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Patent application title: FAST NEUTRON DETECTOR HAVING AN OPEN-STRUCTURED HYDROGENOUS RADIATOR
Hugh Robert Andrews (Pembroke, CA)
Marius Emanuel Facina (Deep River, CA)
Harry Ing (Deep River, CA)
Vernon Theodore Koslowsky (Deep River, CA)
Vitali Dmitrievitch Kovaltchouk (Chalk River, CA)
Irina Stefanescu (Deep River, CA)
IPC8 Class: AG01T300FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling neutron responsive means with indicating or recording means
Publication date: 2011-02-24
Patent application number: 20110042577
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Patent application title: FAST NEUTRON DETECTOR HAVING AN OPEN-STRUCTURED HYDROGENOUS RADIATOR
Marius Emanuel Facina
Harry Ing
Vernon Theodore Koslowsky
Vitali Dmitrievitch Kovaltchouk
Irina Stefanescu
Origin: CLEVELAND, OH US
IPC8 Class: AG01T300FI
USPC Class:
Publication date: 02/24/2011
Patent application number: 20110042577
A detector for fast neutrons has been developed which includes 1) selected
open structure of solid hydrogen-containing material which converts
impinging neutrons into recoil protons; 2) a surrounding gas which
interacts with the protons to release electrons; 3) an electric field
able to drift the electrons through and away from the open-structure
material; and 4) an electron detector which monitors the drifted
electrons thereby sensing the original impinging neutrons. This type of
detector is advantageous for many applications, including efficient fast
neutron detection; large area imaging of fast neutrons for fast neutron
radiography; or fast neutron beam profiling.
1. A detector for fast neutrons comprising:a hydrogenous material of open
structure able to convert impinging neutrons into recoil protons, the
open structure being selected to allow escape of said protons;a
surrounding gas selected to provide electron release from resulting
proton-gas interaction;an applied electric field able to drift the
released electrons through and away from the hydrogenous material; andan
electron detector selected to receive and monitor the drifted electrons,
and to thereby sense the original impinging neutrons.
2. The detector of claim 1 wherein the hydrogenous material is comprised of multiple layers of selected open porosity and spacing able to promote escape of the recoil protons, and proton-gas interaction.
3. The detector of claim 1 wherein the hydrogenous material is a selected hydrocarbon polymer.
4. The detector of claim 1 wherein the electron detector includes an electron multiplier assembly.
5. The detector of claim 4 wherein the electron multiplier assembly is a gas electron multiplier, a single-wire proportional counter, or a multi-wire proportional counter.
6. The detector of claim 1 wherein the electron detector includes means for position-sensitive read-out.
7. The detector of claim 1 wherein the hydrogenous material includes an imperforated sheet in front of the open structure.
8. The detector of claim 1 wherein the degree of porosity and channeling in the hydrogenous material open structure is selected to give the desired detection efficiency.
[0001]This application claims priority to Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 2,676,311 filed Aug. 21, 2009.
[0002]This invention relates to the detection of high-energy (>0.1 MeV) or "fast" neutrons. In particular, it pertains to a new high-efficiency radiator that serves the function of intercepting incident fast neutrons and converting them to a comparable number of charged particles, particularly protons, which can then be detected by a variety of common radiation detectors that can sense charged particles.
Detection of Fast Neutrons
[0003]The efficient detection of fast neutrons, especially over a large area (e.g. >10 cm×10 cm) is currently technologically limited. The common methods for efficient detection of fast neutrons are via interactions with the hydrogen nucleus (i.e. a proton) in a solid or liquid medium. The hydrogen nucleus is important because it has a high interaction probability (i.e. large neutron cross-section) for fast neutrons. Furthermore, because of its low mass, the interaction of the neutron with the hydrogen nucleus produces a recoiling charged proton with high average energy because of reaction kinematics. Thus, the neutron loses much more of its energy in a collision with the hydrogen nucleus than in a collision with a heavier nucleus; this energy loss is transferred to the proton, making it relatively easy to detect using modern conventional radiation detectors.
[0004]Several solid hydrogenous scintillators are commonly used for efficient fast neutron detection. Examples include ordinary plastic scintillators, stilbene crystals, doped p-terphenol crystals and anthracene crystals. The reason that these are all organic type materials is that all scintillation detectors also respond to ubiquitous gamma rays in our everyday environment. Since gamma rays interact strongly with materials of high atomic number (Z), neutron detectors that are based on organic (low Z) material have the least response to gamma rays, which could otherwise mask the neutron signal. Fortunately, all of the above scintillators, except the plastic scintillator, also have the useful property that neutron and gamma-ray interactions lead to luminescence signals with different decay times. By using fast timing electronics, it is possible to separate the neutron and gamma-ray signals, i.e. discriminate gamma ray signals in favour of neutron signals. However, plastic scintillators do not possess this timing characteristic, making them of limited use for most neutron detection applications.
[0005]The most widely-used fast neutron detector with good detection efficiency is a liquid hydrogenous scintillator, known under the commercial trade-names of NE-213 or BC-501. These are chemical mixtures of xylene, naphthalene and wavelength-shifters. These detectors have good detection efficiency and good timing properties to allow for neutron/gamma discrimination.
[0006]All the above detectors are scintillators, which imply that they need a method to convert the scintillations (short flashes of light) into an electronic signal that can be processed and analyzed. The most common method of achieving this conversion is to use a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The PMT is a sealed tubular glass assembly under high vacuum. On the front end of the assembly is a photocathode--a very thin layer of a compound (often an alkali compound) that has a low work function and high secondary electron emission. Following the photocathode is a structure (dynodes) whose purpose is to amplify the electrons from the photocathode into a large enough electronic pulse for analogue and digital analysis. Thus, neutron interactions in the scintillator produce light, which is directed towards the PMT. This light penetrates the glass layer on the front of the PMT to impinge the photocathode substrate which leads to secondary electron emission. Under an applied high voltage, these secondary electrons are amplified by the dynode structure to produce an electronic signal at the anode, located on the back end of the PMT.
[0007]Aside from the use of scintillators, there is another approach where neutron scattering with hydrogen is used as the basis of a fast neutron detector. This utilizes a thin layer (radiator foil) of hydrogenous material (e.g. polyethylene) directly in front of a charged particle detector (e.g. a silicon diode). When neutrons interact with hydrogen in the radiator foil, many of the protons, scattered in the forward direction, escape from the foil to impinge the charged particle detector and are thus counted. The detection efficiency of this approach is limited by the maximum thickness of foil that permits the scattered protons to escape (for 2.5 MeV neutrons, thickness is <100 μm) and the area of the proton detector. Silicon diode detectors are often the proton detector of choice. These detectors are commonly only 1 to 5 cm2 because larger-area detectors suffer from excessive electronic noise due to the larger capacitance. These constraints limit the achievable radiator detection efficiency to less than ˜1%. The use of proton radiators has mainly been used for small detection systems.
[0008]There are also several fast neutron detectors that are based on various types of gases (e.g. hydrogen-filled counters, 3He counters, BF3 counters, 4He recoil spectrometers, gaseous scintillation detectors, etc.). However, because these detectors are in the gaseous phase, the molecular density of these types of detectors is much lower than solid or liquid phase detectors, resulting in low detection efficiency. This attribute of gaseous counters makes them irrelevant for the current discussion.
[0009]There is another class of neutron detectors that detect lower-energy (i.e. "thermal" neutrons), rather than fast neutrons. While this fact alone may appear to eliminate them from further consideration, there are various designs of fast neutron detectors that actually utilize thermal neutron detectors. This apparent contradiction is clarified by explaining that such designs make use of hydrogenous moderators (e.g. polyethylene) to convert fast neutrons to thermal neutron (via hydrogen scattering) so that the thermal neutron detectors can be used as the sensor. However, the use of a neutron moderator to convert fast neutrons to thermal neutrons is generally an inefficient process. Except for special counting geometries, this approach cannot yield detection efficiencies beyond a few percent. Furthermore, the thermalization process takes up to a millisecond to convert a fast neutron to a thermal neutron; so such detectors cannot be used for reasonably prompt counting of fast neutrons. Also, the thermal neutrons migrate significant distances in the moderator material, making such detectors not appropriate for good imaging applications.
[0010]More complete discussions of neutron detection technologies, photomultipliers and silicon diode detectors are given in standard reference books on radiation detection (e.g. G. F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurements third edition (John Wiley & Sons, United States (2000)).
[0011]Limitations of Existing Fast Neutron Detection Technologies for Large Area Detection and Attempts at Improvements
[0012]There are many applications where it is desirable to have a large-area, efficient fast neutron detector. One main application is in connection with fast neutron radiography, of interest to homeland security or medical physics applications. Fast neutrons are particularly suited for imaging low Z materials, such as explosives, narcotics, or human tissue.
[0013]It is currently possible to meet this requirement by constructing a large matrix array of fast neutron scintillators viewed with individual photomultipliers (PMTs). However, a typical single detector element might measure 5 cm×5 cm×5 cm thick. A modest area of, say, 30 cm×30 cm would then require 36 detectors. A larger area of 1 m×1 m would require 400 detectors. Such an approach can be extremely expensive (each PMT alone costs several hundred dollars) and physically complex. A slightly different configuration could involve a large flat reservoir of liquid scintillator viewed by a matrix of independent PMTs through a glass wall on the backside of the reservoir. However, the cost and complexity of such a system would not be significantly reduced. It would also be possible to use a large slab of plastic scintillator (plastic scintillators are not expensive) viewed with a matrix of photodiodes (photodiodes are much more economical than PMTS). Such an assembly is less costly, but this system would not be able to discriminate against ubiquitous gamma rays by pulse-shape discrimination.
[0014]The present invention provides a new radiator for fast neutron detection. We term this invention the Microstructure Neutron Radiator (MNR).
[0015]The MNR comprises a hydrogenous material surrounded by a gas and subject to an electric field. The hydrogenous material converts impinging neutrons into recoil protons and is finely structured to provide a high surface area to volume ratio, thereby promoting the escape of the recoil protons from the hydrogenous material. The material is immersed in a gas (preferably, but not necessarily, a stable gas or gas mixture with a low electron affinity and the ability to provide electron multiplication, e.g. methane, argon, etc.). As the recoil protons traverse the gas, they produce ionization in the form of electron ion pairs. An electric field is applied to drift the electrons through and away from the hydrogenous material. The electrons can then be detected by any appropriate electron detector (such as a proportional counter or gas electron multiplier), thereby providing a method of indirectly detecting the original impinging fast neutrons.
[0016]The fine structuring of the hydrogenous material can take a number of forms including: 1) an array of fine plastic bristles (as in a brush); 2) a parallel array of fine plastic sheets with normals perpendicular to the incident fast neutrons; 3) a stack of thin plastic plates, each perforated with holes of appropriate diameters and pitch to optimize escape of the recoil protons into the gas-filled voids; 4) layers of plastic mesh with appropriate openings and grid dimensions; and 5) any other geometry of hydrogenous material which promotes the escape of the recoil protons from the material and permits the electrons to drift away from the material and towards an electron detector under an applied electric field. In each case, electrically-conductive surfaces allow the application of appropriate voltages to drift the electrons through the array to the electron detector.
[0017]The MNR is capable of high detection efficiency by optimizing the distance from the interior of a radiating element to the surrounding gas-filled voids in order to maximize the detection of the recoil protons and through the size and/or number of the radiating elements: in cases 1) and 2) by the length of the dimension parallel to the incident neutron directions; in cases 3) and 4) by stacking plastic layers perpendicular to the incident direction. Configuration 3) is particularly suitable for the creation of large, cost-effective detectors due to its ability to be produced by applying common circuit card manufacturing techniques to hydrogenous plates of material.
[0018]The MNR is also capable of providing position-sensitive neutron detection when the electrons exiting the gas-filled voids are detected by an electron detector with position-sensitive read-out.
[0019]FIG. 1 is an exploded view of one type of multi-layer fast neutron detector, according to the invention.
[0020]FIG. 2 shows front and side views of one perforated board of hydrogenous material.
[0021]FIG. 3 is a graph showing detection efficiency for 4 perforation designs.
[0022]FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs showing spectra of proton energies at two types of locations in the hydrogenous material for two neutron energies.
[0023]FIG. 6 shows a simulation of electron transmission through a perforated board of hydrogenous material of a particular perforation design.
[0024]FIG. 7 shows two graphs (and accompanying diagrams) summarizing results of electron transmission in the absence of and through a perforated board of hydrogenous material.
[0025]FIG. 1 shows a conceptual drawing of one embodiment of the MNR. It consists of a stack of microstructured boards (made of a hydrocarbon polymer, CH2, such as high-density polyethylene), either separated by a small gap or on contact with each other, and placed within a gas. A small voltage is applied across each board to collect the electrons produced by the recoil protons which interact with the gas in the holes and the space (if it exists) between the boards. The figure shows a CH2 board in front of the MNR as an added source of recoiling protons to increase neutron detection efficiency. A Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) assembly is shown following the MNR and serves as a method to amplify and detect the electrons. Other means of amplification can be used. The size, thickness and number of microstructure boards can be varied to attain a particular detection performance of the MNR to meet a particular neutron detection requirement.
[0026]To illustrate the properties of the MNR, we selected a MNR having a surface area 30 cm×30 cm and consisting of 35 microstructure circuit boards, each 2 mm thick. The boards were spaced apart with ceramic spacers 2 mm thick, making the MNR 14 cm thick. Simulations of the performance of the MNR immersed in a 1 atmosphere mixture of 10% methane and 90% argon ("P-10") gas were carried out using the well-established MCNPX code and the latest ENDF-B/VII neutron cross-section library. A parallel beam of neutrons (of different energies) impinge the front face of the MNR to interact with the microstructure board. All neutron interactions and recoil protons in the MNR were tracked. Energy depositions in the gas contained in both the holes and the space (2 mm) between the boards were separately determined along with the total counts per unit fluence of incident neutrons. Different hole patterns in the microstructure boards were studied. FIG. 2 (left side) shows one pattern consisting of 0.15 mm diameter holes at 0.250 mm spacing (pitch). The right side shows a side view of a board to give an indication of hole to material ratio.
[0027]The detection efficiency of this particular design of the MNR for various neutron energies is given in FIG. 3 (solid line).
[0028]The detection efficiency is 16% for 14 MeV and drops significantly below about 0.5 MeV. At 14 MeV, 85% of the response is due to protons creating charge in holes and only 15% is due to escaping protons from the front board producing charge between the boards. A similar ratio was obtained for 2.5 MeV neutrons. When the hole pattern was changed to 50 μm holes at 80 μm pitch, the detection efficiency increases to 19% for 14 MeV neutrons and rises significantly to 15% for 2.5 MeV neutrons. The ratio of counts in the holes relative to the space between the boards increases to 95% for both energies. When the hole pattern is changed to 0.3 mm diameter holes at 0.7 mm pitch, the 14-MeV response decreases to 13% while the 2.5 MeV response drops to 2%. The contribution of counts from holes becomes 49% for 14 MeV and 53% for 2.5 MeV neutrons.
[0029]Thus it is clear that the shape of the response function of the MNR can be changed by selecting a particular hole pattern (and board thickness) to get a "tailored" response. Of course, the absolute detection efficiency can be increased or decreased by choosing the number of boards for the MNR and their thicknesses.
[0030]FIG. 4 shows the proton energy spectra for 14-MeV neutrons interacting with an MNR having a hole pattern of 0.3 mm diameter at 0.7 mm pitch.
[0031]The spectrum escaping from the back surface of the board has a broader energy distribution than the protons inside the holes. Both distributions extend to the maximum recoil proton energy of 14 MeV and also to very low energies.
[0032]FIG. 5 shows the corresponding spectra for 2.5 MeV neutrons.
[0033]Broad energy distributions are seen extending from a maximum recoil proton energy of 2.5 MeV with a greater fraction of higher energy protons escaping from the backside of the board.
[0034]Simulations of electron movement through a stack of MNR were done using the SIMION code, commonly used to describe electric fields for electro-optic designs. Here, electrons were assumed to be emitted from a surface in front of the MNR. The electrons were low energy, representative of those created by proton ionization in the P-10 gas and emitted in random directions over 2π steradians. The voltages across the boards and between boards were roughly adjusted to produce field lines that would drift the emitted electrons through the MNR board assembly containing P-10 gas. Although the voltages were not optimized, quite good transmission efficiency was attained. The results gave 52% electron transmission after passing through 20 boards. This transmission efficiency is quite adequate to detect the ionization produced by proton ionization in the MNR. The actual voltage is dependent on the size and pattern of the holes--the smaller the hole, the lower the voltage. By fine tuning of the voltages, higher transmission fractions can be attained. FIG. 6 illustrates the simulated electron trajectories in the vicinity of a MNR hole.
[0035]FIG. 7 describes a measurement to demonstrate efficient electron transmission through a microstructured radiator. The measurement consists of two phases, a reference phase with no MNR board and a phase with a MNR board.
[0036]The top right panel shows, schematically, the measurement (reference) setup without a MNR. An Am-241 alpha source is utilized to create ionization in a 1 atmosphere P-10 gas. Electrons from the ionization are drawn towards the charge collection electrode, pass through the openings in the electrode and eventually reach the GEM detector at the bottom of the enclosure where they are detected and counted. The collimator prevents alpha-particles from striking the detector and creating secondary electrons which would partially mask the desired signal. The measured signal amplitude spectrum is shown in the upper left corner of the figure.
[0037]The figure on the bottom right is identical with the reference setup, described above, with one change; a MNR is placed in the region between the charge collector electrode and the GEM detector and biased appropriately. The bottom left figure shows the signal amplitude spectrum when the electrons are transmitted through a MNR. The net counts from the alpha sources are seen to be essentially identical. This confirms that the microstructure boards can be operated at relatively low voltages to drift electrons and get high electron transmission. The signal spectra are slightly different in shape due to minor differences in the detector gain.
[0038]The above experiments were done using a GEM as the electron amplifier. Of course, this amplification could have been done by merely having an anode wire (as used in many gas proportional counters) at a similar high voltage, if imaging is not necessary for the application. For crude imaging, a matrix of wires could be used, as in a conventional position-sensitive proportional counter, to get the required electron amplification.
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Lotto Soudal: Rafael Valls looks forward to Tour Down Under after a season full of injuries
Last week, seven Lotto Soudal riders travelled to Australia to participate in the Tour Down Under (17 – 22 January) next week. That's the first WorldTour race of the new season. Next Sunday Sander Armée, Lars Bak, Sean De Bie, Thomas De Gendt, Adam Hansen, neo-pro James Shaw and Rafael Valls will ride the People's Choice Classic in Adelaide, the criterium that is traditionally organized two days before the Tour Down Under. Once the Tour Down Under is finished, the team will stay in Australia for one more week. Lotto Soudal will take part in the Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race on Sunday 29 January. That one-day race is part of the WorldTour as of this year.
The Tour Down Under takes place in the south of Australia, in and around Adelaide. This six-day stage race starts next Tuesday with a stage that is likely to end with a sprint. A day later the finale is tougher, with a hill finish. During the third stage the riders stay close to the coastline. On the way to Victor Harbor the wind could cause some spectacle. On the fourth day, the race moves further away from the coast again. The penultimate stage takes the riders up to Willunga Hill. In the last 35 kilometres this hill needs to be climbed twice. The Tour Down Under comes to an end on Sunday with a criterium in Adelaide. The riders need to cover twenty laps of 4.5 kilometres, which means it's going to be a fast race with almost no chance for riders to escape the sprint.
Rafael Valls is the GC rider for Lotto Soudal next week. Last year he finished eighth overall, which was a great start of his first season on the team. Unfortunately, the Spanish rider had a lot of bad luck further down the year. Injuries forced him to put a stop to his season already in summer. After six months without competition, Valls is aiming for another top ten place at Tour Down Under.
Rafael Valls: "I'm looking forward to starting a new season after all the problems I had last year. I got ill in the spring and in the run-up to the National Championships in June I hurt my shoulder. The Tour de Pologne in July was my first race after that injury. I crashed in Pologne and incurred a pelvis injury. One and a half months later I underwent a shoulder operation, so I could prepare for the next season without any problems. It were three painful months, recovering from the pelvic injury and the shoulder surgery. I slowly resumed trainings in the beginning of October starting with fitness, walks in the mountains and riding on the rollers."
"After three months of training I really want to compete again. I feel completely recovered, but I'm curious to see how I will feel in a race. Mentally all is well, that's a fact. During my rehabilitation I was very motivated to train. I want to race again. The Tour Down Under is my first goal of the season. Just like last year, I want to conquer a place on top ten of GC. Simon Gerrans is the big favourite. Richie Porte and Esteban Chaves are only two of my other opponents. The stage to Willunga Hill on Saturday will be the most important one for GC. It's difficult to gain time on other stages. You do need to be attentive on the other days though. There could be echelons on the way to Victor Harbor for example. Anyway, I hope it will be a race without any problems."
There is a time difference of nine and a half hours between Belgium and the Australian region where the Tour Down Under is being held. The finish of the stages is expected between 5:00 and 6:00 am CET each day.
Line-up Lotto Soudal: Sander Armée, Lars Bak, Sean De Bie, Thomas De Gendt, Adam Hansen, James Shaw and Rafael Valls.
Stage 1 Tuesday 17 January: Unley – Lyndoch (145 km)
Stage 2 Wednesday 18 January: Stirling – Paracombe (148.5 km)
Stage 3 Thursday 19 January: Glenelg – Victor Harbor (144 km)
Stage 4 Friday 20 January: Norwood – Campbelltown (149.5 km)
Stage 5 Saturday 21 January: McLaren Vale – Willunga Hill (151.5 km)
Stage 6 Sunday 22 January: Adelaide – Adelaide (90 km)

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text: NEW YORK, Feb. 15, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- China Growth Equity Investment Ltd., a blank check company (the "Company") (Nasdaq: CGEI; CGEIU; CGEIW), today announced that it has postponed its shareholder meeting originally scheduled to take place on February 21, 2013. The shareholder meeting will be postponed until February 25, 2013 at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, at its original location. The record date for the shareholder meeting remains January 28, 2013. Shareholders may tender their shares for redemption until 5:00 p.m. New York City time, February 22, 2013, in accordance with the procedures described in the Company's definitive proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2013. Shareholders who have previously sent in proxy cards or given instructions to brokers do not need to re-cast their votes. About CGEI China Growth Equity Investment Ltd. (Nasdaq: CGEI; CGEIU; CGEIW), or CGEI, is a SPAC, also known as a blank-check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands-exempted company. CGEI intends to use the net proceeds from its initial public offering for the purpose of acquiring one or more operating companies through a merger, share capital exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination. On October 25, 2012 CGEI and China Dredging Group Co., Ltd. ("CDGC") entered into a definitive merger agreement for CGEI to merge with CDGC and that CGEI and Fujian Provincial Pingtan County Ocean Fishing Group Co., Ltd. ("Pingtan Fishing") entered into a definitive agreement for CGEI to acquire Pingtan Fishing. The parties expect the transactions to provide CDGC and Pingtan Fishing with necessary financial resources for the companies' next stage of growth. The combined entity, which will be renamed "Pingtan Marine Enterprise Ltd.," intends to apply to be listed on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "PME". Upon completion of the merger and the acquisition, Mr. Xinrong Zhuo, will be the chairman of the combined company. Disclaimer This communication shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


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text:
I have approximately 124 devices on my network. I have them sorted in inventory by suites, giving each station an owner and location. There are several (about 5) of my machines that keep losing their information and moving back to the workstation folder. This is very frustrating, as it means all notes and history are lost as well.
Is there anthing I can do to prevent this?
1 Reply
Jul 13, 2009 at 11:21 UTC
Hi Bill,
Do these devices have an Scan Errors? Try deleting the devices from the Inventory (allowing them to be picked up during the next network scan).
Scan problems may be preventing the devices from being uniquely identified, causing them to be "wiped" in subsequent scans.
If you continue having problems with these 5 devices please send us your log files, and tell us which devices are problematic. We can review the scan logs for possible causes.


text:
"You are sitting on a gold mine and not doing anything. Then there is no point in blaming us for taking patents for spices."
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"Beauty attracts us men; but if, like an armed magnet it is pointed, beside, with gold and silver, it attracts with tenfold power."
"You are me, and I am You - what is the difference between us? We are like gold and the bracelet, or water and the waves."
"Gold lost some of its impetus with the release of lower than expected US trade figures and this prompted profit taking in gold. Earlier in the day gold's upside had also stalled."
"We're stalled. When you see oil prices back up to their high, you've seen gold hovering around $600 US, people are making some really good money and I think there's a lot of people who are just taking the opportunity to crystallize some gains which is keeping the market at bay a little bit right now."


text:
Melon: Ogen by Thompson and Morgan seeds. The original Israeli strain. The seed coveted and jealously guarded for so long, and no wonder - you will find it an entirely new experience in taste. Ogen Melon has an indescribable warmth, richness and aromatic sweetness of flavour, captivating and 'moreish'. It bears mini-melon-sized fruits ideal for families. Harvest Ogen Melon from midsummer onwards.
Sowing Instructions
Sow from late winter/spring 1cm deep in a good seed compost. Germination usually takes 6-10 days at 24C (75F).
Growing instructions
Transplant when large enough to handle into 7.5cm (3in) pots and then 13cm (5in) pots before planting 1m (3ft) apart in the greenhouse border, frames or cloches, or outdoors when all risk of frost is gone.
Pinch out the growing point after 5 leaves have been formed. Hand pollinate by placing a male flower inside a female bloom. Female flowers have a swollen part at the base of the bloom.
Cropping Time
90 Days
More Info
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text:
Major Recommendations
Mammography is the recommended modality for screening breast cancer in the general population of asymptomatic women (Perry et al., 2008; Mandelblatt et al., 2009).
- The Alberta Breast Cancer Screening Program (Alberta Breast Cancer Screening Program, 2009), recommends:
- Encouraging eligible women age 50 to 69 to have a screening mammogram every two years,
- Advising them of their results, and
- Reminding them if they are overdue for a repeat screening.
- Women aged 40-49 and over 70 may be referred to the Program by a family physician.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used in addition to mammography, at an interval of every 12 months, for screening high-risk category patients; these include women who (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN], "Invasive," 2009; NCCN, "Breast cancer," 2009; National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care, 2006; Morris et al., 2008):
- Have known personal history of deleterious mutation(s) in either BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53 or PTEN
- Have never been tested personally but have a first degree relative with known BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53 or PTEN
- Have a personal lifetime risk of developing breast cancer of 20-25 percent or more according to models that are largely dependent on family history
- Are under 50 years of age and have received radiation treatment to the chest between ages 10 and 30 (e.g., thoracic radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease)
A more detailed guideline, Risk Reduction and Surveillance Strategies for Individuals at High Genetic Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancer, developed by Alberta Health Services in 2007 and revised in 2011, is available at the following website: http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/hp/if-hp-cancer-guide-br011-hereditary-risk-reduction.pdf .
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine use of MRI screening in women who (Myers et al., 2006; Saslow et al., 2007; Morris et al., 2008):
- Have a lifetime risk of breast cancer of 15-20 percent, as defined by models that are largely dependent on family history
- Have only had lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
- Have only had atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
- Have heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts on mammography with no other risk features
- Have personal history of breast cancer, but do not otherwise fit into the high-risk category as noted above
Pre-operative Assessment
Pre-operative MRI may be considered in the following circumstances:
- Biopsy proven axillary nodal adenocarcinoma with no primary identified on mammography, ultrasound, and physical examination.
- Discordant clinical and mammogram/ultrasound findings.
Pre-operative MRI may be used in the following situations where the patient desires breast conserving surgery and (NCCN, "Invasive," 2009; NCCN, "Breast cancer," 2009; Calgary Health Region High Risk Breast Cancer Interest Group, 2008):
- There is high risk for multifocal/multicentric disease.
- The extent of disease is unclear.
MRI may be used for breast cancer evaluation before, during and after neoadjuvant therapy to help evaluate response to systemic treatments (Yuan et al., 2010; Bistritz, 2010).
- MRI may overestimate response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and should not be used to plan post-chemotherapy breast conserving surgery.
- MRI accurately predicts lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and may be used to support a change in therapy.
Problem Solving
MRI may be considered only after high quality mammogram and ultrasound have been carried out and the results are inconclusive or discordant. MRI should not be used in lieu of biopsy if more appropriate or in cases where clinical and radiological suspicion is low.
MRI is not recommended for the routine screening of patients with nipple discharge.
The following recommendation has been adapted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, "Invasive," 2009; NCCN, "Breast cancer," 2009).
There is insufficient evidence to recommend MRI for follow-up screening of the ipsilateral and contralateral breast of women with prior breast cancer unless they are in the high-risk category, as per the recommendations in the section on Screening.
Operational Considerations
The following recommendations have been adapted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, "Invasive," 2009; NCCN, "Breast cancer," 2009).
Breast MRI examinations require a dedicated breast coil and breast imaging radiologists familiar with the optimal timing sequences and other technical details for image interpretation.
Breast MRI examinations should be performed and interpreted by an experienced radiologist with training in breast MRI, working in concert with the multidisciplinary treatment team.
Patients meeting the criteria for MRI should be referred to a centre with an MRI machine that has been configured with a dedicated breast coil.
Clinical Algorithm(s)
None provided
Breast cancer
Guideline Category
Technology Assessment
Clinical Specialty
Family Practice
Internal Medicine
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Intended Users
Advanced Practice Nurses
Allied Health Personnel
Physician Assistants
Guideline Objective(s)
To develop a consensus based guideline, structured on evidence from existing practice guidelines, for using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the context of breast cancer
Target Population
All women eligible for breast cancer screening or who have had breast cancer
Interventions and Practices Considered
- Mammography
- Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Facility/staff requirements for breast MRIs
Major Outcomes Considered
- Sensitivity and specificity of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Cost-effectiveness of MRI
Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Searches of Electronic Databases
Description of Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Research Questions
Specific research questions to be addressed by the guideline document were formulated by the guideline lead(s) and Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist using the PICO question format (patient or population, intervention, comparisons, outcomes).
Guideline Questions
- Should magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) be used for breast cancer screening?
- Should MRI be used for preoperative assessment of breast cancer?
- Should MRI be used for the follow up of patients treated for breast cancer?
- In which patients is the use of MRI appropriate?
- Are there other considerations?
Search Strategy
A systematic search for relevant, existing practice guidelines, systematic reviews, health technology assessments, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials was conducted of: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, CancerLit, the Cochrane Library, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse.
The search terms included "breast neoplasm" and "magnetic resonance imaging." The search covered the period between 1965 and July 2010. A total of 95 articles were returned. The majority were review articles; there were seven clinical trials, nine meta-analyses, 12 comparative studies, and nine guidelines.
Number of Source Documents
Not stated
Methods Used to Assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence
Not stated
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Evidence
Not applicable
Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Systematic Review with Evidence Tables
Description of the Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Evidence was selected and reviewed by a working group comprised of members from the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team and a Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist from the Guideline Utilization Resource Unit (GURU). A detailed description of the methodology followed during the guideline development process can be found in the Guideline Utilization Resource Unit Handbook (see the "Availability of Companion Documents" field).
Evidence Tables
Evidence tables containing the first author, year of publication, patient group/stage of disease, methodology, and main outcomes of interest are assembled using the studies identified in the literature search. Existing guidelines on the topic are assessed by the KM Specialist using portions of the AGREE II instrument (http://www.agreetrust.org ) and those meeting the minimum requirements are included in the evidence document. Due to limited resources, GURU does not regularly employ the use of multiple reviewers to rank the level of evidence; rather, the methodology portion of the evidence table contains the pertinent information required for the reader to judge for himself the quality of the studies.
Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Expert Consensus
Description of Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Formulating Recommendations
The working group members formulated the guideline recommendations based on the evidence synthesized by the Knowledge Management (KM) Specialist during the planning process, blended with expert clinical interpretation of the evidence. As detailed in the Guideline Utilization Resource Unit Handbook (see the "Availability of Companion Documents" field), the working group members may decide to adopt the recommendations of another institution without any revisions, adapt the recommendations of another institution or institutions to better reflect local practices, or develop their own set of recommendations by adapting some, but not all, recommendations from different guidelines.
The degree to which a recommendation is based on expert opinion of the working group and/or the Provincial Tumour Team members is explicitly stated in the guideline recommendations. Similar to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) methodology for formulating guideline recommendations, the Guideline Utilization Resource Unit (GURU) does not use formal rating schemes for describing the strength of the recommendations, but rather describes, in conventional and explicit language, the type and quality of the research and existing guidelines that were taken into consideration when formulating the recommendations.
There was a paucity of data on many of the uses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the context of breast cancer. As such, the guideline developers have chosen to make provincial recommendations for use of MRI, by adapting from existing evidence-informed guidelines elsewhere. A recommendations matrix highlighting key guidance from nine existing guidelines on the use of MRI for breast cancer assessment, staging, and follow-up, is included in the Appendix of the original guideline document.
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Recommendations
Not applicable
Cost Analysis
The large COMICE trial out of the UK showed that in women with biopsy-proven primary breast cancer who had undergone conventional assessment followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5 T or 1.0 T) with a dedicated bilateral breast coil (n=816), the re-excision rates were similar (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI 0.75-1.24, p=0.7691) to those of women who had not undergone MRI (n=807) and there were no significant differences in the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy or additional adjuvant therapies, local recurrence-free interval rates, quality of life measures, or economics. As such, the use of MRI in this setting may be limited in cost-effectiveness. However, preoperative biopsy of MRI-only-detected lesions (i.e., occult breast cancer) could minimize the incidence of inappropriate mastectomy, as MRI has been shown to provide the possibility of breast conserving surgery in as many as a third of patients with occult breast cancer. Furthermore, MRI may be cost-effective in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma, in which a sensitivity of MRI of 93.3% has been demonstrated and resulted in a change in surgical management in 28.3% of cases. More research is needed in order to identify the subtypes of breast cancer patients that may benefit most from MRI assessment, thereby maximizing the cost-effectiveness of this application.
Within Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care, access to MRI machines configured with a dedicated breast coil may be limited to the larger urban centres. As such, patients presenting with indications for breast MRI, as outlined in the recommendations section, may require a referral to a larger centre if an MRI machine capable of imaging the breast is not available locally or if local expertise in breast MRI is limited. The cost of a typical MRI scan in 2004/2005 in Alberta was approximately $500. The number of additional MRI scans, as a result of this guideline, is expected to be minimal. In 2011, there are expected to be 2,090 new diagnoses of breast cancer. Assuming conservatively that up to 15% of new breast cancer cases require MRI for the purposes of problem solving or pre-operative assessment, and that 1% of the population of women in Alberta fall into the high-risk category, an estimated 330 breast MRI scans will be performed annually, as a result of this guideline. This would result in a total cost per year of $165,000. Other possible costs would include staffing and travel expenses for remote patients.
Method of Guideline Validation
Internal Peer Review
Description of Method of Guideline Validation
This guideline was reviewed and endorsed by the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team.
When the draft guideline document is completed, revised, and reviewed by the Knowledge Management Specialist and the working group members, it will be sent to all members of the Provincial Tumour Team for review and comment. The working group members will then make final revisions to the document based on the received feedback, as appropriate. Once the guideline is finalized, it will be officially endorsed by the Provincial Tumour Team Lead and the Director of Provincial Clinical Teams.
Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
References Supporting the Recommendations
|Alberta Breast Cancer Screening Program. Types of mammograms: screening mammograms. [internet]. Edmonton (Alberta): Alberta Health Services; [accessed 2009 Oct 09].
|Bistritz A. Personal communication. 2010 Jul 23.
|Calgary Health Region High Risk Breast Cancer Interest Group. Practice guideline report 1.0. Edmonton (Alberta): Alberta Health Services; 2008 Apr 1.
|Mandelblatt JS, Cronin KA, Bailey S, Berry DA, de Koning HJ, Draisma G, Huang H, Lee SJ, Munsell M, Plevritis SK, Ravdin P, Schechter CB, Sigal B, Stoto MA, Stout NK, van Ravesteyn NT, Venier J, Zelen M, Feuer EJ, Breast Cancer Working Group of the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling. Effects of mammography screening under different screening schedules: model estimates of potential benefits and harms. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Nov 17;151(10):738-47. PubMed
|Morris EA, Bassett LW, Berg WA, Birdwell RL, Brenner RJ, Comstock CE, DeBruhl ND, D'Orsi CJ, Evans WP III, Everson LI, Harvey JA, Herman CR, Jong RA, Kaplan SS, Liberman L, Mahoney MC, Mendelson EB, Parikh JR, Rabinovitch RA, et al. ACR practice guideline for the performance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast. [online publication]. Reston (VA): American College of Radiology (ACR); 2008. 7 p. [44 references]
|Myers R, Minuk T, Johnston M, Diagnostic Imaging Guidelines Panel. Diagnostic imaging in breast cancer: recommendations report. Toronto (ON): Cancer Care Ontario (CCO); 2006 Apr 12. 19 p. [18 references]
|National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Familial breast cancer. The classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care. London (UK): National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 2006 Oct. 50 p. (Clinical guideline; no. 41).
|National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Breast cancer screening and diagnosis: practice guidelines in oncology, v.2.2009. Fort Washington (PA): National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); 2009.
|National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Invasive breast cancer: practice guidelines in oncology, v.1.2009. Fort Washington (PA): National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); 2009.
|Perry N, Broeders M, de Wolf C, Tornberg S, Holland R, von Karsa L. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition--summary document. Ann Oncol. 2008 Apr;19(4):614-22. PubMed
|Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, Harms S, Leach MO, Lehman CD, Morris E, Pisano E, Schnall M, Sener S, Smith RA, Warner E, Yaffe M, Andrews KS, Russell CA, American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Advisory Group. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Mar-Apr;57(2):75-89. [79 references] PubMed
|Yuan Y, Chen XS, Liu SY, Shen KW. Accuracy of MRI in prediction of pathologic complete remission in breast cancer after preoperative therapy: a meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Jul;195(1):260-8. PubMed
Type of Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
The recommendations were adapted from existing evidence-informed guidelines.
Benefits/Harms of Implementing the Guideline Recommendations
Potential Benefits
Appropriate use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast cancer screening, pre-operative assessment, and follow-up
Potential Harms
False positive results from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using gadolinium-based contrast agent, is contraindicated during pregnancy, as there are no adequate and well-controlled studies of its use in pregnant women. However, in rare and extenuating circumstances, whereby the health of the mother and/or fetus would be significantly compromised without a contrast enhanced MRI, and after all other imaging options (i.e., ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], nuclear scintigraphy, fluoroscopy, etc.) have been exhausted, MRI with a gadolinium-based contrast agent could be considered. Patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of the procedure.
Qualifying Statements
Qualifying Statements
The recommendations contained in this guideline are a consensus of the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team and represent a synthesis of currently accepted approaches to management, derived from a review of relevant scientific literature. Clinicians applying these guidelines should, in consultation with the patient, use independent medical judgment in the context of individual clinical circumstances to direct care.
Implementation of the Guideline
Description of Implementation Strategy
- Present the guideline at the local and provincial tumour team meetings and weekly rounds.
- Post the guideline on the Alberta Health Services website.
- Send an electronic notification of the new guideline to all members of Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care.
Institute of Medicine (IOM) National Healthcare Quality Report Categories
IOM Care Need
Getting Better
Living with Illness
Staying Healthy
IOM Domain
Identifying Information and Availability
Bibliographic Source(s)
|Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team. Magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer screening, pre-operative assessment, and follow-up. Edmonton (Alberta): Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care; 2012 Jan. 19 p. (Clinical practice guideline; no. BR-007). [52 references]
The recommendations in this guideline were adapted from the following guidelines:
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Invasive Breast Cancer: Practice Guidelines in Oncology, v.1.2009.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis: Practice Guidelines in Oncology, v.2.2009.
Date Released
2010 Oct (republished 2012 Jan)
Guideline Developer(s)
CancerControl Alberta - State/Local Government Agency [Non-U.S.]
Source(s) of Funding
Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care
Guideline Committee
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Breast Cancer Working Group
Composition of Group That Authored the Guideline
Not stated
Financial Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest
Participation of members of the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team in the development of this guideline has been voluntary and the authors have not been remunerated for their contributions. There was no direct industry involvement in the development or dissemination of this guideline. Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care recognizes that although industry support of research, education and other areas is necessary in order to advance patient care, such support may lead to potential conflicts of interest. Some members of the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumour Team are involved in research funded by industry or have other such potential conflicts of interest. However the developers of this guideline are satisfied it was developed in an unbiased manner.
Guideline Status
This is the current release of the guideline.
This guideline was republished in 2012 following an ad hoc review by members of the Alberta Provincial Breast Tumor Team that resulted in a minor change.
Guideline Availability
Electronic copies: Available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the Alberta Health Services Web site .
Availability of Companion Documents
The following is available:
- Guideline utilization resource unit handbook. Edmonton (Alberta): Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care; 2011 Dec. 5 p. Electronic copies: Available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the Alberta Health Services Web site .
Patient Resources
None available
NGC Status
This NGC summary was completed by ECRI Institute on February 28, 2012. The information was verified by the guideline developer on March 30, 2012.
Copyright Statement
This NGC summary is based on the original guideline, which is subject to the guideline developer's copyright restrictions.
NGC Disclaimer
The National Guideline Clearinghouse™ (NGC) does not develop, produce, approve, or endorse the guidelines represented on this site.
All guidelines summarized by NGC and hosted on our site are produced under the auspices of medical specialty societies, relevant professional associations, public or private organizations, other government agencies, health care organizations or plans, and similar entities.
Guidelines represented on the NGC Web site are submitted by guideline developers, and are screened solely to determine that they meet the NGC Inclusion Criteria.
NGC, AHRQ, and its contractor ECRI Institute make no warranties concerning the content or clinical efficacy or effectiveness of the clinical practice guidelines and related materials represented on this site. Moreover, the views and opinions of developers or authors of guidelines represented on this site do not necessarily state or reflect those of NGC, AHRQ, or its contractor ECRI Institute, and inclusion or hosting of guidelines in NGC may not be used for advertising or commercial endorsement purposes.
Readers with questions regarding guideline content are directed to contact the guideline developer.


text:
How do rural communities meet their health care needs?
A community rural health forum is slated to help answer this question tomorrow from 9:30 a.m.-3 p.m. at La Place Rendez-Vous.
The forum is one in a series of six rural health forums planned across the province to address specific issues related to rural health.


text:
© 2017, SyfyWire. All rights reserved.
Another day, another Star Wars film goes into production.
One of our national screen treasures may be joining his third huge sci-fi franchise in five years.
It's a cartoon. It's a live-action comedy. It's He-Man meets Who Framed Roger Rabbit. It's Son of Zorn.
The Greatest American Hero will be flying -- very poorly -- to our television screens.
Could we be seeing Miles Morales making his movie debut in the LEGO Movie directors' upcoming Spider-Man animated feature film?
We finally know what Lucasfilm will be doing with its other Star Wars anthology film, and they've made one heck of an interesting hire to direct.
We've all been wondering which version of the Fastest Man Alive would be portrayed in Warner Bros.' upcoming The Flash movie. And now we have the answer.
The first season of Fox's Last Man on Earth has officially come to an end, and creators Phil Lord and Christopher Miller have opened up about what makes their apocalypse unique.
Spider-Man will be swinging into action again in 2018 -- this time in an animated feature film.


text:
Richard Branson, Britain's 15th richest man and one of the most prominent businessmen, was voted the country's leading role model among young people. He is full of paradoxes: he is a notorious self-publicist who claims to be fiercely shy, a brilliant motivator of others who wore odd socks on the day of the launch of his airline, and a billionaire who borrows fivers without hesitation from friends and employees. And yet nobody knows what has made Branson so successgul: despite his reputation as a financial wizard, he runs a business more conspicuous for its size than its profits. Millions of pounds have been lost on such projects as "Events" listings magazine, the film "Absolute Beginners" and Virgin ventures into pubs, satellite broadcasting, clothes retailing and recording studios. And, despite the publicity reaped from a run-in with British Airways, Virgin Atlantic produces only a modest rate of return. This is a portrait of Branson which draws together the many contradictions of this upper-middle-class Englishman who singed the Sex Pistols and for whom danger is the one sensation he worships without reservation.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
Within U.S.A.
Book Description HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 1994. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX000224361X
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text:
According to an Indian Express report, out of 500 people, 350 belonged to CPI(M) and others were from Congress and Janathipathya Samrakshan Samithi.
Some of them were accorded with the BJP membership while others will be inducted into local level party events.
However, the CPI(M) district secretary had a different version as he said that his aprty has not lost any cadre to the BJP.
Kerala is the state where the BJP is yet to open its account, So, before the 2016 assembly elections in the state, the party has already started gearing up.
The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), BJP's ideologue is said to have significance presence in Kerala.
BJP president Amit Shah is also expected to visit Kerala on September 1.
Kerala population has reportedly 55% Hindus, 26% Muslims and 18% Christians.
OneIndia News


text:
Wednesday, November 15, 2006
Christmas is coming......
I'm sorry but that song just got stuck in my head. Last night I stayed up and wrapped some of the presents I have bought for the kids for Christmas. My goal is to be completely done by next Friday night. I am going Black Friday shopping with my friend, Ranae. I have already seen the ads, know what I want, have a budget, and it's off we go. I really hope I can get some of those Cabbage Patch Kids Special Edition dolls. "M" is just so into babies. She has one CBK now, she will get one when the baby is born, and I think she'll get one from Santa and one from us. She will have a nice little CBK family! I still played with Cabbage Patch Kids up until I was 12. "K" wants one, too, but I think this might be one of the last years she gets one. She is growing into such a sweet little girl, almost a Young Woman. She is polite, has great manners, and wants to please others. If she ever got her card pulled or a checkmark in school that would be the end of it!
Today is such a yucky day. It rained all night and now is rainy and bitter cold. I kept "K" home from school today because she had a stomach ache in the middle of the night and is still not feeling great. I know exactly how she feels. Yesterday my stomach hurt so bad that I could hardly walk. I was having quite a few contractions and just the pains of pregnancy. I hope today is better because there is so much I need to do.
Tonight is Young Womens and we are having a "Mini Standard's Night" for them. The big Standard's Night will be held by the Stake in January. Ours is going to be low-key and just fun. I am over "Media". I am sooo excited to present my portion. I am going to have a big bowl of vanilla ice cream and talk about how that is after we take the Sacrament each week, repent, etc. Then, I have all these CUTE little presents wrapped up with wrapping paper that I stamped myself, thank you very much! I worked really hard to make sure they were beautiful with ribbon & matching 3x3 cards. Each girl is going to "ooooo and ahhhhh" over them. Then I will let a YW pick one and ask her if she wants to open it. In the card I am going to have a quote from President Hinckley about the fifth of the world or media. Then when the YW opens up the gift she will find either dirt, rocks, bark, twigs, weeks, dead leaves. I will have her come up and add that to my Sundae. My point will be that Satan does his best to wrap up the evil things of the world in beautiful packages and sometimes the tempation is just too much and we want to see what is inside. For example, some of the commercials on TV for the programs or movies really intice us. Once we are watching them it is too late and our Spirit has already recieved some of the fifth.
I hope that all makes sense. I only have 10 minutes so I am going to have to be brief. For the dessert the girls are going to get to eat a real Sundae that we are going to have ready with crushed Oreos (dirt), and gummy worms. Hopefully they will remember this visual aid everytime they are listening to music, watching TV, or playing on the internet.
3 comments:
Robyn I LOVE that lesson idea!!! I wish I was a YW just so I could come tonight for that lesson!ReplyDelete
That sounds like such a great object lesson, Robyn! Good luck tonight and with your goal of getting all of your Christmas shopping done by next week! :)ReplyDelete
I like your ice cream idea. Have you seen the "Mormonad" (do they still call them that?--You know the posters in the New Era...)With the dish of ice cream with a roach coming out of it. I think it says "It was really good, except for that one part..." Your object lesson reminds me of that. I think it's specifically talking about the excuses we make in relation to movies, tv and music, etc. Anyway...I must say that I'm totally jealous that you are almost done with your shopping. I have not even started and have been having nightmares about having nothing to give my children on Christmas morning. Yikes, I guess I'd better get busy with that.ReplyDelete


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JAGUAR are going into overdrive with their biggest new model introduction
The luxury car makers have been in the shadows of partner Land Rover and their
German rivals for years.
As Land Rover rolled out a string of big-selling models from the the Evoque to
the new Range Rover and more than doubled sales, Jaguar have made steady but
unspectacular progress.
The problem has been a simple one — lack of new models.
They have excellent cars like the XF, XJ and XK, just not enough of them.
But now they are set to take centre stage with the arrival of the F-Type
sportscar being hailed as the new E-Type, the XF Sportbrake estate and the
C-X75 supercar.
The F-Type has attracted 67,000 inquiries from potential buyers since it was
unveiled at last month's Paris Motor Show.
And designers and engineers are working flat out developing a new small Jag to
take on the BMW 3 Series, and their first ever crossover SUV.
The XF Sportbrake goes on sale this month and will be followed by the F-Type
roadster early next year, which will in turn be followed by a coupe version
in 2014 and the C-X75 supercar in early 2015.
The new models are creating jobs, with Jaguar's Castle Bromwich factory, near
Birmingham, taking on 1,000 new workers alongside thousands of new engineers
at JLR around the UK.
Jaguar brand director Adrian Hallmark says the new models will liberate Jaguar
to achieve their full potential after years of "wait and see".
He said: "We have gone through a sale and survived an economic crash but we
are now in an unprecedented position to liberate Jaguar to its full
"We have a clear vision and strategy, owners that are enthusiastic investors
in new products, and we have the ability to fund our growth plans."
Hallmark believes that Jaguar have the ability to match and overtake Porsche's
spectacular growth that has seen them pass 100,000 sales a year, after
slumping to just 13,000 sales in 1992.
Last year Jaguar sold 54,000 and are on course to hit 60,000 this year but
Hallmark believes that new models will see a big step up in sales to more
than 70,000 next year and heading towards 100,000 by 2015.
He says the new Sportbrake version will cement the XF as the foundation of
Jaguar — but it will be the F-Type sportscar that will attract new buyers to
the brand.
Hallmark also revealed that the firm were about to start running prototypes of
their C-X75 hybrid supercar on the road but that the model was still two
years away from going on sale.
The C-X75 will be powered by a pioneering hybrid 1.6litre engine and electric
motors that would give it 200mph-plus performance and a price tag close to
But Hallmark said that Jaguar's major priority was developing a new small
executive car to rival the BMW 3 Series, adding: "We now have a clear idea
of what we want to do and our model will have to be the best-looking car in
the segment, the most satisfying to drive and technologically advanced."
However, Hallmark knows the car will compete in the toughest sector in the
world against the 3 Series, A4 and C-Class: "We have one chance to get this
car right."
Which is why it won't be rushed and is unlikely to go on sale before 2015.
Another model on Hallmark's wish list is a Jaguar SUV to rival the Porsche
The premium SUV market is the fastest growing in the car world — it is set to
top 3million sales a year — and Jaguar need to be in it.
Hallmark added: "Jaguar has to offer things that other SUV's don't but its
on-road performance would be its most important quality."
What all the new models will do is attract new buyers to the Jaguar brand
and return the famous name to a place at the top of the motoring world.
JAGUAR have really pushed the boat out to launch the XF Sportbrake.
Design boss Ian Callum created a stunning powerboat to show off the Sportbrake
estate's towing capability.
As our pictures show, it's as capable of pulling a speedboat as it is of
pulling a caravan and ferrying the family.
But while the speedboat is a concept that may go into production, the XF
Sportbrake is very much a key model that goes on sale this month.
Jaguar expect it to account for an extra 20 per cent of sales in the XF range,
which has been the firm's best-selling model for years – with 157,000 cars
shifted since 2007.
Although estate cars really have become motoring fashion statements as much as
load-luggers in recent years, the majority of owners still buy them for
their functionality.
A couple of days behind the wheel of the Sportbrake proved to me that estates
can be an ideal marriage of style and practicality.
It certainly scores on design. If it's not as dramatically sporty as the
Mercedes CLS Shooting Brake, it has an elegance the Merc doesn't.
Apart from its styling, the Sportbrake has several other aces in its hand,
starting with how well it drives for a car more than 16ft long.
It may be an estate but it handles like the XF saloon, one of the best-driving
executive cars.
Steering is sharp and responsive, handling more like a sports coupe than an
estate. It also gets the XF's adaptive dynamics system that continually
monitors suspension and adjusts the dampers to give the ideal ride.
And you get performance to match the handling from two silky smooth and
refined diesel engines, linked to a slick eight-speed gearbox.
You get the choice of a 2.2 or 3litre V6 diesel. They deliver speed and fuel
economy that ranges from 46mpg for the 3litre up to 55mpg for the 2.2litre.
Innovative Plus you travel in style, front and back, with a cabin that carries
over the same layout as the saloon but has several upgrades – meaning it's a
class act.
The cabin is a mix of traditional and contemporary, with options of carbon
fibre, aluminium or wood trim, bathed in a sea of soft-leather seats.
Features like the round gear change dial that pops up from the centre console
when you start the engine and the revolving air vents hidden away on the
dash add to the car's innovative feel.
The Sportbrake also benefits from extra headroom in the back and genuine
estate space in the boot.
With the seats in place you get a useful 550litres of space, along with
load-separating bars.
Fold the seats down with the pull of a lever and that space becomes a hefty
1,675litres, plus there's an integral ski hatch to add to the car's
To sum up the Sportbrake, it looks the part, drives like a sporty saloon – but
delivers the functionality of an estate.
It's well priced with just a £2,000 premium over the XF saloon.
Prices start at £31,940 for the 2.2litre. That undercuts both the Audi A6
Avant and the BMW 5 Series Touring and is more than £10,000 less than the
cheapest Mercedes CLS Shooting Brake.
And even at £51,505 for the all-singing, all-dancing 3litre Sportbrake, the
Jaguar is still great value compared to its German opposition.
Which is why I can see it attracting plenty of new buyers to the brand.


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What does the Health Hotel aim to do?
The Health Hotel brings together 36 key players in the health debate: those within the NHS, the voice of patients, and the policy makers. It is designed to ask the questions and to debate the answers on how to deliver an NHS that is fit for purpose in the 21st century.
Why is working in partnership important?
Nobody in the health sector can afford to work in isolation. Health is complex. At its heart lies the patient. Beyond that are those providing their care, those who make the decisions that influence care and those who influence such things as diet and physical activity. Each has an impact on health. Everybody has a part to play.
What is the key to partnership working?
For partnerships to work, it requires as much listening as talking. With a shared goal, it's about making sure all the stakeholders are listened to and that their views are taken on board.
What challenges are met by bringing together so many different charities?
In health, as in all areas of government spending, there is competition for scarce resources. Each charity has its priorities for how that money is spent and that can lead to challenges. However, with the Health Hotel there is enough common ground to ensure that our partnerships can make a difference to people's lives.
Why is it important for charities to have a high profile in the political world?
Charities represent the voice of the patient. Without listening to that voice, this government, or any other, will never deliver a health service that is fit for purpose.
Is it difficult juggling business strategy with maintaining the charity ethos?
No, provided you get the language right. You need to talk about "making a difference" not "performance indicators". This job means ensuring a big impact - demonstrably improving the lives of people who need support.
Who is your management guru?
I have rarely come across anyone with the gift of original thinking. Management is about learning from others.
What's been the best piece of management advice you've ever been given?
Manage outputs not activities.
What's your biggest career achievement?
From collecting rents 29 years ago to becoming the chief executive officer of a really important charity.
What's your biggest career regret?
Not qualifying as an accountant - they always seem to end up with the important and interesting jobs.
· The Health Hotel is at the Labour party conference, Midland Hotel, Manchester, until September 29.


text:
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text:
Merlin Copacabana Hotel
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Meeting rooms/conference facilities
- Minbar in room
- Suites
- Shuttle bus service
- Hot tub
- Multilingual staff
Photos of Merlin Copacabana Hotel
- Restaurant
- Outdoor pool
- Swimming pool
- Bar/lounge
- Fitness/Health center
- Minbar in room
- Wireless internet connection in room (free)
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Non-smoking hotel
- Hot tub
- High-speed internet in room
- Breakfast Available
- Non-smoking rooms
- Air-Conditioning
- Suites
- Shuttle bus service
- Meeting rooms/conference facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Continental Breakfast
- Conference facilities
- Banquet room
- Room service
- Concierge desk
- Business Services
- Meal plan
- Laundry
TripAdvisor Reviews Merlin Copacabana Hotel Rio de Janeiro
Travel Blogs from Rio de Janeiro
Pao de Acucar (Sugarloaf)
... first cable car on Sugarloaf was constructed in 1912 and its cables supported 180 tons in traction. It's maximum speed was 7.2 km/ hr and it held 22 passengers. Today a car holds 65 passengers and go much faster (10 metres per second - you do the math, I'm on vacation).
This is one of the must see sights in Rio and we decided today was the day to see it. It was a clear day and we could see Copocabana and Ipanema Beaches, Guanabara Bay, the Parque Nacional ...
Head In The Clouds
... common in Brazil whereby there is a huge buffet and you fill and weight your plate and pay by the kilo. This was incredible value and for the first time in a long time being a vegetarian didn't matter as I could pile my plate high with fresh salad and veg and Tim could refuel his dwindling protein supplies with a mountain of meat.
From talking to other tourists on our failed trip to Christ the Redeemer, they all spoke highly of the favela tour that ...
Polluted beach
... during the surfing competition was likely to depend on wind and tides.Barra da Tijuca is near the spot where the sewage- and trash-filled Jacarepagua lagoon flows into the Atlantic. When the tide is low, wind can spread the brown patch of contaminated water to Barra da Tijuca."You could have a situation where most of the beach is awash in this putrid water," Moscatelli ...
Day one 21/01/2015
... as it sounds,however, we did have a good a flight down, with just a hint of turbulence/turdulance as we like to call it.We set off approximately 12.40 am and arrived in Rio approx 11.40 ish .It was a pleasantly warm 30 degrees!!!! The transfer to the Sheraton Hotel took another 30 mins and after getting booked in,we were soon snugly asleep on the 20th ...
Beaches, Balloons and Boisterous Crowds (Day 37)
... a version of sand tennis with pickleball style racquets and another hybrid game of beach volleyball and soccer where you can hit the ball with any part of your body except your arms. I now understand why these countries are at the top of the world in soccer as they are experts at ball control. I've never seen someone spike the ball with their head or by doing a bicycle kick before. Things I need to practice and take ...


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Erin Andrews' Twitter Fiasco
She can't seem to stay away from crazies, and Erin Andrews' latest drama comes from her account on the social networking website Twitter.
The FOX Sports hottie posted a threatening tweet she received along with the caption, "Why Twitter needs policing.- "@ErinAndrews You make eye contact with me and I will chop you apart. You are just a bad thing," from user @hyuncmartinez.
Furthermore, the same handle was responsible for previous tweets like, "@ErinAndrews Do not make me mention about your family you psycho!!!" and "@ErinAndrews So, now how will you face me tonight bitch?" and "@ErinAndrews You do not tweet me anymore before I will kill you."
There's no word yet on any police involvement, but stay linked to the GossipCenter for the latest on this disturbing story.


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Fix It
The plan was set. Millie was going to ask Jared about the doctor and when he said no, she'd get Jackson to take her out. Something just didn't feel right.
She'd said just yesterday that she was two and a half months along but it looked like she was getting bigger and bigger by the second. The bottom of the situation needed to be reached.
Jackson agreed unwillingly that she was growing but he didn't want to give his best friend any more reason to hate him. After all, he'd already gone overboard by threatening him in the hallway earlier.
Everything was getting out of hand and pretty soon; it would all come crashing down on a sadistic guy, a pregnant girl and two bystanders. But what were they supposed to do?
Even if Millie and Jackson go to see the doctor, it's not like that's going to change anything. They'll all still be living under Jared's roof and his attitude wouldn't change along with Chuck. Jackson's loft wouldn't be done till Millie pops probably and the problems are just piling up together.
There has to be a way to just fix it all.


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For those of you who don't know Tom Gates, he is a boy in Year 5 at Oakfield School who loves doodling and carrying out fun experiments.
This is the fourth book in the Tom Gates series and I think it is the funniest. It tells us about Tom's life leading up to and including the school talent show which he enters with his band Dogzombies.
Tom suffers, jokes and doodles his way through lots of hilarious situations; like getting a comb stuck in his hair during the show, struggling through sports day, a disastrous BBQ with his crazy uncle and cousins and of course getting his own back on his annoying class mate Marcus!
As for Tom's sister Delia, she finally takes off her ever-present sunglasses and accidentally dyes her hair green!
I loved this book! it made me laugh out and is full of good, original ideas, especially ways to get out of trouble at school! I wish I could be Tom Gates because it would be really good fun being in talent shows, playing electric guitars and not having to learn your times tables until Year 5.
This book has the usual creative mix of fun writing and brilliant drawings. In the corner of every page is a doodle of a bug, which is actually a mini flip book - which I think is a 'genius idea!'
I would highly recommend this book to anyone 7 years +
Want to tell the world about a book you've read? Join the site and send us your review!


text:
Twenty-four hours after Tony Blair's reshuffle saw Lord Falconer wash his hands of the fiasco, no one could say who would take the job..
A Downing Street spokesman could only say that the responsibility now lay within John Prescott's new Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. "I don't think we know yet whose portfolio it falls into," he said.
Under the deal announced yesterday, the Dome and surrounding land are being given away to a property consortium in return for a share of the profits over 25 years.
But it emerged that the amount to be recouped by the public purse is unclear and the way that profits are to be shared by developers and the Government has not been decided.
Its new owner, the Anshutz Entertainment Group, has claimed that the Dome will become a "Madison Square Garden" for London when a new 20,000-seat arena is built with £135million.
But P-Y Gerbeau, former boss of the Dome, said: "I think this is a very sad day for the Dome. They have 190 acres of prime development land which they have given away.
"It seems politicians are desperately trying to get rid of the thing. As a British taxpayer I would like to see an inquiry."
Shadow culture secretary Tim Yeo said: "Lord Falconer has proven his complete failure as an estate agent. It is deplorable he conducted the negotiations behind closed doors, concealing vital facts at each stage, thereby turning a bad outcome into a disaster."
- More about:
- Birds Of Prey
- Hunting
- John Prescott
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Didn't expect much. Met my expectations. Wish they would've focused on the plot and the logical outcomes, especially in terms of psychological patterns etc. The characters are not nearly complex enough to possibly let them be a reflection on real life. Also there's a vast amount of cringe-worthy moments - might be funny to other people, but for me it was just a waste of precious time. I'd honestly say it's actually too annoying to even watch when bored. Or tired. Or sleeping. At this point It makes me wonder: 'What were they thinking while making this movie?' Well, obviously not much. But hey, if you're into that kinda stuff - you do you!
Divorce Invitation
Action / Comedy / Romance
Divorce Invitation
Action / Comedy / Romance
'Divorce Invitation' centers on Mike Christian, a happily married man who runs into his high school sweetheart Alex, and after all these years, sparks still fly. When Mike is determined Alex is his true soul mate, he realizes he has a huge problem-he signed an iron-clad pre-nuptial agreement and his wife will not let him out of the marriage.
Uploaded By: OTTO
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November 24, 2014 at 06:33 AM
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Movie Reviews
Illogical and underwhelming
So morally wrong!
If i could give this a Zero, i would but i can't. I am so very appalled with the message behind this story. There will be spoilers here. So this is the story of a guy who says he is in love with his girlfriend. He so decides that he wants to marry her. Yet it is implied in the movie through his best friend's speech, that parts of him is interested by just more than his love for her. His new to be wife has grand parents who owns a very successful family restaurant. And by marrying her, he sees this as an opportunity to franchise the restaurant. At this point, the viewer has the feeling that the wife is going to be used. But it is mislead. Apparently his conversion to her religion is supposedly enough to make us believe that he loves her. Even though the director shows in a very light manner his conversion to Jewish as it was a bit of a joke to the hero. He can't even seem to remember the name of Jew documents. Nevertheless he signs a pre-nuptial agreement. without reading the content. Then the plot moves towards his ambition for his career. He has the plan to franchise the family restaurant but he needs to convince a potential buyer to invest in the franchise. Unfortunately this rich buyer is going on a golf holiday for 10 days so she can't sign the deal until she returns. The main character sees this as a challenge. He is certain that this buyer is giving him an implicit go. He just needs to join her in this golf holiday. So his 2 associates hesitate because he is so flicky but then finally agrees to let him go alone. Apparently his partners do not have much too lose. The dialogue is not very convincing at all around this point. As surprising as this sounds, his wife even agrees with it and gives her credit card. So out he goes to spend his wife's money to convince this buyer. This buyer happens to be very pretty. And his ex girlfriend. She still likes him, he still likes her. How very convenient. So he gets to have a luxurious time out and on top of it, sex with her on his wife's credit card. What starts to bother me is that this movie is sending the message that this is okay for a man to act like a kid on his wife money and partners trust. While his associates get none of this special holiday treatment. Then our "hero" realises he doesn't love his wife. So just like that, He decides to write her an email. Saying how sorry he is. And again, just like that, he wants a divorce. But his wife doesn't want a divorce. So he cries on the shoulder of his new girlfriend. Finally the cherry on the cake that really got my goat: The only way he can get the divorce in the pre nuptial agreement is by re-inviting all the people who were present at the wedding and explains why he wants a divorce. His new girlfriend is in the audience waiting for him to "be finally free". Through all this transition of getting all the invite, we see that she is there writing the invitation with her and on the very day that he is supposed to get his divorce, right in front of all the invites, without any respect for her, we got to hear that he has changed his "mind" yet again, like a kid and that he actually still loves his wife! And just like that, his new girlfriend is sent back to "being thrown away like an old tissue". In front of all the invitees, he re-affirms his vows to re-marry his wife. A whisper "i am sorry" across the room to his new girlfriend is all the poor woman gets. But She absolutely understands this and smiles her approval to his choice!! So again this man gets to get away with this "last minute change of heart". His new wife says yes. His old girlfriend sends him a kiss and this is meant to be a realistic story? The message this is sending is that clearly no matter how wrong a man does, he will get to have a wife or a girlfriend to support and trust him. and he never gets to feel the consequences of his actions. I find this ethically wrong on so many levels i can't hardly believe nothing has been mentioned as a thread. What a waste of my time that was!
Good romantic comedy
The movie has good romantic comedy and sentiment. I liked the movie very much. The story is closer to everyone's life after few years of married life. We should encourage upcoming actors with the best stories like this. everyone acted very well. I recommend to watch the movie. Jonathan Bennett, Nadia Bjorlin acted very well. I liked Jamie-Lynn Sigler acting also. Only thing I didn't like is the college time love story. The characters replaced with someone else. They would have taken with same actors. They look same age, not much age difference with current age but replaced with different people which I felt little weird. I don't see in many theaters but my feeling is it should run in more theaters.