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October 31, 1959
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Saturday, October 31, 1959
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Friday, October 30, 1959
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Monday, November 2, 1959
Press Telegram
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Long Beach, California
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Press-Telegram (Newspaper) - October 31, 1959, Long Beach, California AIRLINER HUNTED. 27 FEARED DEAD K in Mild Talk Galls for Early Summit Meeting MOSCOW S. Khrushchev said today that President Eisenhower and British Prime Minister Macmillan agreed with him that there should be a summit conference "the sooner the better." In a major foreign policy speech before the rubber- stamp Soviet Parliament, Khrushchev made no direct reference to French President de Gaulle's suggestion the conference be held off until spring. But the Soviet leader pre- 1 dieted that his forthcoming visit to France would be use- ful for France, for Russia anc for world Peacc- Wearing a gray suit with his usual medals, Khrushchev was wildly cheered in his The Southland's Finest Evening Newspaper LONG BEACH 12, CALIF., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 20 PAGES PRICE 10 CENTS TELEPHONE HE 5-1161 Vol. 23 ______ CLASSIFIED BE 2-5930 E EDITION (Six Editions Daily) Forest Fires Over State Areas Flames Fanned Out of Control by Winds-for 2 Days Fire Rips L B. Shell Oil Co. Plane Checks In by Radio, ars 1-hour 41-minute speech covering the whole interna- tional range. Bv the Associated Press A score of fires, fanned byiimportant AMONG the major points he made were: 1. Disarmament is the most problem of the two days of high winds, Present da.V and its settle- burned over wide areas of ment whether there Northern California todayH11 be war or Peace- Russia with the largest still out comPletc disarmament controi. but it is willing to consider other proposals. 2. The Soviet Union sup- Rangers said hopes of con troling two blazes in El Dorado National Forest depended on the winds, which started some of the fires in the first place by blowing down power lines and fanning sparks from brush piles. The National Forest Serv- ice had 900 men fighting three ports Red China's determina- tion to take Formosa "until the question is solved." 3. "We regret the incidents on the Indian-Chinese fron- tier, especially where they involved casualties and we hope they will not be re- peated. We hope the difficul ties will be solved by negotia- big blazes in El Dorado Na tiorial Forest alone. THE BIGGEST were 4. His visit to the United acres at Ice House Reservoir; States convinced him the ma- 27 miles northeast of Placer- jjority of Americans do not ville, and another acres want war and he feels they at. Jay Bird power site 17 miles southwest of the Mother Lode town. A third fire of acres was burning east of Jackson on the Kit Carson Pass road near Silver Lake. Ranger E. H. Ellison at (Continued Page A-3, Col. 5) NIP i m.. 111 IIJWM.T.I i mi i.........j, i, ,...i mi ff-fsswwgw? SAvw LONG BEACH FIREMEN battle on roof to contain blaze at Shell Oil division headquarters at 2080 Obispo Avc. Flames caused an 80 per cent loss to the main part of the building, and senfup a cloud of smoke. Another photo Page B-l. (Staff Photo) under control today unless the wind, dropped. THE STATE Highway De- partment closed U. S. High- way 40 over the Sierras be- tween Dutch Flat and Gold Run, detouring traffic through Grass Valley, be- cause of a small but menac- ing fire which forced thej evacuation of Dutch Flat. In tinder-dry Napa County, six fires broke out Friday afternoon, most of them set by wind-felled power lines. One, of only 40 acres, burned three homes and sev- en other structures near Cali- stpga, including an aban- doned winery. It blazed for Confablke May Seek Law fear Loss ilke's Health to Be Told Curb strike Barring Bronchitis today an announcement of de-; tails regarding the conference1 will be made Sunday at noon. THE WESTERN summit conference will bring together across a geyser at the out- skirts of town and threatened the resort community of people before it was put un- der control. Winds Due to Fade in Southland Gusty winds are due to diminish tonight and Sunday after pummeling the South-; land Thursday and Friday. WASHINGTON The Western Big Four will an- nounce their plans for a pre- summit meeting. The con- ference reportedly will be, held in Paris, starting about! Dec. 19. I White House Press Secre- tary James C. Hagcrty PEBBLE BEACH the steel strikers are sent back to work by a Taft-Hartley injunction the government is determined to keep them there by leg- islation if necessary 24 Congo says Secretary of Commerce Frederick H. Mueller. The secretary disclosed this administration stand to re- porters after reviewing the in ff i By BILL HUNTER BJ HILL HUMLR Barring Bronchitis WASHINGTON Eisenhower to- day was pronounced as being in "an excellent state of health" with the exception of mild chronic bronchitis The medical bulletin was: and A two-alarm fire at dawn issued shortly after the Presi-l Today's destroyed the main section smiling Shell Oil Co.'s Los Basin Division good Walter Reed Army following bulletin, after Eisenhower re- to the White Virginia Ground and Air Search Unsuccessful CHARLOTTES VILLE, Va. twin-engine airliner with 27 persons aboard dis- appeared Friday night five minutes before it was to make a routine landing at this city in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. By 1 p.m. searchers said it was obvious the Piedmont Airlines DCS had gone down shortly after receiving landing instructions. Two Army and one Air Force helicopter, a Piedmont plane and several private planes took off as the skies began clearing. All returned and reported no results in the search. A ground search party also reported negative results. z SEVERAL HUNDRED searchers plodded through muck and dripping under- brush trying to find a trace of the plane. An earlier report that what might be the wreck- age was spotted on nearby Piney Mountain was declared erroneous. State police and Civil Air Patrol spokesmen said some- thing was spotted on the mountain, but that it was not the missing plane. j A drizzle, fog and mist j hampered search from the air. The plane, en route from Washington to Roanoke, Va.. checked in with the local air- port tower at p.m. and received landing instructions. That was the final word. The (airliner had fuel to last only until 11 p.m. THE PLANE'S crew mem- Lavrinc, 32, of Alex- andria, Va., the pilot; Lee Haley, 27, of Falls Church, Va., the first officer, and George Hicks, 20, the purser, (Continued Page A-3, Col. 4) Texan, 20, Quits U.S. ui LX.I 11> vib w ing LI 1C "Mjiii xsiviajuii ilUnUUUal LUIS j LIT j 'impact of the 109-day Long Beach today. days of a head-to-toe Rioting LEOPOLDVILLE, Belgian down with his visory Council in closed ses- jsions here Friday. President David J. McDon- ald of the United Steelwork- ione lannual Rioting na 1 r> Vtji 1) rUUUIllJ Charles De stirred up by a speech IVriintr-trt.. II__] J demanding independence British Prime Minister liar old Macmillan and West Ger- many's Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. At the meeting, Eisenhower and the three western Euro- pean leaders will attempt to coordinate their positions in advance of any East-West summit conference with So- jviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush- chev. from Belgium battled police in Stanleyville today and au- thorities rushed reinforce- menls to the area. Reports reaching here said at least 24 Africans had been killed and 100 injured. The toll was expected to higher. Shell officials said produc tion records for the entire] THE BULLETIN was signed; 1958, except for the mention Los Angeles basin arc kept MaJ- Gen. Howard M. Sny-jof bronchitis. Eisenhower the two-story frame the white House physi-jhimself had said earlier he aid of the United Steelwork- at 2080 Obispo Ave. No offi- clan. and Lt. Gen. Leonard suffering from bronchitis ers has given notice that, if cial estimate of the loss was Heaton. surgeon general ofi the union loses its available. i the Army. COUrt nOClitlCt _ MOSCOW 20-yea, _ -yea, I _ checkup m October old Texan strode into the Court fight against issuance! of the 80-day injunction, his men will walk out again when the court order expires. A MID-WINTER resump- tion of the strike would so disrupt the economy, Mueller said, that he was "very sure" week, Eisenhower said "we ICV. At a news conference last President Eisenhower would recommend action by Con- Stanleyville is about 730 (Continued Page A-3, Col 1) The Cent HE SAID THAT the bron- their records. A Shell spokesman 'Destruction of records was held to a minimum by efforts! of fire department salvage! was 80 per' As tlle President left thejchilis had complicated a per- but Shell 5aid tne re-sistent cold which has been lingering since September. To attack this situation, the President apparently plans to seek out warm weather again shortly. uj x.u tJllVJll Will- were more concerned isls of tlle examinations the possible loss ofiWere "the best we ever nilcl-" enthusiastically added said, tal city. sion, if the Western Allies did not present a united front at any meeting with Khrush- chev. stones from rated with arrows and natives deco- warpaint and fighting from behind barri caries. Weather Some cloudiness but mostly sunny and slight- ly wanner Sunday; gusty winds decreasing Sun- day. crews." THE FIRE was reported at a.m. Fred Wilbert, 61, of 2071 Eucalyptus Ave., a Shell employe 39 years, who re- ported the blaze, said, "All of a sudden the flames were pouring through the roof and out the windows." A short in ceiling wiring (Continued Page A-3, Col. 1) warmer Sunday. Both deserts! and mountains were buffeted] by gusty winds. A gust was clocked at 48 miles an hour Friday at Los Angeles Civic! Center. Snow fell above feet.i Utility lines and trees suf-1 fcred wind damage in parts! LINE HOOKED INTO WATER SYSTEM Error by Plumber Terrorizes Town CRESTVIEW, Fla. A plumber's error plunged this town of persons into a night of terror. Five persons were in prsons were nj or Los Angeles and Orangel jured in three explosions flMnfl- ftf J _____ _ _ _ counties. Most of the damage centered in Hollywood, High VTVIVJU, gas gusnea i land Park and Eagle Rock! water system. Friday night after butane gas gushed into the city areas. In some areas, plate-glass windows were shattered by wind pressure as gusts whistled out of canyons. As the winds waned today, the Coast Guard lowered small-craft warnings which had been posted from Pt. Conception to the Mexican border. Mayor Harry Booth said the plumber got his lines mixed while working at a small cafe and hooked a gas line from a 250-gallon tank onto a water main. Bu- tane gas is used for heat- ing. The cafe was the first to Jijow up. It was almost destroyed and a 5-year-old boy, Larry Thompson, was injured. A SHORT while later Mrs. Carolyn Eiland Ken- nedy started to brush her teeth at her father's home. Whc-ii she turned on the water spigot, gas fumes reached a pilot light on a heater in the bathroom, and an explosion followed. She and her father, Arthur Eiland, were slightly in- jured. The third explosion oc- curred at the home of Miss Elizabeth Dennis, supervi- sor of lunchrooms for the county school system. She and a teacher, Miss Lillie Waldron, were injured. Those two and young Larry were hospitalized. After the trouble was found, area television sta- tions and police officers with megaphones warned residents not to turn on their water. The mayor said early to- day that thousands and thousands of gallons of water had been flushed from all the mains and they were believed cleared of the gas. Doubt remained, how- ever, about water lines into homes in a six-block area. The water superintendent and firemen spent the night checking all the homes in that area. THE FIRES started by the blasts were put out, but not without some trouble. After the water in the fire engine's tank was ex- hausted, the truck had to go to the edge of town to replenish i t s supply with water that did not have gas in it. Booth said the city would make a thorough investiga- tion into the plumber's mis- take, and the state fire marshal might be called in. that the chief executive was HE CHECKS OUT WfLL Displaying a big grin, President Eisenhower leaves Walter Reed Medical Center in Washington, D. C., today after an annual physical checkup. Physicians said the results were the best the President ever Wirephoto.) American embassy today, slapped down his passport on the consul's desk and said "I have made up my mind. I'm through." He was Lee Harvey Os- w.ild, a former Marine of Fort Worth, who said he had applied for Soviet citizenship. THE EMBASSY urged him lot to sign papers renouncing his American citizenship un- .il he was sure the Soviet Union would accept him. is living at the Metropole not mmediately available for comment on his action. He is the third American during the past three months to apply for Soviet citizen- ship while visiting Russia. Nicholas Pctrulli of Valley Stream, Long Island, N. Y., changed his mind after filing the renunciation form and this was what the embassy had in mind today when urg- ing Oswald not to take the final step. t ROBERT WEBSTER of Cleveland, Ohio, completed the formalities 10 days ago and has disappeared into the anonymous mass of the So- viet population. Oswald's mother is Mrs. Marguerite Oswald of Fort Worth, WHERE TO FIND IT A-4, 5. B-3 to 9. B-2. A-2. Death A-6. Shipping B-3. A-7, 8, 9. A-2. Tides, i TV, B-IO. i Vital B-3, ;
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Located in one of the most beautiful beaches on the Algarve coast, south of Portugal, is the Carvi Beach Hotel. Lagos, a city with more than 2.000 years of history, like many coastal towns in Portugal has a special relation with the sea that is firmly established in history, culture, architecture a...
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Two 15-foot heavy-duty straps with cam-action buckles secure heavy loads while our patented buckle bumpers help to prevent vehicle scratches and dings.
(based on 3 reviews)
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Excellent Product - Super Durability
By TeamWahoo
from Panama City Beach, FL
Comments about Thule Load Straps 523:
Bought a set of these straps in 1988 and still use them today to keep longboards in the truck bed. I have had other straps that worked in a similar manner that have fallen apart or had the tightening mechanism fail. I am buying another set for securing loads above the cab. Good job Thule!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Excellent fitment for my 1990 VW Vanagon!
By Ruben GLI
from Las Vegas, NV
I love my new roof rack!
Great product!
By Young MC
from Austin, TX
Easy to use. Easy to lock and change cores to your own Thule core set by simply ordering more cores from Thule which they make a very easy process so you can use one key for all things Thule that you own.
Thule is dedicated to providing exceptional products that are quality tested and guaranteed against defects in materials and workmanship.
Heavy-duty load straps secure smaller items, such as surfboards, safely to your
vehicle's base rack system.
Two 10-foot locking straps with One Key™ locking cylinders.
Two 13-foot locking straps with One Key™ locking cylinders.
Vertical stops help organize trips from the hardware store.
Multi-position, t-track compatible stops help support and stabilize a wide variety of loads
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Quick Details
- Place of Origin: China (Mainland), Guangdong China (Mainland)
- Condition: New
- After-sales Service Provided: No overseas service provided
- Item Type: Flashlights
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Body Color: Black,Blue,Red,White
- quantity: 20pcs
- size: 88mm (L)*22mm(W)
- constant work time: 5-10 hours
- net weight: 50g
- Light Source: LED Bulbs
- battery: 3*AAA
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details:
|Unit Type: lot (20 pieces/lot)
Package Weight: 1.400kg (3.09lb.)
Package Size: 18cm x 12cm x 7cm (7.09in x 4.72in x 2.76in)
|Delivery Detail:
free shipping 20pcs/lot super bright 9 LED Flashlights lamp Aluminum Alloy Water-proof Torch Light
please pay attention :
all the LED flashlights series products for sale ,do not including batteries .and the color will send as randomly ,but we will try our best to mix colors of products before shipment start
support Customize logo print (laser single color print) support drop shipping !
product specification
body material : Aluminum
color : red blue white black
size :88mm*22mm
battery :3*AAA (not included)
constant work time :5-10 hours
light distance:30 meters
LUMEN: 30 lumens
LED lamp :9pcs
package included
MINI 9LED flashlights electronic torch 20pcs
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|Andrew Ference will be healthy scratch Monday vs. Senators as Dougie Hamilton returns
|04.15.13 at 12:49 pm ET
As the Bruins take turns resting their players leading up to the postseason, Andrew Ference will be a healthy scratch Monday.
"We're going to rotate some players in and out here from here on in," Claude Julien said. "We decide to make that decision no matter what, so Ference will be the one sitting out tonight."
With Ference out, Dougie Hamilton will make his return to the lineup after sitting out the last two games. In addition to playing the entire NHL season leading up to Thursday's loss to the Islanders, Hamilton had played in the Canada-Russia Junior Challenge series in August before playing in the OHL throughout the lockout.
"I give him a lot of credit for for how well he's played through all of that. For a young player, to handle all of those minutes and games [is] unbelievable."
Hamilton, 19, has four goals and 11 assists for 15 point in NHL games this season. Though he's had some ups and downs, his rookie campaign has been largely impressive as he has been a top-four blueliner for the B's from the get-go.
Hamilton had told Julien earlier in the season that if he wasn't playing well enough and Julien wanted to scratch him, he'd understand. He said Monday that while he'd rather be playing, he thinks the rest could be good for him.
"Just playing so much, it feels like the end of the year, which it is, but I think just to get a rest I guess, mentally, and most of all just to get away from playing and to be able to come back, it kind of feels like junior a little bit when you get the week off and then you go back to playing the weekend," he said. "Hopefully I didn't get too rusty over that couple days, but I think I feel good."
Added Hamilton: "Obviously it's a lot more fun playing and being in the room and I guess being part of the team, but I thought it was good."
For more on the Bruins, visit weei.com/bruins.
|Patrice Bergeron feels 'ready' to return, could play Monday vs. Senators
|04.15.13 at 11:58 am ET
Both Patrice Bergeron and Brad Marchand (both coming off concussions) participated in the Bruins' morning skate Monday, and Bergeron could make his return to the Boston lineup Monday night after missing the last six games.
Bruins coach Claude Julien said the team is being "extra safe" with Bergeron's situation, given that this is his fourth career concussion. The medical staff will give final clearance as to whether the reigning Selke winner plays Monday night against the Senators. Bergeron said he only felt symptoms for a day following the play in which he was concussed, and that he's had time to recover, get back on the ice and prepare for the final couple weeks of the regular season.
"I feel like I'm ready," Bergeron said, "but we'll see."
"I feel good," he said. "I feel confident and I don't feel cautious either. We've taken the time and there's a reason for that, so I'm not hesitant."
Bergeron said that this concussion was less significant than his previous three. Though he missed only two games due to his previous concussion, it was actually 13 days because the Bruins had swept the Flyers and had some time before starting the Eastern Conference finals against the Lightning, with Bergeron making his return in Game 3 of that series. If he plays Monday, he will have missed just as much time as he did last time, though he'll have obviously missed more game. Either way, Bergeron feels this concussion wasn't as bad as any of the ones before it.
"I healed a lot quicker and felt better a lot quicker," he said. "It was good news."
As for Marchand, who suffered a concussion on an elbow to the head from Devils defenseman Anton Volchenkov last week, the pesky forward skated Monday for the second consecutive day. He has not yet taken contact, which figures to be the next step in his recovery.
Tuukka Rask was the first goaltender off the ice, suggesting he will get the start Monday night against the Senators.
For more on the Bruins, visit weei.com/bruins.
|Bruins fall flat vs. Islanders
|04.11.13 at 9:24 pm ET
The Bruins continued their borderline stumble to the finish line of the regular season Thursday night with a 2-1 loss to the Islanders at TD Garden.
Josh Bailey had a two-goal performance in the win for the Islanders. He got New York on the board with 21 seconds left in the first period and gave them the lead again later in the second after Tyler Seguin had tied with a power-play goal. Tuukka Rask stopped 34 of 36 shots.
The Bruins will next play Saturday in Carolina.
– Another bad game for Milan Lucic. One night after turning the puck over on the power play that led to a shorthanded goal, Lucic had multiple unforced turnovers, including one in the first period that led to sustained pressure from the Islanders. After getting the puck off a rebound from Rask, Lucic could have sent the puck out up the left side, but instead backhanded it across in front of Rask's net and right to Kyle Okposo. The Islanders kept the puck in the zone for another 20 seconds or so but didn't score. Lucic had just one shot on goal in the game.
– It wasn't pretty for Nathan Horton either. Skating on a line with Daniel Paille and David Krejci, Horton was a minus-2 with one shot on goal.
– Rask made some tremendous saves, but he should have stopped both Islanders goals. Bailey's shot on his first goal was a top-corner bullet that Rask could have nabbed, but the second goal was the real softy. Rask stopped Bailey on a 2-on-1, only to let the puck trickle into the net ever so slowly.
The numbers suggest that Rask should be a Vezina candidate, but he's allowed some bad goals this season.
– Dougie Hamilton was a healthy scratch Thursday night, marking the first time that he hasn't played in his rookie season.
– The primary assist on Bailey's first-period goal came from none other than Mark Streit, and he picked up the secondary helper on Bailey's second goal. The Islanders captain seemed like a logical fit for the B's at the trade deadline, but the Islanders elected to hang onto the puck-moving defenseman and try to contend. Streit is a free agent at the end of the season.
– A good point from Mike Salk, who noted that it's been quite a while since a Bruin has dropped the gloves. The last time was on Marchn 27, when Gregory Campbell fought Travis Moen. Shawn Thornton last fought on March 23, which was 10 games ago.
– Gregory Campbell and Jaromir extended their point streaks to three games by picking up assists on Seguin's goal. Campbell now has two goals and three assists for five points over the last three contests, while Jagr has five assists in the span. Campbell was on the Bruins' second power play unit in place of Milan Lucic.
– Adam McQuaid made his return to the Bruins' lineup after missing the last 11 games with a shoulder strain. It wasn't the prettiest return for McQuaid, as he was on the ice for both of Bailey's goals and had a minus-2 rating on the game.
– For just the second time this season, the Bruins have had power play goals in consecutive games. Zdeno Chara had a power-play tally on Wednesday against the Devils, with Seguin's goal Thursday coming on the man advantage.
|Brad Marchand has concussion
|04.11.13 at 6:20 pm ET
The Bruins announced Thursday evening that left wing Brad Marchand suffered a "mild concussion" on the hit he took from Devils defenseman Anton Volchenkov.
Volchenkov was given a four-game suspension for the play in which he elbowed Marchand in the head, forcing Marchand to leave the game. The Bruins' announcement did not include how long they expect to be without their leading scorer, with general manager Peter Chiarelli saying in the two-sentence release that the B's will "provide an update on his status when appropriate."
Marchand leads the Bruins with 16 goals this season.
For more on the Bruins, visit weei.com/bruins.
|Swedish Ice Hockey Federation reportedly trying to block Carl Soderberg from coming to Bruins
|04.11.13 at 4:58 pm ET
The Carl Soderberg situation apparently took a turn for the worse Thursday, as reports out of Sweden suggested that the Swedish Ice Hockey Federation was trying to block the 27-year-old forward from going to the Bruins. Soderberg agreed to a three-year deal with the Bruins on Tuesday, but TSN's Bob McKenzie followed up Swedish reports with the following Thursday:
As per @steffeg and NHL/Boston sources, Swedish Ice Hockey Federation trying to block Carl Soderberg from joining Bruins. Stay tuned.
' Bob McKenzie (@TSNBobMcKenzie) April 11, 2013
Soderberg, who was acquired from the Blues in 2007 but has played his entire professional career in Sweden, scored 31 goals this season. More on this as information becomes available.
|No update on Brad Marchand as Patrice Bergeron skates and Adam McQuaid nears return
|04.11.13 at 11:39 am ET
Patrice Bergeron took part in a limited morning skate Thursday at TD Garden, marking the first time he's been spotted on the ice since leaving last Tuesday's game against the Senators with a concussion. Bergeron skated with Adam McQuaid, Wade Redden, Kaspars Daugavins, Jay Pandolfo and Aaron Johnson.
As for Brad Marchand, Claude Julien told reporters that the left winger still was being evaluated after taking an elbow to the head from Devils defenseman Anton Volchenkov. Marchand left Wednesday's game following the elbow and did not return.
Julien did say that he feels McQuaid is "ready" to return to Boston's lineup, and that he will likely do so Thursday against the Islanders. McQuaid has missed the last 11 games with a shoulder strain.
For more on the Bruins, visit weei.com/bruins.
|Brad Marchand hurt as Bruins hang on vs. Devils
|04.10.13 at 10:15 pm ET
Gregory Campbell had his first two-goal game of the season as the Bruins took over first place in the Northeast Division with a 5-4 win over the Devils Wednesday in New Jersey.
The Bruins had a 4-0 lead that was nearly blown when the Devils came within a goal with less than a minute to play, but Anton Khudobin and the B's were able to fend off the comeback attempt.
Prior to Brad Marchand leaving the game following a dirty hit (see below), the story of the game was Boston's penalty kill. The Devils were unable to get a shot on goal during a 1:27 5-on-3, and Johnny Boychuk jumped out of the box to get a breakaway on which he was hooked to set up a penalty shot. Boychuk was stopped by Martin Brodeur, but Daniel Paille scored a shorthanded goal with Zdeno Chara still in the box.
Later in the period, Campbell picked up his second of the game with a shorthanded tally, giving Boston a 3-0 lead after one. Zdeno Chara increased the Bruins' lead with a power-play goal at 3:06 of the second period, but goals from Patrik Elias and Travis Zajac (the latter of which was shorthanded) made it 4-2. Andy Greene brought the Devils within one before Tyler Seguin picked up his first point in four games by beating Brodeur in front off a pass from Daniel Paille. Matt D'Agostini made it 5-4 with 37 seconds remaining.
The Bruins will return to Boston to host the Islanders on Thursday.
– It turns out that the Campbell-Jagr combination was more than a flash in the pan. Jagr did all the work by simply toying with the Devils and firing a shot in front that yielded the rebound on which Campbell scored. The line of Campbell between Marchand and Jagr produced two goals Monday, and the second line kept up the goo work leading up to Marchand's injury.
– Playing in his second game back after missing the previous 14 with a broken leg, Chris Kelly looked like he hadn't lost a step. Kelly played a key role in killing off eight penalties (his 6:32 of shorthanded time led Bruins forwards)
– Seguin had to deal with very limited ice time because the Bruins were playing shorthanded for so much of the contest (the B's took eight minor penalties in the game, including two from Seguin in the third period), but it was good to see some production from him given the circumstances. Seguin, who does not kill penalties and was skating on the third line for the second straight game, played just 2:46 in the first period and had 8:17 of ice time through two periods.
– Brad Marchand left the game in the second period after taking an elbow to the head from Anton Volchenkov along the boards. Volchenkov will certainly hear from Brendan Shanahan about the hit (he was suspended in 2011 for three games after elbowing Zach Boychuk), but the big concern should be on Boston's end. Patrice Bergeron is already out with a concussion, and losing the team's top goal-scorer in Marchand would be a really tough break for the Bruins.
– The Bruins obviously have a history of blowing leads this season, and they scored the first goals of the game before letting the Devils back in with three straight goals. Seguin's third-period tally provided some much-needed space.
– A dreadful giveaway in the neutral zone allowed Zajac to take the puck, enter the Bruins' zone and beat Anton Khudobin to make it 4-2 late in the second period. The play occurred with Boston on the power play, making it one of the ugliest moments of the season in an area that's obviously had major issues for the Bruins.


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Business and the sustainable development goals Davos: how can an event that's 82% male solve the digital gender divide?Henrietta MooreNearly 3,000 mainly western men will gather at the World Economic Forum event to discuss the transformative power of technology. Addressing the worrying internet gender gap seems unlikely
Jon Cruddas and Chi Onwurah argue that under Labour, local authorities and citizens would be empowered by digital services they can help create and improve
Draft curriculum suggests digital literacy, computer science and information technology should be taught from age five, rather than just ICT
A survey for the Guardian shows that so far 33% of boys and just 17% of girls have learned any computer coding skills at school
David Andrews embarked on an iPad journey with his school last year. Here he tells us about using the devices in his classroom
Children are to be taught how to programme computers in a move to create the technological innovators of the future
Actor to judge competition which aims to find and encourage young children and teenagers who want to learn how to program computers. By Charles Arthur
Including computer science into your curriculum might be intimidating but it IS necessary, argues Matt Britland
• Want to find out more about computer science in schools? Come to our seminar in June
Learning to program computers can bring unique insights to other fields for both pupils and teachers – Miles Berry on how computational thinking can revolutionise the way we teach and learn
What happens when you put a group of teenagers from four different schools, their teachers and developers from Google and the Guardian in a room together for 24 hours? An ICT teacher who took part shares the magic
The teaching of ICT in schools has come in for much criticism of late, yet the enthusiasm shown by young people to learn and share programming skills at a recent 'hack day' should inspire educators
A professional den-maker on how she helps teachers transform their classrooms into thrilling learning environments
Don't hang around for Michael Gove's computer science curriculum changes, our blogger says plenty can be done straight away
Digital literacy is vital for both education and life but it's often taken simply to mean computer skills. On Friday 2 March, we'll explore what digital literacy is and why it matters in HE
Life on Earth is mindblowing, but it's not all good news. Our blogger on the pros and cons of Apple digital text books and iBooks Author
Teachers need to meet students half way and embrace the changing literacies of a digital age
Michael Gove's speech has set the wheels in motion, now the work needs to be done – how teachers can enhance their knowledge of ICT plus share expertise and views
Keith Stuart: New education and careers festival will seek to introduce school children to video game development
How Manchester Girl Geeks are inspiring girls to embrace code and get into computer science
As Michael Gove allows schools to write their own ICT and computer science curricula, here are some of the most interesting ideas you put forward during our Digital Literacy campaign
Readers' responses to the Guardian campaign to upgrade computer science and ICT teaching in schools
We ask a handful of computing academics to explain how they have developed their courses to respond to industry, and outline the challenges of keeping up to date in an ever-evolving sector
University students should already know how to use Microsoft Word and Powerpoint. The real gains are in being taught programming, says Martin Paul Eve
Josh Cooke knew he wanted to work with computers but was turned off by school ICT lessons. He reveals how he ended up as an analyst on Barclays Capital's grad scheme
Some suggestions for the education secretary to make IT lessons less boring


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What should I do if I can't wait for moisture to clear, but I don't want a fan to run all day long.
NuTone has sensing fans that detect the humidity rise caused by a shower and turn on automatically – when moisture has cleared it turns off. Some wall controls also give you theoption of humidity sensing, or timer control. Just set it and forget it.


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Day Runner Planner Notes Refill Pages - 8.50" x 11" - 7-ring - White - Hole-punched by Day Runner
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Canine Studies to Restore Endogenous Insulin
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AbstractDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Identifying a safe, oral treatment capable of both restoring the natural mechanisms that regenerate pancreatic beta cells and improving function would be a major advance in therapeutic options for diabetes. The objective of the proposed research is to test the hypothesis that oral administration of a natural beta cell product, that has been depleted by the disease, will result in improved beta cell function as measured by Cpeptide, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine. Twelve companion dogs that are naturally insulin-dependent will be studied in collaboration with the Clinical Sciences Department at Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine. The aims of this research are 1) to test the feasibility and safety of this new diabetes therapy by measuring glycemic control before and after treatment and 2) test the pharmacokinetics of the treatment at various dosages. The long-term goal is to provide an oral product for both veterinary and human diabetes that offers sustained resolution of blood glucose abnormalities by restoring endogenous insulin without side effects or toxicity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will test the hypothesis that restoring a natural product of the cells that make insulin will improve their function and the symptoms of diabetes. The project will assess whether this treatment offers sustained improvement in glucose control without side effects or toxicity. If proven safe and effective, this treatment could be a major advance forward in therapeutic interventions for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Bennington Area Arts Council
Mayfest Arts&Crafts Festival
Click here to download Vendor Application
Downtown Bennington transforms into a festival of arts, crafts, activities, food, & entertainment. In 2017 there will be over 125 crafters and artisans from throughout New England featuring handmade crafts of wood, pottery, glass, metal, fabric, jewelry, and more. As always, School Street will be lined with ethnic treats including Indian, German, Thai, and American. You'll also find favorites such as fried dough, gourmet seafood, wood fired pizza, BBQ, blooming onions, ice cream, and more!
Mayfest isn't just for adults though; there are lots of kid's activities, contests, and games. A dunking booth, the 4-H shooting range, the Trustco Bank bouncy house, face painting, and more also add to the fun.
Downtown Bennington may be host to over 125 vendors during Mayfest, but the best part is that it also boasts over 45 great shops as well. The Village Chocolate Shoppe, Bennington Bookshop, Crazy Russian Girls Bakery, Jay's Art Shop and Frame Gallery, and South Street Café. Downtown Bennington is also home to over 12 restaurants.
Since we receive many calls throughout the year for contact information for vendors who appeared at Mayfest, we have published below the links to those websites of the vendors who have an internet presence. Just click on the address and you will be redirected to their site.
If you would like contact information for any of our fantastic performance groups please call us at 802-442-5758 and we will gladly provide you phone numbers and email addresses.
please note: if there is a space in the email address, there is a underscore.
Anytime Fitness email@example.com
Apple Barn email@example.com
Art in Heaven firstname.lastname@example.com
Behrens Boards firstname.lastname@example.com
Bennington Area VNA & Hospice firstname.lastname@example.com
Bennington Arts Guild firstname.lastname@example.com
Bennington Chamber of Commerce email@example.com
Bennington Choral Society email@example.com
Bennington Four-H firstname.lastname@example.com
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Bruce's Lemonade firstname.lastname@example.com
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CMB Creations LLC email@example.com
Colby's Kettle Popcorn email@example.com
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Crafty Needles firstname.lastname@example.com
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Gray Horse Manufacturing email@example.com
Greater Bennington Interfaith Community email@example.com
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Hand Crafted by Eric Oesterle firstname.lastname@example.com
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Heritage Family Credit Union email@example.com
JKL Jewelry Designs email@example.com
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Kemper Pottery email@example.com
Kyla's Country Crafts email@example.com
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Little Luvs firstname.lastname@example.com
Mach's Mobile Wood Fired Pizza firstname.lastname@example.com
Marianna Capatina Art & Jewelry email@example.com
Massage for You email@example.com
Michele's Lemonade email@example.com
Minnie Pink Jewelry Design firstname.lastname@example.com
Mr. Ding-A-Ling Ice Cream firstname.lastname@example.com
Mt. Anthony Football Team firstname.lastname@example.com
Mula Jewelry email@example.com
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Mystic World firstname.lastname@example.com
North Branch Vineyards email@example.com
One of a Kind Jewelry firstname.lastname@example.com
Only Silver email@example.com
Papa John's Sugar Shack firstname.lastname@example.com
Park at 336 firstname.lastname@example.com
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Planned Parenthood of Northern NE email@example.com
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Price Chopper Cancer Crusaders email@example.com
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Romancing the Stone firstname.lastname@example.com
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Shaw Photography email@example.com
Silky Squares and Bombs NY email@example.com
Southwestern Vermont Health Care firstname.lastname@example.com
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Times Square Catering email@example.com
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The worst:
1. Day 8: Andy's worst day. After a thunder and lightning storm she found him curled up in the cabin of the boat, shaking and unable to talk.
2. Day 14: Andy leaves the boat. 'I couldn't help thinking that if anything went wrong, we might never see each other again.'
3. An uncomfortably close encounter with a supertanker leaves her 'at an all-time low. I'm so scared and I want to go home'.
4. She endures 10 days of unbearable loneliness in early December, including one three-hour spell of crying non-stop.
5. A shark circles the boat; she is scared it is going to attack the 24-foot wooden craft.
The best:
1. Day 21: Realising that she is coming to terms with her father's death from cancer. 'Throughout this journey, I have come to a point where I can celebrate his life and take inspiration from it, rather than dwell on my loss.'
2. Rowing at 3am with Andy, singing 'Jerusalem' and 'I Vow to Thee my Country' badly out of tune.
3. Christmas Day: Reading the dozens of cards from friends and family.
4. Seeing the boat surrounded by 30 dolphins, some of whom did somersaults in front of her - 'truly magical'.
5. Spending a day with Albert, a friendly turtle, while he ate seaweed off the hull.


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|Prahlad K. Rao1 and Qingbo Li1,2*
|1Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy
|2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
|Corresponding Author :
|Dr. Qingbo Li, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA,
Tel : 312-413-9301,
Fax: 312-413-9303,
E-mail : email@example.com
|Received November 29, 2008; Accepted January 12, 2009; Published January 15, 2009
|Citation: Prahlad KR, Qingbo L (2009) Principal Component Analysis of Proteome Dynamics in Iron-Starved Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. J Proteomics Bioinform 2:019-031. doi: 10.4172/jpb.1000058
|Copyright: © 2009 Prahlad KR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
|Related article at
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Visit for more related articles at Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics
The goal of this study is to use principal component analysis (PCA) for multivariate analysis of proteome dynamics based on both protein abundance and turnover information generated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We previously reported assessing protein dynamics in iron-starved Mycobacterium tuberculosis, revealing interesting interconnection among the cellular processes involving protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion (Anal. Chem. 80, 6860-9). In this study, we use target-decoy database search approach to select peptides for quantitation at a false discovery rate of 4.2%. We further use PCA to reduce the data dimensions for simpler interpretation. The PCA results indicate that the protein turnover and relative abundance properties are approximately orthogonal in the data space defined by the first three principal components. We show the potential of the Hotelling's T2 (T2) value as a quantifiable index for comparing changes between protein functional categories. The T2 value represents the gross change of a protein in both abundance and turnover. Close examination of the antigen 85 complex demonstrates that T2 correctly predicts the coordinated changes of the antigen 85 complex proteins. The multi-dimensional protein dynamics data further reveal the secretion of the antigen 85 complex. Overall, this study demonstrates PCA as an effective means to facilitate interpretation of the multivariate proteome dynamics dataset which otherwise would remain a significant challenge using traditional methods.
|Principal component analysis; Protein turnover; Mass spectrometry; Iron metabolism;
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|Protein turnover is a fundamental cellular process in all cell types having important implications in many aspects of biological science (Eagle et al., 1959; Larrabee et al., 1980; Tan et al., 2006; Wilkinson, 2005). Advancement of highresolution proteomic technologies has provided the possibility to study protein turnover for multiple proteins simultaneously in complex cellular protein extracts (Beynon, 2005; Cargile et al., 2004; Pratt et al., 2002; Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b; Vogt et al., 2003). We recently showed that combination of protein abundance and turnover data provides highly interesting insight into the dynamic process of and interconnection among protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion (Rao et al., 2008a).
|The addition of the protein turnover dimension (Pratt et al., 2002; Rao et al., 2008a) into the proteomic data space, however, poses a challenge for automated data dissemination for biological meanings. We previously utilized clustering technique to identify the patterns that revealed protein dynamics in iron-starved Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells responding to a change in iron abundance (Rao et al., 2008a). Even with the aid of a clustering method, the process still required intensive manual inspection. Thus, a more automated procedure for identifying the most affected groups of proteins by the change in iron abundance in M. tuberculosis is highly desirable. Undoubtedly, modern proteomics as well as other molecular biology technologies will continue to generate megavariate datasets that will place ever increasing challenge in subsequent data processing that often requires multivariate analysis techniques.
|Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical analysis technique utilized in many fields including proteomics research. It is an intuitive method that reduces a large number of variables to a smaller number of groups that can be more readily visualized and understood (Ivosev et al., 2008). For example, it has been used to estimate peptide abundance ratios (Pan et al., 2006), to classify proteomic signatures associated with the exposure of mussels to different marine pollutants based on 2D-gel and MS analysis (Apraiz et al., 2006), to identify principal kinetic patterns in Streptomyces coelicolor undergoing defined metabolic changes (Vohradsky and Thompson, 2006), and to simplify combined transcriptome and proteome time-course data of S. coelicolor for evaluating correlations amongst functionally related genes and interpreting the biological significance of such dynamics (Jayapal et al., 2008). In addition to the benefit of data dimension reduction to facilitate easier visualization and interpretation, another advantage is that the"knowledge of the source or nature of the variables in a group allows them all to be appropriately treated, for example, removed if they result from uninteresting effects or replaced by a single representative for further processing" (Ivosev et al., 2008).
|In this paper, we seek to utilize PCA to simplify the combined protein turnover and abundance data for M. tuberculosis undergoing a shift from an iron-starved to an ironsufficient state (Rao et al., 2008a). The goal is to evaluate the potential of the PCA approach for more automated interpretation of the multi-dimensional data in large-scale proteome dynamics studies for M. tuberculosis.
|The procedures for cell culture growth, sample preparation, and LC/MS analysis were fully described previously (Rao et al., 2008a) and will not be repeated in detail here. Briefly, a M. tuberculosis H37Rv culture was grown in an unlabeled defined low-iron (LI) medium (Rodriguez et al., 2002) to late log phase, and diluted by about 8-fold into a high-iron (HI) and a LI fresh media respectively. The fresh media contained [15N] labeled asparagine which was the sole nitrogen source in the media. Both fresh cultures were allowed to grow until the cell density tripled. The cells were harvested and lysed in a SDS/PAGE sample buffer containing 2% SDS by heating and bead beating as described before (Rao et al., 2008a). An aliquot of each of the two cell lysates were precipitated by acetone and dissolved for typsin digestion. Each aliquot contained 50μg of proteins. To ensure removal of residual SDS, the digested peptide solutions were purified with ZipTipC18 tips (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Eluents were pooled, diluted by 10 times with 0.1% TFA to reduce the ACN content to <5%, and submitted for LC/MS analysis at the Research Resources Center of University of Illinois at Chicago on a hybrid-linear ion trap-Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LTQFT) coupled with nanoliquid chromatography (nanoLC). Each sample was analyzed in triplicate LC/MS injections (Rao et al., 2008a).
|Peptide and Protein Identification
|In the previous study, we used a strict cutoff of p <0.01 in BioWorks for accepting peptides for quantitation (Rao et al., 2008a). In this study, we established the peptide and protein acceptance threshold using the decoy database search strategy so as to maximize the number of peptides and proteins that could be quantified (Kall et al., 2008). For this purpose, the RAW files generated from the six LC/MS injections were converted to mzXML format using the Trans- Proteomic Pipeline web interface (http://tools.proteomecenter.org/software.php). Database search was performed using Sorcerer™-SEQUEST® (Sage-N Research, Inc, San Jose, CA) provided by the Proteomics and Informatics Services Facility at the Research Resources Center of University of Illinois at Chicago. The mzXML files were searched against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv NCBI database appended with its reversed decoy database (Reidegeld et al., 2008). The peptide mass tolerance was set at 15 ppm with methionine oxidation as a differential modification. Up to 2 missed cleavages and isotope check using mass shift of 1.003 amu were allowed. We only accepted MS/MS identifications with peptide probability above 0.5 for quantitation. This resulted in 3716 qualified peptide identifications at a false discovery rate (FDR) (Kall et al., 2008) of 4.2%. These 3716 peptide identifications were used for downstream PCS and protein quantitation.
|Quantitative analysis of the LC/MS data for different iso topic forms of the peptides and proteins was essentially as previously described (Rao et al., 2008a). At the last stage of cell harvest, each protein consisted of two isotopic forms. One corresponds to the old protein synthesized in the unlabeled LI medium and survived degradation and/or excretion after the cells grew in the labeled media. The other corresponds to the young protein synthesized after the cells were diluted in the labeled media. The abundance of a protein was thus quantified in three forms that respectively corresponded to the old protein (AL), the young protein (AM), and the total protein (AT). AT was the sum of AL and AM. Since the LI and HI samples were analyzed in triplicate LC/MS injections, total six tables containing the AL, AM, and AT values for each protein were generated, with one table for each injection. These six protein tables were generated based on the six tables containing the AL,PCS, AM,PCS, and AT,PCS values for each detected PCS. For each LC/MS injection, the PCS intensities were normalized by the sum of extracted ion chromatographic (XIC) intensities from all PCSs in that injection, and expressed in the unit of ppm. If a PCS did not have a full set of non-zero triplicate XIC intensity values in either the LI or the HI cells, the PCS was excluded. If the PCS had one missing value, it was filled by the average of the two values in the same culture sample. If it had two or three missing values, the missing values were filled by the average minimum XIC intensity across the six LC/MS injections, which was determined to be 0.1 in the unit of ppm. A total of 696 PCSs passed the requirement and were accepted for further analysis (Table S1, supporting information).
|The 696 PCSs resulted in a total of 287 unique proteins identified from all of the six LC/MS injections. The steps of chromatogram alignment and cross-reference allowed quantitation of all of these 287 proteins in each injection (Table S2, supporting information) as described previously (Rao et al., 2008a). For individual LC/MS injections, the number of proteins identified by MS/MS scans was 175, 174, and 165 in the triplicate injections of the LI sample, and 102, 91, and 99 in the triplicate injections of the HI sample. In Table S2, the individual proteins identified in each injection by MS/MS scan were indicated by the spectral counts obtained for the proteins in each injection. The unnormalized total XIC intensities (in arbitrary unit) for the LI sample triplicate injections were 2.5x1010, 2.6x1010 and 2.3x1010 respectively. Those for the HI sample triplicate injections were 1.8x1010, 1.2x1010 and 1.9x1010 respectively. The ratio of the total XIC intensities between the new proteins and the old proteins was 3.0, 2.9 and 3.0 for the triplicate injections of the LI sample respectively. And it was 3.4, 3.4, and 3.4 for the triplicate injections of the HI sample respectively.
|Quantitation of the Six Protein Ratio Categories
|Because the focus of this study is to examine the group behavior of proteins instead of individual proteins, we used a less stringent criterion for accepting peptides and proteins for quantitative analysis compared to the previous works (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b). Peptide identifications were accepted at a FDR of 4.2%, and proteins with one unique peptide identification were also included. From the 696 PCSs (Table S1), 287 unique proteins were identified and quantified for the six protein ratio categories including RAL, RAM, RAT, SDLI, SDHI and and RSD (Table S2) as described previously (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b). RAL, RAM, and RAT are the relative abundance of the old, young, and total proteins between the HI and LI cells respectively. SDLI and SDHI are the synthesis over degradation ratio (Cargile et al., 2004) for the LI and HI cells respectively, expressed as the ratio of AM over AL. RSD is the ratio of SDHI over SDLI.
|Three different methods were used to calculate the protein ratio readouts, namely median, mean and sum. In the median method, the median of all the PCS ratios for a protein was sought to represent the values of RAL, RAM, RAT, SDLI, and SDHI. The median of the ratios between SDHI,PCS and SDLI,PCS for all the PCSs of a protein was calculated to represent RSD of that protein. The mean method was carried out similar to the median method except that the mean instead of median was calculated. In the sum method, the respective AL,PCS, AM,PCS, and AT,PCS values were summed for all the PCSs of a protein to calculate RAL, RAM, RAT, SDLI, and SDHI (Rao et al., 2008a). RSD was then calculated as the ratio between SDHI and SDLI. Griffin et al. employed the summation method to calculate the protein reporter ion ratios in the iTRAQ quantitation strategy and showed that summing provides "the added advantage of stronger reporter ion signal intensities being weighted more heavily in the calculation than weaker signals" (Griffin et al., 2007).
|Since AL,PCS, AM,PCS, and AT,PCS were measured in triplicate in both LI and HI cells, complete permutation of the triplicate values between LI and HI cells generated 9 answers for each of RAL, RAM, and RAT. Similarly, complete permutation of the triplicate values for SDLI and SDHI generated 9 answers for RSD which is the ratio of SDHI over SDLI. Altogether, there were 9 permuted answers for each of RAL, RAM, RAT and RSD, resulting in 36 'ratio readouts'. With the triplicate values for each of SDHI and SDLI, there were 6 more 'ratio readouts'. This led to a total of 42 'ratio readouts' for the six ratio categories including RAL, RAM, RAT, SDLI, SDHI, and RSD. The term 'ratio readout' is used here because all the six ratio categories are ratio properties. The 42 ratio readouts generated by each of the three protein quantitation methods led to a total of 126 protein ratio readouts.
|Alternatively, we first calculated the average intensities for the PCSs from the triplicate (Table S1). The average PCS intensities were then used to calculate the six protein ratio categories. Since three methods (i.e. median, mean, and sum) were used, it resulted in 18 protein ratio readouts (Table S2).
|Principle Component Analysis
|We perform PCA using Matlab (Mathwork, Natick, MA). For PCA, we input the 128 or the 18 ratio readouts of the 287 proteins (Table S2) into the function PRINCOMP. This function returns the loadings, the coordinates of the original data in the new coordinate system defined by the principal components, the variances explained by each principle component, and the Hotelling's T2 (T2) values of the tested proteins. T2 is a statistical measure of the multivariate distance of each observation from the center of the dataset. More specifically, the T2 value represents the index of gross change of a protein in both abundance and turnover between the LI and HI conditions, because the ratio readout matrix input into PRINCOMP contains the ratios of either protein abundance or turnover of a protein between the HI and LI cells. Thus the T2 value reduces six protein ratio categories into one single index of gross change for a protein. It is a simpler representation of the gross change of a protein in both protein abundance and turnover dimensions. The T2 value is then used as a quantifiable index of gross change for comparing the difference between two protein functional categories by the Wilcoxon ranksum test for the LI and HI samples. The Wilcoxon ranksum test is performed using the function RANKSUM in Matlab. Classification of the protein functional categories is based on the Tuberculist (http://genolist.pasteur.fr/TubercuList/) or the TIGR (http:// cmr.jcvi.org) definition.
|Results and Discussion
|Since the goal of this study is to reduce the data dimensions for simpler interpretation using PCA, we chose to include the data from all possible combinations of ratio calculation for the six ratio categories, as well as from three different protein ratio calculation methods including median, mean, and sum (see Methods). The redundancy of the data should not affect PCA while potential variations due to different methods would possibly be separated by PCA.
|In the following we describe several aspects of the data analysis and interpretation process. First, the overall data profile of the 126 ratio readouts generated by three protein quantitation methods are evaluated for consistency and adequacy for PCA. Second, PCA is performed to examine the relationship between the protein abundance and turnover properties and to define the reduced data space. Third, the PCA output is evaluated for predicting gorss changes incurred in both abundance and turnover properties when the M. tuberculosis cells were shifted from the LI to the HI conditions.
|Overview of the Six Ratio Category Data
|As defined in Methods, the six ratio categories include three relative abundance ratios (RAL, RAM, and RAT), two protein turnover measurements in terms of synthesis over degradation ratio (SDLI and SDHI) (Cargile et al., 2004), and relative SD ratio (RSD).
|In multivariate analysis (Olivieri, 2008), different data processing approaches may lead to some discretion in results. To avoid potential bias introduced by one particular method that could obscure the outcome of PCA, we perform protein quantitation using three different methods including mean, median, and sum (see Methods). In addition, we also maximize the possible combinations when calculating the six ratio categories by including all the permutations generated using the triplicate values (Table S1). This resulted in 126 'ratio readouts' as defined in Methods. We believe that this comprehensive dataset should allow us to better investigate the true relationship between the relative abundance and protein turnover properties and to derive a reliable reduction of the data dimensions.
|Because the focus of this study is to examine the group behavior of proteins instead of individual proteins, we used a less stringent criterion for accepting peptides and proteins for quantitative analysis compared to the previous works (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b). Peptide identifications were accepted at a FDR of 4.2%, and proteins with one accepted peptide identification are also included. This results in a total of 287 unique proteins for further analysis in this study (Table S2).
|Non-parametric boxplot analysis and one-way ANOVA analysis were performed on the 126x287 matrix consisting of the 126 ratio readouts for the 287 proteins to visualize the global pattern of the data (Figure 1). Figure 1a shows the boxplots of the 126 ratio readouts, and Figure 1b is the multiple- comparison graph for the 126 ratio readouts based on one-way ANOVA statistics.
|Both the boxplots and the multiple comparison graph show highly consistent pattern of ratio readouts corresponding to the 3 different protein quantitation methods. Both the means and medians of RAL, SDHI, and RSD were around 2 to 4- fold while those of RAM, RAT, and SDLI were near 1-fold. This suggests that the old proteins were degraded and/or excreted more rapidly in the HI cells than in the LI cells. This is reasonable because the HI cells probably degraded those proteins important for the LI but not the HI cells to sequester vital iron content from the LI medium. In addition, shifting from the LI to the HI growth condition could also stimulate new protein synthesis and secretion activities in the HI cells (Rao et al., 2008a). This is reflected by the increase in the means and medians of the SDHI and RSD values, consistent with our previous analysis of the 104 proteins showing that at least 24 proteins had elevated SD while only 5 proteins were upregulated in the HI cells (Rao et al., 2008a).
|Two PCAs are carried out. In the first PCA, the 126 ratio readouts for all the 287 proteins are subject to PCA. The PCA results are visualized by the biplot (Figure 2a). In the biplot, each of the 126 ratio readouts is represented by a vector shown in blue. The direction and length of a vector indicates how each ratio readout contributes to the three principal components in the plot. It is noteworthy that the 126 ratio readout vectors naturally fall into 6 distinct clusters which correspond to the six ratio categories, as labeled in the graph. Each cluster consists of 42 individual vectors belonging to the same ratio category. Two approximately orthogonal planes are defined by these ratio readout vector clusters. One is defined by the RAL, RAM, and RAT vector clusters and the other by the SDLI and SDHI vector clusters. This confirms that the SD values bear distinct protein dynamic properties that warrant consideration separate from relative abundance ratios (Pratt et al., 2002; Rao et al., 2008a). It is interesting to note that the RSD vector cluster lies at the intersection of the two orthogonal planes. This is not surprising because RSD can be expressed mathematically as either SDHI over SDLI or RAM over RAL. Considering that we assess this relationship using the comprehensive dataset generated by multiple methods and combinations, we believe that the orthogonal relationship between the protein abundance and turnover properties exists and is not an artifact of data processing.
|In the second PCA, we want to simplify the graph of Figure 2a for easier visualization and down stream processing. To do so, we recalculate the readouts of the six ratio categories based on the average values of the triplicate PCS intensities (Table S1). We still use the three protein quantitation methods including medium, mean, and sum. This results in 18 ratio readouts for the six ratio categories. Each ratio category has 3 ratio readouts corresponding to the 3 different protein quantitation methods. PCA is performed on the resulting 18x287 matrix and the biplot is shown in
|Comparison of the two biplots in Figure 2 indicates that the relative spatial orientation among the 6 ratio category vectors remains the same. It is noted that there is one nonessential difference that would not affect the PCA outputs. In Figure 2a, the plane define by the relative abundance properties aligns with the plane of components 1 and 2, and the plane defined by the turnover properties aligns with that of components 2 and 3. In Figure 2b, on the other hand, the plane define by the relative abundance properties aligns with the plane of components 2 and 3, and the plane defined by the turnover properties aligns with that of components 1 and 2. As expected, the RSD ratio category vectors lies at the interface of the two orthogonal planes in both biplots.
|We further compare the variances borne by the first 3 principal components in the two PCAs shown in Figure 2. The variances explained by the first three principal components are 63% and 94% in Figure 2a and 2b respectively. This indicates that additional variances are contributed by those individual permuted ratio readouts, which however appear to also spread out into the principle components other than the first three. Use of the average PCS abundance values (Table S1) appears to remove many of those random fluctuations, and improves the PCA as shown by the increased percentage of variances explained by the first three principal components.
|Regardless of the difference in percentage of variances explained by the first 3 principal components for the two PCAs shown in Figure 2, the results clearly indicate that the variances brought about by the shift in iron availability dominates over that caused by errors in the protein quantitation process. Thus, the PCA is adequate for evaluating the impact of iron availability shift on the proteome dynamics of M. tuberculosis. The results confirm that the two PCAs reveal the same correlation between the protein abundance and turnover properties, and both correctly distinguish all the six ratio categories. Given that the second PCA is less prone to experiment errors, hereafter, further analysis is based on the output from the second PCA (Figure 2b) unless specified otherwise.
|The Scree plot of the PCA shows the percentage of variances explained by the first 3 principal components (Figure 3a). It is interesting to note that the loadings in principal component 1 are dominated by SDLI, SDHI, and RSD (Figure 3b) while principal component 3 contains loadings mostly from RAL, RAM and RAT (Figure 3d). These results confirm the observation in Figure 2 that the plane defined by RAL, RAM, and RAT is approximately orthogonal to that defined by SDLI and SDHI. RSD has the largest loading in principal component 2 (Figure 3c) but also has significant loading in the other 2 principal components, consistent with that the RSD vectors are positioned at the intersection between the plane defined by SDLI and SDHI, and that by RAL, RAM, and RAT. Principal component 1 explains 62% variances while that of principal component 3 explains 12%, suggesting that SDLI, SDHI, and RSD have larger changes than RAL, RAM, and RAT. This was indeed the case as found in the previous study that nearly five times more proteins were found to have elevated SD than to have upregulated abundance when the M. tuberculosis cells were shifted from LI to HI conditions (Rao et al., 2008a).
|Although the first 2 principal components represent 82% variances and the 3rd principal component represents only 12%, we choose to map the 287 proteins into the 3-D space defined by the first 3 principal components instead of a 2-D plane defined by the first 2 principal components. This is because of the dominant contribution of RAL, RAM, and RAT to the 3rd principal component (Figure 3d).
|The T2 value is a statistical measure indicating the multivariate distance of each protein from the center of the dataset. This is used to find the proteins with extreme changes in the data. As expected and shown in Figure 4, the proteins with T 2 5 , which is the median T2 for the 287 proteins, mostly distribute at the outer shell of the data cluster. We also examine the distribution of the proteins with different spectral counts. Figure 4 shows that the proteins at the most outward space tend to have lower spectral counts. This however does not imply that proteins with a large spectral count have lower T2 values, as verified in Figure S1. In other words, significant changes occur at all levels of protein abundance. This excludes the possibility that the changes observed were mainly due to experimental error or computational method bias. This is also confirmed in Figure 3. The highly ordered contribution of the six protein ratio categories to the first 3 principal components (Figure 3) does not support that measurement variations play a dominant role in the patterns we have observed. In Figure 3, the first 3 principal components almost perfectly explain all of the variances (94%). The six ratio categories have distinct distribution patterns among the first 3 principal components. Thus, the PCA results correctly reflect that the M. tuberculosis
cells adjust protein synthesis, degradation, or secretion to adapt between the LI and HI conditions (Rao et al., 2008a).
|Analysis on Functional Categories
|We perform statistical analysis on different functional categories of proteins using T2 as the index of gross change of a protein incurred in both abundance and turnover. As shown in Figure 5, we group the 287 proteins based on the 12 functional categories defined in Tuberculist to test whether a functional category of proteins has more significant changes than others. The regulatory proteins (FCC =9) turn out to have a median T2 statistically higher than that of all the 287 proteins, as well as higher than those of several other functional categories (Figure 5). Since the TIGR functional category definition is more detailed, we also group the 287 proteins based on the 25 TIGR functional categories (Figure S2) to verify the result found with the Tuberculist definition. Based on the TIGR definition, the regulatory protein functional category still has a median T2 larger than those of most other functional categories. The median T2 of the proteins in the regulatory functional category is statistically higher than those of three other functional categories. The result is consistent with what we observe using the Tuberculist definition. Among the detected regulatory proteins is Rv1626, a two-component system transcriptional regulator. It has a T2 value of 36.1 and 3 detected peptides. The results from the three protein quantitation methods indicate that Rv1626 has RAL of 0.78-1.1, RAM of 1.5-2.0, RAT of 1.4-1.7, and RSD of 1.4-3.4 (Table S2), suggesting possible upregulation of its de novo synthesis at the HI condition. Rv1626 has been proposed to be a putative transcriptional antiterminator from M. tuberculosis based on a structural study (Morth et al., 2004). It is a RNA binding protein and was shown to be required for optimal growth of M. tuberculosis (Sassetti and Rubin, 2003).
|It is intriguing to observe that these regulatory proteins collectively have higher T2 values. On the other hand, most of these regulatory proteins are expressed at low abundance as suggested by their small number of detected peptides (1 to 2). This does not allow us to further analyze many of them on an individual basis with statistical confidence. This will await further in-depth analysis of the proteome. Nevertheless, the results here demonstrate that T2 as an index is useful for analyzing groups of proteins. Upon the availability of larger dataset, T2 may be useful for studying pathway response based on protein dynamics data as well.
|Other Proteins with Large T2 Values
|The list of the proteins having T2 values greater than the third quartile T2 include many of those proteins previously found to have statistically significant changes in protein turnover, such as AtpD (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b), SodA (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b), KatG (Rao et al., 2008a; Rao et al., 2008b), Mce1D (Rao et al., 2008a), and Rv0284 (Rao et al., 2008a) (Figure 6). Together with AtpD, the other two detected F0F1-ATP synthase subunits AtpA and AtpH are also within these 71 proteins having T2 greater than the third quartile T2. These 71 proteins also include 17 of the 26 proteins found to have statistically significant protein turnover change in the previous study (Rao et al., 2008a). These results strongly support that T2 is a very useful index of gross change for ranking proteins having a significant change in protein dynamics. In this study, T2 values are calculated using both protein turnover and relative abundance information generated by several complementary quantitation methods. We anticipate T2 to be a more comprehensive means to capture changes originating from the proteome dynamics, compared to using protein turnover or relative abundance data alone. It also makes the integration of the protein abundance and turnover data seeminglessly straightforward.
|Using the antigen 85 complex as an example, we further examine the consistency of using T2 in discerning changes for proteins having related functions. The antigen 85 complex is a predominant secreted component identified in all filtrates of mycobacterial species examined to date (Daffe, 2000). The antigen 85 proteins are encoded by the fibronectin-binding protein (Fbp) genes. These proteins have mycoloyltransferase activity, and catalyze the transfer of a mycoloyl residue from one molecule of α, α'trehalose monomycolate to another that leads to the formation of α, α' trehalose dimycolate. They thus have an important role in cell wall integrity and permeability. Interestingly, isoniazid induces the overexpression of the antigen 85 complex in M. tuberculosis (Garbe et al., 1996). This is however not surprising because isoniazid targets InhA which results in blockage of the biosynthesis of mycolic acids which are major lipids of the mycobacterial envelope (Marrakchi et al., 2000). The antigen 85 complex proteins also exhibit fibronectinbinding activity. They could facilitate the entry of mycobacteria into host cells (Hetland and Wiker, 1994), suggesting that they also involve in pathogenicity. Indeed, disruption of the antigen 85A gene in this complex attenuated the virulence of H37Rv in mice, but the mutant retained vaccinogenic potential (Copenhaver et al., 2004). The antigen 85 complex consists of three proteins in mycobacteria, including FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC. These multiple Fbp enzymes have partial redundancy in mycoloyltransferase activity and are not specific for the various arabinogalactan mycoloylation regions (Puech et al., 2002). Completion of the M. tuberculosis genome (Cole et al., 1998) revealed that a fourth gene, fbpD, is also present and codes for a Fbpresembling protein. All of FbpA, FbpB, FbpC, and FbpD are detected in this study. Based on the function redundancy and similarity, we anticipate these Fbps to share similar trend of changes.
|The Fbps have similar T2 values ranging from 15.6 to 19.2, which are around the third quartile T2 of 17.3. From Table 1, it is first noticeable that most of the relative abundance ratios are below 1, concurring with the fact that these Fbps are major secreted proteins in the mycobacterial filtrates. The highly consistent RAL values (between 0.45 and 0.61) for FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC indicate that these proteins are secreted by a similar proportion. The RAL value measures how much of the old fraction of a protein remained in the cells after the cultures grew by 2-fold increase in cell density in the LI and HI media respectively (Rao et al., 2008a). The RAL values would remain at 1 if no secretion or degradation occurs. The data here indicate that about 45% more of the old FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC were secreted in the HI cells than in the LI cells, suggesting accelerated secretion of FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC in the HI cells. If there was no difference in de novo synthesis rate
between the LI and HI cells, the RAM values should remain similar to the RAL values. The data in Table 1 show the opposite. The RAM values are collectively higher than the RAL values, suggesting increased accumulation of new fraction of the proteins in the HI cells. This increased accumulation of the de novo synthesized proteins, however, does not result in upregulation of the intracellular abundance of these Fbps. The total abundance of these Fbps actually deceases in the HI cells as shown by the observation that the RAT values are all less than 1. We exclude the possibility that these proteins were downregulated in expression, because the protein turnover values (SD) are higher than 2 for FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC. A theoretical value of 2 is expected for SD because the cultures grew by 2-fold increase in cell density (Rao et al., 2008a). Deviation from this expected value is a reflection of protein degradation, secretion, or change in expression. FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC have SD values greater than 2, indicating active de novo synthesis. With a rate of de novo synthesis greater than that of secretion or degradation, secretion or degradation contributes to a higher SD value (Rao et al., 2008b). Thus, the data indicate active de novo synthesis as well as secretion of FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC. The RSD values have the overall trend of being greater than 1 but this is not statistically significant. Thus, the data only indicate slight regulation of turnover
for these Fbps by the shift in iron availability. Nevertheless, FbpA, FbpB, and FbpC share similar trend of changes as predicted by their T2 values.
|Combination of protein turnover and abundance data provides multi-dimensional information for more sensitively dissecting the proteome dynamics of iron-starved M. tuberculosis cells in response to a change in iron availability. Meanwhile, the data represent a challenge for automated interpretation of biological meanings. In this study, we have demonstrated that PCA can be used to reduce the data dimension with little loss of information. We have used the T2 value as the index of gross change to compare the proteins belonging to different functional categories. The results suggest that the proteins belonging to the functional category of regulatory proteins show a median T2 value that is statistically higher than those from some other functional categories. We also closely examine the antigen 85 complex, demonstrating that T2 correctly predicts the coordinated changes of the antigen 85 complex proteins.
|This study shows that T2 is a useful quantifiable index for analyzing the response of groups of proteins in proteome dynamics studies. The T2 value will probably be also adequate for pathway analysis using both protein turnover and abundance information which is under ongoing study.
|This work was supported by the Hans Vahlteich Research Award from College of Pharmacy at University of Illinois at Chicago, and the NIH grant R03AI073469-01A1. We thank G. Marcela Rodriguez and Issar Smith for kindly reading the manuscript and providing helpful comments.
Apraiz I, Mi J, Cristobal S (2006) Identification of proteomic signatures of exposure to marine pollutants in mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mol Cell Proteomics 5: 1274- 1285. » CrossRef » PubMed » Google Scholar


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text: Genetic evaluation of mesenchymal stem cellsDéborah Afonso Cornélio, Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de MedeirosRevista brasileira de hematologia e hemoterapia2014The use of mesenchymal stem cells/mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine is increasing throughout the world. These cells can easily be isolated from different tissues and expanded in vitro to produce a sufficient number of cells that do not have infusion-related toxicity in humans during cell therapy. Moreover, they have the ability of… (More)


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Europa Leisure are a UK based stylish outdoor furniture brand that combine well-crafted designs with on-trend styles to create the finest table and chairs. The Europa Leisure Coffee Libeccio Table & Chairs displays this delightfully with the help of its mix of resin and glass-fibre making it immensely strong and weather resistant; the extension when not in use is stored underneath. It has a parasol hole and adjustable feet. The attractive and ever popular coffee colour makes it stand out from the crowd. This table is designed and made in Italy the Libeccio table is eye-catching. It will extend from 160 to 220cms. These features would look superb in a modern outdoor setting.
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CHAPTER ONE ~ The Juggling Clock
"The Queen, perhaps?" Lord Hemnen forced himself to say, though not without an internal wince.
The King, to the contrary, did not shirk at displaying his own wince outwardly. He, unlike Hemnen, had no such obdurate fortitude which might compel him to disguise his discomfort. "That is part of it."
"I see."
There was a short silence.
"Go on."
"My wife's wish to me…it is rather unusual."
"Please—don't mind me."
"I shan't. You are, after all, my oldest friend. Yet I am afraid that you will think it is stupid. I myself find it a charming idea, but I have no wish to…"
"How can I be a judge if you feel unable to put the notion before my judgement?"
"Forgive me. I do not try to beat about the bush."
"No." There was a pause, as the King resolved to cease his incessant digressions and divulge the subject of his imminent narrative—and Hemnen prayed that his friend would soon do so.
The King sighed deeply, his eyes straying to a wooden clock on a shelf across the room from the alcove. It was a picturesque little timepiece, carved by a master craftsman in the naked shapes of wise-eyed cherub attendants, flying, feasting and making music with the guiltless ease of pagan deities.
Besides its quaint beauty, it was also a clock enfabled by the people of Carmun. It was said that this very clock had been juggled by King Duaryth II's jester: 'twas an impromptu act at a banquet party. But the legend also went on that the jester had lost control of his juggling items, being 'slightly' tipsy, and, losing all spatial awareness, had accidently thrown the clock halfway across the hall. The heavy object had struck the King squarely on the temple, the pointy nose of one of the cherubim embedding neatly inside his head—and the monarch was rendered dead within the minute.
This story perhaps told itself to the King in that space of a few seconds, for he shivered violently, and turned quickly back to his visitor.
"My wife's dying wish," he said weightily, "is that every citizen of Carmun, if he names his son Duaryth, will be blessed with a knighthood and certain other privileges. All for a name—my name—Duaryth, Duaryth, Duaryth, Duaryth."


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Keep Firewood Close to Home!
Now that summer is in full swing, it means more BBQs, more boating, and more camping. This is the perfect time to remind people to keep an eye out for pesky hitchhikers that can catch a ride on our personal belongings and things we carry around with us. For example, by transporting firewood or other wood products from one place to another, you could be spreading destructive plant pests without even knowing it. Movement of pest-infested wood to un-infested areas has been implicated in the spread of several destructive pests, including the emerald ash borer (Utah Pests News, Winter 2014) and the velvet longhorned beetle (Utah Dept. of Ag. and Food News Bulletin).
Velvet longhorned beetle has already been found in Utah
Emerald ash borer (EAB) has not been encountered in Utah, but does pose a significant risk of introduction and establishment, especially considering that in September 2013, it was found in Boulder, Colorado. EAB specializes on ash trees, and is considered to be the most destructive
Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive pest that specializes on ash trees, and is considered to be the most destructive forest insect to ever invade the U.S.
Many insects and diseases that threaten natural resources can lie dormant in wood products for long periods of time (1-2 years), and once they emerge from their protected retreats, they begin infesting trees and reproducing to ensure the survival of their species. However, we may not even realize that the pest is present until many years later, when their populations are at higher levels and/or damage is more apparent and widespread. In some cases, infested trees cannot be saved and will eventually die. When we transport wood, we may be contributing to the killing of trees – trees that provide us food (e.g., apples, cherries) or are found in some of our favorite places (e.g., national/regional parks). Trees have important social, health, environmental, and economic benefits, so it is crucial that we do what we can to prevent invasive pests from entering or spreading throughout our state.
A study conducted by Oregon State researchers found that 20 live and invasive insects were found in just 6 bundles of firewood purchased at grocery stores throughout their state. These firewood bundles originated as far away as New Zealand and Russia.
In June of 2014, we spent an afternoon visiting a few Cache County stores that sell firewood to determine whether our local stores sell out-of-state firewood. Of the 7 different firewood bundles that we examined, only one originated from Utah (Salt Lake City). The remaining bundles originated from California, Oregon, New Mexico, and Canada, and one was of unknown origin. Some of these firewood bundles were labeled as kiln-dried and pest free, but kiln-drying firewood is not considered to be as effective at killing pests as heat treating (see article, "Kiln Dried vs Heat Treated Firewood" for more information).
Firewood that has been packaged and heat treated (i.e., exposed to temperatures of at least 160°F for 75 minutes) is generally considered to be free from pests. Firewood that has been heat treated usually contains a USDA APHIS treatment seal on the package.
How Can You Help?
- Avoid transporting firewood across county lines. A good rule of thumb is to purchase firewood within 50 miles of your campsite.
- Call ahead to your camping destination for assistance in tracking down a local firewood dealer and leave unburned firewood behind. Wood that looks healthy may still be harboring tiny insect eggs or fungal spores.
- Keep an eye out for invasive bark- and wood-boring pests (see "Don't Move Firewood's" Gallery of Pests for a list of non-native pests that can spread via firewood or other wood products like pallets and wood chips).
- Tell your family and friends about the dangers associated with moving firewood and other wood products.
Many agencies have initiated campaigns to help raise awareness about the dangers of moving firewood. For example, the "Don't Move Firewood" campaign, which was first launched by the Nature Conservancy in July 2008, has played a major role in slowing the spread of invasive bark- and wood-boring insects. The Nature Conservancy has partnered with dozens of state and federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Forest Service, since their initial inception. For more information about the campaigns against transporting firewood and other wood products, please follow the links below.
- Nature Conservancy: www.dontmovefirewood.org
- USDA APHIS: www.hungrypests.com
- USDA APHIS: stopthebeetle.info
-Lori Spears, USU CAPS Co-Coordinator
Knight, P. 2011. OSU uses campground firewood as invasive species education tool. Media article available by clicking here.
Oliver, M. 2014. Science Findings 158. Exploring connections between trees and human health. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Available by clicking here.