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I want to make cutting-edge biology research accessible to those who do not have the background, and to attempt to illuminate why it is so important that we spend billions of dollars each year to study how sex is determined in a nematode, how a particular species of tree disperses its seeds, or what changes take place when a yeast cell ages and dies. These studies may not seem relevant — but I will try to convince you, along with myself, that they are, and how they could change the way we live.
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by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Every thirteen years they come. After over a decade underground, they build burrows to the earth's surface and emerge in synchrony, clawing and crawling up through the soil, rip their skins down the back and are reborn as adults. And after a month, they will be dead, whether consumed by the animals awaiting their arrival [...]... Read more »
Wheeler, G., Williams, K., & Smith, K. (1992) Role of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) in forest nutrient cycles. Forest Ecology and Management, 51(4), 339-346. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90333-5
Pray, C., Nowlin, W., & Vanni, M. (2009) Deposition and decomposition of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: ) in woodland aquatic ecosystems . Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 28(1), 181-195. DOI: 10.1899/08-038.1
Yang, L. (2004) Periodical Cicadas as Resource Pulses in North American Forests. Science, 306(5701), 1565-1567. DOI: 10.1126/science.1103114
Yang, L. (2005) Interactions between a detrital resource pulse and a detritivore community. Oecologia, 147(3), 522-532. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0276-0
Speer, J., Clay, K., Bishop, G., & Creech, M. (2010) The Effect of Periodical Cicadas on Growth of Five Tree Species in Midwestern Deciduous Forests. The American Midland Naturalist, 164(2), 173-186. DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-164.2.173
Koenig, W., & Liebhold, A. (2003) Regional impacts of periodical cicadas on oak radial increment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33(6), 1084-1089. DOI: 10.1139/X03-037
Yang, L. (2008) PULSES OF DEAD PERIODICAL CICADAS INCREASE HERBIVORY OF AMERICAN BELLFLOWERS. Ecology, 89(6), 1497-1502. DOI: 10.1890/07-1853.1
Krohne, D., Couillard, T., & Riddle, J. (1991) Population Responses of Peromyscus leucopus and Blarina brevicauda to Emergence of Periodical Cicadas. American Midland Naturalist, 126(2), 317. DOI: 10.2307/2426107
Koenig, W., & Liebhold, A. (2005) EFFECTS OF PERIODICAL CICADA EMERGENCES ON ABUNDANCE AND SYNCHRONY OF AVIAN POPULATIONS. Ecology, 86(7), 1873-1882. DOI: 10.1890/04-1175
Koenig, W., Ries, L., Olsen, V., & Liebhold, A. (2011) Avian predators are less abundant during periodical cicada emergences, but why?. Ecology, 92(3), 784-790. DOI: 10.1890/10-1583.1
Lehmann-Ziebarth, N., Heideman, P., Shapiro, R., Stoddart, S., Hsiao, C., Stephenson, G., Milewski, P., & Ives, A. (2005) EVOLUTION OF PERIODICITY IN PERIODICAL CICADAS. Ecology, 86(12), 3200-3211. DOI: 10.1890/04-1615
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Once I dreamed a dream of being an evolutionary biologist. As I imagined it, I would hang out in a natural history museum, comparing fossils to one another, taking notes on the minute differences, and piecing together the history of life. It wasn't until a job fair years ago, when I babbled to an evolutionary [...]... Read more »
Barnes, D., Kuklinski, P., Jackson, J., Keel, G., Morley, S., & Winston, J. (2011) Scott's collections help reveal accelerating marine life growth in Antarctica. Current Biology, 21(4). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.033
Hoeksema, B., van der Land, J., van der Meij, S., van Ofwegen, L., Reijnen, B., van Soest, R., & de Voogd, N. (2011) Unforeseen importance of historical collections as baselines to determine biotic change of coral reefs: the Saba Bank case. Marine Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00434.x
Parker, P., Buckles, E., Farrington, H., Petren, K., Whiteman, N., Ricklefs, R., Bollmer, J., & Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G. (2011) 110 Years of Avipoxvirus in the Galapagos Islands. PLoS ONE, 6(1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015989
Steege, H., Haripersaud, P., Banki, O., & Schieving, F. (2010) A model of botanical collectors' behavior in the field: Never the same species twice. American Journal of Botany, 98(1), 31-37. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000215
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Trying to capture the movement of a colony of leaf-cutter ants in a single photo is nearly impossible in my (amateur) experience. The queues of ants follow a worn-down trail in the ground that they themselves made with the impact of their little ant feet. There are ants moving in both directions, between the food [...]... Read more »
Currie, C., Scott, J., Summerbell, R., & Malloch, D. (1999) Fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing bacteria to control garden parasites. Nature, 398(6729), 701-704. DOI: 10.1038/19519
Schoenian, I., Spiteller, M., Ghaste, M., Wirth, R., Herz, H., & Spiteller, D. (2011) Chemical basis of the synergism and antagonism in microbial communities in the nests of leaf-cutting ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(5), 1955-1960. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1008441108
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
"Evolutionary biology has been enriched by considering not only how adaptation happens, but also why it often does not happen, or at least does not happen as we might naively expect." - Douglas Futuyma (2010) In 2005, a group of … Continue reading →... Read more »
Bradshaw, A. (1991) The Croonian Lecture, 1991: Genostasis and the Limits to Evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 333(1267), 289-305. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1991.0079
Futuyma, D. (2010) EVOLUTIONARY CONSTRAINT AND ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. Evolution, 64(7), 1865-1884. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00960.x
Hoffmann, A. (2003) Low Potential for Climatic Stress Adaptation in a Rainforest Drosophila Species. Science, 301(5629), 100-102. DOI: 10.1126/science.1084296
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Today I bring you something extra special: A guest post from Lucas Brouwers of the world-famous blog Thoughtomics. He loves genomes, I love plankton, and you get a great story involving spaceships, genomic party crashers, and, of course, a planktonic … Continue reading →... Read more »
Denoeud F, Henriet S, Mungpakdee S, Aury JM, Da Silva C, Brinkmann H, Mikhaleva J, Olsen LC, Jubin C, Cañestro C.... (2010) Plasticity of Animal Genome Architecture Unmasked by Rapid Evolution of a Pelagic Tunicate. Science (New York, N.Y.). PMID: 21097902
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Eutrophication has gained a pretty bad reputation considering that it is a natural process. The word itself comes from the Greek "eutrophia" which means "healthy" and simply means the addition of nutrients into an ecosystem encouraging plant growth. Of course, … Continue reading →... Read more »
Wimp, G., Murphy, S., Finke, D., Huberty, A., & Denno, R. (2010) Increased primary production shifts the structure and composition of a terrestrial arthropod community. Ecology, 91(11), 3303-3311. DOI: 10.1890/09-1291.1
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
There are under 200 California condors alive in the wild. There are under 600 wild Ethiopian wolves. There are around 3500 wild tigers and under 5500 African wild dogs outside of zoos. It has been ingrained in all of us … Continue reading →... Read more »
Brashares, J., Werner, J., & Sinclair, A. (2010) Social 'meltdown' in the demise of an island endemic: Allee effects and the Vancouver Island marmot. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79(5), 965-973. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01711.x
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
"Taxonomy and classification are funny," my father joked recently, "because the organisms being classified really don't care what they are. We're the only ones who care!" Well, at least I thought it was a good joke. And it speaks to … Continue reading →... Read more »
Cotton, J., & McInerney, J. (2010) Eukaryotic genes of archaebacterial origin are more important than the more numerous eubacterial genes, irrespective of function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000265107
Gribaldo S, Poole AM, Daubin V, Forterre P, & Brochier-Armanet C. (2010) The origin of eukaryotes and their relationship with the Archaea: are we at a phylogenomic impasse?. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 8(10), 743-52. PMID: 20844558
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
"Overfishing" is a term associated with resource depletion, extinction, and human greed. While the definition of overfishing is technically a subjective measure (How much fishing is too much?), it has been widely accepted to mean catching more of an aquatic … Continue reading →... Read more »
Dulvy, N., Sadovy, Y., & Reynolds, J. (2003) Extinction vulnerability in marine populations. Fish and Fisheries, 4(1), 25-64. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00105.x
Vetemaa, M., Eschbaum, R., Albert, A., Saks, L., Verliin, A., Jurgens, K., Kesler, M., Hubel, K., Hannesson, R., & Saat, T. (2010) Changes in fish stocks in an Estonian estuary: overfishing by cormorants?. ICES Journal of Marine Science. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq113
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
"When I think of the floor of the deep sea…I see always the steady, unremitting, downward drift of materials from above, flake upon flake, layer upon layer…the most stupendous "snowfall" the earth has ever seen." -Rachel Carson, The Sea Around … Continue reading →... Read more »
Bochdansky, A., van Aken, H., & Herndl, G. (2010) Role of macroscopic particles in deep-sea oxygen consumption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(18), 8287-8291. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913744107
Boyce, D., Lewis, M., & Worm, B. (2010) Global phytoplankton decline over the past century. Nature, 466(7306), 591-596. DOI: 10.1038/nature09268
Fowler, S., Buat-Menard, P., Yokoyama, Y., Ballestra, S., Holm, E., & Nguyen, H. (1987) Rapid removal of Chernobyl fallout from Mediterranean surface waters by biological activity. Nature, 329(6134), 56-58. DOI: 10.1038/329056a0
Goldthwait, S., Carlson, C., Henderson, G., & Alldredge, A. (2005) Effects of physical fragmentation on remineralization of marine snow. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 59-65. DOI: 10.3354/meps305059
Iseki, K. (1981) Particulate Organic Matter Transport to the Deep Sea by Salp Fecal Pellets. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 55-60. DOI: 10.3354/meps005055
Lampitt, R., Hillier, W., & Challenor, P. (1993) Seasonal and diel variation in the open ocean concentration of marine snow aggregates. Nature, 362(6422), 737-739. DOI: 10.1038/362737a0
SILVER, M., SHANKS, A., & TRENT, J. (1978) Marine Snow: Microplankton Habitat and Source of Small-Scale Patchiness in Pelagic Populations. Science, 201(4353), 371-373. DOI: 10.1126/science.201.4353.371
Turner, J. (2002) Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 57-102. DOI: 10.3354/ame027057
WOTTON, R., & MALMQVIST, B. (2001) Feces in Aquatic Ecosystems. BioScience, 51(7), 537. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0537:FIAE]2.0.CO;2
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Never thought I'd actually get around to a Pt. 2, eh? Well, I've shown you! Here's the first part: Inevitability and Oil, Pt. 1: the inherent risk for accidents in complex technology For decades now economists and scientists have predicted the "end of oil:" the day when we use up our oil reserves, potentially resulting [...]... Read more »
Haber, W. (2007) Energy, food, and land — The ecological traps of humankind. Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International, 14(6), 359-365. DOI: 10.1065/espr2007.09.449
Kerr, R. (1998) GEOLOGY:The Next Oil Crisis Looms Large--and Perhaps Close. Science, 281(5380), 1128-1131. DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5380.1128
Szeman, I. (2007) System Failure: Oil, Futurity, and the Anticipation of Disaster. South Atlantic Quarterly, 106(4), 805-823. DOI: 10.1215/00382876-2007-047
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
If you've been on the internet at all in the past week, you've probably seen these lovely images from NASA, visualizing the height of tree canopies around the world. They've been on science sites along with art ones. In a sense, that alone is useful: using beautiful visuals to make people think about the world [...]... Read more »
Cohen, W., Harmon, M., Wallin, D., & Fiorella, M. (1996) Two Decades of Carbon Flux from Forests of the Pacific Northwest. BioScience, 46(11), 836. DOI: 10.2307/1312969
Lefsky, M., Cohen, W., Harding, D., Parker, G., Acker, S., & Gower, S. (2002) Lidar remote sensing of above-ground biomass in three biomes. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11(5), 393-399. DOI: 10.1046/j.1466-822x.2002.00303.x
Lefsky, M., Harding, D., Keller, M., Cohen, W., Carabajal, C., Del Bom Espirito-Santo, F., Hunter, M., & de Oliveira, R. (2005) Estimates of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass using ICESat. Geophysical Research Letters, 32(22). DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023971
Running, S. (1999) A Global Terrestrial Monitoring Network Integrating Tower Fluxes, Flask Sampling, Ecosystem Modeling and EOS Satellite Data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 70(1), 108-127. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00061-9
Silva, L., Anand, M., & Leithead, M. (2010) Recent Widespread Tree Growth Decline Despite Increasing Atmospheric CO2. PLoS ONE, 5(7). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011543
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
Dimethylsulfide. Does that word mean anything to you? "Why yes," you organic chemistry nerds may say, "It clearly is a molecule of sulfur with two methyl groups attached." That's as far as I could have gotten – until this past week, when I inundated myself with information on dimethylsulfide (DMS) due to a paper published [...]... Read more »
DeBose, J., Lema, S., & Nevitt, G. (2008) Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a Foraging Cue for Reef Fishes. Science, 319(5868), 1356-1356. DOI: 10.1126/science.1151109
Nevitt, G. (2008) Sensory ecology on the high seas: the odor world of the procellariiform seabirds. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(11), 1706-1713. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.015412
Seymour, J., Simo, R., Ahmed, T., & Stocker, R. (2010) Chemoattraction to Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Throughout the Marine Microbial Food Web. Science, 329(5989), 342-345. DOI: 10.1126/science.1188418
Simó, R. (2001) Production of atmospheric sulfur by oceanic plankton: biogeochemical, ecological and evolutionary links. Trends in Ecology , 16(6), 287-294. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02152-8
Stefels, J., Steinke, M., Turner, S., Malin, G., & Belviso, S. (2007) Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling. Biogeochemistry, 83(1-3), 245-275. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-007-9091-5
Van Alstyne, K., Wolfe, G., Freidenburg, T., Neill, A., & Hicken, C. (2001) Activated defense systems in marine macroalgae: evidence for an ecological role for DMSP cleavage. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 53-65. DOI: 10.3354/meps213053
G. V. Wolfe, M. Steinke, & G. O. Kirst. (1997) Grazing-activated chemical defence in a unicellular marine alga. Nature, 894-897. info:/
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
To some people, a volcanic eruption means "Ahh! Run! Hot Lava!" But to others, it means "SCIENCE!" To those studying hydrothermal vent communities, that is (and a wide berth of geologists). Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the seafloor formed when tectonic plates spread apart, which spew out hot, mineral-rich water from the interior of the [...]... Read more »
Mullineaux, L., Adams, D., Mills, S., & Beaulieu, S. (2010) Larvae from afar colonize deep-sea hydrothermal vents after a catastrophic eruption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(17), 7829-7834. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913187107
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
When I read updates on blogs or the news about the BP oil spill, my expression is generally very serious: furrowed brow, pursed lips which I'm probably chewing in alternation with gnawing a nail. But last week I laughed out loud, a true LOL, a brash guffaw. ("What?!" my labmates inquired.) I had read this [...]... Read more »
Gephart, R. (2004) Normal Risk: Technology, Sense Making, and Environmental Disasters. Organization , 17(1), 20-26. DOI: 10.1177/1086026603262030
Leveson, N., Dulac, N., Marais, K., & Carroll, J. (2009) Moving Beyond Normal Accidents and High Reliability Organizations: A Systems Approach to Safety in Complex Systems. Organization Studies, 30(2-3), 227-249. DOI: 10.1177/0170840608101478
Weick, K. (2004) Normal Accident Theory As Frame, Link, and Provocation. Organization , 17(1), 27-31. DOI: 10.1177/1086026603262031
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
In any high school biology class1, we learn that isolation is key to the evolution of species. For example, take Australia, where an array of marsupials such as koalas and kangaroos reproduce like no other animals on the planet. Isolation on a continental island allowed ancestral marsupials to evolve gestation via pouch, a trait which [...]... Read more »
Cermeño, P., de Vargas, C., Abrantes, F., & Falkowski, P. (2010) Phytoplankton Biogeography and Community Stability in the Ocean. PLoS ONE, 5(4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010037
Fenchel, T., & Finlay, B. (2004) The Ubiquity of Small Species: Patterns of Local and Global Diversity. BioScience, 54(8), 777. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0777:TUOSSP]2.0.CO;2
Martiny, J., Bohannan, B., Brown, J., Colwell, R., Fuhrman, J., Green, J., Horner-Devine, M., Kane, M., Krumins, J., Kuske, C.... (2006) Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4(2), 102-112. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1341
O'Malley, M. (2007) The nineteenth century roots of 'everything is everywhere'. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 5(8), 647-651. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1711
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
On July 29th 2008, the day I turned 21 years, I received the best thing I could ask for: a birthday gift from Poseidon. I was living in Newport, OR at the time. After a long morning of observing nesting seabirds through a telescope, I returned home for what I presumed to be a long [...]... Read more »
Carr, S., Marshall, H., Johnstone, K., Pynn, L., & Stenson, G. (2002) How to Tell a Sea Monster: Molecular Discrimination of Large Marine Animals of the North Atlantic. Biological Bulletin, 202(1), 1. DOI: 10.2307/1543217
Pierce, S., Massey, S., Curtis, N., Smith, G., Olavarria, C., & Maugel, T. (2004) Microscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Characteristics of the Chilean Blob and a Comparison with the Remains of Other Sea Monsters: Nothing but Whales. Biological Bulletin, 206(3), 125. DOI: 10.2307/1543636
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
An underwater photographer has his camera stolen by a thieving octopus, who flees with the device, filming along the way. Sure, he was filming his own flesh, but baby's first movie isn't too shabby.
People love to talk about octopus "intelligence." The photographer specifies that the octopus wasn't attacking him, but just wanted to steal [...]... Read more »
Edelman, D., Baars, B., & Seth, A. (2005) Identifying hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 169-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.09.001
Mather, J. (2008) Cephalopod consciousness: Behavioural evidence. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(1), 37-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.11.006
SETH, A., BAARS, B., & EDELMAN, D. (2005) Criteria for consciousness in humans and other mammals. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 119-139. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.08.006
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
It's been a slow few weeks around here at Culturing Science. It's due to a little bit of writer's block, but mainly it's just the beautiful weather keeping me outdoors and away from the computer. Hopefully you've been outside so much that you haven't noticed.
But today my dream article was published: microorganisms, extreme environments, evolution, [...]... Read more »
Danovaro, R., Dell'Anno, A., Pusceddu, A., Gambi, C., Heiner, I., & Kristensen, R. (2010) The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions. BMC Biology, 8(1), 30. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-30
by Hannah Waters in Culturing Science – biology as relevant to us earthly beings
I rarely think about how invasive species affect genetics. It's always in terms of ecosystems or species: invasive brown tree snakes gobbling up birds and lizards in Guam, or zebra mussels overwhelming and altering the environment of the Great Lakes. How one species outcompetes and replaces another, changing the natural system. This is partly [...]... Read more »
Fitzpatrick, B., Johnson, J., Kump, D., Smith, J., Voss, S., & Shaffer, H. (2010) Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(8), 3606-3610. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911802107
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Véronique Cloutier is leaving her hit show Les enfants de la téléVéronique Cloutier. Courtesy of Radio-Canada. The strange sound you hear right now inside the Radio-Canada tower is the sound of the TV network's executives sucking in their breath as they ...
Museum ranks All-Time Top 5 songs about MontrealThe Pointe-à-Callière museum in Old Montreal – whose mission is to raise awareness and foster an appreciation of Montreal's history – has released a Top 5 list of songs about ...


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Linley furniture in demand abroad
Demand from overseas buyers for bespoke furniture has helped the Queen's nephew, Viscount Linley, to generate record sales and boosted plans for his fourth store in London, which will open during the Olympics. Linley has experienced a year-on-year trading increase of 25 per cent, with e-commerce sales up 70 per cent, and has signed up for a store in Mayfair's Burlington Arcade.
Apple faces fine in Italy on warranty
Italy's competition regulator is threatening iPhone maker Apple with a fine of up to €300,000 (£244,000) if it does not offer local customers a free two-year warranty as demanded by Italian law, a source close to the watchdog said. The US business already faces penalties of €900,000 for failing to tell customers about their right to free assistance.
Glencore 'faces merger failure bill'
The Independent on Sunday says commodities giant Glencore will be forced to hand over nearly £300m to the FTSE 100 miner Xstrata, should it walk away from the £50bn merger. Advisers on both sides are also expected to lose well over £100m in fees, if Glencore's boss, Ivan Glasenberg, decides to abandon the merger rather than sweeten its terms.
Investors turn on Bob Diamond
The Sunday Telegraph says two of Barclays' leading shareholders have demanded the removal of Bob Diamond, the chief executive, and Marcus Agius, its chairman, as the firestorm surrounding the bank intensifies. One investor dismissed suggestions that Mr Diamond was required to lead the bank out of its current problems.
Pressure to stiffen Vickers' reforms
Financial Times Weekend reports Lord Lamont, a former Tory chancellor, and Lord Myners, ex-City minister, said the Barclays scandal meant tougher legislation was needed to clean up banking. Critics say Sir John Vickers' plans to ringfence retail banking from "casino" operations in investment banking go far enough.
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Item description for Enhancing Human Performance via Simulation-based Training and Aiding by D M Towne...This volume presents an object-oriented approach for developing interactive graphical device models and for delivering instruction and performance aiding with such models. The volume attempts to illustrate, via a series of examples, why and how the particular design given satisfies relatively intensive and diverse instructional and performance-aiding demands with surprising ease. The early chapters focus on the fundamental design concepts upon which all applications stand, including a consistent design of the basic elements - objects - from which all models are produced; a clear separation between the model of the target domain and the instructional processes; and, wherever possible, automatic generation of user interactions, based on the structure and content of the model. Each of the later chapters focus on one particular application area, including explication of complex system functions, diagnostic instruction and guidance, procedural guidance, scenario-based instruction, and simulation-based technical documentation. The volume is intended to serve instructional designers, curriculum developers, and software implementers, an ambitious scope that is hopefully achieved via the early presentation of critical "nuts-and-bolts", followed by discussions of specific training and aiding environments that can be more selectively considered. The more complex examples presented in the volume are available for active operation and analysis in a Web site developed for the reader's use.
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
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COLUMBIA , Mo. -- Homeowners, renters and business owners who were affected by the severe storms, tornadoes and flooding of March 8-13 and March 30 - April 3, 2006, have been approved to receive more than $24.4 million in assistance from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) and the State of Missouri Emergency Management Agency (SEMA). Recovery Services Summary as of May 31, 2006 :
COLUMBIA, Mo. -- Missouri disaster victims living in: Bates, Benton, Boone, Carroll, Cass, Cedar, Christian, Cooper, Crawford, Greene, Henry, Hickory, Howard, Iron, Jefferson, Johnson, Lawrence, Lincoln, Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, New Madrid, Newton, Perry, Phelps, Pettis, Putnam, Randolph, Saline, Scott, St. Clair, Ste. Genevieve, Taney, Vernon, Webster and Wright who have not yet applied for federal disaster assistance have only one more week to apply.
COLUMBIA, Mo. -- The Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) in Sikeston, Missouri, operated jointly by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the State of Missouri Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) will close on Wednesday, May 10, 2006, at 7 p.m. The center is located in Scott County at the Lobby of Family Life Center, First United Methodist Church, 1307 North Main, Sikeston, Missouri. Federal and state officials are on site to provide information and answer questions for residents who registered for disaster assistance.
Financial Assistance
Individual Assistance - Dollars ApprovedIndividual Assistance Definitions
Individuals & Household Program (IHP): Provides money and services to people in Presidentially declared disaster areas.
Housing Assistance (HA): Provides assistance for disaster-related housing needs.
Other Needs Assistance (ONA): Provides assistance for other disaster-related needs, such as furnishings, transportation, and medical.
|Total Individual Assistance (IA) - Applications Approved:
|Total Individual & Households Program - Dollars Approved*
|Total Housing Assistance - Dollars Approved*
|Total Other Needs Assistance - Dollars Approved*
|Total Amount
Public Assistance - Dollars ApprovedPublic Assistance Definitions
Public Assistance (PA): Disaster grant assistance available for communities to quickly respond to and recover from major disasters or emergencies declared by the President
Emergency Work (Categories A-B): Work that must be performed to reduce or eliminate an immediate threat to life, protect public health and safety, and to protect improved property that is significantly threatened due to disasters or emergencies declared by the President
Permanent Work (Categories C-G): Work that is required to restore a damaged facility, through repair or restoration, to its pre-disaster design, function, and capacity in accordance with applicable codes and standards
*Dollars Approved: Assistance dollars approved but not necessarily disbursed.
*Dollars Obligated: Funds made available to the State via electronic transfer following FEMA's final review and approval of Public Assistance projects.
|Total Public Assistance Grants - Dollars Obligated*
|Emergency Work (Categories A-B) - Dollars Obligated*
|Permanent Work (Categories C-G) - Dollars Obligated*
|Total Amount
Related Links
- Missouri Office of the Governor
- Missouri Office of Homeland Security
- Missouri Flooding Disaster Assistance and Debris Removal


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Projects in 2016-2017
Food Support for School of Orphans
Our partner, the Bangladesh Buddhist Missionary Society, was founded in 1977 by Ven. Jivanananda Mahathera, a Buddhist monk who has dedicated his life to the service of suffering humanity. BBMS is a non-sectarian, non-communal, non-governmental organization officially registered in Bangladesh in 1979. Its purpose is to dispense humanitarian services especially to helpless orphans, distressed widows, and other indigent men and women. The Orphan's Home Complex is located at Betagi in the rural Chittagong Hills region, near the Karnaphuli River.The number of orphans has increased, food prices have risen, and government grants are not adequate to the need. The Orphans Home Complex will use the BGR donation to feed 54 children for 12 months. Annually renewable project.
Educating Ethnic Buddhist Minority Girls
The Jamyang Foundation (founded 1988 by Ven. Lekshe Tsomo) supports innovative education projects for indigenous girls and women in two of the neediest and most remote parts of the world: the Indian Himalayas and the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. These projects foster women's learning potential in ways that are harmonious with their unique Buddhist cultural backgrounds.
This BGR project will fund a school lunch program for 116 students studying at Visakha Girls' School in a remote location about 10 km from the small town of Manikchari. The program was designed by the teachers at the school together with the parents of the girls for the first time last year in response to a serious need for nourishing food for the students. The project includes hiring a cook to help with purchasing food, preparing the meals, and managing the dining room where the lunch is served. The majority of the funds are allocated for the purchase of rice, pulses, vegetables, and fruits. The school lunch program at Visakha Girls' School provides the nourishment the students might otherwise not receive.
Since the school lunch program was introduced last year, the teachers have observed increased attendance at the school, improved physical health, psychological development, and overall better wellness. Families are also relieved, knowing their children will get valuable schooling and at least one substantial meal per day.
A Permanent Dormitory for Boy Students in the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Our project partner, Moanoghar, was founded in 1974 by a group of Buddhist monks to provide shelter to children of the Chittagong Hill Tracts affected by conflict or living in remote areas. There are currently 805 residential children at Moanoghar, 55% boys and 45% girls. Many of these children lost one or both parents in the decades-long conflict that plagued this backward part of Bangladesh, a poor region in an extremely poor country.
While the girl students have a permanent dormitory, the dorms for boy students are built with bamboos and wood poles and all of them are more than 15 years old. These are temporary structures that require constant repair and maintenance. The grant from BGR will sponsor the construction of a three-story building with each floor providing accommodation to 40 children. It will be built from bricks on a solid foundation. When the building is complete, it will accommodate 120 children in total–a permanent solution to the problem of accommodation for the students. This will be the first year of a three-year project entirely supported by BGR, made possible through a generous donation from the Chao Foundation. This project testifies to the value of partnership in the effort to provide better opportunities for those in need. Year one of a three-year project.
Food Scholarships for Girls to Stay in School
Lotus Outreach, a trusted BGR partner since 2009, is dedicated to ensuring the education, health, and safety of at-risk and exploited women and children in the developing world, especially in Cambodia. The long-standing BGR-Lotus Outreach partnership provides rice support to primary, secondary, and tertiary students receiving scholarships via the GATE and GATEways programs. The GATE programs provides educational scholarships to girls pursuing primary and secondary education. The GATEways program builds on this by supporting girls who graduated from high school through GATE and are pursuing higher education at universities and technical schools across Cambodia.
Rice support is a critical feature of the GATE and GATEways programs. It not only ensures the girls will go to class with nourished minds and bodies, but relieves families of the pressures that often compel them to force their girls to drop out of school and join the work force. In 2015, 76 percent of GATE scholarship recipients successfully passed their examinations and advanced to the next grade level. Students enrolled in the GATE program are more likely to attend and stay in school, lowering their likelihood of turning to exploitative labor.
In the next phase of our partnership, BGR will provide Lotus Outreach with funding to offer 50 kilograms of rice each month during the next school year to the families of 70 girls who rank among the poorest of GATE scholarship recipients in Siem Reap, and an additional 5 families in Phnom Penh. Likewise, all of the 37 scholars enrolled in the GATEways program will receive a monthly provision of 15 kg of rice support to ensure they have enough to eat during their studies and will not be under constant pressure to drop out of college to find work. Annually renewable project.
Expanding the System of Rice Intensification
In Cambodia, around 80% of the population lives in rural areas and most depend on agricultural production, primarily rain-fed rice farming, for their livelihood. Most households hold less than one hectare of land. Women play a major role in rice production and in ensuring the well-being of the family, yet they are often excluded from decision-making at all levels and have less access to resources and services than men.
This project, with long-time BGR partner Rachana, is designed to spread the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and thereby empower women. SRI is an agro-ecological methodology for increasing the productivity of irrigated rice by changing the management of plants, soil, water and nutrients. The benefits of SRI have been demonstrated in over 50 countries (see map). They include:20%-100% or more increased yields, up to a 90% reduction in required seed, andup to 50% water savings. SRI principles and practices have been adapted for rainfed rice as well as for other crops (such as wheat and sugarcane), with yield increases and associated economic benefits.
The project collaborates with local authorities to ensure food security and increase the annual incomes of 1,065 farmers (female 783) through SRI, vegetables and cash crops, installing household level water harvesting techniques, and saving funds in groups. The project is also expected to increase resilience to climate change and reduce disaster risk. Annually renewable project.
A Food Program for Poor Children
The mission of CENCUDER (Centre for Community Development and Environmental Restoration) is "to enable rural youths and women to acquire survival skills in order to secure a better future for themselves through education and training in life and vocational skills." Ebase village is amongst the most marginalized rural areas in the Kupe-Muanenguba Division in southwest Cameroon. About 97% of the population are peasant farmers who have trouble affording their basic needs. The majority of the peasant farmers survive through subsistence agriculture and hunting, meaning they remain underemployed for almost a third of the year, driving them further into poverty. Hunger and poverty have colonized most families.
Ebase village operates a local community primary school as the only social facility. Families are unable to send their children to towns and cities because they cannot afford to pay house rents and buy school needs like uniforms and books. Only 58% of children will complete primary school.
The BGR-sponsored school feeding program aims to enhance the education and health of over 95 poor and needy village children, many of them girls and orphans, by distributing meals to them. It promotes literacy among school-age children suffering from chronic hunger and an insufficient diet. Introduced last year with support from BGR, the feeding program has helped solve many problems faced by the local community. Many more children now attend school and parents have seen improvements in their children's academic and moral output.
The program is expected to further increase school attendance, enhance learning capacity of undernourished children, improve their health, and act as an incentive for more children to attend school. Funding will cover kitchen equipment, consultants, and food for the students, increasing primary school attendance and improving the children's learning capacity and general health. Annually renewable project.
Cote d'Ivoire
Improving Nutrition among Children in Korhogo District
|© Copyright HKI
This project with Helen Keller International (HKI), a long-time BGR partner, aims to improve nutrition for pregnant women, infants, and children in the Korhogo District of Cote d'Ivoire. The project will be funded in its entirety by BGR. Cote d'Ivoire ranks 172 out of 188 countries on the UNDP Human Development Index, making it among the poorest countries in the world. Estimated child mortality under five years is 195 per 1,000 live births and life expectancy is just 54 years. Malnutrition, including vitamin and micro-nutrient deficiencies, is a major contributing factor to the high rate of infant mortality. Chronic malnutrition affects about 33% of children under five years.
The project will implement a program among young girls and women in Korhogo Health District over the next three years. Korhogo, located in the underserved Poro Region in northern Cote d'Ivoire, has 77 health clinics that serve a target population of around 760,000. HKI will use the Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA) framework to reach mothers at the right time with the right message. The ENA framework promotes optimal nutrition practices, including women's nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, feeding the sick child, vitamin A, and the integrated control of anemia, vitamin A and iodine deficiency.
This project's primary goal is to decrease the incidence of malnutrition in children during their first 1,000 days of life by training health workers in ENA in the Korhogo District. Trained health workers will in turn deliver messages and training to expectant mothers at all 77 health clinics in the health district. This will take place over the course of three years. By the end of this project, an estimated 77,000 children and their mothers will have been reached.
Feeding Children in Jacmel
Our partner, the Art Creation Foundation for Children, was started in 1999, with the mission "to build a passionate community of future leaders, visionaries and dynamic thinkers," empowering young people through art and education. A hundred young people are currently enrolled in their programs. Our partnership will help ACFFC maintain its after-school and summer feeding program, which has been affected by the recent increased cost of staple foods in Haiti. Children in this program do not otherwise have access to regular meals. Most would eat less than three meals a week if not for the program.
Since ACFFC provides tuition for their education, the feeding program is tied closely to their education program, and in fact the latter might not exist without the feeding program. Children who are hungry do not perform as well as those who have access to food, for their concentration levels are lower. Without the feeding program some of the children would not even show up for school, but instead choose to find other ways to obtain food each day. The after-school feeding program provides many of the children with the only meal they may have access to, Monday through Friday, and provides breakfast and lunch on Saturdays and during the summer program. Annually renewable project.
Food Aid Program in Jacmel
The Joan Rose Foundation (JRF) is a U.S. registered non-profit based in Bloomfield Village, Michigan. Its mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable Haitian children and their families. In October 2010 they opened in Esperanza, Dominican Republic, serving Haitian refugees in the country. In September 2015, to escape the discrimination against Haitians by the Dominican society and government, they moved operations and 23 core families to the Bois Boeuf neighborhood of Jacmel, Haiti.
The Food Aid and Food Security program sponsored by BGR will be implemented by JRF in Bois Boeuf, Jacmel. The beneficiaries of the project are the 115 people that live in the community. The project duration is twelve months. The objectives of the program are: (1) to provide children with two nutritious meals every day, supplying about 80 percent of their daily recommended calorie intake; (2) to incorporate healthy eating habits and improve the educational level of families; (3) to lessen the financial burden on families while they settle in Jacmel; (4) to help the community increase self-sufficiency and food security by creating a community garden; and (5) to strengthen community participation and organization.
To fulfill these objectives, the project will provide two meals daily, from Monday to Saturday, for the children of the JRF community. JRF will also offer a training workshop to the parents about healthy eating patterns and well balanced diets and create a community garden.
System of Rice Intensification in the Artibonite Valley
This project, a partnership between BGR and Oxfam America, is the third year of a three-year program. It expands on two prior years of development work focused in the Artibonite Valley in Haiti. Farmers currently suffer from poor production, ineffective processing systems, and disorganized management in marketing. As a result, 80% of Haiti's consumed rice is imported. The purpose of this project is to promote the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) among a new set of farmers in four additional crop blocks named Haut Zin, Potri, Castera, and Eroi.
The irrigation infrastructure serving these four crop blocks has fallen into disrepair, putting at risk the food security of the 1,500 farmers that work these blocks and their families. Support from BGR will help address this issue, and related needs, over the coming year.
The proposed activities to be served by the partnership are the following: (1) rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure serving the Haut Zin, Potri, Castera, and Eroi crop blocks; (2) support for the rehabilitation of agricultural roads within the crop blocks; (3) support for agricultural technicians to provide ongoing monitoring of and support to farmers implementing SRI within the four crop blocks; (4) support for the establishment of a regional coordination body to defend the interests of farmers in Haiti's rice sector; and (5) ongoing monitoring and project support.
Year three of a three-year project.
Meals for Hungry Kids in Port-au-Prince
This project continues our long-time partnership with the U.S.-based What If? Foundation, which has been providing critical food support in Haiti for more than sixteen years. WIF works in Haiti through its partner on the ground, Na Rive. Due to an extreme drought in Haiti, the number of severely food insecure people has doubled over the last six months.
A grant from BGR will support the Lamanjay Food Program in the Ti Plas Kazo neighborhood of Port-au-Prince. Based on current prices, this grant will provide more than 30,000 meals for hungry and malnourished children. For many children this continues to be their only solid meal of the day. It is particularly important now, during the drought crisis, that children receive these meals because it is very unlikely that they will receive food elsewhere.
A large, beautiful building, which will house the food program as well as a school, was just completed with funds from WIF. The kitchen will be moving to the new site in the next few weeks. Now that the construction of the school and kitchen/cafeteria is complete, Na Rive will soon be preparing and serving meals at the new building. Annually renewable project.
Education for Kids in Port-au-Prince
The children who live in the Ti Plas Kazo community in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti are extremely vulnerable to the pitfalls of the Haitian education system. Because their families are very poor, most are not able to afford tuition, and those who can afford it often have to choose inadequate schools. To help remedy this situation, the What If? Foundation recently funded the construction of a school–the Father Jeri Academic School–in the heart of Ti Plas Kazo. Construction was just completed in April.
The school will provide high quality education with a clear tuition and scholarship program that will educate hundreds of poor children each year and provide better opportunities for these children and their families in the future. Children will be selected for admission based on core criteria of need, character, and desire, as well as on their performance in previous educational programs, if applicable. Further, unlike many Haitian schools where the majority of students are male, at least 50% of the children at the Father Jeri School will be girls, reflecting a commitment to empowering girls to change the future.
The school will provide a kindergarten through eighth grade curriculum and will have up to 280 students. The school's mission, developed by community members and leaders, is to build the next generation of Haitian community leaders. To achieve this, there will be a combination of high academic standards with teachings of respect, empathy, and civic duty. The students will be entrusted with maintaining the school and the surrounding yard. This approach will create an environment and space for transformation where the children in Ti Plaz Kazo can thrive and grow to become change agents in the community.
The funding from BGR will enable the WIF to provide the components necessary for a strong school infrastructure, ensuring that the educational standards are high and that the accompanying facilities provide the best environment for learning. The BGR grant will cover the salary for an educational human resource specialist who will recruit and hire well-trained teachers and administrative staff. It will fund appropriate, comfortable furniture (including desks, tables, chairs, book shelves and storage) for classrooms and cafeteria to make the environment conducive to learning. And it will finance the modification of the land that surrounds the school to fit the needs of an educational environment.
The Father Jeri Academic School is not just the culmination of the Ti Plas Kazo Community's dream, but also a symbol of hope for the community, and a true catalyst for developing a new generation of Haitians. Year one of a three-year project.
This grant was made possible by a generous grant to BGR from the Chao Foundation, for which we are deeply grateful.
A Girls' Hostel and Women's Community Center in Nagpur
The Bodhicitta Foundation is a socially engaged charity established in 2001 by the Australian Buddhist nun, Ayya Yeshe, to help Dalits (scheduled classes) and slum dwellers in the state of Maharashtra. With funding from BGR, Bodhicitta has established a girls' hostel for thirty girls aged 16–22, who are being trained as social and health workers or to qualify in a vocation. The hostel helps them escape poverty, trafficking, and the sex industry. The girls, chosen because of their dedication to their studies, come from the poorest regions in India: 10 from Bihar, 10 from rural Maharashtra, and 10 from urban Nagpur slums.
The girls are now in their third year of training, after which they will return to their villages with the skills to empower other young girls. In this way, the thirty girls will become agents of change and establish institutions that will benefit hundreds of girls and women in the future. Such a project is especially important in India because investing in girls' education can alleviate poverty and the ignorance that oppresses poor girls and women.
The other portion of the BGR grant to Bodhicitta supports a women's job training and community center, where women receive education, loans, and business training to empower them to start their own businesses and gain income that will directly increase the well-being of their children, families, and communities, lifting them out of poverty. The community center creates space for awareness-raising, health workshops, counseling, career guidance, and quality education that is currently lacking in the difficult environment of a large industrial slum. Year three of a three-year project.
Helping Widows Rebuild Their Lives
Our new partner, Building Bridges India, is registered in India as a non-profit organization. Founded in 2006, the basic of mission of BBI is "to help widows and families in ten villages in Sangrur District, Punjab, to rebuild their lives in the aftermath of suicides of male family members." They have expanded to other districts as well.
BGR will be partnering with Building Bridges on two projects. One will provide skills training in tailoring and running a business to 250 widows in Sangrur. Upon the suicide of their husbands these women have been left with many dependents, no skills, and heavy debts. Moderate to severe anemia and malnutrition are common among them. BGR funding will allow BBI to expand and upgrade the design of phulkari embroidery products to include mats, napkins, and other household items. It will improve women's sewing skills and provide them with better sewing machines and appropriate sewing patterns. A design consultant will be hired to upgrade the design of products and workshops will be offered in five centers to train women in basic marketing, budgeting, and other entrepreneurial skills. BBI will also develop a marketing strategy for the program as a whole in order to scale up the project over time.
The second project will provide training in organic farming to 250 widows in Sangrur. BBI has already set up "kitchen gardens" in five centers to provide fresh, nutritious vegetables and small farm training to the women and their families, improving their nutrition and self-confidence. BGR's grant will be used to set up five more gardens and provide training for the women. The program will unfold in three phases: Phase One will offer the women ten workshops for training in organic farming techniques; Phase Two will provide four workshops on health, nutrition, and sanitation; and Phase Three will provide additional training for selected participants, surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of the training, and study of the program's effectiveness in improving nutrition.
Prosperity through Resilient Livelihood
This agriculture project, with partner Oxfam India, aims at improving the livelihood of small and marginal farmers, especially women farmers, through enhanced resilience of agriculture in Uttar Pradesh. Over 70% population in the state depends on agriculture for their livelihood. However, frequent drought, flooding, and localized climatic variation have put the agricultural production system under tremendous stress. This has resulted in poor and unsustainable productivity leading to chronic poverty for farming families, especially those having small land holdings.
The project intends to build the capacity of farmers in sustainable and climate resilient cropping practices, set up a pilot to initiate a federation for self-sustainable agriculture, develop work in the project area, and link the community with government schemes for convergence of resources at the village level. The goal of the project is to contribute to increased resilience and improved income among smallholders, specifically women farmers. At least 1,500 women farmers will be taught integrated climate resilient agriculture practices. The farmers will be linked to government schemes, and household income of the 1,500 women farmers is expected to increase by 30%.
The project will be implemented in 20 villages of five gram-panchayat in Mitauli block of Lakhimpur Kheri, covering about 3,000 households. Assistance will be provided by partner organization Asian Institute of Management (AIM).
Jamaica & Haiti
Breakfasts for Hungry School Children
The Trees That Feed Foundation is a U.S.-registered non-profit based in Chicago. Its mission is to plant trees to feed people, create jobs, and benefit the environment, with a focus on planting trees in school gardens in low-income countries with food shortages. They presently have projects in Jamaica and Haiti and are branching out to include projects in Africa.
In Haiti and Jamaica, government support of childhood education is severely constrained by weak budgets. Teacher salaries are modest and school facilities are often in poor condition. School meal programs are limited, and for some schools non-existent. Hungry schoolchildren are unable to realize the benefits of education.
The grant from BGR will enable TTFF to provide over 30,000 meals, plus corollary benefits to the teachers and producers. This program will benefit approximately ten schools in Haiti and Jamaica (five in each country) with three breakfast meals per week, for three classrooms of 30 children each, for one full semester. These are locally produced, healthy and nutritious meals, not imported foods, and thus the project benefits local industry. The porridge mix includes equal parts of breadfruit flour and cornmeal flour, plus coconut and other seasonings. The porridge mix is packaged in one- or two-pound bags. The schoolteacher or staff person mixes one pound of flour with eight cups of boiling water to produce enough porridge to serve a classroom of 15 children. The project will commence in both countries with the fall semester, which begins in September.
Kenya & Malawi
Improving Food Security and Nutrition
Our partner, Ecology Action of the Midpeninsula, founded in 1971 and based in California, disseminates the GROW BIOINTENSIVE system of agriculture worldwide through publications, classes, workshops, internships, apprenticeships, and outreach programs. GROW BIOINTENSIVE improves agricultural productivity and soil building methods, using less land area and water in degraded areas. Using this methodology, Ecology Action has helped start sustainable agriculture projects in Mexico, Russia, Kenya, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Africa, providing solutions to the challenges confronting small farmers.
With BGR support, a couple in Kenya, Samuel and Peris Nderitu, who have 13 years experience training farmers at the Grow Biointensive training center in Kenya, will train hundreds of farmers from African countries in the system. In Malawi, now in the grip of a severe drought, Ephraim and Charity Chirwa, trained at the Grow Biointensive center in Kenya, will work to train other farmers in the village of Mbowe. Many of the trainees are widows and their families include young children. The projects are expected to improve the health and life-expectancy of malnourished children, increase diversity and quantity of household food, and facilitate knowledge of health and care-giving – increasingly important as drought ravages crops in southern Africa. Annually renewable project.
Sponsoring the Education of Poor Girls
BGR's partner in this project, the North Country Mission of Hope, is a spiritually-based humanitarian organization committed to fostering hope and empowering relationships with the people of Nicaragua. The organization began in 1998 as a direct ministerial response to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Mitch on the impoverished villages of Chiquilistagua and Monte Verde in Nicaragua. The first mission team immediately recognized that direct, long-term assistance was vital in order to improve the lives of the people. Working hand-in-hand with local community leaders, the Mission's primary objective is to empower the people to help themselves.
In Nicaragua families with limited financial resources choose to send their sons to school rather than their daughters. This leaves another generation of young females uneducated and at increased risk of rape and childhood pregnancy. Mission of Hope aims to break the cycle of poverty by sponsoring the education of as many girls as financially possible. In partnership with Mission of Hope, BGR will sponsor the education of 94 girls ranging in age from prekindergarten to university level. The girls are currently on the waiting list.
With BGR sponsorship, each student will receive coverage of tuition and/or registration fees; the schoolbooks appropriate for their grade level; an insignia, which every student must have sewn on their school shirt; and the government-mandated school uniform, along with black shoes and white socks. Additionally, each student will receive bi-annual parasite medicine treatment and a free physical at the medical clinic located on the Mission of Hope compound in Chiquilistagua. Females on the waiting list will be sponsored on a first in – first out basis, with no preferential treatment to any particular person(s).
This partnership with North Country Mission of Hope is BGR's first in Latin America.
Vocational Education Training for Poor Women
Founded in 1989, the Asociación Grupo de Trabajo Redes (AGTR) is devoted to providing vocational education to women and mothers employed in domestic work while teaching them about their human and labor rights. The Association runs an employment agency, La Casa de Panchita, to help women find jobs with adequate pay and respect for their skills.
This BGR partnership–along with the Nicaragua project our first in Latin America–will benefit women who have been employed in domestic work from childhood. The women find themselves struggling to provide proper nutrition, shelter, and other amenities to their families due to a paucity of employmentoptions.These women are trapped in poverty, and as a result their daughters too will be trapped, thus perpetuating the cycle.
To break the poverty trap into which many girls are born, AGTR empowers women and mothers through vocational educational training. Through a grant from BGR, AGTR will provide training to 100 marginalized women who wish to undertake domestic work, while also giving access to employment through their employment agency. Utilizing an adequate salary, these women and their families will escape the misery of hunger, while their daughters escape the need to work and can remain in school. The women will be taught about their human and labor rights and will be given access to AGTR's in-house employment agency, which upholds the standards of the organization.
The Vocational Educational Training (VET) workshops are divided into three 3- hour sessions. The women will learn about their labor rights as domestic workers, become better prepared to negotiate a just salary, and learn about the social benefits such as healthcare available to all individuals who are employed full time. After students complete the training, they are equipped to begin their search for just and decent employment.
South Darfur, Sudan
Help Farmers Affected by Conflict & Drought
This project with long-time BGR partner Oxfam America will be launched in the Belail locality of South Darfur, in Sudan. On account of conflict and drought, the population of this region has experienced continued displacement, food shortages, poor living conditions, shrinking household income, and lack of employment opportunities. The current food shortage associated with the drought (El Nino) is preventing the local population from producing sufficient household crops to meet consumption and income needs. As a result of depleted assets, households spend most of their income on basic needs and poor families are unable to cope with the stresses and shocks. Women and girls suffer most of all from the impact of conflict and food shortages.
The project aims to address the problem of food insecurity by increasing crop production through improved access to agricultural inputs and training. The objectives of the project are; (1) to increase production of food crops by 20% per household; and (2) to increase farmers' knowledge of improved agricultural techniques.
Training on improved agricultural techniques will be conducted for 150 farmers. Each trained farmer will in turn train 3–4 additional farmers. The training will focus on improved agricultural techniques and practices as well as practical training in seed spacing, cultivation, mulching, intercropping, and weeding. It is expected that 510 households (3,000 individuals) will benefit from the project.
Sri Lanka
Education in Technology for Girls from Low Income Families
Founded in 1984 the vision of CENWOR—the Centre for Women's Research—is gender equality and the empowerment of women in Sri Lanka. Its mission is to promote research, training, lobbying, advocacy and monitoring gender-related issues facing women and girls in Sri Lanka.
This project is intended to provide financial support to female students seeking to enroll or continue in middle level technical education courses to facilitate their access to higher technical education, upward career mobility, and sustainable employment. The project will provide financial support to: (1) twenty women in low-income families with the appropriate qualifications who are seeking entry to—or are enrolled in—the Diploma in Technical Education (level 5) and Advanced Diploma in Technical Education (level 6) programs of the state Colleges of Technology in each province; and (2) twenty women in low-income families enrolled in the second year of the Bachelor of Information Technology program conducted by the University School of Computing (UCSC) of the University of Colombo. The program will also conduct complementary gender sensitization sessions to motivate the women to challenge negative gendered norms that limit their opportunities for upward career mobility.
Meals for Hospital Patients
In Vietnam, the price of a hospital stay does not include food. Already challenged by the hospital expenses, most families have difficulty providing food to their hospitalized relatives. The Vietnam Red Cross Society, founded in 1946 and a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross since 1957, aims to improve the lives of those affected by poverty. The Tam Binh and Cam Duong Red Cross offer humanitarian assistance in remote villages in the Mekong Delta region.
In partnership with the Tam Binh chapter of the Vietnam Red Cross, BGR has been providing thousands of free meals to patients at the Tam Binh hospital since 2009. This year another grant from BGR will enable the organization, in collaboration with the local government, to feed poor patients in need. A team of volunteers manages a budget of $585 and serves 3500 vegetarian meals per week; the team switches each week. The BGR grant will fund approximately a third of the program for the year. Annually renewable project.
Scholarships for Poor Children
Since 2009, BGR has been sponsoring scholarships to students in elementary and middle schools in both the Cam Duong and the Tam Binh areas of Vietnam. The scholarships are given through the Red Cross of Vietnam to children from the poorest families who achieve good grades and display good conduct. Without this aid, these students would not have the means to continue studies at the primary and middle school levels. BGR's support of this project since 2009 has enabled thousands of children to attend school.
Funds from BGR provide enrollment fees, uniforms, books, and school supplies. The BGR grant will cover 50 primary school students, 120 middle school students, and 135 high school students for the 2016-2017 school year. Annually renewable project.
System of Rice Intensification
This annually renewable project is conducted in partnership with the International Cooperation Center of Thai Nguyen University. The project aims to expand the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on a large scale among village farmers in Phu Binh in Thai Nguyen province. The project supports farmers in applying SRI on large-scale fields to help them increase rice productivity and create products with the same quality, which increases the value of the products, thereby increasing the income of rice growers. The project activities also help people strengthen the connection in production and promote natural resources management to minimize the harmful effects on the environment.
Workshops will be organized to demonstrate SRI and allow farmers to practice techniques in the field; farmer groups will be trained in marketing thau dau sticky rice, a local delicacy. ICC will continue to organize the Thau Dau Rice Festival in Xuan Phuong to increase awareness and sales of the sticky rice. About 230 people are the beneficiaries of the project–farmers from nine villages of 3 communes in Phu Binh district and 3 local agriculture extension staff. Annually renewable project.
New York, NY
Reaching More Youth Starved for Meaning
For the past 10 years, the Reciprocity Foundation has worked tirelessly to support homeless and foster-care youth aged 13–26 in their transformation from impoverished persons living in a shelter to educated, employed youngsters playing a leadership role in society. Having worked with nearly 2,000 homeless youth since its inception, Reciprocity Foundation has won numerous awards for its groundbreaking use of contemplative approaches to addressing youth poverty. This year Reciprocity will be putting a renewed focus on upstate retreats and a smaller cohort of homeless youth in New York who will receive more individualized attention, meals, and nutrition education.
In 2016–17 Reciprocity will start a home cooking program, helping youth to learn how to shop, stock their kitchen cupboards, and prepare simple, fresh vegetarian meals in their shelter or residence where they usually have limited cooking facilities. This will require more time spent per youth but is expected to create more sustainable results for each dollar of funding. They plan to offer this program to 20-25 youth in New York City.
With BGR support, Reciprocity will expand its Urban Food Project, taking youth upstate to spend time working on small organic farms where they will learn the basics of planting, harvesting, and cooking fresh organic meals. They anticipate bringing 30-40 New York City-based youth upstate for training and to offer them placements in culinary jobs. Once they establish new headquarters, they also plan to to offer their Healthy Meals program to homeless youth on a weekly basis. Annually renewable project.
Detroit, MI
Community and Home Gardens in an Urban Desert
Keep Growing Detroit (registered 2014) operates in one of the most neglected cities in the U.S., where 20% of the residents are food insecure and the city's jobless rate is 13%. Residents have limited access to grocery stores due to an unreliable mass transit system; many buy their food at gas stations or convenience stores with bulletproof windows in monitored transactions.
The mission of Keep Growing Detroit is to promote food sovereign so that the majority of fruits and vegetables Detroiters consume are grown by residents within city limits. The long-term strategy is to foster healthy relationships with food by increasing knowledge of food and farming, nurturing leadership skills, cultivating community connections and capacity, changing the value of food, and developing food assets.
|Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi visiting the KGD urban farm in Detroit.
The goal of this year's project is to enable urban farmers to increase access to healthy fruits and vegetables and to facilitate educational and community events that promote healthy relationships of people to good nutritious food.
The first objective is to support more than 1500 family, community, school and market gardens that will produce 180 tons of produce for predominately low-income families. The second objective is to facilitate 20 educational workshops and community events that will engage approximately 400 residents. Annually renewable project.


text:
Exploration & Evaluation
Should Exploration and Evaluation be recognised as an asset or expense?
1. define asset
Firstly, in determining whether e&e should be recognised as an asset, we need to look at what is defined as an assets under the AASB framework, that is:
"An asset is a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity" [Paragraph 49 a]
2. list recognition criteria
Additionally, the framework also provides a broad view of the recognition criteria items need to satisfy before they are considered to be assets. The framework states:
a) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the time will flow to or from the entity ; and
b) the item has a cost or value that can be measured with reliability.
3. Mention e&e have low prob so management can use the following methods to capitalise as an asset
The implications involved with exploration and evaluation is that the industry is associated with low probability and any activities do not guarantee any future economic benefits nor can it be measured reliably.
The pre production costs of exploration and evaluation can be categorised as development and construction. Close examination of development costs suggests that they should be considered as assets under the framework. Development costs provide an establishment of access to the deposit and other activities for commercial production thus they provide future economic benefits.
However, it is difficult to determine the costs associated with construction (establishing and commissioning facilities) will lean towards being an asset as it does not have a cost or value that can be measured reliab ...
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text:
Tom Gamboa: Peter has done very well this year. For a guy that – and this being my first year here but I was told we got him from the Red Sox and he is a guy that has moved around and never really found a home at any one position. This year he has found a home in left field. Although running isn't one of Pete's assets so he has to enhance what range he does have by getting good jumps off the balls off the bat but he has played very well for us in the outfield. He catches what he gets to and, of course, he has excelled at the plate. He has a chance to be a pretty good hitter.
From a defensive standpoint, not only on that club in Lake Elsinore but in the entire system, the best defensive player is Yordany Ramirez. It remains to be seen how far Yordany will get with the bat. This is two years in a row in Fort Wayne and Lake Elsinore where you have to hit for some average to get to the big leagues. Certainly, his skills to run, throw and field – he is a bona fide major leaguer in those three areas right now. It is just a question of how far that bat can carry him.
In Eugene, Chad Huffman is another guy that moved from the infield to the outfield – and it seems a number of guys are making the move from one position to another. How difficult is that move for a player who has likely spent his whole life at one spot?
Tom Gamboa: The kid Epping showed to be a real skilled centerfielder just during the training camp we had.
Making position switches for a good athlete is an easy thing to do. Sometimes, the hitting takes a step backwards because the players focus - instead of doing something second nature he has to learn something of a new position.
And moving guys around it just depends on what their skills are suited from. I have never seen Pete play third base but that is where I was told he originally played.
Sometimes a guys hands or reactions or range, the accuracy of an arm. At times the organization feels about a given player that something is lacking or they just feel he would be better suited for another position.
You look at a guy like Craig Biggio who was an All-Star at the big leagues. A lot of people forget that he was a damn good catcher when he came to the big leagues. The move to second wasn't because he couldn't catch because he did it very well. It was a move because he could run so well they felt they could lengthen and enhance his career by moving him to another position, along with the fact that they got another good catcher from San Diego in Brad Ausmus to put Ausmus and strengthen themselves at two positions.
I think the fans need to understand that sometimes a position change isn't because a guy wasn't well suited – it just makes the team better.
Many years ago when I was with the Milwaukee Brewers we had a young Hall of Fame shortstop in Robin Yount and we were fortunate enough to get Paul Molitor who was also a shortstop. Molitor would have been a terrific shortstop but with Yount there, Paulie ended up playing second and third base during his career and ended up playing them both quite well. It just enhanced the team.
You were down in the desert and the Padres farm has been dogged in recent years as far as developing top notch talent – do you see the makings of impact talent in the lower levels?
Tom Gamboa: We are certainly hoping so. The early signs are very encouraging from the draft we got.
I spent five days with the Arizona club and we have two young outfielders – Cedric Hunter, a centerfielder that offensively he reminds me of when I scouted Terry Pendleton as a free agent. Terry could run, had lightning in his bat – this kid Hunter has real good pitch selection. He has the chance to be a Pendleton type guy with power and some speed. His pitch selection for a high school kid is really good.
Kyler Burke, a bit left-hand hitting right-fielder – an ex high school quarterback with a quarterback's arm. He can really throw from right field. It is nice to see us get some quality athletes.
Pitching wise, we signed a draft-and-follow, Drew Miller, who can get up to 94 MPH. I was at that game in Peoria. He has the makings of a real good pitcher.
Pascual Juan gets it up to 95 – a skinny left-hander that needs a lot of work on his delivery but tremendous arm speed.
We are making progress.


text:
SIMPSON 12389 (260-8RT) Analog Multimeter, 250mV to 1000V, 2.5V to 1000V, 0ohm to 20Mohm, 50µA to 10A, 250A, Manual
- Manufacturer:
- Manufacturer Part No:
- Newark Part No.:
- Product Range
- 260 Series
The actual product may differ from image shown
Product Overview
- 36 Measurement ranges - Covers AC & DC voltage/current measurements, as well as resistance testing
- Full-size test leads with threaded probe tips for screw-on alligator clips
- Eliminates the need to change test leads while working
- Simple operation - Two knobs control the selection of ranges and functions
- Portable enough to carry, with bench top accuracy
- Connections safeguarded
- Overload protection
- Rugged construction
- Versatile
Product Information
- Voltage Measuring Range DC:
- 250mV to 1000V
- Voltage Measuring Range AC:
- 2.5V to 1000V
- Resistance Measurement Range:
- 0ohm to 20Mohm
- Current Measuring Range DC:
- 50µA to 10A
- Current Measuring Range AC:
- Range Selection:
- Manual
- External Height:
- 180mm
- External Width:
- 140mm
- External Depth:
- 80mm
- Weight:
- 1.4kg
- Product Range:
- 260 Series
- RoHS Compliant:
- No
- To Be Advised
Find similar products grouped by common attribute
- Test & Measurement
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Similar Products
Find products functionally similar to this one. Select one of the following links, and you will be taken to a product group page that presents all products in this category that share the given attribute.
- External Height: 180mm
- External Width: 140mm
- Voltage Measuring Range DC: 250mV to 1000V
- Voltage Measuring Range AC: 2.5V to 1000V
- Range Selection: Manual
- Current Measuring Range DC: 50µA to 10A
- Weight: 1.4kg
- External Depth: 80mm
- Resistance Measurement Range: 0ohm to 20Mohm
- Current Measuring Range AC: 250A


text:
Designated Read: Was it something I said?
• UAB 34, No. 22 Southern Miss 31: Yesterday's categorization of the Blazers as a "respite" for the Golden Eagles clearly galvanized UAB into unleashing the special-teams dragon. Emerging from a 14-0 hole after quick touchdown strikes gave Southern Miss a three-minute, two-score lead, the Blazers kept pace in the second half and secured the win with a 38-yard field goal in the game's final four minutes. Nobody in Birmingham puts up with being called a patsy. At least not more than once a season.
[vodpod id=Video.15707862&w=425&h=350&fv=]
Either that, or Larry Fedora really, really doesn't want that Ole Miss job but can't think how to decline it gracefully. And either way: A 2-8 team just beat a ranked squad, and now Southern Miss has to get past Memphis (LOLZ) to lock up C-USA East. And it's all thanks to the hedgehog mentality of the Blazers:
"We don't get down. We just kind of roll," Blazers coach Neil Callaway said.
Roll on, you crazy diamond. Roll on. [RECAP | BOX]
• No. 9 Virginia Tech 24, UNC 21: All right, this one wasn't nearly as much fun, despite the game-breaking presence of Ron Cherry. The Tar Heels might have made an uncomfortable evening for their hosts, but lost top tailback Giovani Bernard in the first half to a concussion and couldn't catch up, despite a 14-point fourth-quarter rally. [RECAP | BOX]
• Marshall 23, Memphis 22: Here is another football game that was played last night! [RECAP | BOX]
• Fresh coaches, bought and sold: L'état, c'est Pinkel: Not fired after Wednesday's DWI arrest, but suspended for the Texas Tech game. He'll also face financial penalties and perform community service, and that's just to make it up to the school.
• Home for the ruptured: We've probably seen the last of Jeff Tuel this season at Wazzu. Over in Seattle, Nick Montana has been named the Huskies' starting quarterback in place of the injured Keith Price. Zach Line is done for the year at SMU thanks to OW OW OW a torn toe tendon OW. I have done this. It is no fun at all.
• Roster blotter: Surprising precisely no onlookers, Dillon Baxter will transfer from USC. And how did I miss a Vanderbilt player catching felony charges? • Friday whimsy: Now, Oregon, don't be shy; vaginas perform a variety of useful functions. Because the awards show itself somehow does not provide enough cold-weather pageantry, the announcement of the national college football trophy finalists is somehow a thing. More good fun that is funny from Ohio State. Get to know the brain behind the postseason's best social media efforts. Football -- and life -- sure is funny sometimes. In further news cementing our allegiance his way for life, Brad Wing punted with his opposite foot in LSU's spring game to get in Chip Kelly's head. And a vote for Andy Staples as Houston Nutt's replacement means a vote for me as his Secretary of War. He'll need one of those, right?


text:
CHINA: Dior taps L'Oréal exec to head Chinese operations
Christian Dior has appointed Renaud de Lesquen to head its operations in China, effective 1 May, according to media reports quoting a company source.
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This step is optional but will greatly multiply your chances of getting interest from other members on the website. Write a little something about yourself, your interests and upload any nice photographs of yourself.
Utilise our website's sophisticated search to encounter members who satisfy your needs. Or just flip through listings and encounter daters that you like.
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text:
Health Secretary Andy Burnham ruled out for the next parliament a 10 per cent "death tax" on people's estates — prompting Tory claims that he was holding the unpopular measure back until later.
However, the minister made clear that a compulsory levy of some sort would be needed to fund a universal system of social care for adults in England. He said a new commission would be set up to decide how it would work and how much families would have to pay.
Under today's White Paper plan, elderly people will have their care costs paid for them after two years of residential care but a universal system will be another five years away.
"It is a momentous decision today to say that, in principle, the Government is committed to creating a national care service in England on NHS terms," Mr Burnham told BBC Radio 4.
Gordon Brown hailed the deal as a major reform. "This is an issue about the future of Britain and the future of our society from which we must not hide," he said.
"These are tough decisions to take in times of economic restraint. But with a rapidly ageing society, the costs of inaction are far greater than the costs of reform."
But the Conservatives said Labour had ducked saying how it would be paid for. Shadow health secretary Andrew Lansley said: "Instead of scrapping their plans for a death tax they are just trying to hide them from the public because they know how unpopular they are. The Government is in complete retreat."
Demands for free care have been surging as people live longer and require more intensive help to enjoy daily lives. All sides agree that the current system of means-testing to fund social care services cannot continue indefinitely.
Some councils have already started to ration support to those with the most severe needs, forcing elderly people to rely on families and friends. At the same time, many are angry when their savings are used by the state to pay towards their care bills.
The Government put forward three funding options for a new system last summer, which all involved a share of state funding, topped up by personal contributions from elderly people themselves, from an insurance scheme or from a compulsory fee. The most contentious idea mooted was the so-called "death tax", where a 10 per cent levy would be imposed on the estates of people after they died.
The Tories are proposing an £8,000 voluntary insurance scheme to cover residential care costs. The Liberal Democrats say costs must be shared but have not said how it would be done.
- More about:
- Andy Burnham
- Labour Party


text:
Directly under the Holy See, Aid to the Church in Need is a registered charity dedicated to the support of the suffering and persecuted Church throughout the world.
Founded in 1947 by Fr Werenfried van Straaten, whom Pope John Paul II named "An Outstanding Apostle of Charity", the organisation is now at work in over 140 countries.
The charity undertakes thousands of projects every year including provision of transport for clergy and lay Church workers, construction of church buildings, funding for priests and nuns in their mission and in their formation. Additionally the papal charity also hosts a substantial media apostolate. For example since 1979 more than more than 50 million Aid to the Church in Need Child's Bibles in over 170 languages have been distributed worldwide. In fact...
- Provide sustenance and the means of survival for approx. 20,000 impoverished priests who labour in most testing of the Lord's vineyards and during the most trying of times.
- Aid with the formation of approx. 18,000 seminarians and religious and
- Produce and distribute more than 1.5 million catechetical books in over 170 languages.
hrough our free Mirror magazine, we invite you to stay informed about the persecuted and suffering Church as well as our efforts and those of our benefactors to ease this suffering and help the Church reflect the light of Faith in the darkest of places and in the darkest of times. Current and back issues of the Mirror can be accessed on this website.
Subscribe to our Mirror by clicking on the button above or by calling us directly on 01 837 7516 and we will gladly add you to the mailing list.


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Erik Hatcher <e...@ehatchersolutions.com>
|Re: Open-ended range queries
|Thu, 10 Jun 2004 20:26:05 GMT
On Jun 10, 2004, at 4:07 PM, Terry Steichen wrote: > Well, I'm using 1.4 RC3 and the "null" range upper limit works just > fine for > searches in two of my fields; one is in the form of a cannonical date > (eg, > 20040610) and the other is in the form of a padded word count (e.g., > 01500 > for 1500). The syntax would be pub_date:[20040501 TO null] (dates > later > than April 30, 2004) and s_words:[01000 TO null] (articles with 1000 > or more > words). Ah.... It "works" for you because you have numeric values and lexically "null" is greater than any of them. It is still using it as a lexical term value, and not truly making the end open-ended. This is why "null" doesn't work at the beginning for you either. It's just being treated as text, just like your numbers are. > PS: This use of "null" has worked this way since at least 1.2. As I > recall, > way back when, "null" also worked as the first term limit (but no > longer > does). If so, then something serious broke. I've not the time to check the cvs logs on this, but I cannot imagine that we removed something like this. If anyone cares to dig up the diff where we removed/broke this, I'd be gracious. Erik --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
I'm so sorry. I need to clarify abit here. I live in the city. And the
leaves are actually being eaten from the tips to the very end of the leaf.
still leaving part of the leaf and stem. If it is rabbits What can I do???
It's eating at my " undulata 'Albo-marginata" and what scares me is, my
Brim Cup and Paul's Glory is right next to it.
thanks for the help and a warm welcome
To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
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text:
Effect of strictly plant-related factors on the response ofHevea brasiliensis andTheobroma Cacao nodal explants culturedIn vitro
- Received:
- Accepted:
- Cite this article as:
- Lardet, L., Aguilar, M.E., Michaux-Ferrière, N. et al. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant (1998) 34: 34. doi:10.1007/BF02823120
- Citations
- 149 Downloads
Nodal cuttings (primary nodal explants) were used to initiate microcutting cultures ofHevea brasiliensis andTheobroma cacao. The physiological stage of growth reached by the branches from which the explants were taken had a considerable influence on culture initiation and response. In both species, the buds of the nodal explants taken from dormant branches (stages 11, 12 and 13 inTheobroma; stage D inHevea) revealed greater opening abilityin vitro and shoot elongation than buds taken from branches in a phase of active meristem growth inTheobroma (stages F1 and F2) or during a foliar growth phase inHevea (stage C). InHevea, the branch growth phase effect persisted into the multiplication phase when shoots developedin vitro were used as the source of secondary nodal explants. However, it disappeared during subcultures of primary nodal explants. In both species, the position of the nodes on the branch with respect to the apex also had an effect on culture initiation. The buds of nodes furthest from the apex were more likely to develop into shoots. InHevea, the position of secondary nodal explants obtained from the primary shoot was seen to vary in effect depending on growth regulator applications during primary culture. These results are analyzed in terms of variations in the balance between endogenous growth promoters/inhibitors in the buds, depending on morphogenic stages and the bud position on the branch.


text:
These guys are still cities, but still give off some small-town qualities. They're also the ones our experts chose as the best for college students. Small cities are defined as areas with 250,000 to 1,000,000 residents.
Source: "Using 12 specific and measurable metrics, CDI researchers analyzed data on more than 290 U.S. metropolitan areas to identify those regions that provide . . . resources best suited to the needs and priorities of today's college students." The 2007-2008 College Destinations Index. Copyright 2007, Collegia. Reprinted with permission.
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Home >> Clear Plastic Trigger Spray Bottle Hairdressing Flowers Plants Water Sprayer 200ml
- Used widely to water flower in the garden or interior, also can spray equably the water on the clothes or hair.
- Adjustable nozzle from a straight stream down to a fine mist.
- Designed with clear plastic body and blue trigger nozzel, is convenient to operate.
- Can be used in the garden, barbershop and salon and so on, is an ideal tool in daily use
|200ml V
|8.5 x 5.5 x 21cm / 4.3" x 1.9" x 5.7" (L*W*H)
|Net Weight
|Package Content
|1 x Spray Bottle
|Product Name
|Spray Bottle
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