text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 11, 1997
|Filing date
|Apr 12, 1996
|Priority date
|Apr 12, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Charles W. Paul, Matthew L. Sharak, Bing Wu, Lydia Wagner, Quinn Tong, Gary Raykovitz
|Original Assignee
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (34), Classifications (14), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to hot melt adhesives for bonding nonwoven fabrics and tissues.
A nonwoven fabric is an interlocking network of synthetic or naturally occurring fibers, or a combination of the two, in which the individual fibers are mechanically, chemically, or thermally bonded to each other. Tissue is a closely related material in which the individual fibers may or may not be bonded to one another. The fabric or tissue is characterized by flexibility, porosity and integrity. Nonwovens are used commercially for a variety of applications including insulation, packaging, household wipes, surgical drapes, medical dressings, and disposable articles, such as, diapers, adult incontinent products and sanitary napkins.
In many of the end use applications it is necessary to adhere the nonwoven or tissue to another substrate or component. The second substrate may be another nonwoven, tissue, or an unrelated material, such as a polyethylene film. Commonly, hot melt adhesives are employed to bond the assembly together. Hot melt adhesives allow for cost and time efficient manufacturing since there is no evaporation step necessary as is the case for water based or solvent based adhesive systems. For nonwoven applications, suitable hot melt adhesives must possess good flexibility (or hand); no staining or bleed through; suitable viscosity, set speed and open time to function on commercially available equipment; and finally, acceptable thermal aging properties.
Another desired property for hot melt adhesives, especially important in disposable diaper, sanitary napkin, and bed pad constructions, is the ability of the hot melt adhesive to transmit liquid or moisture from the nonwoven fibers into the superabsorbent or fluff core substrates. This property, referred to as strike through, is desirable to draw the moisture away from the body and into the absorbent core as quickly as possible after the nonwoven is wetted.
Many hot melt adhesives are hydrophobic and repel moisture, rather than drawing it through the adhesive and into the absorbent core. It is known to use fluorchemical surfactants in some hot melt adhesives to provide improved strike through without reducing the absorbency speed or capacity of the absorbing material. In addition to their use as construction adhesives, hot melt adhesives may be used to bind or reinforce the nonwoven fibers together. These hot melts adhesives may also be formulated to provide improved strike through by fluorosurfactants. However, fluorosurfactants are costly, absorb through the skin, and persist in the body. These limitations make them unsuitable for disposable nonwovens that are in direct contact with the body.
We have discovered that, when used at the proper level, the addition of a variety of hydrocarbon and silicone surfactants to conventional olefin-containing hot melts for use in nonwovens confers the unexpected benefits of improved fluid acquisition rates and spreading (wicking), and resistance to high humidity and direct water immersion.
This invention is a disposable article containing at least one nonwoven or tissue layer bonded to another nonwoven, tissue, or polyolefin film layer using a hot melt adhesive composition consisting of (a) 10 to 80 weight percent, preferred 40 to 60 weight percent, of an olefin containing polymer, (b) 10 to 70 weight percent, preferred 30 to 60 weight percent of a compatible tackifying resin, c) 0 to 20% plasticizer, (d) 0 to 2% stabilizer, (e) 0 to 25% wax, and (f) 1-25% of a surfactant, which surfactant will cause the adhesive composition to exhibit a contact angle of 90° or less and a reduction in surface tension of less than about 35-40 dynes/cm, preferably less than or equal to 35 dynes/cm, preferably 30 dynes/cm, more preferably 20 dynes/cm.
When a droplet of liquid is placed on a uniform, perfectly flat, solid surface, its shape and the length of time that it holds its shape are determined by three interfacial tension forces: the force of the solid surface, the surface tension of the liquid, and the force at the solid/liquid interface. The angle that the tangent (edge) of the liquid droplet makes with the solid surface is a measured value relative to those combined vector forces. In general, the smaller the contact angle, Θ, the greater the tendency of the liquid droplet to lose its shape and spread. The addition of surfactants to the liquid causes a reduction of surface tension of the droplet.
In the case of hot melt adhesives for use in the construction of nonwoven applications, the addition of surfactant to the adhesive causes a decrease in the contact angle, Θ, of any fluid against the adhesive. As a result the presence of the surfactant makes the adhesive more effective in transmitting fluids through the adhesive layer and into the core of the superabsorbent material. The same result would be obtained if the surfactant were added to a hot melt adhesive used for binding or reinforcing the nonwoven fibers. At the same time that the contact angle of the fluid is reduced, the surface tension is also reduced, but this lessens the capability of the fluid to wick through to the core of the nonwoven. Thus, in preparing the adhesives for this application, a balance must be achieved in the type and amount of surfactant used to provide the optimum performance. It has been found that optimum performance is obtained by the addition of a surfactant to the hot melt adhesives of a type and in an amount so that the fluid passing through the disposable exhibits a contact angle of less than 90°, and a reduction in surface tension of less than about 35-40 dynes/cm, preferably less than or equal to 35 dynes/cm.
The improved hot melt adhesive composition used in the disposable articles of this invention helps prevent leakage from the absorbent core and allows the use of thinner absorbent core substrates.
The preferred surfactants are ethoxylates of mono-alcohols and are present in the adhesive in an amount from 1 to 25 weight percent. Ethoxylates of mono-alcohols are the reaction products of the polymerization of ethylene oxide initiated at the --OH site of the alcohol.
The addition of the surfactant increases the hydrophilic character of the hot melt adhesive and improves its strike through properties rather than causing it, as compared to conventional hot melts, to act as a barrier to the liquid transmission.
The surfactants utilized herein will be any of those surfactants, which when added in sufficient amount to the adhesive composition will impart improved wicking properties to the adhesive without causing a loss in adhesive properties.
Particularly preferred are the higher crystalline type surfactants, such as Unithox 480, a product of Petrolite Specialty Polymers Group, Tulsa, Okla.
Typically, the surfactants will be used in amounts of 1 to 25%, preferably 5 to 15% by weight, but the exact preferred range will depend on the individual adhesive system.
Suitable surfactants include nonionic, anionic, and silicone surfactants. Exemplary nonionic surfactants are:
ethoxylates of (i) C1 -C18, preferred C8 -C9 alkyl or dialkyl phenols, such as those sold under the tradenames Macol DNP-10, available from PPG Industries, Gurnee, Ill., a 10 mole ethoxylate of dinonyl phenol, and Triton X-100, available from Union Carbide, a 10 mole ethoxylate of octyl phenol; (ii) alkyl C8 -C60 mono-alcohols, such as those sold under the tradenames Surfonic L-12-8, an 8 mole ethoxylate of dodecanol, available from Huntsman Chemical Co., and Unithox 480, a 38 mole ethoxylate crystalline surfactant available from Petrolite Specialty Polymers Group, Tulsa, Okla.; and (iii) propylene oxide polymers, such as those sold under the tradename Pluronic, which are ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers having a Mn of 200 to 3000 available from BASF; and
benzoates formed by partial condensation of benzoic acid with hydrophilic di or mono-ols having less than 1000 Mn, such as the product of condensing about three equivalents of benzoic acid with four equivalent of diethylene glycol, commercially available as XP 1010 from Velsicol Chemical.
Suitable anionic surfactants are:
C8 -C60 alkyl ethoxylate sulfonates, (CH3 --(CH2)11-14 --(O--CH2 CH2)3 --SO3- Na+, such as, Avenel S30, available from PPG Industries;
alkyl C8 -C60 sulfonates, such as, Rhodapon UB (C12 --SO3 - Na+) available from Rhone Poulenc;
and alkyl/aromatic sulfonates, such as are represented by the structure ##STR1## and sold under the tradename Calsoft.
Suitable silicone surfactants are ethoxylates or propoxylates of polydimethyl siloxane, having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, preferably 600 to 6000, such as are sold under the tradenames Silwet L-77, L-7605, and L-7500 available from OSi Specialties, Danbury, Conn.; and product 193 from Dow Corning.
The preferred surfactants are those with lower molecular weights because these have increased compatibility in the adhesive formulations. The maximum acceptable molecular weight depends on the type of surfactant and the other ingredients in the adhesive formulation.
The surfactant may be added to any olefin-containing polymers commonly used for disposable applications.
Suitable olefin-containing polymers are those in which ethylene is polymerized with 15 to 45% by weight of copolymerizable monomers such as vinyl acetate, N-butyl acrylate, propylene, methyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, acrylic acid, metallocene catalyzed ethylene based polymers and the like, as well as any mixtures thereof.
Additional suitable polymers are pure homopolymers or copolymers of the following monomers: olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, butene, hexene octene, or other alpha-olefins; vinyl monomers, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate; acrylic monomers, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid esters, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, and the like.
Preferred polymers are ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers such as those obtainable from Dupont under the Elvax tradename. The preferred range for the vinyl acetate will be in the range of 18%-40% by weight, with 33% most preferred. Also preferred are polyolefin polymers such as those obtainable under the Vestoplast tradename from Huls.
Other adhesive compositions may be prepared according to the invention using, as a base polymer, amorphous polyolefins or blends thereof. Amorphous polyolefins are made by the atactic polymerization of polypropylene. Polymerization occurs in the presence of a catalyst comprising a coordination complex of a transition metal halide with an organometallic compound. The solid amorphous polypropylene has a softening point of about 150° C. and a Brookfield viscosity at 190° C. of 1,000 to 50,000 cps. Suitable commercial products include Eastman Chemical's P 1010. Copolymers of amorphous polypropylene and ethylene (APE), or butene (APB), or hexene (APH), are suitable as a base polymer, as are terpolymers of propylene, butene and ethylene (APBE). Suitable commercially available products include those sold under the tradenames: Rextac 2315 from Rexene (APE); Rextac 2730 from Rexene (APB); Vestoplast 750 and 708 from Huls (APBE).
Blends of any of the above base materials, such as blends of ethylene vinyl acetate and atactic polypropylene may also be used to prepare the hot melt adhesive compositions.
In all cases, the adhesives are formulated with tackifying resins, plasticizers, waxes and/or other conventional additives in varying amounts as are known to those skilled in the art.
The tackifying resins useful in the adhesive compositions can be any compatible hydrocarbon resins, synthetic polyterpenes, rosin esters, natural terpenes, and the like. More particularly, and depending upon the particular base polymer, the useful tackifying resins include (1) natural and modified rosins, for example, gum rosin, wood rosin, tall oil rosin, distilled rosin, hydrogenated rosin, dimerized rosin, and polymerized rosin; (2) glycerol and pentaerythritol esters of natural and modified rosins, for example, the glycerol ester of pale wood rosin, the glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin, the glycerol ester of polymerized rosin, the pentaerythritol ester of hydrogenated rosin, and the phenolic-modified pentaerythritol ester of rosin; (3) copolymers and terpolymers of natural terpenes, for example, styrene/terpene and alpha methyl styrene/terpene; (4) polyterpene resins having a softening point, as determined by ASTM method E28-58T, of 80° to 150° C.; the latter polyterpene resins generally resulting from the polymerization of terpene hydrocarbons, such as the bicyclic monoterpene known as pinene, in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts at moderately low temperatures; and hydrogenated polyterpene resins; (5) phenolic modified terpene resins and hydrogenated derivatives thereof, for example, the resin product resulting from the condensation, in an acidic medium, of a bicyclic terpene and a phenol; (6) aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins having a Ball and Ring softening point of 70° to 135° C.; the latter resins resulting from the polymerization of monomers primarily consisting of olefins and di-olefins; and the hydrogenated aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins; (7) aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins and the hydrogenated derivatives thereof; (8) alicyclic petroleum hydrocarbon resins and the hydrogenated derivatives thereof; and (9) aromatic/aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, such as those sold under the trademarks ECR 149B and ECR 179A by Exxon Chemical Company. Mixtures of two or more of the above described tackifying resins may be required for some formulations.
Various plasticizing or extending oils may also be present in the composition in amounts of up to about 20%, preferably 0 to 15%, by weight in order to provide wetting action and/or viscosity control. The above broadly includes not only the usual plasticizing oils but also use of olefin oligomers and low molecular weight polymers, as well as vegetable and animal oils and their derivatives. Petroleum derived oils that may be employed are relatively high boiling materials containing only a minor proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons (preferably less than 30% and, more particularly, less than 15% by weight of the oil). Alternatively, the oil may be totally non-aromatic. The oligomers may be polypropylenes, polybutenes, hydrogenated polyisoprene, hydrogenated polybutadiene, or the like, having average molecular weights between about 350 and about 10,000. Vegetable and animal oils include glyceryl esters of the usual fatty acids and polymerization products thereof.
Also useful as plasticizers are polar synthetic compounds, such as the aliphatic and aromatic polyester plasticizers available from C. P. Hall Co., Stow, Ohio. Amides phosphate esters, sulfonamides, and phthalates are also suitable at varying levels.
Various petroleum derived waxes may also be used in amounts less than about 25% by weight of the composition in order to impart fluidity in the molten condition of the adhesive and flexibility to the set adhesive, and to serve as a wetting agent for bonding cellulosic fibers. The term "petroleum derived wax" includes both paraffin and microcrystalline waxes having melting points within the range of 130° to 225° F. as well as synthetic waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene or Fisher-Tropsch waxes.
An antioxidant or stabilizer may also be included in the adhesive compositions in amounts of up to about 3% by weight. Among the applicable antioxidants or stabilizers are high molecular weight hindered phenols and multifunctional phenols, such as sulfur and phosphorous-containing phenols. Representative hindered phenols include: 1,3,5-trimethyl 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)benzene; pentaerythritol tetrakis-3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate; n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenol)-propionate; 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-o-cresol); 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol; 6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2,4-bis(n-octyl-thio)-1,3,5-triazine; di-n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonate; 2-(n-octylthio)-ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoate; and sorbitol hexa 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate!.
Other additives conventionally used in hot melt adhesives to satisfy different properties and meet specific application requirements also may be added, and include fillers, pigments, flow modifiers, dyestuffs, etc., which may be incorporated in minor or larger amounts into the adhesive formulation, depending on the purpose.
These hot melt adhesives may be prepared using techniques known in the art. Typically, the adhesive compositions are prepared by blending the components in the melt at a temperature of about 100° to 200° C. until a homogeneous blend is obtained, approximately two hours. Various methods of blending are known and any method that produces a homogeneous blend is satisfactory. The resulting adhesives are characterized in that they have a viscosity of 50,000 cP or less at the application temperature of 350° F. (177° C.) or less. The viscosity as used herein is a Brookfield viscosity measured using a Brookfield viscometer model No. DV-II with spindle no. 27 at 10 rpm.
The resulting adhesives of the present invention are characterized by their ability to provide a durable bond to a nonwoven or tissue article and otherwise meet the unique requirements of the application (including flexibility, non-staining, and machinable viscosity). The adhesives described herein also possess exceptional thermal stability, which distinguishes them from other moisture sensitive technologies. Further, their hydrophilic natures facilitate ready transmission of the fluid throughout the construction.
The adhesive product can be applied to a substrate such as a nonwoven article or tissue by a variety of methods including coating or spraying in an amount sufficient to cause the article to adhere to another substrate, such as tissue, nonwoven, or other conventionally employed substrates, such as polyolefin films.
The following examples illustrate the compositions of suitable hot melt adhesives, and the improvement to their wicking properties as a result of the incorporation of the described surfactants.
Sample adhesives were prepared and tested for water contact angle, surface tension reduction, and rate of wicking.
The following raw materials were used:
Elvax 460, an ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer from DuPont containing 18% vinyl acetate (VA), with a melt flow index (MFI) of 2.5 (dg/min at 190° C. using a 2.2 kg weight) (the MFI for the following are measured the same);
Elvax 265, an EVA from DuPont containing 28% VA, 3 MFI;
Elvax 200W, an EVA from DuPont containing 28% VA, 2500 MFI;
Elvax 140W, an EVA from DuPont containing 33% VA, 400 MFI;
Elvax 210W, an EVA from DuPont containing 28% VA, 400 MFI;
Elvax 40W, an EVA from DuPont containing 40% VA, 51 MFI;
Unitac 100 L, a rosin ester tackifier available from Union Camp;
Macol DNP-10, a 10 mole ethoxylate of dinonyl phenol from PPG;
Nirez V2040 HM, a terpene phenolic tackifier available from Arizona Chemical;
Zonatac 85L and 105L, styrenated terpenes with softening points at 85° and 105° C., respectively, from Arizona Chemical;
Irganox 1010, a hindered phenol anti-oxidant available from Ciba-Geigy;
Triton X-100, a 10 mole ethoxylate of octyl phenol available from Union Carbide;
Surfonic DNP-100, a 10 mole ethoxylate of dinonyl phenol available from Huntsman;
L12-8, an 8 mole ethoxylate of dodecanol available from Huntsman;
Pycal 94, a 4 mole ethoxylate of phenol available from ICI;
Unithox 480, an ethoxylated C30 mono-ol with a molecular weight of 2250 g/mole, available from Petrolite Specialty Polymers Group, Tulsa, Okla.;
Escorez 2520, a liquid aliphatic/aromatic C5 -C9 resin available from Exxon Chemical;
Nirez M85NS, an aromatic modified polyterpene available from Arizona Chemical;
Nirez V2040HM, a terpene phenolic tackifier available from Arizona Chemical;
Newtac 300, a phenol modified polyterpene available from Arizona Chemical;
AC-400, an EVA wax with 13% VA and a viscosity at 140° C. of 595 cP, available from Allied-Signal;
Macol DNP-10, a 10 mole ethoxylate of dinonyl phenol from PPG Industries;
Avenel S30, an anionic surfactant, sodium sulfonated 3 mole ethoxylate of a C12-15 mono-ol, available from PPG industries;
Rhodapon UB, an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate, available from Rhone Poulenc;
Silwet L-77, L-7605 and L-7500, silicone surfactants available from OSI Specialties;
Pluronic F38, F68, P65, P85, P61 and L44, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer surfactants available from BASF;
Unitac R98L, hydrogenated rosin ester available from Union Camp; and
Jordapon CI, a prilled form of sodium cocoyl isethionate from PPG Industries;
Aerosol MA80, a sodium hexyl sulfo-succinate from Cytec Industries; and
Naugard HM22, an aromatic amine/hindered phenol blend available from Uniroyal;
Eastotac, a dicyclopentadiene-based tackifier available from Eastman Chemical Co.
Sample adhesive compositions for construction of nonwoven articles were formulated from the above listed raw materials to the following compositions in parts by weight (PBW). The adhesive used as a control contained no surfactant.
______________________________________ PBW______________________________________ControlElvax 140W 45.0Zonatac 85L 55.0Irganox 1010 0.3Sample AElvax 200W 7.0Elvax 40W 5.0Elvax 140 W 34.5Sylvatac 4100 19.0Escorez 2520 5.0AC-400 7.0L12-8 10.0Nirez M85NS 16.0Sample BElvax 200W 7.0Elvax 40W 5.0Elvax 140 W 34.5Sylvatac 4100 19.0Escorez 2520 5.0AC-400 7.0Surfonic DNP-100 10.0Naugard HM22 0.3Zonatac 85L 16.0Sample CElvax 200 12.5Elvax 140W 33.0Escorez 2520 4.5AC-400 6.0Zonatac 85L 16.0Irganox 1010 0.3Macol DNP-10 10.0Samples D-NElvax 140W 50.0Zonatac 105L 40.0Irganox 1010 0.5Surfactant 10.0Sampes O-TElvax 140W 40.0Zonatac 105L 50.0Irganox 1010 0.5Surfactant 10.0______________________________________
The surfactant in each of the samples D-T was varied as reported here by tradename:
______________________________________Sample Surfactant Sample Surfactant______________________________________D Triton X-100 E Macol DNP10F 193 Surfactant G Avanel S30H Jordapon Cl I Rhodapon UBJ Aerosol MA8O K CalSoftL Silwet L-77 M Silwet L-7605N Silwet L-7500O Pluronic F38, 80% EO, MW 4500P Pluronic F68, 80% EO, MW 9000Q Pluronic P65, 50% EO, MW 3600R Pluronic P85, 50% EO, MW 4800S Pluronic P61, 10% EO, MW 2000T Pluronic L44, 40% EO, MW 2200______________________________________
The following procedures were used to test the samples.
The contact angle is measured with the use of a goniometer, which has a microsyringe for dispensing accurate droplet sizes and a camera for photographing the angle of the liquid drop as it meets the surface of the solid. The contact angle is measured as the angle between The substrate and the tangent of the liquid drop (at the interface). The lower the angle, the more effective the coating is in transmitting (wicking) the liquid through the discontinuous adhesive layer.
The water surface tension was measured using the Dunuoy ring method. Two grams of adhesive were placed in a clean 110 ml glass jar with a 5 cm inner diameter, melted in a 135° C. oven, and then cooled to room temperature. Twenty ml of 0.85% saline solution was added to the dish. The surface tensions of the pure saline solution and of the saline solution after 15 minutes exposure to the adhesive were measured using a KRUS K-14 tensiometer. The difference in the surface tensions were recorded as the surface tension reduction (STR).
Samples of substrate, 3 inches wide by 10 inches long, including the adhesive coverage area, are taped to Plexiglass 3 inches from the top on the front, and wrapped around to 3 inches from the top on the back side. The samples are conditioned at 72° F./50% RH for 24 hours. A one liter beaker is filled to the 200 mL level, with 0.9% saline solution dyed red. The sample is placed into the beaker and the fluid is allowed to rise for 2 minutes, at which time the sample is removed from the beaker and the total wicking area is calculated (within 10 seconds).
The results of these tests are tabulated here and show that the addition of the surfactant causes an increase in the surface wicking area (samples C and E); causes the contact angle to be less than 90° (samples A-G, K, and M-T); and results in a surface tension reduction of about 35 dynes/cm or less.
______________________________________ Contact Surface Tension Fluid WickingSample Angle Reduction Area______________________________________Control 110-112° 20.2 in2A 61°B <17°.sup.C <30°.sup. 21.5 in2D <30°.sup.E <30°.sup. 28 21.2 in2F 54 32G 47 35H 36I 6J 26K 65 22L 37M 76 28N 73 30O 46 12P 41 17Q 42 26R 39 24S 49 26T 54 22______________________________________
Adhesive sample E was chosen as the representative sample for comparison to the control adhesive in tests to measure bond strength after exposure to humidity or to soaking in water. The adhesives were tested according to the following test procedures.
Sample nonwoven fabrics were adhered or bonded to a polyethylene substrate using the above adhesive compositions at a temperature of 149° C. (300° F.), applied by a coater machine at 450 ft/min. and 2.66 g/m2. Two sets of adhesive bonds were prepared for each adhesive and conditioned for three days: one set at ambient conditions, and the second at 49° C. (120° F.), 90% RH. A rubber-based construction adhesive with no surfactant was used as a control. After conditioning, the bonds were pulled on an Instron machine at 12 in/min crosshead speed, 2 in/min chart speed in a 180° T peel mode. The average peel mode of four trials was recorded; if there was bond failure, the type of failure was recorded instead of peel value.
Poly to nonwoven bonds were made on samples as described above, and also with a rubber based adhesive containing 28 parts by weight of styrene/isoprene/styrene, 56 parts by weight of a partially saponified rosin, and 16 parts by weight of the surfactant sold under the trademark Macol DNP-10. Bonds were made using the coater machine at 300° F., 450 ft/min. and 4.59 /m2. For each adhesive, one set of bonds was stored in ambient conditions. A second set was soaked in room temperature deionized water for one hour, after which the water was drained and the bonds immediately tested. Bonds were pulled on the Instron machine at 12 in/min crosshead speed, 2 in/min chart speed in a 180° T peel mode. The average peel mode of four trials was recorded; if there was bond failure, the type of failure was recorded instead of peel value.
The results of both tests are reported in the following Table.
______________________________________ Bond Strengths Rubber- based adh. Control withConditions Sample E adh. surfactant______________________________________Ambient 207 g 275 g72 hrs. 120° F. 182 g 331 g90% R.H.Failure Mode 3 2Ambient - dry 152 g 264 g 348 gSoaking - wet 189 g 292 g no bondFailure Mode - dry 1 1 1Failure Mode - wet 2 1 not testable______________________________________
The code for the failure modes is the following:
1. Adhesive failure from nonwoven, with some fiber pullout.
2. Adhesive failure from nonwoven, no visible fiber pullout.
3. Adhesive failure from poly.
4. Cohesive failure mostly to poly.
The bond held with the rubber based adhesive with surfactant fell apart during the soak test.
The samples conditioned by soaking may have greater bond strength values than the samples conditioned in ambient temperature and humidity due to softening of the adhesive or matting of the nonwoven.
The results of this test show that excellent poly/non-woven bonds can be obtained, which resist high humidity and direct water immersion, despite their low contact angle.
This example used crystallizable surfactants to achieve low water contact angle and low water STR. The crystallinity of the surfactant significantly decreases the mobility of the surfactant and thus results in low water STR. Depending on the molecular structure, the crystalline site can be either the hydrophobic portion or the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant, or both. The improvement in water STR is shown in the table below. The formulations give components in parts by weight in parentheses.
______________________________________ Crystalliz- ability of the Contact STR ViscosityFormulation surfactant Angle (dynes/cm) (135° C.)______________________________________Example E no <30 28 10,500 cpsExample U yes (both <30 14 9,000 cpsElvax 210W (40) hydrophilicZonatac 105L (50) andIrganox 1010 (0.5) hydrophobicUnithox 480 (10) portions)Example V yes (both <30 14 9,500 cpsElvax 140W (40) hydrophilicZonatac 105L (50) andIrganox 1010 (0.5) hydrophobicUnithox 480 (10) portions)______________________________________
The crystallization of the surfactant in Examples U and V is confirmed by DSC measurements performed with a Perkin-Elmer DSC-7. The sample was heated to 150° C., held for 5 minutes at that temperature, and cooled to room temperature at 10° C./min. The sample was then reheated at 10° C./min., and this run was used to determine the crystallinity of the surfactant in the formulation. The heat of fusion and melting point of the sample were determined on the reheat cycle. By itself, Unithox 480 material exhibits a melting peak at 56° C. and a heat of fusion of 112 J/g. In the adhesive formulations U and V a melting peak at 53° C. is observed superimposed on that of the EVA base polymers. This peak indicates that the surfactant is recrystallizing in the formulations (thus, is crystallizable).
These are examples of high viscosity, high strength, faster setting adhesives suitable for use as binder fibers when comingled with other fibers in a nonwoven fabric. The compositions are given in parts by weight in the following table in parts by weight, and the identity of the raw materials can be found earlier in this specification.
______________________________________ Adhesive Compositions AA BB CC DD EE FF GG______________________________________ComponentsElvax 460 50 50 50 50 50Elvax 265 50 50Unitac 100L 40 20 40Zonatac 105L 40 40Eastotac H100 20Nirez V2040HM 20 20 40DNP-10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10Irganox 1010 0.5 0.5 0.5Viscosity (P)at 200° C. 975 1030 1045 1185 8870 945 910______________________________________
For samples AA-DD, 100 g of each sample was held at 177° C. (350° F.) in a glass jar for 24 hours. No phase separation occurred for any sample. A solidified puddle of each adhesive (about 5 cm in diameter by 1.5 mm thick) was held at 38° C. (100° F./95% RH) overnight. No exudation of surfactant occurred. A drop of water was place gently by pipette on the surface of each adhesive. Adhesives BB-DD showed contact angles of 60°-80°, which fell as the drop stood. Adhesive AA gave almost instantaneous wet out of the water drop. On a larger scale, 1000 lbs of adhesive AA was prepared in a sigma-blade mixer, fed molten into an extruder, and pelletized underwater.
All three samples EE-GG were readily wet out by a drop of water. The lower vinyl acetate content of adhesive EE makes it a harder product compared to sample GG.
In summary, the results show that these adhesives may be successfully used to form nonwoven disposable products. It will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments of the invention described above, without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims, and it is intended therefore, that all matter contained in the foregoing description shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not limitative of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 29, 1975
|Feb 19, 1980
|Chisso Corporation
|Method of forming autogenously bonded non-woven fabric comprising bi-component fibers
|Aug 1, 1979
|Nov 18, 1980
|Chisso Corporation
|Heat-adhesive composite fibers
|Nov 16, 1979
|May 26, 1981
|Chisso Corporation
|Heat-adhesive composite fibers and process for producing same
|Aug 6, 1982
|Feb 28, 1984
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Extrudable self-supporting hot melt adhesive sheet
|Mar 21, 1983
|Jul 3, 1984
|Hercules Incorporated
|Absorbent material
|Apr 21, 1983
|Oct 22, 1985
|Avery International Corp.
|Reduced build-up pressure-sensitive adhesives
|Dec 23, 1985
|Apr 7, 1987
|Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.
|Absorbent web structure
|Nov 15, 1989
|Nov 19, 1991
|The International Group, Inc.
|Wetness indicating hot-melt adhesives
|Oct 11, 1991
|Dec 8, 1992
|Ciba-Geigy Corporation
|Thermoplastic hot melt adhesive
|Dec 4, 1992
|Jun 21, 1994
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Elastomeric pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions exhibiting good cutting performance
|Oct 22, 1993
|Aug 30, 1994
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Hot melt wetness indicator
|Feb 16, 1993
|Feb 21, 1995
|Petrolite Corporation
|Repulpable laminating adhesive containing an elastomer, tackifier and a blend of an alkoxylated alcohol and a wax
|Feb 16, 1993
|May 9, 1995
|Petrolite Corporation
|Repulpable hot melt adhesive for packaging materials containing an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer having 40-60 weight percent of vinyl acetate units, a tackifier and a high molecular weight oxygen-containing polymer
|Feb 16, 1993
|Jul 25, 1995
|Petrolite Corporation
|Repulpable laminating adhesive containing an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer having 40-60 weight percent of vinyl acetate units, an oxygen-containing comound, a tackifier and a wax
|Feb 16, 1993
|Aug 15, 1995
|Petrolite Corporation
|Repulpable hot melt adhesives
|Mar 29, 1993
|Oct 10, 1995
|Danaklon A/S
|Bicomponent synthesis fibre and process for producing same
|Apr 12, 1994
|Dec 5, 1995
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Reactive wax-containing moisture curable hot melt composition
|Oct 24, 1994
|Jul 30, 1996
|Arizona Chemical Company
|Repulpable hot melt adhesives
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 8, 1999
|Sep 11, 2001
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|Hot melt adhesive composition including surfactant
|Oct 30, 1998
|Sep 18, 2001
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Topsheet systems for absorbent articles exhibiting improved hydrophilicity gradients
|Jun 21, 1996
|Apr 30, 2002
|Bostik Findley, Inc.
|Hydrophilic hot melt adhesive
|Sep 24, 2002
|Apr 6, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Hinged tab for slot and tab closure systems
|Jun 17, 2002
|Jul 20, 2004
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing Inc.
|Ethylene-vinyl acetate hot melt adhesive composition and article and method incorporating the same
|Sep 25, 2003
|Jan 25, 2005
|Adherent Laboratories, Inc.
|Low odor, light color, disposable article construction adhesive
|Apr 29, 2002
|Mar 1, 2005
|Bostik Findley, Inc.
|Hydrophilic hot melt adhesive
|Jan 23, 2003
|Apr 19, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Macro closure device for disposable articles
|Nov 5, 2001
|Sep 13, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Methods for producing composite webs with reinforcing discrete polymeric regions
|Nov 5, 2001
|May 2, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Systems and methods for composite webs with structured discrete polymeric regions
|May 7, 2002
|Apr 3, 2007
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Hot melt adhesive composition
|Nov 10, 2005
|Nov 4, 2008
|Adherent Laboratories, Inc.
|Low odor, light color, disposable article construction adhesive
|Aug 8, 2006
|May 19, 2009
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Shaped elastic tab laminates
|Apr 28, 2006
|Nov 24, 2009
|Multi-Color Corporation
|Heat transfer label
|Mar 5, 2007
|Mar 22, 2011
|Adherent Laboratories, Inc.
|Disposable diaper construction and adhesive
|Oct 2, 2009
|Nov 27, 2012
|Micronics, Inc.
|Microfluidic apparatus and methods for performing blood typing and crossmatching
|Mar 15, 2013
|Oct 21, 2014
|IFS Industries Inc.
|Hot melt adhesive
|Jun 12, 2014
|Sep 22, 2015
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Hot melt adhesive
|Oct 25, 2012
|Sep 29, 2015
|Micronics, Inc.
|Microfluidic apparatus and methods for performing blood typing and crossmatching
|Jan 31, 2014
|Nov 17, 2015
|IFS Industries Inc.
|Hot melt adhesive
|Jun 12, 2014
|Jan 26, 2016
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Article with tackifier-free adhesive
|Apr 27, 2012
|Oct 18, 2016
|Adherent Laboratories, Inc.
|Polyolefin based hot melt adhesive composition
|Dec 15, 2015
|Jan 31, 2017
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Article with tackifier-free adhesive
|Aug 18, 2015
|Jan 31, 2017
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Hot melt adhesive
|Apr 29, 2002
|Oct 31, 2002
|Bostik Findley, Inc.
|Hydrophilic hot melt adhesive
|Nov 5, 2001
|May 8, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company Office Of Intellectual Property Counsel
|Systems and methods for composite webs with structured discrete polymeric regions
|Nov 5, 2001
|May 8, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Composite webs with discrete elastic polymeric regions
|May 7, 2002
|Nov 13, 2003
|Haner Dale I.
|Hot melt adhesive composition
|Sep 25, 2003
|Jan 20, 2005
|Quinn Thomas H.
|Low odor, light color, disposable article construction adhesive
|Dec 22, 2003
|Jun 23, 2005
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Treated nonwoven material
|Apr 28, 2006
|Nov 1, 2007
|Multi-Color Corporation
|Heat transfer label
|May 9, 2005
|Dec 11, 2008
|Huntsman Polymers Corporation
|Hot-Melt Adhesive Compositions Based on Olefin Co-Polymers
|May 9, 2005
|Nov 11, 2009
|Hot-melt adhesive compositions based on olefin co-polymers
|May 9, 2005
|Nov 24, 2005
|Huntsman Polymers Corporation
|Hot-melt adhesive compositions based on olefin co-polymers
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 6, 1996
Owner name: NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL INVESTMENT HOLDING CO
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Customer Reviews Of:
Lowe Alpine Alpine Ascent Lite Soft Shell Pants (For Men)
Closeouts. Designed with technical mountaineering in mind, Alpine Ascent Lite pants from Lowe Alpine are lightweight, yet heavy-duty with quick-drying, moisture-wicking Stormweave fabric, and abrasion-resistant panels at the knees, seat and ankles for durability.
Average Rating based on 45 reviews 3.844444 0 5
Reviewed by Cheese Head from BC on Friday, August 7, 2015I was a little apprehensive to order these with the mixed reviews and odd angled photos. The pictures make the cuffs look more flared than the knee area. Thankfully they are pretty much straight legged. The material is top notch, and very comfortable. What a bargain for such awesome pants. The inseam on the XS is around 32 " They are pretty high waisted, which is fine with me, since I can never seem to wear low waisted pants comfortably.
Reviewed by lee from Truckee ca on Thursday, October 16, 2014Very odd pants. The back half of these consist off a very light woven mesh. Seemed a bit limiting to me, but if you lived in an area that did not have any wind coming from behind ; these are the pants for you. A shell pant this is not. The wind will blow up your backside faster than than you can ask your self... did I go out without any pants on? The odd zipper will be the smallest of your problems with these. It seems that Lowe ran into a problem with their mill but production could not be stopped in time. It is hard to believe that this was what the people stateside had in mind. It happens- but just not to me... I sent them back faster than I could say...burrrr.
Reviewed by lazyorc from Portland on Tuesday, February 4, 2014comfortable, high Quality,it's great pants.
Reviewed by Vincent from China on Monday, October 28, 2013Fit size, ift price,fit quality. I love it.
Reviewed by lim from Colorado on Thursday, April 25, 2013good~~~~
Verified Buyer Reviewed by kento from Omaha, NE on Thursday, January 31, 2013Pros: good pants for comfort. I recently wore them on a long drive, then a run and have slept in them too. Comfy and they dry super fast. Cons: The high waist makes then tend to sag and the zipper on the fly was installed with the zipper-pull down, so it kind of dangs there in an awkward location.
Verified Buyer Reviewed by nuevozealand from Greenville, SC on Wednesday, November 28, 2012Multiple materials used: abrasion resistant in high activity areas, thinner material on back of thighs, regular material everywhere else. Good slim fit all around although not too crazy about an internal drawstring waist - these aren't pajamas! Overall, nice fit, very functional, good utility and high quality.
Reviewed by climbnride from Waterloo, ON on Friday, October 19, 2012These are technical climbing and mountaineering pants, not hiking, travel or casual pants. The zipper is that way to allow convenient use when wearing a climbing harness. The drawstring waistband is to avoid buttons and snaps that would dig into you while in a hanging belay. The fabric choice allows unrestricted movement, light weight, avoids heat buildup, while protecting against wear at contact points with the rock. These are well-designed, quality pants, but if you aren't going to climb in them, there are other choices that may suit you better.
- Best Uses: Mountaineering, Rock climbing
- Length: Feels true to length
- Pros: Comfortable, High Quality, Unrestricted Movement
- Waist: Feels true to size
- Was this a gift?: No
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Bitburger from Seattle-ish WA on Wednesday, July 11, 2012I was expecting a consistent soft shell material that could be used for winter rain cover when doing sports or commuting by bike in the PNW.
These just fit oddly on me. They are actually two different materials and the drape (fit) just didn't work for me.
The waist was a true fit mnd they were slightly long but that wasn't the issue. They hung poorly and were tight around my calves.
Sometimes, you actually have to try things on:-)
I'm returning them.
- Cons: Poor Fit
- Describe Yourself: Casual Dresser
- Length: Feels too long
- Pros: Washes Well, Wrinkle-Free
- Waist: Feels true to size
- Was this a gift?: No
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Alpine lover from Salmon Id on Saturday, June 9, 2012Know what you are getting...These are not traditional hiking pants. The reinforcements in the seat, knees, ankle area is a tightly woven typical synthetic outdoor pant. The stretch panel area is more like a very light weight and stretchy ladies yoga t-shirt for lack of a better comparison. Very soft, comfy and breathable. This thinner material is covered in higher wear areas by the abrasion resistant material in the seat, knees and inner ankles. Even this fabric has some stretch. On the bottom of the knee reinforcement the seam is not stitched down across the upper shin. You can put your hand up to the top seem under the heavier material between the two. At first I thought this was annoying and silly but the added stretch for high flex climbing is actually functionally beneficial. These are not wear around after activity pants for town. The up to open zipper is great under a harness but means when zipped (down) the metal zipper pull looks like a little dangling thing a ma jig. No sleeve, flap, or nook to hide it. If you buy this stuff for its correct use you'll like these pants. If you buy it to look the part around town try something else. There is not a lot of warmth provided by the light stretch panel areas and wind goes right through it. If you want specific functionality you'll like them as much as I do. Great for active climbs or scrambles in warmer environs. The soft stretchy material makes them comfy to climb in you bag at the end of a day. I am a little leery about the durability of the thin stretch material but after 2 outings the strategic placement of the reinforcing fabric is working.
- Cons: Pucker stitched waist, Shoelace draw string wais
- Describe Yourself: Casual Dresser
- Length: Feels true to length
- Pros: 4 way stretch everywhere, Ankle zips, Breathable, Comfortable, High Quality, Zip up to open fly
- Waist: Feels true to size
- Was this a gift?: No

subset: commoncrawl


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Rodeway Inn & Suites Myerstown - Lebanon
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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TripAdvisor Reviews Quality Inn and Suites Lantern Lodge Myerstown
Travel Blogs from Myerstown
Niagara to Lancaster
... We had a weird tasting before our meal, all the things they use to make in the early days. I tried the six tastings, I have eaten everything from cheese made inside dead pigs guts, marrow from the pigs trotter, all the organs, birch beer, I forget all the others. I gagged a few times but was determined to try it all. If I wake up dead tomorrow I will know I have been poisoned. Was the best fun though, a lot of the guys chickened out before us ...
Fall fun!
... have 9/10's of the water that the Niagara Falls have go over them. Day two (Monday) took us to Kingston where we enjoyed a boat cruise through the Thousand Islands and some wandering around downtown and along the water front. An early start on Tuesday was needed so we could meet up with our nephew Justin as he graciously offered to give us a tour of his workplace - the downtown Toronto CBC office! This was topped off with a nice lunch ...
Amish country
... of historical trust. We then started exploring the green farming area of the plain people, learnt something today, it is not just Amish here, there is also a community of Mennonites (these are Amish ways but may use electricity and cars). It is amazing how big their houses and farms are and all very well kept. The washing makes me laugh it reminds me of the washing hanging at our family Bach, on a pulley system high in the air. We visited 2 working farms, they either ...
Mousse's Stroller and Amish Country
... it. Of course, those are not in existence. But a stroller was. So that is the way we are go to assure we can take Mousse to New York City this weekend when we are go to the big city.
In addition to going to Petsmart for the stroller, Sheila and I also explored Lancaster. Our first stop was Dutch Haven in Intercourse, PA. I never knew there was a Intercourse, PA. The town folks say "Virginia is ...
Day 3
I have no idea why it is called Valley Forge. The park has a surrounding feature that I think fits as a better description: Mount Misery. After making it up about 3-5 miles of hills, we ran into none other than Tim, the Godfather, Potopa. Provided with a nice lunch and the kindness of the staff who gave us the tip to put ice in our water bottles, I felt much more inclined to tackle the day's adventures.
Thanks Tim!!!


text:
Thon Case Line6 FBV-Shortboard
Case for Line6 FBV-Shortboard baseboard
- From 7 mm birch plywood
- 22 x 22 mm Aluminium edges
- At least 1 cm of foam padding
- 1x Case handle
- 2x Butterfly catches
- Small rounded edges from steel
- 4x Rubber feet
- Space for power supply and cables
- Devices can be operated from out of the lower part of the case
- Manufactured in Germany
- Outer dimensions (WxHxD): 61 x 15.5 x 40 cm
- Weight 5.34 kg
- Weight with base board: 9.1 kg
- Colour: Phenol brown
Customers that were interested in Thon Case Line6 FBV-Shortboard, have then bought these products
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Offers include 21% Belgium VAT and are valid as long as stocks last. Shipping costs to Belgium are 2,50 EUR, free shipping on orders above 49 EUR. Please click here for international Shipping rates. We do not accept liability for typographical errors or inaccurate information of any kind. *RRP = manufacturer's / distributor's recommended retail price in Germany


text:
This is like a heavy-handed and humourless version of Spike Jonze's postmodern comedy Her, mulched in with the old sci-fi novel Donovan's Brain, about keeping someone's brain alive in a tank. We are invited to believe in Johnny Depp as a mathematical genius in the field of artificial intelligence.
He is the megabrainy Dr Will Caster who decides to "transcend" his puny bioform and upload his entire consciousness – that whole magnetic personality of his – to a specially built, warehouse-sized mainframe in the desert in which his activities become increasingly disturbing. Unfortunately, with his zonked-out face and barista facial hair, Depp looks as if his entire mind could be comfortably housed in one of Alan Sugar's Amstrad PCWs.
Rebecca Hall plays his adoring wife: sleepy-eyed Mr Depp's performance is less than 100% focused on the idea that he is supposed to be married to her. Paul Bettany is lumbered with the role of Concerned Best Friend, and Morgan Freeman plays a scientist – a respected colleague and someone whose wisdom is massively valued. Freeman looks upon Depp with an expression of sorrowing concern and priestly understanding in the same 4:1 ratio as when he was playing Nelson Mandela thinking about apartheid.
The whole idea of Depp evolving into some HAL computer with his lovely chops on the screen is a less attractive idea than, say, Derek Zoolander doing the same thing, preserving himself for all time within the top-secret research division of his Institute for Kids Who Can't Read Good.


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text: Hi guys, I'm new to the forum, but have been lurking around for a few months when a previous thread helped me diagnose a BSOD for my friend. Sorry guys...I read the 'rules' for BSOD help requests but due to the nature of my problem, no .dmp files are attainable. I've got a problem that was sprung on to me yesterday, I continualy get blue screens of death on the startup of windows. I'll post the message and then how it happened...(my computer is a dell xps m1530 running windows 7 professional 64 bit) TURN ON COMP "Windows failed to start.A recent softwaare or hardware change might be the cause." Gives me an option for Launch Startup Repair and Start windows normally Both of these options gives me this: BLUE SCREEN: "A problem has been detected and windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer CLFS.SYS PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA (the normal blurb) Technical Information: *** STOP: 0x00000050 (0xFFFFF8A000FA54E8, 0x000000000000, 0xFFFFF88000C998F7, 0x000000000002) *** CLFS.SYS - Adress FFFFF88000C998F7 base at FFFFF88000c79000, Datestamp 4a5bc11d" I have tried booting from safe mode and even booting from a Dell Windows 7 professional reinstallation disc. I originally got the software through msdnaa at my university. Yesterday: The only changes I made (and think may be the problem) was I was updating/ fooling around with my ASIO drivers. I was using a recent project of mine, a converted acoustic to electric drumkit with BFD lite standalone (which uses ASIO4all). All was working well and i have used this in the past, however, i was trying to find a way to run 2 applications with ASIO4all so i could play along to a track without havigng to bring my external soundcard to the other room....so I installed winamp, foobar2000, a multi asio app from steinburg and the plugins to allow winamp and foobar to use asio output. The weird thing in the blue screen didnt crash my computer...I just did a normal restart to 'flush' my computer after all those installs and tinkering around, and the blue screen hapened If I could even get this thing running in safe mode so i could grab files and do a fresh reinstall I'd be happy! I hope thats enough info! Thanks in advance for your responses...I await patiently! -Kamanda


text:
You Are Not Alone
A message to anyone who feels trampled upon, unloved, hurt, bullied... anything that makes you feel less than the incredible person that you are is not worth your time. Speak up and end hate.
It's difficult to try and capture a specific moment in words, because language is limited. How do I describe in full accuracy how my throat aches because I've been crying? How I can still feel the dirt that's been shifted by the streams of tears that drove down my cheeks. And that slightly sticky sensation when the tears have dried in the lines of your neck, and everything feels hot and odd because of something outside of yourself.
It's like trying to explain every muscle movement in the face of someone overcome by emotion. We try, but the words we spin can't match the images we see; someone fighting the tears, an angry woman, a distraught old man. You see that muscle flex in the jaw? When it could mean so many things, and only by pairing it with the eyes, the mouth, the hands... we're powerless to convey our own emotions. They are not concrete; we cannot hold them.
But that doesn't mean we shouldn't try.
This is a message to anyone who has ever been hurt, been bullied, been stepped on, belittled, crushed, toyed with or used. Anyone who has felt like their opinions, their beliefs, their life doesn't matter.
You are not alone.
People tell you that all the time. You see it on posters for support groups you don't want to go to, because what if you're worse than them? What if they turn on you too? Or what if your problems are nothing to theirs, and you're just fishing for attention? What if?
If the entire world asked what if? nothing would ever get done. And those bullies, those people who belittle you, they wouldn't act the way they do. Because they don't think. They're mindless when they turn on you. And in most cases, they do that because something has or is happening to them too.
But that is no reason to hurt others. Sometimes, you can say something you don't truly mean, or you shouldn't say to someone. You can do things you didn't want to do, in your heart. But you did or said it anyway.
But these people are not alone either.
You are not alone, and neither are they.
Stand up. It's hard, and it might hurt. But tell someone, share with someone you trust. Share with someone who can do something about it. Tell someone who can help you to fend them off. Tell someone who can stand by your side and say 'no. You should stop hurting this person.'
We live in a world where hierarchy rules, and sometimes, those at the bottom get hurt. Sometimes, those in the middle, or at the top do too.
I guess what I'm trying to say is, while words might not be able to fully express how you feel, they can go a long way in changing why you feel the way you do. And while actions can express how you feel louder than words, it is unwise to use the weapon of your aggressor, because then you become the reason for the twitch of someone else's muscle, the tears on someone else's cheek.
So please know, you can always find someone who can understand how you feel before you've even said a word. Because someone else has always been hurt too.
Speak Up. No Hate. Find Love.
~ "Happiness can be found even in the darkest of times, when one only remembers to turn on the light."


text:
Kuantan Hotels
Where to Stay in Pahang
Editor's Guide to Recommended Hotels in Pahang
Pahang straddles a thick mountain range that forms Peninsular Malaysia's backbone. The country's third-largest state is home to some of its best off-the-beaten-track attractions and tourism remains its principal income generator. From the grand jungles of the Taman Negara National Park and the lotus-filled Tasik Chini (Chini Lake) to the near-pristine beaches of Pulau Tioman and the surf haven of Cherating, Pahang's tourism starlets are perfect for outdoor action. Just three hours from Kuala Lumpur, the state capital is Kuantan – a major stop on most bus routes that head north, south or across the peninsula. Here you'll find beaches, jungles and indigenous tribes instead of having to face the crowds at Malaysia's more popular and well-known destinations.Read More
- Batu Caves, Royal Selangor & Batik Half-Day Tour
- Nature & Elephant Sanctuary Tour
- Aquaria KLCC Admission
- Dining in the Clouds at the KL Tower with Transfer
- Kuala Lumpur Tower Observation Deck
- Half-Day City Highlights Tour
- Batu Caves & Handicraft Half-Day Tour
- Best City Highlights Half-Day Tour
- Genting Highlands Full-Day Tour
- Tropical Rainforest Nature Half-Day Tour


text:
Lounge and Bar
Come enjoy the atmosphere in our stylish, comfortable lounges. Just the right setting to unwind, relax, meet and socialize with friends and family - before and after the show.
Whether you're enjoying an appetizer and cocktails before the show or coffee and a dessert after ... you are sure to walk away fully contented.
Please click below to view our Menus:
- Atlanta, GA - Town Brookhaven
- Baltimore, MD - The Rotunda
- Cary, NC - Waverly Place
- Doral, FL - CityPlace Doral - Now Open
- Liberty Township, OH - Liberty Center
- Hampton, VA - Peninsula Town Center
- Miami, FL - Dolphin Mall
- Richmond, VA - Stony Point Fashion Park
- Sarasota, FL - Southgate
- Tampa, FL - Hyde Park Village
- Tampa/Wesley Chapel, FL - Grove 16
- Vail, CO - Solaris


text: The online training programme in information assurance & security offers a broad-based programme of study with emphasis on preparation of information systems security professionals, senior system managers, and system administrators responsible for information systems and security of those systems. This training and study will prepare professionals to be leaders in information assurance & security in both government and industry with a global outlook, interpersonal skill, leadership and management skills, and discipline awareness. The curriculum focuses on the practices, policies, operational procedures and technology, and the future of information assurance. A rigorous online course with practical application within the discipline will give student's an integrative experience applicable to their current or future workplace.


text:
January 14th, 2008
If you like cooking with beer, try the beer steamed mussels.
Beer Butt Chicken Recipe
Okay, so I was hoping to post this over the weekend but football playoffs proved to be a little distraction. Speaking of, this Beer Butt Chicken Recipe may be what your next football gathering is missing!
Just like any other American who has numerous Thanksgiving feast experiences under the belt, I am a huge fan of the roast turkey. But the idea that we have to wait all year to have a roasted bird is just absurd. However, the commitment of brining and roasting the beast is more than just a quick chore. As a kid growing up in another country, the roaster of the choice for my family was chicken. Although it may not sound as grand, never underestimate the power of a perfectly roasted chicken.
Roast chicken can be comforting, satisfying, and impressive if well executed. I try to buy my chicken when it is on sale for under $1.00/pound. I grab a couple birds, cook one of them immediately and usually freeze the other for later use. But don't forget that roasting two chickens is just as easy as roasting one, and the leftover chicken could be used throughout the week for sandwiches, salad, quesadillas, soups, pasta, and etc. Broiler chickens you see at most grocery stores are about 12 weeks in age, making them extremely juicy and tender. I typically go for ones that weigh in around 4~5 lbs.
For those of you scared of roasting a chicken, wanting to wow your dining guest, or even just looking for an escape from grilling yet another burger; behold, the beer butt chicken!
Beer Butt Chicken Recipe
Olive Oil
Whole Chicken
Kosher Salt
Fresh Pepper
Can of beer
How to Make Beer Butt Chicken
1. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees; make sure that it is heated all the way, don't throw the bird in to the cold oven. Check the temperature using an oven thermometer.2. Open the can of beer, take a good swig, and enjoy the cold refreshing drink.
2. If you take small drinks take another sip leaving just over half the liquid in the can. Resist the temptation of finishing what is left, you need this for the roasting. The beer will make the chicken exceptionally juicy and moist.
3. Set chicken on can, inserting can into the cavity of the chicken. The chicken should be standing on its legs supported by the beer can inserted in the cavity, hence the name of beer butt chicken. Lightly oil, using enough to make the entire surface of the meat glisten, but not so much that you leave a puddle.
It's nice to have an inexpensive tool like this one, if you are new at it.
4. Season the chicken well. Kosher salt and freshly ground peppers are all the seasonings you need. Most people go too easy on them, I say don't be shy. See below for other seasoning variations.
5. Place baking sheet with beer and chicken in the pre-heated oven. Word of advice: two sets of hands here are better than one! The chicken is done when the internal temperature reaches 180 degrees. For a 4~5lbs bird, you are looking at any where from an hour to an hour and half, at the most. But don't let the time decide the fate of your dinner guests; stick an
instant read thermometerto make sure that you don't undercook, or even worse overcook.
6. Once the chicken is done, let the bird rest for 10~15 minuets so that your guest have time to view and wow over it :) Okay, so this is to allow the juices to settle back into the meat, but there's nothing wrong with impressing. Remove the chicken from the beer can using oven mitts and spring-loaded tongs. Be very careful, the can is still very hot. All BBQ aficionado's will agree,
insulated food glovescomes in super handy for occasions as such. Again, two sets of hands are best.
The end result, is roasted chicken without the usual hassle. Brown and crusty all over, juicy and flavorful inside; and some argue, superior to the standard oven roasted bird.
Variation: Beer Can Chicken
Try adding the spice/herb listed below to your classic salt and pepper seasoning.
- 1/4 cup of minced rosemary and crushed and minced garlic
- 1/4 teaspoon each of cayenne pepper, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, dried oregano
- Ground coriander, cumin, and cayenne pepper equal portions
Feel free to get creative here and don't be shy about sharing your seasoning combination in the comments section below!
If you enjoyed this recipe,
Thanks for visiting!
114 Responses to "Beer Butt Chicken Recipe"
May 22nd, 2011 at 6:57 am
Oh yes. I found what I was looking for, Yumi! The chicken was a absolute smash. I had just gotten a new mortar and pestle yesterday and put it to use on grinding the coriander seeds.
Thanks to all and may your post-Rapture beer butt chicken always be YUM!
Todd Says:
May 26th, 2011 at 5:21 pm
For those of you who are non drinkers fear not, the alcohol is the first thing to boil off so using a non-alcoholic beer is moot, it's the malt flavoring that accentuates the chicken. I rub with EVOO, mix several seasonings including garlic salt, Adobo with a touch of Webers Smoky mesquite and sea salt.
let's face it, this is a damn hard recipe to mess up!
peg Says:
June 27th, 2011 at 9:06 am
I have the ceramic beer butt oven bowl. The last time I used it, the chicken took over two hours and never got a crispy crust like your picture. What did I do wrong? Was it the rub? I cooked it at 350 degrees. Should I try 375? I am trying it again tonight. Really want that great crusty skin this time! Thanks for your help.
admin Says:
June 27th, 2011 at 11:44 am
Peg, have you tested your oven for accuracy? Put an oven thermometer at the center of the oven and set the oven to 350 degrees F. After 20 minutes, check the temperature indicated on the thermometer. If it's not within 5 degrees, you should adjust the dial on your oven control.
peg Says:
June 27th, 2011 at 12:17 pm
thanks for the quick response, I will try that right now!
admin Says:
June 27th, 2011 at 12:39 pm
You are welcome Peg! Let us know if that does not work, we can figure something out.
Paco Says:
July 12th, 2011 at 11:49 am
I like cooking mine with a can of Squirt. Recently, a friend of mine introduced me to a Mexican seasoning called Chef Merito-Pollo, which I will try this time.
The first time I wanted to try the whole beer butt chicken thingy, I had my hubby pick up a chicken on his way home & sure enough he brought me a small turkey… now we joke about making beer butt turkey, but I still had fun & it still tasted great…
I loved reading all the comments even though some are 3-4 years old. I highly reccomend the stand, very inexpensive.
chuck Says:
August 21st, 2011 at 12:59 pm
how come mine was dry?
admin Says:
August 21st, 2011 at 1:39 pm
Hey Chuck, how long did you cook in the oven/grill and what temperature?
Sarah Says:
September 3rd, 2011 at 12:03 pm
Thank you for giving an oven option versus grilling. I soak my chicken in Coke (or any cola) overnight and turn it over in the morning before cooking that night for dinner. I pat the chicken dry and prepare as you suggest sans oil. So tender and good!
admin Says:
September 3rd, 2011 at 12:48 pm
that sounds great, perhaps we will try the cola soak this weekend, thanks for sharing your tip Sarah. Have a great labor day weekend!
Rudy Says:
November 25th, 2011 at 5:35 pm
Today is Black Friday: Went to the store. Buy one chicken and get the 2nd for free not bad for today. I can't wait to eat dinner with my family….party in the house/….
Whitaker Sofia Says:
January 3rd, 2012 at 1:09 pm
This has to be one of my favorite posts! And on top of thats its also very useful topic for newbies. cheers a lot for the info!
Surya Says:
January 3rd, 2012 at 1:22 pm
Thanks for this awesomely fun, easy and successful recipe. According to my South African barbecue expert husband it was the best home-made chicken he has ever had. As an addition, I laid potatoes, carrots and onions on the same pan around the sitting bird and they, too were delicious. 1 hour in the oven at 180 degrees (celsius) and everything was done.


text:
Not one of my best chapters but it's mostly talking and fighting, more talking really, so please bare with me and tell me what you think. I'm thinking about rewriting it, but wanted to know the thoughts of everyone who's reading this story first. :3
Disclaimer: Do not own Code Lyoko
Chapter 2
~Forest sector~
"The tower is just south of you." Jeremie's voice said from above them as they landed safely in the forest sector. "Sorry guys you're going to have to go on foot, I can't virtualize the overwing until at least one of the towers are deactivated, there taking up to many resources."
"Great looks like we're back to going on foot." Yumi said.
"Oh come on Yumi it's not that bad." Aelita said before running off, Yumi took off after her and soon pulled ahead. (Have you noticed she's the slowest runner?)
They hadn't been running very long when Jeremie's voice sounded over head again. "Tower dead ahead, but watch out XANA's sent some monsters."
"Well what do you expect? To activate five towers at once the way he did he has to be up to something big." Yumi said panting slightly.
Once the girls had the tower in sight a borage of red lasers headed toured them, and they were forced to duck behind a small grouping of trees for cover.
"Hold on. Well that's weird." Jeremie said to himself.
"What is it Jeremie?" Aelita asked taking out one of the five Kankrelat's that was firing at them as Yumi took out one of the two Krab's
"It seems that a timer has been set up on the supercomputer."
"Really? Can you tell what it's for?" Yumi asked taking out two Kankrelat's with her fan, but getting hit with a laser to do so.
There was a pause and then a sigh. "No, but I think it has to do with whatever XANA's up to."
"How much time left?" Aelita asked almost afraid to know.
"Less than an hour."
"What we can't deactivate five towers in less than an hour when we have all these monsters to fight!" Yumi glared at said monsters.
"I know I'm working on it, just try to hang on till Odd and Ulrich gets here."
"Alright, how many life points do I have left?"
"Um. . . Yumi-60, Aelita-80."
"Great, tell Ulrich and Odd to hurry it up." Yumi said taking down the last monster, but also taking another laser to the arm and taking 10 more points of damage.
"Will do." At that moment on Jeremie's end the elevator doors opened to reveal Odd. "Where's Ulrich?"
"He had to stay behind to explain, he should be here soon."
"Any attacks yet?"
"No not yet."
"Hum that's strange five activated towers and no attack, anyways get down to the scanners Yumi's been asking for you." He smiled.
"Well who am I to make a lady wait?" Odd grinned and pushed the elevator button to go down to the scanner room.
Jeremie turned back to the computer. "Odd's on the way Yumi, go on ahead to the tower we haven't a minute to loss."
Yumi and Aelita continued down the one-way path to the tower, only to be stopped by a mega tank right before Aelita could enter it. Before they had a chance to attack the Mega tank launched its laser (Not really sure what to call it) and devitalized Yumi. Aelita ran behind a tree and started charging her energy field.
"Hurry up Odd Aelita's all alone!" Jeremie yelled freaking out.
"Almost there Einstein." Odd had the Mage tank in his sights and was ready to fire when it opened up its shell only to have it explode before he could. He then saw Aelita running toured the tower. "Wow I feel needed." He pouted.
"Don't worry Odd there's still four more to go." Jeremie said as the tower deactivated. "Wow, this is insane."
"What?" Aelita asked exiting the tower and moving to stand by Odd.
"I just took a look at the count down and even though it's still going its slower now. Whatever XANA's doing its obvious that he doesn't need all five towers, but its making the process go much faster."
"Yes, but can we deactivate all the towers with in the time limit?"
"I don't know, but we have to try. Now that I can send you the overboard things should go a lot faster." Jeremie pressed the enter button after programing the overboard, virtualizing it right in front of Odd and Aelita. "Head North to the way tower."
"Way to go Einstein." Odd said back flipping onto the overboard then waited for Aelita to climb on behind him before taking off for the way tower.
~Mountain sector~
"Ok Einstein we're in the Mountain sector, where's the tower?"
"Take the path in front of you and it should lead you to the tower on the next Plato." Jeremie turned toured the elevator as the doors opened and Yumi stepped out. "Welcome back to Earth Yumi."
"Sorry Jeremie, any word from Ulrich?" Yumi asked as she came to stand beside him at the computer.
"Not yet, I was about to call him." Jeremie typed in Ulrich's number, Ulrich's face popped up as he answered the phone. (You all should know what this looks like ) "Hey Ulrich where are you?"
"I'm on the bridge, it took longer than expected to get away from Sissy's father."
"Alright head straight to the scanner room; Yumi's been devitalized, we still have four towers to deactivate, and it seems that there's a time limit."
"Wow anything else? How much of a time limit?"
"We only have fifteen more minutes." Jeremie said solemnly.
"Alright I'm in the elevator, worm up the scanners for me."
"You got it." Jeremie hung up. "Helps on the way Odd."
"It's about time." Said Odd shooting a laser arrow at a Hornet. "By the way thanks for the heads up." three Hornets had come out of nowhere and attacked them. (Hornets are my least favorite monsters.)
"Sorry, it looks like there are only three of them at the moment. No other monsters in sight." Jeremie was typing and started the vitalization process as Ulrich stepped into the scanner. "Transfer Ulrich, scanner Ulrich, virtualization."
Ulrich pixelated a few feet above the mountain floor (Don't know what else to call it), and landed on his overbike. "Great timing Jer."
"I know." You could hear the smile in his voice. "Now take the path in front of you; Odd and Aelita need your help, and we're running out of time."
"I'm on it." He said zooming off.
Ok I was going to write more than this before I updated but I'm really having writer's block about what to write next.
Reviews are always needed! Please tell me anything you would like to see happen because it could inspire great ideas.


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Pack less. Be more.
Home › Forums › General Forums › Food, Hydration, and Nutrition › Pathogenic organisms sickness
@jrowlingLocale: Great Lakes Area
What is a hiker to do if his water filtration method fails and the hiker falls deathly sick? I've tried to search BPL for a article but could not find one. I've used the MSR Mini Works filter and have never had a problem. But….who knows.
Thanks! John
@ouzelLocale: Pacific Northwest/Sierra
Consider carrying a wide spectrum antibiotic like Levaquin. If that doesn't work in ~2 days, you've probably got a parasite, in which case stay hydrated and c__p your way to the nearest trailhead, then start hitchin' into town.
Tom said, "and c__p your way to the nearest trailhead"
@jrowlingLocale: Great Lakes Area
Thanks for the advice on the Levaquin. I'll chheck that out.
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Very cute die cut and it works so well. Have not had any trouble with paper sticking in the after cutting it and the cuts are very sharp and clean.
Have tried Sizzix and other brands of the double adhesive sheets and these work also. Don't remember the price I paid for them but you might check them out price wise and see if they aren't cheaper than the other brands.
Refreshed a well used ink pad to make it like new again.
Added this one to my refills for future use when the ink pad gets dry.
Always like to buy the refills for the distress pads and then if the colors are discontinued I have a refill.
Refreshed another well used ink pad!
Another distress ink pad made new with the refill!
Made a well used distress ink pad new again!
Does a great job refreshing a well used distress ink pad.
Very pretty and an excellent addition to a Winter card
Another framelit so you don't have to cut by hand.
Like the framelits because you don't have to cut the design out by hand.
I love this handy dandy organizer! I like my stuff organized and in plain sight.
Bought this set specifically for the checkerboard for a background I saw for a card.
Great for 4th of July cards - have done several cards on glossy paper - brayering first then embossing. Have noticed that it does tear the glossy cardstock.
Easy to use
Like it. Just need to work on not getting outer lines from the roller to show.
Saw this stamp used on Turquoise paper with white embossing. Beautiful!
Saw this used on a card and really liked it.
I used this stamp at a friends house and liked it so much I had to have it too.
Great set for use with the Copic markers.


text:
10 Minute Sponge Pudding
Recipe by dimensionally transcendental
I have no idea where I found this recipe but of all the sponge pudding recipes I have tried this is the easiest, nicest and most versatile. I don't use any other.
Top Review by Pneuma
love the taste! It's like having hotcake with maple syrup but way better. DH knew right away it was a pudding with just one bite. Only thing that cost a star was that it didn't rise evenly as I'd expect which was a bit disappointing. I'll be making this again next time, maybe the outcome would be different. Thanks! Made for Spring PAC 2009.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 100 g self raising flour
- 100 g unsalted butter
- 100 g sugar
- 30 ml milk
- 2 eggs (beaten)
- vanilla essence (optional)
- lemon zest (optional)
- 3 tablespoons golden syrup (or jam, maple syrup etc)
Directions See How It's Made
- Cream the butter and sugar together.
- Add the eggs and vanilla essence.
- Add the flour, milk and lemon zest.
- Put the golden syrup in the bottom of a two pint bowl.
- Spoon the mixture on top.
- Cover and place in the microwave.
- Cook on high for 3.5 minutes. Sometimes, the pudding needs another 1.5 minutes on top of this.
- Variations: Any flavourings can be omitted or added. For example, add raisins (leaving our the syrup) and you have spotted dick!


text:
Blogging about Slimming World, Food, Making Money Online and Reviews on New Products and Services
Hello, my name is Sarah I'm 29 and live in the midlands, UK. I started this blog early 2015 and I write about two key interests in my life at the moment
1. Health - I'm currently on a mission to lose 10 stone on Slimming World, so I write about that as well as discussing latest health/exercise trends/ news in the media that relate to me.
2. Money - How to be a savvy shopper but also making extra cash by doing very little (sorry no millionaire stories here lol)
You'll also find a bit of random natter too
Me facts...
Favourite author: Sophie Kinsella
Favourite colour: Shades of pinks and blues
Favourite film: Love Actually
Pet hate: The mix-up between bought and brought arhhh
Connect with me on my social profiles (links in the footer) and subscribe to new blog posts here:
You can also email me if you'd like to work with me email@example.com
I like to receive snapchats so add me: srh1987
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By Ann Oldenburg, USA TODAY
Survivor kicks off its 13th season tonight on CBS (8 ET/PT) amid controversy over dividing the four tribes into blacks, whites, Asians and Hispanics.
The NAACP, in a statement this week, did not condemn the show but used the topic to focus on the lack of minorities in the entertainment industry as a whole.
"Whether we like the concept or not — and, for the record, we do not — it is premature to judge the show purely on conjecture. We will judge the show on what we see, and we will monitor the public response."
As for advertisers pulling out, CBS spokesman Chris Ender says: "Reports of advertiser defection have been greatly exaggerated and erroneously reported. The show has a full roster of advertisers."
David Lyle, general manager of Fox Reality cable channel, says this is a mere Survivor tempest that will do no long-term damage.
"The real problem is when the stunt swamps the show. And this stunt, regardless of what you think of it in socio-responsible terms, will only last for a few weeks before the tribes are melded," he says. "The device won't get in the way of the structure of the show. It could be inflammatory, but you can bet that all the players will be interesting characters who will get down to playing the game. And then it'll be business as usual."
So will this season of Survivor turn out to be a big publicity brouhaha that does no more than briefly boost ratings? Or will this stunt become a seriously offensive move that elevates Survivor into the ranks of Reality's Worst Ideas, a hall of fame that already includes:
•Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?Rick Rockwell, who claimed to be a millionaire, married Darva Conger on the spot in this 2000 Fox show. It was revealed that he wasn't a millionaire, and just days after the honeymoon, the couple had the marriage annulled. Conger later posed for Playboy.
•Married by America.Five single men and women met and became engaged on this suggestive Fox show that aired in spring 2003. Each week, the couples were tested, and marriage counselors deemed them compatible or not. At the end, no one agreed to get married, so the $500,000 prize went unclaimed. But not unused. Responding to public complaints (one episode featured an underwear-clad man being spanked by two strippers), the FCC fined Fox TV stations more than $1.1 million.
•Mr. Personality.Hosted by infamous intern Monica Lewinsky, the 2003 show featured Hayley Arp as a bachelorette who faced suitors wearing masks to ensure she chose for personality, not looks. Lackluster ratings led Fox to cut the finale from two hours to one.
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•Amish in the City.Much advance angst was wrought over the idea of this 2004 show focusing on rumspringa, the rite-of-passage tradition in which Amish teens are encouraged to try taboo activities such as drinking and smoking. The setup: Six non-Amish lived with five Amish teens. Thanks to the controversy, it opened well for UPN, then faded quickly.
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•Brat Camp.Troubled teens unwillingly were sent by parents to a wilderness camp in this five-episode 2005 ABC series. Child advocates, doctors and police officers questioned whether the tough-love therapy was appropriate and whether Brat exploited serious problems for entertainment.


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Earth-quake resistant RCC structure
Black granite platform with stainless steel sink
Full height designer tile dado
Provision for water purifier
Separate storage and supply system for drinking water in kitchen
Sand faced plaster for external surface
Neeru finished plaster for internal surfaces
Concealed copper wiring
Adequate electrical points in every room
24" X 24" good quality vitrified tiles in all rooms
Designer ceramic flooring in toilets
Special anti-skid ceramic flooring for terraces
Jaguar or equivalent make CP bath fittings in all toilets
Good quality sanitary ware in all toilets
Geyser point in bathroom
Concealed plumbing
Designer dado tiles upto lintel level
3 track powder coated aluminum shutter with mosquito mesh
Elegantly designed safety grill
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by Chelsea Pine
"Thanks," said the robin
As he took the nuts from the squirrel.
"You're welcome," said the squirrel
As he gave the nuts to the robin.
This was the product of trying to help Brittany find something to write her poem about at 1 a.m.
from Pasadena with love,


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|Reviews for Sweet Cinnamon of Mine
| LizzWeasley chapter 1 . 7/12/2007
Yep, I bet she couldn't... lol
| dancerrdw chapter 1 . 4/6/2007
aw that was cute
| writer02135 chapter 1 . 9/26/2006
Ahh this is absolutely great! You are a great author
| Sweet Crystal Roses chapter 1 . 9/10/2006
really liked it ... but there was one thing i didn't really get lol hermione never got to taste cinnamon for the first time, wasn't that the point of the story?
| journeyforever chapter 1 . 9/9/2006
I love it!
| Emma-Lynn chapter 1 . 9/9/2006
that didn't really make sense. you said she was remebering when she first had cinnamon...but she never said anything about cinnamon in the momery you wrote. even the cookies were chocolate. unless she tasted cinnamon when she kissed ron, but she should have wrote that in there, or ron could have suggested adding cinnamon to her cookies. other than that is was a really cute idea!
| Princess-Kaurwaki chapter 1 . 9/9/2006
I liked it...so ron and hermione are married in this one i guess...I still liked it though