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Dreams in Greyscale
A nightmare I once had that's stuck with me for a while.
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living in chaos. Dreaming.
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Kathmandu (Nepal), Oct.2 (ANI): A seven-year-old boy in Nepal's capital city has surprised everyone by operating a difficult machine-excavator!
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Ramadan, a 13-year-old boy, wandered in the mountains of southern Kosovo for two months after seeing Serb police burn down his house. He would not stop speaking when he got here, diagnosed as hyperactive and aggressive to other children.
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Pope ready to bring back the Latin Mass
posted at 2:46 pm on October 11, 2006 by Allahpundit
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Islamists aren't the only adherents trying to capitalize on the emerging culture clash. What better way to reintroduce Europe to its roots than to reintroduce Europe to its roots? The grays will appreciate the nostalgia and the kids might have their curiosity piqued. A more demanding form of Catholicism is Benedict's best bet for a revival, paradoxically: the new-agey sects seem to be hemorrhaging members while evangelical Christianity and Islam are doing quite well around the world. If you're seeking spiritual discipline, it stands to reason that you'd prefer a religion that challenges you.
The Pope's walking a neat line lately. He inserts critical quotations about Islam into his speeches — then adds footnotes later to politely distance himself from them. He plans a trip to Turkey to "further the dialogue" — then reminds the faithful that identity trumps dialogue. It's all guaranteed to provoke the perpetually aggrieved, but it impresses Europeans. And with every new hysterical overreaction, a few more come back towards the fold.
No wonder he's become a target.
Meanwhile in the UK, "peaceful" Islamists Hizb ut-Tahrir are outraged that the British government wants to cut off state support to radical Muslim groups. How will Abu Hamza afford a $400,000 homes if he has to pay his own $500,000 legal bill? All Britons are victims, it seems, but some are more victimized than others. Alas.
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Europeans don't go to church now – they can't stand (and don't understand) those Latin sermons. Not a good idea because they were happy when rid of them.
Not a good idea.
Entelechy on October 11, 2006 at 2:51 PM
Gotta love this guy! I hear a steadily growing whooosh sound as the pendulum is swinging back – from the brink of the abyss.
RushBaby on October 11, 2006 at 2:51 PM
That's just the right way to bring more wandering sheep back into the fold, and make Christianity more relevant to increasingly secularized youth – by conducting services in incomprehensible medieval jibberish.
Lehuster on October 11, 2006 at 2:58 PM
the new-agey sects seem to be hemorrhaging members while evangelical Christianity and Islam are doing quite well around the world
Exodus, Dave Shiflett, climbs all over this, if anyone has a mind.
Axe on October 11, 2006 at 3:02 PM
Not a good idea.
I started to write that Entelechy, but the more I think about it, the less sure I am. I agree that it isn't going to result in any mass conversion, but it might have the effect of deepening some roots, and that might show up later.
Axe on October 11, 2006 at 3:10 PM
sorry–quickly–if the idea is to go Latin everywhere all the time, then nevermind. Bad idea.
Axe on October 11, 2006 at 3:12 PM
The grays will appreciate the nostalgia and the kids might have their curiosity piqued. A more demanding form of Catholicism is Benedict's best bet for a revival, paradoxically: the new-agey sects seem to be hemorrhaging members while evangelical Christianity and Islam are doing quite well around the world.
This is true. The conservative dioceses like the Diocese of Arlington, VA have many young, orthodox priests. Catholics in their 20's and 30's are far more conservative than the sorry 1960's, liberal generation that gave Catholics Vatican II, cheesy folk music, lame liberal priests, and who tried to pervert the absolute teachings with relativism. What a smart move by Pope Benedict!
You're right: Liberal parishes and dioceses are dying throughout the country. Liberalism is often compared to acid that destroys everything it touches. Membership in conservative parishes and dioceses, on the other hand, is growing by leaps and bounds. If you look at the trends of conservative versus liberal dioceses, conservative dioceses like the Diocese of Arlington have numerous young, orthodox priests, while liberal dioceses such as the Diocese of Richmond have very few and almost no new priests. Conservative universities like Christendom College in the Diocese of Arlington are becoming popular throughout the nation.
People are attracted to the orthodox, traditional liturgy and to moral absolutes, and Latin really adds dignity.
januarius on October 11, 2006 at 3:15 PM
Entelechy and Axe-
The Pope is not bringing back Latin into all the masses. What he is doing is saying that any priest who wants to say the Tridentine mass (the traditional Latin Rite mass that was essentially banned by liberals in the 1960's) can say it, unless expressly forbidden by the Bishop (the leader of a diocese). The homilies (or sermons) would not be in Latin even if the priest said the mass in Latin. Most masses will stay in the vernacular. All the Pope has done is give priests and traditional Catholics more choice.
januarius on October 11, 2006 at 3:24 PM
Dominus vobiscum.
Corky on October 11, 2006 at 3:25 PM
Axe and januarius, Europeans were exhilarated when Latin sermons went away.
I had 8 years of Latin, was a studious kid, have an affinity for languages and their root/s, and it is what it is, a dead language. Extremely difficult to comprehend, no matter how intense the effort. For the flock, nobel as it sounds, it is the most boring thing – they simply go to sleep/snore during the endless monotonous sessions.
Nowadays, kids don't even know/study their own languages well (be that English, French, German, Italian, Spanish or whatever). How can they be expected to show interest in Latin or Greek?
Theory, great maybe. Practice, silly and elitist, as only the priests (and not all of them) would know what is talked or yammered about.
Entelechy on October 11, 2006 at 3:28 PM
Did y'all hear that the Pope had contracted bird flu?
He got bit by a Cardinal….
jdpaz on October 11, 2006 at 3:39 PM
Latin Masses are just going to be like the Masses in Italian, Polish, and Spanish that your parish already conducts. Those who want will get.
Besides there's a new vernacular translation of the mass that's coming out soon anyway. Its supposed to be a more accurate translation of the ancient mass.
Iblis on October 11, 2006 at 4:06 PM
There's nothing wrong with Catholic priests saying a few masses in Latin. We are Greek Orthodox and our liturgy is mostly in Greek. I don't speak Greek, but I find the service absolutely beautiful and prayerful. So, I can only assume that this is the reason why some Catholics want to return to the traditional mass – as a way to find their "roots" and as a more traditional way to pray.
pullingmyhairout on October 11, 2006 at 5:17 PM
Thanks for the clarification, januarius.
Axe on October 11, 2006 at 6:33 PM
Entelechy – you sound bitter. I haven't heard this kind of silliness since the first indult was given by Pope John Paul II back in 1988. When the last Pope allowed bishops to allow the tridentine mass in their diocese if they wanted. No one thought this would fly and there was much wailing and gnashing of teeth but low and behold it caught on and not by the older folk, but by the young twenty-somethings. You don't need to know Latin. There are thousands of bilingual missals (mass prayer books) that one can follow along with. The point is to bring back some of the mysticism and a sense of being away from the earthly while one is at mass.
Masses with guitars or rock bands were the norm for a while as well as liturgical dance. Nothing like being at mass and a 16yo girl in leotards prancing around to put you in the mood to receive Christ with a clean mind.
This universal indult would, if it is true, allow an individual priest the option to say mass in Latin using the rubrics from before the second Vatican Council. The need comes from the fact that many of the Bishops, in American dioceses at least, did not take the option to allow the latin mass. This new indult would give the individual priest the option to use the present rubric or the Tridentine rubric. Nothing goes away but more come in.
DrM2B on October 11, 2006 at 6:34 PM
et cum spirito tuo….
Latin isn't that difficult to understand, especially as the Mass ain't changing week from week. Not that I've been exposed to a Latin Mass, excepting Pope John Paul II's funeral Mass. When was Novus Ordo. But I have sung Agnus Dei in Latin, and a few others.
A friend in college studied the attachment of practicing, church-going Catholics to the Catholicism/the Church and found that it was the sense of tradition and history that kept them in the fold. Even lapsed or cafeteria Catholics found this aspect appealing, even as they railed against some specific thing that alienated them from the church–not ordaining women, contraception, etc. Most said that a return to the Latin Mass was an acceptable and indeed welcome option.
A few years later I took several courses in Latin at the University of Colorado, Boulder (Ward Churchill land) and about half of those in the class were learning Latin so that they could understand the Latin Mass, a reason in addition to taking the course for language requirements, or as a Classics major. I was astonished.
I find the Latin Mass extremely appealing and it makes me feel more a part of the community of all–since even a basic understanding of the Mass in your own native language will help in interpreting the Latin version. I may not understand Polish, but if the Mass was in Latin I could attend a service in Krakow and know what was going on!
elpresidente on October 11, 2006 at 6:54 PM
Not catholic or even Christian, but if I was, I'd be hunkus dorus (Latin for: hunky dory) with this proposal.
thirteen28 on October 11, 2006 at 6:58 PM
DrM2B, by all means, I am not bitter. I'm not even Catholic. I was just relating the feedback from hundreds of European relatives and friends.
My view won't make a difference, one way or another; nor should it. If Catholics like the tradition, then by all means, they should apply and enjoy it.
Entelechy on October 11, 2006 at 7:04 PM
Good for the Pope. I think this is a great idea.
CrimsonFisted on October 11, 2006 at 7:21 PM
Some of Catholicism's strongest, most faithful, most devout, most loyal, and most unswerving members belong to a surprising upswing of conservative or traditionalist Catholicism. More liberal Catholics, while they have their place, are not looked upon as positively by The Holy See. The Holy See would rather cater to the conservative/traditionalist Catholics who stand by The Holy See rather than to Catholics who question, undermine, and practically diminish the authority of The Holy See.
This should not be seen as a requirement: it's a universal indult or permission, which means that wherever there may be demand, the Mass may be prayed using the pre-Vatican II form (often called the Tridentine Mass or Tridentine Latin Mass). There will be plenty of Masses prayed in the vernacular – all according to the Novus Ordo as it exists now – it just means that more parishes will be free to pray the Mass the Tridentine way. Before this indult, a parish would require an indult from the bishop, if I remember correctly; with this universal indult, each parish already has that indult and will not have be left at the mercy of a bishop who may or may not grant it.
And those who will attend these Masses will not be ignorant. Their missals will often have an English translation next to the Latin text. (I have such a missal.) These people will be devoted to the Mass, and they will learn what it means.
It's not so much because people love the flashy ritualism but because there is a resurgence of fidelity to tradition. As well as a belief that people took Vatican II too far. And they have a point.
Furthermore, the Catholic Mass has been such a part of Western culture and tradition. It is good for even non-Catholics to once again discover it.
One should note: the sermon (properly, the homily) will remain in the vernacular, as it was even before Vatican II.
I think holding Mass in Latin is an excellent idea. That way they can condemn fascist militant Islam in Latin and diaperheads will have no idea what's being said or prayed.
Coronagold on October 11, 2006 at 9:22 PM
This permission is intended to encourage the excommunicated Pius X Catholics to return to Rome. They were scandalized by the new Mass. The use of the Tridentine Mass will also be a reminder to the faithful who attend it, even occasionally just for the novelty, of the proper form of the Consecration that has been subtly altered by dissident priests saying the Novus Ordus.
Catholics of the post Vatican II generation can experience the Mass as it had been said without change for 400 years throughout the world.
Margaret McC on October 11, 2006 at 10:14 PM
If the Pope was serious he would make ties/amends with the Byzantine order of Orthodox Christians in southern Russia.
Coronagold on October 11, 2006 at 10:56 PM
Quis Separabit?
SouthernGent on October 11, 2006 at 11:11 PM
Would anybody even notice? Do people really pay attention during Mass?
GregH, are you
that stupid or is this some sort of moron act that you feel the need to continually treat us to?
Pablo on October 12, 2006 at 9:36 AM
Pablo – that was mean. HIs parsih experience may be just that. I have been to many a parish where the mass is so ininspiring it is hard to stay in tune with what is realy suppose to happen there. This is actually one of the reasons people like the older mass, THere are things to draw people in. If nothing else it is so different from everyday life that one is dazzled by the mysteriousness of it all.
DrM2B on October 12, 2006 at 10:38 AM
Great, now that all that Latin liturgy has finally evaporated from my brain, it's making a comeback. Sanctus, sanctus….oh Lord.
honora on October 12, 2006 at 10:59 AM
Some of Catholicism's strongest, most faithful, most devout, most loyal, and most unswerving members belong to a surprising upswing of conservative or traditionalist Catholicism. More liberal Catholics, while they have their place, are not looked upon as positively by The Holy See. The Holy See would rather cater to the conservative/traditionalist Catholics who stand by The Holy See rather than to Catholics who question, undermine, and practically diminish the authority of The Holy See.
Yes, but. The Church remains quite conservative in many areas–sexuality, the role of women in the church, right to life. But the Church has its liberal side, which conservatives tend to ignore–the anti-death penalty, pacifist, social reform part. Nothing's easy, huh?
honora on October 12, 2006 at 11:49 AM
The only people who will be drawn to the Tridentine mass are those people who already attend mass regularly.
The majority of Europeans despise their religious roots. Latin isn't going to change that.
irishsquid on October 12, 2006 at 1:18 PM
+ In Nomine Patri, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti +
The majority of Europeans hate themselves, period! Always have! Always will!
As for religion, why is ok for Islamists, for Greeks, and Protestants to celebrate or practice their religion in an orthodox fashion?
But Oh No!!!!!!!! Not those Roman Catholics!!!
Why is it ok for Islamists and others to mention the name of God?
But Oh No!!!!!!!! Not those Roman Catholics!!!
Do you suppose some fear the return of the Orthodox Roman Catholic Church??
If not, they should!!! Remember, your history folks! Remember your history!!!!
And for you non-Catholics, you have no idea of the power of the Faithful!
During the Civil War a minister, walking past the Chaplin of the 88th NYVI, Father Corbin C.F.C. asked, "Father, how do you get hundreds, if not thousands, of men to regularly attend Mass? I can barely get a handful to attend my services." To which Father Corbin replied, "Sir, I do nothing to get them to attend. It is their faith which calls them to me."
Dread Pirate Roberts VI on October 12, 2006 at 2:40 PM
Do you suppose some fear the return of the Orthodox Roman Catholic Church??
Small o, there is an Orthodox Catholic Church already. I find your contention that Europeans hate themselves rather comical–have you ever spent any time with Italians? French? Germans? Believe me, these folks have their problems, self hate is not one of them. In fact, they suffer from the opposite IMO.
honora on October 12, 2006 at 4:00 PM
if the Mass was in Latin I could attend a service in Krakow and know what was going on!
My aunt is a devout Catholic. She said the same thing. Catholics memorize the mass. They know what the phrases stand for, even if they do not know Latin. Truthfully, after a while they know what the words mean, even if they could not decline the verb tenses. My aunt said Catholics can participate in a worship that has spanned centuries. Very impressive.
Latin is making a comeback. After the first course, like all foreign languages it becomes difficult, yet it exposes you to so many of the roots of English words.
I was transfixed by the funeral service for the late Pope and spent a lot of time translating on the web. I also like to watch EWTN the conservative Catholic channel and enjoy their use of Latin. Mystical only in the sense it is ancient rite. The real mystery is in the promise of Christ and the Resurrection. Even Latin cannot do it justice.
For Benedict I say, sincerely: Ora pro eo.
entagor on October 12, 2006 at 11:12 PM


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- The password does not contain three or more characters from the user's account name. If the account name is less than three characters long, this check is not performed because the rate at which passwords would be rejected would be too high. When checking against the user's full name, several characters are treated as delimiters that separate the name into individual tokens: commas, periods, dashes, hyphens, underscores, spaces, number signs (#), and tab characters. Each token that is three or more characters long is searched for in the password, and if it is present, the password change is rejected. For example, the name "Erin M. Hagens" would be split into three tokens: "Erin," "M," and "Hagens." Because the second token is only one character long, it would be ignored. Therefore this user could not have a password that included either "erin" or "hagens" as a substring anywhere in the password. None of these checks are case-sensitive.


text:
That post means I don't know what I am doing on this complicator(computer). We will be staying at the Frontier Motel in Roosevelt, sort of expensive but we do not know of another place with in miles of there. Probably the night before the first day will sleep on the hill some where the get back to the motel around noon and back out by3:00 for the evening hunt. Not that we don't get critters mid day but it is to important to us to on location at least for the first day when people get them all confused. Use maps a lot to narrow down the search after a few days of scouting, then try to be where they will get pushed. Oh your questionabout the limited draw hunt, yes we both got bulls then, I ended up with a small 5X5 a 2 1/2 year old animal my buddys was bigger 6 pointer. That was a dream hunt. Our first hunt out of Roosevelt was 6 people and we got 4 bulls, one of the guys got his first elk, he was alone with his wife and she did not get one, but she did all the work and brain power in that hunt. One of the animals was 3rd from the last day a dandy 5er and it was up hill from the road(yeah). That was up Yellowstone creek at the trail head, that was a good hunt. All the others were ontop on 77 flat in amoungst the crowd of hunters.....jk
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User:Ryan94114/Enter your new article name here
|This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.
For guidance on developing this draft, see Wikipedia:So you made a userspace draft. This draft was last edited five years ago (purge).
Reverse Http is a method for allowing world wide web servers to update clients with new information.
As it was designed, the http protocol describes the way in which a client sends an http request to a server, which in turn provides an http response. Most often requests take the following form:
- Get: The most common kind of client request provides a URI. The server responds with a status indicator along with an html page.
- Post: The client
- Put: This request
Reverse HTTP is an experimental protocol which takes advantage of the HTTP/1.1 Upgrade: header to turn one HTTP socket around. When a client makes a request to a server with the Upgrade: PTTH/0.9 header, the server may respond with an Upgrade: PTTH/1.0 header, after which point the server starts using the socket as a client, and the client starts using the socket as a server. There is also a COMET-style protocol which will work with HTTP/0.9 or 1.1 clients that do not know how to perform this upgrade.
March 2009: Zero and Donovan submitted an Internet-Draft formally describing this.
Below is an example transcript using Reverse HTTP. Lines on the left are traffic from the client to the server. Lines on the right are traffic from the server to client. Lines with a red background are HTTP requests. Lines with a green background are HTTP responses.
The transcript was created by sniffing the traffic from running this script [1].
|client -> server
|server -> client
|Host: localhost:9999
|Accept-Encoding: identity
|Upgrade: PTTH/0.9
|HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
|Content-type: text/plain
|Upgrade: PTTH/0.9
|Date: Tue, 13 May 2008 20:14:45 GMT
|Content-Length: 0
|Host: 127.0.0.1:65331
|Accept-Encoding: identity
|accept: text/plain;q=1,*/*;q=0
|Content-type: text/plain
|Date: Tue, 13 May 2008 20:14:45 GMT
|Content-Length: 15
|!dlrow ,olleH
COMET Fallback[edit]
If the client or server is incapable of upgrading from HTTP, a COMET-style protocol can be used instead. The server can maintain an event queue and require that the client repeatedly POST to the queue's resource to receive events. Below is a protocol trace using JSON as the protocol encoding.
|Host: localhost:9999
|Accept-Encoding: identity
|Content-type: application/json
|Date: Tue, 13 May 2008 20:14:45 GMT
|Content-Length: 210
|{'message-id': 'xxx', 'method': 'GET', 'request-uri': '/', 'http-version': 'PTTH/0.9', 'headers': [['Host', '127.0.0.1:65331'], ['Accept-Encoding', 'identity'], ['Accept','text/plain;q=1,*/*;q=0']], 'body': }
|Host: localhost:9999
|Accept-Encoding: identity
|Content-type: application/json
|Content-length: 193
|{'message-id': 'xxx', 'http-version': 'PTTH/0.9', 'status': 200, 'reason': 'OK', 'headers': [['Content-type', 'text/plain'], ['Date', 'Tue, 13 May 2008 20:14:45 GMT']], 'body': '!dlrow ,olleH'}
|Content-type: application/json
|Date: Tue, 13 May 2008 20:14:45 GMT
|Content-Length: 2
A response of {} from the server means no server-side event occurred within some timeout, and that the client should poll again if it wants to keep receiving events.
Another idea is to use text/plain encoding instead of JSON, and just have the actual text of the HTTP request in the response, and the text of the response in the next request. In this case, the message-id would be relayed in a header instead of in the body. Perhaps the message id should always be relayed in a header and never in the body?
form of "get", "put", "post", or "delete",
, which then responds back to the client with a response. The server typically waits for incoming requests from clients, producing a response keyed a URI and a "get", "put", "post", or "delete".
the server stands by waiting for incoming clients to make a request.
two-sided communication between the server and client, a process which otherwise relies upon ad-hoc approaches such as those used by Ajax.
communication in the http protocol to go in two directions rather than one.
the one-sided nature of the World Wide Web's http protocol without resorting to side-communication by programs such as AJAX. By default, the http protocol assigns one side to be the "client" and the other the "server". The server is typically available to handle incoming requests coming from a client. Unfortunately, there are times when a server needs to update information
* Home * Demo * Download * Draft Specs
ReverseHttp Demo service: Offline
I have taken the free reversehttp service offline for the foreseeable future, because the traffic bill has been getting too high. If anyone would like to sponsor or host the publicly-available service, or would like advice on configuring a service instance of their own for their own use, please get in touch.
Please see here for more information. Introduction
Polling for updates is bad. We've known this for about as long as computers have existed. So why are so many web-based services (SUP, RSS and Atom feeds, Twitter, etc.) based around polling?
The answer lies, first and foremost, in the asymmetry of HTTP. The web is split into two pieces: programs that make requests, and programs that handle them. It's very rare to see a single program behaving as both a client and a server.
To fix the asymmetry, we need to be able to act as if being able to respond to HTTP requests was within easy reach of every program, so that we can notify interested parties of changes by simply sending an HTTP request to them. This is the core idea of web hooks.
We need to push the messy business of dealing with long-polling away from the core and toward the edge of the network, where it should be.
We need to let programs dynamically claim a piece of URL space using a plain old HTTP client and handle requests sent to URLs in that space using that same HTTP client.
Once that's done suddenly asynchronous notification of events is within reach of any program that has access to an HTTP client library, and protocols and services layered on top of HTTP no longer have to contort themselves to deal with the asymmetry of HTTP. They can assume that all the world's a server, and simply push and pull content to and from whereever they please. The Solution
Tunnel HTTP over HTTP, in a structured, controllable, securable way. Let programs claim part of URL space, and serve HTTP, all by using an ordinary HTTP client library.
* Read the draft specifications. * Check out the implementation. * Try the demos.
This isn't a completely new idea, it seems, though it doesn't seem to be widely used — yet.
At around the same time as I was writing ReverseHttp (i.e. May 2008), Donovan Preston at Second Life was writing up his take on the same idea, which he also called Reverse HTTP (a.k.a "PTTH"). His idea is to use the HTTP 1.1 Upgrade header to switch the direction of the protocol, which works well for non-browser environments. He also has a Comet-based solution very similar to mine, except that it uses JSON objects for describing the HTTP requests and responses where mine uses the actual HTTP message formats. Donovan Preston writes more about the Second Life variant here, and has, with Mark Lentczner, produced an Internet-Draft for the Upgrade-header based protocol. Download and links
|This article does not cite any sources. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A reverse proxy is either a proxy server that is installed on a server network or on network equipment. Typically, reverse proxies are used in front of Web servers. All connections coming from the Internet addressed to one of the Web servers are routed through the proxy server, which may either deal with the request itself or pass the request wholly or partially to the main web servers.
A reverse proxy dispatches in-bound network traffic to a set of servers, presenting a single interface to the caller. For example, a reverse proxy could be used for load balancing a cluster of web servers. In contrast, a forward proxy acts as a proxy for out-bound traffic. For example, an ISP may use a proxy to forward HTTP traffic from its clients to external web servers on the Internet; it may also cache the results to improve performance.
There are several reasons for installing reverse proxy servers:
- Security: reverse proxies provide an additional layer of defense by masquerading the web server behind the proxy. Reverse proxies can also provide Application firewall features, to protect against common web-based attacks.
- Encryption / SSL acceleration: when secure websites are created, the SSL encryption is sometimes not done by the Web server itself, but by a reverse proxy that is equipped with SSL acceleration hardware or software.
- Load distribution: the reverse proxy can distribute the load to several servers, each server serving its own application area. In the case of reverse proxying in the neighborhood of Web servers, the reverse proxy may have to rewrite the URLs in each webpage (translation from externally known URLs to the internal locations).
- Caching: A reverse proxy can offload the Web servers by caching static content, such as images, as well as dynamic content, such as a HTML-page rendered by a content management system. Proxy caches of this sort can often satisfy a considerable amount of website requests, greatly reducing the load on the central web server; another term is Web accelerator. This technique is also used for the Wikipedia servers.
- Compression: the proxy server can optimize and compress the content to speed up the load time.
- Spoon feeding: a dynamically generated page can be produced all at once and served to the reverse-proxy, which can then return it to the client a little bit at a time. The program that generates the page is not forced to remain open and tying up server resources during the possibly extended time the client requires to complete the transfer.
See also[edit]
- Proxy server
- Apache HTTP Server may be extended with mod_proxy to be used as a reverse proxy; a caching reverse proxy server may be configured using the mod_cache module in conjunction with mod_proxy.[1]
- Apache Traffic Server - An open source, high-performance routing and caching server
- CACHEbox is a high performance HTTP/HTTPS/FTP caching proxy appliance supporting reverse as well as forward deployment modes.
- Internet Information Services 7.0 with URL Rewrite v2 and Application Request Routing can act as Reverse Proxy.[2]
- Lighttpd can be used as a reverse proxy with load balancing capabilities.
- LiteSpeed Web Server can be used as a transparent reverse proxy server running in front of any web server or application server that supports HTTP protocol.
- Microsoft ISA Server - A commercial proxy, firewall and caching solution by Microsoft.
- Nginx - Web and Reverse proxy server.
- Novell Access Manager is a commercial security solution which includes a reverse proxy, a policy based access manager and SSL VPN. All components use a LDAP like directory or federation with Liberty and others.
- Perlbal is a Perl-based reverse proxy load balancer and web server.
- Pound, a lightweight open source reverse proxy.
- Squid is a proxy server that may be installed in a reverse proxy configuration.
- Stunnel can be used as a local SSL reverse proxy.
- Sun Java System Web Server includes reverse proxy module with load balancing capabilities.
- Varnish is a performance-focused open source reverse proxy. It has a policy configuration language to allow extension. It features ESI, SaintMode, DNS director and native support for In-line C.
- WinGate supports reverse-proxying with SSL, authentication, and multiple virtual hosts.
- Zeus is a product that can function as both a forward and reverse proxy, as well as content load balancer.
- McAfee Web Gateway is a product that can act as a reverse proxy. At the same time provide SSL decryption, caching, AV, Anti-Spam and other threat detection techniques.
- ^ mod_proxy - Apache HTTP Server
- ^ "Reverse Proxy with URL Rewrite v2 and Application Request Routing". July 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-12.
Instructions for downloading the implementation are here *
There's lots of thinking from others along the same lines: o http://www.eflorenzano.com/blog/post/reverse-http/ o http://ulaluma.com/pyx/archives/2008/12/ptth_reverse_ht.html o http://t0rxon.blogspot.com/2009/02/making-real-time-web-real-time.html o http://kirkwylie.blogspot.com/2008/12/scoble-joins-real-time-web-conversation.html o http://kirkwylie.blogspot.com/2008/12/rest-requires-asynchronous-notification.html o http://www.webhooks.org/
External links[edit]
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Versions: 00
Internet Engineering Task Force M. Lentczner Internet-Draft Linden Research, Inc. Intended status: Informational D. Preston Expires: September 5, 2009 March 4, 2009
Reverse HTTP
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 5, 2009.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
This memo explains a method for making HTTP requests to a host that cannot be contacted directly. Typically, such a host is behind a firewall and/or a network address translation system.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2. Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Host Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Persistent Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4. Fall Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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1. Introduction
HTTP has become widely used as an application layer transport. Systems such as XML-RPC and SOAP, as well as numerous "web APIs" such as the Flickr API, all use HTTP as a method for having a client make requests of a server.
The design of HTTP is such that the entity that initiates the TCP connection over which HTTP flows is also the entity that issues the request. When building applications over HTTP where the hosts involved can both function as TCP servers, this is no problem: When either host wishes to invoke an function on the other, it can initiate a TCP connection to the other, and acting as the client in the HTTP protocol, issue the request.
In many HTTP based applications, one of the hosts cannot function as an HTTP server. Typically, the host may be behind a firewall, or not have a publicly routable IP address. In this case, application layer interfaces can no longer be symmetric: If a host needs to invoke a function on a host that cannot function as an HTTP server, than that function cannot be easily layered on top of HTTP. Typical designs to work around this constraint involve different encodings and semantics for requests from the server host to the non-server host, and the use of the long-poll technique.
Reverse HTTP is designed to enable the application layer encoding and semantics to be built upon HTTP uniformly for requests in either direction between a non-server host and server host. Since the non- server host cannot be contacted directly, the non-server host still needs to establish the TCP connection, but once the Reverse HTTP protocol is negotiated, the full HTTP protocol is used in the reverse of the normal direction: from the server to the client
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Protocol
2.1. Overview
A Reverse HTTP connection is established between hosts A and B as follows:
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1. Host A establishes a TCP connection to host B.
2. Host A makes an HTTP request to host B. This request indicates A's willingness to engage in Reverse HTTP, and supplies any identification, authentication and authorization needed by B. The request is signaled by the Upgrade header in the request. Typically, the request is also indicated by a particular URL, and the other information encoded in the URL, body, or cookies, but applications are free to use any methods they wish for these purposes.
3. Host B signals its agreement to enter into Reverse HTTP by use of a 101 status code and the Upgrade header in its response. At the conclusion of this response, the original HTTP connection is considered abandoned, and a new HTTP connection is established where host B is in the role of client and host A in the role of server. From then on, request messages can be sent from B, with responses from A.
2.2. Upgrade
The switch to Reverse HTTP is signaled via HTTP's Upgrade header and upgrade mechanism, as described in sections 14.42 and 10.1.2. of RFC2616 [RFC2616].
The protocol token used in the Upgrade header is: PTTH/1.0
Section 10.1.2 of HTTP [RFC2616] defines the precise point of the protocol switch: Directly after the empty line of the response message containing the Upgrade header. At this point, the new connection proceeds with the full HTTP protocol, as if the TCP connection had just been established, but with the parties in reverse: the original server acting as the HTTP client, sending request messages, and the original client acting as the HTTP server, sending response messages.
2.3. Example
In this example, host A will contact host B, and indicate it's willingness to enter into Reverse HTTP, and then process request messages from B:
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A --> B: POST /message-queue?id=iamsam HTTP/1.1 Host: b.example.com Upgrade: PTTH/1.0 Connection: Upgrade
A <-- B: HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: PTTH/1.0 Connection: Upgrade
A <-- B: GET /status HTTP/1.1 Host:
A --> B: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-type: text/plain Content-Length: 4
3. Considerations
3.1. Host Header
Section 14.23 of HTTP [RFC2616] requires that all HTTP/1.1 requests have a Host header. However, if the URI requested doesn't include an internet host, then the Host field is empty. In the case of Reverse HTTP, the URI requested refers to a resource on Host A, which does not have an host name or IP accessible to Host B. As such, the Host field in request messages from B SHOULD contain an empty Host field.
3.2. Connection
The Upgrade mechanism is defined to be a hop-by-hop level in HTTP. As such, the Upgrade header is required to be listed in a Connection header in both the request message and the response message. Reverse HTTP, however, is establishing an end-to-end establishment of an HTTP connection in the reverse direction. Thus, Reverse HTTP upgrade can only be used with a proxy if the proxy is willing to establish Reverse HTTP on the next hop, or the CONNECT verb is used with the proxy to first establish a tunnel. Where Reverse HTTP is used over HTTPS connections, there is no problem, even in the face of proxies, because those proxies establish an end-to-end tunnel that constitutes a single HTTP hop.
3.3. Persistent Connections
Once established, the HTTP connection operating in reverse is just like any other HTTP connection. In particular, the persistent
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connection mechanisms of both HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 are available. In this way, a host can establish a bi-directional HTTP based communication to another host using two TCP connections: One running a persistent HTTP connection to the remote host, and another, after negotiating Reverse HTTP, running a persistent HTTP connection from the remote host back to itself.
3.4. Fall Back
Applications can be developed where not all hosts have to understand Reverse HTTP. If the non-server host doesn't understand Reverse HTTP, then the server will not see an Upgrade token of PTTH/1.0 and so will know to fall back to some other application method of routing requests to the non-server host. If the server doesn't understand Reverse HTTP, then it will respond to the HTTP request, ignoring the Upgrade token. In such cases, the non-server host will see a response that corresponds to the fall back method.
The actual method of fall back is beyond the scope of this memo. The authors have experimented with various forms including JSON and XML encoding of application level requests, and more generic encoding of HTTP messages into HTTP message bodies. In general, existing applications can migrate to Reverse HTTP and keep their existing techniques as fall back.
4. Security Considerations
Reverse HTTP introduces no new security concerns beyond those known with HTTP. However, as it applies HTTP in a novel way, the common security concerns need to be applied to the parties in reverse. In particular, client software that initiates Reverse HTTP must realize that it will act as a server once the upgrade is complete, and so prepare it self for almost all the same issues any HTTP server must be concerned with. The security concerns can be lessened somewhat in that the client need not be prepared for arbitrary requests from the Internet. HTTP requests can only come from the host the client chooses to connect and establish Reverse HTTP to. Standard precautions, such as negotiating TLS or using HTTPS, should be use so that the client can rule out man-in-the-middle and impersonation attacks.
5. IANA Considerations
This document asks IANA to register the token PTTH in the HTTP Upgrade Token registry.
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6. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
Authors' Addresses
Mark Lentczner Linden Research, Inc. 945 Battery St. San Francisco, CA 94111 US
Phone: +1 415 243 9000 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Donovan Preston
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Html markup produced by rfcmarkup 1.90, available from http://tools.ietf.org/tools/rfcmarkup/


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i have been selling on e bay for almost 9 years , all along and right from the beginning the sub title and the gallery pictures were free and sometimes 2 cents , our listing renewed automatically and the bill deducted from our account , but between august 2010 and December 2011 they were charging $ i . 50 per subtitle and 2 . 50 per gallery picture , they did that for almost 18 months . the moment we learned about this we canceled our 1000 items listing and re post it without any sub title or gallery pictures , we sent e bay 4 registered leers complain about this error and demanded the money back . we talked prior to the letters to about 35 employees regarding the refund and nothing was resolved . e bay never notified us about the increase of the fees , we never received an e mail from them . help
You posted this a few weeks ago and received numerous thoughtful and correct responses.
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- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 129
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of floors - 5
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free WiFi
- Luggage storage
- 24-hour front desk
- Elevator/lift
- Laundry facilities
- One meeting room
- Self parking (surcharge)
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
Holiday Inn Milan - Garibaldi Station offers 129 air-conditioned accommodations with minibars and safes. A pillow menu is available. LED televisions come with premium satellite channels. Bathrooms include bathtubs or showers, bidets, and hair dryers.
Guests can surf the web using the complimentary wired and wireless Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include desks, complimentary newspapers, and phones. Additionally, rooms include coffee/tea makers and irons/ironing boards. A nightly turndown service is provided and housekeeping is offered daily.
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Turndown service
- Premium TV channels
- Room service (limited hours)
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Bidet
- Bathtub or shower
- Satellite TV service
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free newspaper
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Pillow menu
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
Where to Eat
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Fashion Bar - This cocktail bar serves light fare only. Happy hour is offered.
Butterfly - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A children's menu is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include a fitness center.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 2:30 AM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available for EUR 14 per night.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of EUR 15 per pet, per day
- Restrictions apply
- For more information contact the property at the number on the booking confirmation
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 5 per person, per night, up to 14 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 18 years of age.
Optional extras
- Breakfast fee: EUR 16 per person (approximately)
- Self parking fee: EUR 13 per day
- Pet fee: EUR 15 per pet, per day
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 14 per night
Hotel Name
- Holiday Inn Hotel Milan Garibaldi Station
- Holiday Inn Milan Garibaldi Station
- Milan Garibaldi Station Holiday Inn
- Holiday Inn Garibaldi Station
- Holiday Inn Milan - Garibaldi Station Hotel Milan
- Milan Holiday Inn
- Holiday Inn Milan Garibaldi Station Hotel
We should mention
All guests, including children, must be present at check-in and show their government-issued photo ID card or passport. Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).
Kids Stay Free Promotion
Book a stay in any room or rate category for travel anytime and receive the following:
- Accommodations as selected
- Up to two children under 18 years old stay free when sharing a room with 2 adults (based on availability)
- Free breakfast, lunch, and dinner for children under 13 when an adult orders from the table d'hôte/à la carte menu


text:
|Reviews for Serendipity
| LifeandFire25 chapter 11 . 5/12/2012
O zev .
| LifeandFire25 chapter 10 . 4/30/2012
Yay glad your back I know she has to be tired at being at sea for so long.
| kdarnell2 chapter 9 . 2/8/2012
Even though the updates are slow coming, this story is quite facinating. All sorts of questions regarding the fereldan throne and the warden. Why is she hiding, why is he looking for her and why did Zev hijack her in such a convoluted manner? Questions, questions, soo many questions. Looking forward to updates for the answers. Good job keeping my attention despite the time between updates. Ususally, I loose interest but so far I'm still caught with this one.
| Julia chapter 7 . 3/14/2011
This is great, though lacking in commas in some places. I enjoyed the parts with Zev immensely; he is, after all, one of my favourite characters in the game and you captured his character completely. Well-done. I can't wait for more!
| x.Janele.x chapter 7 . 3/14/2011
Oh my gosh, it's Anders. Wasn't expecting that one at all! And since you said there was going to be DA2 spoilers, I'm wondering if Justice is here as well. This just got very interesting... update soon!
| Zoe Whiteraven chapter 5 . 2/8/2011
Love it so far and hope u update soon!
| x.Janele.x chapter 5 . 2/6/2011
Uh oh! What a jerk, thinking that's the only way to get her back! I can't wait to read the confrontation, and the longer chapter was awesome. :) Very well done as usual!
| Judy chapter 5 . 2/5/2011
And the plot thickens. Very well done.
| Liss1922 chapter 4 . 2/4/2011
I'm excited to see where this is all going
| x.Janele.x chapter 4 . 2/3/2011
Omg! PLEASE update again soon, this is fantastic! I usually don't read Zevran fics, but your summary just grabbed me and now I can't wait to see what happens! I would love to see longer chapters though, if possible, just because it was over too quickly! :)
| MyAshestoAshes chapter 4 . 2/3/2011
Very exciting! I love Zevran but I'm excitied to see Alistair as well and the Triangle. I look forward to the next chapter!
| Judy chapter 4 . 2/3/2011
Well done. I would love to see her end up with Zev!
| Frankie chapter 4 . 2/3/2011
Gahhh, I love your writing style! It's beautiful and simple, but elegant and complex at the same time! Please keep writing more, I love this story already, even if I am jealous of Scarlett getting all the action ;D 3
| fifespice chapter 4 . 2/3/2011
ooh so will there be some romance with zev then sounds like it lol
| fifespice chapter 3 . 2/3/2011
ooh why exactly is zevran there hmm


text:
The first team offense never got into any real rhythm, struggling to consistently move the ball through the air. The run game was dominant - something that we have come to expect from this team. But the passing game faltered at times. Call it rust, but there were a few series on offense that made me scratch my head.
There was a span of three offensive plays in which they committed back-to-back penalties, and then gave up a sack.
There was another series in which the ball was thrown three times and resulted in Buster Davis fumbling, Malcolm Floyd dropping a pass, and Vincent Jackson fumbling.
It was clear that the pass blocking up front was not quite there yet, and neither was Philip Rivers. That is completely acceptable at this point in the year, but at least it gives the team something to work on.
Overall, not a great start for the first team offense but there were some bright spots. Malcolm Floyd had an outstanding game altogether. I watch how he catches the ball and runs with it and I wonder if I am looking at a Pro Bowler. He is in the best physical shape he has ever been, and is quietly emerging as the Chargers top receiver.
Continue reading this post by clicking this link:
Buster Davis looked smooth and quick. His hands, which are almost legendary at this point even though he has yet to catch a regular season pass, are soft and reliable. They are going to use him in much the same role that Parker has played the past few years, which means taking reverses, quick sideline routes, and hopefully big third down plays.
Vincent Jackson was dominant as a blocker and came up with a nice 13 yard catch. However, he did commit a fumble and will need to continue to work on securing the ball after the catch.
One of the most impressive performances came by way of Legedu Naanee and his four catches on the day. Used more as a wide receiver on Sunday rather than a Tight End, Naanee was smooth yet physical. He is a nice mid range target across the middle and has the size to absorb the hit. He is a very interesting guy who is now part of an impressive mix of receivers on the Chargers.
Another impressive rookie was Scott Chandler. He is a very large target who looked every part the rookie on the field, yet still made a bunch of plays based off natural ability. Once he gets his technique to improve and understands more deeply his role on the offense, he'll be a great auxiliary guy to steal a few catches away from Antonio Gates. Chandler is a guy who looks the most raw but at the same time, he is being asked to do many things on offense, not the least of which is to block.
One guy who really needed to have a great game was Darren Sproles, and he did just that. He did not dazzle as a returner, but he did make a bunch of plays on offense. As long as the right play is dialed up for him, he can be successful in moving the ball down field. The only problem is that he needs to impress as a returner because that is his primary role on this team. He is the third or fourth running back on the depth chart and won't carry the ball very much during the regular season. Andrew Pinnock displayed great hands catching the ball out of the backfield and is truely becoming more of a tailback rather than strictly a fullback. And added to the mix is also Tyronne Gross, who like last preseason, looked very impressive catching the ball and running it.
In regards to the offensive line, both the starters and the secondary teams had problems initially in pass protection. One of the more interesting players who is not a starter is Cory Lekkerkerker. He is firmly asserting himself as the team's best backup tackle not named Roman Oben. I think he is going to continue to improve and will perform just fine in spot duty. Having said that, he has the same trouble that Shane Olivea is guilty of, and that having only average footwork. Big Lek has a great initial hand punch and he gets into his pass protect base well. But he can over extend and fail to shuffle his feet, causing him to fall on his face against a shifty pass rusher. He needs to work on that, but he'll get better.
Coming soon:
Defense and Special Teams
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text:
Self-serve beer movement goes flat Kitchen improvements cut wait times Mobile ordering finds its moment Losing some wait Jr. NBA turns focus to standards Simplify my league Coaxing the next generation U.S. industry learns from global success PBC plots path to maximize distribution UFC adjusting after acquisition
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SBJ/August 29-September 4, 2011/In Depth
Tennis Hall of Fame member Kellmeyer looks back at her career
Published August 29, 2011, Page 19
KELLMEYER: In 1973, I began as [WTA] Tour director and did everything imaginable, from scheduling matches and providing competition rules and guidelines to running out to the local sporting goods store when we ran out of tennis balls, filling in as a ball person late at night when the kids had to get home to bed for school the next day. I called lines when we ran out of linespersons, baby-sat for players' kids, and at the same time worked with the local tournament director and the Virginia Slims executives in promoting the sport [Virginia Slims sponsored the tour]. Throughout my career, "operations" was always in the title, and I am proud of the fact that I participated for 35 years on the WTA board of directors since day one.
Peachy Kellmeyer (right) poses with (from left) former player Rosie Casals, WTA Tour CEO Stacey Allaster and WTA Tour player Marion Bartoli during the BNP Paribas Open in March.
KELLMEYER: While refereeing at the 1972 Virginia Slims Championships in Boca Raton, I was hired by Gladys Heldman and the 16 players [who formed the tour] to be the tour director for the upcoming 1973 Virginia Slims season.
■What is the most important development to occur in the sport?
KELLMEYER: "Battle of the Sexes" — King defeats Riggs [in 1973]. This got tennis on the front pages, got the guy in the local pub who was a sports fan now becoming a tennis fan, and got women all over the world to feel a new door had been opened. It was a cultural change, and I believe it to be the most important development to occur in women's sports.
■What would you like to see changed with the game today?
KELLMEYER: I would like to see more former champions of tournaments recognized and/or participating during the worldwide events. They do quite a bit of this in golf, and I think it is important for everyone to know and understand the history in order to determine how best to plan for the future.
■Who was or is your favorite player?
KELLMEYER: No question, Billie Jean King. Without her vision and leadership, tennis, equality and women would not be where they are today.


text:
SailNet Community (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/)
- General Discussion (sailing related) (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/general-discussion-sailing-related/)
- - Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/general-discussion-sailing-related/99714-sailboat-wooden-steering-wheels.html)
Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
Sailing community,
I am seeking to identify how much of a desire there is out there for wooden steering wheels for the sailing community out there. I have seen two or so sources of high quality wheels that are very nice, however, limited in variety or potentially high in cost.
The offering I am seeking a reply to is one of high quality and exotic wood wheels, beyond the typical Teak.
Would love to hear some opinion on this subject.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
The Edson Corp. makes a nice wooden destroyer wheel but its expensive as its costly to make...and its one more item to varnish. Worm and rack & pinion steerers often have wooden spoked wheels but those spokes catch on things and bang off your knees. I like the cold stainless destroyer wheel spinning thru my hands (an no maintenance.).
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
Thank you Priscilla - I have seen the Edson wheels and am mostly focused on wheels that are 24" and up in size. Is this what you were responding to or were you referring to diameters less than 24?
The coating finish that would be used would be highly resistant to sun so this would not be as big an issue as in other parts of the boat made of wood. I do understand that the stainless does provide less of a concern, also a different look than what the wood provides.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
No wood wheels for me. I don't like any exterior wood.
By the way, what's this "coating finish" you mentioned that's highly resistant to UV? If it's a clear wood finish and it's outside, it will need regular maintenance.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
Are you thinking of tradition spoked timber wheel ? If so I'd suspect the market is very small indeed. Spoked with a timber rim may be the way to go but even so I wonder if there would be much demand. Probably depend on quality and price. A very high level product may well appeal to the full tilt restoration market but it seems to me most people who try and do up a classic might not have the dosh for a fancy new timber wheel.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
If you are talking about a "traditional" salty-style spoked wheel then count me out. A Nardi type one might be OK, but I basically hate all exterior wood.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
I recently bought a new wheel for my new to me Catalina 34. I considered an Edson teak rim destroyer wheel but went with the leather wrapped wheel instead. Mainly because I didn't want to have to maintain the varnish on the teak rim. Fwiw.
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
Please see the below link to see what kind of wheels I am referring to- how much of a demand do you think there is for this type of wheel? I work with a company that specializes in high end wheels for old classic cars and they are looking to branch out.
I appreciate all the feedback, thank you so much!
ikibro . com
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
I have a Edson Teak spoke wheel and love it, especiually in cold weather :) In 8 years I have only had to refinish it once, and with it covered I doubt it will need another finish anytime soon. 3 Coats of Epifanes Natural follwed by 5 or 6 coats of clear :)
If I were to buy another wheel I would consider wood, the leather wrap s also nice but will need to be redone at some pioint as well
Re: Sailboat Wooden Steering Wheels
You mean like this?
I've seen precisely one boat (mine) that has a wood wheel.
I have no idea who made it, or how much it cost. I've seen wheels like it used at sails.biz/ for about 700 bucks.
FYI, I have the stainless original wheel in the v-berth storage compartment.
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text:
Synopsis: Two detectives search for a serial killer who appears to choose his victims based on the seven deadly sins.
Director: David Fincher
Runtime: 127 minutes
MPAA Rating: R
IMDb: 8.6/10 Rotten Tomatoes: 79%
Netflix (US): No
Jump Scares: 1 (1 major, 0 minor)
Jump Scare Rating: Seven contains only one jump scare which will startle many viewers who are not prepared for it.
WARNING: The following may contain spoilers
Jump Scare Times
54:00 – An emaciated man strapped to a bed suddenly begins to move, revealing that he is in fact still alive. [Video]
(Major scares in bold)
Download a .srt file of the jump scares in Seven [more info].


text:
Next verse 2
I am the anti-mam,
Unholy, dark, unsweet,
I snarl at little children
As I pass them in the street.
I hate the sound of tiny toes,
Pitter, pitter, pat.
But if you stop them running round
They only grow up fat.
The world would be a better place
If babies went away,
And came back as perfect grownups,
Rounded in every single way.
I don't trust myself with off-spring,
It's not babies that are bad,
That comes from Larkin', growin' up,
With good ole mum and dad.


text:
Filter by:
Content type:
Stage 1&2
Stage 2&3
Stage 3&4
Stage 4&5
Challenge level:
Peter Zimmerman, a Year 13 student at Mill Hill County High School
in Barnet, London wrote this account of modulus arithmetic.
Peter Zimmerman from Mill Hill County High School in Barnet, London
gives a neat proof that: 5^(2n+1) + 11^(2n+1) + 17^(2n+1) is
divisible by 33 for every non negative integer n.
Tom writes about expressing numbers as the sums of three squares.
What can you say about the common difference of an AP where every term is prime?
We only need 7 numbers for modulus (or clock) arithmetic mod 7
including working with fractions. Explore how to divide numbers and
write fractions in modulus arithemtic.
Which is the biggest and which the smallest of $2000^{2002}, 2001^{2001} \text{and } 2002^{2000}$?
Find the smallest positive integer N such that N/2 is a perfect
cube, N/3 is a perfect fifth power and N/5 is a perfect seventh
Prove that if a^2+b^2 is a multiple of 3 then both a and b are multiples of 3.
By proving these particular identities, prove the existence of general cases.
An account of methods for finding whether or not a number can be written as the sum of two or more squares or as the sum of two or more cubes.
With n people anywhere in a field each shoots a water pistol at the
nearest person. In general who gets wet? What difference does it
make if n is odd or even?
In this 7-sandwich: 7 1 3 1 6 4 3 5 7 2 4 6 2 5 there are 7 numbers between the 7s, 6 between the 6s etc. The article shows which values of n can make n-sandwiches and which cannot.
Make and prove a conjecture about the value of the product of the Fibonacci numbers $F_{n+1}F_{n-1}$.
By considering powers of (1+x), show that the sum of the squares of
the binomial coefficients from 0 to n is 2nCn
Find a connection between the shape of a special ellipse and an
infinite string of nested square roots.
Find all real solutions of the equation (x^2-7x+11)^(x^2-11x+30) = 1.
Find all the solutions to the this equation.
We continue the discussion given in Euclid's Algorithm I, and here we shall discover when an equation of the form ax+by=c has no solutions, and when it has infinitely many solutions.
We are given a regular icosahedron having three red vertices. Show
that it has a vertex that has at least two red neighbours.
Given that a, b and c are natural numbers show that if sqrt a+sqrt
b is rational then it is a natural number. Extend this to 3
Suppose A always beats B and B always beats C, then would you
expect A to beat C? Not always! What seems obvious is not always
true. Results always need to be proved in mathematics.
Take a number, add its digits then multiply the digits together,
then multiply these two results. If you get the same number it is
an SP number.
Given that u>0 and v>0 find the smallest possible value of
1/u + 1/v given that u + v = 5 by different methods.
Can you work out where the blue-and-red brick roads end?
Can you discover whether this is a fair game?
Some diagrammatic 'proofs' of algebraic identities and
A composite number is one that is neither prime nor 1. Show that
10201 is composite in any base.
Take any rectangle ABCD such that AB > BC. The point P is on AB
and Q is on CD. Show that there is exactly one position of P and Q
such that APCQ is a rhombus.
Prove that, given any three parallel lines, an equilateral triangle
always exists with one vertex on each of the three lines.
Investigate the number of points with integer coordinates on
circles with centres at the origin for which the square of the
radius is a power of 5.
If you take two tests and get a marks out of a maximum b in the first and c marks out of d in the second, does the mediant (a+c)/(b+d)lie between the results for the two tests separately.
Here is a proof of Euler's formula in the plane and on a sphere together with projects to explore cases of the formula for a polygon with holes, for the torus and other solids with holes and the. . . .
This follows up the 'magic Squares for Special Occasions' article which tells you you to create a 4by4 magicsquare with a special date on the top line using no negative numbers and no repeats.
Imagine two identical cylindrical pipes meeting at right angles and think about the shape of the space which belongs to both pipes. Early Chinese mathematicians call this shape the mouhefanggai.
An article which gives an account of some properties of magic squares.
This article discusses how every Pythagorean triple (a, b, c) can be illustrated by a square and an L shape within another square. You are invited to find some triples for yourself.
Prove that in every tetrahedron there is a vertex such that the
three edges meeting there have lengths which could be the sides of
a triangle.
When if ever do you get the right answer if you add two fractions
by adding the numerators and adding the denominators?
The first of five articles concentrating on whole number dynamics, ideas of general dynamical systems are introduced and seen in concrete cases.
Follow the hints and prove Pick's Theorem.
The first of two articles on Pythagorean Triples which asks how many right angled triangles can you find with the lengths of each side exactly a whole number measurement. Try it!
Caroline and James pick sets of five numbers. Charlie chooses three of them that add together to make a multiple of three. Can they stop him?
Take any prime number greater than 3 , square it and subtract one.
Working on the building blocks will help you to explain what is
special about your results.
A point moves around inside a rectangle. What are the least and the
greatest values of the sum of the squares of the distances from the
This article extends the discussions in "Whole number dynamics I". Continuing the proof that, for all starting points, the Happy Number sequence goes into a loop or homes in on a fixed point.
In this third of five articles we prove that whatever whole number we start with for the Happy Number sequence we will always end up with some set of numbers being repeated over and over again.
Professor Korner has generously supported school mathematics for more than 30 years and has been a good friend to NRICH since it started.
Solve this famous unsolved problem and win a prize. Take a positive
integer N. If even, divide by 2; if odd, multiply by 3 and add 1.
Iterate. Prove that the sequence always goes to 4,2,1,4,2,1...
Some puzzles requiring no knowledge of knot theory, just a careful
inspection of the patterns. A glimpse of the classification of
knots and a little about prime knots, crossing numbers and. . . .
Take a complicated fraction with the product of five quartics top
and bottom and reduce this to a whole number. This is a numerical
example involving some clever algebra.


text:
After Care Program
A well-supervised and licensed After Care Program is available ON SITE from 3:00 PM – 6:00 PM on all days that school is in full-day session.
Please note: There is no care on days with early dismissal.
After Care Participants must be registered students at Little Flower School in Pre-Kindergarten -Grade 8. A charge of $12 per day (billed monthly) regardless of the amount of time spent in attendance.
There is a $30 per child registration fee and parents must choose the day(s) of the week they wish to reserve. We have a capacity of 25 children per day. Days fill quickly so we encourage prompt registration at the beginning of the year.
All attendees must be pre-registered – drop-in students cannot be accepted. Registered children requesting to be accommodated on a different day depend on space availability for the requested day.