text:
We count down the 32 Dangerous Cheat Codes this holiday season!
ONLINE PASS: Weekly Video Game News Quiz
ON-RUNNING FEUDS: Gaming Editorials
FREEZE FRAME: Weird Moments in Gaming
DEFUNCT GAMES VS.: Series Reviews
COUNTDOWN w/ DEFUNCT GAMES: Top Lists
CYRIL READS WORLDS OF POWER: Audio Books
THE LEADERBOARD: Audio/Video Game Show
YOLO: How Far Can Go on a Single Life?
DAYS OF CHRISTMAS: Annual Holiday Archive
2015: 30 Ridiculous Retro Rumors
2014: 29 Magazines of Christmas
2013: 29 Questionable Power-Ups of Christmas
2012: 34 Theme Songs of Christmas
2011: 32 Game Endings of Christmas
2010: 31 Bonus Levels of Christmas
2009: 30 Genres of Christmas
2008: 29 Controls of Christmas
2007: 34 Cliches of Christmas
2006: 33 Consoles of Christmas
2005: 32 Articles of Christmas
2004: 31 Websites of Christmas
2003: 29 Issues of Christmas
2002: 28 Years of Christmas
2001: 33 Days of Christmas
DGC ON DEMAND: More Videos to Watch
BONUS LEVELS: An Unsorted Mess of Junk
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GAMING w/ [NAME HERE]
INTERVIEWS: Audio Interview Reenacements
INSTANT EXPERT: Quick History Lessons
THE BLACK SHEEP: Underdog Video Series
REST IN PIXELS: The Best 8- and 16-Bit Deaths
PLAYER SELECT: Classic Character Reviews
GREAT MOMENTS IN BAD ACTING: Video Series
MONDO COOL TV: Syndicated Video Series
I'VE GOT YOUR NUMBER: Numerical History
POP UP VIDEO GAMES: Educational Programming
GAME EXPECTANCY: Judging Life Expectancy
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LEVEL 1: Brand New Game Literature
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FIGHT THE FUTURE: Experts Predict the Future
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NINTENDO POWER UNCOVERED: Cover Reviews
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MODERN REVIEW: Black & White Bushido
MODERN REVIEW: Lock's Quest
RETRO REVIEW: Great Golf
MODERN REVIEW: Spellspire
MODERN REVIEW: Thumper
MODERN REVIEW: Embers of Mirrim
RETRO REVIEW: Bandai Golf: Challenge Pebble Beach
MODERN REVIEW: Skylar & Plux: Adventure on Clover Island
MODERN REVIEW: Future Unfolding
MODERN REVIEW: Reservoir Dogs: Bloody Days
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GAME PREVIEW: Reservoir Dogs: Bloody Days (Preview Build)
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Theme - ActRaiser (Super NES)
Cyril Lachel
| Posted on
December 11, 2012
| Episode 20 (
Show Archive
It's the time of the year when the days get shorter, retailers stay open longer, big games are released and there seems to be a holiday every other week. Defunct Games wants to ring in this festive season with a look at the most memorable video game themes of all time. For five weeks straight, Cyril Lachel and Kevin Bailey will share their thoughts on themes from the last thirty years. Join us every day between November 22 and December 25 for The 34 Game Themes of Christmas!
[ Company: Enix | Year: 1991 | Console: Super NES ]
When it comes to the Super NES launch, most games can easily summed-up in one or two words. It's a racing game, platformer, golf game and so on. But ActRaiser bucks the trend. Part 2D fantasy action game and part overhead God simulator, ActRaiser was the most ambitious title at the Super NES launch. This theme evokes the high fantasy world, while reminding you that Nintendo's 16-bitter had a really great sound chip.
ActRaiser does what
The Legend of Zelda
couldn't. This theme is large and immediately commends your attention. The virtual horns trumpet an epic fantasy world full of dungeons and dragons. We build to several long sustained notes that feel like they should be playing over sweeping shots of snow-capped mountains and volcanoes bursting with lava. The ActRaiser theme gets the tone right, giving us a song truly worthy of the high fantasy concept. But then it just leaves us stranded. Instead of capitalizing on its strong start, this theme decides to repeat after only a few seconds. The trumpeting horns aren't nearly as impressive the second time around, ultimately leaving me disappointed. ActRaiser may be the first fantasy game to nail the tone, but sadly that's not enough to keep this theme interesting.
The instrument choice for ActRaiser's theme immediately brings to mind a sort of medieval fantasy setting, so from that standpoint it's instantly successful. It brings the setting to mind right away. That said, I've had a hard time figuring out exactly what I think of the theme. It seems fitting for the game, but it feels like it was cut a bit short. The build features an organ and a couple of horns trading off arpeggios and leads into a section where the lead instruments sustain and the backing instruments have a syncopated rest pattern, save for the organ which has both a sustain and a very busy arpeggio going on. Where it loses me is that this is it. It repeats from there, and I feel like it was still building. It seems to me like someone ran into writer's block and then decided to ship it as is.
What's Next?
When the reviews came in about this game, critics said that it had the best video game music of all time. They wondered if there was a tiny orchestra in the cartridge. I wonder if this Super NES launch game will hold up.
> MODERN REVIEW - Black & White Bushido
> MODERN REVIEW - Lock's Quest
> RETRO REVIEW - Great Golf
> MODERN REVIEW - Spellspire
> MODERN REVIEW - Thumper
> MODERN REVIEW - Embers of Mirrim
> RETRO REVIEW - Bandai Golf: Challenge Pebble Beach
> MODERN REVIEW - Skylar & Plux: Adventure on Clover Island
> MODERN REVIEW - Future Unfolding
> MODERN REVIEW - Reservoir Dogs: Bloody Days
Nintendo Power's Worst of 1994
Super Mario Is On the List?
Capcom's Street Fighter Problem
They're Bad With Anniversarys!
They Said What?!?
GamePro Puns Vol. 2
Steam Review
Grandia II: Anniversary
Steam Preview
Master Spy
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text:
Recently, there has been intense debate in Japan about whether Japanese workers work too many hours for too little pay. Common Western stereotypes of Japanese workers focus on them as intrinsic workaholics or subject to gross exploitation. Both images are extremely misleading. The article examines the following questions: What are the trends in working hours reduction and how do we interpret them? Why do long working hours cause so little discontent? Why do workers not take the full vacation time to which they are legally entitled? It is questionable whether the ongoing reduction of working hours will continue because employers ultimately worry more about losing their customers than they do about losing their workers.
- Copyright © 1992 The Regents of the University of California
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Akuji: Calming down... then screaming againMature
The man either doesn't hear my scream, or ignores it because he just keeps on walking. I breathe deeply for a few minutes and then check my watch. Ten to nine. School is fifteen minutes away. I run all the way and arrive in even more disarray than when I left. I get a detention for the third late in a week. I can tell this day is going to be a bad day.
If only I'd known just how bad.
The morning passes slowly. Double maths and physics is boring at the best of times, but my mind keeps wandering back to the forest this morning. I can't get the unconscious girl and the man in black out of my head. The bell rings for lunch and I drag myself off to the detention room. That doesn't go well either. I have to write I will not be late two hundred times, but after about fifty I realise I've started writing Unconscious girl and a man in black over and over. I get my rubber out and frantically rub out the accusing sentences. Then the bell goes and I get an after school detention because I haven't finished. The afternoon then seems to fly by, with English, IT and History, and then more detention.
If only I hadn't been late.
I walk back through the forest, not expecting anything. Suddenly out of the corner of my eye I see a man dressed all in black. I turn, expecting the guy from this morning. But at once I see that he's not. His face is harder, the mouth turned down in a permanent scowl.
"I've been waiting for you, missie. I heard your scream this morning, is that the best you can do?" he says in a voice like ice.
Then he leaps towards me, mouth open and I see the fangs.
The last thing that goes through my head is Oh my god, he's a vampire and then the worst pain in the world.
I scream like all hell has broken loose, for me it has.


text:
Download Maladies (2012) BluRay 720p subtitle indonesia, Maladies (2012) BluRay 720p English subtitles 1 CD srt Maladies..HDTS.x264-NBY Maladies..BRRip.XviD.MP3-RARBG Maladies..BluRay.720p.x264.Ganool Maladies..1080p.BluRay.x264.ShAaNiG Maladies HD-CAM XViD HQMic AC3-CPG Maladies - Official Trailer 2 [HD] - YouTube Maladies - Trailer# 3 [HD]Movie Detail:
Info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1592265/
Release Date: 22 June 2012 (USA)
Genre: Drama
Stars: James Franco, Catherine Keener, Fallon Goodson
Quality: BluRay 720p
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Subtitle: Indonesia, English
A talented and successful actor retires at a young age due to a perceived mental illness. Now living in a small town with his deranged sister and his best friend, we watch as their Maladies intertwine.
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Despite having survived a plane crash, earned a few injuries along the way and now finding myself in the middle of nowhere with strangers - I still had a bigger problem. I had a power, I knew I had a power and I had lied and told these strangers I didn't. Only half of them believed me, others – like Toby - weren't so sure I was telling the truth. I kind of wanted them to know, but on the other hand I didn't. When people know you can read minds their thoughts are more protected and censored and you miss out on hearing all the good stuff. When I told them I didn't have a power, I hadn't been planning on staying around – let alone travelling to a foreign country with them. Yet here we were, building a camp fire and settling down for the night. The air was already bitter and I could feel my toes slowly turn numb – thongs [flipflops to all you non-Australians] don't offer a whole lot of warmth for your feet.
The night grew colder and even though no one spoke, I knew everyone was still awake and just waiting till morning. Thoughts become less coherent in the cold and I was struggling to tune into what everyone was thinking, everyone but Toby who had selfishly made his own coat. I tuned into his brain, 'This coldness could kill them' I heard him think. Suddenly a huge hyperbolic groan sounded from him as he stood up and headed towards the trees where dead leaves lay on the ground, he moulded them into blankets and then made his way back to his spot. I listened as others got up and grabbed a blanket, I sat up and made my way over to the pile. Elise picked up the last one and headed back as she wrapped it around herself. I clenched my chattering teeth, did this Toby guy seriously want me dead? I headed back to the warmth of the fire and sat facing away from Toby – I could hear him yelling at me in his head. 'It wasn't my fault I had been hit on the head while saving the stupid people on the stupid plane on the stupid trip!' If I hadn't been so cold I'd have found his rant amusing and maybe even thought of a sly comeback to mutter under my breath but I hadn't the optimism for such rebuttal. I curled up and tried to tune out of Toby's inner monologue trying to persuade himself not to help me out. I knew he hated me which was why I hated him back. I fell in and out of consciousness until suddenly I felt a warm pressure over me and I realised Toby had given me his jacket. I didn't stir as he left, nor say thank you but realised that perhaps there was something deep inside of him that was part-human.
Morning finally came and people began to rise from their slumber – or lack of slumber in Toby's case which I was sure he'd voice sometime soon. I got up and walked over to him, I held out the coat and offered it back to him. He looked at me and his lip twitched as he thoughts 'She's not even grateful the little...'
"Thank you," I said as he grabbed it off me, he nodded and I turned away.
"What's the plan?" Alex voiced as he folded up the blanket and stored it away in his backpack.
"Find civilisation, get a plane back to where we came from. Simple." Toby said,
"I don't think it'll be as simple as that," Sophia muttered,
"I think civilisation is a good call though," Elise nodded as she stamped on the remaining embers of the fire for safety.
"How are we going to find that?" Toby asked,
"Keep heading towards the lake?" Alex replied,
"Lakes don't necessarily mean people Alex,"
"Why don't we just ask the birds?" Sophia asked, if anyone but this group of people had heard her say that they'd have thought her crazy, but this seemed plausible for nature girl.
"Can you do that Sophia?" I asked her, she nodded and then looked up into the canopy of trees. She began to whistle a bird call which resembled a swallow, we all watched in amazement as the dawn chorus replied. "On the far side of the lake there's a small town, but it will be far quicker to travel across the lake that around it."
"How are we going to do that? Swim?" Alex asked,
"No, Toby can just make a boat!" Elise replied,
"No can do, sorry guys, I can't just magic things out of thin air continuously. It takes up so much energy..."
"I've made a raft at scouts before," Alex voiced, "it's not too hard and I think it could work?"
"Come on then, let's find some logs." Sophia grinned.


text:
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Bibliographic Details
Title: Acajou et Zirphile, Conte. "A Minutie"
Publisher: Prault, [Paris]
Publication Date: 1744
Binding: Paperback
Book Condition: Very Good+
Edition: First Edition.
4to (307 x 232 mm). Engraved frontispiece and 9 plates after François Boucher by Pierre-Quentin Chedel, two vignettes designed and engraved by Charles-Nicholas Cochin and a cul-de-lampe. Original marbled-paper wrappers, uncut and in marbled slipcase; (some occasional marginal soiling or pale dampstaining, light edgewear). Formerly in the collection of Desmond Flower, 10 Viscount of Askbrook (1905-1995) his bookplate on front pastedown, acquired from Bernard Quaritch in 1981. Lastly in the collection of Arthur & Charlotte Vershbow, their paper label on front pastedown. First edition and large, uncut quarto in original marbled wrappers of Ducloss pleasant fairy-tale satire "Acajou et Zirphile," which reinvented the plates of Tessin and incorporated Bouchers aesthetic and advice. These celebrated plates were first used to illustrate the Comte de Tessins Faunillane, ou lInfante Jaune, published in 1741. Tessin, the Swedish Ambassador at the Court of France, originally wrote the fairy tale in order to shine in the salon of French socialite Madame de Tencin (1682-1749), and was on his way of having it handsomely published by Prault when he was suddenly recalled to Sweden. Only two copies were ever printed but Tessin took them back with him and made a gift of the plates to the publisher Prault, supposedly because he did not want to seem frivolous back home given the bizarre subject matter of the illustrations. The printer was thus faced with the problem of finding a text to accompany the plates. He proposed the idea to three writers, Comte de Caylus, Voisenon and Duclos, and it was Duclos text that was chosen to invent a new story for Tessins plates. The version given in L.S. Augers Notice sur Duclos, more directly involves the artist François Boucher and says that Tessin left him both his drawings and the plates and the latter then turned to Duclos for advice over what to do with them. Regardless, Ducloss was voted best and it was first published here as Acajou and Zirphile, a curious and sometimes sensual, satiric fairy tale. Among the novelties of this small volume, not the least remarkable is the dedication of this fairy romance to the public, which excited great attention, and charmed and provoked our authors fickle patron. Duclos here openly ridicules, and dares his protector and his judge. This hazardous attack was successful, and the author soon acquired the reputation, which he afterwards maintained, of being a writer who little respected the common prejudices of the world. The history of this text is significant as is proves to be one of the earliest cases of a non-explanatory text being commissioned to accompany a set of plates. The story also has the merit of connecting Boucher with another convivial society of litterateurs. Cohen-De Ricci 331. Bookseller Inventory # D7815
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Carmens Inn
Select your stay dates to check availability at Carmens Inn
Carmens Inn
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Property Location
With a stay at Carmens Inn in Scamander, you'll be by the ocean and minutes from Scamander Beach, and close to Bike Trip Vallekilen-Tovdal. This apartment is within close proximity of Scamander River Golf Club and Winifred Curtis Scamander Reserve.
Make yourself at home in one of the 5 guestrooms, featuring kitchens with refrigerators and stovetops. Rooms have private balconies or patios. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and flat-screen televisions are provided for your entertainment. Conveniences include microwaves, and both irons/ironing boards and cribs/infant beds (complimentary) are available on request.
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Continental breakfasts are available daily for a fee.
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Guests may use a roundtrip airport shuttle for a surcharge, and free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Accessible bathroom
- Garden
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Free self parking
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- In-room accessibility
- Laundry facilities
- Total number of rooms - 5
- Designated smoking areas
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 1
- Free WiFi
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Roll-in shower
Room Facilities
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Kitchen
- Stovetop
- Shower only
- Free WiFi
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Flat-panel TV
- Private bathroom
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- Balcony or patio
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The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for continental breakfast: AUD 12.00 per person (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: AUD 260 per vehicle (roundtrip)
- Rollaway bed fee: AUD 15 per day
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Basic Provisions/Requirements
The Act requires that all contractors and subcontractors performing on federal contracts (and contractors or subcontractors performing on federally assisted contracts under the related Acts) in excess of $2,000 pay their laborers and mechanics not less than the prevailing wage rates and fringe benefits, as determined by the Secretary of Labor, for corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on similar projects in the area.
Apprentices and trainees may be employed at less than predetermined rates. Apprentices must be employed pursuant to an apprenticeship program registered with the Department of Labor or with a state apprenticeship agency recognized by the Department. Trainees must be employed pursuant to a training program certified by the Department.
Contractors and subcontractors on prime contracts in excess of $100,000 are also required, pursuant to the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, to pay employees one and one-half times their basic rate of pay for all hours over 40 worked on covered contract work in a workweek.
Covered contractors and subcontractors are also required to pay employees weekly and to submit weekly certified payroll records to the contracting agency.
Employee Rights
The Davis-Bacon and related Acts provide laborers and mechanics on covered federally financed or assisted construction contracts the right to receive at least the locally prevailing wage rate and fringe benefits, as determined by the Department of Labor, for the type of work performed. The Wage and Hour Division of the Department's Employment Standards Administration and respective federal contracting agencies accept complaints of alleged Davis-Bacon violations.
Contractors or subcontractors found to have disregarded their obligations to employees or to havecommitted aggravated or willful violations while performing work on Davis-Bacon covered projects may be subject to contract termination and debarment from future contracts for up to three years. In addition, contract payments may be withheld in sufficient amounts to satisfy liabilities for unpaid wages and liquidated damages that result from overtime violations of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act.
Contractors and subcontractors may challenge determinations of violations and debarment before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). Contractors and subcontractors may appeal decisions by ALJs with the Department's Administrative Review Board. Final Board determinations on violations may be appealed to and are enforceable through the federal courts.
Falsification of certified payroll records or the solicited kickback of wages may subject a contractor or subcontractor to civil or criminal prosecution, the penalty for which may be fines and/or imprisonment.
Relation to State, Local and Other Federal Laws
Since 1931, Congress has extended the Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements to some 60 related Acts that provide federal assistance for construction through loans, grants, loan guarantees and insurance. These Acts include by reference the requirements for payment of the prevailing wages in accordance with the Davis-Bacon Act. Examples of the related Acts are the Federal-Aid Highway Act, the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Click here to download the full text of the regulations.
Source: US Department of Labor
Updated 10/7/08
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text: NFL | L. White had positive test? Sat, 29 Apr 2006 00:23:38 -0700 Scott Wolf, of the Press Telegram, reports USC RB LenDale White reportedly tested positive for an undisclosed drug, according to multiple sources, which could affect his stock the NFL draft. White spoke briefly to a reporter Friday, April 28, but sounded unconcerned about the situation. "(The NFL) ain't worried about it," he said. "The issue's been addressed." Several sources said the test took place at the NFL Combine in late February. "If it's out, it's got to be a Combine test," said a source with knowledge of NFL drug testing. "Some teams also give their own tests but those are at individual workouts and no one releases those."


text:
Vienna ran like the wind, as authors are perhaps too fond of saying. She did not stop to take her bike. She just ran.
She reached her destination with a stumble over the flowerbed bricks.
"It's me, it's Vienna!" she cried.
Rosetta stood up quickly, startled, and Vienna collapsed onto the piece of railing her friend had been occupying. The newly-named Secret Circle fixed their eyes on er expectantly.
"What now?" Jessica queried calmly.
Vienna told her story almost incomprehensibly. "I own a house but the house is here! It's Das Flotenhaus! I own this place! That means I never stole the flute or the letter. They were on my land. They were mine. But tomorrow all the laywers and everyone have to come here and prove it all. But what if they find the shed where the fire was? I can't tell them I've been trespassing. But I can't tell them I haven't because the lawyers might do inquiries everywhere."
Rosetta didn't know anything about a flute or a letter, but she could solve one problem.
"You'll have to tell them," she said, "if they find the place."
"I know," suggested Carla, "you could say you're going to explore the rest of the place and come back saying there's a half-burnt shed that would be a lovely playhouse. Adults would take that; they always think we're so much more babyish than we are. Clever Jessie to knock the torch, switched on of course, out of the shed without even realising it, and then closing the door. If you're going to attempt to sabotage the shed, you might as well do it properly, Jess! It wasn't burnt at all on the inside."
Jessica giggled. "Well I'm sorry. But it still smells of smoke and the fire was nearly three weeks ago."
"Going back to what you said, Carla," Vienna changed the subject, "what if they want to see the 'playhouse'?"
"They'll be too excited looking at the remains of the real house to want to."
"Do you think so?"
"I wouldn't say so if I didn't."
"Then that's alright then." Vienna sighed, reassured. "Shall we take a look at the shed? Is the door open? Have you been airing it?"
"Wide open. It's mostly lost the smell. Jessie's just making a drama," Rosetta said as they picked their way through the black ashes, which were gradually being swept away into a compost heap out of sight, to where the shed stood alone in the wreckage of ashes and charred tree trunks, blackened and burnt, with flaking paint - the paint which had protected the shed from the worst damage.
"It's not bad," Rosetta insisted as she stepped inside. Jessica quickly took a seat on one of the chairs and Carla muttered "lazy lump."
"Another day or two would do it," said Vienna. "At least it's not cold."
Meanwhile, Jess's eyes had caught a view of the CD player, which had taken up temporary residence on the table to make room for the vast quantities of chocolate provided by the four devious thieves. For the past three weeks the Carters at least had been puzzled by their inexplicable losses of sweet food, but Carla had cunningly blamed it all on Carl.
"Thank goodness it's still here," Jess said thoughtfully.
"I've inherited a fifth of the people's money so we can get those curtains I was about to mention," Vienna said.
"I can contribute to that," Carla said. "I found some amazing red velvet in the loft the other day, and bagged it for my room where it's been kicking round aimlessly. If we can sellotape some curtain rings to it then I'm sure we'll manage."
"Not sellotape," Rosetta replied. "My mum's good at sewing, and if I cook the dinner one day she'll do it."
"We'll all come and help you cook the dinner!" Carla cried at once.
"Not if I know it! I know you, Carla! You can't cook to save your life. You'll be organising a spaghetti fight or a food-tasting competition if I let you come."
"Then I'll read the recipe," declared Carla insouciantly, but Rosetta shook her head vigorously.
But Jessica was still looking at the CD player.
"I meant the CD player. Do we actually have any CDs?" she asked Vienna.
"There's one in there."
"Do we need a plug?"
"It's on batteries."
Jessica pressed the power button, then the play button.
"It was the first CD I picked up," explained Vienna apologetically as Ilsa Krause filled the shed.
"But it's lovely," Carla murmured. In silence they listened. When it reached the theme Carla recognised it and gasped.
It was only a few minutes long, played by two pristine flutes, but at the end Carla and Vienna's eyes glistened. Rosetta too felt some meaning in the lovely piece of music, though she was not by any means musical. Jessica, who was also very little musical, despite an excellent sense of rhythm, listened and marvelled, but she could not really appreciate the music's worth.
It ended and there was a prolonged silence.
"It would be wonderful with your trumpet," Vienna observed at last.
"I like it on the flute," said Carla resolutely.
Intense brown eyes met starry blue ones.
"I have the piece written out. My mum gave it to me."
"You have the piece in music form? With the harmony?" Carla asked wonderingly.
Vienna nodded. Her eyes filled again. "It's called Ilsa Krause," she explained. "A man called Heinrich Eichmann composed it for her in Germany fifteen years ago. They married a while later and had their honeymoon in Sweden. Ilsa was my mum's best friend for two years. It was my mum who recorded them playing it on their flutes and burned it onto the CD. Then they oved to England. I didn't realise it was so appropriate when I brought it, but I've practically brought this CD home. Ilsa Krause herself lived in the old house right here on this site for a month. But she died in the fire."
It took a few sober moments for this to soak in.
"All the more reason to play it here then," Carla said. "As a little thank you."
"That's how I feel," Vienna assented. "And I never knew her!" No one asked what the 'thank you' was for. Perhaps no one knew exactly.
"I have to go now, and help my mum cook for Livvy and Harry," Jessica intervened typically. She was unwilling to break the heartfelt conversation, though she felt, being Jess, that it was time to return to earth.
The others mumbled their farewells, still entralled, and dispersed also.


text:
OVERVIEW: Provides a food pantry and financial assistance to residents of Anne Arundel County living within the catchment area.
SERVICES: 1) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE: Provides emergency funds to help prevent utililty turn-offs (BG&E and water bills), legal evictions, and prescriptions. For BGE turn-offs the client must first get a referral from the Anne Arundel Community Action Partnership, must be MEAP eligible and have gone to DSS to apply for any programs that they are eligible for including MEAP. Must sign in by 1PM. Clients may receive funds once every 12 months for utility and eviction assistance, and once evry 3 months for prescriptions. Must present ID, proof of address, birth certificates for everyone in the home and social security cards for everyone the home. Will provide up to $150 towards a bill. Can also provide referrals to additional community resources, but individuals must have all required documents.
2) FOOD PANTRY: Provides non-perishable food items to individuals in need. Picture ID, proof of residence, birth certificates and Social Security cards for family members are required. No referral is needed. Applicants who are eligible for DSS must apply there first and show proof to NCEON (must wait 21 days after you receive your monthly food stamps). Formula and adult supplements are sometimes available. 1PM is the deadline for food sign up.


text:
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text:
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June 14, 1996
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - June 14, 1996, New Braunfels, Texas Archives Anonymous □mu anana mowom □HU Mulino HMUMU □OMffinaMHa uuhmo nanaa □□□nu anaa i-iuuma miUH MMMonan aml»j MnauunoM □milan UMmwawM nuMwanu □UM ma a uh 14 oh aa uau uuuuaau uauu Muaan aauu MMMaa awowa MHiaua arjfflmuuaua uuuua auaaa mau iMuaua auaaa aaa Finance Charqe ""'■'"'I' f,I-Bt AoqostJust A Few Samples of Your Savings! SALE Bifl1!',TTT flffmi SALE ■F^JW^EEH-19/Q5 la""!'t;MiM s9qq'-'trcra. '..,ceMaker' $49.99 Everything in the Store Sale Priced! OPENthaiito gain abusive spouse DEAR ABBY: After reading the letter from the girl who got stuck with the $155 bridesmaid dress, I - had to write. When I was young (too young), I Hftaf got engaged to a man I hadn't known very long. My parents were AKhtf paying for the wedding and the ^tr mr L attendants were paying for their--J own gowns and tuxedo rentals. During the month before the L— wedding, my fiance began to show his true colors. He drank heavily DEAR 0-1^ Be Neared I will and became physically and verbally wnwriwiM to harp on ***** threes abusive. I knew I should have called mttn my typewriter falls apart. the wedding off, but I was worried Hunks for an excellent letter. about all the money my parents were mending on the wedding, so I * • • foolishly kept quiet and went through with it Big mistake! DEAR ABBY: "Frustrated With Two years later, when I finally Papa Hoarder," whose father refile* sot the courage to leave him, my es to throw away anything, should frienda and family told they would get him to a mental health profes-not have minded losing the money if sional who is skilled in diagnosing it saved me from the hell I endured and treating obsessive-compulsive while being married to this abusive disorder (OCD). man. Her father's failure to handle his Real friends forgive each other. affairs is probably not due to incom- MINNEAPOLIS pete nee, but to the overwhelming fear of throwing away something DEAR MINNEAPOLIS, important; therefore, he keeps Thank yon for a letter that nay everything. His senseless saving of sore many women from making stacks of printed matter and refusal the arietake you made. This also to accept help in discarding them •Miles to alan. If either the could be symptoms of obsessive-brtde or groom baa second compulsive disorder, a problem that thoughts about their feelings, It affects 5 million Americans and is would be for better to call the quite treatable, wadding oft While it may cause To obtain referral for treatment the other party to be upset, In and information on OCD, "Frustrat-the long run, It would be for bet* ad With Papa Hoarder" can contact tor for all concerned. the OCD Foundation, P.O. Box 70, Milford, Conn. 06460-0070. • • • PAUL R. MUNFORD, PH D., CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST, DEAR ABBY: I saw the letter SACRAMENTO, CALIF, from "Worried in California," whose 14-year-old daughter was driven home from baby sitting by a drunk « * * parent I grew up in New Orleans and was told at an early age that if I Abby shares More of ber favorite, ever needed a ride home for any w »■ todpo*. To order, send a reason — but especially alcohol — bwiagoo alae, self-addressed envelope, at any time of day or night to call pb»«beek or Moooy order for tass (bl-50 home and one of my parents would *■ Canalla) toe Door Abby, More Favorite come and get me with no questions Bodpea, PX). Bos 447, Mount Morris, DL asked. Mom gave me a quarter, WSM #447. (Podaw ie tnrtwtorl) which I carried with me whenever I went out. As I was leaving, I would hear, "Have a good time. Do you A P A?1 . have your quartet?" ^ sa ^ Only once did I have to call r\{ v home, not because of alcohol, but when a date turned abusive. He Ti*n OMMDn«Hd took my purse and refused to give it Friday June 14 buck, but I still had my quarter — Michael BaBew in my shoe. a Dams Good Texas Baad Abby, please continue to advise parents to tell their children never to get into a car with a driver who has been drinking. Our children are trrnoionaMe. - I ms* ■ — - •m. - __ , ..... I HJL*Banes• Invottoa wag y*9 C.L DOWN ROUTH —— By MICHELLE OATMANJOHN MOLER, photographer Our lune weddings were half named. We still need the identifica-tioo on our large group picture (AA-96- 048). Not one person called in to tell who these people are. We have many views of this beautiful wedding and we have no idea who the people are. Someone must recognize at least one person in tins photo so we could contact them and get the name of the bride and groom. Now (AA-96-047) is a different story! We have had great responses to this picture! The bride and groom are Beatrice and Antonio Camareno. The other couple with diem is Elida and Gilbert Aguirre. The happy day occurred in December 1968. We give a big thank you to Jeanie Martinez, Rosa Cruz Zavala and Robbie Fear-ka, for helping us. Okay, first we must apologize if this picture embarrasses the young man in AA-9fr050 this photo. We really would hire to know his name. If you know (AA-96- 049) please let us know. We want this young man to go down in history with die correct name and explanation. (AA-96-050) is a wonderful picture of a group of 1944 nursing students. We love this group picture but can't seem to get all of their names. Please call in if any of these nursing students ever rendered medical services to you, (or if you just know the names). Such a wonderful group deserves to be known! for your community! As always, KEEP READING! ... KEEP REMEMBERING! ... KEEP CALLING!... 629-1900! The Old City Hall, 200 N Seguin. With summer upon us we are short handed at the Archives. If you have some spare time, even if it is just for die summer, we would love to have die help. We have many exciting projects coming up. Computer projects ready to be entered in, with no one to enter them, research projects sitting on the shelves, photograph projects from identifying to filing, and we are in need of a receptionist for different hours of the week. If you want to help out, drop by and take a tour and see if it looks like something you might enjoy doingThe Yellow Rxk Saloon Light up your home with and add a little sunshine to your life! Illuminate! belier than a 2x4 skylight No framing recured SAT., JUNE 15MR. OUTLAW SUN., JUNE 16 CONNEMARA C0WB0V Ugh the whole room I Get the Ugh not the Ileal I For dome ural locations call:(210) 599 6232 Suit Systems, Inc I4<>I0 C»vcwooU. Sa* Antonio 3413 Hunter Rd, Son Marcos. TX r- (512) 396-7188 964-3992TODAY'S CROSSWORD PUZZLE 61 Aquarium fish 62 Naval rank abbr 63 Oil job 64 Chemical compound DOWN 1 Part of a three-piece suit 2 Choir voce 3 Praise 14 ped 15 Logger's tool 16 Pencil ends 17 Ticket booth 19 Uproar 20 Gut of the melter 21 Stripes 22 Come —may 24 Astonish 26 Beaten incumbent 29 Ways of warning 30 Temperament) 31 Skillful 36 Tablet 30 Disorder 37 Stung around, as a ship 39 Imaginary 5 Bradley and Asner 6 Snooty one I Smoked salmon 8 Wedding promise 9 Collapse 10 House covering It Outdo 12 Honking birde 14 Touch 16 Before anything |||| 20 - King Cole 23 Fodder 24 "Coming of Age u *—■ 26 Waiter's rewards 26 Ballpark officials 27 Actor Beery 28 Fizzy drink Sofa has rope braid-trim accent, 4 back cushions and 2 accent pillows. Lacks List Price $799.99 90-442-1 43 Some exams 44 Free-for-alls 46 Fabric edge 48 Actress Lamarr 49 Wielded 50 Summer mo. 61 Environmental Country style suite in oak finish on oak veneers and selected hardwoods, Includes queen headboard and footboard, dresser and landscape mirror. Lacks List Price $1429.97 92-59 BarkHna, Action or Ls-Z-Boy Lacks List Price $699.99 I 85-01-10.85-16-00(01.85-49-12 I and no payment until AufuM 1996 (60 thy* maximum from putchaar date) with wined end* Finance chamm will team during period al payment defcnaJ faut if account ii paid in MI by Augur* payment date. Hue* ma apply to prevail* purchaiet. but new putchaaci may be cunaoladamd with prior contract balance. Lack's of New Braunfels 971 W. San Antonio 625*7324 STUMPED? MW- Cantor Answer! § Touch-tong or ftolgiy Phono* 1-900-4M mg ext code040*** tor "hug ;
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Starring: Mysskin, Snigdha Akolkar, Ashwath Ram
After his directorial super-duper hits, 'Chiththiram Pesuthadi' and 'Anjathe', director Mysskin launched his third film 'Nandhalala' on Friday, 6th June, 2008. 'Nanthalala' is his debut film as hero. Myskin has chosen to act, himself playing the lead role in it.
He says a third character of this film is it's music. A great plus point of the film being Ilayaraja's music, Mysskin hurries to add that he is very much pleased and feel proud to join hands with the musical genius Ilayaraja for this project. View gallery, watch making of Nanadala or listen to melodious music by Maestro Ilayara at the official web site www.thenandalalamovie.com
Summary | Audio launch | MP3 songs | News | Trailer | Gallery Details
Starring: Jai,Shazahn Padmasee,Vijay Vasanth and others
"Kanimozhi" is directed by Venkat Prabhu associate Sripathy Rangasamy, and will be produced by T Siva of Amma creations.
Jai and Bollywood newbie Shazahn Padmasee daughter of famous AD filmmaker Alyque Padmasee will do the lead roles. Music will be scored by Sathish Chakravarthy, while lens will be handled by P Chidamparam.
Starring: Gauthaman, Seeman, Prakashraj, Anjali, Karthika and others
Magizhchi basically describes the story between a brother and sister. The story revolves around one brother amidst 3 sisters. The entire family is bond with love and affection. The frist and second sisters get married. The brother is fond of his second sister and always has a special place for her. He comes to know there is some problem in the family of his second sister because of no issues. How he tackeles the problem and brings peace in the life of his second sister forms the crux of the story.
Starring: Karu Pazhaniappan, Meenakshi,Santhanam and others
Karu Palaniappan who has given us wonderful films like Parthiban Kanavu, Sivapadhigaram behind the camera as a director will be seen as hero in Mandhira Punnagai.
The film is produced by Indira Pictures and is also directed by Karu Palaniappan. Meenakshi shares the screen space with him..
The story goes like this He plays an architect who is obsessed with his career. He believes that falling in love is a waste of time and that there are other important things that need to be pursued in life.
But everything changes when a medical student enters his life, which leaves him in a perplexed situation.
Santhanam provids the humour quotient..
Music is scored by Vidhyasagar, while Camera is handled by Ramnath Shetty. The shoot of the film has been carried on a brisk pace at many places..
Summary | Audio launch | News | Gallery Details
Starring: Sundar C, Anuya, Vadivelu and others
Sundar C is back to where he belongs. The director turned actor is back to direction and has started his directorial venture, which would be a sequel to 'Thalainagaram', his first film as a hero.
If sources are to be believed, the movie has been titled 'Nagaram Marupakkam'. Besides wielding the megaphone, Sundar would also play the lead role, it is said. Anuya of 'Siva Manasula Sakthi' fame is the heroine, we learn. Vadivelu is the comedy role.
Sundar last directed 'Rendu', starring Madhavan and Anushka. He stopped calling the shots ever since he became a successful actor with non-stop releases like 'Thalainagaram, Veerappu, Sanda, Ayudham Seivom, Thee and Aindham Padai'.
The actor-director is currently playing the lead role in films including 'Murattu Kaalai', a remake of a yesteryear Rajinikanth hit, and 'Vaada', directed by A Venkatesh.
Starring: Dhanush,Genelia,Vivek,Bhagyaraj and others
The Tamil remake of the Telugu hit Ready has been titled Utthamaputthiran.
The film has Dhanush and Genelia in the lead, and is being directed by Mithran R Jawahar. The Jawahar-Dhanush combination has worked big time in Kollywood, with their first venture Yaaradi Nee Mohini and their latest one Kutty.
With music scored by Vijay Antony, the film also features Bhagyaraj, Vivek, Karunas and Aashish Vidhyarthi in supporting roles.
'பிக் பாஸ்' பத்திரிகையாளர் சந்திப்பில் கமல்ஹாசன்
Director Balaji Sakthivel next with Vijay Milton's Productions
சமுத்திரக்கனி - ரம்யா பாண்டியன் நடிக்கும் 'ஆண் தேவதை'
ரஜினியின் 'காலா கரிகாலன்' படத்தின் போஸ்டர்
Today Tamil Movie releases (26-05-2017)
ரஜினி படத் தலைப்பு குறித்து இயக்குனர் பா.ரஞ்சித்
Rajinikanth's next titled 'Kaala Karikalan'
'இப்படை வெல்லும்' பர்ஸ்ட் லுக் வெளியானது
Director A.R.Murugadoss to release 'Ippadai Vellum' First Look
அர்ஜுன் நடிக்கும் 'நிபுணன்' ஜூலை 7 இல் வெளியாகிறது
'விஸ்வரூபம்-2' பாடல்கள் விரைவில் வெளியீடு
Vikram Prabhu's 'Sathriyan' release date announced
'Velaikkaran' Malaysia Schedule Wrapped Up
செல்வராகவனின் 'நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை' ஜுன் வெளியீடு
Samuthirakani's 'Thondan' release date finalised
'சங்கமித்ரா' படம் பற்றி ஏ.ஆர்.ரஹ்மான்
'Vettai Naai' First Look poster released by Director Bala
சுந்தர் சி யின் 'சங்கமித்ரா' பர்ஸ்ட் லுக் வெளியீடு
Director Radhamohan's 'Brindavanam' release date


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Unit #502 Premium Unit - Ocean End of Building(16 Reviews)
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- Minimum stay:1-7 nights
- Sleeps:4
- Bedrooms:2
- Bathrooms:2
- Property type:Condo
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:N/A
About the Property
Condo, 2 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, (Sleeps 4 only)
To keep our unit in the best condition for your stay we are constantly updating. 2015 has brought a newly renovated kitchen for you to enjoy with bamboo cabinets and granite counter tops.
Generally the trade winds keep you cool and comfortable, but every room has a ceiling fan and air conditioning. The building has free Wi-Fi for guests and is smoke free. There is a reserved parking spot for you and a laundry room at the elevators in the center of the building. Gas BBQ grills are available on the lawn.
The only thing between my unit and the ocean is the pool and grassy lawn for lounging. Being second from the ocean end of the building our unit is very quiet, the waves tranquilize you to sleep every evening in our king size beds,. Both bedrooms have unobstructed views of the ocean so that you can always enjoy the view. Because of the floor plan of the unit, it may be rented in 3 different ways - as a 2 bed/2 bath full condo, as a 1 bed/1 bath full condo, or as a hotel room with just a bedroom and a bath.
The building is small enough to have a warm friendly feel but large enough to offer some great amenities such as a general store & deli,surf shop & rentals, yoga studio, a superior restaurant(the 5 Palms), and an activities center to help with any bookings you may need. Located just blocks north of Wailea, you have easy access to many golf courses, the Shops at Wailea, and all that south Maui has to offer.
Keywords: Condominium
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Member since: 2009
Property Type
- Condo
- On floor 5
House Rules
- Max. occupancy 4
- Children Welcome
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
Bedrooms: 2 Bedrooms, Sleeps 4, Beds for 4
Bathrooms: 2 Bathrooms
A variety of Maui informational books are available as well as current books....moreless
- CD Player
- Away From It All
- Churches
- Cinemas
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Library
- Live Theater
- Museums
- Playground
- Recreation Center
- Restaurants
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/Bank
- Fitness Center
- Groceries
- Laundromat
- Massage Therapist
- Medical Services
Leisure Activities
- Beachcombing
- Boating
- Eco Tourism
- Horseback Riding
- Luaus
- Paddle Boating
- Photography
- Scenic Drives
- Shelling
- Shopping
- Sight Seeing
- Walking
- Whale Watching
Location Type
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Basketball Court
- Cycling
- Deepsea Fishing
- Fishing
- Fly Fishing
- Golf
- Hiking
- Kayaking
- Mountain Biking
- Sailing
- Scuba Diving Or Snorkeling
- Snorkeling
- Snorkeling/Diving
- Surf Fishing
- Surfing
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Wind-Surfing
- Dining Area
- Seating for 4 people
Air Conditioning:
Air conditioning is available as well as ceiling fans in each room. ...moreless
- Clothes Dryer:
- Elevator
- Hair Dryer
- Internet:
- Iron & Board
- Linens Provided
Living Room:
Flat screen TV with DVD/VHS players. Bose radio and CD player.Some movies, music, and books supplied....moreless
- Parking:
- Parking Off Street:
- Dishwasher
Fully equiped kitchen for cooking any meals and entertaining....moreless
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Stove
- Toaster
Lanai / Gazebo:
Private lanai on South side of the building over looking the pool, lawn, beach, and ocean....moreless
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Low Season 2017
Apr 17 - Dec 15, 2017
4 night min stay
High Season 2018
Dec 16 - Apr 14, 2018
7 night min stay
Additional information about rental rates
- Refundable Damage Deposit $400
- Tax Rate 13.42%
Operating under Hawaii Tax ID:194-591-1296-01. A refundable security/reservation fee equal to one night's stay is due to confirm your reservation. Full rental amount is due no later than 30 days before your stay. Cleaning fee is waived with a 7 night stay. The security/reservation fee will be refunded after your stay.
Owner's cancellation policy:
50% refund for cancellations more than 30 days before check-in date.
100% refund for cancellations more than 60 days before check-in date.
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Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
Car: Recommended
The ground floor of our building has many services to make your stay even more relaxing and convenient.
The 5 Palms Restaurant features full ocean views and outdoor seating and is one of the top rated restaurants on the island. Enjoy breakfast through dinner with their fine selection of regional dishes. The bar, with a fresh sushi bar, is perfect for pupus at sunset. To see seasona specials and more information visit www.5PalmsRestaurant.com.
Maui Yoga Path, an Iyengar Yoga Studio with renowned Yogini Deni Roman, offers a variety of classes. She caters to all levels from beginner to advanced. What a great way to start your day! You'll find class schedules and more information at www.MauiYogaPath.com.
Zach's Deli and General Store is available for a quick meal, newspapers, and necessities.
Hawaiian Style Activities desk can help you book any activity imaginable with great pricing. Check to see what specials they have going on and advice on local entertainment.
Last but definitely not least, you will find the sports rental shop. Get your kayak, paddleboard, or snorkeling equipement from them. It's so convenient to go downstairs and pick up your equipement for the day.
Owner info
Year Purchased: 1997
About the owner: A friend told our parents about the Mana Kai back in 1987 when I was just an infant. They had always stayed on the north end of the island for many years prior and when they heard of the dryer weather, less traffic, and the friendlier more convenient environment, they had to try the Mana Kai. After one stay, they were sold! We rented units for many years until the time came that they could purchase their own little piece of paradise. We have been very fortunate to spend our spring breaks on the beach every year and our family memories of the MKM are the best! Now my brother and I have been blessed to take over ownership. Coming from Montana we keep our unit tropical in color and design. We want to feel like we are in paradise when we walk in the door.
Why the Owner Chose Kihei, HI, USA:
The Mana Kai is so easy & convenient, especially if h traveling with your family. You can sit on the lawn, watch one in the ocean and one in the pool at the same time. Whenever you need something, the condo can be reached quickly as well as the deli/general store. This is one of the few places my father truly relaxes. He loves being right on the ocean, listening to the waves and reading under a palm tree. A feel of being totally away, but right in the US so the office is a phone call away.
The Unique Benefits at this Condo:
Everything is right there - a true place to rest and relax as much or as little as you want. The island is full of activities and places to see.
Contact us
Send email
- Primary: 406- 587-5133 office MST 9-5
- Secondary: +1 4065805133
Links to more information:
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
Wake up to the beautiful blue ocean and view.
or enjoy just taking in the view while relaxing
Newly renovated kitchen.
Master bathroom with walk-in shower.
'B' bedroom bath with tub/shower
Mana Kai Maui sitting at the north end of Weawakapu Beach
The swimming pool and deck area.
Oh, what a view from our lanai.
Sunset from our lanai after a great day on Maui.
No better place for breakfast than on the lanai.
Living room
'A' - the master bedroom with lanai view of ocean and waves right outside
'B' - second bedroom with full ocean view north.
The view from the 'B' bedroom looking at the West Maui Mountains.
Pool deck, lawn, or beach -- oh where to relax?
Pool waterfall - right side are steps leading to see-through lobby.
Even the rainbows end at the Mana Kai!
This listing was first published here in 2009.
Date last modified - Tuesday, May 16, 2017
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 24, 1997
|Filing date
|May 10, 1995
|Priority date
|May 10, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|George A. Cowgill
|Original Assignee
|Mci Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (25), Classifications (25), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to telecommunications networks. More particularly, the invention relates to malfunction treatments on SS7/ISDN networks for failed calls.
2. Description of Prior Art
In telecommunications networks, calls are established from source to destination, in the form of links traversing a series of switching nodes. Under normal circumstances, when the calls are terminated the links between each switching node are released in order to allow other calls to use those links. Sometimes during the process of establishing the links between the nodes, abnormal conditions are encountered which interfere with the normal creation of links from source to destination. At such times, some of the links have been established, but others of the links have not yet been established. It is then necessary to decide whether to continue establishing the remaining links, or to release all links that have so far been created and thereby completely terminate the call. Typical abnormal conditions that may be encountered are ALL TRUNKS BUSY, USER BUSY, DESTINATION OUT OF SERVICE, NETWORK OUT OF ORDER, CALL REJECTED, INFORMATION MISSING, and so forth.
The existence of normal and abnormal conditions is indicated in the telecommunication network by digital code numbers ("cause codes") that may be propagated backward along the existing links to the source or sent to centralized billing or network diagnostic stations. Often, the telecommunication network comprises a variety of vendors each generating a variety of cause codes to indicate the same conditions. It is necessary to translate the cause codes of one vendor to the codes of another vendor in order to ensure proper communication between the switching nodes.
Prior methods for managing the diversity of cause codes that may be present in the telecommunication network and for deciding which action to take upon appearance of a particular cause code have been based on hard-encoded computer programs that are difficult to create or modify when the codes change or new codes need to be added or new vendors come on-line.
The prior art related to the problems solved by the present invention include the following:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,242 issued Feb. 14, 1995 discloses a protocol message which is a redirect message in a telecommunications system having a number of switching nodes. The redirect message redirects a call back to a switching nodes and indicates in that message to which the switching node the call pass should be extended. In response to the redirect message, the intermediate switching node reroutes the call path. The redirect message may also entirely remove the call path between the switching node and an intermediate switching node.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,687 issued Oct. 10, 1989, a method and apparatus detect and analyze errors in a communications system. The method employs an expert system techniques to isolate failures to a specific field replaceable units and attempts to restore the failing unit to service by removing it from service, resetting the resource and returning it to service if it passes retesting.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,204, issued Feb. 5, 1991, discloses a telecommunication network in which a switching node assigns one or more alternate routes in advance for a call. The switching node responds to a call connection request to try to connect the call to the first route, and when having failed at a call connection, the switching node retrys the call connection through one of the assigned routes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,852 issued Aug. 18, 1981, discloses a alternate routing scheme for telephone system wherein a plurality of switching offices are grouped into a cluster, with each switching office in the cluster having direct trunks lines to all of the other switching offices in the cluster. Suitable equipment monitors the busy status of all the switching offices in the cluster and determines a most likely alternate routing scheme for switching office. The alternate routing scheme for each particular switching office is stored at that particular office and is periodically updated, by suitable equipment, so as to account for changes in the busy status of the other switching offices and trunk lines in the cluster.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,182,744 issued Jan. 26, 1993 discloses a restoration system for enhancing the reliability of a telecommunication network such that particular traffic which is disrupted by, for example, a faulty link, may be quickly rerouted by an alternate route established "on the fly". Each node and link forming the network is monitored, and in the event of such monitoring, detects a faulty link or node then, then a central controller is notified. The controller is arranged to locate spare capacity and establish an alternate route, in which the continuity of the alternate route is confirmed before the disruptive traffic is transferred.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,632 issued Jun. 7, 1994, discloses a unit specifying circuit which specifies a first and second specified unit in a cross-connect systems in accordance with a particular route which is selected as a path. When a failure occurs in a particular point of that path, the first specified unit executes a pre-determined operation in cooperation with a second specified unit. When the pre-determined operation finishes, each of the cross-connect systems is operable to select, as the path, another one of the communications route. A failure in the system is detected in accordance with a path alarm indication signal which is supplied from the particular point to each of the first and second specified unit.
None of the prior art addresses various processing scenarios which will activate an action table for release or disconnect of a call with a cause message received over a terminating SS7 or ISDN trunk unit without recoding a control program. Nor does the prior art address the problem of an interchange carrier determining which network and switch should apply a treatment and announcement for a failed call on an SS7 or ISDN network.
An object of the invention is a system and an improved method for managing a variety of cause codes present in a telecommunication network, including translating the codes from the language of one vendor into the language of another vendor, and for automatically performing selected actions in response to the cause codes.
Another object is a system and method for rapid implementation and modification of code translations and desired actions in response to changing network requirements, without necessitating complicated recoding of control programs.
Another object is a system and method for initiation actions to be determined on a per trunk group basis, and in partial dependence upon whether or not the event was locally or remotely initiated.
These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by maintaining in an SS/7 or ISDN system a plurality of RELEASE ACTION TABLES (RATs), one for each trunk group, indicating each possible cause code corresponding to the trunk group and the desired actions to be taken as a result of the cause code. Upon receiving an event generating a cause code from a specified trunk group, a TRUNK GROUP TABLE (TGT) is used to locate a corresponding RELEASE ACTION TABLE INDEX (RATI) that points to the designated RAT corresponding to that trunk group. The cause code is compared against the entries in the RAT to find the particular record or records that match that cause code. On the basis of the data contained in that record or those records, and upon possible other conditions, a fixed computer program determines additional actions to be taken. Changes to the actions to be performed are accomplished by altering the data in the RATs rather than changing the fixed computer program.
FIG. 1 is a representation of a typical prior art SS/7 or ISDN network comprising a plurality of switching nodes, communication links, and central control facilities to which the invention is applicable.
FIG. 2 is a Release Table Index For A Trunk Group.
FIG. 3 is a table of location Codes Categories for a Release Action Table.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for a control program incorporating the principles of the present invention in performing a desired action based upon data contained in a Release Action Table (Table 2).
FIGS. 5A-5E are representations of call processing examples for various cause codes in implementing the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a typical prior art telecommunications network including a plurality of switching nodes N1-N6 interconnected through a plurality of links L12-L56 to form various call routes thereamong. Under normal circumstances, a call to be placed from node N2 to node N4, for example, might be effected by capturing the sequence of links L25, L35, and L34, with the particular choice of links depending upon the availability of trunks between the switching nodes. Under abnormal circumstances, however, it may happen that links L25 and L53 are available, but link L34 is not. Therefore, node N3 will issue a cause code indicating a failure to establish link L34. The cause code may be embodied in a message and travel back along the sequence of nodes N3 and N5 to the originating source (N2). Alternatively, the cause code may be transmitted to a central network control center NC for billing or diagnostic purposes. Node N3 may be internally programmed or may be externally commanded (e.g., by NC) to try to re-establish the link L34, or perhaps to pass back a RELEASE signal (REL) along links L35 and L25 and give up the attempt to establish the call from N2 to N4. Node N5, upon receiving REL, may release the call and pass back a further REL signal to node N2, or may try to establish the same link L35 or a different link such as L45. The choice of which action to take at nodes N5 and N3 will depend upon the particular programming of these nodes. In prior telecommunications networks, the choice of action was hard-encoded in the programming of the nodes, and in some cases, the node might receive a cause code for which it was unable to determine a course of action.
The present invention describes a RELEASE cause action table shown in Table 1 which is installed in conjunction with a control program capable of implementing malfunction treatments at switching nodes N1x where x is any integer. In response to a cause code (Table 2, described hereinafter), the present invention, initiates action in response to these codes. A fixed computer program searches this table to find a match. A typical RAT is shown below:
TABLE 1______________________________________Typical Release Action Table (RAT)Ori- Lgina- Loca- Re- otion Bearer Cod. ST tion Cause try Action g______________________________________PTS STAND. Telco 31 N Local, N TR03ISUPN NDIG STAND. INT'L 41 R RWC, N ASIS, StMPISUPA DIG STAND. Telco 34 N RWC, N ASIS, StMP. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .ISUPN NDIG NET USER 17 D RWC, N ASIS, StMPISUPN NDIG STAND. Telco 31 N RWC, Y ASIS, StMP______________________________________
There are ten (10) possible entries which must be included in the Release Action Table (RAT), as follows:
a) Origination Type PTS, ISUPA, ISUPN
b) Bearer Capability Digital, Non-Digital
c) Coding Standard Code Stand of Cause Indicator
d) Location of REL Location Value
e) Cause Value Cause Value or Internal Switch Event
f) Retry Field Retry, Data Access Point (DAP)
g) Action, Local REL Treatment to provide Cause Code (optional, datafill) Location of Cause Code propagated (optional, datafill)
h) log Indication Optional, Datafill
Entries a, b and d may not be changed or deleted. The Cause Values designated as defaults may not be changed or deleted. All other entries for cause values may be changed.
The table, when accessed, enables the node to take various actions on a failed call occurring in the SS7/ISDN environment on a per trunk basis. The Table driven flexibility is applicable to calls which failed internal to the switch or failed in other terminating switches. The Table will allow for man machine interfaceable actions to be taken on calls which fail during the following call scenarios:
(a) Call Failure Within a Switch:
(b) REL Message Received from an SS7 Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) termination;
(c) REL Message Received from an ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) termination;
The action table will be active on any originating trunk group including:
(a) Any SS7 ISUP trunk group;
(b) Any ISDN trunk group; and
(c) Any per-trunk signalling (PTS) for inband trunk group people.
There are two call processing scenarios which will activate the action table upon a call failure, which is defined as follows:
(a) RELease or DISConnect with cause message received over a terminating SS7 or ISDN trunk group.
The REL/DISC with cause message is defined as any Cause Value other than Normal clearing or normal termination of a call. A RELease with cause message can be received before or after an address complete message (ACM) on SS7 termination. An ISDN RELease or DISCconnect message may be received before or after an ISDN ALERTING message.
If a REL/DISC message is received after an ANSwer (SS7) or CONect (ISDN) message is received, the call will be treated as if a normal call clearing message was received and the action table would not be activated.
An action will also need to be taken on cause value for normal clearing if the cause value is received before ACM or an answer (ANM) (if no ACM is sent) messages. This cause value is specified in Table 2, but would only be valid if received before ACM pr ANM (if no ACM is sent).
(b) Internal call failures are defined as calls which cannot be terminated due to routing, screening, resource, switch degradation or database problems within a given switch or node. Examples include ALL Trunks busy, lack of system resources, database screening failures, etc.
There may be multiple RATs, each associated with a different trunk group. In that case, a TGT (TRUNK GROUP TABLE) is used to obtain a RAT index associated with that trunk group, and the RAT corresponding to that RAT index is then used in processing the incoming event. A Release Table Index (Index) is shown in FIG. 2 and determines what action to be taken on any calls which originate on that specific trunk group
Specific "action profiles" are required for different originating trunk groups. The REL table index will have a range from 1-32. This will allow the creation of 32 different REL/treatment profiles on a single switch. The Index does not have any effect on calls which terminate over a given trunk group.
While the response to these codes might be carried out in the prior art at a switching nod by a computer program containing a chain of compare instructions between the incoming cause code and each of the above codes.
Summarizing Table 1, the Origination field indicates whether the call originates in PER TRUNK SIGNALING (PTS), or ISDN USER PART (ISUP), either used all the way (ISUPA) or not used all the way (ISUPN). The ISUP is obtained from the SS7 INITIAL ADDRESS MESSAGE (IAM). If the call originates on a ISDN trunk, the default value sign during the call set-up will be ISDN USED all the way. If the call origination is PTS, the action of sending a release with cause in a backward direction will not be allowed. All calls which allow reorigination (card calls, etc.) are handled as if they are PTS calls. Origination type will be defaulted to PTS for these calls.
The Bearer Capability indicates whether the entry is required to identify the call as a switched DDS digital (DIG) or voice (NDIG) call, as obtained from the IAM, and is not required for PTS calls. The classification of digital/non-digital will be based on the coding of the user service information parameter of the originating initial address message. In the case of an ISDN origination, this classification will be based on the bearer capability information element of the set up message.
The Coding Standard is received in the REL/DISConnect Message over SS7 and ISDN trunks. The Coding Standard formulated during call failures within the switch may be based on ANSI T1.113.2 Issue 2 and ANTSI T1,607(1990).
Location values received over SS7,ISDN trunks are assigned for different categories of users as shown in FIG. 3. Location values formulated within the switch for call failures within the switch are mapped to a Location value and Cause value. Each switch in the network, regardless of carrier, has a call failure to RELease cause, location code mapping document.
Cause codes are shown in Table 2. A typical list of cause codes that might be expected to be found at a telecommunications switching node, are as follows:
______________________________________Code Name______________________________________2 No Route to Transit Net.3 No Route/Destination.4 Send Special Tone.16 * Normal Clearing -- normal termination of call.17 User Busy.18 No User Response.21 Call Rejected22 Number Changed.27 Destination Out of Service.28 Incomplete Address.31 * Normal, Unspecified.34 No Circuit Available.38 Network Out of Order.41 Temporary Failure.42 Switch Congestion.43 User Information Discard.44 Requested Channel Unavailable.47 * Resource Unavailable.48 Quality of Service Unavailable.58 Bearer Cap Unavailable.63 * Service or Option Unavailable.79 * Service or Option Not Implemented.88 Incompatible Destination.95 * Invalid Message.97 Message Type Not Existent.99 Parameter Not Existent100 Invalid Parameter Content.111 * Protocol Error.127 * Interworking.______________________________________
The cause codes indicated with an asterisk (*) represent the basic set of codes, with additional entries representing optional codes implemented by some vendors.
The cause code values are divided into classes as specified in ANSI T-113.2 Issue 2. Not all cause values are explicitly specified in Table 2. The default for each cause class must be explicitly specified in the Table. In addition to the default cause value, 30 additional entries for category combination must be available. These 30 entries are data filled and must be man-machine interface able. If a cause value is received and its not identified in the table, the default for the class should be used along with other conditions to determine the action required.
In addition to the cause values which would be received over an SS7 or ISDN trunk, call failures which occur within switch must be mapped to a cause value and a location value. Each switch must supply a call failure to REL code mapping document. For example, an all trunks busy condition occurring within the switch in question would be mapped to a cause code 34. After formulating a cause and location according to this event, the required switch action will be determined by a Release Action Table.
The Retry field indicates whether the call should be re-attempted on the next available route or redirected based on a routing response. As explained below, it is not always advisable to automatically retry the link, and therefore the node maintains a Retry Counter to ensure that the link is only retried a specified maximum number of times. This field may also indicate that No re-attempts or redirection should occur. There are several options for the retry field. Among these options are:
(a) Retry--If this field is set to retry, the call will be re-attempted on the next available route choice.
(b) Data Excess Point (DAP)--If this field is set to DAP and direct termination overflow (DTO) is allowed for the call in progress, a standard application data field (ADF) transactional capabilities part (TCAP) overflow treatment request message will be sent to DAP and the call will be redirected based on the DAP response.
(c) DAP Plus Retry--If, this field is set to data and retry (D&R), both DAP and Retry have been selected. The order of precedence is DAP for calls where DTO is available, REtry on calls which do not have DTO available.
(d) None--If this field is set to "N" or none, then no retry or DTO, actions will be taken. The action for this call will be determined by the Action field entry.
The Action field determines the actions taken when a call or call event matching the previous conditions has occurred. The field indicates the types of messages that are propagated back through the network as a result of the call event. The options for this field are:
(a) RWC (Release With Cause) indicates to propagate a REL message in the backward direction for this call. In this case, the cause code is filled in by the current node. ASIS indicates that the cause code can be propagated AS IS; and
(b) Treat Locally indicates that the event is handled locally, with the REL message propagated backward with the cause coded as "normal clearing."
The Log indicator field generate a log entry for each specified call failure for diagnostic purposes.
Now turning to the operation of the Release Action Table (Table 1), a preferred embodiment may be illustrated in conjunction with the flow diagram of FIG. 4. An event requiring use of the RAT may be generated at the current switching node 201 or may be the result of a REL propagating through the network 205. If the event is locally generated, it may be treated locally as in box 203. Or, the event may be externally generated or treated, in which case the program first determines the location, cause, origin and type of signal (digital or non-digital) in flow box 206; then determines the trunk group and obtains the pointer to the appropriate RAT in flow boxes 207 and 208, and looks up the event conditions in that RAT to determine whether or not the RAT includes the necessary action data for that event (box 209). In the case the RAT contains appropriate information for that event, the program continues to invoke the appropriate actions as dictated in the Log, Retry, and Action fields of the table. First, a log entry is generated if so required in the Log field (box 213). Then if redirection is indicated by a "D" in the Retry field, the Redirection Counter is checked to see if too many redirection attempts have been performed (box 215), and if not, the redirection is performed in box 217 (Direct Termination Overflow). If "R" or retry is indicated in the Retry field, then the Retry Counter is checked to see if too many retry attempts have been performed (box 219), and if not, retry is performed in box 221. Finally the Action field is queried to determine if the action should be locally treated, released with cause, or passed back ASIS. If local treatment is specified, then the event is locally treated in box 222, and the Release message is changed to "normal clearing." Otherwise, the event is either released with cause or passed back ASIS, as indicated in box 225.
As described above, by removing the action data from the control program and placing it in a Release Action Table, it is possible to utilize a fixed computer program and yet have a changeable control algorithm. In addition, the use of the RAT enables a wide variety of actions dependent upon event conditions to be efficiently implemented and presented.
Now turning to FIGS. 5A-5E, various examples of call processing will be described in state diagrams for the switches involved in processing various cause code conditions, as follows:
In FIG. 5A, a Release Action Table Data Fill is shown for a PTS originated signal at switch A. An initial address message is sent to switch B which responds to a User Busy condition (Code 17) by returning a release message to switch A which initiates and plays a local TRO3 announcement.
In FIG. 5B, a Release Action Table is shown for an integrated services digital network user part (ISUP) message applied to Switch A. An initial address message is sent to Switch B which returns busy signal to Switch A which generates a REl message to a user.
In FIG. 5C, a Release Action Table is shown for an ISUP an originated signal which indicates a cause 5 failure. Switch A sends a cause 31 failure to Switch B since cause 5 is not found in Table 2. Cause code 31 is the default for the cause code. Switch B sends a release message to Switch A which returns a REL to the location Transit.
In FIG. 5D, a Release Action Table is shown for an ISUPN originated signal to Switch A for a cause 5 condition. Switch A sends a REL cause 5 to the Telco even though cause 5 is not found in the cause table for Switch A. This because the action is a release with cause (RWC) condition. Switch B returns to Switch A a REL to the Telco for cause 5.
In FIG. 5E, the Release Action Table shows Switch A receiving a NDIG call and routing the call via a digital access point (DAP) which indicates direct termination overflow is available. Switch A launches a first initial address message with the MFCFI set to direct termination overflow. Switch B routes the call to the terminal trunk group, receives an RWC 47. Switch B accesses the Action Table, determines the for RWC. Switch A receives Switch B RWC, queries DAP with overflow routing request because table datafill for Retry/Redirects=DAP. Switch A launches a 2nd IAM based on DAP overflow routing response.
While the use of the RAT has been illustrated on the basis of a specific table structure and control program, it should be clear that modifications to the table and program can be carried out by those skilled in the art without departing from the novel aspects of the invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined by the claims appended herewith.
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
|Sep 29, 1995
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