text:
Effects of a contoured articular prosthetic device on tibiofemoral peak contact pressure: a biomechanical study
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-007-0416-7
- Cite this article as:
- Becher, C., Huber, R., Thermann, H. et al. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr (2008) 16: 56. doi:10.1007/s00167-007-0416-7
Many middle-aged patients are affected by localized cartilage defects that are neither appropriate for primary, nor repeat biological repair methods, nor for conventional arthroplasty. This in vitro study aims to determine the peak contact pressure in the tibiofemoral joint with a partial femoral resurfacing device (HemiCAP®, Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, MA, USA). Peak contact pressure was determined in eight fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens using a Tekscan sensor placed in the medial compartment above the menisci. A closed loop robotic knee simulator was used to test each knee in static stance positions (5°/15°/30°/45°) with body weight ground reaction force (GRF), 30° flexion with twice the body weight (2tBW) GRF and dynamic knee-bending cycles with body weight GRF. The ground reaction force was adjusted to the living body weight of the cadaver donor and maintained throughout all cycles. Each specimen was tested under four different conditions: Untreated, flush HemiCAP® implantation, 1-mm proud implantation and 20-mm defect. A paired sampled t test to compare means (significance, P ≤ 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. On average, no statistically significant differences were found in any testing condition comparing the normal knee with flush device implantation. With the 1-mm proud implant, statistically significant increase of peak contact pressures of 217% (5° stance), 99% (dynamic knee bending) and 90% (30° stance with 2tBW) compared to the untreated condition was seen. No significant increase of peak contact pressure was evaluated with the 20-mm defect. The data suggests that resurfacing with the HemiCAP® does not lead to increased peak contact pressure with flush implantation. However, elevated implantation results in increased peak contact pressure and might be biomechanically disadvantageous in an in vivo application.
KeywordsOsteochondral defect Tibiofemoral joint Articular prosthetic device Peak contact pressure Knee biomechanics
In 50% of the patients undergoing routine arthroscopy, articular cartilage defects are detected [6]. The majority of cartilage lesions are observed in patients over the age of 40 years [6, 11]. Approximately 20% of these lesions were categorized as full thickness cartilage defects (Grade IV) [6]. The average defect size in 1,000 knee arthroscopies was 2.1 cm2 with 42% of these defects being between 2 to 4 cm2 in area [11]. Location of the lesions are predominantly on the medial femoral condyle [6, 11]. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that a relationship exists between larger defect size and degeneration of the articular surface. Linden et al. [19] demonstrated that the presence of a significant chondral defect is associated with a much higher incidence of osteoarthritis than occurs in the general population. Hughston et al. [13] showed that larger osteochondral defects are associated with a poorer clinical outcome than smaller defects.
The treatment for articular cartilage defects offers a great variety of options depending on the severity of the damage. The main factors to be considered are the patient age, the size of the lesion, the location of the defect, and further damage to the joint. Biological repair techniques, such as autologeous chondrocyte transplantation, osteochondral transplantation (OATS, Mosaicplasty) and marrow stimulation techniques are proposed for the treatment of localized cartilage defects in younger patients with a normal weight bearing axis and no further damage to the joint [3, 8]. However, many middle aged patients are affected by localized cartilage damage and are neither fit for biological repair methods, nor for traditional resurfacing techniques such as unicompartimental or total joint replacement. A contoured articular prosthetic unicondylar femoral resurfacing prosthesis (HemiCAP®, Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, MA, USA) was developed to offer a treatment option among the currently used modalities. It is intended for use as a partial resurfacing device of the femoral condylar surface of the knee when only one compartment is affected by posttraumatic, degenerative disease or necrosis associated with large unstable articular defects with significant subchondral bone exposure.
However, it is unknown if the femoral resurfacing device leads to increased peak contact pressure to the opposing biological structures such as meniscus and articular cartilage of the tibial plateau.
The purpose of our study was to determine peak contact pressures in the medial compartment of human cadaveric knees under different loading conditions comparing the normal articular surface to flush and proud HemiCAP® implantation and defect. Based on the experimental study, biomechanical device safety on opposing structures can be assessed and a guideline might be given to the clinician for prosthetic implantation while avoiding potentially damaging effects.
Materials and methods
Knee joints
A total of eight fresh-frozen knee cadaver specimens (3 pairs, 2 single) were used for data collection in this study. The specimens were obtained from donors, who consented in writing during their lifetime to the use of their body for research and education. The average age of the seven male and one female specimen was 71 years (range 61–81) with an average weight of 71 kg (range 62–85). Specimens were selected after inspection of the medial compartment according to the following criteria: Intact femorotibial cartilage, intact meniscus, and intact collateral and cruciate ligaments. Thirteen specimens were excluded following these criteria. Another six specimens were excluded due to specimen failure during the testing procedure: The reason for exclusion was fracture of the femur or tibial plateau (2 specimens), rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (2 specimens) or rupture of the patella tendon (2 specimens). All specimen failures were female human cadaver knees.
A 0.1 mm thin electronic pressure measuring sensor (K-scan 4000, Tekscan, Boston, MA, USA) was placed in the medial compartment above the menisci and fixed with sutures in a manner that no displacement was possible. The sensor consists of load-sensing regions oriented in a grid with 1.27 mm spacing between rows and columns. Each region is referred to a sensel with piezo-resistive pigments to determine the total compressive load within that region. The size of the sensor is 28 × 33 mm with 62 sensels/cm2. The K-scan sensor was successfully used in comparable applications by several authors [18, 21, 25, 31].
The HemiCAP® implant (Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, MA, USA) is a contoured articular prosthetic (CAP) unicondylar femoral resurfacing prosthesis consisting of two components, a fixation component and an articular component, that mate together via a taper interlock to provide stable and immobile fixation of the implant and stress-bearing contact at the bone/prosthetic interface. The fixation component is a modified titanium cancellous screw with a tapering distal tip, a full-length cannulation, and a proximal female taper bore. The articular component is a dome-shaped component manufactured of a Cobalt–Chromium–Molybdenum alloy with titanium plasma spray coverage on the underside for bony in-growth. Each diameter comes in a variety of incremental offset sizes which correspond to the superior/inferior and medial/lateral radius of curvatures at the implant site. The size of the implant used in this study was 20 mm in diameter with different offset sizes, matching the individual specimen joint curvature.
Testing protocol
The specimens were aligned using a fixed laser beam to achieve correct alignment in the mechanical axis of the lower limb. The mechanical axis was defined by a line through the center of the head of the artificial hip joint, the center of the knee joint and the center of the hinge joint representing the artificial ankle. For calibration of the sensor the ankle hinge joint was secured with two aluminum plates perpendicular to the ground. Thereby the knee was fixed in full extension. Each sensor was individually preconditioned and calibrated intra-articulary with a two-point calibration method at 700 and 1,500 N according to manufacturer's guidelines. Definitions of the correct angles of the actual knee position were adjusted with a custom-made goniometer and by the displacement-controlled main rod. During the test cycles the cadaver were sprayed with saline solution to prevent dehydration.
Operative technique
All specimens were released at their femoral fixation during preparation of a new testing condition. The exact position was marked and recorded to maintain specimen position in the knee simulator across all testing conditions. The position of the sensor did not change during the preparation. All procedures were performed by the same investigator (CB). The medial femoral condyle was exposed by a medial parapatellar incision. The knee was flexed to 90° to expose the central weight-bearing portion. A drill guide was used to place a pin perpendicular to the joint surface representing the center of the defect. The center of the defect was determined by measuring the condylar width and bisecting the distance. The cannulated instrumentation set ensured that the vertical axis was maintained throughout the procedure. After drilling a pilot hole, the fixation component was inserted. A contact probe determined the radius of curvature in two planes. With a matching reamer, the site for the implantation was prepared and a sizing trial with corresponding offsets inserted. The selected device was oriented in the correct planes and connected to the anchoring screw with a tapered lock. In order to allow for careful removal of the articular component, the guide wire was initially drilled through the condyle and remained inside the cannulated screw during the trial. After testing with flush implantation (Fig. 2b), the device was removed with the guide wire. The anchoring screw was elevated with a counter-clockwise quarter turn representing 1 mm and the device re-inserted for positioning 1 mm above the adjacent cartilage (Fig. 2c). Defect condition was tested after removing the guide wire and device leaving a 20-mm osteochondral defect of 3–4 mm depth (Fig. 2d).
Data analysis
Data were obtained using I-Scan software 4.23 (Tekscan, Boston, MA, USA). Peak contact pressure was assessed and recorded as the highest value at each stance position and during the dynamic knee-bending cycle. Mean, median and standard deviation values were evaluated using MS-Excel 2003 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, WA, USA) and SPSS 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For statistical analysis a paired sampled t test to compare means (significance, P ≤ 0.05) was used.
Continuous data were obtained at every trial. No difference in the quality of data collection was seen comparing the stance positions or dynamic testing.
Peak contact pressures at different testing conditions
Testing position
Testing condition
Peak contact pressure (Mpa)
Mean difference to untreated (%)
P value
3.09 ± 0.86 (3.05, 1.92–4.86)
3.98 ± 2.19 (3.59, 2.15–9.02)
1 mm proud
9.80 ± 4.37 (9.36, 4.70–18.37)
3.35 ± 1.39 (3.39, 1.90–5.83)
3.01 ± 0.81 (2.95, 2.01–4.11)
3.69 ± 1.79 (3.89, 1.38–7.06)
1 mm proud
9.19 ± 9.27 (5.87, 2.10–30.49)
2.94 ± 1.07 (2.84, 1.69–5.09)
3.18 ± 0.94 (3.52, 1.46–4.26)
2.89 ± 0.85 (3.02, 1.03–3.83)
1 mm proud
7.07 ± 5.97 (5.24, 1.03–19.81)
3.31 ± 1.06 (3.11, 2.05–5.34)
4.77 ± 1.85 (4.23, 2.66–7.90)
4.96 ± 2.02 (4.18, 2.79–7.92)
1 mm proud
5.79 ± 2.76 (5.54, 2.01–11.82)
4.94 ± 1.81 (4.65, 2.05–7.54)
5.84 ± 2.12 (5.14, 3.85–9.82)
6.02 ± 2.05 (5.21, 3.46–8.97)
1 mm proud
11.61 ± 6.39 (10.50, 6.22–25.46)
5.68 ± 1.76 (5.11, 3.76–8.24)
30° 2tBW
6.57 ± 2.31 (6.01, 4.09–11.15)
6.05 ± 1.40 (5.82, 4.68–8.97)
1 mm proud
12.49 ± 8.02 (9.67, 5.83–30.49)
7.38 ± 4.68 (5.31, 4.75–17.70)
No significant increase of peak contact pressures was evaluated with the 20-mm osteochondral defect. However, average increase by 8% (5° stance) and 12% (30° stance with 2tBW) were found compared to untreated-condition (Table 1). Furthermore, maximum values were higher compared to untreated condition (except 45° stance position and dynamic testing cycle).
The patient aged over 40 years with a full thickness chondral or osteochondral defect reflects a serious problem for the orthopedic surgeon. Considered as being too old for biological repair of the defect, primarily the patients are mostly managed with conservative, non-surgical treatment including weight reduction, physical therapy to increase and support musculature, unloading braces and medications such as NSAID's, intraarticular injections (Corticosteroids, Hyaluronic acid, etc.) and dietary supplements.
However, conservative treatment at best ameliorates the symptoms. Biomechanical studies have shown that untreated osteochondral defects may result in increased contact pressures [4, 7, 17]. Animal models proved that untreated osteochondral defects undergo progressive degenerative changes [5, 14]. Whereas smaller defects might have the capacity for healing [5], it was shown that larger defects resulted in resorption of the osseous walls of the defect, the formation of a large cavitary lesion, and the collapse of the surrounding articular cartilage and subchondral bone as well as to degeneration of the opposing tibial articular surface [5, 14]. A"threshold" effect for localized full thickness defects was described with rim concentration around the lesion becoming a factor for defects greater than 10 mm in diameter (0.79 cm2) [7].
Defect repair is therefore regarded crucial to prevent or delay progressive degenerative joint destruction. However, unicompartimental or total knee arthroplasty represent procedures of final resort for some of the affected patients. The HemiCAP® resurfacing prosthesis (Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, MA, USA) offers an interim or alternative treatment strategy for the middle-aged patient with a full thickness cartilage defect. However, effects of a metallic implant articulating with intact opposing tibial articular cartilage and meniscus remain largely unanswered to date. An experimental study assessing the functional and biological response to its use in a goat model resulted in good clinical outcomes. One year after implantation, gross necropsy and histologic data implied the biocompatibility and functionality of the implant. No ongoing degenerative joint disease was apparent [15]. Macroscopic and histological analysis showed that the cartilage around the implant was largely intact although some focal fraying and erosion and limited meniscal damage was observed. The opposing tibial plateau cartilage surface was generally intact but exhibited some focal erosions of variable depth [15]. The outcome was substantially better by comparison to other reported experimental animal studies in goats with untreated full-thickness defects [14, 29]. A patellar resurfacing prosthesis resulted at an average of 8.1 years in 71% good or excellent cases with no progressive degenerative changes in the non-resurfaced apposing femoral articular cartilage as long as 16 years [9]. A successful clinical outcome with a metallic distal femoral prosthesis articulating directly against the menisci and proximal tibial plateau over 30 years was documented in a case report [12].
Our results revealed significant increase of peak contact pressures with the implant being proud to the surrounding cartilage compared to the untreated condition with an average maximum increase of 217% and 205% at 5° and 15° stance compared to untreated knees. Results in a biomechanical model using osteochondral plugs for the treatment of osteochondral defects demonstrated increased contact pressures up to 57% compared to intact condition in elevated or angled plugs with an edge placed higher than the adjacent cartilage [16, 17]. Thus, increased peak contact pressures may suggest biomechanical disadvantages and may cause damage to opposing structures. Several in vitro studies have shown increased chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix deformation after peak stress loading of bovine and human articular cartilage [2, 20, 22, 23]. However, quantitative thresholds above which elevated pressure is detrimental are not defined yet.
Flush implantation showed no statistical increase of peak contact pressures compared to untreated. However, in two specimens we found marked increase of peak contact pressures at the edge of the implant. Evaluation of the pictures of the specimen after the trial showed that the implant did not appear to be proud to the adjacent cartilage in the front view (Fig. 5a). However, in the top view it seemed that the implant was in level with the adjacent cartilage or even slightly elevated at the point of increased peak contact pressure (Fig. 5b). Reduced quality of the adjacent cartilage directly next to the measured peak contact pressure might have lead to less resistive cartilage capacity allowing for edge loading. Thus, it appears to be crucial to have healthy surrounding cartilage around the implant and to spend special care during the implantation process so that the implant is not elevated above the adjacent cartilage at any point. Koh et al. [16] showed in their biomechanical study, that slightly recessed osteochondral grafts with the highest edge placed flush to neighboring cartilage demonstrated nearly normal contact pressures, whereas elevated angled grafts produced increased contact pressures. Our results confirm the observation concluding that slightly recessed implantation should be considered if flush implantation cannot be accomplished.
Defect situation in our study did not result in significant increase of peak contact pressures. Rim stress concentration has been described by several authors in their biomechanical models evaluating the contact pressures in full thickness cartilage defects [4, 5, 7, 16, 17, 26]. However, results were uncertain whether the peak contact pressure increases at the rim of the defect. Whereas Koh et al. [17] reported average increase of peak contact pressure by 23% compared to the untreated condition, Raimondi et al. [26] and Nelson et al. [24] found no elevated contact stresses at the rim of the defect. These different observations might be caused by the different deformation of defect rims under a given load, especially in larger defects than in smaller defects. The relationship of defect size to the condylar surface may be also a factor [7]. The methodology concerning the model (animal or human being cadaver), the experimental setup (loading mechanics, dynamic or static, etc.) and the pressure-sensitive sensor and performance of the trial have also to be considered.
Limitations of this study have to be considered and include the following. (1) This is a human cadaver study and biomechanical model. Only approximation of the living system can be achieved. However, the pre-selection of the applied load by the ground reaction force gave the opportunity to load the specimens with the known body weight of the donor, and thus better approximate the forces that occur in the living system [30]. Furthermore, the knee bending dynamic measurement may have provided a more accurate reproduction of physiologic weight-bearing activity. However, the complexity of weight-bearing motions including all the muscle groups for knee motion could not be reproduced. Applied forces were too high for female human cadaver knees resulting in a high specimen's failure rate. (2) Peak contact pressures were determined by an electronic pressure sensitive sensor. The reliability of the K-scan sensor was verified in several studies [10, 18, 21, 31]. In comparison to other measuring devices (Fuji Photo Film), the Tekscan K-sensor proved to be superior [10, 27]. Limitations of the sensor include the thickness (0.1 mm), its sensitivity to temperature changes, its disposition for crinkling and the establishment of the position [1]. Although the position of the sensor was accurately secured, a small amount of displacement and crinkling could not be excluded. A certain amount of loss of sensitivity during the different testing conditions and imprecise calibration due to the different surface materials (metal on cartilage, cartilage on cartilage) have to be considered. Some drop of data point was observed at some specimen. However, peak contact values seemed not to be affected. (3) Stable, reproducible ground reaction force in full extension could not be established by the simulator. The quadriceps tendon could not be adequately tensioned in this position. (4) Implantation of the device was performed in the central weight-bearing area. Results might be different for the implantation in different areas of the medial femoral condyle or lateral condyle.
In conclusion, the data suggest that resurfacing with the HemiCAP® with flush implantation does not lead to significantly increased peak contact pressure. However, elevated implantation results in significantly increased peak contact pressure and might be biomechanically disadvantageous in an in vivo application. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effects of the prosthetic device on contact pressures after loss of meniscus function and in longer continuous dynamic testing.


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Minecraft pocket edition
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Posted 12 April 2012 - 05:52 PM
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Posted 12 April 2012 - 10:48 PM
You could have gone into more depth.


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Still not sure what uberX is? Our lower cost ridesharing option features the same great Uber quality and reliability with prices cheaper than a taxi! Vehicles on uberX are mostly hybrids and midrange vehicles with a variety of colors and seating up to 4. As always, with Uber…you don't have to tip!
Basically, what I am trying to say is uberX is better, faster, cheaper than a taxi…10% cheaper, in fact! Share the uberX love and tell your friends to signup for Uber so everyone can enjoy FREE uberX PHX!
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It's time to rejoice PHX, as the temps go sub-hundreds, uberX will drive you into the next season.
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Team Uber Phoenix, Gabe, Blaine and Steve.
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Econo Lodge
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
- Continental Breakfast
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"Don't rain on my parade" Barbara Streisand
... one of the Columbus Day parades, this year being on the East side. We took the subway under the river and arrived at Maverick Square, at the head of what is clearly the Latino/Spanish area of town. Spanish seems to be the first language of most of the locals and the area did look a little deprived. The internet said the parade would start at 12:00, but the friendly police man told us it started at 1:00 and might arrive in Maverick Square by 1:30. We hung around in the warm ...
Saturday 19th Boston Harbour cruise
Back to the hop-on-hop off bus and this time we got off at the Harbour. Stood in line for a fair while, waiting for our harbour cruise. It was lovely weather and the place was very buzzy with throngs of people and plenty of yachts and ferries on the harbour The duck tours look funny - like buses ploughing slowly through the water ! We enjoyed the cruise, and were very happy to receive a phone call from Sakura and Chris and have a chat to them. Chris has put more ...
The Portuguese Playground
... I inflated my yoke, I mean neck support, and wore it backward because it prevents one from rocking forward and causing unnecessary whiplash. The last thing I saw where the dinners in plastic trays being handed out, and that was that. Now, after having taken an 11-hour flight to Japan, any other flight seems short. Before I knew it, my ears were popping and we were descending into the Azores first thing the next morning.
See you Later America...
... ten force gale, and started heading towards Fenway Park, home of the successful Boston Red Sox, and perhaps ore pertinently, the place where Ray Kinsella and Terence Mann share a dog and a beer in Field of Dreams. On the way there we walked through the world's biggest shopping centre again and then somehow ended up in the lobby of the Sheraton hotel. And stepping outside, we probably should have stayed there! For 5 minutes we were treated to a rain and wind spectacular, which ...
Off to Orlando! 14/8/13
... We've got a shuttle booked to take us to the hotel we're staying at for the next 2 nights so we'll probably pop in, dump our stuff and go straight out and start exploring! We gotta get to Miami at some stage too so we'll probably get a bus or train down there in a couple of days and check it out. I'll let you know how it goes :) That was such a ******n long post. Should I make my posts more about the highlights or do you guys want the detail?lemme ...


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Putting you within a 10-minute drive of Table Mountain and Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Ashanti Guest House Gardens - Hostel offers an airport shuttle (available on request) for ZAR 250 per vehicle. Guests can visit the outdoor tennis court for a workout or grab a bite to eat at Kumasi Cafe, which serves breakfast. A terrace and a garden are other highlights, and all rooms offer LCD TVs and free WiFi.


text: Hosting Archive3/02/2015 Universal Top Tech Trends of 2015 The verdict is out even before we have fully settled into the New Year and experts are of the belief that the following technologies will rule the corporate turf in 2015. Let us take by Shameem | HostingRead More12/04/2013 Australian Data Centre Expenditures to Reach More than $2 Billion for 2013 At the most recent IT Infrastructure Operations and Data Centre Conference by Gartner, which was held in Sydney, professional analysts reported that a growing number of companies are considering the benefits of investing in by Shameem | HostingRead More6/04/2013 Top 5 Benefits of Cloud Computing For those who are new in the field of computers might certainly want to know what exactly is "cloud computing". If we talk about it in simple language, it is using the equipment's of the computer by Shameem | HostingRead More20/01/2013 Server Room Lighting Systems If you are an IT manager, you need to worry about multiple aspects of the business. While it is of course a priority for you to set up a server room that is hi-tech, by Shameem | HostingRead More26/11/2012 Top Cloud Computing Trends Of The Future Cloud computing has taken the world by storm in the recent past. This is without mentioning how it has revolutionized the IT sector. Within a relatively short period of time since the cloud gone by Shameem | HostingRead More6/09/2012 7 Most Common Issues You Encounter with shared Hosting Shared hosting is a form of virtual hosting used by millions of bloggers around the world. The comfort and its low price attract more users to use shared hosting instead of vps hosting. It by Shameem | HostingRead More


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By David Jackson, USA TODAY
WASHINGTON The United States is closer to no longer being a
The House of Representatives passed a war-funding bill Tuesday that includes about $900 million for U.N. peacekeeping missions and related activities. That funding includes $175 million in arrears accrued since fiscal year 2005, according to the United Nations Foundation, a charitable group that promotes U.N. causes.
The United States is the United Nations' biggest donor, but Congress capped payments for peacekeeping and didn't pay its bill in full.
"This is a strong indication of the
For years, Republican conservatives such as North Carolina
The Obama administration made U.N. peacekeeping costs part of its war-funding request, which was devoted mostly to military operations in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Senate is scheduled to debate the measure this week. If the war-funding bill becomes law, the United States will have paid slightly more than $3 billion in fiscal year 2009 for a host of U.N. activities.
In 1999, at the behest of Helms, Congress set a cap on how much it would pay for future peacekeeping operations: no more than 25% of the costs. Under the U.N. formula for assessments, the U.S. share was closer to 26%-27%. Congress waived the cap every year until 2005.
The United States contributes relatively few peacekeepers to the United Nations, which lists 18 current operations in countries such as Sudan and Lebanon. In April, the most recent month for which data are available, the United States provided 96 servicemembers, police officers or military observers to U.N. peacekeeping missions — 67th out of 117 nations that contribute.
She cited corruption cases stemming from the United Nations' disbanded oil-for-food program as a reason not to give the world body all the money it is owed. In that program, the United Nations allowed
Peter Yeo, vice president for public policy at the United Nations Foundation, said the United States benefits from peacekeeping efforts that prevent civil wars from escalating.
Mark Kornblau, a spokesman for U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Auto Zone187 Summer Street Kingston, Massachusetts U.S.A.
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/18/2009 06:00 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/auto-zone/kingston-massachusetts/auto-zone-the-recess-bully-manager-kingston-massachusetts-444655. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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SUBMITTED: Tuesday, January 08, 2013POSTED: Tuesday, January 08, 2013
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WHY? Robbie Williams British celebrities Emma Watson Joanne K. Rowling 13th february 1974
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire 7th August 2010:
married the actor
Ayda Field left the band Take
That 15th April 1990 in Paris made her acting experience
on Dragon School 2000 Harry Potter casting Staffordshire Tunstall How many CDs has
Robbie Williams sold? 68 million 18th September 2012 Theodora Rose NOW BEFOR HOW MANY? 31th July 1965
Yate, South Gloucestershire, England 26th December 2001:
married the doctor
Neil Murray welfare money Bloomsbury Publishing At first they print and sold 500 books. HOW MUCH? world famous and more money than the Queen 1. Yate 2. Winterbourne 3. Tutshill 1990: start writing Harry Potter 15 Brit Awards 1991 1974 1993 100.000 Dollar END lived in Scotland 2012 60
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The INSA of Toulouse proposes accommodation to exchange students enrolled in its academic institution partners.
- 1 residence R1 (only available in French at the moment) on the INSA campus managed by CROUS
- 7 residences on the periphery and the INSA campus managed by Promologis: Residences R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8.
- CROUS residences close to INSA : scholarship student, deadline April 30.
- Opportunities for flat rental proposed in the private park.
Foreign exchange students and specific programme students have to check with their International Office about accommodation conditions detailed in our fact sheet sent to that office in March.
In France : for all types of accommodation you will be asked for :
- a deposit (= 1 month rent, which will be given back to you at the end of your stay)
- a guarantor = i.e. a person that will be able to pay the rent for you in case you meet financial problems during your stay, Foreign students can ask for the "Lokaviz": www.lokaviz.fr
Doctoral students in Masters and Post-Masters Research
PhD students and students of INSA specialized Masters and Masters research can apply for residence accommodation Promologis. In case of refusal, they can turn to the private park.
Researchers, teachers, staff
Researchers, teachers and staff may be welcomed at the guest house of Residence R1, managed by CROUS (firstname.lastname@example.com). However, the number of rooms is limited. Visitors are also encouraged to find accommodation in private park.


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
FreeedomPopInternet USA
FreeedomPop Not Necessarily "Plug-and-Play" Internet
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
There are caveats to FreedomPops free services. They are so obvious as to be intuitive. You can read about them on this site. I do not think that they are neccessarily deal breakers. My problem was a deal breaker for me because I needed immediate reliable phone service. I suspect that FreedomPop comes though in most instances, but not all..
My phone was not "Plug-and -Play." I mean that even two weeks after activating my phone, it had only successfully completed one call. I don't know what the problem was. I never had a chance to find out. I submitted an on-line request for support with no respnse after more than a week. With no hope of resolving the issue, I returned the phone and cancelled my service. Four days later I received a response to my request for help, which noted that my problem had been resolved by my cancelling the service.
I am sure that, in the vast majority of cases, the service is "Plug-and-Play." But, if there is a problem, there is no support. If you want effortless, no hassle phone service, go elsewhere. If you want to pay nothing, expect nothing.
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 07/14/2014 07:56 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/freeedompop/internet/freeedompop-not-necessarily-plug-and-play-internet-1162024. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Skip to main content
Valley City
State University
Prospective Students
Current Students
Alumni & Friends
Campus Visit
Apply Now
Search VCSU
Select Area
Prospective Students
Current Students
Alumni & Friends
Profiles Home
Bob Anderson
Jordan Bushaw
Kecia Ellison
Paige Fettig
Nicholas Galt
Seri Geisler
Jaycee George
Max Kollar
Sarah Larsen
Monica Moore
Josh Mower
Joseph Munowenyu
Jamie Paurus
PJ Peterson
Mimi Undem
Oscar Suniga
Casey Williams
Katie Woehl
Devin Poitra
Hayden Zander
Devin Poitra
Devin Poitra
by Deborah Haley
September 2016
The largest program on the Valley City State University campus is the elementary education program. Devin Poitra is a junior currently in the program.
Originally from Rolla, N.D., Devin chose VCSU "…because of the class sizes and the reputation of the education program." He plans on graduating in the spring of 2018.
One aspect of the elementary program Devin hopes to use in his classroom is "making learning fun." He especially enjoys the classes he's had taught by Laurel Westby. "She makes learning fun," says Devin. "I hope I can learn a thing or two from her."
In addition to an elementary education degree, Devin is also pursuing a minor in athletic coaching. "I would like to be in a K-12 school after I graduate," he says. "I could then teach in elementary school and coach in secondary school."
Devin also is involved with different organizations on campus. He is currently the treasurer of Kappa Delta Pi (international honor society in education) and a member of both Alpha Lambda Delta (freshman honor society) and Sigma Alpha Pi (the National Society of Leadership and Success). He also assisted in freshman orientation on the VCSU campus.
Along with going to school, Devin also has a job at a local daycare in Valley City. When he's not working or in class, Devin enjoys hanging out with friends and watching sports.
Whether in class or working in a practicum, Devin thinks he has what it takes to become a great teacher. We think he does, too, and we're proud to have him here at VCSU.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the site.
This step is noncompulsory but will seriously boost your chances of getting interest from other over 50s members on the site. Write a little something about yourself, your interests and upload a nice photograph of yourself.
Utilise our website's sophisticated search to spot over 50s members who suit your needs. Or just look through listings and spot members that you find interesting.
Located someone who could be interesting? Drop them a line or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to finding your perfect partner.
And start dating


text:
Agbodji + Dunn–On April 14th, David Agbodji joined fellow model Jourdan Dunn for a photo shoot. Captured in the streets of New York City, David linked up with Jourdan, hitting a stride in a denim shirt neatly tucked into a distressed dark wash pair of jeans. Do you like his denim on denim look?
You are here: Home / Behind the Scenes / Behind the Scenes: David Agbodji + Jourdan Dunn Shoot in New York


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American Living
American Living Pleated Jacquard Dress
Ships from USA , delivers within 14-21 DaysAdd to wishlist
- Fit-and-flare silhouette
- Size 8 has an approximate 34-3/4" back body length
- Back body length is taken from the center back of the neck
- Concealed center-back zipper with a hook-and-eye closure
- Bateau neckline
- Cap sleeves
- French Darts at Front bodice
- Inverted box pleats at the skirt
- Unlined
- Model is 5'10"/178 cm and wears a size 4
- Polyester/elastane
- Hand wash
- Imported
- Web ID: 828039277
Special Offers
Return Policy
No questions asked return or exchange*: items may be returned or exchanged for a full refund in the original form of payment or a Vogily Credit within 14 days after shipping. Your satisfaction is our biggest prize, so we do everything to ensure that you are happy with your purchase. All products are 100% authentic, procured from brands directly and are backed by our purchase protection with 10 times money back guarantee. *Please refer to the detailed return policy on the site for exceptions
Ships from USA , delivers within 14-21 Days


text:
All of a sudden when we respond to a ticket, the user does not get an email, ant thoughts.
1 Reply
· · ·
Aug 3, 2007 at 1:15 UTC
Can you send a ticket to email@example.com along with your log files and reference this thread. Run the Spiceworks_Package.exe, located in the C:\Program Files\Spiceworks directory. This program will zip up your log files into a file called 'spiceworks_package.zip'. Please email me that file.


text:
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Accommodation options within 8km from 7 Marula include:
This Cape Dutch style home is set in a tranquil, lush garden with heated pool. Quiet and secure.
We extend to you a warm and friendly invitation to come and share our gracious hospitality. Set in beautiful gardens with swimming pool and braai (BBQ) areas. One and two bedroom and studio cottages, self-contained, well furnished with full kitchen.
Situated in the lovely suburb of Bryanston. Relax in our comfortable sitting room after a delicious home cooked meal. Enjoy our outdoor area or the warmth and comfort of our elegant rooms.
The Wesley is very special and unique boutique guesthouse with beautiful rooms, alaensuite, boasting 2 bars and a swimming pool. We are situated 10 minutes from Sandton City, Monte Casino, The DOme and many other popular shopping centres.
Nestled in the heart of the Bryanston, our B&B is perfectly located for the business executives attending to meetings in and around Randburg, Sandton, Fourways and other Northern suburbs or for those seeking a leisurely quiet get-away from it all.


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MGI research estimates the total addressable market (TAM) for Agile Monetization Platform software will be $102 billion by 2020. In this massive growth market, Zuora is considered one of the leading players with 4.5B API calls monthly. We are excited to support MuleSoft customers participating in this growing subscription economy through our new Anypoint Connector for Zuora.
Below, you will find an example of how to use the Zuora Connector for Zuora SOAP API v77.0.
To start, load this demo app . It will show how to create a subscription with nine simple flows; the first flow shows a web page where you can create a subscription from scratch, and the rest of the flows show the necessary steps needed to create the subscription.
Once you load the example, let's configure the connector. To set up the Zuora Connector, go to Global Elements, and find "Zuora." After selecting "Zuora," click "Edit."
In the "Zuora: Configuration," you can specify the configuration for Zuora. You could directly add your Zuora Server information in the configuration, but we recommend using the properties file to add your configuration information. Because this connector was built based on Zuora SOAP API v75.0, you will see https://apisandbox.zuora.com/apps/services/a/ 75.0 , but by changing 75.0 to 77.0, you can use the latest version of Zuora SOAP API.
For this demo, I will use v77.0. In addition to supporting the SOAP API, the Zuora Connector supports two REST API operations such as "Get export file content" and "Get export file stream," so you will need to specify the REST endpoint. We plan to add more operations for the REST API in the future.
Lastly, you need to download a WSDL file from Zuora .
Here are my mule-app.properties:
config.username=xxx config.password=xxx config.endpoint= config.restEndpoint= config.wsdlLocation=/Users/nathan.nam/AnypointStudio/workspace/zuora-subscribe-operations-demo/src/main/resources/zuora.a.77.0.wsdl
After you complete the configuration for your Zuora environment, run the app. When you open up a browser and hit localhost:8081, your browser will show the following page:
I will create a new account called MuleSoft, add a contact info, payment info, and product info. Once you complete the steps up to "Create Product Rate," you can create a new subscription.
Let's check whether the new subscription for MuleSoft is successfully created. As you can see below, I now have the new subscription for MuleSoft under Z-Billing/Customer Accounts.
For new users, try the above walkthrough to get started, and for others, please share with us how you are planning to use the Zuora Connector to power your subscription economy! Also, explore the Anypoint Exchange to see other resources you can leverage today.


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Donate 100,000 in restitution to various Pit Bull rescues across the US
A few months ago, the McDonald's corporation released an advertisement stating that eating their food is safer than petting a stray pit bull, they took the ad down, however I feel that simply taking down the advertisement is just NOT enough, so I am petitioning that they donate 100,000$ to various pit bull (50 rescues = 2,000$ for each rescue) rescues across the country, in order to make up for what they said about pit bulls PLUS it would redeem McDonalds and make me (and many others) like them again. So please sign my petition.
Peace, love and pitty kisses,
Sara Yankowski
A few months ago your corporation released an advertisement stating that eating your food is safer than petting a stray pit bull, while you have since taken down the advertisement, many others, myself included, feel that to completely redeem yourselves, you should donate 100,000$ (50 different rescues = 2,000$ each) across the continental US. Discriminating against one breed of dog is complete and utter stereotyping/racism, and is equal to saying that all African Americans are "gang-banging drug dealers" or all Muslim Americans are "terrorists".
Sara Yankowski started this petition with a single signature, and now has 163 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.
Report abuse
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text: Does anyone know of a good product to take the paint off my wheels? I am going to get them powder coated and can save some money by taking the paint off myself. Also how long should wheel bearings last?...can you repack them with grease or should I buy new ones. They have just under 15,000 km on them. One more question do I need a special tool to get the bearings out or can I take them out with a punch? Appreciate any input! Cheers


text:
Need a CRP Blood Test in Covington, GA? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable CRP Blood Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
Why would I get a CRP Blood Test?
A CRP Blood Test is a blood test that checks the CRP level. People in Covington, GA get a CRP Blood Test at the request of a medical provider or for general tracking.
How much does a CRP Blood Test cost?
Our CRP Blood Test price includes the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Covington, GA, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, CLICK HERE.
What does a CRP Blood Test report look like?
For a CRP Blood Test sample report, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer the CRP Blood Test in Covington, GA.
CRP Blood Test in other cities near Covington, GA:Conyers | Flovilla | Jackson | Jenkinsburg | Jersey | Mansfield | McDonough | Monroe | Monticello | Newborn | Oxford | Porterdale | Rutledge | Shady Dale | Social Circle


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May 16, 2014, Forbes Asia
Covington's John Balzano writes about food manufacturing in China for his latest blog post in Forbes Asia.


text: Good Day All I loaded Windows 7 64 a couple of weeks ago in a new installtion and it has been running very well for the most part. One thing that I find impressive is the Program Compatibility Monitor. I loaded an older 32 Bit Software Application that I thought was running well. But I started to receive compatibility warning messages. I really didn't notice anything in the way of hiccups so I kept right on going. After a few starts over the next couple of days the computer forcibly shut it down and wiped out the Desktop Shortcut. That is impressive ! But if you are going to do that at least give the OS some personality. How about adding a Pop-up of an angry face with the message "HOW MANY TIMES MUST I TELL YOU I CAN' T RUN THIS JUNK. SO STOP BOTHERING ME ! " With that said this program is important to me and I will need to use it so I am preparing to start from scratch with a new hard drive to set up a Dual Boot Configuration with Windows XP. I will be using a 750 GB Hard Drive which I intend to partition as 650/100 for Windows7/XP. Here are my questions. 1) What order should the programs be installed for best operation ? I understand that sometimes the second program loaded can experience glitches. 2) Is it best to Partition Drive C for 650 GB and load Windows 7 while partitioning Drive D for 100 GB with Windows XP ? or 3) Should I reverse the order and partition Drice C for 100 GB and load XP while Drive D is allocated 650 GB and gets Windows & loaded ? Any other tips or references regarding setting up a Dual-Boot System would be greatly appreciated. It appears to me that Microsoft has a winner on it's hands with Windows 7 64. It loads fast and boots up even faster. The speed improvement over XP is eye opening. And it addresses the need to accomodate more memory which larger applications will need in the near future. Thank you for your time and attention Bob SolarMax


text:
This OPEN BOX product you are browsing has been inspected by our qualified technicians to ensure that it meets factory specifications and includes all factory packed accessories. It is guaranteed to be in perfect working order but it is sold in "AS IS" condition (for example, the box may be torn, there may be cosmetic scratches, etc), returns will not be accepted unless the item is found to be defective. Please contact us with any questions BEFORE placing an order. We accept PayPal and all major credit cards. We do our best to describe each item we are selling to the best of our ability. Bear in mind that the item is sold as-is.
Use the "contact us" page to request additional information or images on this product
The sophisticated 7.2 megapixel EXILIM Zoom EX-Z77 joins Casio's EXILIM Zoom series, whose excellent balance of superior functionality and stylish, compact look characterize the Casio brand. The model has enhanced movie functionality and is the first within the line to feature YouTube capture mode. The EXILIM Zoom EX-Z7 also features a blur reduction function that uses motion analysis technology, an auto-tracking AF system, and face detection technology. The combination of face detection technology and the auto-tracking AF system ensures that, once the focus locks on to a person's face, it will stay sharp and maintain the right exposure, even if the person moves. Casio has made it much easier to capture beautiful portraits.
High-quality movies using the H.264 standard
Blur reduction technologies driven by the EXILIM Engine 2.0 image processing module


text:
Ince & Co has announced the appointment of energy finance and projects partner Martin David, who joins the firm's Singapore office as Asia head of energy.
David advises on large-scale projects, particularly in the onshore power and clean energy sectors across Asia. His experience and client base spans major lenders, including commercial and investment banks, multilateral institutions, leading corporates and sponsors on high-value and complex transactions.
Having originally trained as an engineer and gained considerable experience of construction projects, he has reportedly developed particular expertise and an excellent reputation in project finance, finance and energy mergers and acquisitions and construction law.
In recent years, his experience includes working on projects in Mongolia (where he has a lead role on the two leading power projects), Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka.


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Do you have a photo of Shane?
Lost to gun violence on January 3, 2015 in Lewisburg, West Virginia.
News sources:
The people with the most candles in the past 24 hours are featured on our homepage.Ask your friends to light a candle or come back tomorrow to light another candle for Shane.


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Databazza.com is a 2 years old domain. The domain is linked to the IP address 184.108.40.206 which is provided by the hosting company To determine the registration information for a more.
It was registered by Agerba Gregory , who can be reached at . The site is owned by Databazza GmbH. Registration details show that it was registered on 16 Dec 2014 through OVH and will expire on 16 Dec 2016.
The site is being served through Apache/2.


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Over a hundred years had passed since the death of Andorra and the rise of revenge to enter into the heart of the man who was always in the shadows. A very long time ago, she had found him alone, in the forest and took him in. What did she receive after that? Death. And he wasn't going to sit there and let his enemies live.
Aviel was a wizard; hundreds of years old but looked younger, short, with a handsome face but a crooked nose and long, red hair. He also had a very short temper.
"I will get those... those enemies once and for all!" Aviel exclaimed as he entered a chamber where Andorra once studied spell books and practiced her magic. Ever since her death, Aviel had been training as well becoming stronger and stronger until the right time came when he would attack the Kingdom of Zilda. And once he succeeded and gained even more power, he would attack all the kingdoms that were left in the world.
In the middle of the chamber stood a long, wooden table covered in heavy, dusted books and along the stone wall, were countless shelves that carried millions of books. Aviel stared at them and said,
"Now, to find something that will make me to most powerful being in the world…" He walked over to the book shelves and lifted his arm to the top shelf. Every book that was in the chamber was written by magical beings. Aviel scanned the books with his finger and was meaning to grab a spell book but instead was holding a book that said,
Aviel just barely glanced at the cover and then began to anxiously turn the pages until he came across one section that read:
"Hm."Aviel read it carefully.
The only Black Opal in this world is very powerful. When it is in the hands of a wizard, witch, or sorcerer.... they gain power from this opal. Though this opal is kept in the Volcano Of Synra, guarded by the Silver Dragon, the silver dragon will only hand it over to a Silver Witch.
"This could be useful," he said to himself. But then he read over the part that mentioned the Silver Witch.
"A silver witch," Aviel muttered. "I never heard of one before. What is it?" He asked himself and grabbed another book called WITCHES. Silver witch, silver witch... It repeated in his mind as he scanned each page.
A Silver Witch is one of the most powerful beings in the world. They have the shiniest silver eyes and silver hair. When they are twelve winters, they start to discover their identity.
"So where can I find one?" Aviel got to the next paragraph.
Silver witches are not found. They show themselves for a purpose but they don't know what purpose that is. Silver witches are also the only ones who can retrieve a black opal from the Volcano of Synra.
Aviel read the section over twice. He would need another book for more information on this and the Volcano of Synra.
"I need a Silver witch! I need that black opal!" He exclaimed but suddenly a knock sounded on the door.
"Yes?" he asked becoming annoyed.
"Your maid sire," the voice answered. Aviel faced the door. That did not sound like his regular maid. The voice was younger and sweet.
"Come in," Aviel answered. He watched suspiciously as the door opened and a small child walked in. He couldn't see her face at all for a black cloak hid her features. Her feet were also barely covered, revealing her toes.
"A new maid? Give me your name."
"Uh--- Silvernist sire," was her reply. Strange name, Aviel thought.
"What are you doing here?" He asked her.
"I… well I was traveling and found this place. I was wondering if there may be food or water here…" Aviel watched her.
"Remove your cloak," he ordered. There was a long pause.
"I wish not to sire—" the girl replied but Aviel cut her off.
"Just do it!" His echo bounced off the walls. Aviel watched anxiously as the strange girl reached for her cloak.
As Silvernist removed her cloak, she stepped in the light. Aviel's face turned confused. He couldn't believe if it was his imagination or if it was real. Silvernist was wearing a brown tattered dress that only reached her knees and her hair and eyes were pure silver; shining brightly in the light. Her skin was also pale and her face was young but radiant.
Aviel was speechless. When he said he needed a silver witch, he didn't expect to find one this fast.
"Come closer," Aviel said. Silvernist's eyes peered into his own as she came closer. She shivered when he touched her cheek.
"Do you know why you are here?" he asked. The girl's right eyebrow lifted. She shook her head cautiously. Aviel put his hand against her back and led her out of the chamber.
"I have a very important task for you, but first I'll have to train you."


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|Separate WC's
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|2 nights
Innisfree is a fifth generation family home with five bedrooms, 2 1/2 baths. We have two queen bedrooms, two with twin beds and one with a double bed. Two of the upstairs bedrooms have their own in-room sink
We are in close proximity to Dartmouth College and Woodstock, VT.
Innisfree is family friendly with crib (age two or younger) available. We have hi-def tv and wireless internet.
South Strafford is in the CT River valley. It's a great place to bike, hike or relax and enjoy the view.
Innisfree is owned by a group of trustees. I am the managing trustee and live in the house next door.
Innisfree was purchased by my grandmother over 70 years ago. Family members have been enjoying the property ever since. It is spacious, comfortable and perfect for group/family gatherings.
We had a great time at Beth's home, our bed was super comfortable, the room was really beautiful, and the house is very nice. Beth and mike are very friendly, although we barely saw them while we were there since we were out wandering in the parks. The area is perfect, about an hour away from all the places we visited. This place is perfect for a vacation home. There is everything you need, and all you have to bring with you is food and beverage. I totally recommend staying here. :)
This is a uniquely beautiful and comfortable house, not to be missed. Put your bag down and exhale, you are immediately at home with the beautiful mountain setting.
Did you ever get to or want to go to Grandma's house for holidays? Did you get to have a sleepover with your cousins? Have you ever seen homemade pies lined up on the window sill? Have you played croquet on front lawn with a backdrop of crimson and golden Vermont maple lined hillsides?
We did all of this and more in this great big beautiful, comfortable, fully furnished attention to detail home. Beth is definitely a credit to her family for keeping this property in great condition. It's roomy and comfortable, fresh and clean and well stocked for wide range of interests as well as needs. Perfect for cooking and entertaining a large family gathering - we had beautiful Thanksgiving sit down dinner for twenty-two. Books and board games galore for adults and children. Television set-up entertained and provided easy access for viewing baseball playoffs, Thursday and Sunday football. Wifi kept us connected to cyber space since for text and internet since Strafford has no cell service - only landline.
The bedrooms are beautifully and tastefully decorated. Our granddaughters ages 12-4 loved them!! We are so very grateful to Beth for her warmth and hospitality. We will return.
The house was clean, roomy, had a great view, was very well stocked with dishes, food items, condiments. The owner thought of everything - games, puzzles, umbrellas, extra jackets and the list goes on and on. Was the perfect location for a college girl friends annual reunion. I highly recommend it.
Excellent. I highly recommend it.
Our party very much enjoyed staying at this house. It was like a home away from home with all the necessary details well-taken care of. It's a very unique and cozy house with plenty space to relax in quietude and also enjoy the company of others in the open kitchen/family spaces. Although our stay was only for 2 nights, we would have loved to stay longer.
We enjoyed our weekend stay here when we visited to attend a local wedding. There is lots of space, it's clean and well maintained, the beds are comfy, there's a nice big table to gather around, there are plenty of pots and pans, there's a porch with a view out over the lovely Vermont countryside, and it's delightfully quiet. Our hosts live next door and couldn't have been nicer. They stocked the fridge with milk, coffee, and orange juice before we arrived, and stopped by to give us a tour when we arrived and asked if we needed anything else. I didn't expect to find wifi in rural Vermont, but there is also wifi and use of the phone (landline) if you need to make calls. South Strafford is a charming small town, and there is a general store just a mile down the road for supplies. I would be happy to stay here again.
|Rental Period
|Minimum Price
|Additional Nights
|Weekend Night
|Event Price
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
No smoking. No pets.


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Jack Warner aka Jacwar is a film maker, film actor and music producer. He is also a member of SAG-AFTRA and the GRAMMY.
All of Jack Warner albums have been submitted for
Grammy Consideration within the past 9 years!!
Jack Warner productions came into existence in 2007. Since then forty one music albums have been released on all major music stores worldwide. All albums have been produced, composed, engineered and mastered by multi-talented Jack Warner. being an active member of the academy of arts and sciences, commonly known as the home of the Grammy awards, Jack has been able to submit all his albums for consideration by the GRAMMY since 2007 until the present. He is presently working on his debut vocal album to be released soon worldwide on iTunes and other music outlets under the name of JACWAR.
Jack started producing, and directing various 4K film projects including music videos, new media and short films. There are projects that have been developed to be entered in the Sundance film festival for the coming years.


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Zink Avian-X LCD Feeder Hen Turkey Decoy is a Lifelike Collapsible Decoy with true body posture, incredible feather detail, and no-flake paint. This realistic decoy is crafted from rugged Dura-Rubber standing in a passive feeder position. It folds and fits easily into a vest, but it won't crease or take dents like some other styles. A one-piece collapsible stake system lets the decoy move naturally, without spinning. Designed to last for years.
This LCD comes with an olive-drab drawstring bag.
Mack's Prairie Wings is not responsible for typographical errors in pricing or product specification inaccuracies in our web site. Prices are subject to change without notice.
Copyright © 2017 - Mack's Sport Shop LLLP - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce
Copyright © 2004-2017 - Mack's Prairie Wings, Inc. - All rights reserved. Site Developed and Maintained by Ability Commerce


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Change In America
How has the United States changed since January 2009 when Barack Obama first came to office?
Marketplace's Lizzie O'Leary and her guests describe the subtle, surprising and even seismic shifts which have been seen in American society whilst Barack Obama has been president. Using data – and with the help of audiographs, which illustrate data in sound – they paint a fascinating picture of change in America.
Airs Saturday, November 5 at 10pm on AM820


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Case Studies & Research Reports > Academic Case Studies & Research Reports
Enlisting Stakeholder Engagement for Successful Project Delivery - The Case of Jalswarajya Project
Part A - The Stakeholders and Project ManagementPart B - Capacity Building and Innovation Initiatives by Stakeholders in Jalswarajya
Authored by Dr. Mona. N. Shah, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune & co-authored by Dr. Gangadhar Mahesh, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal View Author(s) Info
Brief Information:
The Jalswarajya project launched in 2003 was the result of a Maharashtra government resolution to improve water management in rural areas through a community-driven approach. The objectives were: • Improve rural households' access to sustainable drinking water supply and sanitation services • Institutionalize decentralization of rural water supply and sanitation service delivery to rural local governments and communities After the success of the pilot project in three districts, the Jalswarajya project was launched in 26 districts of Maharashtra. The project was designed to benefit about 7.5 million rural inhabitants, raising the number of beneficiaries to about 10 million at the end of the project period. Being a socially relevant project focused on the rural millennia the main challenge was to achieve a high degree of understanding of the project scope, technicalities, financing, and administrative matters among the stakeholders in the community. It necessitated the community's initiation into basic project management principles through training, which was delivered as part of the project's capacity management exercise. The project team comprised of the Operations and Maintenance Team (OMT) that was in charge of project implementation, provide support to the stakeholders, monitor progress, and measure impact. Besides the project manager, the OMT had specialists in the environment, ground water, community development, health and sanitation, procurement etc. The Project followed all the five process groups of initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing as laid out in PMI's the Project Management Body of Knowledge® (PMBOK® Guide). It also followed eight of the knowledge areas defined in the PMBOK® Guide – scope management, time management, human resource management, quality management, communication management, risk management, procurement management, and stakeholder management.
Learning Objectives:
• Application of project management framework in social sector with focus on stake holder management for aiding project success. • Project Innovation and implementation framework for social sector • Project monitoring and control in socially relevant projects. • Project replication models for capacity building • Project success factor definitions in community focused social benefit projects,
|Click to download the case study/report
|Teaching Notes


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Universal Energy25 Shepard Ave W. Toronto, Ontario Canada
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 02/21/2009 01:09 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/universal-energy/toronto-ontario-m2n-6s6/universal-energy-salesmen-telling-you-that-you-will-save-money-on-your-electric-or-natural-426911. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Airlines for America said the Trump administration's proposal to privatize the nation's air traffic control system would result in shorter flights, fewer emissions and fewer delays, while the Alliance for Aviation Across America decried the measure.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Fiscal Year 2017 Work Plan carves out more than $170 million in funding that will go toward several port deepening and construction projects across the country.
U.S. and Mexican customs authorities hope to provide fully restored operations at the World Trade Bridge border crossing in Laredo, Texas, on Monday, May 29.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said removal of the bridge's lower roadway means larger ships will be able to call container terminals in Newark, Elizabeth and Staten Island.
American Shipper has launched a short survey to collect feedback on how the industry expects to be affected by the new ocean carrier alliances that launched at the beginning of the month.
The approximate $113 million acquisition of Rickmers Maritime Trust's entire fleet of 14 Panamax-sized containerships will triple Navios Maritime Partners' containership fleet.


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KAI Rooney takes flight after watching a magic show with his mum.
The stage production clearly had quite an impact on the two-year-old son of Coleen
and England striker Wayne.
Clad in a cape with his arms outstretched like Superman, little Kai pretended
to fly after watching Disney Mickey's Magic Show at Liverpool's Echo Arena.
The smartly-dressed tot charged around ahead of Coleen as they left the venue,
prompting the WAG to shout at her lad to slow down.
If the celebrity couple are still mulling over options for his education, they
should consider Hogwart's School of Witchcraft And Wizardly.
Or maybe he'll follow in his daddy's footsteps and perform his magic on
football pitches.
No doubt Wayne would encourage Kai to cast a healing spell on his badly cut
thigh at the moment.
The Man Utd hitman suffered the horrific gash during his club's home tie with
Fulham at the weekend and is set to be out of action for a month.
The injury happened when he stuck out a leg to block Fulham player Hugo
Rodallega's shot.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is elective but will drastically increase your chances of receiving views from other daters on the website. Write a little something about yourself, your interests and upload any nice photos of yourself.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to pinpoint members who are up to your requirements. Or just browse through listings and pinpoint people that you find interesting.
Discovered someone who could be interesting? Send a message to them or just a wink and await their reply. With a little luck you'll be on your way to discovering that special someone for you.
It'll only take 30 seconds


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
George Cox Automotive, Austin Texas5225 East Cesar Chavez Austin, Texas USA
Rip Off George Cox Automotive, Austin Texas David Cox - Paul Alex Cox - Liars -incompetent shop inherited RIP OFF Beware Austin Texas
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
Geroge Cox Automotive was established in the early 60's by George Cox who is now dead his son David Cox is running the Shop and has made his SOB the general manager Paul Alex Cox who is a total incompitent rude Jerk sppon fed punk you inherited every thing he has they held my car for 4 months charged us 3k and did not fix the problem and that SOB Paul Alex Cox told us to figure it out Beware Rip Off Shop
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 05/13/2014 07:49 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/george-cox-automotive-austin-texas/austin-texas-78702/rip-off-george-cox-automotive-austin-texas-david-cox-paul-alex-cox-liars-incompet-1146195. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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I have some wireless bridges and devices attached to them that I am currently running a ping command -t to keep up.
Can I set up the same situation in Spiceworks?
1 Reply
· · ·
Jun 3, 2008 at 11:44 UTC
Hi Jean, Can you elaborate on what you want to do? We currently do not have the ability of running a ping -t command within the app although, you can ping a target device from the "Troubleshoot" link on the toolbar. Have these bridges and devices been detected in Spiceworks?


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Un petit coin de paradis : à l'écart du monde, où on est bien tout simplement
The neighbourhood has a good mix of families and young people, it has a nice community centre just across the roads where it's nice to sit, relax and do people watching. There are some of Tel Aviv's most trendy cafes and bars just a couple of minutes walk. You can cycle or walk everywhere!
Pour organiser un échange de maisons, vous devez devenir membre


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is noncompulsory but will seriously raise your chances of your profile getting read by other members. Type a little about yourself, your hobbies and upload a nice photo of yourself.
Utilise our website's cutting-edge search to pinpoint members who match your desired criteria. Or just browse through listings and pinpoint people that you find attractive.
Identified someone who is attractive to you? Send them a message or just a wink and see if they're interested. With a little luck you'll be on your way to locating your suitable match.
It's really quick


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Guido Fawkes is unimpressed with the defence offered by Simon Kelner, editor of The Independent, for reprinting of a government press briefing on Euro myths. "In America, where journalists take professional ethics more seriously, there would be resignations if a journalist plagiarised a government briefing wholesale", writes Guido. "The substantive issue here is not whether the Indy is for or against a referendum, it is whether the Indy is a credible source of honest independent journalism, or a rag which reprints press releases uncritically." (Via Guido Fawkes)
Here is the response to The Economist (see posting below) by two editors: Alan Rusbridger of The Guardian and Simon Kelner of The Independent, talking on this morning's Today programme. Rusbridger agreed that not all newspapers would survive because "there is a disaggregation of advertising from editorial... a fragmentation of audience... competition from free sheets." He did, however, have faith that revenue could be earned online. Kelner does not accept that papers will die, but to survive they must innovate. As for income, he believes cover prices must increase to compensate for the falling take from advertising. (Via BBC Radio 4)
Simon Kelner, editor of The Independent, thinks The Guardian is wrong to publish stories first on the web. He told yesterday's Press Gazette Breakfast With The Editor event:


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Discussion in 'The Logo Creator Gallery' started by Whissper, Aug 11, 2003.
a new logo for my record site
touched up a bit in Photoshop
Looks good!
Nice and clean, very eye catching.
There is another font that I can think of called "hamburger" (not sure if it is included in the logo software) but it has kind of a 50's or diner look to it that might also work well for your text.
Separate names with a comma.