text:
A Conversation At The Top Of The Tower
Deadrick instinctively grabbed for his gun- unsheathing it, he moved to attack the assassin- not wanting to give him the advantage he had before.
But when he looked again, the assassin had his hands up to his chest, his long, almost clawed fingers splayed out towards Deadrick.
"Wait," Came a raspy voice from within the hood.
Deadrick moved his finger from the trigger, but he didn't lower the gun.
"Do not shoot,"
"Give me one goddamn reason why I shouldn't," Deadrick growled.
The tension in the room was thick, so thick you could cut it with a knife.
"I do not want to engage in combat with you, even if the outcome would be… interesting," The assassin told him, his hands were lowered now, but he stayed in a neutral stance- staring down Deadrick's gun.
The wind whistled slightly through the open roof, the circles on the floor below seemed to flicker slightly.
"You are Shaduri," Deadrick finally said.
The assassin nodded, "Yes,"
Deadrick had discovered this when he saw the tattoo on the assassin's head, he'd finally remembered it to be the universal sign of the formation of assassins known as the Shaduri.
Mainlanders only knew the Shaduri in stories, stories of men and women from all over being initiated because of their talents. The tales would speak of them disappearing in the night- disappearing to the order's temple on an island far north.
There, it is said, they distort and deform their bodies with powerful Demonic energies, increasing their strength and speed five-fold.
They were hired for huge amounts of money for more high profile jobs, such as political assassinations.
"Do you have a name?" Deadrick asked.
The assassin seemed to think for a minute.
"We give our names to the Darklords when we are initiated into the Order, but I go by Garum when a name is required,"
"Who sent you?" Deadrick asked. He was unsure of what to do now, Garum didn't look in any way poised to attack, but he was obviously fast.
"A Witch gave me a bag of coins, your description and told me her master required me to do it," Garum explained. Deadrick couldn't help but imagine that forked tongue of his flitting about as he spoke.
"Why haven't you killed me yet, then?"
"The Witch did not tell me how powerful you were," Garum explained, his raspy voice echoing in the large room, "It was only when I attacked that I realized the power that lies within you,"
Deadrick remembered the glass plating over the assassin's eye- with the mini storm of magic inside it.
"Your eye…"
"Allows me to see inside people- their life, some memories, some fears- I can gauge someone almost perfectly just by looking at them,"
Deadrick was listening, contemplating lowering his gun, but his arm stayed rigid.
"When I saw inside you, I hesitated," Garum explained.
"And then you ran," Deadrick said bluntly.
"Assassins have no honor or loyalty, and if I deem a target too dangerous, then no amount of money is enough,"
Deadrick looked at Garum intently for a moment, and then lowered his gun.
"So, what now, you just disappear?" Deadrick asked.
Garum tilted his head slightly.
"I contemplated just killing your traveling companions, but the Witch made it clear that you were my main target. I suppose I may as well disappear,"
The two of them stood silent for a moment, Deadrick sheathed his gun.
"Are you aware of what is happening, in the Citadel," He finally said.
Garum gave a small nod, and for the first time Deadrick noticed the faint glow inside his hood from the glass plate.
"I have heard things. Through the Ecrid in the air… the Unholy speaking to one another, they're almost ready,"
"Surely they pose a threat to you… like they do to everyone. Running won't save you from this," Deadrick told him, feeling Garum's good eye watching him, "Will you fight?"
Garum only shrugged slightly.
"I prefer to be on the winning team," The assassin said, turning to look out of the window, "But it seems the winning team have you to deal with, so maybe its not my best move to go with them on this occasion,"
Deadrick didn't know what kind of an answer that was, or whether to look upon the assassin as a friend or an enemy.
"It seems your friends are worried about you," Garum said, looking at the ground.
Deadrick could faintly hear Nerui yelling his name- she'd obviously seen Garum through the window from below.
"That is my cue to leave," Garum said. The staircase was shaking slightly as Nerui ran up it, "I can see you, Deadrick, always. And I can see in you. You're scared,"
Deadrick narrowed his eyes.
"All that power… you haven't been scared in a long time, have you? But now, its growing, the fear inside. Of what is going to happen when you meet the greatest evil you have ever faced,"
Nerui suddenly burst from the staircase. She saw Garum and grabbed for her throwing knife, but Garum swung an arm out. The pylon in the middle of the room suddenly came to life, green electricity thundering down it from the roof.
It struck the ground and spread across the room, the circles around the pylon lit up. Lighting the room up, Nerui and Deadrick had to cover their eyes, giving Garum enough time to smash the window and dive out.
When he disappeared, the pylon went cold and the circles began to fade.
Nerui rubbed her eyes as Danyel and Bruad appeared from the stairs.
"Are you okay?" She asked Deadrick.
But Deadrick didn't answer; his mind was still reeling from what Garum had said.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
MMA Forum - UFC Forums - UFC Results - MMA Videos (http://www.mmaforum.com/forumindex.php)
- Word Games & Trivia (http://www.mmaforum.com/word-games-trivia/)
- - *2nd Edition* Guess the fighter! (http://www.mmaforum.com/word-games-trivia/99655-2nd-edition-guess-fighter.html)
*2nd Edition* Guess the fighter!
First one went down well, so heres another one! Again, some easy and some harder ones.
To give other people a chance and so one person doesn't get them all, shall we limit it to 3 guesses per post?
6. Shane Carwin
8. Chael Sonnen
10. Clay Guida
1. seems to be Spider
12. I'm not sure but looks like Condit, looks like his tat on his side.
2. Might be Randy Couture.
#9 Brandon Vera.
#5 Chuck Liddell
They did one on the cauliflower ears in a mag before...pretty damn proud that I got all of em right. That was tough.
13 Attachment(s)
I think 12 is Nick Osipczak
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London, Apr 10 (UNI) British Prime Minister Gordon Brown will not be attending the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
According to a report Premier Brown is preparing to deliver a bruising snub to the Chinese government for its Tibet policy by staying away from the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympics.
Mr Brown's announcement about not attending the ceremony came amidst protesters highlighting China's repression of Tibet prepared to greet the Olympic torch relay as it arrived in California having already interrupted its journey through London and Paris this week, the Independent reported.
The Prime Minister will only be in Beijing for the closing ceremony as leader of the next Olympic host country. Tessa Jowell, the Olympics minister, will represent Britain at the opening in August, said a report.
However, Downing Street insisted it did not represent a change of plan and said Mr Brown was not boycotting the opening of the games as he had never planned to attend.
It said it would be a waste of public money for the Prime Minister to attend both ceremonies and said that Beijing had been informed of the decision.
But Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrat leader, described the move as a ''last-minute U-turn,'' accusing Mr Brown of doing ''the right thing late in the day when he is forced to do so because of public opinion.'' A Downing Street spokesman told Channel 4 News last night: ''He won't be at the opening ceremony. He never had any intention of going there was never an expectation that he would attend both ceremonies.'' But his stance is likely to be seen differently in China, where it had been reported he would travel to the country for the start of the Games. China has already expressed its anger that he will meet the Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader, who visits Britain next month.
Two weeks ago, Mr Brown was asked if he would follow the lead of Nicolas Sarkozy, the French President, and stay away from the opening ceremony. He replied: ''We will not be boycotting the Olympic Games.'' At his Downing Street press conference 10 days ago, he argued: "I think President Sarkozy said himself he expected Britain, because we are going to host the next Olympics, to be present at the Olympic ceremonies and I will certainly be there." Matt Whitticase, of the Free Tibet Campaign, said: ''I'm delighted he is not going, but ''absolutely must'' say he is not going because of his concerns over human rights.
''It must be made clear this is the only way the Chinese government will be put in a position where they're seen to be standing at the opening ceremony with no Gordon Brown. That will be very embarrassing,'' he said.
A YouGov poll for Channel 4 News discovered 43 per cent of the public thought the Prime Minister should stay away. It also found 66 per cent believe the recent London protests had ''damaged'' the Chinese government.


text:
Speed up your debug routine!
Automated exception search integrated into your IDE
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Unable to acquire the state change lock for the module: osgi.identity; osgi.identity="org.eclipse.ui.trace"; type="osgi.bundle"; version:Version="1.0.300.v20150220-1252"; singleton:="true" [id=635] STOPPED [STARTED]
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text:
MYSTIC MEG, astrologer: Yes, I believe there is life on Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. I am not sure about Pluto. On the warm side of Mercury the life-forms are circular and rarely need to move, their life is spent thinking. On the cold side, the beings are shaped like inverted triangles and take nourishment from algae-like substances. On Venus, the beings are most like humans, but have very long legs. Life-forms on Mars are like smaller versions of human forms and can change their colour to match the environment.
Patrick Moore, astronomer: I'm quite sure there's plenty of life in the universe: our sun is very run-of- the-mill. Given that there are a number of solar systems like our own, I imagine life is made up of the same materials as we are.
David Icke, writer and broadcaster: Somewhere between conception and birth we put on a genetic spacesuit that we take off when we die. Spending billions of dollars on trying to find alien life is ridiculous: it is here all around us all the time.
ELSIE OAKENSEN, retired teacher: I firmly believe in life on other planets. I saw a UFO in November 1978, when I drove underneath it. It was dumb-bell shaped, grey, smooth, with a red light at one end and a green light at the other. Under hypnosis I've also seen grey shapes with a silvery glow round the edges. That's why I'm so convinced life in the cosmos needn't look like a human being.
Steven Palmer, Space Invaders games installer: Aliens aren't real, they're only in films, and a good thing too. My own personal favourite is the knobbly one with the tentacles in the Quatermass film. If there is anything out there, we should leave it well alone.
Nicholas Stovin, solicitor: Extra-terrestial beings wouldn't look like us: I imagine they'd be a race of Norman Tebbits inhabiting a climate that's like a sauna. But there's definitely no other life in our solar system.
(Photograph omitted)
- More about:
- Astronomer
- Mars
- Sauna
- Space


text:
Exclusive: Stifel in lead to buy Barclays' U.S. wealth unit - sources
By Lauren Tara LaCapra and Jessica Toonkel
(Reuters) - Investment bank Stifel Financial Corp SF.N is in advanced negotiations to acquire Barclays Plc's (BARC.L: Quote) U.S wealth management unit, according to three people familiar with the situation.
Stifel is now negotiating key aspects with Barclays, although a deal is not certain and Barclays could go back to other bidders that have made offers, the people said this week.
A deal for the business - the former brokerage arm of Lehman Brothers - could come as early as next week, the people said.
The price being discussed could not be learned.
The sources requested anonymity because the matter is not public, and a spokeswoman for Stifel and a spokesman for Barclays declined to comment.
Barclays has been reaching out to potential acquirers for the business for several weeks because it views it as non-core, sources told Reuters.
Stifel Chairman and Chief Executive Ron Kruszewski has acquired several, mostly troubled retail brokerage and investment banking firms since 2005. The once low-key St. Louis firm that specialized in municipal bonds is now a national presence serving individual investors and middle-market companies.
Kruszewski, a fireman's son who became CEO in 1997, has paid relatively low prices for the acquisitions, but often provides generous pay packages to retain employees of the firms. Continued...


text: About Syneron Medical Ltd.Syneron Medical Ltd. (NASDAQ: ELOS) is the leading global aesthetic device company with a comprehensive product portfolio and a global distribution footprint. The Company's technology enables physicians to provide advanced solutions for a broad range of medical-aesthetic applications including body contouring, hair removal, wrinkle reduction, rejuvenation of the skin's appearance through the treatment of superficial benign vascular and pigmented lesions, and the treatment of acne, leg veins and cellulite. The Company sells its products under two distinct brands, Syneron and Candela. Founded in 2000, the corporate, R&D, and manufacturing headquarters for Syneron Medical Ltd. are located in Israel. Syneron also has R&D and manufacturing operations in the US. The Company markets, services and supports its products in 90 countries. It has offices in North America, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, UK, Australia, China, Japan, and Hong Kong and distributors worldwide. SAFE HARBOR FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Any statements contained in this document regarding future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans or prospects constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Further, any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing "believes," "are confident that, "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "may," "will," "would," and similar expressions) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including the risk that the product launch may take longer than expected, as well as the risks set forth in Syneron Medical Ltd.'s most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, and the other factors described in the filings that Syneron Medical Ltd. makes with the SEC from time to time. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, Syneron Medical Ltd.'s actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.


text:
The White House announced Monday new steps in its counter terror campaign, including measures that will tighten the security in the visa waiver program and the naming of a new senior adviser to the President -- Robert Malley -- who will focus solely on the anti-ISIS fight.
These announcements come as President Barack Obama traveled to Paris in the wake of recent terrorist attacks that killed 130 people, for a landmark climate summit this week. While the President moved to secure an historic climate deal to reduce carbon emissions -- a key part of his legacy-- the global threat of ISIS has shared the main stage.
"We're cognizant that our global campaign to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIL has a special residence in this city," White House press secretary Josh Earnest told reporters before outlining the latest White House actions.


text:
Mony Mony (Live) - Single - Billy Idol
Sortie : Jul 7, 2009
Genres : Pop
℗ 2009 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Catalog, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
Mony Mony (Live)
Shakin' All Over (Live)


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
Orangey, sparkly, muddy—we've encountered far too many offensive bronzers. Not so with Cargo's award-winning bronzer. It's a natural, buildable powder that makes you look like you spent a few hours in the sun, not in a dirty dust storm.
I am a light olive with yellow undertones and I got the medium. I have always shied away from bronzers in the past because they have bee too dark and make me feel like I look dirty. This one is perfect for me. One of the best I have ever used.
Also, I loath too much shimmer/glitter in my makeup and this has a slight sheen but that it is. I prefer a more matte look on my skin.
I have never tried bronzers as I have very fair, almost porcelain skin and always thought they looked fake. I tried to this product anyway based on the description, but was disappointed. It did not look right on my very fair skin and you could tell I was wearing makeup even with a light application. I also felt it brought out less attractive features such as fine lines and wrinkles by making them more obvious. Perhaps if you have less fair skin or are recently tanned this may work better.2


text:
Let him take you.
You sigh reluctantly and let him help you. It's really the only thing you can do.
He takes your right arm and manages to help you stand. The pain is excruciating, and you feel as though you just broke part of your broken bone again.
"There now, that wasn't so hard, was it?" he says, awkwardly lighthearted.
You glare at him, wondering how he could possibly find your struggles amusing.
"Right," he says with a grunt. "Can you kind of hop? Because I won't be able to carry you."
You try the hopping idea, just to test it.


text:
Speed up your debug routine!
Automated exception search integrated into your IDE
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oracle.security.jazn.JAZNException: The system is unable to retreive the specified realm(s).
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Crystal Glass and Mirror Corp., is a well-established family-owned business proudly serving the greater NY metro area and NJ.
When it comes to providing glass or mirror products for your home, Crystal Glass and Mirror Corp. is your number one source. We manufacture and install custom shower doors, storefronts, glass entrance systems, railing systems, skylights, table tops, wall-to-wall mirrors, closet doors, and many more custom glass and mirror products. We have successfully completed a variety of commercial and residential projects throughout the greater New York region.
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We photographed the entire stock of our recently-imported Italian antique mirrors for which we've created professionally-assembled sample cases. They are currently in finishing stage and will be ready to ship to architects and designers upon request. The individually-cut samples are approximately 9" x 9" and all of them will have an image of what the entire sheet (48" x 94-1/2") looks like printed on the back. Each set (i.e.case) of samples will include 12 individually-wrapped mirrors and also a flash drive with high-resolution images so customers can view them on large screens to get a more complete sense of the proportions of the designs. We've also put great effort into developing a price calculator on our website, in order for clients to estimate each antique mirror they desire to purchase at a specific cut size. To obtain estimates for custom installations, please submit drawings to email@example.com or call our office at 718-234-1218. We encourage you to contact us with any questions during business hours.


text:
Report | 4 years ago
Tx for great service and manicure :)
Was this helpful?
Standing out from the spa's monochrome colour scheme, a row of beige pedicure chairs looks out at multiple manicure stations. Ocean Day Spa's sleek theme extends into its private treatment rooms, where staffers pamper clients with massages, facials, and endless compliments. Clients who arrive a bit early for their appointments may relax in the elevated waiting area and browse Ocean Day Spa's exclusive line of beauty products made by renowned brands such as Laboratoire Dr Renaud, CND, OPI, and China Glaze.


text:
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|Message view
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|"Robert r. Sanders" <robert.sand...@ipov.net>
|Re: transport guarantee in server.xml?
|Tue, 05 Apr 2005 13:31:17 GMT
I'm not am expert, but I don't know of any way other than creating a stub web.xml file - it shouldn't have to be much, but I think you're going to need it. Although an alternative would be to have a <Service ..> element in the server.xml file that has ONLY the SSL <Connector.../>, but that seems like even more overkill to me. Ossie Guy wrote: > > In our server.xml (Tomcat 4.1), we have a context that is used to > serve up static content (PDFs) that are collected in a directory on > our server: > > <Context path="/pdf" appBase="" docBase="/path/to/pdfs" > reloadable="true"></Context> > > There is no war or other webapp involved here, just the folder with > the static files, and thus no web.xml either... (Don't worry, we are > making much use of the servlet API elsewhere on the same server ;) > > Now, we want to serve these files up through SSL - we have the SSL > Connector configured correctly, everything's just great, BUT a savvy > user can still get the files through non-SSL by changing the URL. So - > is there any way to *enforce* that this context is accessed only > through SSL? > > I have seen documentation suggesting something like the following: > > <user-data-constraint transport-guarantee="CONFIDENTIAL"/> > > But this goes in web.xml, and again, we have none here - do we need to > make one just to enforce this constraint? Or is there some way to > enforce this from within the server.xml file itself, perhaps within > the above <context> section? > > Any help would be appreciated. > > Cheers, > Ossie > > _________________________________________________________________ > Express yourself instantly with MSN Messenger! Download today - it's > FREE! http://messenger.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200471ave/direct/01/ > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > -- Robert r. Sanders Chief Technologist iPOV (334) 821-5412 www.ipov.net --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Radiotherapy and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma: validation of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Recursive Partitioning Analysis in the IMRT and temozolomide era
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0499-8
- Cite this article as:
- Paravati, A.J., Heron, D.E., Landsittel, D. et al. J Neurooncol (2011) 104: 339. doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0499-8
- Citations
- 893 Downloads
Since the development of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RTOG-RPA) risk classes for high-grade glioma, radiation therapy in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) has become standard care. While this combination has improved survival, the prognosis remains poor in the majority of patients. Therefore, strong interest in high-grade gliomas from basic research to clinical trials persists. We sought to evaluate whether the current RTOG-RPA retains prognostic significance in the TMZ era or alternatively, if modifications better prognosticate the optimal selection of patients with similar baseline prognosis for future clinical protocols. The records of 159 patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM, WHO grade IV) or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, WHO grade III) were reviewed. Patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent followed by adjuvant TMZ (n = 154) or adjuvant TMZ only (n = 5). The primary endpoint was overall survival. Three separate analyses were performed: (1) application of RTOG-RPA to the study cohort and calculation of subsequent survival curves, (2) fit a new tree model with the same predictors in RTOG-RPA, and (3) fit a new tree model with an expanded predictor set. All analyses used a regression tree analysis with a survival outcome fit to formulate new risk classes. Overall median survival was 14.9 months. Using the RTOG-RPA, the six classes retained their relative prognostic significance and overall ordering, with the corresponding survival distributions significantly different from each other (P < 0.01, χ2 statistic = 70). New recursive partitioning limited to the predictors in RTOG-RPA defined four risk groups based on Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), histology, age, length of neurologic symptoms, and mental status. Analysis across the expanded predictors defined six risk classes, including the same five variables plus tumor location, tobacco use, and hospitalization during radiation therapy. Patients with excellent functional status, AA, and frontal lobe tumors had the best prognosis. For patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade gliomas, RTOG-RPA classes retained prognostic significance in patients treated with TMZ and IMRT. In contrast to RTOG-RPA, in our modified RPA model, KPS rather than age represented the initial split. New recursive partitioning identified potential modifications to RTOG-RPA that should be further explored with a larger data set.
KeywordsGlioblastoma Anaplastic Astrocytoma RTOG-RPA Validation Temozolomide IMRT
High-grade gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), are the most common and most malignant brain tumors in adults. Prior to the development of temozolomide (TMZ), the survival of patients with high-grade gliomas had not improved significantly. Extent of surgical resection and adjuvant radiation have been shown in several clinical trials from the 1970s to the 1990s to be the best predictors of outcomes, leading to wide recognition of these modalities as standard therapy [1]. However, trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in the pre-temozolomide era were equivocal, including a meta-analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials that showed only a small survival benefit [2]. Over the past decade, several trials of novel biologic or other therapeutic interventions, excluding those of TMZ, have shown little impact on survival compared to the pretreatment and treatment-related factors described in the recursive partitioning analysis by Curran et al. [3, 4]. The division of high-grade glioma patients into prognostic groups formed from recursive partitioning across these pretreatment and treatment-related prognostic variables has proven valuable in myriad clinical trials [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
For patients treated with radiation therapy only, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RTOG-RPA) was developed to obtain groups of patients with similar survival times [3]. Because the survival of high-grade glioma patients remains relatively poor, there has been a sustained interest in developing phase II protocols. RTOG-RPA has been used extensively in the design and interpretation of phase II protocols and for refining stratification in phase III trials [5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17].
The principle advantage of using a recursive partitioning model to analyze survival is that tree models yield a more clinically interpretable result, and interactions and non-linearity are implicitly fit in the model. While the proportional hazards model provides relative risks based on patient characteristics, it does not translate into defined survival-based risk classes amendable to evaluating the efficacy of a therapy.
Prior to the TMZ era, RTOG-RPA was validated in two published series [4, 7]. However in recent years, TMZ was repeatedly shown to unequivocally improve overall survival of patients when given concurrently with radiation therapy and as adjuvant [16, 17, 18]. The acceptance of TMZ as standard treatment for high-grade glioma patients was a significant change in therapy following the development of the RTOG-RPA in 1993. In this context, we have conducted a validation study of RTOG-RPA to determine if it retains prognostic value in high-grade glioma patients treated with TMZ in addition to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with GBM and AA. We also report modifications to the existing RTOG-RPA that increased its prognostic value in our patients.
This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Institutional Review Board. One hundred seventy-six (176) patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade glioma who were treated with IMRT generated from EclipseTM TPS (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and TMZ between March 2004 and March 2009 were identified. In all cases, diagnosis was established by pathology review at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers. Patients with cerebellar (n = 6), brainstem (n = 5), pineal (n = 3) or optic tumors (n = 3) were excluded from further analysis. The remaining 159 patients were treated with IMRT and concurrent followed by adjuvant TMZ (n = 154) or adjuvant TMZ only (n = 5). All data included in this analysis were extracted from the paper and electronic medical records with blinding to patients' date of death and last follow-up.
The second analysis again used only the covariates in RTOG-RPA. The breakpoints for all covariates in this analysis were also the same as in RTOG-RPA. However, recursive partitioning was newly conducted to produce subgroups of patients whose survival was as homogenous as possible based on our current data.
For the third and final analysis, we fit a tree model to our cohort using an expanded set of predictors, including those in RTOG-RPA. The complete list of these predictors includes age, race, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), histology (GBM or AA), neurologic functional classification (class 1: able to work or class 2: able to be at home and classes 3: hospitalized), surgery type (biopsy or Gross total resection/subtotal resection), IMRT dose, hospital admission during IMRT, IMRT treatment breaks, tumor location, the presence or absence of coexisting medical conditions (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac disease), tobacco use, duration of TMZ treatment, duration of 13 neurologic signs and symptoms, and the presence or absence of each neurologic symptom. Those neurologic signs and symptoms were cerebral deficit, cranial nerve deficit, memory lag, personality change, seizure history, sensory deficit, motor deficit, papilledema, somnolence, speech impairment, headache, and mental status changes. Chemotherapy was not one of the treatment-related factors considered because all patients received TMZ.
The recursive partitioning model uses the rpart function in R statistical software [19] to identify the optimal split across all variables and across all possible cutoffs of each sorted variable. The optimality of a given split is judged using exponential scaling [20] to assess the log-likelihood defined by LeBlanc and Crowley [21]. Patients are then partitioned into the resulting subgroups, one with longer overall survival and one with shorter overall survival. This partitioning process is repeated until it produces terminal nodes that perfectly discriminate survival from death, or until the data cannot be partitioned further (i.e., n < 10 within subgroup). It should be noted that the given method does not utilize significance tests or P-values, but rather represents a computational approach to estimate the final subsets which are as homogeneous as possible in terms of survival. Inclusion or exclusion of a given variable from the tree therefore does not represent the presence or absence of statistical significance. All statistical analyses were conducted with R statistical software.
For terminal nodes resulting from recursive partitioning with similar survival distributions, we combined these nodes using the following algorithm: (1) order subgroups from shortest to longest median survival, (2) conduct the log-rank test between adjacent curves (i.e., with the most similar survival distributions), (3) combine nodes with non-significant results between them, unless they both originate from the same final split forming the given two terminal nodes, (4) reproduce the survival curves and related statistics (median survival, 2-year survival estimates) using the subsequently formed sub-groups. Overall survival outcomes in the combined recursively partitioned model were tested with the Harrington–Fleming test to determine if survival of the resulting risk classes were significantly different from each other.
Patient and treatment demographics
Patient demographics and tumor characteristics
Percent of assessable patients (no.)
61 (97)
39 (62)
Age (years)
19.4 (31)
15.7 (25)
30.2 (48)
34.6 (55)
94.3 (150)
5.7 (9)
Symptom duration (months)
52.2 (83)
22.6 (36)
25.2 (40)
Neurological class
1 Work
28.3 (45)
2 Home
66.7 (106)
3 Hospital
5.0 (8)
Karnofsky Performance Status
20.8 (33)
55.3 (88)
23.9 (38)
Tumor size (cm)
54.1 (86)
45.9 (73)
Tumor pathology
71.7 (114)
28.3 (45)
Tumor location
31.4 (50)
16.4 (26)
30.8 (49)
1.9 (3)
19.5 (31)
Treatment characteristics
Percentage of assessable patients
Extent of surgery
Gross total resection
33.9 (54)
Subtotal resection
30.2 (48)
Biopsy only
35.9 (57)
Total RT dose (Gy)
12.6 (20)
87.4 (139)
Survival by RTOG-RPA risk group
Survival by RTOG-RPA risk class in our cohort (A) compared to Curran et al. [3] (B)
Class (number of patients)
Median survival, months (IQ range)
2-Year survival %
31.0 (18.7–47.2)
27.5 (16.4–45.6)
25.0 (17.4–32.0)
17.7 (12.4–23.7)
10.8 (5.9–16.9)
6.4 (4.9–11.2)
Recursive partitioning by RTOG-RPA predictors
Recursive partitioning with expanded predictors
Multiple clinical trials of TMZ in combination with radiation therapy (RT) have provided clear evidence that its addition to RT after optimal surgical resection provides a clinically significant survival advantage compared to definitive or postoperative RT alone for high-grade glioma [11, 16, 17, 18]. However, neither these trials nor prior trials of other adjuvant treatments have shown as great an impact on survival as the pre-treatment and treatment-related factors in the RTOG-RPA risk classes [3]. Because concurrent and adjuvant TMZ have since become the standard of care for high-grade gliomas, we sought to validate the RTOG-RPA in a cohort of patients who were all treated with IMRT and TMZ. The continued validation of RTOG-RPA is highly valuable because it has been a critical tool in the design and interpretation of phase II trials and for stratification in phase III trials [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
By assigning RTOG-RPA risk class to each patient in our cohort, we found these classes retained their relative prognostic significance. This result is similar to the partial validation of a modified version of the RTOG-RPA (classes III, IV, V) by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) via secondary analysis of the EORTC 26981/22981-NCIC CE3 phase III randomized trial of radiation therapy and concurrent and adjuvant TMZ [17, 22]. In the EORTC study, median survival times (17, 15 and 10 months for classes III–V, respectively) were comparable to those of the corresponding RTOG-RPA risk classes in our cohort. However, the key distinction between the modified EORTC-RPA and the RTOG-RPA used in our analysis is the performance status and mental status scales used in the underlying clinical trials. In addition to examining only classes III–V, another difference between the EORTC validation and our analysis is that their partial validation was conducted from a cohort in which only approximately 50% of the patients received TMZ. Furthermore, all patients in the EORTC analysis had GBM and all were treated with 3D-conformal radiation therapy rather than IMRT.
Considering the total size of the present cohort (N = 159), validation of RTOG-RPA not surprisingly resulted in a limited number of patients in risk class II and III (n = 7 and n = 8, respectively) and in some variation in the ordering of the survival curves of those classes. However, consistent with RTOG-RPA, the median survival of risk class II was longer than that of risk class III, as was its survival curve during the majority of follow-up time. For all other risk classes, the survival results retained the prognostic ordering of RTOG-RPA throughout the follow-up period. In our analysis, risk classes III–VI had greater survival than the corresponding classes in the original RTOG-RPA analysis by Curran et al. [3]. Similarly, in the EORTC-modified partial RPA validation, patients who received TMZ had longer median and 2-year survival than those who received RT only in classes III–V [22]. Somewhat surprisingly, classes I and II had shorter survival than in the original series, although the likelihood of such a finding is increased by the overall size of this cohort.
Another, more recently published partial validation of the RTOG-RPA also focused only on the classification of GBM patients (AA excluded). In this study, all patients were derived from the RTOG glioma database and all received radiation plus carmustine in trials from 1974 to 1995 [23]. This analysis revealed that modifications to RTOG-RPA classes III–VI did not increase the explained variation of survival in their cohort. However, the authors favored combining classes V and VI, leaving only four prognostic factors (age, performance status, extent of resection, and neurologic function), to simplify the application of RPA to GBM patients despite achieving no improvement in prognostic performance. Applying this simplified model to the RTOG glioma database, produced median survival times (17.1, 11.2 and 7.5 months for risk classes III, IV, and V + VI, respectively) that are also comparable to the corresponding RTOG-RPA risk classes in our cohort. The recent RTOG and EORTC validations [22, 23] and our analysis which together are comprised of data collected over decades in which radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and diagnostic techniques have advanced greatly indicate that the pretreatment patient and tumor characteristics initially described and organized by Curran et al. [3] likely continue to have a greater impact on outcome than do most treatment factors.
Several cooperative group trials and single-institution analyses of high-grade gliomas have identified performance status, histopathology (GBM or AA), and patient age as prognostic markers of patient survival with and without the use of recursive partitioning techniques [3, 7, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]. Our results are consistent with these past findings. However, compared to the RTOG-RPA, new recursive partitioning of our cohort based on the treatment and pre-treatment prognostic markers in RTOG-RPA, resulted in four significantly different risk classes with KPS rather than age as the most prognostic or initial branch point of the risk tree. Consistent with RTOG-RPA, onset of neurological symptoms greater than 3 months prior to surgery had a protective prognostic role and has been speculated to reflect relatively less aggressive disease [3]. Survival analysis based on these four risk groups produced greater separation of each groups' Kaplan–Meier curve compared to those produced by assigning RTOG-RPA class to each patient in our cohort. This increased prognostic power is quantified in the greater χ2 statistic (111 compared to 70, respectively). In both the recently published RTOG analysis [23] and another recursive partitioning analysis limited to GBM patients enrolled in clinical trials prior to the TMZ era [7], the importance of KPS at presentation and patient age as prognostic markers was also seen. Furthermore, similar to our results, the impact of stratification of KPS at 70 on survival has also been described in the neurosurgical literature [27, 28].
The new recursive partitioning of our cohort based both on treatment and pre-treatment variables in RTOG-RPA in addition to the several additional variables outlined above, similarly resulted in KPS as the most significant or initial branch point of the risk tree. Some additional prognostic markers that do not appear in RTOG-RPA include tumor location, hospital admission during radiation therapy treatment, and history of tobacco use. While there is some controversy regarding the survival benefit of cytoreductive surgery prior to radiation therapy and TMZ [29, 30, 31], our finding that tumor location (frontal lobe) partitioned those with relatively good prognosis into risk groups I or II, is an interesting finding that could be further evaluated in a larger cohort. However, while tumor location has been reported to predict survival in prior analyses [11, 15], the number of patients subject to this decision point would be small in most clinical trials. The appearance of tobacco use as a marker of worse survival in malignant glioma patients with poor-functional status is new and as such is subject to uncertainty regarding its prognostic value. Secondary recursive partitioning analysis of multi-institutional clinical trials of glioma patients from the TMZ era could potentially suggest the need for adjustments to RTOG-RPA or confirm the superior prognostic power of RTOG-RPA in its current form.
Although this is a retrospective review spanning 5 years and as such is subject to all the usual limitations, approximately one-third of these patients received TMZ on prospective clinical trials and thus underwent more rigorous monitoring in follow-up. Additional limitations of this study are inherent to the exploratory nature of recursive partitioning analysis. While this statistical technique has gained popularity in recent years because it can place patients in clearly definable risk categories, it is a nonparametric test with limitations. A statement of the probability that patients in a particular terminal node will survive to a given date cannot be made because of the nonparametric and post-hoc nature of this technique. In addition, the precise pattern of selection of prognostic factors can vary with only small changes in the group under study. This can occur if two or more variables have very similar prognostic power or are highly correlated. Lastly, the recursive partitioning technique may split a risk group on a variable that creates terminal nodes with survival distributions that are not significantly different from each other. However, such variables could be significant predictors of survival via traditional survival analyses.
Since the creation of the RTOG-RPA, it has been increasingly recognized that not all patients with high-grade glioma have the same prognosis. Interest in prognostically-important molecular markers and the development of targeted therapies is now emerging, as evident in several recent series [32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37]. In addition to the partial RPA validation, three nomograms were produced from the EORTC/NCIC clinical trial to predict outcomes for individual patients with newly diagnosed GBM [34]. An advantage of these nomograms is the potential for more individualized and more accurate prediction of a particular patient's survival than can be obtained from RPA. However, the major limitation of the nomograms is that their prognostic utility has yet to be validated in separate independent datasets. In the nomogram for patients who received RT and TMZ, the same prognostic factors as those in RTOG-RPA were recognized (performance status, age, mental status, and extent of resection). However, the EORTC/NCIC glioma clinical trial dataset allowed for the creation of a nomogram including additional prognostic factors not examined in the RTOG RPA model such as MGMT methylation status which was first established by Hegi et al. [35] to significantly impact outcomes of patients receiving alkylating chemotherapy like TMZ.
In addition to MGMT methylation status, another area of active investigation is gene profiling using DNA microarrays to identify gene expression patterns that may classify glioma tumors into prognostic groups [38]. From this analysis, AA has been separated into three prognostic subclasses corresponding to the stages in neurogenesis: proneural, proliferative, and mesenchymal. Recurrent tumors displayed a tendency to shift toward the mesenchymal subclass which was shown to have the worst prognosis [38].
More recently, biomarkers such as PTEN and EGFR have been investigated as potential prognostic markers in GBM. Also whole-genome sequencing of GBM samples has identified an R132H (arginine to histidine) somatic mutation in the isocitric dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) gene that has been shown to be present in more than 80% of grade II and grade III gliomas [39, 40, 41, 42, 43]. Subsequent studies have implicated the IDH1 R132H mutation in the early pathogenesis of glioma by acting in a dominant-negative manner to produce an approximately 100-fold elevation in levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate, a known onco-metabolite in human glioma samples [39, 40, 41, 42, 43]. Further elucidation of this pathway may establish serum markers for earlier diagnosis of low-grade glioma prior to malignant transformation or novel targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. Once the prognostic utility of each of the above markers is more fully understood, additional modifications to RPA or the EORTC nomograms will likely be required. The collection of these studies suggests that more precise estimates of patients' risks soon after diagnosis based on both clinical predictors and some combination of molecular markers will be possible and that eventually customized, targeted treatments have the potential to be established for high-grade glioma.
Our validation of RTOG-RPA suggests that it maintains prognostic significance and should continue to be used to predict individual patient outcomes for those treated with IMRT and TMZ and for interpretation and stratification of clinical trials. Although new recursive partitioning of our cohort indicates that KPS may be more prognostic in patients treated with TMZ than it was in RTOG-RPA, the relatively small size (N = 159) of our cohort compared to the original analysis by Curran et al. [3] suggests potential modifications to this classification that should be further explored through analysis of a larger cohort.
The contribution to this manuscript by Anthony J. Paravati was supported by the Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellowship. Contributions by Douglas Landsittel and Yi-Fan Chen were supported by the University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute Supplement 3 UL1 RR024153-04S4.
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute Supplement 3 UL1 RR024153-04S4.
Conflict of interest
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


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Sound Tribe Sector 9Sun, March 24, 2013 - 8:30 PMThe Orange Peel in Asheville, NC
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Electric EGK Parker White Kids Goggles - $49.90
Electric EGK Parker White Kids Goggles - Parker White likes to ski as fast as he can and ski smooth. All good style is based off originality and Parker White proves that every day on the slopes. Featuring an ergonomic, mold injected thermo-plastic urethane frame and a dual spherical polycarbonate lens. You get the same cold-weather flexibility in the frame and anti-fog protection with an additional anti-scratch hard coating that any parent will appreciate. The dual lenses offer a thermal barrier against the elements that keep your little one's face dry, warm and well protected against the elements. The contoured double layer face foam lined in a cozy fleece hugs tiny faces and with a little adjustment in the strap. Little eyes are shielded against harmful UVA/UVB rays with the 100% protection Electric lenses offer which will also help reduce eye fatigue from harsh, continuous sunlight. With frames and lens in fun, stylish colors to choose from, kids and parents agree - the EGK by Electric is a growing favorite! . Race: No, Category: Kids, OTG: No, Comes w/ Case: No, Special Feature: No, Frame Size: Small, Spherical Lens: Yes, Polarized: No, Photochromatic: No, Rubberized Strap: No, Helmet Compatible: Yes, Frame Size: Small, Lens Shape: Spherical, Lens Type: Mirrored, Model Year: 2013, Product ID: 282997 - $49.90


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He walked down the aisle at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California, to a thunderous reception, perhaps the biggest received by an individual mixed martial arts fighter since Chuck Liddell at UFC 79 or Randy Couture at UFC 68.
Clearly, the UFC's efforts to market him to the Hispanic audience had paid off in droves. He was greeted by the heavily Hispanic crowd as a conquering hero, the biggest star of the biggest show in the world.
Velasquez, though, is a realist. He wasn't shocked by the reception he received, but he knew that sooner or later, he'd lose. Sooner or later, it happens to everyone in MMA.
This was that night for Velasquez. He was hit on the side of the head by Junior dos Santos and lost his title in just 64 seconds.
Clearly, Velasquez was disappointed to lose his belt. Not being the champion hurt, he conceded. Contrary to the ovation he received on the way to the cage, on the long, slow walk back to the locker room, some folks hung around to boo him.
That, though, isn't what pained him so much in the aftermath of that stunningly quick defeat.
His regret is not so much that he lost, but that he didn't do much to put on a show for the adoring crowd he had attracted or for the national television audience watching on Fox.
In his mind's eye, he foresaw a long fight that pulled fans from their seats, roaring in appreciation of an epic battle. Instead they saw a lot of feinting, circling, one punch and a quick finish.
"I especially wanted to go out there and give the fans a great fight," Velasquez said following a news conference at the MGM Grand to formally announce UFC 146 on May 26. "For it to go the way it did, that definitely sucked.
"I'm a realist. I knew I wasn't going to go through my career undefeated. That's how this sport is. People lose. Even the best guys lose. I knew as soon as it was over, I had to pick myself back up and keep going forward. I do have some extra motivation now, for sure, but I wish that for that night things had gone differently and that the fans had gotten the fight they came to see."
Velasquez will face Frank Mir, another former UFC heavyweight champion, in the co-main event of UFC 146, with the winner slated to meet the winner of the title fight between dos Santos and No. 1 contender Alistair Overeem.
It's a fascinating match in a division that suddenly is full of potential matches.
When Mir first won the title in 2004, the UFC heavyweight division was laughably inept. There were few men capable of competing with Mir, a big, smart and intelligent fighter who had extraordinary jiu-jitsu skills.
Now, the division is far deeper, perhaps even better than the vaunted PRIDE heavyweight division of 2004-05, which featured Fedor Emelianenko in his prime, Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira and Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic, among many others.
Overeem, who fought in PRIDE during those years, said he has little doubt that the current crop of heavyweights in the UFC is the best ever assembled in one promotion.
"This division is more hard," Overeem said of the UFC's roster of heavyweights. "There are more top guys. Basically in PRIDE, you had three guys: Nogueira, Cro Cop and Fedor. The rest were all dangling around. Here you have, I would say, maybe a true top 10, maybe 10 top guys who all … can pose problems."
Few have caused more problems than Velasquez, a low-key guy whose extraordinary talent has been a bit overlooked given his lack of self-promotion.
A win over Mir, coming off a frightening submission victory over Nogueira at UFC 140, would vault Velasquez right back to the top.
The second time around, though, Velasquez isn't going to be worried so much about putting on the show.
When he reflected upon what happened with dos Santos, he came to the realization that it wasn't his Hispanic fans or the television audience who lost the most that night.
The loser was a lot closer to home.
"Ultimately, I let myself down [with the way the fight went]," Velasquez said. "I don't ever want that to happen, and not for Fox or anything else. I want to go out there and win. Stuff happens. I get that, but I definitely wasn't happy with my performance. What it comes down to it, I don't want to be in that position again."


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UAE minister warns Gulf alliance faces a major crisis
DUBAI A United Arab Emirates government minister on Sunday warned that an alliance of Gulf Arab states was facing a major crisis and he said there was an urgent need to rebuild trust.
(The following statement was released by the rating agency)
Nov 23 - Fitch Ratings has affirmed Westpac Banking Corporation's (WBC, 'AA-'/Stable/'F1+') residential mortgage covered bonds at 'AAA' with a Stable Outlook.
The rating is based on WBC's Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) of 'AA-', a Discontinuity Cap (D-Cap) of 2 (high) and an asset percentage (AP) of 86.8%, which is equivalent to Fitch's breakeven AP of 86.8% for a 'AAA' rating.
In terms of sensitivity of the covered bonds' rating, the 'AAA' rating would be vulnerable to downgrade if the IDR is downgraded by two or more notches; the Discontinuity-Cap (D-Cap) falls by more than one category; or the programme's AP rises above 86.8%.
Westpac Banking Corporation
Long-Term Issuer Default Rating: 'AA-', Outlook Stable
Mortgage covered bond rating: 'AAA', Outlook Stable
D-Cap: 2 (high)
Asset segregation: very low
Liquidity gap and systemic risk: high
Cover pool-specific alternative management: low
Systemic alternative management: moderate
Privileged derivatives: moderate
The driver of the D-Cap is the high risk assessment for the liquidity gap and systemic risk. This is principally driven by programme documentation which provides, in certain circumstances, for a six-month period prior to a scheduled covered bond maturity for cover pool asset sales, while Fitch has assessed the time required to sell cover pool assets in Australia as 12 months.
The system-based alternative management and privileged derivatives components are assessed as moderate from a discontinuity point of view. Cover-pool specific alternative management is assessed as low and asset segregation as very low risk in terms of discontinuity, in line with all Australian programmes. The D-Cap of 2, when combined with the institution's IDR and potential recovery uplift, supports a 'AAA' rating on the covered bonds.
As of 31 October 2012, the cover pool consisted of approximately 54,000 loans secured by first ranking mortgages of Australian residential properties with a total outstanding balance of AUD13.5bn. The portfolio is wholly made up of full documentation loans which have a weighted average current loan-to-value ratio of 61.6%, and a weighted average seasoning of 45.9 months. Floating-rate loans represent 85.0% of the cover pool.
In a 'AAA' scenario, Fitch has calculated a weighted average frequency of foreclosure for the cover assets of 9.4%, and a weighted average recovery rate of 55.5%. The cover pool is geographically distributed across Australia's states, with the largest concentrations being in New South Wales (44.4%) and Victoria (30.0%). The agency's mortgage default analysis is based on its Australian residential mortgage criteria.
The outstanding covered bonds, totalling AUD10.4bn, are guaranteed by BNY Trust Company of Australia Limited as trustee of the Westpac Covered Bond Trust.
The Fitch breakeven AP for the covered bond rating will be affected, among others, by the profile of the cover assets relative to outstanding covered bonds, which can change over time, even in the absence of new issuance. Therefore it cannot be assumed to remain stable over time.
DUBAI A United Arab Emirates government minister on Sunday warned that an alliance of Gulf Arab states was facing a major crisis and he said there was an urgent need to rebuild trust.
DUBAI, May 28 A United Arab Emirates government minister on Sunday warned that an alliance of Gulf Arab states was facing a major crisis and he said there was an urgent need to rebuild trust.
WASHINGTON U.S. President Donald Trump attacked the news media and dismissed leaks from the White House as "fake news" on Sunday, following reports his son-in-law tried to set up a secret channel of communications with Moscow before Trump took office.


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The Flood and Water Management Act came into force in 2010 with the aim of providing better, more comprehensive management of flood risk for people, homes and businesses. The legislation implemented a number of recommendations that came out of the Government's investigation into the summer 2007 floods, led by Sir Michael Pitt.
Five years on from the implementation of the Act, it seems opportune to reflect on whether Pitt's aspirations have been realised.
The Act was a catalyst for change in the flood risk management world, as it clarified the roles and responsibilities of different flood risk management authorities. Of note was the introduction of the Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA).
The LLFA gained responsibility for managing flood risk from
They do this through :
Though roles and responsibilities can be written in black and white, the behaviour of floodwater often makes it very difficult to apportion responsibility. In my role as Flood Mitigation Manager at Nottingham City Council, I have worked with several communities in the City where the cause of flooding was multifaceted. As with many urban locations, communities that suffer flooding can live many miles from a river. In intense rainfall events, highway drainage can be overwhelmed, water can flood out of public sewers, road gullies may work in reverse and high river levels can 'tidelock' outfalls from sewers and drains. Streets turn into rivers, fountains spray out of the carriageway and water flows into homes and businesses.
I've had many lengthy conversations that debate the question:
When rainfall exceeds the design capacity of sewers and causes water to flow overland, who is responsible? The Water Company, the LLFA, the Highway Authority?
It is not a single organisation that has responsibility and reducing flood risk in such situations is not straightforward! Try explaining that to a member of the public who has had their life turned upside down in the blink of an eye. In these situations, the duty for LLFAs to lead flood investigations, coordinate risk management authorities and support communities is, in my view, a fundamental achievement of the Act.
Reducing the risk of flooding in these complex situations is costly. Defra's recent move to develop a six year capital investment plan is a step in the right direction. However, the reduction in revenue funding is a major concern. Should we build more infrastructure when it's becoming more and more difficult to look after what we already have?
New development provides flood risk management opportunities and Sir Michael Pitt recognised that there were long standing issues with the adoption and maintenance of sustainable drainage features in new developments. As a result, the legislation included provision for LLFAs to become a Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) Approval Body (SAB) which would:
In April 2015 Defra and DCLG opted for a 'watered down' version of the SAB placing no responsibility on a single organisation to adopt or maintain SuDS. The lack of adopting body for SuDS is a cause for concern among many LLFAs.
Many of Sir Michael Pitt's aspirations have been realised in the past five years and countless communities across England have benefited as a result. LLFAs have made vast progress in establishing resource and skills to implement the new legislation. Progress, capacity and resource vary nationally and Defra's ongoing review into the implementation of the Act will undoubtedly identify geographic disparities.
There remain key areas for improvement and Defra, the Environment Agency, Local Authorities, Ofwat and Water Companies must work together to resolve the funding and regulation disparities that create challenges for managing complex flooding issues.
The new Government must realise that as long as rain falls from the sky, flooding will happen and communities will suffer. Consistent and sufficient funding must be guaranteed to ensure adequate investment in new flood risk management infrastructure and long term maintenance of existing assets.
Fay Bull is the current Flood Mitigation Manager at Nottingham City Council and will shortly move to AECOM as a Principal Flood Risk Management Consultant.


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Barena Venezia Capospalla coat was hand made in Italy and comes in a navy. The coat features Three button closure , two flap pockets and an internal pocket.
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Company Description: Smiths Connectors is a leading supplier of application specific, high reliability electrical interconnect solutions from highly integrated assemblies to micro-miniature connectors and spring probe contacts.
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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Nelson Bryan Smith MDOgle Mall Pigeon Forge, Tennessee United States of America
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#1 Consumer Comment
This is great doctor
SUBMITTED: Monday, September 07, 2015POSTED: Monday, September 07, 2015
I have been a patient of Dr. Nelson Bryan Smith on and off for years. He is very well liked in the community and does a great job. His fees are much less than most emergency room visits and about the same as a walkin clinic. I have lots of friends that use his serivces when they can't get in to see their own doctor and they all agree. The lady that is making this complaint does not understand the enormous expenses it takes to keep a doctor's office running. She was told up front what the prices would be and then she decided to go shopping elsewhere for a cheaper price. She owes Dr. Smith an apology.
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Heifer's Work Around the World
See where Heifer is working around the world to end hunger.
Inspired to Make a Difference
"My name is Lauren and I told my church about Heifer International. Before Christmas, my mom and I were going through our catalogs and I found this one. The next minute my mom asked who I was calling, I told her Heifer International. She had many questions, but she had to wait till I was done. A month later, I was speaking at church. I raised $2,055 to give to Heifer International..." Please click the title of the story to read Lauren's speech!
Art Student Finds Way to Give Back for the Holidays
Howdy everyone! My name is Ellie Stokes, and I am a student artist of 14 years, living in San Francisco. I am growing up in an incredibly privileged city and community, and I want to assist communities unlike my own to the best of my efforts through art. This Winter, I want to do my part in honor of this giving season-- not only by donating myself to Heifer, but by getting others to donate. I have recently discovered the website, Redbubble-- a platform for individual artists to sell and display their pieces on merchandise-- and decided to put my many designs' proceeds to good use... Please click the title of the story to read more!
Rabbits, bees and fish, oh my!
This October, the children of Hyde Park United Methodist in Tampa, FL celebrated and learned about Heifer International during their Sunday morning programming, Sunday Morning Live. The children donated over $520 to Heifer in October through an offering collected during Sunday Morning Live. Please Click the title of the story to read more!!
Paintings for Heifer!
My Little Ones Creating Paintings for Heifer! Photos Submitted by Serena G.
Throwback Thursday - Korean Family Thankful for Gifts of Livestock
1966 - A photo of a Korean mother and her two children who received the gift of livestock through Heifer's mission efforts.
First Graders at Pietrini School Read for a Cause
"When I grow up, I want to go to these places and help the people," first grader Diego Reyes, reflected on his experience with Heifer International's Read to Feed program. Diego is one of four extraordinary first-graders along with a big brother who participated in the Read to Feed program at Pietrini School, located in Franklin Park, Illinois... Please click the title of the story to read more!!
The Preacher Wears the PJs
January 22, 2016 To Whom It May Concern, We are a small church in a town called Shriever, Louisiana. I teach the older Sunday School class with only 2 students regularly. We did a fundraiser with the preacher and his wife. They agreed that if the boys/men gave the most money than the preacher's wife would have to wear pig pjs and if the girls/women gave the most money than the preacher would have to wear the pig pjs. As you can see from the picture, you can guess who won. Thought you would get a laugh out of this! Our Sunday School class would like to purchase with our $395.00: 2 pigs A trio of rabbits A hive of honeybees A flock of geese A flock of chicks A flock of ducks Thank you! Dawn Terracina Teacher
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Ainsley
Submitted by Ainsley | Georgia
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Angela
Submitted by Angela | California
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Precious
Submitted by Precious | California
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Jennifer
Submitted by Jennifer | California
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Students at Bella Vista Elementary
Recently, Heifer received a letter from Kathleen M., a long-time Heifer International donor and a Special Education teacher in California. In the letter she shared that this year, instead of giving her students traditional holiday gifts, she wanted to teach her students why she loves to give to Heifer. After passing around Heifer's "Most Important Gift Catalog in the World," Kathleen held a nomination for the animal her students most wanted to donate to Heifer. The classroom decided on a pig and a few other smaller donations. As a thank you for participating, she passed out kid-friendly honor cards, asking her students to draw what Heifer means to them. For the next week or so, we will be sharing their drawings with you. We hope you enjoy looking at their depictions of Heifer's mission as much as we did!
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Michelle
Submitted by Michelle | Age 8 | Colorado
The Generosity of a Chicago Medical Community Changes Lives
I received a Heifer catalog in the mail in October. I was struck with the idea of blessing a family on the other side of the world that I would never meet with a Christmas gift that could positively impact their lives; and I liked the idea of giving an actual animal--in my suburban Chicago life that is not the kind of gift we are accustomed to giving. I brought up the idea to my co-workers in the Palos Community Hospital Surgery and PACU departments and my fellow nurses, aides, supervisors, secretaries, and pharmacists all grabbed onto it and ran with it. Each payday we reminded each other to put aside just a little towards our goal of giving a Christmas cow. We kept a running tab of our donations on our "Heifer-ometer" in our staff lounge, and little by little we approached our goal. We passed the $500 mark in early December and my co-workers wanted to do more: "How much is a sheep--they give milk and wool, and how about chickens?" They just never stopped giving, and by Christmas we had decided to give a cow, sheep, pig, and 5 flocks of chicks with the $840 we all donated. I know that the world is a crazy place and that I can do little to change the violence that is so often in the news, but I couldn't help but feel a little hope and joy that a bunch of unrelated people, who at times don't even get along with each other, could come together and plant a little bit of peace in the world and do something together that we couldn't accomplish individually. I was proud to be a part of it. May it continue in each of us. Rick Hultgen, RN Palos Community Hospital Surgery Department
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Sam
Submitted by Sam | Age 8 | Colorado
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Patanjali
Submitted by Patanjali | Virginia
Feed the Pig Project
While viewing a DVD on missions, our Sunday School class of 5- to 9-year olds wanted to find a way to help the world. Since they all love animals and since they knew this gift could continue to grow, they decided on Heifer International. In our small church, it became affectionately called the Feed the Pig project! Click the title of this story to read more!
What Heifer Gifts Mean to Avery
Heifer would like to thank Avery for participating in our first annual honor card contest!
National Honor Society Dedicates Precious Time to Heifer
Shannon Scott, Proviso West High School Librarian, recently sent a very generous donation to Heifer International on behalf of the school's National Honor Society. Along with the donation, she included a brief letter explaining a bit about how the students came to raise funds for Heifer...
Three Little Pigs
What fun we had in Sunday School raising money for 3 Little Pigs for Heifer International during Lent this year! We are a small church, so our goal was to raise money for one pig but our colorful piggy banks inspired many givers. Each Sunday School student painted a small piggy bank and we lined them up under a bulletin board display featuring pigs colored by children of all ages. Even visitors were moved to give! Thank you for this opportunity, Heifer International!
Coins for Cows
At the beginning of March 2015, Heifer International received a flier from Kate Prominski and Betsy Svanda, 7th grade Social Studies teachers in Michigan. The adorable flier detailed a fundraiser that they hosted with their students. Click the title of this story to read more...
Courage to Change
Last fall over 30 at-risk teens in the Courage to Change program in Denton, TX, raised over $800 for Heifer International's Read to Feed Campaign. They learned that they can make a difference and bring awareness to world poverty and hunger through reading. They even wrote a rap about it! Click the title of this story to read more...
Kiss a Pig!
A small community of 4,000 surpasses their fundraising goal for Heifer International and the resulting consequences are adorable. Click the title of this story to read more...
Making Pigs Fly in Papua New Guinea
There appeared to be little hope, the viability of the farm was in serious doubt. Then I read about Heifer International and how they manage to fly various animal's across the globe. "It they can do it, so can we," said one of the students.


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Omar Khadr's confession can be used at Guantanamo trial
GUANTANAMO BAY U.S. NAVAL BASE, Cuba (Reuters) - A U.S. military judged ruled on Monday that Canadian prisoner Omar Khadr's confessions to interrogators can be used as evidence against him in his murder and terrorism conspiracy trial at Guantanamo.
Khadr's lawyers claimed the statements were illegally obtained through torture and cruelty, and had asked the judge to throw them out. The judge rejected that argument.
(Reporting by Jane Sutton, Editing by Sandra Maler)
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved.


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All Together
Jewish song
Young people, our children are there, on the streets in front of the banks and stock exchanges. They live in tents, they eat from grills, they endure rain and scorching heat. They organized, they keep order, they stay there for at least a month and now in Oakland and Atlanta the police attacked them with viciousness. MSM reports it as " town authorities losing patience..' You hear that, parents? Town authorities are losing patience with your kids. They are declaring an open season on them. No, they don't send the police to protect them, to help them to protest, to retain their dignity. They tear them apart. And we .. we eat that.
In the old movie with Jimmy Stewart the lawyer he plays does not approve of his daughter's protests but he lies down on the ground beside her when he sees that her right to protest is violated. Now we just" criticize from behind. We, the parents are not worthy of our kids. We are the ones who support all those atrocities against them because we are silent and silence means agreement. We comply- they die. They die for us in the abominable wars, they die for us in the streets, they die for us in the killing fields of Congo, they die for us in the Iraqi mass murders, they die for us in the Palestinian camps. That is because they all are our children and if we betray the OWS we betray them all.
Here it comes. It is not enough to just be a parent, to provide, to nourish and to protect from the diseases. Turned out that the primary function of any parent is to stay together with his/her children, ALL children in front of the state machine. It is not enough to have a house and a car; times had come to make a choice; either you are the part of the problem or a part of the solution. We, the parents must condemn the violence against our children no matter who did it and under what pretence. We must extend our full support to our kids because they took the place we were supposed to take if we were not so cowardly.
The glorious Yiddish song calls all the people to come together in celebration. OWS movement is the celebration of the proud exhibit of goodness, seldom in the US since we had our Y2001. It will be an eternal celebration if we, the parents start doing our job- supporting, helping, organizing our kind, preparing for the General Assembly, fighting tooth and nail against that wave of slander rolling over the movement. Let's do it together, folks. Help your kids on your soil. Talk in your churches and charities. Demand actions, demand help, demand donations. Let's start with OEN proclaiming its solidarity with the OWS and its goals, offering its informational resources to OWS as a place of voice. Lomir Ale In Einem, people. Together we can prevail.
Let's make it real. Let's show those vampires we are in charge. Do not leave our kids alone in the void. Let them know, like in Chicago in 1968, that they have the support of those 99% they are a part of. Don't be afraid, people. Invent the sign of OWS solidarity, the sign and a song. Let it become the powerful force sweeping the country and taking it out of the seizure. Let our family be together again. Viva Ben & Jerry who announced their support. Are we worthy of the ice-cream we eat at least?
We shall overcome together! To all your health, people.
Lomir zan gizint!


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fr3d420's review of Johnson & Johnson Baby Oil
372 reviews
86% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $
INGREDIENTSMineral Oil (Paraffinum Liquidum), Fragrance (Parfum)
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I have the Shea & Cocoa Butter variety. I use this almost exclusively on my legs. Always right after a shower, brush teeth etc. for about 5 mins, then throw on some sweatpants. I really really love how soft this makes my legs. My first bottles almost out & I definitely will be getting another. The bottle is a bit annoying but for the results who cares? Putting it into a spray bottle for application makes it a bit easier but usually sprays half the bathroom too.
Read all 372 reviews of Baby Oil
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Fruit of the Earth Aloe Vera Gel
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Tamanna Bhatia to be banned?
By: Ramchander
Subscribe to Filmibeat
Some of the Tamil groups, including director Seeman's Naam Thamizhar Iyakkam have raised voice against Tamanna Bhatia for going to Sri Lanka. Earlier, in a bid to condemn the Sri Lankan government on killing of innocent Tamils in the island nation, the office bearers of the Kollywood had passed a motion not to go to the trouble-hit country for the film shoots.
It may be recalled that Asin Thottumkal had faced the wrath of the Tamil film industry after going to Sri Lanka for the filming of her Bollywood flick Ready. She narrowly escaped from a ban after she claimed that the shoots were planned much-before the motion against visiting the island nation was passed.
Read more about: tamanna, ram charan teja
Other articles published on Jul 12, 2011


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PrizeGrab Exposed – Will You Take Home the Apple Macbook Air?
PrizeGrab Review
Are you going to grab your prize at PrizeGrab.com? The options on prizes here are mind boggling with daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly prizes. But are you actually going to get your prize? Let's look.
What Is PrizeGrab?
PrizeGrab is an online site where players can choose between a whole heap of different prizes to play for. You could simply spend hours clicking on "enter" there is such an array. Add to this, there are some linked advertising sites for articles that are sponsored.
Who Can Participate?
Let's be clear. The sweepstakes is only open to people who are 18 years or older and live in the United State of America. That doesn't include any US territories, Guam, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
What Are the Prizes Offered by PrizeGrab?
It gets a little dizzy looking at the range of prizes at PrizeGrab starting with the $10 Amazon gift card up to the $5,000 giveaway. Do you want to win a $50 Burger King Gift Card or maybe the Weber 3 Burner Propane Grill? The range of prizes changes daily and there doesn't seem to be any limit to how many can enter. The bigger the prize the longer the period until the draw takes place i.e. the $10 Amazon gift card is a daily draw versus the Samsung 4K 55" Ultra HD Curved Smart TV runs for 4 months before the draw takes place.
Who Owns Prize Grab?
PrizeGrab is owned by Fun Grab, a company registered in Delaware. Now digging deeper, we find out that Fun Grab is actually owned by Amazon.com – so it all starts to make sense with the amount of prizes that are gift cards from Amazon. PrizeGrab has an office/sponsor address located in San Francisco.
What Are the Terms & Conditions?
Each of the different prizes has their own rules, though there is one important term and condition that is across all prizes. You have five days to respond to the notification you have won or you forfeit your prize. In most cases, you can enter for a prize more than one time a day.
How to Collect a Prize?
Upon notification by email about winning, players have to submit an affidavit of eligibility and a liability & publicity release with a prescribed period of time. If you can't be reached or you don't respond, you are out of luck and the prize goes back to be re-drawn.
PrizeGrab Feedback and Complaints
Getting in touch with PrizeGrab.com is recommended by them (their own words) by the online form or email. They say they have such a high demand of calls they can't respond to them anymore. There is a snail mail address.
Is PrizeGrab.com Scam or Legit?
There were some comments online that suggest that the names of winners is false, that you are entered even if you do not log in and that they've played for ages and never won anything. Then again, this is free and players can actually enter more than three times on most prizes, so I can't imagine the actual odds. Add to this there is also a comment in their small print that "we do not respond to do-not-track cookies or other do-not-track technology". Part of what they are doing is gathering info on where you surf.
Bottom Line at PrizeGrab.com
They say very clearly they will share your information with other companies, though, you can opt out of this by writing them. It clearly underlines the fact that this is a company that is mining for email addresses, building databases – or collecting information on where you go online.
Lots and Lots of Prizes
Daily, Weekly, Monthly Prizes
Only for US Residents
Only 5 days to Grab your Prize
Spam & Other Offers?
This site gets a thumbs up on prizes (just remember you only have 5 days to claim) and potentially a thumbs down on spam and other email offers.


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Fresh Heir/References
< Fresh Heir
5,976pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
- The title is a play on the phrase "fresh air."
- The Woody Allen film referenced is Annie Hall. Woody's marriage to adopted daughter Soon-Yi Previn is also referenced.
Previous Episode's References /// Fresh Heir's References \\\ Next Episode's References


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Men's Bridge & Burn Harbor Windowpane Plaid
Men's Bridge & Burn Harbor Windowpane Plaid
Short sleeve button up, single chest patch pocket in linen-blend windowpane plaid. Measurements: Small Medium Large XLarge Chest: 39 42 45 51 Body Length From Shoulder to Hem: 28.5 28.75 29.75 31.75 Designed in Portland, OR. Manufactured responsibly in China.
Bridge & Burn
Founded in 2009 and based in Portland, Oregon, Bridge & Burn creates apparel for people who appreciate clean lines, well crafted and functional pieces. Taking inspiration from everyday life, their aesthetic is anchored in quiet confidence and make-it-your-own versatility. Great fits combine with remarkable, distinctly utilitarian details, culminating in clothing that's made to be worn and a pleasure to wear. Shop for women and men.


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Investment Management MScCoventry University
In Scarborough (Grossbritannien)
£ 9.602 - (11.025 €)
zzgl. MwSt.
Wichtige informationen
- Master
- Scarborough (Grossbritannien)
- Wann:
September 2017
Was lernen Sie in diesem Kurs?
Financial Services
Investment Management
Financial Training
IT Management
Skills and Training
" Investment Management MSc
If you'd like to know more about our courses, tweet us with your questions! #AskCU— Coventry University (@covcampus) September 26, 2012 OVERVIEW
Financial markets are becoming ever more innovative, dynamic and global. The Investment Management MSc is designed as a specialist programme aimed at students wishing to pursue a career in the expanding financial services sector.WHY CHOOSE THIS COURSE?
This course has a strong focus on your future international business career; by choosing to study at Coventry you will benefit from:
- a programme of study that is designed to be more practical with less emphasis on the use of mathematical methods. For example, teaching makes use of the industry-standard Thomson-Reuters Eikon financial database;
- a course that focuses on providing the types of skills and tools used by financial service professionals in the City of London and other leading financial centres;
- a course that leads to exemptions from Chartered Institute of Securities and Investment professional qualifications (their Introduction to Securities and Investment module and their Fund Management module);
- a course that gives you the opportunity to gain Thomson-Reuters Eikon certification;
- a course that provides opportunities to enrol on the internship programme to undertake a workplace project on behalf of an organisation;
- a course that enables you to achieve professional financial services skills vital for personal financial planning and associated investment management.
Programme Structure
Semester 1
- Investment analysis using Reuters;
- Institutional investments;
- Bond markets and fixed income securities;
- Quantitative methods for finance.
Semester 2
- Portfolio management;
- Financial risk management;
- Behavioural finance;
- International financial markets.
Semester 3
- Research methods;
- Dissertation or company internship and report.
Stimmt etwas nicht mit diesem Kurs? Informieren Sie uns wenn Sie einen Fehler entdecken und helfen somit auch anderen Usern wie Sie.


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A 21-year-old Menomonee Falls man's day took a turn for the worse when two assailants forced him back into his car at gunpoint at Kmart and then drove him elsewhere to rob him.
According to the Wauwatosa police report:
The victim wasn't seven steps past his car in the parking lot of the store, 3201 N. Mayfair Road, when one of the assailants suddenly jumped at him, yelling 'Yeah, you know what time it is!' at 2:10 p.m. Jan. 29.
After the man was forced back into his car, his two assailants took positions in the driver seat and in the back seat. One punched the man in the head while keeping the gun trained on him. The victim was forced to take his pants off and empty his pockets while the car was in motion. They took his cellphone and wallet before kicking him out of the car, which the robbers also took. His losses was estimated at more than $1,700.


text:
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Doc O'Lena
|Doc O'Lena
|Quarter Horse
|Doc Bar

Grandsire:	Lightning Bar

|Poco Lena

Maternal grandsire:	Poco Bueno

|United States
|Dr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Jensen
|Dr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Jensen
|Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
Doc O'Lena was a Quarter horse stallion and an outstanding cutting horse and sire of cutting horses.[1]
Doc O'Lena was foaled in 1967, the offspring of Doc Bar and Poco Lena.[2] He is one of only two horses in the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame with both parents also inductees. He was a bay foal, bred owned by Dr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Jensen of Paicines, California at the time of registration.[3] His markings were just a small star and a small white half pastern on his left hind foot.[4]The Jensens hoped to sell Doc O'Lena while still a yearling to Don Dodge, who had trained the colt's dam, Poco Lena, but Dodge thought the colt was too small to train as a cutting horse. So instead, the Jensens decided to keep the colt and have Shorty Freeman come look at him to see if Freeman wanted to train the colt. However Freeman did not have an auspicious beginning, as the first time Freeman tried to ride the green broke yearling, Doc O'Lena ran away. However, Freeman decided to take Doc O'Lena on, and said of the horse
I didn't train Doc O'Lena anyway, he trained himself. I knew about 30 days after I got him that he was an exceptional horse... I always had to ride him last in the training program, 'cause if I didn't, I'd be mad at all the other horses in the barn. He was just that good.[4]
Freeman talked one of his clients into going into partnership with him and buying Doc O'Lena from the Jensens in April 1970 for $15,000. That December, Doc O'Lena was National Cutting Horse Association (or NCHA) Futurity Champion, winning $17, 357 for his new owners.[4] In all, Doc O'Lena earned $21,991.93 in NCHA earnings, along with an NCHA Certificate of Ability.[5]
Among his offspring were Doc Athena, Sugar Olena, Lenas Peppy, Smart Little Lena, and Todaysmyluckyday.[6] His son Montana Doc is a member of the NCHA Hall of Fame.[7] Doc O'Lena was the first NCHA Futurity winner to sire a Futurity winner when Lenaette won the Futurity in 1975. His son Smart Little Lena was the first winner of the NCHA triple crown. And in 1978, Doc O'Lena himself was syndicated for $2.1 million, at that time a record for the cutting horse industry.[4]
He was inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame.[8]
|Percentage (TB)
|Three Bars (TB)
|Myrtle Dee (TB)
|Lightning Bar
|Doc Horn (TB)
|Della P
|mare by Old DJ
|Doc Bar
|My Texas Dandy
|Texas Dandy
|Dandy Doll
|Bartender II
|Bar Maid F
|Nelly Bly
|Doc O'Lena
|King P-234
|Poco Bueno
|Old Poco Bueno
|Miss Taylor
|mare by Hickory Bill
|Poco Lena
|Pretty Boy
|Little Maud
|mare by Blackburn
|Waggoner Ranch mare
- ↑ Thornton, et. al Legends 4 pp. 190–205
- ↑ Pedigree of Doc O'Lena at All Breed Pedigree retrieved June 26, 2007
- ↑ American Quarter Horse Association Official Stud Book and Registry Vol. 22 p. 341
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Groves "Doc O'Lena" Quarter Horse Journal p. 18
- ↑ NCHA Earnings for Doc O'Lena retrieved on July 4, 2007
- ↑ Pitzer The Most Influential Quarter Horse Sires pp. 30–33
- ↑ National Cutting Horse Association "Hall of Fame"
- ↑ American Quarter Horse Association "Hall of Fame"
- All Breed Pedigree Database Pedigree of Doc O'Lena retrieved on June 26, 2007
- American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA). "AQHA Hall of Fame". American Quarter Horse Association. http://www.aqha.com/foundation/halloffame/halloffamebios.html. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
- American Quarter Horse Association (1968). Official Stud Book and Registry. Volume 22. Amarillo, TX: American Quarter Horse Association.
- Larry Thorton; Holmes, Robert L.; Mike Boardman; Diana Ciarloni; Jim Goodhue; Gold, Alan D.; Sally Harrison; Betsy Lynch; AJ Mangum (editors) (2002). Legends 4: Outstanding Quarter Horse Stallions and Mares. Colorado Springs, CO: Western Horseman. ISBN 0-911647-49-X.
- Groves, Lesli Krause (October 1994). "Doc O'Lena". Quarter Horse Journal: 18.
- NCHA website retrieved on July 4, 2007
- National Cutting Horse Association. "Hall of Fame". National Cutting Horse Association. http://www.nchacutting.com/ag/pubs/hall_of_fame.php. Retrieved July 4, 2007.
- Pitzer, Andrea Laycock (1987). The Most Influential Quarter Horse Sires. Tacoma, WA: Premier Pedigrees.
External links
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