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The undisputed leader in retrospective network analysis (RNA), GigaStor eliminates the time-consuming task of recreating problems for troubleshooting. Just hit rewind to go back in time and review past network activity. Then navigate to the exact moment a problem occurred and see detailed packet-level views before, during, and after an issue occurrence.
The result is the elimination of unnecessary finger-pointing between network and application teams, fast and accurate issue identification, and speedy resolution. By removing the guesswork, GigaStor provides long-term corporate-wide benefits that include:
GigaStor is the perfect solution for your networks security, compliance, and troubleshooting needs. It works on gigabit, 10 Gb, and 40 Gb links with an immense storage capacity that dwarfs the competition. Product offerings come in a range of sizes with capacity support for more than a petabyte of network data for days, weeks, or months of visibility.
Observer GigaStor Brochure Observer Platform Overview
Simplify problem isolation with Observer GigaStors unique time-based navigation system. Identify time of problem occurrence, and then navigate down to the nanosecond for quick and accurate root-cause identification. GigaStor also offers a big-picture view with a macro timeline graph for proactive management, showing related problems and spikes occurring before an incident so you can dig deeper to prevent re-occurrence.
Sift through more than a petabyte of data, perform analysis, and find the problem through root-cause analysis minimising downtime and end-user impact. From an enterprise-wide view, you can track bandwidth utilisation, network Top Talkers, application metrics, and even VoIP quality statistics.
Have more than one GigaStor? Multi-GigaStor Analysis allows you to extract and combine data from numerous appliances into one console, providing a consolidated view of all GigaStor data.
Super strong military-grade AES-256 data-at-rest encryption protects highly sensitive user data when held within GigaStor at 10 Gb line rate without degradation to packet capture and store performance. Integration with hardware security modules (HSM) enables GigaStor appliances to perform conversation-based decryption using SSL/TSL certificates while fully complying with PKCS #11 standards.
The Gen2 Card is exclusively built and engineered by Viavi Solutions. Designed to maximise performance on critical links, it guarantees the fastest real-time packet capture, largest buffers, and highest port density in the industry. See the 10 Gb speed test report by Tolly. Gen2 ensures accurate captures on fully-saturated networks, collects full-duplex wire speed capture statistics, and can monitor multiple gigabit links. It supports full-duplex gigabit, 10 Gb, and 40 Gb.
GigaStor is changing the way network and security teams do their jobs. It passively captures and archives all data traversing the network for later analysis and reporting, making it ideal for meeting security forensics and compliance objectives. For example, the GigaStor not only shows that communications took place, it can reconstruct the mined data providing evidence such as phone conversations, web pages, instant messages, and emails. It serves as a network eyewitness, determining whether a problem relates to the network, security, or application. Use GigaStors Expert Analysis and uploaded Snort rules to investigate security breaches and compliance issues.
Get an immense depth of application detail in nanoseconds. More than HTTP traffic monitoring, our app analysis goes beyond simple response times. It ensures faster MTTR using a trifecta of comprehensive performance metrics including Application Performance Analysis that focuses on end-user experience, Transaction Analysis that provides extensive detail about the applications layers 5 to 7, and Expert Analytics packed with a variety of advanced analysis tools that save critical minutes, hours, even days off of troubleshooting time.


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Open Weekend FREE VISIT+ RIDES
We would like
to invite you and your friends and family to come along to Chinnor railway
station between 10.00 and 15.00 hours on Saturday 3 June and again on Sunday 4 June 2017 to explore, have fun, and see what the Railway offers
all our visitors and the local community.
Did you know that we are 100% volunteer run and there are no paid-staff at the Railway:
It's also an opportunity for many of our visitors to perhaps think about how they could get involved in some way or other and when you talk with our existing volunteers, you'll find there's something for almost everyone!
Learn about our restoration progress and hear about exciting future plans:
- See behind the scenes - visit the trains, yard, signal box, and more.
- Ride the heritage diesel railcar along part of the line for FREE and hear all the latest developments and news on the 'Risboro Story.
- Learn about the Chinnor Restoration and Education Centre, including how we will aim to tell the story of Chinnor and its industrial past and our local railway heritage.
- Meet our royal shunter Haversham and his companion the Lovely Linda!
- See how we service and prepare Steam Locomotive No.6412.
- Meet the drivers and firemen who will tell you about their unique experiences.
- Visit the signal box and understand how safety is paramount on the line.
- Chat with the team who maintains the carriages and wagons.
- Hear how we maintain the track and lineside in an environmentally friendly way.
- See how we operate our services and how we aim to delight our visitors.
Our updated site plan will be available here shortly - also the Tea Room and Gift Shop will be open throughout the day.
Booking information
No booking required - just come along at the weekend - everyone welcome!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
1st Expert Tech Service, Select State/Province United States of America
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Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 01/11/2013 01:44 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/1st-expert-tech-service/-select-stateprovince-/1st-expert-tech-service-natalie-black-charged-me-14900-to-replace-microsoft-security-ess-995260. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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SUBMITTED: Thursday, July 18, 2013POSTED: Thursday, July 18, 2013
Well, I guess these people are fraudulent since they say they don't use Microsoft Security Essentials, but they actually said they were from Microsoft when they told me I had Error Warnings and needed a new Security Application.
Eventually in June 2013 they called and wanted to give me my $149.00 back, but the guy was from Bangladesh (couldn't hardly understand him) and he wanted my credit card number and bank account information. At first he was going to send it through Western Union and I think they knew it was a fraudulent company and cancelled it. Since I thought it was funny that he wanted all that personal information I asked him to send me a check for what they owed me. Of course he said he had to return it to the same credit card I had used. Since it was my new debit card I didn't want him to have the new one and certainly he didn't need my bank account password and login information. As a result I have never gotten my $149.00 back.
He told me I was stupid when I asked him to send a check or stop calling me. Therefore as far as I am concerned these people who are calling from Bangledash or London or wherever they are are a fraudulent company just trying to make money doing nothing for you.
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 REBUTTAL Owner of company
SUBMITTED: Thursday, January 17, 2013POSTED: Thursday, January 17, 2013
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
Advertisers above have met our
strict standards for business conduct.


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Patches are works of art made through an embroidery machine. Others call them badges. Nowadays, embroidered, woven and PVC are the types of badges where the most common kinds are the embroidered ones.
We use an embroidery machine to produce these types. Different organizations, military units, specialty clubs, sports team and any types of groups use a patch to represent their symbol, insignia or emblem. If you plan to order badges, here are a few things to remember:
We accept any design. Just send us an image of your design and we produce a digital image, complete with colors. Alternatively, describe your artwork to our design team and we create what you have in mind with our newest imaging software. We proceed after you choose the shapes, sizes, border types, colors, among other things and accept the digital image.
We offer various shapes. You can choose from our predefined shapes such as rectangular, square, triangle, and round. We also accept orders with irregular shapes. Alternatively, you can send us an image of your desired shape and we will make them for you.
Our charges vary according to the size of your patch and our smallest size is two inches. Calculating the appropriate size for your patches is easy. Measure the width and length (usually the highest points). Add the two figures and divide them by 2. The number you get is the approximate patch size. If you are not up to making manual calculations, you can always use our online calculator before you place your orders.
A patch is a symbol of your organization so make sure that anyone who sees it remembers the logo. You can choose any colors you want for your design. Our suggestion is choose a lighter color for your background and darker ones for your foreground or letterings. This technique makes your logo more readable and more noticeable once we embroider or turn it into a patch. Sometimes, the colors may vary from the choices you see in our site with the actual. To get the exact color, you may use a Pantone color chart and tell us the number. We use this number to choose the thread for your patch.
Sometimes, images are not enough to convey a message. You need letterings to represent what your organization does. For a readable font, we suggest 14pts or ¼ inch. You can select any font you like, may it be sans serif or cursive letterings. We provide a sample of the fonts we use. Anyways, we prepare a digital image of your design so that you could see how the fonts look when actual threads are used. The digital image is the mockup of the actual patches we make.
We offer two types of borders, mirrored and hot cut. In a mirrored border, we stitch up the edges with thread that matches your design and colors while in a hot cut border, we use a hot knife to seal the edges of the patch.
We have different types of backing. We offer Velcro, peel and stick, iron-on, plastic or no backing. No backing patch allows sewing to any clothing. Peel-and-stick patch is ideal for gatherings where people aside from members attend your event. Iron-on permits you to attach the patch by heating or ironing it. Velcro patch allows you to replace it easily.
We offer 50%, 75%, 100% embroidery. We embroider the letterings and design in a 50% embroidery and the twill or backing remains visible. In 50% embroidery, you should choose a twill color that complements the colors of your design. In 75% embroidery, a small portion of the twill backing is exposed. No backing is exposed in a 100-percent embroidery. 100% embroidery is more expensive plus we need to know the Pantone color number so we could match the exact color you want.
Aside from embroidered patch, we also produce woven and PVC types. We recommend these types for designs that require greater details and smaller fonts that an embroidery machine cannot produce.
Our prices vary from one quote to another. Generally, we do not charge extra costs for seven colors and lesser. The larger the size of the patch the higher is the cost per piece but if you are ordering patches in bulk quantities, we offer discounts. The more quantities you order the lower is the price per patch.
A patch is a good representation of an organization. With the many developments on the methodology, we can manufacture hundreds in minutes. In a matter of days, you receive your orders in excellent quality.


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Post-op acupuncture is said to increase vascular & lymphatic blood circulation, reduce pain, reduce swelling, and assist with nerve regeneration. Is there truly a benefit to post-op acupuncture? What timing in post-op recovery would you recommend? What else should I know about acupuncture which I may not be thinking about?
Acupuncture to Help with Post-op Tummy Tuck Recovery? (photo)
Doctor Answers 5
Acupuncture increases blood flow to affected areas
Acupuncture increases blood flow to affected areas. In addition, acupuncture can decrease inflammation and increase lymphatic bloodflow. Acupuncture has also been found to reduce pain. I see nothing wrong with doing acupuncture after a tummy tuck or abdominoplasty. The only thing I would caution you about is having your therapist keep the acupuncture needles from going directly into the incision. Also most patients after an abdominoplasty or tummy tuck have an area of numbness below the belly button but above the incision. This area should be noted because you may not have sensation to this area. Just mention this to your acupuncture therapist. Congratulations on your weight loss and your improved body shape. Sincerely, Dr.Katzen
Web reference: http://timothykatzenmd.com/body/abdominoplasty-tummy-tuck/
Acupuncture after Tummy Tuck
As I cannot substantiate any purported benefit of acupuncture following tummy tuck, I cannot recommend it. Kenneth Hughes, MD male tummy tuck Los Angeles, CA
Tummy tuck
I dont know that anyone has done a well controlled study measuring the effects of acupuncture on the rate of healing after abominoplasty. Any information would be anecdotal. Listen to the advice give by your own doc
You might also like...
Acupuncture to Help with Post-op Tummy Tuck Recovery
Without commenting on how successful this might be, I would only caution to wait until all your incisions are clean and free of any drainage. Usually that will be about 2 weeks for most. Best wishes.
Acupunture after male tummy tuck
Assuming you are about 2 weeks after your tummy tuck, this may help:
- the swelling you have is normal,
- wearing a garment for 4-6 weeks will help more than anything else,
- I recommend no acupuncture until all pain is gone - about 3 weeks
- Acupuncture research shows that it improves recovery from nerve injuries. I can find now studies showing that liposuction improves liposuction recovery.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Tulkinghorn is getting ready to rumble. This October Carmelite Chambers and David Phillips & Partners presents to the legal profession… Fight Night II. The latter is a personal injury specialist. How spectacularly appropriate.
The event will see solicitors and barristers enter the ring to see who can float like a butterfly and sting like a bee. If last year is anything to go by, spectators are in for a treat. Chances are, more than one lawyer will end up with a bloody nose.
Last year the likes of Finlay Hanslip from Hempsons Solicitors and Joe Wilson of St Philips Chambers chose to don the gloves to knock seven bells out of each other. This year David Phillips' very own celebrity solicitor trainee Peter 'PJ' Ellis (yes fact fans, the same PJ who appeared in Big Brother 3 in 2002 and got jiggy with Jade Goody) will be throwing the punches.
For those lawyers out there looking to enter the ring, beware: the rules are, there are no rules. Well, so they say, but somehow Tulkinghorn doubts this will turn out to be a legal market version of the Thunderdome from the third Mad Max flick.
If you happen to see Tina Turner rocking up to the Hilton Hotel on Park Lane, you know he's wrong.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the site.
This step is voluntary but will dramatically enhance your chances of getting interest from other members on the website. Let people know a bit about yourself, your interests and atach your nicest photo of yourself.
Use our website's sophisticated search to encounter members who match your criteria. Or just browse through listings and encounter singles that interest you.
Found someone who could be interesting? Send a note to them or just a wink and see what happens next. With a little luck you'll be on your way to true love.
It's quick and simple


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Cabela's Men's Cargo Work Pants - Landslide 'Off White' (30) - $24.88
Ready for work or play, these pants are crafted of durable 100% cotton canvas. Front slash pockets, two back pockets, a tool pocket and loop, and roomy cargo pockets with hook-and-loop closures on each thigh. Antique-brass hardware throughout. Machine washable. Imported. Inseams: 30, 32. Waist sizes: 30-48 (even). Inseam: 34. Waist sizes: 32-42 (even). Colors: Buffalo, Evergreen, Landslide,RoughneckBrown. Size: 30. Color: Landslide. Gender: Male. Age Group: Adult. Material: Canvas. - $24.88


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Mark Wahlberg Claims He Would've Been a 9/11 Action Hero
After a new interview with Men's Journal, Mark Wahlberg is under fire for perhaps taking his own image as an action star a bit too seriously.
After a new interview with Men's Journal, Mark Wahlberg is under fire for perhaps taking his own image as an action star a bit too seriously.
People scared of flying might mark British Airways off their list of possible airline choices for good after an automated announcement mistakenly told passengers to prepare for a crash-landing — twice.
An eagle-eyed tipster has sent the New York Post a screenshot from last week's episode of 'The Office" which seems to show Steve Carell, the show's former star, making an unannounced cameo.
There's a lot of talk right now about the Web blackout for PIPA and SOPA. And, of course, some folks are mighty confused. That's where we come in.
On Tuesday, we told you about some of the sites — Wikipedia, Reddit and the Cheezburger network among them — that planned to go dark today in protest of the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and PROTECT IP Act (PIPA), anti-piracy legislation under consideration by the US Congress.
They weren't the only stops on the internet to take a stand — here's a roundup of some of the most prominent peaceful protestors.
Last week we got some sad news. Hostess, the company that makes Twinkies, among other artificially-flavored treats, will declare bankruptcy.
Taking it upon herself to preserve what she calls the "creamy goo that holds this country together" talk show host and sweet tooth Wendy Williams has launched a campaign to "Save the Twinkie."
Being the leader of the free world has lots of perks — and apparently one of them is that Johnny Depp comes to your Halloween parties.
Kim Kardashian was all set to appear in a sexy Super Bowl commercial for Skechers. But then, the shoe company had second thoughts about using the reality TV star, and have rewritten Kardashian's role instead for…a French bulldog.
The holidays may be over, but chances are you've got a constant reminder: a gift card. Gift cards are always a popular choice for holiday gifts, so you'd think more of them would actually be redeemed — but experts believe at least $2 billion worth of the cards given last year will never see a cash register.
So what happens to all that money?
Hooray! Sources are confirming that Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel are really engaged, and a lot of us are saying, "Well, it's about time." It certainly wasn't a smooth ride on the road to "happily ever after," considering both their three-month split last year and all their past relationships.
Do you think employers should assist their workers in quitting cigarette smoking? Would you pay a higher premium for them to do so?
These two questions have already been answered by a plethora companies, as a significant portion of them, both large and small, offer this newly designed health benefit to their employees. The Washington Post reports, many of these companies have created a two-tier approach in assisting smokers wanting to quit.


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International Whisky - Blended
This bottle is currently not available through Proof66.
Puni Alba Italian Malt Whisky
Bottle/Rating Data
Tier/Percentile : Tier 2Proof66 Rating : 419 / 774Rabble Rating : UnratedProducer and Owner: Puni DistilleryOrigin: ItalyWebsite: http://www.puni.com/ABV: 43.0% Proof: 86.0Price (USD) : $80Age: 3
San Francisco WSC
- 2016
Beverage Testing Institute
- This bottle has not been rated by this competition.
Wine Enthusiast
- This bottle has not been rated by this competition.
Proof66 Notes
Puni Alba Italian Malt Whisky is younger in style, aged for 3 years in a combination of Marsala wine casks and Scottish Islay casks. It is a blended whisky from different grains but each of those grains are malted for additional sweetness: wheat, barley, and rye grains.
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I voted for the 9mm only because of the capacity. That said, I carry either of my two 1911's (5" and 4"). Yes, I do have to take two extra magazines and it is a bit heavy, relative to other commercial offerings. The 1911 is what I have used for a number of years. I'm good with it, know it, trust it, can deploy in any condition and I just don't miss too much. I sold a .40 to get a second 1911. I'm getting to the age where simple is better. I like consistent muscle memory and don't feel the need to make a lot of changes. But that's me. The pistol you're contemplating is an excellent choice. I'd still recommend at least one extra magazine, whether you go with the 9mm or the .40.
BTW - welcome to the Forum!


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Mumbai, Nov 18: Passengers of a local train in Mumbai were shocked and humiliated when a naked woman boarded the train and created ruckus.
The woman, under the influence of alcohol, stripped off her cloths and started roaming inside the train. She also shouted at other passengers and created trouble for them.
The incident took place near Thane station on Tuesday, Nov 17. According to reports, the woman, who was in her 50s, boarded the train from Thane.
She got into the luggage compartment. The CST-bound local train got delayed for 15 minutes as she created chaos inside the compartments.
Passengers informed the Government Railway Police (GRP) of Mulund who later arrested the woman, whose identity has not been revealed yet.
Many people took photographs of the woman but did not come forward to help her. However, a few gentlemen approached the stationmaster and informed about the woman.
One police official was quoted as saying, "The woman has not yet informed us about where she has come from, as she was not in the right mental state owing to the hangover."
"We have filed case against her under Section 43 of the Indian Penal Code (Indecency in public place) and are searching for her family members," officials added.
Police have been trying to get CCTV footage of Thane station. It may help them to ascertain the exact time when she got into the train and to find out if she had removed her clothes herself or some other people were responsible for her condition.
According to sources, the woman was fluent in English and seems to be from a good family. However, police did not get any information regarding her family and address.
OneIndia News


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 23, 1998
|Filing date
|Jun 6, 1995
|Priority date
|Oct 4, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jewel M. Payne, Tracy Ellis Michaels
|Original Assignee
|Mycogen Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (5), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of Ser. No. 08/101,863 (filed Aug. 4, 1993) which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,786; which is a division of Ser. No. 07/977,386 (filed Nov. 17, 1992; now abandoned); which is a division of Ser. No. 07/771,964 (filed Oct. 4, 1991; now abandoned).
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) produces an insect toxin designated as δ-endotoxin. It is synthesized by the B.t. sporulating cell. The toxin, upon being ingested in its crystalline form by susceptible insect larvae, is transformed into biologically active moieties by the insect gut juice proteases. The primary target is insect cells of the gut epithelium, which are rapidly destroyed.
The reported activity spectrum of B.t. covers insect species within the order Lepidoptera, many of which are major pests in agriculture and forestry. The activity spectrum also includes the insect order Diptera, which includes mosquitos and black flies. See Couch, T. L. (1980) "Mosquito Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis," Developments in Industrial Microbiology 22:61-76; Beegle, C. C., (1978) "Use of Entomogenous Bacteria in Agroecosystems," Developments in Industrial Microbiology 20:97-104. Krieg et al. (1983) Z. ang. Ent. 96:500-508, describe a B.t. isolate named Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis, which is reportedly active against two beetles in the order Coleoptera. These are the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and Agelastica alni.
In European Patent Application 0 202 739 there is disclosed a novel B.t. isolate active against Coleoptera. It is known as B. thuringiensis var. san diego (B.t.sd.). U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,765 discloses the coleopteran-active Bacillus thuringiensis isolate B.t. PS86B1. European Patent Application 0 337 604 also discloses a novel B.t. isolate active against Coleoptera. This isolate is B.t. PS43F.
Coleopteran-active strains, such as B.t.sd., B.t. PS86B1, and B.t. PS43F, can be used to control foliar-feeding beetles. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), for example, is susceptible to the delta-endotoxin of B.t.sd. and larvae are killed upon ingesting a sufficient dose of spore/crystal preparation on treated foliage.
There are a number of other beetles that cause economic damage. For example, Chrysomelid beetles such as Flea Beetles and Corn Rootworms and Curculionids such as Alfalfa Weevils are particularly important pests. Flea Beetles include a large number of small leaf feeding beetles that feed on the leaves of a number of grasses, cereals and herbs. Flea Beetles include a large number of genera (e.g., Altica, Apphthona, Argopistes, Disonycha, Epitrix, Longitarsus, Prodagricomela, Systena, and Phyllotreta). The Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, also known as the Rape Flea Beetle, is a particularly important pest. Corn rootworms include species found in the genus Diabrotica (e.g., D. undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, D. undecimpunctata howardii, D. longicornis, D. virgifera and D. balteata). Corn rootworms cause extensive damage to corn and curcubits. The Western Spotted Cucumber Beetle, D. undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, is a pest of curcubits in the western U.S. Alfalfa weevils (also known as clover weevils) belong to the genus, Hypera (H. postica, H. brunneipennis, H. nigrirostris, H. punctata and H. meles), and are considered an important pest of legumes. The Egyptian alfalfa weevil, H. brunneipennis, is an important pest of alfalfa in the western U.S.
The subject invention concerns Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) isolates which are active against Diabrotica sp., Hypera sp., and various genera of flea beetles, as listed above. For example, the B.t. isolates of the invention are active against alfalfa weevils (AW, Hypera brunneipennis), rape flea beetles (RFB, Phyllotreta cruciferae), and corn rootworms (CRW, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata). These activities were determined by tests as disclosed in Example 2.
The subject invention also includes mutants of the above B.t. isolates which have substantially the same pesticidal properties as the parent B.t. isolates. Procedures for making mutants are well known in the microbiological art. Ultraviolet light and nitrosoguanidine are used extensively toward this end.
Further, the invention also includes the treatment of substantially intact B.t. cells, and recombinant cells containing the gene of the invention, to prolong the pesticidal activity when the substantially intact cells are applied to the environment of a target pest. Such treatment can be by chemical or physical means, or a combination of chemical or physical means, so long as the technique does not deleteriously affect the properties of the pesticide, nor diminish the cellular capability in protecting the pesticide. The treated cell acts as a protective coating for the pesticidal toxin. The toxin becomes available to act as such upon ingestion by a target insect.
Still farther, the invention includes the genes isolatable from the B.t. isolates which genes encode toxins (proteins) active against the above-noted pests.
FIG. 1--Photograph of a standard SDS polyacrylamide gel of B.t. isolates of the invention.
The Bacillus thuringiensis isolates of the subject invention have the following common characteristics in their biologically pure form:
Common Characteristics of B.t. Isolates of Invention Colony morphology--Large colony, dull surface, typical B.t.
Vegetative cell morphology--typical B.t.
Culture methods--typical for B.t.
A comparison of the characteristics of the B. thuringiensis isolates of the invention to the characteristics of the known B.t. strains B. thuringiensis var. san diego (B.t.sd.) and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (HD-1) is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Comparison of B.t. isolates against B.t.sd. and B.t. HD-1__________________________________________________________________________ B.t.sd. B.t. PS92B square B.t. HD-1 attached B.t. PS73J3 B.t. PS75J1Type of Inclusion wafer bipyramid amorphic amorphic amorphic__________________________________________________________________________Size of Alkali- 72, 64 kDa 68, 130 kDa 80 kDa 64, 75, 79, 63, 75, 79,soluble proteins 81 kDa 81 kDaby SDS-PAGE__________________________________________________________________________ B.t. PS86Q3 B.t. PS86A1 1 long and B.t. PS28Q2Type of multiple small 1 long and B.t. PS45B1 B.t. PS140E2inclusion attached amorphic lemon multiple multiple__________________________________________________________________________Size of Alkali- 45, 58 kDa 58, 62, 98, 63, 70 kDa 35, 135, 150 37, 70, 78soluble proteins 135, 155 kDa kDaby SDS-PAGE kDa__________________________________________________________________________ B.t. PS143J B.t. PS202U2 B.t. PS74G1 B.t. PS98A3 B.t. PS101Z2Type of inclusion amorphic multiple long amorphic long long__________________________________________________________________________Size of Alkali- 29, 40, 78, 45, 58 kD 61, 115, 33, 145, 155 145, 160soluble proteins 96, 98 kDa 150, 155 kDa kDaby SDS-PAGE kDa__________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Isolate B.t. PS73J3 is indistinguishable morphologically from B.t. PS75J1 Further tests will finalize identity.
______________________________________Culture Repository No. Deposit date______________________________________Bacillus thuringiensis PS92B NRRL B-18889 Sept. 23, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS28Q2 NRRL B-18888 Sept. 19, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS45B1 NRRL B-18396 August 16, 1988Bacillus thuringiensis PS75J1 NRRL B-18781 March 7, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS86A1 NRRL B-18400 August 16, 1988Bacillus thuringiensis PS86Q3 NRRL B-18765 February 6, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS140E2 NRRL B-18812 April 23, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS143J NRRL B-18829 May 31, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS202U2 NRRL B-18832 May 31, 1991Bacillus thuringiensis PS74G1 NRRL B-18397 August 16, 1988Bacillus thuringiensis PS98A3 NRRL B-18401 August 16, 1988Bacillus thuringiensis PS101Z2 NRRL B-18890 October 1, 1991______________________________________
The subject cultures have been deposited under conditions that assure that access to the cultures will be available during the pendency of this patent application to one determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 CFR 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. 122. The deposits are available as required by foreign patent laws in countries wherein counterparts of the subject application, or its progeny, are filed. However, it should be understood that the availability of a deposit does not constitute a license to practice the subject invention in derogation of patent rights granted by governmental action.
Further, the subject culture deposits will be stored and made available to the public in accord with the provisions of the Budapest Treaty for the Deposit of Microorganisms, ie., they will be stored with all the care necessary to keep them viable and uncontaminated for a period of at least five years after the most recent request for the furnishing of a sample of a deposit, and in any case, for a period of at least thirty (30) years after the date of deposit or for the enforceable life of any patent which may issue disclosing the cultures. The depositor acknowledges the duty to replace the deposits should the depository be unable to furnish a sample when requested, due to the condition of the deposits. All restrictions on the availability to the public of the subject culture deposits will be irrevocably removed upon the granting of a patent disclosing them.
The B.t. isolates of the invention can be cultured using standard art media and fermentation techniques. Upon completion of the fermentation cycle, the bacteria can be harvested by first separating the B.t. spores and crystals from the fermentation broth by means well known in the art. The recovered B.t. spores and crystals can be formulated into a wettable powder, liquid concentrate, granules, or other formulations by the addition of surfactants, dispersants, inert carriers and other components to facilitate handling and application for particular target pests. These formulation and application procedures are all well known in the art.
Formulated products can be sprayed or applied onto foliage to control phytophagous beetles or larvae.
Another approach that can be taken is to incorporate the spores and crystals of the B.t. isolates into bait granules containing an attractant and applying these granules to the soil for control of soil-inhabiting and foliage feeding Coleoptera. Formulated B.t. isolates can also be applied as a seed-coating or root treatment or total plant treatment.
The B.t. isolates cells can be treated prior to formulation to prolong the pesticidal activity when the cells are applied to the environment of a target pest. Such treatment can be by chemical or physical means, or by a combination of chemical and/or physical means, so long as the technique does not deleteriously affect the properties of the pesticide, nor diminish the cellular capability in protecting the pesticide. Examples of chemical reagents are halogenating agents, particularly halogens of atomic no. 17-80. More particularly, iodine can be used under mild conditions and for sufficient time to achieve the desired results. Other suitable techniques include treatment with aldehydes, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde; anti-infectives, such as zephiran chloride; alcohols, such as isopropyl and ethanol; various histologic fixatives, such as Bouin's fixative and Helly's fixative (See: Humason, Gretchen. L, Animal Tissue Techniques, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1967); or a combination of physical (heat) and chemical agents that prolong the activity of the toxin produced in the cell when the cell is applied to the environment of the target pest(s). Examples of physical means are short wavelength radiation such as gamma-radiation and X-radiation, freezing, UV irradiation, lyophilization, and the like.
Genes encoding toxins having activity against the target susceptible pests can be isolated from the B.t. isolates of the invention by use of well known procedures.
The toxin genes of the subject invention can be introduced into a wide variety of microbial hosts. Expression of the toxin gene results, directly or indirectly, in the intracellular production and maintenance of the pesticide. With suitable hosts, e.g., Pseudomonas, the microbes can be applied to the situs of coleopteran insects where they will proliferate and be ingested by the insects. The result is a control of the unwanted insects. Alternatively, the microbe hosting the toxin gene can be treated under conditions that prolong the activity of the toxin produced in the cell. The treated cell then can be applied to the environment of target pest(s). The resulting product retains the toxicity of the B.t. toxin.
Where the B.t. toxin gene is introduced via a suitable vector into a microbial host, and said host is applied to the environment in a living state, it is essential that certain host microbes be used. Microorganism hosts are selected which are known to occupy the "phytosphere" (phylloplane, phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and/or rhizoplane) of one or more crops of interest. These microorganisms are selected so as to be capable of successfully competing in the particular environment (crop and other insect habitats) with the wild-type microorganisms, provide for stable maintenance and expression of the gene expressing the polypeptide pesticide, and, desirably, provide for improved protection of the pesticide from environmental degradation and inactivation.
A large number of microorganisms are known to inhabit the phylloplane (the surface of the plant leaves) and/or the rhizosphere (the soil surrounding plant roots) of a wide variety of important crops. These microorganisms include bacteria, algae, and fungi. Of particular interest are microorganisms, such as bacteria, e.g. genera Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Serratia, KIebsiella, Xanthomonas, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Rhodopseudomonas, Methylophilius, Agrobacterium, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Arthrobacter,Azotobacter, Leuconostoc, and Alcaligenes; fungi, particularly yeast, e.g., genera Saccharomyces, Cryptococcus, KIuyveromyces, Sporobolomyces, Rhodotorula, and Aureobasidium. Of particular interest are such phytosphere bacterial species as Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Acetobacter xylinum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, Xanthomonas campestris, Rhizobium melioti, Alcaligenes entrophus, and Azotobacter vinlandii; and phytosphere yeast species such as Rhodotorula rubra, R glutinis, R marina, R aurantiaca, Cryptococcus albidus, C diffluens, C. laurentii, Saccharomyces rosei, S. pretoriensis, S. cerevisiae, Sporobolomyces roseus, S. odorus, Kluyveromyces veronae, and Aureobasidium pollulans. Of particular interest are the pigmented microorganisms.
A wide variety of ways are available for introducing the B.t. gene expressing the toxin into the microorganism host under conditions which allow for stable maintenance and expression of the gene. One can provide for DNA constructs which include the transcriptional and translational regulatory signals for expression of the toxin gene, the toxin gene under their regulatory control and a DNA sequence homologous with a sequence in the host organism, whereby integration will occur, and/or a replication system which is functional in the host, whereby integration or stable maintenance will occur.
The transcriptional initiation signals will include a promoter and a transcriptional initiation start site. In some instances, it may be desirable to provide for regulative expression of the toxin, where expression of the toxin will only occur after release into the environment. This can be achieved with operators or a region binding to an activator or enhancers, which are capable of induction upon a change in the physical or chemical environment of the microorganisms. For example, a temperature sensitive regulatory region may be employed, where the organisms may be grown up in the laboratory without expression of a toxin, but upon release into the environment, expression would begin. Other techniques may employ a specific nutrient medium in the laboratory, which inhibits the expression of the toxin, where the nutrient medium in the environment would allow for expression of the toxin. For translational initiation, a ribosomal binding site and an initiation codon will be present.
Various manipulations may be employed for enhancing the expression of the messenger, particularly by using an active promoter, as well as by employing sequences, which enhance the stability of the messenger RNA- The initiation and translational termination region will involve stop codon(s), a terminator region, and optionally, a polyadenylation signal.
In the direction of transcription, namely in the 5' to 3' direction of the coding or sense sequence, the construct will involve the transcriptional regulatory region, if any, and the promoter, where the regulatory region may be either 5' or 3' of the promoter, the ribosomal binding site, the initiation codon, the structural gene having an open reading frame in phase with the initiation codon, the stop codon(s), the polyadenylation signal sequence, if any, and the terminator region. This sequence as a double strand may be used by itself for transformation of a microorganism host, but will usually be included with a DNA sequence involving a marker, where the second DNA sequence may be joined to the toxin expression construct during introduction of the DNA into the host.
By a marker is intended a structural gene which provides for selection of those hosts which have been modified or transformed. The marker will normally provide for selective advantage, for example, providing for biocide resistance, e.g. resistance to antibiotics or heavy metals; complementation, so as to provide prototropy to an auxotrophic host, or the like. Preferably, complementation is employed, so that the modified host may not only be selected, but may also be competitive in the field. One or more markers may be employed in the development of the constructs, as well as for modifying the host. The organisms may be further modified by providing for a competitive advantage against other wild-type microorganisms in the field. For example, genes expressing metal chelating agents, e.g. siderophores, may be introduced into the host along with the structural gene expressing the toxin. In this manner, the enhanced expression of a siderophore may provide for a competitive advantage for the toxin-producing host, so that it may effectively compete with the wild-type microorganisms and stably occupy a niche in the environment.
Where no functional replication system is present, the construct will also include a sequence of at least 50 basepairs (bp), preferably at least about 100 bp, and usually not more than about 1000 bp of a sequence homologous with a sequence in the host. In this way, the probability of legitimate recombination is enhanced, so that the gene will be integrated into the host and stably maintained by the host. Desirably, the toxin gene will be in close proximity to the gene providing for complementation as well as the gene providing for the competitive advantage. Therefore, in the event that a toxin gene is lost, the resulting organism will be likely to also lose the complementing gene and/or the gene providing for the competitive advantage, so that it will be unable to compete in the environment with the gene retaining the intact construct.
A large number of transcriptional regulatory regions are available from a wide variety of microorganism hosts, such as bacteria, bacteriophage, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and the like. Various transcriptional regulatory regions include the regions associated with the trp gene, lac gene, gal gene, the lambda left and right promoters, the tac promoter, the naturally-occurring promoters associated with the toxin gene, where functional in the host. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,332,898, 4,342,832 and 4,356,270. The termination region may be the termination region normally associated with the transcriptional initiation region or a different transcriptional initiation region, so long as the two regions are compatible and functional in the host.
Where stable episomal maintenance or integration is desired, a plasmid will be employed which has a replication system which is functional in the host. The replication system may be derived from the chromosome, an episomal element normally present in the host or a different host, or a replication system from a virus which is stable in the host. A large number of plasmids are available, such as pBR322, pACYC184, RSF1010, pRO1614, and the like. See for example, Olson et al., (1982) J. Bacteriol. 150:6069, and Bagdasarian et al., (1981) Gene 16:237, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,356,270, 4,362,817, and 4,371,625.
The B.t. gene can be introduced between the transcriptional and translational initiation region and the transcriptional and translational termination region, so as to be under the regulatory control of the initiation region. This construct will be included in a plasmid, which will include at least one replication system, but may include more than one, where one replication system is employed for cloning during the development of the plasmid and the second replication system is necessary for functioning in the ultimate host. In addition, one or more markers may be present, which have been described previously. Where integration is desired, the plasmid will desirably include a sequence homologous with the host genome.
The transformants can be isolated in accordance with conventional ways, usually employing a selection technique, which allows for selection of the desired organism as against unmodified organisms or transferring organisms, when present. The transformants then can be tested for pesticidal activity.
Suitable host cells, where the pesticide-containing cells will be treated to prolong the activity of the toxin in the cell when the then treated cell is applied to the environment of target pest(s), may include either prokaryotes or eukaryotes, normally being limited to those cells which do not produce substances toxic to higher organisms, such as mammals. However, organisms which produce substances toxic to higher organisms could be used, where the toxin is unstable or the level of application sufficiently low as to avoid any possibility of toxicity to a mammalian host. As hosts, of particular interest will be the prokaryotes and the lower eukaryotes, such as fungi. Illustrative prokaryotes, both Gram-negative and -positive, include Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia, Erwinia, Shigella, Salmonella, and Proteus; Bacillaceae; Rhizobiceae, such as Rhizobium; Spirillaceae, such as photobacterium, Zymomonas, Serratia, Aeromonas, Vbrio, Desulfovibrio, Spirillum; Lactobacillaceae; Pseudomonadaceae, such as Pseudomonas and Acetobacter, Azotobacteraceae and Nitrobacteraceae. Among eukaryotes are fungi, such as Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes, which includes yeast, such as Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces; and Basidiomycetes yeast, such as Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces, and the like.
Characteristics of particular interest in selecting a host cell for purposes of production include ease of introducing the B.t. gene into the host, availability of expression systems, efficiency of expression, stability of the pesticide in the host, and the presence of auxiliary genetic capabilities. Characteristics of interest for use as a pesticide microcapsule include protective qualities for the pesticide, such as thick cell walls, pigmentation, and intracellular packaging or formation of inclusion bodies; leaf affinity; lack of mammalian toxicity; attractiveness to pests for ingestion; ease of killing and fixing without damage to the toxin; and the like. Other considerations include ease of formulation and handling, economics, storage stability, and the like.
Host organisms of particular interest include yeast, such as Rhodotorula sp., Aureobasidium sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Sporobolomyces sp.; phylloplane organisms such as Pseudomonas sp., Erwinia sp. and Flavobacterium sp.; or such other organisms as Escherichia, Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and the like. Specific organisms include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces lividans, and the like.
The cell will usually be intact and be substantially in the proliferative form when treated, rather than in a spore form, although in some instances spores may be employed.
Treatment of the recombinant microbial cell can be done as disclosed infra. The treated cells generally will have enhanced structural stability which will enhance resistance to environmental conditions. Where the pesticide is in a proform, the method of inactivation should be selected so as not to inhibit processing of the proform to the mature form of the pesticide by the target pest pathogen. For example, formaldehyde will crosslink proteins and could inibit processing of the proform of a polypeptide pesticide. The method of inactivation or killing retains at least a substantial portion of the bio-availability or bioactivity of the toxin.
The cellular host containing the B.t. insecticidal gene may be grown in any convenient nutrient medium, where the DNA construct provides a selective advantage, providing for a selective medium so that substantially all or all of the cells retain the B.t. gene. These cells may then be harvested in accordance with conventional ways. Alternatively, the cells can be treated prior to harvesting.
The B.t. cells may be formulated in a variety of ways. They may be employed as wettable powders, granules or dusts, by mixing with various inert materials, such as inorganic minerals (phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and the like) or botanical materials (powdered corncobs, rice hulls, walnut shells, and the like). The formulations may include spreader-sticker adjuvants, stabilizing agents, other pesticidal additives, or surfactants. Liquid formulations may be aqueous-based or non-aqueous and employed as foams, gels, suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, or the like. The ingredients may include Theological agents, surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants, or polymers.
The pesticidal concentration will vary widely depending upon the nature of the particular formulation, particularly whether it is a concentrate or to be used directly. The pesticide will be present in at least 1% by weight and may be 100% by weight. The dry formulations will have from about 1-95% by weight of the pesticide while the liquid formulations will generally be from about 1-60% by weight of the solids in the liquid phase. The formulations will generally have from about 102 to about 104 cells/mg. These formulations will be administered at about 50 mg (liquid or dry) to 1 kg or more per hectare.
The formulations can be applied to the environment of the coleopteran pest(s), e.g., plants, soil or water, by spraying, dusting, sprinkling, baiting, or the like.
Following are examples which illustrate procedures, including the best mode, for practicing the invention. These examples should not be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted.
A subculture of a B.t. isolate can be used to inoculate the following medium, a peptone, glucose, salts medium.
______________________________________Bacto Peptone 7.5 g/lGlucose 1.0 g/lKH2 PO4 3.4 g/lK2 HPO4 4.35 g/1Salt Solution 5.0 ml/lCaCl2 Solution 5.0 ml/lSalts Solution (100 ml)MgSO4.7H2 O 2.46 gMnSO4.H2 O 0.04 gZnSO4.7H2 O 0.28 gFeSO4.7H2 O 0.40 gCaCl2 Solution (100 ml)CaCl2.2H2 O 3.66 g pH 7.2______________________________________
The salts solution and CaCl2 solution are filter-sterilized and added to the autoclaved and cooked broth at the time of inoculation. Flasks are incubated at 30� C. on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for 64 hr.
The above procedure can be readily scaled up to large fermentors by procedures well known in the art.
The B.t. spores and crystals, obtained in the above fermentation, can be isolated by procedures well known in the art. A frequently-used procedure is to subject the harvested fermentation broth to separation techniques, e.g., centrifugation.
B.t. isolates of the subject invention were tested against the Rape Flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) as follows:
Leaf sections were dipped into a suspension containing the B.t. isolate and allowed to dry. Adult beetles were placed in plastic cups, and the leaf section was placed between the cup rim and the cardboard lid. Cups were inverted and held on moist blotter paper at room temperature. Four days after treatment the amount of leaf feeding damage was recorded.
B.t. isolates of the subject invention were also tested against the Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) as follows:
A suspension of the B.t. preparation was pipetted onto the surface of a 1.5% agar diet in a 24 well assay tray. When it was completely dry, one, second instar, larvae was placed in each well. A sheet of Mylar was heat sealed over the tray and pierced with pins, and the tray was held at 25� C. for six days before mortality was determined.
B.t. isolates of the subject invention were further tested against the Western Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) as follows:
Approximately 1 ml of 1.5% agar diet was added to each well of an assay plate. The surface of the diet was treated with a B.t. suspension, allowed to dry then infested with up to 5 larvae per well before the tray was sealed with ventilated Mylar. Mortality was determined at intervals, and a larval weight or instar determination was finally made on day 10.
The novel genes coding for the novel insecticidal toxins, as disclosed herein, can be inserted into plant cells using the Ti plasmid from Agrobacter tumefaciens. Plant cells can then be caused to regenerate into plants (Zambryski, P., Joos, H., Gentello, C., Leemans, J., Van Montague, M. and Schell, J 1983! Cell 32:1033-1043). A particularly useful vector in this regard is pEND4K (Klee, H. J., Yanofsky, M. F. and Nester, E. W. 1985! Bio/Technology 3:637-642). This plasmid can replicate both in plant cells and in bacteria and has multiple cloning sites for passenger genes. A toxin gene, for example, can be inserted into the BamHI site of pEND4K, propagated in E. coli, and transformed into appropriate plant cells.
--Cloning of Novel B. thuringiensis Gene Into Baculoviruses
The novel genes of the invention can be cloned into baculoviruses such as Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). Plasmids can be constructed that contain the AcNPV genome cloned into a commercial cloning vector such as pUC8. The AcNPV genome is modified so that the coding region of the polyhedrin gene is removed and a unique cloning site for a passenger gene is placed directly behind the polyhedrin promoter. Examples of such vectors are pGP-B6874, described by Pennock et al. (Pennock, G. D., Shoemaker, C. and Miller, L. K. 1984! Mol. Cell. BioL. 4:399-406), and pAC380, described by Smith et al. (Smith, G. E., Summers, M. D. and Fraser, M. J. 1983 Mol Cell. Biol. 3:2156-2165). The gene coding for the novel protein toxin of the invention can be modified with BamHI linkers at appropriate regions both upstream and downstream from the coding region and inserted into the passenger site of one of the AcNPV vectors.
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|Mycogen Corporation
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|Mycogen Corporation
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
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|Oct 1, 2001
|Jul 1, 2003
|Monsanto Technology, Llc
|Method for reducing pest damage to corn by treating transgenic corn seeds with clothianidin pesticide
|Oct 1, 2001
|Jul 15, 2003
|Monsanto Technology Llc
|Method for reducing pest damage to corn by treating transgenic corn seeds with pesticide
|Nov 4, 1999
|Dec 27, 2005
|Colorado State University Research Foundation
|Method and device for attracting insects
|Oct 1, 2001
|Dec 20, 2011
|Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.
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|Aug 24, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Colorado State University Research Foundation
|Method and device for attracting insects
|U.S. Classification
|530/350, 530/825
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 3, 1998
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 13, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 28, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 25, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Observing Self (Routledge Revivals)
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BeschreibungFirst published in 1988, this title is a study of the essay as a literary genre, not just in terms of its general intellectual and literary history, but as an exploration of the creative possibilities of the form. The rise of the essay is discussed in relation to the rise of the novel and the emergence of empiricism in science, but the main focus of Graham Good's study is on the inner workings of the essay itself. Drawing on criticism by Adorno and Lukacs, Graham Good presents the genre as an expression of individualism, freed from tradition and authority, in which the self constructs itself and its object through independent observation. Through analysis of the work of such essayists as Montaigne, Bacon, Virginia Wolf, T. S. Eliot and George Orwell, the potential of the genre for independence and individualism is illustrated, and the essay is resituated as an intellectually challenging form of creative and critical writing.
Untertitel: Rediscovering the Essay. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Taylor and Francis
Erscheinungsdatum: August 2014
Seitenanzahl: 226 Seiten
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... We had a few days here before we would travel for our flight to Hong Kong and so we used our time here to plan for the last part of the journey. Visiting China is a bit annoying as you have to have all hotels and flights out sorted to get visas. Other stuff we did in the city included seeing am ancient Chinese temple and a haunted old Dutch ...
A port of intrigue and adventure
After the deluge of Jakarta we warily looked out today at the weather only to find ........ Brilliant, glorious, blazing sunshine whoop whoop. We hurriedly disembark to be met by some beautiful women in traditional costume, and inside the terminal building, Indonesia's country and western tribute band. What a welcome. Our plan for today is straightforward. We catch the shuttle bus, then pick up a cab. Don't you just love a plan ;) We get on the bus and almost ...
Crossing the Equator & Beattlemania
... forward one at a time and their crimes were put before the King. The accused were charged with such crimes as: waiter - giving the Captain some bad wine; - the hairdresser turned all the passengers hair grey: - each one had a crime fitting to their station. Charges were read out by Paul the Bailiff , a.k.a. the Cruise Director. After each presentation - "GUILTY" proclaimed the King and each prisoner underwent some severe torture --- egg treatment ...
A Visit to the Little Netherlands of Central Java
... be in. There were also numerous churches and the most notable one is the Blenduk Church. Blenduk Church is the oldest Christian Church in Central Java and was built by the Dutch in the year 1753. The denomination being Protestant, though there are many other Catholic Churches around the same vicinity built by the Dutch too.
This church is ...
Lawang Sewu....The Building With A Thousand Doors
... maintained till this day. Of course, during the night, no one would go near this building as there are so many stories about this building being haunted and the numerous sighting stories that have been passed on by word of mouth.
Well, with this iconic building visited, we move on to our next destination in Semarang.


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Several policies pertaining to the Westwood Public Library are highlighted below. If you have questions or concerns, please contact Tricia Perry, Library Director at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Library provides free access to the Internet from its public computers and on its wireless network. Internet resources are available on the Library's web site, on the Minuteman Library Network site, and by searching the web. In establishing access to electronic resources, the Board of Library Trustees is guided by the American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights and a supplemental document entitled Access to Electronic Information, Services, and Networks.
While much of the information on the Internet is valuable and enriching, there may be material that is controversial, offensive, erroneous, or illegal. The Westwood Public Library does not monitor, and has no control over information accessed through the Internet, and is not liable for its content, presentation, or use. The Library does not filter Internet access, but requires all users to observe acceptable use guidelines. People with concerns about Internet content should speak with the staff or Library Director.
A complete copy of the Internet Policy is available at either the Main or Branch Library.
- Please silence your cell phone while in the Library.
- Phone conversations should take place in the foyer or outside either library.
- Library staff may require that your phone conversations take place in these areas.
- Refusal to comply may result in your being asked to leave the Library.
The Main Library has space for art exhibits and to display public notices. The Branch Library has similar, but more limited space for exhibits and notices. Library exhibits and displays are, for the most part, assembled and maintained by the Library staff.
This policy (link here) and application is for artists wishing to exhibit their work.
The Library does not endorse either side of an issue and presents exhibits and displays so that patrons can form their own opinions.
Organizations are allowed to set up cultural and educational displays provided they meet criteria established by the Board of Trustees and depending on the space available.
No notice or similar item can be displayed without permission of the Library or Board of Trustees. Exhibits and displays shall be educational and/or cultural in nature. The Library Director shall determine a display's appropriateness under this policy.
Any exhibits or displays on political candidates or ballot questions shall be assembled by the Library staff.
No organization or individual is allowed to solicit cash donations in the Library, and notices, posters, or exhibits which advertise a commercial endeavor are not permitted. Fund raising projects carried out by the Friends of the Library are permitted with approval of the Board of Trustees.
Art exhibits or displays are subject to the limitations of space, facilities, and staff time. The Library staff will provide limited assistance with assembling exhibits by outside groups. Arrangements for assistance must be made in advance.
Reserve Museum Passes Online! You can now reserve your own museum pass online by selecting a specific museum or by selecting a specific date.
CLICK HERE to reserve your museum pass.
Please note: Passes do not provide discounts for museum store purchases or parking, nor do they cover any special exhibit fees.
- Museum passes are available for WESTWOOD RESIDENTS and town employees only; residents and employees must have a valid Minuteman Library Card in order to borrow passes.
- Passes may be reserved up to 30 days in advance in person or by phone 781-326-7562.
- Passes may be picked up at the Circulation Desk the day before use or anytime on the day of use. A Library Card in good standing must be presented.
- Passes are due back the same day they are used and must be returned only to the WESTWOOD PUBLIC LIBRARY. Passes may be returned at the Circulation Desk or in the book return when the Library is closed.
Overdue fine is $5.00 per day.
We Like:
Paperbacks in good condition (fiction or non-fiction)
Books published in last 5 years
Recent best sellers
Classic titles in excellent condition
We Don't Need (and can't sell at the Book Sale):
Books in poor condition: yellowed, broken bindings, musty smelling...
Reader's Digest condensed books
Dated information (old travel guides, etc)
Helpful Hints:
Call ahead (781-320-1045)
Limit your donation to 1 to 2 boxes at a time
Do not bring us books we must discard
Tax Receipt:
If you would like a receipt, count the items you are donating. We can give a signed, dated receipt for the number of items, but cannot assess the value.
Thank You:
Your useable gift allows the Library to add valuable items to the collection. The items we cannot use are sold at Friends of the Westwood Library book sales (proceeds benefit the Library).
The Westwood Public Library frequently takes photos of its public programs, activities, and their participants. Please be aware that these photos may be used in brochures, flyers, web pages, news releases, or other promotional materials. Those wishing not to be photographed or recorded should inform the photographer or library staff
Library Meeting Room Statement
Meeting rooms at the Westwood Public Library are intended to provide space for library activities and for use by local, non-profit groups and organizations sponsoring civic, cultural, and educational events. The meeting room space may not be reserved by an individual or for a private event. Library sponsored activities have priority in consideration of the rooms.
Meeting rooms are available to groups on an equitable basis. Granting permission to an organization to hold a meeting at the Library does not in any way constitute an endorsement by the Library of the content of the program of that meeting or of that organization's policies or beliefs.
Available Meeting Rooms
The following meeting rooms are available for public use:
Main Meeting room – capacity: 75
Conference room – capacity: 25
Children's Program room – capacity: 50
Please note that use of the Children's Program Room is strictly limited to organized Westwood youth programs such as the Early Childhood Council with appropriate adult supervision. Use for parties or play dates is not permitted. The room is available during normal library hours. Reservations for the Children's Program Room are available in the Children's Department.
The Library's two study rooms located on the second floor are not considered meeting rooms and the rules for their use are detailed in a separate section.
For Profit Groups
The following meeting rooms are available to for profit groups:
Main Meeting room – capacity: 75
Conference room – capacity: 25
For profit groups are subject to the policies and rules outlined in this document and in the request forms for the abovementioned rooms.
Reservation Policy
Requests to use the meeting rooms must be made in advance in writing by a Westwood resident using the Library's Meeting Room Request form available at the Adult Services Desk. Request forms must be submitted in person and approved by an Adult Services staff member before any reservations can be confirmed. Forms and a summary of the policy are available on the Library's web page (www.westwoodlibrary.org). The Library may require additional information before granting room requests.
Rooms are assigned in order of receipt of application. Priority is given to the Library and to Town officials; the Library reserves the right to transfer a group or organization to another area or cancel a reservation if necessary.
The request form must be signed by an adult (18 years or more) who, jointly and severally with his or her organization and its members, assumes full responsibility for the conduct of the events, its participants and compliance with this policy This responsibility extends to liability for damage to property or equipment of the Library and any third parties. It further extends to responsibility for any extra costs, including, but not limited to, custodial clean-up or repairs, police protection the Library deems necessary because of either anticipated or unanticipated problems related to the reservation. The Library Trustees and the Town are not responsible for any financial loss or injury to any person or organization arising out of a reservation or room use.
Requests for meeting rooms must be made at least ten (10) days in advance of the proposed meeting. Requests for monthly meeting space may be made up to four months in advance in any given period. Requests for weekly meeting space may be made up to two months in advance in any given period. In order to provide meeting room space in a fair and equitable manner, the Library reserves the right to limit the number of meetings requested by any group in any given period. Organizations are requested to notify the Library at least 24 hours in advance of a change in a previously scheduled meeting.
The Library is not responsible for the cancellation of approval for use of meeting rooms in case of emergency (i.e. storm, power failure), which results in the closing of the Library, and thus the meeting rooms.
General Information
Groups using the rooms may not charge a fee for attendance or offer items for sale. The sale of items is only permitted by the Friends of the Westwood Public Library, with the permission of the Board of Library Trustees.
Use of the rooms may include use of the facilities in the kitchen off the meeting room. Each group will be responsible for leaving rooms in a clean and orderly fashion.
The Main Meeting Room and the Conference Room have projection, sound and Internet capability. Use of equipment for a meeting must be indicated on the Meeting Room Request form. The Library staff will oversee equipment use, but are not required to troubleshoot problems with non-library equipment such as laptop computers.
The Library does not publicize non-Library sponsored events.
The Trustees will not assume responsibility for the loss or damage of property not belonging to the Westwood Public Library.
For non-profit groups and organizations, rooms are available free of charge during regular Library hours. The Main Meeting Room and the Conference Room are available for use after the Library is closed, Monday through Thursday. Organizations using the room after hours must pay a supervised closing fee. The closing fee is assessed on an hourly basis for each part of an hour after 9:00 pm. Checks must be made payable to The Town of Westwood. Failure to promptly pay the Town of Westwood for Meeting Room use will result in termination of Meeting Room privileges.
- Organizations shall follow the Rules of Conduct policy of the Westwood Public Library. Failure to adhere to this policy will be cause for either cancelation of future meetings or a request to suspend the meeting.
- Alcoholic beverages, smoking, lit candles, or other open flames are not permitted anywhere in the building including the meeting rooms.
- Refreshments may be served only inside the meeting rooms, not in adjacent areas. All meeting activities must be confined to the meeting room.
- The kitchen adjacent to the main Meeting Room is available for serving light refreshments. The user is responsible for leaving the kitchen clean or be subject to a cleaning fee.
- Organizations must provide their own supplies. The Library does not have space to store organization supplies.
- Decorations and/or displays must be limited to tables or easels. No materials are to be posted or attached to the walls. Materials on display in the meeting rooms are not to be moved, covered, or rearranged.
- Meetings where crafts, floral arrangements or other art is assembled are required to leave the room in an orderly manner.
- Solicitation of business or encouragement of library patrons to participate in the meeting room activity is not allowed. Meetings may not disturb library patrons, impede library staff or endanger the library building or collection.
- For security reasons all people must enter the Library by the front door. For after hours meetings all people must use the designated exit.
Responsibility for Damage and Free and Harmless Requirement
By signing the meeting room reservation form, the applicant, acting for the group or organization, accepts responsibility for any damage to Town Property. The applicant, acting for the group or organization, also agrees to keep the Town of Westwood, the Board of Trustees, the Library Director, their agents and employees forever free and harmless, and indemnified against costs or expense arising out of any accident or other occurrence causing injury to any persons or property as a result of the use of the above premises.
The Board of Library Trustees establishes policy concerning meeting rooms. Any decisions or interpretations of this policy will be made by the Library Director.


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Memphis Redbirds (4-3 this week, 27-24 overall)
The Redbirds finally strung together a winning week, winning four games to move three games ahead of Omaha and Iowa for the American Northern Division lead. With so many pitchers moving up to the majors, Memphis is starting an entirely new five-man rotation since the season opened; each of them did pretty well this week. The bullpen showed improvement, allowing only nine earned runs in 25 1/3 innings for a 3.20 ERA this week.
May 23 at Salt Lake City, Win 9-7
The last game of the Salt Lake City series was a win for the Redbirds. Three of Memphis' hitters smacked one out of the park (Kolten Wong, Adron Chambers and Rob Johnson), and everyone registered a hit in the high-scoring affair.
Wong struck his fourth home run of the year to right field to put Memphis ahead by one in the first. In the next frame, the Redbirds added three via Johnson's RBI single, Vance Albitz' sacrifice fly and Justin Christian scoring on a groundout. In the fifth, Chambers added two more with a two-run shot. The first pitch of the next inning pushed the lead to three at that point, and Christian's two-out triple in the ninth gave the Redbirds two more for nine runs on the day
. The Bees managed to score six runs on left-hander Nick Additon, who picked up the win despite his rough outing. In the third, a sacrifice fly scored one and with two outs, a two-run home run put the Bees in the game. Additon yielded another home run in the fourth frame to tie the game at four. Salt Lake scored three more, one in the sixth, seventh and ninth innings. The run in the ninth was on closer Victor Marte, who earned the save.
May 24 vs. Round Rock, Win 7-0
Maikel Cleto got the nod for Friday's game, and struggled to find the plate at the start. He opened with two straight walks, but to his credit, the Dominican Republic native pitched six shutout innings. Kevin Siegrist made his Triple-A debut and continued the scoreless pitching for two frames with two strikeouts. Fornataro closed the game out for the Redbirds' sixth shutout of the year and the first in May.
Memphis hitters gave Cleto a four-run cushion in the first, as six of the first seven reached base. Ryan Jackson's sacrifice fly scored Christian, and Curtis brought one home with a double that bounced off the bullpen gate in left-center field. A walk loaded the bases, with the third and fourth scoring on Johnson's single and Chambers' groundout.
Jamie Romak added one in the fourth on a sacrifice fly, then in the seventh, Johnson extended the lead to seven with a two-run home run. His second dinger in as many days was belted down the left field line and scored Romak.
May 25 vs. Round Rock, Win 4-0
Boone Whiting made his second start for the Redbirds, and got his second win. The California native had a hard time throwing strikes like Cleto, with just 48 in 87 pitches. Even with the control issues, he never allowed a Round Rock player past second base in his six innings of work.
Marc Rzepczynski replaced him and retired the side in the seventh, but had runners on second and third with one out in the eighth after a single and an uncommon Wong throwing error. Jorge Rondon relieved Scrabble and finished out the frame to continue the shutout effort.
Rondon pitched into the ninth, but allowed two straight singles, leaving with runners on second and third with no outs because of another Wong throwing error. Marte retired one, and then Chambers made a great sliding catch and doubled the runner up at second to end the game. With that save, Marte tied Brian Falkenborg's Redbird career save record at 44.
Aside from his shutout-saving double play, Chambers also helped the pitchers behind the plate. With one out in the second, he struck a deep fly ball off the bullpen fence over the center fielder's head to score two runs and push the lead to three with a triple. In the fifth, Brock Peterson singled to score Wong for his ninth RBI in seven games.
May 26 vs. Round Rock, Loss 3-4
After three games with only one run allowed by the Redbirds' bullpen, the relievers let Saturday's game slip away. The Express scored a run on Sam Freeman in the sixth and two tallies on Fornataro in the eighth.
Richard Castillo made his Triple-A debut as the starting pitcher, and only allowed one run on a wild throw in five frames. A constant theme this week was the high walk count for the starters. The 24-year-old Venezuelan walked four batters and threw 57 strikes in 89 pitches and left the game with the score tied at one.
Freeman took over in the sixth and allowed a runner to score from second on a two-out single. He pitched the seventh with no hits, and was relieved by Fornataro in the eighth with the score tied. After two straight singles and a sacrifice bunt, there were two runners in scoring position with one out for Round Rock. A fielder's choice threw out the runner at home, but a two-out double put the Express ahead by two.
Memphis managed to score in the eighth on a passed ball, but the eighth inning rally was halted by a double play and the Redbirds came up short.
May 27 vs. Round Rock, Loss 2-5
Four early runs were too much for the Redbirds to overcome, losing the second straight to split the Round Rock series at AutoZone Park. Scott McGregor started for the Redbirds, and yielded one run in the second on a RBI single, and followed with three tallies in the third. A sacrifice fly scored one, a double and a single added one apiece to put Round Rock ahead by four. McGregor was attributed with his first loss as a Redbird, and yielded seven hits with four earned runs in five frames.
In his Redbirds' debut, Ramon Delgado struck out two in two innings. Memphis hitters struggled with runners in scoring position, going 1-for-10, with the only run support on Romak's two-run blast in the fourth.
May 28 vs. Albuquerque, Loss 2-7
Recently-optioned Carlos Martinez made the start for Memphis on Tuesday, but didn't last very long. Stretching out from relief to starting again, the right-hander went three innings with only two hits and four strikeouts. His fastball made a couple of Isotopes look silly after setting it up with his excellent curveball.
Additon relieved Martinez in the fourth, and his off-speed pitches didn't fool the visitors, as he allowed four runs (two earned). In the fifth, a 1-1 delivery was gift-wrapped for Isotopes' right fielder Alex Castellanos and was belted over the Redbirds' bullpen. Later in the seventh with a runner on, Additon let another pitch go and it was struck hard enough to bounce off the bullpen fence. Chambers tried to make a heroic leaping catch running into the wall, but the ball bounced out of his glove, giving Rusty Ryal an RBI triple. The first baseman would score from third to give Albuquerque a two-run lead.
Rondon relieved Additon in the eighth and had two outs with a runner on first. A single scored that runner, and two walks loaded the bases. Another single scored two runners before Rondon got the final out in the frame. Memphis' only run production came from a two-out two-RBI single by Peterson in the fourth.
May 29 vs. Albuquerque, 5-1 Win
The Redbirds snapped their three-game losing streak with a five-run seventh inning. Maikel Cleto started for Memphis, and threw 102 pitches in his 6 1/3 frames, with seven strikeouts and five walks. He left the game with a runner on second with one out before being pulled for Siegrist. A bunt single with two outs scored the runner, which was charged to Cleto.
The Redbirds followed that score with five of their own in the bottom of the seventh. After Double-A call-up Chris Swauger singled, Romak drove him in with a two-run shot over the left field fence. Johnson walked and was brought home by Christian's home run to right field. Chambers followed that up with his own home run, the fourth time this season the Redbirds have smacked back-to-back jacks.
Siegrist and Rzepczynski finished the game, Siegrist struck out four in 1 2/3 frames, and Scrabble got three straight outs in the ninth.
Heating Up
The Deep Fly Ball – Eight home runs were struck this week by a squad without Taveras or Peterson contributing. Romak, Chambers and Johnson each hit two, with Wong and Christian both going yard once.
Bullpen - Despite struggling for the majority of this year, this week was a bright spot. Aside from Fornataro allowing two on Sunday and Rondon yielding three on Tuesday, the bullpen only allowed four runs in a week. With an entirely new starting rotation, the bullpen needs to continue to develop some solidarity.
Brock Peterson – The first baseman has regained some of his early season form, with ten RBIs in his last ten games, with a .308 (8-for-26) average this week. He is tied for the team lead in RBI with 29 (Romak and Curtis).
Outfielders at the plate (not named Tavaras) – Chambers, Romak and Christian have been hot this week. Overall, the three combined for a .250 average (18-or-72) with 14 runs scored, 16 RBI, two triples and five home runs. Christian is riding a ten-game hitting streak.
Getting Cold
Starting pitcher control – Losing the two best ERAs in the PCL (John Gast and Michael Wacha), there has to be an expected drop-off. In May, starters walked 57 batters as opposed to 35 in April. This week alone, the starters walked 17 batters in 37 2/3 frames.
Nick Additon – Has allowed at least two earned runs in his last six outings. This week specifically, the lefty yielded ten earned runs in 10 1/3 frames, with 18 hits and five home runs.
Eric Fornataro and Jorge Rondon - Three frames and two earned runs do not constitute struggling, but Fornataro's performance on Sunday gave away the game. Rondon yielded three runs on Tuesday night and killed a chance for a Redbirds' comeback win.
Roster Updates
This was a busy Memorial Day weekend for the Redbirds' roster. With Huffman and Taveras on the disabled list, Chris Swauger was called up from Springfield to fill-in the outfield. Several Memphis pitchers have also been moved, but they went to St. Louis instead of the disabled list.
Tyler Lyons, Marte, and Michael Wacha were all sent to St. Louis. Martinez was optioned to Memphis after making his major league debut this year. Delgado and Siegrist were brought up from Springfield to replace Barret Browning (released) and Marte in the bullpen. Castillo, Whiting, McGregor, Cleto and Martinez made starts for Memphis this week. With so many hot pitching prospects, 11 different pitchers have started for the Redbirds this year, whereas all of last year, 12 different pitchers started.
May 24 Pitcher Barret Browning was released
May 24 Catcher J.R. Towles was released
May 24 Pitcher Richard Castillo promoted from Springfield
May 24 Pitcher Kevin Siegrist promoted from Springfield
May 24 Shortstop Greg Garcia activated from disabled list
May 27 Outfielder Chad Huffman placed on seven-day disabled list
May 27 Pitcher Ramon Delgado promoted from Springfield
May 27 Pitcher Victor Marte promoted to St. Louis
May 27 Pitcher Carlos Martinez optioned to Memphis from St. Louis
May 28 Outfielder Oscar Taveras placed on seven-day disabled list (May 25)
May 29 Outfielder Chris Swauger promoted from Springfield
Outfielder Chad Huffman placed on disabled list May 27.
Outfielder Oscar Taveras hurt his ankle sliding into second on May 12, but wasn't on disabled list until May 28 (replaced by Swauger), and can return to action June 1st.
Looking Forward
The Redbirds will finish out the series with Albuquerque, then travel to Omaha to play five games (including a Sunday doubleheader to make up for May 4ths postponed game). After starting 2-4 against the Isotopes, the Redbirds can even the series by winning the next two games. Memphis has taken two of three against Omaha this year, and can improve their division lead with a solid road trip.
© 2013 The Cardinal Nation, thecardinalnation.com and stlcardinals.scout.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Bodu Bala Sena CEO, Dilantha Withanage accused that this was an attempt at Islamification of societies using petrodollars, revenue earned from exporting petroleum
The Bodu Bala Sena in a letter to Central Bank Governor, recently expressed their displeasure at CB's inaction on the introduction of religious based banking practices, Shariah-compliant financing to be more precise.
In the letter to the CB Governor, the Bodu Bala Sena (BBS) revealed that it has received a number of complaints from bankers and citizens on CB's failure to act on the introduction of the said religious based banking practices, on grounds it may create 'social division in the country'. Moreover the BBS believes that this goes against equal rights ensured in the constitution.
The issue arose due to certain private banks opting for Shariah Banking options to attract customers that require Shariah-compliant financial products. Shariah-compliant finance systems prohibit interest, known as riba, or usury in Islamic terms. The Shariah Banking system is structured around a strict code of ethics, based on the Quran, and claims to forbid exploitative practices.
However, at a recently held press conference, Bodu Bala Sena CEO, Dilantha Withanage said, "Central Bank and many private banks have made attempts to introduce religious banking to Sri Lanka. But the Muslim community in Sri Lanka has engaged with the banking industry for decades without religious-specific banking practices. Why introduce one now?"
Moreover, Withanage accused that this was an attempt at Islamification of societies using petrodollars, revenue earned from exporting petroleum. Withanage rebuked authorities for not seeking public opinion prior to introducing such a system.
Shariahhfinancewatch.org, a US based blog, identifying itself as 'a service of the Center for Security Policy' pinpoints a number of threats associated with Shariah-compliant financing. According to the site, it is mandatory for Shariah-compliant US banks to 'purify' certain returns on investment dollars that do not meet Shariahh law standards by 'donating to Islamic charities, including some that promote Jihad and support suicide bombing.' Moreover the site states that based on investment disclosures these profits can be as high as six percent of profits of investments. "With $800 billion already in SCF assets, the potential for billions of dollars to be siphoned off for terrorism is real," says the site.
Shariahh Finance Watch also implicates Shariahh-compliant financial institutions of using charities to fund terrorist groups.
When contacted BBS CEO, Dilantha Withanage said, "This begs the question, should the banking sector be expected to entertain different banking systems for each and every religion?"
Withanage reiterated that such an introduction; in a country where 90 percent of the population is none Islamic, will only lead to socio-ethnic divisions. "After all Shariah-compliant is essentially Islamic," said Withanage, implicating that it would invariable create a division by being identified as exclusively Islamic.
Amana Takaful Executive Director, Ehsan Zaheed said that this is not necessarily true. "Shariah-compliant is not exclusively for Muslims. In fact the majority of Amana customers are non Muslims."
Zaheed explained that 'Shariah-compliant financing' is met with such hostility because of the stigma attached to the term 'Shariah'. "We must learn to go beyond the label," said Zaheed. "In fact the underlying principles are found in other religions such as Buddhism and Christianity too."
Zaheed pointed out that Shariah-compliant financing is socially beneficial, in that it forbids funding of activities such as casinos and breweries. "It's not for the rich to get richer, instead it incorporates the underprivileged into the system. If the system is properly put into practice it will be for the benefit of the public, because the underlying principles of Shariah-compliant financing encourage profit sharing."
If it is a question of the label 'Shariah-compliant', will a simple label change resolve the issue? According to Zaheed, other developed countries are already practicing similar financial principles under 'Alternative Finance'. "Non majority Muslim countries such as Japan and South Korea have adopted the Shariah-compliant model as 'Alternative Finace'," said Zaheed. Reiterating the necessity for looking beyond the label.
In reply to the letter sent by the BBS, the CB Governor has recommended a meeting with Policy Planning and Economic Affairs Deputy Minister, Dr. Harsha de Silva. He was not available for comment.