and connect with other people in more effective ways. Transfer your ideas, information and emotions into the minds of others, without any errors. Get the best possible results from interviews, discussions and important meetings of all kinds. Avoid the pitfalls and costs of badly worded messages and unnecessary mis-understandings. Present information in a way that it's meaning can be clearly understood by others. Ask more effective questions that provoke honest and more truthful responses. Communicate to others with more clarity, confidence and persuasiveness. Understand how to communicate better and also recognise why some communication breaks down. Curriculum Section 1: Become A Highly Confident Super-Communicator Lecture 1 Introducing The Course 04:01 Effective communication skills play a crucial role to becoming successful in virtually every area of life. Most jobs require strong communication skills, and strong communicators will often enjoy more fulfilling relationships with others. It is a key interpersonal skill and by learning how to continuously improve ourselves in this area, you can expect an unlimited range of long term benefits.Throughout the course you will learn how to: Communicate your message with more clarity, emphasis and persuasion. Make your communications more specific. Use negativity and rejection to your advantage. Communicate your own goals more concisely with other people. Ask more effective questions that earn better responses. Speak in more engaging and optimistic terms. Give constructive feedback that earns you greater respect. Seek solutions to problems and be of greater value to others. Express your ideas and opinions with far greater confidence. Distinguish between 'facts', 'feelings', 'opinions' and 'Truth' Being able to get your message across is an essential skill for all of us to develop. This high impact course presents a range of key communication principles that will enable you to communicate more clearly and confidently. You will discover new strategies more effective listening, for asking more insightful questions and also for interpreting the non-verbal signals of others. Upon completion, you'll have all the insights you need for communicating with more clarity, confidence and persuasiveness. Lecture 2 The Basics: The 3 Commandments of Super Communications 06:13 Communication is a critical skill for almost everything we do. Whether you're speaking to another person or to a group, giving a formal presentation, you're putting your communication skills to work. And rightly or wrongly, your arguments and ideas have a much greater impact if they're presented well than if they're presented poorly. Poor communication makes an impact - but not the impact that was hoped for! No matter how good we are - or think we are - at communicating, most of us can benefit from paying regular attention to this. When we keep our communication skills in absolutely tip top condition, we see improvements in the effectiveness of almost everything we do. Lecture 3 Defining Superficiality 02:13 Most of us will spend our lives on the surface of things. We'll go miles long but only inches deep. This is easy to do. I find myself doing it all the time. Checking Twitter instead of reading. Watching some Netflix instead of engaging in conversation with my wife. And that's how most of us go through life. We exercise our brains for work or school perhaps, but rarely in the context of our interactions with others. Superficiality has been referred to as the 'curse of our age'. Peoples greatest need today isn't for more intelligent people or talented people, but it is for deep people. Intelligence surrounds us. Knowledge is readily available to more people than ever in history. However, few people choose to go miles deep and inches long. Lecture 4 Self Awareness: Getting In The 'Know' 07:43 In this lecture we'll look at getting to know ourselves slightly better before we begin to consider communicationg more effectively with others. Lecture 5 Brick Walls: Recognising Communication Barriers Preview 05:50 There are many reasons why interpersonal communications may fail. In many communications, the message (what is said) may not be received exactly the way the sender intended. It is, therefore, important that the communicator seeks feedback to check that their message is clearly understood. In this lecture we will explore the greatest barrier to effective communications and how we can address this efficiently and with relative ease. Lecture 6 Hearing V's Listening Preview 04:59 Learn to Listen Listening is not the same as hearing; learn to listen not only to the words being spoken but how they are being spoken and the non-verbal messages sent with them. Use the techniques of clarification and reflection to confirm what the other person has said and avoid any confusion. Try not to think about what to say next whilst listening; instead clear your mind and focus on the message being received. Your friends, colleagues and other acquaintances will appreciate good listening skills. Quiz 1 Listening Skills Quiz 7 questions Section 2: The Prerequisites For Open Communications Lecture 7 The Art of Mind Control Preview 05:30 As it happens, mind control is possible. Sort of. No, you can't turn your customers, partners, and in-laws into mindless zombies, but you can influence them. In fact, there's a science to it! Lecture 8 WORKSHEET 1: Self Assessment 1 page Before you move on in the course, take some time and write down the ways in which you would like to improve your communications and interactions with other people. For example, what are some situations that you would like to change with a new set of communication skills? In this exercise, try to find 10 different situations in your life where more effective communication skills might start to come in useful: Lecture 9 Body Language & Self Image 06:01 Non-verbal communication is often subtle which can include body language, tonality & even self image. In this video we'll discuss why non-verbal communication is so important. Lecture 10 Breaking Down Our Communications 01:55 In this video we'll break down exactly what healthy communications are - and also what they're not! Did you know that Communication is: 7% WORDS (What You Say) 38% TONALITY (How You Say it) 55% PHYSIOLOGY (How You Conduct Yourself) So, in order to give ourselves the best possible chance of being acknowledged by others ... let's quickly address our Physiology! Lecture 11 Operation: Heart and Minds 05:57 Winning hearts and minds is a concept occasionally expressed in the resolution of war, insurgency, and other conflicts, in which one side seeks to prevail not by the use of superior force, but by making emotional or intellectual appeals to sway supporters of the other side. Both the British & American forces applied operation hearts and minds during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The belief behind this operation was that 'If you can win over people's hearts, they will freely give you their minds'. If we consider this 'hearts and minds' approach to communicating in the context of our relationships, you might be able to see that people do not always want to be engaged with on an intellectual level (their minds), but are often more receptive to being engaged with on an emotional level (hearts). Lecture 12 WORKSHEET 2: Learning From The Past 1 page Think of one or more conversations in your life that went badly. Imagine how the conversations might have gone better if you'd known how to action more active & responsive listening. In this exercise, use the space below to write down an alternative version of how this conversation could have went. 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text:
Leonid Krasnopolkshy didn't grow up Jewish. In Soviet-run eastern Ukraine, religion was something his family found it easier to forget about. It wasn't until 10 years ago that the tailor and fashion blogger decided to embrace his history and join Donetsk's 15,000-strong Jewish community.
Today that's a decision that's putting him at risk. "I am scared just to walk down the street," he said. "Earlier this place was quiet and safe but now the level of crime and the number of crimes have increased. This situation is very similar to the situation in the Balkans before civil war."
Krasnopolkshy says he has contemplated moving elsewhere but explains that it's not a decision that can be undertaken lightly. "It's easy to say you will leave," he said. "But it's not so easy to leave your flat, your family, your place here."
Donetsk has historically been a cosmopolitan city. Founded in the mid-19th century by an entrepreneurial Welshman, it is today home to large communities of Jews, Greeks, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Georgians and Tatars. But many minorities in the city today say they feel under threat and have considered leaving.
On Tuesday, the United Nations refugee agency reported that the situation in Ukraine had left an estimated 10,000 people displaced and that this number was set to rise. Adrian Edwards, a spokesman for the agency, said in a press release that displaced people cited fear of persecution because of ethnicity or religious beliefs.
There have already been some alarming developments. When pro-Russian separatists first took control of Donetsk, leaflets purporting to be from the separatist authorities were distributed telling Jewish people to register themselves as Jewish and pay a special tax.
The Jewish community is tense. Both the synagogue and Jewish cultural centre are guarded by jumpy armed men from a private security company.
Ukrainian Jews have often been persecuted. Before the Second World War, they were the largest minority in this area, making up a little under a third of Ukraine's urban populations and numbering almost three million. Persecution and emigration over the past century have brought their numbers down to fewer than 70,000 today. On Friday, The Times of Israel reported a significant increase in the number of Ukrainian Jews from Ukraine applying to emigrate to Israel.
Another minority group fearful of the future here is the Tatars, a Muslim group that has lived in the area for hundreds of years. Tatars living in Crimea experienced extreme persecution under Soviet rule. In 1944, Stalin deported the entire Tatar population, some 200,000 men, women and children, from the Crimean peninsula to Siberia and central Asia. Almost half died en route or shortly after their arrival. The surviving families were only allowed to return to Crimea in the late 1980s.
Tatars in Donetsk said they were keen for the region to remain part of Ukraine. "If you compare Russia and Ukraine, the situation is much better here. We have far more rights here," explained Sheikh Said Ismagilov, the mufti of Donetsk's Tartar community at his mosque on the outskirts of Donetsk. "It's always been very peaceful here. People are very tolerant towards Muslims. Here in Ukraine we can build new mosques."
He spoke warily of reports from Russia of mosque building being prohibited and translation of the Koran banned. "They are not tolerant to Muslims because of two Chechen wars. Muslims there are very often associated with the terrorists."
Since the Crimean peninsula was annexed by Russia in March, there have been reports of repression by the new authorities there. On Sunday, rallies to mark the 70th anniversary of the mass deportations were disrupted by military helicopters swooping low over the crowd.
"It's less than two months since Russia annexed Crimea," said Ismagilov "but already they don't allow Crimean Tatars to make this rally just to remember those who died. This is a very sad moment."
Despite his fears about the community in Crimea, no one has left the Donetsk Tatar community yet. He remains optimistic: "We still hope that Ukraine and the Ukrainian government will manage to control the situation and everything will be OK here."
However, there are reports of attacks on more vulnerable and less visible minorities here. People spoke of the Roma living around the city having their homes raided.
There is concern also over the 2,000-strong community of Meskhetian Turks who came to Ukraine in the 1990s following persecution in the Soviet Union. At the campus of the medical university in Donetsk on Monday, African and Arab students said that they would return home before the end of the week.
At the city's central market, Azerbaijani tradesmen were still selling food. Alexander, 31, said he had considered leaving but feared it would be too expensive to move his four children. Another Azerbaijani stall-owner, Timur, was dismissive of the situation. "This is just politics," he said. Asked what he wanted he said: "Just peace."Reuse content