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Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners in collaborative networks: a systematic review
Organization, structure and delivery of healthcare
Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners facilitate transactions and the flow of information between people or groups who either have no physical or cognitive access to one another, or alternatively, who have no basis on which to trust each other. The health care sector is a context that is rich in isolated clusters, such as silos and professional "tribes," in need of connectivity. It is a key challenge in health service management to understand, analyse and exploit the role of key agents who have the capacity to connect disparate groupings in larger systems.
The empirical, peer reviewed, network theory literature on brokerage roles was reviewed for the years 1994 to 2011 following PRISMA guidelines.
The 24 articles that made up the final literature set were from a wide range of settings and contexts not just healthcare. Methods of data collection, analysis, and the ways in which brokers were identified varied greatly. We found four main themes addressed in the literature: identifying brokers and brokerage opportunities, generation and integration of innovation, knowledge brokerage, and trust. The benefits as well as the costs of brokerage roles were examined.
Collaborative networks by definition, seek to bring disparate groups together so that they can work effectively and synergistically together. Brokers can support the controlled transfer of specialised knowledge between groups, increase cooperation by liaising with people from both sides of the gap, and improve efficiency by introducing "good ideas" from one isolated setting into another.
There are significant costs to brokerage. Densely linked networks are more efficient at diffusing information to all their members when compared to sparsely linked groups. This means that while a bridge across a structural hole allows information to reach actors that were previously isolated, it is not the most efficient way to transfer information. Brokers who become the holders of, or the gatekeepers to, specialised knowledge or resources can become overwhelmed by the role and so need support in order to function optimally.
Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners facilitate transactions and the flow of information between people or groups separated or hindered by some gap or barrier. This may be a physical gap such as geographic location, cognitive or cultural gap such as differing disciplines or professions or alternatively, the gap may be that members of one party have no basis on which to trust the other. Studies on brokerage have included large, distributed or geographically separated organisations and corporations, commercial settings with diverse markets, political networks, affiliations and partnerships. The health care sector is another context that is rich in isolated clusters in need of connectivity such as silos, professional "tribes," and clinical versus managerial domains
Early theory on these types of roles was developed in Burt's
Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners are just three of the most common descriptors in a lengthy list of synonyms for these roles reflecting the highly nuanced nature of the connectivity function. We follow Burt
The aim of this review is to systematically review the empirical, peer reviewed research on bridges, brokers and boundary spanners from a network theoretical perspective, across a wide range of collaborative settings in order to inform our understanding of brokerage in networks. Most research is outside of health care, although there is increasing interest from health services and clinical researchers on network roles. Thus, we draw on a wider range of studies, including non-health research, to examine this issue.
The literature search was conducted in December 2011, over the period January 1994 to November 2011 following PRISMA guidelines
Articles were downloaded into Endnote X5, a bibliographic database. Duplicates and incomplete references were discarded. Two reviewers, (JL and FC) analysed titles and abstracts and removed articles if they were not empirical research articles (e.g., opinion pieces, reviews, theoretical papers), were not in English, or did not meet the other inclusion and exclusion criteria (Table
Figure 1
Flow chart of search strategy for literature review
Flow chart of search strategy for literature review.
General characteristics
The 24 articles that made up the final literature set were from a wide range of settings and contexts: from Italian Television production teams to Australian hospitals, Scandinavian telecommunication companies to US-Indian engineering projects. This enabled us to describe a rich picture of the brokerage phenomenon. Table
Levels of analysis differed. While the majority used individuals as the nodes describing relationships, two studies were at the interorganisational level looking at collaborations across an inter-firm alliance (the firms were the nodes). Eleven studies looked specifically at the interpersonal relationships within well-defined teams or project groups of less than 12 members. Some studies aggregated individual data from the teams to a single team score.
Data collection and analysis
Methods of data collection varied with ten using surveys and seven using archival documentary data such as patents, emails or personnel records to record relational ties and attributes of the participants. Ethnographic methods such as observing interactions and interviewing participants were used in four studies. The majority of studies used regression analyses to test the impact of their chosen variables on brokerage. For example, Susskind and colleagues
There was a marked difference in the way bridging, brokering or boundary-spanning positions were identified. Seven studies used Burt's network constraint measure (or a measure derived from it),
Identifying brokers and brokerage opportunities
We found four main themes addressed in the set of 24 articles. There were four studies that took the benefits of brokerage as a given and sought only to confirm brokerage opportunities in a particular network, or identify individuals with high brokerage potential
Generating and integrating innovation
There were 12 articles that sought to define the network conditions and contexts in which brokerage facilitated the generation and integration of innovative ideas
"Good ideas" may involve declarative or factual knowledge, as well as tacit knowledge that grows up around highly specific contexts. However, while networks rich in structural holes are ideal to generate innovative ideas, they are the least well suited to integrate those ideas. The diffusion of innovations literature suggest the optimal network structure for spreading factual and especially tacit knowledge is cohesion (high density) not sparseness (more structural holes)
Brokerage strategies are considered by Obstfeld
Heterogeneous knowledge held by members of a network is seen as an alternative source of novel information; diverse network content being as effective in some situations as a diverse network structure. Rodan and Galunic
Information environments are obviously important, a point explored by Aral and van Alstyne
Knowledge brokerage
When the structural hole lies between two groups who could benefit from a transfer of knowledge, the actor in the bridging role may be thought of as a knowledge broker. Two main points were raised in the literature here. Firstly, performance of work teams is enhanced when knowledge is brokered across boundaries
Secondly, there are various costs and negative sides to the brokering of knowledge
One paper in our final set of articles addresses trust and brokerage. This is a common theme in brokerage theory in the wider social network literature and is discussed at length in
There were a range of brokerage parameters (e.g. constraint, betweenness centrality, boundary spanning ties) and methodologies (e.g. archive mining, interviews, observation) used in the studies but all were seen as valid empirical means of identifying brokers. Most of the studies that used SNA took a structural approach to brokerage by evaluating actors' relational positions within their network and the opportunities and constraints for brokerage behaviour those positions gave
Another notable difference between studies was how relational data was collected. Objective methods such as counting emails or patent data, or observing actual interactions contrasted with more subjective surveys and interviews reliant on respondents' perceptions and recall of interactions. Our decision to include widely different methods of data collection arose from the recognition that brokerage as we defined it - one actor linking two unlinked others - operates basically the same within any network. However, to ensure subjective methods were appropriately managed, all the studies were assessed for quality (e.g. checking accuracy of self reports by considering reciprocity). Low response rates for whole network surveys and studies that did not discuss how they maximised data accuracy were not included.
The value of brokerage
A hole, says Burt
The value to the network that brokers bring by crossing that hole or boundary is also considerable. They can generate innovative ideas and increase the quality of creative work. Brokerage can mediate and resolve conflict, make advice and knowledge more accessible, and can act synergistically with network cohesion and strong ties to produce environments in which collaboration can flourish.
The concept of a cultural boundary spanner
The costs of brokerage
The costs of brokerage are that bottlenecks in information flow may form at the broker who risks being overloaded and stressed by others' reliance on them. There may also be a decrease in productivity as the "vision advantage" of a team high in brokerage is tempered by the cost of a dispersed focus. In addition, individuals must also bear the costs involved in maintaining bridging ties. Actors outside your cluster are likely to be different to you: involved in different work, located somewhere geographically distant or from a different profession. Since similar actors find it easier to communicate and predict one another's behaviour, trusting ties are easier to form and maintain
Rangachari's study
Brokers are key players in the sense that they can be vital to the integrity and viability of the network. The importance of the pharmacist as a knowledge broker was revealed by Creswick and Westbrook's study
While in some circumstances brokering across structural holes may not be as efficient as being embedded in an environment rich in heterogeneous knowledge this may be dependent on the age of the network. March
Two work group studies had contrasting results from their assessment of brokerage activity on team performance that may be explained by the nature of their knowledge contexts. Marrone and colleagues
Implications for healthcare
This paper argues that a knowledge of brokerage roles and their ability to improve connectivity and function across disparate groups has wide implications for healthcare. Studies in healthcare settings have shown how SNA can reveal patterns of communication between groups – both connections and gaps - and highlight key actors and areas for intervention
Useful as SNA is to describe communication patterns and identify key actors, data collection through surveys or interviews can involve a significant time investment for already stretched clinicians and achieving a high response rate from mobile staff on rotating shifts can be difficult. This review has shown that qualitative methods such as observation and the use of documentary data are also useful and may be a preferred alternative.
There are multiple lessons for health care generally, and health service management specifically. Collaborative networks by definition, seek to bring disparate groups together so that they can work effectively and synergistically together. Bridging, brokering and boundary spanning roles are crucial for bringing useful ideas from one group to another, generating innovative ideas from the selection and synthesis of diverse sources of information, and for increasing understanding and co-operation between groups. The brokerage of diverse knowledge from across a structural hole is most productive and valuable in situations where clusters have previously been isolated or introspective. Brokerage is less productive in clusters already rich in heterogeneous knowledge, and this may be a valid alternative strategy depending on the stage of the network and the intended outcomes.
Health care is a collaborative endeavour in which multiple gaps exist: between professions, departments, specialties and sites as well as the clinician-management, and indeed, the clinician-patient divide. Brokers can support the controlled transfer of specialised knowledge between groups, increase cooperation by liaising with people from both sides of the gap, and improve efficiency by introducing "good ideas" from one isolated setting into another.
There are significant costs to brokerage. Densely linked networks are more efficient at diffusing information to all their members when compared to sparsely linked groups
Competing interests
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Research design was developed by all three authors. JL and FC reviewed papers for inclusion or exclusion. JL wrote the paper and FC, JB critically reviewed all drafts and final copy. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported by ARC Discovery Project DP0986493. We thank our three reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.
An empirical assessment of social structural and cultural change in clinical directorates
Rethinking clinical organisational structures: an attitude survey of doctors, nurses and allied health staff in clinical directorates
Between group behaviour in health care: gaps, edges, boundaries, disconnections, weak ties, spaces and holes. A systematic review
Network structure and the role of key players in a translational cancer research network: a study protocol
On network theory
The development, design, testing, refinement, simulation and application of an evaluation framework for communities of practice and social-professional networks
The contribution of network research to managerial culture and practice
Organizational social network research: core ideas and key debates
Structural holes and good ideas
Investment in human capital
Differentiation of boundary spanning roles: labor negotiations and implications for role conflict
Enhancing transdisciplinary research through collaborative leadership
Identifying sets of key players in a social network
Special boundary roles in the innovation process
The people who make organizations go - or stop
Bridging: locating critical connectors in a network
Brokerage behaviour in restricted exchange networks
Structures of mediation: a formal approach to brokerage in transaction networks
The role of middle management in the strategy process: group affiliation, structural holes, and
Structural folds: generative disruption in overlapping groups
Interorganisational knowledge transfer: the role of the gatekeeper
Structural properties of work groups and their consequences for performance
Particularistic trust and general trust: a network analysis in Chinese organizations
Emergence and role of cultural boundary spanners in global engineering project networks
Nexus work: brokerage on creative projects
Social networks, the
The PRISMA Group: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review
Communication networks in R & D labs
Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: a longitudinal study
The diversity-bandwidth trade-off
Unlocking the influence of leadership network structures on team conflict and viability
The mechanisms of collaboration in inventive teams: composition, social networks, and geography
Collaboration structure and performance in new software development: findings from the study of open source projects
Social network analysis of medication advice-seeking interactions among staff in an Australian hospital
Collaborative brokerage, generative creativity, and creative success
Documenting the development of social capital in a community Safety Promotion Network: it's not what you know but who you know
Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm
Use of social network analysis to map the social relationships of staff and teachers at school
Beyond strategy: exploring the brokerage role of facilities manager in hospitals
A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of team member boundary-spanning behavior
Enhancing the innovation performance of firms by balancing cohesiveness and bridging ties
Knowledge sharing networks related to hospital quality measurement and reporting
More than network structure: how knowledge heterogeneity influences managerial performance and innovativeness
Network memory: the influence of past and current networks on performance
Network evolution: the origins of structural holes
Team leaders and team members in interorganizational networks: an examination of structural holes and performance
Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity
Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification
Knowledge sharing and organizational learning in the context of hospital infection prevention
Network analysis, culture, and the problem of agency
The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology
Breaking down the walls: thoughts on the scholarship of integration
Taking stock of networks and organizations: a multilevel perspective
Bridge decay
Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: biased information sampling during discussion
Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning
Organizational memory
Making invisible work visible: using social network analysis to support strategic collaboration
Social network analysis in healthcare settings: a systematic scoping review
Do local opinion leaders augment hospital quality improvement efforts? Randomized trial to promote adherence to unstable angina guidelines
Is the involvement of opinion leaders in the implementation of research findings a feasible strategy?
Identifying opinion leaders to promote behavior change
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


text:
Every off-season the FBSL holds a live Amateur draft. The draft is normally held on a Sunday night to be determined by the simmer. Rounds 1 and 2 plus the compensation round are held day one of the draft. The Tuesday to follow is normally when rounds 3-5 are held. The draft is live with owners showing up in the league chat to draft their players. Owners may allow another teams owner to draft for them, or they may send in a text document with a list of players. These lists should be sent to the league email.
To determine draft order the league uses the following:
World series winner drafts last. Runner up will draft second to last with all other teams falling in by record. Ties in standing will be broken by;
A) head to head (if allowable)
B) division record (worst record getting better position)
C) run differential
The worst five teams would enter into a lottery. A lottery program is used to determine the top five teams. Each team receives an amount of balls in which the program would use to select order. The amount of balls a team receives is determined by record.
Draft order
At the end of each season, the top 5 draft positions will be chosen via a "Draft Lottery". The 5 teams with the worse records at the end of the season will be entered into the lottery. Each team will get a set amount of spots in the Random Draft Order Generator(RDOG), to be determined by record. The RDOG has 30 spots. The amount of spots are:
Worse Record = 10 spots
2nd Worse = 8 spots
3rd Worse = 6 spots
4th Worse = 4 spots
5th Worse = 2 spots
After the completion of round one the league holds a compensation round. Compensation picks are awarded each season by league officials. A vote is held with all officials (or a majority) voting on whom they feel deserves an extra pick. It is usually five picks to directly follow the first round of the draft. League officials could add more selections if they felt the need. Also, record alone is not grounds for a compensation pick. Activity level, state of team upon taking over, and many other things can weigh into the decision.
Final notes:
*Each team is allowed 2 minutes to make a selection in the live draft. (All rounds). League simmer holds the right to alter that if needed during a draft.
*If time runs out with no selection a team may be skipped allowing the next owner to make a selection. Once a pick is made the skipped owner may then make a selection. The skipped owner has no more time and would need to make the selection known immediately. Simmer will decide if skipping an owner is needed or not.
*If a trade is completed during the draft for the pick on the clock, the team gaining that spot takes over the remaining time left to make their selection. The clock does not reset after a trade.
*Compensation picks can not directly be traded to another team at any time.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Bus Pyskowice Silesian Voivodeship » Eindhoven
3 coach and bus timetables from Pyskowice to Eindhoven • 3 bus companies
Pyskowice to Eindhoven timetables
Find more bus services from Pyskowice to Netherlands at Pyskowice to Netherlands tickets. To buy your return ticket, please visit Eindhoven to Pyskowice or Eindhoven to other cities in Poland.
Detailed information on bus travelling can be found at our FAQ.
Verify timetables, compare fares and pick your most convenient journey.
Efect Bus
GTV Bus


text:
Take Back the Tech! is a project that uses ICT (internet communication technology) to prevent violence against women and girls. We're creating a new website to reach more people like you, and we want to know what you think about the current site. Your answers will let us make the best site possible to help you and your friends express yourselves online without fear of violence.
Go to takebackthetech.net to take a look at the site before answering these questions. You'll get the chance to do a little role playing, hunt for information and share your opinions. The survey should take up to 30 minutes depending on how much time you spend on the site. Thanks for your help in making ICT safer!
If you need help for an abusive situation, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and we will connect you to support and resources in your community.


text:
Cult of Hockey
Forbes: Edmonton Oilers had record value and hockey-related revenues in 2011-12Teams has the 5th best fans in entire NHL, Forbes reports With a sold-out building, high ticket prices and a good local TV contract, the Edmonton Oilers had record revenues ...
Local News
Telling Vic Everything (And we do mean everything.)Vic Toews, Stephen Harper's minister of public safety, hasn't been having the best of weeks. He's been pilloried for suggesting that anyone who opposed his sweeping new legislation to monitor ...
Cult of Hockey
Forbes: "Katz has few options"Forbes has released its annual list of NHL franchise valuations, and not only does the team come off rather well, but the publication also gives a vote of confidence in ...


text:
for your every need
Either, you can join a presentation training course with up to six trainees from other organisations. It's probably the quickest and simplest choice.
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The script was a very good idea although I don't think I was as slow as I should be but, I delivered on time!
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There was tons of French and Spanish.
Dublin just suits me.
Ireland, probably Dublin
This is a room for the discussion of travel plans or experiences and the culture of places you have visited or plan to visit.
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Developers for Developers (Devs4Devs) Series - "SharePoint Development -Making Sense of it All&
Download this episode
This is Part 2 of 2.
Developers for Developers is a group on Facebook filled with tips, tricks, and stories of battle from your fellow coders. Some of the best stuff you can pick up in your career doesn't come from a book or a presentation. It
comes from your fellow developer and his experiences. A quick hallway conversation, 15 minutes at someone's desk after a "Hey come check this out!".. these are the things that can make a difference!
SharePoint Development - Making Sense of it All is the first in a series of Devs4Devs videos.
Topics covered:
- SharePoint Overview
- The different types of SharePoint Development
- Changing SharePoint with SharePoint itself
- SharePoint Designer
- How to setup a SharePoint Dev Environment
- Coding in the VPC
- Webpart creation and deployment
- Adding NextWeb content to Webparts - a working Silverlight Webpart.
- Some Blend coding and debugging.
Come join your peers and check us out on Facebook today!
Dave "DaveDev" Isbitski
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Developers for Developers (Devs4Devs) Series - "Silverlight - What, Where and…
The Discussion
Forget the VPC, run WSS on Vista
LOL - that is awesome Wesmac! Thanks for posting the link. Another benefit of having the same IIS7 codebase from Windows Server 2008 on Vista. Not officially supported but worth playing around with on your dev box. =)
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text:
Today I Saw An Angel
I think I saw an angel today,
It was a lot sooner than some day--
I thought that it would fly away,
But instead on the clouds, it decided to stay.
The marvels of the white wings,
Were of feathers and things
That made me wish that I could one day be,
Something so pure that it would amaze even me.
I saw the beauty of love in white,
Its heart showed me no spite,
The blue of their eyes shone bright,
And in their sight I saw my light.
The warmth brought me all the joy,
That I had been longing for, so coy--
Like a curious little child,
I always wanted my future to be wild--
Not full of failures, but to succeed,
To always, my passion keep busied.
The Angel caught me by surprise,
Not enough to cause my demise--
But sufficient to bring up my eyes,
Oh what purity awaits for me,
In the the eyes of the angel I see.


text:
Silver Aluminum Trumpet Floral Vase 6-1/8" Wide x 21" Tall
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text: Next Story > CIO Journal. Ascena Retail Hires David Johns as CIO By Clint Boulton Feb 28, 2013 1:35 pm ET Ascena Retail Group Inc. has hired as its new CIO David Johns, who will begin working at the woman's and tween girls apparel outfit March 11 after spending the last 18 years as CIO of Owens Corning. To Read the Full Story, Subscribe or Sign In Previous Read This Before Taking That Chief Digital Officer Job Next Cyber Experts Warn Companies Not to be 'Low-Hanging' Fruit


text:
Event Calendar
September 06, 2014
Free Joint Pain ScreeningsOrthopedics
September 25, 2014
We built Baptist Health Floyd using the latest technology. This makes Baptist Health Floyd faster and easier to use. Unfortunately, your browser doesn't support those technologies.
Download one of these great browsers and you'll be on your way:


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Mobile App
Benson College of Hotel Management & Culinary Arts
Tamil Nadu
Total Students
Fees Range
How to reach
Benson College of Hotel Management & Culinary Arts is situated at #9,Mounaswamy Madam Cross Street, Venkatapuram,Ambattur, Chennai-53. TamilNadu,India. in Chennai.
Courses Offered
- 3 Years
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Benson College of Hotel Management & Culinary Arts - BCHMCA
BENSON COLLEGE OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND CULINARY ARTS is a unit of Benson & Benson Hospitality Services. We provides an unique learning environment for both students and professionals who wish to learn and upgrade their skills and qualifications. We aims to train students in their profession and also to develop their personalities to their extreme potential. Hospitality Business for about three decades and successfully managing various Hospitality and other allied activities. He had Established The Benson College of Hotel Management and Culinary Arts in a professional manner (as per global standards and in line with Industry requirement). In this human world education is the apprenticeship of life so we determine our self to prepare young apprentices in a more professional environment, so that potential students are able to shine in hospitality world by their skillset and disciplined atitude to meet the upcoming competetive world. Benson College, the premier hospitality & Culinary Arts Institution in Chennai. Hospitality is a much sought after field and to choose a career in this trade is to take a step in the right direction. There are few things that I would like to point out about Hospitality & Culinary Arts in general and about Benson College in particular. The Hospitality trade has grown beyond recognition and its now one of the most profitable areas of work in the world. The art of food production is getting popular day by day with chefs being in great demand worldwide. At Benson we constantly strive to excel.
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text:
The Mighty Green
Plants have dictated the course of history. Toby and Will Musgrave discuss how trade led by the Western world became the catalyst for addiction, slavery and industrialization in their book An Empire of Plant: People and Plants That Changed the World. Celebrating the power and beauty of the garden, the Smithsonian traveling exhibition presents Feast Your Eyes: The Unexpected Beauty of Vegetable Gardens. From the Aztecs to World War II victory gardens, the Smithsonian brings together images and documents of the visual appeal of vegetable gardens spanning centuries and cultures. The exhibit runs Saturday through February 4 at the Mesquite Arts Center located at 1527 N. Galloway Ave. Call 972-216-8122 or visit mesquiteartscenter.org.
Mondays-Saturdays. Starts: Dec. 9. Continues through Feb. 4
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text:
VideoHive Top 10 Placeholders 3234317
After Effects Project \ Openers
After Effects Project - Top 10 Placeholders 3234317 by GRIFFATOR @ VideoHive
After Effects Project \ Openers
After Effects Version: CS6; File Size: 11.0mb; Requires Plugins: No; Resolution: Resizable.
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After Effects CS6
1920×1080 Full HD
No plugins needed
Duration 25 sec
1 Intro Logo
2 Lower Third
3 Ad Show
You can get the music http://audiojungle.net/item/one-fine-day/109769
Video Tutorial is included
Keywords: commercial, id, placeholders, presentation, show, top 10, transition.


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I work at a library in southern maryland. For about 4 months we've been running spiceworks of an old p3 computer in our backroom. We want to move it over to our server which is much faster and directly hooked into our fiber line to the other library branches. I have no idea where to start in terms of moving reports, tickets, and settings over to a new install
2 Replies
· · ·
Jun 18, 2008 at 5:38 UTC
Hey Richard
The following article will give you all the steps for moving Spiceworks
· · ·
Jun 19, 2008 at 7:59 UTC
Thanks a lot


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Banco Santander has also dropped out of the R3 CEV Blockchain Group. This news follows yesterday's news that Goldman Sachs, one of the group's original founders, chose not to renew its membership or invest further in the consortium.
Goldman's move was potentially motivated by a conflict regarding fundraising terms, according to sources familiar with the matter.
A spokesperson for Santander confirmed that the bank was leaving the consortium; Santander's move also follows the news that R3 has changed its goal for its latest round of equity funding through its bank members from $200 million to $150 million.
Santander was one of the original banks to join the consortium, which, at the moment anyway, includes more than 70 financial institutions across the globe.
Morgan Stanley and National Australia Bank have also chosen not to invest in the fundraising deal proposed by R3, as reported by Reuters.
R3's funding round will continue to be raised in phases over the course of the next twelve month at the maximum, perhaps an odd choice considering that investment by individuals and banks in blockchain technologies appears to be waning.
While venture capital interest has been declining for cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin for a while now, despite the fact that these currencies were the first to utilize distributed ledger technology, interest in blockchain remains high but seems to be moving from the investment phase into a more developmental stage.
Like Goldman Sachs, Santander's drop from the consortium does not speak to a lack of interest in blockchain itself, as the bank is also invested in other blockchain startups such as Digital Asset Holdings, which is run by Blythe Masters, a former JP Morgan executive.
More banks are continuing to explore the potential uses of blockchain independently—including Santander, which just this year launched the first blockchain for international money transfers in the U.K.
Update: Morgan Stanley will also be leaving the consortium, as reported by the Wall Street Journal. As noted here, the bank had already declined to participate in R3's fundraising round, and will not be renewing its membership. This latest of banks to drop from R3 may say something about bank culture, according to some on Twitter.Like This Post


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Rolling the Dice
July 17th 1998
Primary school finished. What a load of rubbish! Very little has happened in my life up till now. Still hasn't, to be honest. I mean, I'm a bad man, I do what I want, when I want. I hate my Dad for what he did and I hate my Mum because, well, everything. She wants me to do well at school, but she doesn't know what's best for me. I play by my own rules, don't need no help. To me, popularity is more useful than anything, and that's what I am. Popular. There is no place I'd rather be right now!


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6th Circuit
Circuit Governor
John Weber
Louisville, University of – Brandeis School of Law
- 6th Circuit Facebook Page
- Circuit List Serve (electronic discussion group) (unsubscribe)
Governor's Welcome
Welcome to the 6th Circuit webpage. On behalf of the ABA Law Student Division and the 6th Circuit, I thank you for being a part of the American Bar Association to experience the benefits of Law Student Division membership. Division membership provides a unique opportunity to refine the tools you need to succeed in your career and has job listings, clerkships, internships, and resources tailored to students' needs.
If you are new to the ABA or interested in joining, now is the time to be a part of the premier organization for law students! Whether you are in your first, second, or third year of law school, the Law Student Division and the 6th Circuit have something to offer you.
2016-2017 Circuit Leadership
Executive Lt. Gov. – Adam Wetherington, University of Louisville
Lt. Gov. of Communications – Bill Gutermuth, Cleveland State University
Lt. Gov. of Membership – Nicholas Kitko, University of Cincinnati
Lt. Gov. of Professional Development – Brian Bardwell, Case Western Reserve University
Lt. Gov. and Ambassador to Non-Traditional Students – Georgia Elder, University of Louisville
Lt. Gov. and Ambassador to SBA Presidents and ABA Representatives – Jordan Dye, University of Kentucky
Lt. Gov. of Diversity – Angela White, Michigan State University
Lt. Gov. of Mental Health – Kim Canals, Western Michigan University
Lt. Gov. of Public Interest – Matt Whitley, University of Kentucky
Lt. Gov. of VITA – Lucas Opperman, Ohio State University
Circuit Law Schools
- Louis D. Brandeis School of Law at the University of Louisville
- Capital University Law School
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law
- Cleveland State University – Cleveland-Marshall College of Law
- Michigan State University College of Law
- Northern Kentucky University – Salmon P. Chase College of Law
- Ohio Northern University – Claude W. Pettit College of Law
- The Ohio State University – Moritz College of Law
- The University of Toledo College of Law
- Thomas M. Cooley Law School
- University of Akron School of Law
- University of Cincinnati College of Law
- University of Dayton School of Law
- University of Detroit – Mercy School of Law
- University of Kentucky College of Law
- University of Michigan Law School
- Wayne State University Law School
Taking the Bar Exam
Are you graduating this year? Make sure to renew your membership before you graduate! This may be the last chance to be a part of one of the largest professional organizations at a fraction of the cost!
Links to Bar Exam Information and review courses:


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Central European factories remain on an uncertain footing, purchasing manager indices released on December 1 suggest, despite further signs of recovery in the Eurozone, the source of an overwhelming chunk of export demand for the region's factories.
The Eurozone's composite PMI (which also includes services) rose to 54.1, its highest level recorded so far this year, according to a preliminary report released on November 23. That signalled the strongest monthly increase in output in the single-currency region since December 2015. Germany, the most important export market for Central Europe's small, open economies, led the growth.
The Visegrad states responded more enthusiastically to that trend in November than they had in October, but the readings illustrate uncertainty remains in the driving seat. At the same time, the PMI's of the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary all now sit comfortably above the threshold of 50 points separating expansion from contraction for the first month since the first half of the year.
Business conditions in the Czech manufacturing sector continued to improve in November, however hopes for a strong end to the year were dented somewhat as the PMI reading dropped to 52.2 from the previous month's 53.3.
The moderation from October's impressive rebound from multi-year lows in the summer reflects slower growth of both output and new orders. The reading is below the long-run trend level of 52.9, suggesting the vital export-driven manufacturing sector may struggle to offer much momentum to GDP growth in the fourth quarter.
"Czech manufacturing moved down a gear in November, following a strong start to the fourth quarter," notes Trevor Balchin at IHS Markit. "This contrasted with a further acceleration in the Eurozone goods-producing economy."
Manufacturers reported a third successive monthly rise in new orders in November, but the rate of growth was the slowest of the run. New export business rose for the second month running, but at only a marginal pace.
More positively, employment rose at a faster pace and inflation of input prices eased, notes Markit. Overall, the compiler expects Czech industrial production growth to strengthen to 5.1% in October before easing in November and December. Growth over 2016 as a whole is currently predicted at 3.3%, but likely to accelerate to 4.1% in 2017.
The Polish manufacturing sector showed stronger signs of revival in November, albeit from a lower base. The country's PMI reading gained 1.7 points to 51.9.
That moves the index from its lowest point in two years after a fall of full 2 points in October, although unlike its Czech peer, Poland just managed to avoid dropping into contraction through the summer. November was the twenty-sixth successive month in which the PMI reading has stood above 50, with the result above the long-run survey average of 50.4.
"[The growth marks] a renewed increase in the volume of incoming new orders, which led to faster growth of both output and employment," the compiler writes. On the negative side, however, Markit notes a further decline in new export orders, while average input prices rose at the fastest rate in four-and-a-half years.
The gain in the headline will offer some hope that industrial output can shake off its stupor in the final two months of the year. Output fell 1.3% on the year in October, reversing from an already feeble 3% the previous month.
Hungary's PMI recorded a value of 56.6 points in November, slightly below the 57 points in the previous month. However, the result is still the highest reading seen in November since 1995.
At the same time, the erratic nature of the Hungarian PMI survey, which is compiled locally, makes it an unreliable guide to eventual manufacturing output.
The ongoing struggle of the vital carmaking sector to stabilize, together with a decline in other important subsections, dragged on Hungarian industry in September as output slumped back into decline. Encouraging PMI readings, together with an improvement in economic sentiment in November, may offer hope for some pick up in the final quarter of the year.
The Hungarian Association of Logistics, Purchasing and Inventory Management (HALPIM) - which conducts the Hungarian survey on a slightly different basis than in the rest of Europe – emphasized in a statement that the country's PMI has stayed above the 50-mark since the start of the year.
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Gathered from Twitter, Facebook, and my own dedicated research (the things I do for this blog), these are the top ten sandwiches in Columbia, Missouri. Don't agree? Leave your top choices in the comment and I will check them out. Next week we will be posting the top ten burgers in Columbia so leave us a comment letting us know what your favorites are.
1. The Veggie Sub at Sub Shop: This sandwich is the favorite of vegetarians and non-vegetarians alike. And with good reason, what's not to like about melting cheese and mushrooms. Plus you feel virtous for eating your veggies. Until you add bacon which is the preferred addition of many of the sandwich's fans.
2. The Bahn Mi at Uprise: Yep, there are more authentic Bahn Mis out there (even a couple in town) but this sandwich is the preferred lunch time staple for hungry college students and us regular Comoians alike. The freah made bread pushes it over the edge.
3. The Super Happy Fun Time Burger at Addison's: More than a sandwich, it's an experience. Just don't expect to be able to pick this cheese, cucumber, and bacon laden burger up. You hear right, cucumbers. It shouldn't work but it does. And it puts a smile on your face. And a frown on your cardiologist's.
4. Paradise Club at Honeybaked Ham: Feverish praise from an addict convinced me to put this non-local sandwich on the list. Sometimes you just need a classic and Honeybaked Ham delivers.
5. Chorizo Torta from El Rancho: El Rancho catches a lot of flack for not being authentic. But who cares about authenticity when chorizo tastes this good? It's a guaranteed hangover curer.
6. Steak Sandwich at Murry's: Calling this a sandwich is the best kind of misrepresentation. Toss that bread aside and you've got the cheapest good steak in town. Plus when your better half asks what you ate while you were out you can honestly say "just a sandwich."
7. Grilled Cheese at The Bread Basket: The Bread Basket is renown for their cookies which come free with their lunch deal. So order yourself a grilled cheese and pretend you are a kid again.
8. Anything sandwich Sycamore: Dinner at Sycamore will set you back a pretty penny. It will be money well spent but if you are running low on the funds this month, head there for lunch. You will feel almost guilty when you get their special, half sandwich and soup for right around ten dollars. The same fine food in sandwich form? Sign me up.
9. Pork and Apples sandwich at Coley's: This bistro continues to be an underrated CoMo gem. They specialize in simple, well done American food and their pork tips and sauteed apple sandwich is the perfect example.
10. Chicken Philly at Flat Branch: What? You got a table at Flat Branch. Count your lucky stars and order this sandwich. This perfectly executed philly will make you forget the glares of death from the waiting crowd.
Note: I regret not adding the Ahi Tuna from Addison's. That should have taken the place of the Super Happy Fun Time burger. Also, the sandwich pictured is not from a CoMo restaurant but considering the reaction, some place should start making one stat.


text: Divxturka.net is using Extabit! Because Extabit is better than Hotfile, Netload and Rapidshare ! Click here and buy Extabit premium account! Plot: Inspired by a true story. Jun Shik works for Tatsuo's grandfather's farm while Korea is colonized by Japan, but he has a dream to participate in Tokyo Olympics as a marathon runner. Tatsuo also aims to become a marathon runner, so the two are in rivalry. But war breaks out and they both are forced to enlist in the army. Tatsuo becomes the head of defense in Jun Shik's unit and he devises a scheme but fails. Jun Shik and Tatsuo are captured by the Soviets. They run away but soon are captured by Germans and forced to separate. In 1944, they meet again at the shores of Normandy. Genre: Action | Drama | History | War IMDB rating: 7.4/10 from 1,331 users Directed by: Je-kyu Kang Starring: Dong-gun Jang, Jô Odagiri and Bingbing Fan Release Name: My.Way.2011.DVDRip.XviD-EXViD Size: 700 MiB x 2 CD Video: XviD | 640×272 | 1287 Kbps Audio: KOR + JPN | MP3 | 128 Kbps Runtime: 2h 17mn Information: Code: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1606384/ Download: Code: Extabit 1 Link: http://extabit.com/file/28cmgdqidqhzd/exvid-myway-cd1.avi http://extabit.com/file/28cmgdqidqi0p/exvid-myway-cd2.avi Enjoy!


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Journey to Tor Sarunara
This tale was written originally to describe a journey to my tower on Fexil Plateau, on the world of Haklair. It is from the point of view of a new apprentice travelling via Chemmer's Ascent, the magical water-lift, then south through the forests that cover the northern half of the plateau. It includes a synopsis of other adventures I have been involved in as told by a hakala to the apprentice travelling.
It was dawn when my caravan reached the top of the great water-stair that is Chemmer's Ascent. We had been lucky enough to only need wait a week before the queue for the circular lift-platform in the centre was cleared. It was wet, of course, but the ancient charms Chemmer worked into the natural waterfall held strong, and nobody slipped. The oxen harnessed to the wagons containing my merchant companions' wares shied a couple of times, but most of the people here have ridden the water-lift before, and know it will not hurt them.
The disc of liquid beneath our feet was surprisingly fast. The size of the mountain (immense) meant it did take rather a while, but considering we set of at dinnertime the night before, dawn was a remarkable time to arrive. We didn't even get soaked when we lay down on the kindly provided pallets to sleep. Even I must admire the skill of the goddess's first apprentice and disciple.
By noon we had reached the northern centre of trade on the peak, Clifftop Village, although it is now a rather large city, in fact. There, several of the merchants travelling alongside me bought luck-charms. The bestsellers at the moment are tiny scraps of carved wood and wisps of bone enchanted with powerful spells and named 'Fortune's Favours'. According to my companions, they provide luck in sales.
That night we slept in a middling inn near the small western square. It was noisy and smelled faintly of cheese, but a decent bed with no biting insects, in a private room. The next morning we broke our fast early, perhaps seven in the morning, before gathering our belongings and setting off. I had spent the previous evening exploring the delights of the city with the travel-money I had been given by my new mistress, before a long and deeply luxurious bath in the white-tiled bathhouse. After the hard journey through the harshness of the wilds, it was much welcome!
We travelled much faster now, over smooth paved roads, and spent several days under the dark and cold of the forbidding firs that made up Mistdaemon Forest. Late on the second day we passed the landing stage on the small lake. From there, I'm told; you can follow the river northeast to the snows around Northspring, and view the fabled form and diamond vines of the Crystal of the Snow Queen.
We never entered the fog-filled hollows beneath the trees, but for two days, dawn to dusk, we heard what can only be described as an agonised screaming. The leader of our caravan, an elderly hakala by the name of Ethor, told me the tale at dinner on the first day of this.
'Once,' he said, 'our own esteemed goddess travelled many worlds and gave freely aid to those who most required it in her quest to bring balance to the multiverse. On one of these planets, a magical place called Aia; she spent many years in service to the local goddess, with her permission of course, helping various people against dangers of the worst kinds. She still returns, from what I hear.
'Anyway, Sarunara first worked with a young girl from a village on what was then their western isle – she was named Rhen. While working from Rhen, she encountered many allies of many types. Among these were two who would be of importance again. They were a vampress adventurer called Te'ijal and a paladin named Galahad, who spent the time in banter, despising each other on principle. Eventually, Rhen, now knowing her identity as Rhen Pendragon, heir to the throne of Thais, completed the task set for her.
'She also met her father Devin, who had earlier defeated the same demon she trapped in the Sword of Shadows, and Talia Maurva, then the Dreamer. Most importantly, she met Talia's son – Dameon Maurva. At first, although she did not know it, he was a traitor in league with the daeva Ahriman, but later the two came to love each other, and when Rhen claimed her birthright, they were married. He gave up his immortality and position as Sun Priest for his love.
'Next, a few hundred years later, the Silver Hakala once more took up the fate of Aia. She guided Ean and Iya, two elves from Elfwood on the floating continent, retrieving Iya's soul which had been stolen by the possessed nymph of compassion, in the guise of the Snow Queen. If you hadn't guessed, the crystal contains the entity that possessed her. In the Underworld, at a town called Casket Hill containing the palace of the Lord of Souls, or Timothy, she saw with Ean's eyes her two friends from that previous adventure, Te'ijal and Galahad.
'Galahad related in brief to Ean what had happened. Unknowingly, over the course of their quest together, despite overwhelming differences, Te'ijal, the vampress, had fallen in love with him. After the quest had been completed and Sarunara departed, she had tricked him into accepting a blooding, and then, to top it all, married him. It put a holy knight in a right situation, turned and married to a vampire!
'That was not the last she saw of them either. We're coming to the important bit here. Her latest quest, we've been told, is rather longer than those undertaken previously. The Silver Hakala resides in the mind of a street thief turned spy, by the name of Mel. Mel is of the family of a sorcerer, an evil man known as Mordred Darkthrop. He created four Orbs, opposing, of Light, Darkness, Life and Death.
'Now, this bit is over, they've already done the legwork, but a vampire called Gyendal, who happens to be the brother of her friend of three centuries, Te'ijal, planned to steal the Orb of Darkness from the old Darkthrop Keep, and tricked Mel into doing it. Sarunara was outraged, and to cut a very long story short, found, with help, a way to Naylith and the Orb of Light, to combat him. Unfortunately, one of her party, the Naylithian guardian of that Orb, Stella, whose wings (they have butterfly ones) had been ripped off by Gyendal, had been enchanted to break the priceless relic. So they went to the Oracle at the holy isle of Aveyond, and she told them about the other set, Life and Death, and that Life was hidden in, of all places, the Underworld.
'Mel was kidnapped, and the company rushed down, using the carelessly dropped death certificate belonging to Gyendal, to save her and find the Orb. They came across it past the vampire city of Ghed'ahre, moved there after the destruction of the Halloween Hills, in a cavern in the Cliffs of Remembrance, where Sarunara had gone with Ean and Iya before to retrieve Timothy's memory of his mother.
'Overpowering two vampiric thugs guarding Mel, they rescued her and practically flew back to the cave, ready to activate the Orb. When they got there, Lydia, a destructive noble mage, tried, but her magic was not of the healing sort, and so failed. By then it was too late to try again. Gyendal had been spying through Stella, and followed them in. He activated the spells that wove Stella's free will to his, and a battle ensued, in which Gyendal was defeated, but revived by his unwilling slave. Then, a new strategy was tried.
'Stella winked at Mel, with difficulty. Her healing magic was added to Mel's touch on the Orb of Life, and a great flash heralded victory. When the blindness wore off, the group saw Stella, lying dead on the floor, her life force given away. Nearby, Gyendal was sprawled, unconscious, and very much alive, truly. On the other side of the chamber, two more undead were restored to life. Galahad was delighted, but quickly turned to his wife as she lay, terrified, next to him. She babbled about being blind, her vampire senses dulled in her newfound humanity.
'Back in Thais, the next day. Gyendal woke before the twin thrones of the Pendragons, a tradition begun by Rhen many years before. Within minutes, without his vampire strength, a silver bracelet, (in truth enchanted by our own Silver Hakala) was placed upon him to prevent the working of sorcery. With that, the foe who had sought to plunge the world into darkness was defeated and imprisoned.
'That was what they knew. Before that moment, just as the guards led him away, Sarunara froze time, and strode in full aspect into the hall, weaving a complex spell of separation. Smoothly, Gyendal's mind detached from his body. It was still that of a vampire, so in revenge, and for his crimes, she installed him in a form of her making, inside the top of a high tower, in the depths of Mistdaemon Forest. That is who screams in the tower, as the sunlight hits his enchanted skin.
'And he will, until the sister he attempted to murder by the same method considers he has been punished enough. By that particular action, all he truly achieved was to bring her and her husband closer together, as Galahad realized her vampirism was not important to their love. Until she says the words, he will suffer every day, and time there will stand still. Somehow, I think he's in for a bad time.'
He chuckled then. I was repulsed. I understood it; truly I did, but why? The next morning I tried blocking my ears, but the screams and sobs echoed down from the heights and through the cork I used, and in my empathy I shared in the sufferings of the sun-struck Gyendal.
We travelled on, however, and presently the screams no longer pierced my eardrums from sunrise to sunset. Soon after, we left the fog-carpeted ground of Mistdaemon Forest, and entered the fertile farmlands that made up the southern half of Fexil Plateau. I glimpsed, and then saw, my destination, soaring to the heavens, Tor Sarunara.
We passed isolated farmsteads and road-inns, turning onto the road that ran beside the Mei River from Lake Kea. I asked about the much smaller stand of conifers, Aran Wood, and the rumoured place within, Meidun Cavern, but got no coherent reply. The subject appeared to be taboo, with the cave being restricted to only those servants of the goddess deemed trustworthy enough of entry. Just south of there was Pallias Hill, with the old ruins of Erin Tor. Ethor told me the story of Pallias and Merric, how they warred to build a hill worthy of their beloved Erin's tower. Pallias won because he realized the location she desired – watching over Aran Wood (and Meidun Cavern). Maybe one day I'll walk among those tumbled stones, and follow the river into Meidun Cavern on my mistress's errands.
After three days' travel along the Mei River, we reached the north bank of Lake Kea, and I saw out on the waters the fishing sloops that harvested rich catches from the depths of the lake – rare and delicious fish and freshwater mussels, found only on this high plateau. We were very close to the town of Seven-Step Cross now, but the road continued in its long loop southwards, around the swaying fields of golden wheat and green vegetables, practically glowing with health. Disease never touched here, and come to think of it, neither did storms. We'd only had a few drizzly, wet days since I'd arrived. We had passed the turn-off to Dundill Village, the old mining town, and then the more defined track past the Kea Quays and on up the cliffs and Seri Falls, eventually coming to the Southspring, famed for its gorgeous view and soothing hot springs, more a tourists' spa town now than a Fexil Plateau village.
Now we circled west, glimpsing in the distance the wild pigs of Bor Heights, and heading towards the dairy and wool farms further north again. Meat wasn't much in demand here, but I suppose some was produced too, especially on Bor Heights. My sense of anticipation was half-killing me, approaching the tower of one of the three gods of Haklair, invited, no less!
The town was so noisy, after the quiet of the countryside. My merchant companions had seemed loud, but here was so alive. As they headed off to the central market square, past the charm-producers' district, I bade Ethor farewell, and went north, hugging the edge of the town, moving from the main settlement with its soft sandstone buildings into the noble area around the tower itself, the softness giving way to expensively transported marble, mainly carved into wizardly shapes and symbols or erected as towers, a few of which were original disciple towers. At last I stood in the courtyard of Tor Sarunara, smelling the Hounds' barrack-kennels and seeing the moving Shadowguards. I gripped my pass-amulet in fear of their reputation, before turning my attention back to the Tor itself. It was sure as anything imposing enough to belong to a goddess.
I knocked on the huge, ancient oak doors, and they opened. With that, my journey was complete. All the work I had put into passing the magician's exam, into being noticed by the Silver Hakala herself, had paid off. I was skilled and intelligent enough to enter the ultimate sorcerous service, in becoming an apprentice and disciple of Sarunara. I would quite literally live forever, among legendary names such as Chemmer, Erin, Firveer and Sicne. I knew I could do it. And I would.


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There's a pub in Petersham, a suburb in Sydney's inner west, called the Oxford Tavern. It was once an iconic strip club, but far as I'm aware there hasn't been a pair of bare breasts in there for a while. Last year it was transformed into a strip club themed yuppie gastropub, with craft beers on tap and tasting plates on offer.
"Because it was such an icon of Sydney, we tried to pay a bit of a homage to the place, so we've tried to recycle as much as we could from the old venue," licensee Steve Forbes said of the new fit-out. "So the original stripper poles are still in the front bar ... and the neon lights out the front have changed from 'Live Hot Girls' to 'Live Hot Barbecue'."
The Sunday Assembly, an atheist church founded in London last year, has set up shop a few stops up the train line from the Oxford Tavern, in Redfern. They swap out hymns for pop songs, motivational speeches for readings, and celebrate "the one life we know we have". I attended their last service, and found myself disagreeing violently with co-founder Sanderson Jones' characterisation of the gathering as "all the best bits of church, but with no religion." That's like saying the best part of the old Oxford Tavern was the poles.
Enjoyable or not, both the new Tavern and the Sunday Assembly are part of the long, inglorious march of gentrification. The pub's new clientele tries to access some of the old strip club's charm, drinking cocktails like the "swinging tit" and the "banana hammock". In a similar way, the Sunday Assembly attempts to recreate an imagined moment when vibrant church communities were a real thing, but with none of the obligations. In order to operate, both have had to kick out the original tenants, the reason for visiting in the first place: the strippers and, in the case of the Sunday Assembly, God.
Jones and his co-founder Pippa Evans held their first service in a deconsecrated Anglican church in Islington, a London suburb described by the UK Fabian Society as undergoing "super-gentrification" over the last 40 years. As such the Sunday Assembly isn't much deeper than consumption, dressed up as community, for yuppies who want to feel good. That would be fine, if gentrification didn't relentlessly displace communities that don't share the same pleasures of middle class workers. Because of their superior wealth and cultural capital, they can demand that the market provide them with more meaningful lives - and this usually happens in "authentic" inner city spaces, free of suburban drudgery.
Holding the service in a church wouldn't have been seen as a provocation by the founders, but it is. It's a flexing of the muscles to show the young atheists have arrived, disposable income and all. It's not that there's no demand for God in the inner city, but that in an environment that sees the ironic appropriation of religious signs or places as not only acceptable but also fashionable, those who do believe will end up being forced, humiliated, to the periphery.
What religion remains in inner-city areas tends to be docile, and is often relegated to caring for the surplus human waste – the homeless and unemployed – that gentrification produces. I can't see the Sunday Assembly, despite its motto of "livebetter, help often, wonder more", performing even this secondary function of organised religion. This is what struck me about the Sunday Assembly, and why I can't see it as any more than a new trendy outpost: it can't perform any of the functions of religion – including the maintenance of an organic community – but will end up displacing those groups that do.
Punters who attended the Oxford Tavern before it was retrofitted told the Telegraph that the pub had a real "community spirit". Tamara, one of the strippers, said "it's like the loss of my second home". Two demolition workers would come from across Sydney to have lunch there every Thursday. "There goes my social life," a third bloke joked of the takeover. This was in some sense a religious place, and now it's gone, without even having been paid the compliment of a bit of violent iconoclasm. No, the sketchy places, the sacred places, are slowly being ground out of the world by a force that sees them as neither holy nor profane, but as novelties to spice up the next round of drinks or the next sing-along.
"I don't expect much objection from religious communities. They are happy for us to use their church model", Jones told Salon magazine in 2013. Only someone who already feels entitled to the Christian "model", and who doesn't understand why it might be a sacrilege to appropriate those forms and gestures, would assume as much. The churches should think very carefully about how they will relate to the growth of organised atheism. At the very least, they should not collaborate in their own desacralisation.


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MMA Forum - UFC Forums - UFC Results - MMA Videos (http://www.mmaforum.com/forumindex.php)
- Video Games (http://www.mmaforum.com/video-games/)
- - Mandatory Retirement after 35ish fights? (http://www.mmaforum.com/video-games/56704-mandatory-retirement-after-35ish-fights.html)
Mandatory Retirement after 35ish fights?
I have played 3 fighters now in Career mode. My first guy was mediocre and was like 20-13 and was forced to retire. Second guy was 24-8 and was forced to retire. i figure, well my guys just not good enough to keep going. So i try another and He is 30-2(16 time defending LW champion) when asked to make it his last year.
It drives me nuts, Because just when the guys are borderline hitting the 90 rating overall they are forced out?
Am i missing something?
Career mode is for 7 years. It has nothing to do with amount of fights, wins, losses, etc.
There is a lot of realism in this game, but it is still just a video game.
ahhhh makes since, sucks though that fighters like hughes and sherk can tally up to 70 fights by the time 7 years hits.
It's hard for programmers to do open ended things like a potentially unending career.
It would defeat the object really if you could keep going.. Maxed out stats would make you unbeatable..
thats why your fighter should age, seven years from start to finish is not very long. Its one of my few complaints about the game and hopefully something they will address next year.
I don't care for the fact that you are forced to retire. I also don't like the fact that my fighter stayed 19 his whole career. Had I known the age didn't change id of made him older.
Maybe they took out the age factor so that people who quit online can't use the excuse, "if my fighter was in his prime, he would whoop your ass." 0_0
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There are no tickets currently available.
Event Details
A new era in club culture has commenced. With meticulous attention to detail, and an emphasis on the future, we aim to make Beta the best nightclub in North America. Noise : The Beginning of a New Era :: From the producers of Pop-Tronica, Noise ushers into the Denver scene a movement that's been unapologetically taking over the coasts. A fusion of indie, pop, electronica and nu disco, Noise will bring artists by the likes of A-Trak, Cut Copy, Chromeo, The Presets, Crookers and the best local residents. The Beatport Lounge presents BPL Fridays, with various local and national dance music DJs and crews. VIP reservations, please call 303.437.3011 or visit www.betanightclub.com Funktion One Sound State of the art LED installations Full color and green lasers Massive HD quality screen Parking on 19th and Market, 19th and Wazee Valet available nightly TICKETS ARE AVAILABLE AT THE DOOR
Event Location
1909 Blake Street, Denver, CO, 80202
View 1909 Blake Street in a larger map
White Girl Lust / they mash things up but they also tweak / twist / distort and re-edit anything to make it sound amazing all on stage / live! Half of the duo is still here in Denver / the other half in San Fran / so come support the locals by dancing your ass off! With Klaw & Effektor


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A vet is preparing to take part in his first marathon in aid of charity.
Andrew Ward, of St Clair Veterinary Care in Blyth, is heading into the final phase of his training and hopes to raise £621 for Hounds for Heroes – a number that, once he crosses the finishing line, will represent the total miles he has run this year.
Stepping it up
Mr Ward has been running since training for the Great North Run in 2013. He has since completed 17 half marathons, prompting his decision to step up to a full marathon.
The Kielder Marathon takes place on 2 October and follows an almost entirely off-road course around Kielder Water in Northumberland, northern Europe's largest man-made lake.
Mr Ward said: "I chose the Kielder Marathon because of the stunning scenery and the hills, which add to the challenge of a 'normal' marathon"
Training has been going well according to Mr Ward, who said: "I've run a combination of long runs and hills, with shorter races over the summer. My favourite is the Borrowdale Trail Race, which covers 13 miles through the Lake District hills."
"I must admit I'm not looking forward to the final few hills of the marathon, but am looking forward to finishing and having a rest.
"As a vet, I like to raise funds for animal-related charities and Hounds for Heroes provides a fantastic service to the men and women of the armed forces and emergency services, so I hope I can do them proud on the day."
- To support Mr Ward, telephone St Clair Veterinary Care on 01670 457271 or visit his JustGiving page.


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hospital pulido valente, Lisbon, Portugal
PURPOSE:OSA is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension. Few studies have analysed the role of CPAP treatment upon BP control in hypertensive patients (pts); however the results have not been conclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of APAP therapy on ambulatory BP in pts with OSA and hypertension.
METHODS:We conducted a prospective follow-up study (2 months) in 30 pts with OSA and moderate to severe hypertension under antihypertensive treatment. 24h ambulatory BP monitoring was measured at baseline and after APAP.
RESULTS:Patients had a mean age of 51.2±8.1years, a mean body mass index of 34.1±5.2 kg/m2, a mean apnea-hypopnea index of 51.3±28.8/h. Mean 24h systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively) were 133.4+7.4 and 82.0+6.4 mmHg. 15 pts presented a non dipper nocturnal pressure pattern. Mean APAP compliance was 6.6+0.9 h/d. After 2 months of APAP, there was a significant decrease in 24h SBP (-4.0+7.9 mmHg;p=0.009), daytime SBP (-4.3+8.8 mmHg;p=0.01), nightime SBP(-5.1+9.0 mmHg;p=0.005), 24h DBP (-2.7+5.8 mmHg;p=0.016) and daytime DBP(-3.2+6.3 mmHg;p=0.009). There was no significant reduction in nightime DBP (-2.5+7.0 mmHg;NS). The normal circadian dipper pattern was not restored in non dipper pts.
CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate that APAP treatment significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with OSA and moderate to severe hypertension. This blood pressure decrease could be one of the mechanisms associated with a potencial reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in OSA patients treated with CPAP. Funded by: Feder/POCI/FCT/Centro de Estudos de Patologia Respiratória.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:Our results show the BP-lowering effects of APAP therapy for OSA and suggest that potential improvements in BP could be added to the long list of motivating factors for patients to pursue APAP therapy.
DISCLOSURE:Paula Pinto, No Financial Disclosure Information; No Product/Research Disclosure Information
Wednesday, October 29, 2008
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Paper Mario or $20
Posted on Tuesday, April 10 @ 16:28:40 PST by Duke_FerrisAll of you Wii owners might want to head to Circuit City today to pick up Super Paper Mario because if they're out of stock, you get $20.
The sharp-eyed folks over at ars technica noticed the promotion, which is pretty damn cool. If enough folks got organized and go to Circuit City, you could almost guarantee a $20 reward. Or, worst-case-scenario, you end up with a copy of Super Paper Mario, which is still pretty cool (full review coming soon).
Also, I really love this deal because it's basically a direct assault on GameStop's really irritating pre-order policies. GameStop does this for two reasons 1- to minimize inventory and 2- to artificially inflate their used-games business. Unfortunately, that often means a bad experience for the customer.
Of course, Circuit City's way of saving money is to fire employees, but $20 is $20, right? So what are you waiting for?
|More On GameRevolution


text: Motel Los Prados is located 4.3 miles from Plaza Satélite shopping mall and 5 miles from Perinorte shopping mall. It features a beautiful garden with a central fountain and 24-hour front desk. The rooms here will provide you with a flat-screen cable TV, air conditioning and a seating area. Featuring a shower, private bathrooms also come with a hairdryer and free toiletries. Guests can find a variety of restaurants 1.2 miles away. There is a supermarket 2,625 feet from the property. Mexico City International Airport is 13.7 miles away and Mexico City Zocalo Square is 11.8 miles away. Tepotzotlán Magical Village is 20 minutes' drive away.


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Pamela Anderson: Boycott KFC
Pamela Anderson has joined the fight to save the chickens from KFC!
"I'm asking people to boycott KFC until the company demands that its suppliers stop crippling chickens and scalding them alive," Anderson said in a statement. "No animals should have to suffer this way, whether they're cats or dogs or chickens."
Ok, so we pet them and love them and THEN we can chop their heads off and eat them....hmmmm.
Pam, stick with the Tommy er...stick! I'll have you know that I know for a fact that before every chicken is killed they are allowed to pray first. Heck! They don't even let kids do that in school!
Save the Crispy Chicken Tenders!Posted by Jack Moss
Pamela Anderson: Boycott KFC
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