text:
|Price incl. VAT
|Price excl. VAT
Looking into your kitchen an extremely practical baking form with a lid that would help facilitate the preparation and storing food? Choose a model from a leading manufacturer of kitchen equipment Bergner. It has a classic rectangular shape and a practical special cover of transparent plastic. Thanks to the raised edges can easily and comfortably prepare all kinds of dishes, from main courses via attachments to desserts.
Unique baking sheet is made of high quality stainless steel material and has a nonstick interior. Thanks to all prepared without undesirable charring and minimal amount of fat. Strong and durable material ensure that the form still looks like new and retain the same shape even with frequent use. There is also a very easy cleaning and maintenance.
Additional features:
Package contains:
Baking form of size - 36 × 24 × 5.5 cm
Special plastic lid
Specifications can be changed without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Retail Price (MSRP) means the manufacturer's/supplier's suggested retail price.
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review


text:
Joseph M. Still Burn Center at Doctors Hospital of Augusta, Augusta, GA
PURPOSE: Our experience indicates that a proactive bowel management with aid of the Zassi/Hollister Bowel Management System (BMS) represents an economical and clinically advantageous practice for the fecal management of burn patients unable to defecate independently. A question that has been queried often is whether or not patients with bleeding complications could have bleeding diathesis potentially associated with a proactive BMS on insertion and while it remains in place? Based on anecdotal evidence from our larger study population and ongoing data bases, we believed that the incidence would be predictably low (Null Hypothesis).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of our previous population of patients evaluated with a proactive BMS, all with complicated burns/wounds, were included. Total n=69. Patient records were queried for coagulation and thrombocytopenia abnormalities at BMS insertion and all subsequent events while the apparatus was in place, until removal. If gastrointestinal (GI) complications were documented, they were reviewed extensively for association with the proactive BMS.
RESULTS: 69 patients, 48 males, 21 females, mean age 50.8 years (range 19–87), mean TBSA of 30.5% (range 0–80) and mean length of stay of 47.5 days (7–208) were evaluated. Thrombocytopenia was documented at insertion or while the BMS was in place a mean of 10.7d (range 0–46d). Prothrombin (PT), Partial Thromboplastin (PTT) and/or Fibrinogen was abnormal during insertion or while the BMS was dwelling for a mean of 13.7d (range 0–113). 63 patients (92.7%) at high risk for bleeding problems did not experience any bleeding or GI complications. Five patients (7.3%) had documented GI abnormalities; however, only one (1.4%) could be directly related to the BMS but had rapid resolution.
CONCLUSION: The current findings reveal that placement of this proactive BMS in complicated ICU patients is safe, even in the setting of continued risks of bleeding due to coagulation and/or thrombocytopenia abnormalities.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Future research should include these and other groups of patients in multicenter evaluations, to hopefully improve the already monumental task of nursing care for burns and other critically ill patients.
DISCLOSURE: Bruce Friedman, Consultant fee, speaker bureau, advisory committee, etc. The presenting author is an active member of the speakers' bureau for Hollister.; No Product/Research Disclosure Information
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The 76th Hunger Games: The Story of Megan Kryshon Part 1
Hi everyone, this is my first fanfic so I'm still working on it...
The door to my bedroom opens as my mother enters with a familiar-looking woman. I know who she is. Katniss Everdeen, one of the District 12 victors of the 74th victors.


text:
A family home: convenient, comfy, and designed for the whole family
In the heart of Aix-les-Bains. In a shopping street opposite a beautiful green park and outdoor amphitheater. Close to the largest natural lake in France. The city center is also a place full of history. This area is the city and nature balance
To organize a home exchange, you need to be a member


text:
Set your DVR's to record on Wednesday, July 3rd, 2013. 8:00PM ET | 5:00PM PT NYC Hot Sauce Expo Featured On The Cooking Network Season Premiere Food Network Star Kelsey Nixon and host of Kelsey's Essentials asked High River Sauces owner Steve Seabury to take her on a spicy adventure at the first … [Read more...]
NYC Hot Sauce Expo featured on Cooking Network Premiere
by 06/26/2013:
Johnny McLaughlin Chef / Owner of Heartbreaking Dawns to Appear on Chopped on Food Network
by 12/28/2011:
One of the most creative individuals in the hot sauce business today is Johnny McLaughlin of Heartbreaking Dawns Artisan Foods. This is a reminder that Johnny will be appearing on Food Network's Chopped this Tuesday, January 3rd, at 10PM Eastern / 9PM Central time. Set your DVR's and Tivos now … [Read more...]


text:
Location: Wheat Genetics, Quality Physiology and Disease Research2011 Annual Report
1a. Objectives (from AD-416)
Determine the extent of variation in genetic control of freezing tolerance in wheat with the purpose of identifying wheat lines with different and new combinations of genes that confer freezing tolerance. Define the role of phospholipid-related genes in cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.
1b. Approach (from AD-416)
The overall approach is to use artificial freezing of cold-acclimated winter wheat plants, with temperature measurements taken every two minutes in the crown zone of the plants, to precisely describe the components of the freezing process that are injurious to the plants. Pharmacological agents that enhance or inhibit phospholipase enzyme activity will be used in whole-plant assays to assess their impact on cold acclimation and freezing tolerance; concomitant microarray analysis will be used to define the genes involved.
3. Progress Report
Winter wheat is exposed to a variety of freezing conditions as the seasons progress from fall to winter, but very little is known of the impact of this variation on the ability of the plants to survive into the next growing season. Twenty-five populations (5 parents and all possible progeny) were tested under rapid and gradual freezing conditions and the impact of these conditions on survival was evaluated. All populations survived to lower temperatures when frozen with gradual cooling, but by isolating the effect of temperature from the effect of chilling rate, we discovered that some populations tolerate rapid chilling better than others. This result suggested there are separate mechanisms in wheat controlling low-temperature tolerance and tolerance of rapid cooling. By genetically combining these two mechanisms, it may be possible to develop wheat lines with improved ability to survive the variable freezing conditions experienced in the field. We previously discovered that winter wheat plants dramatically increase winter hardiness if exposed to mild freeze-thaw cycles prior to exposure to potentially damaging temperatures. Nothing is known of the genetic control of this phenomenon. We examine gene expression changes in wheat plant crown tissue in the freeze, and in the thaw, portions of freeze- thaw cycles. Over 1200 genes significantly increased expression during the freeze; nearly 100 of these were genes involved in regulation of expression of other genes. Only about 200 genes increased expression during the thaw, and very few of these were regulatory genes. These results suggested that the increased freezing tolerance brought about by exposure to mild freeze-thaw cycles largely was initiated during the freeze portion of the cycle. By identifying key genes involved in this response, and by identifying wheat lines that efficiently express these genes it should be possible to develop wheat varieties that more efficiently respond to freeze-thaw cycles and express greater winter hardiness.
4. Accomplishments
1. Improved winter hardiness of wheat. Winter wheat is planted in the fall and must survive the winter in order to produce a crop the following summer. As autumn transitions to winter, the wheat plants are exposed to a variable range of cooling rates, warming rates, and freeze-thaw cycles. ARS scientists at Pullman, WA examined the response of wheat lines to a range of freezing and thawing conditions. Significant differences in abilities to tolerate various kinds of freezing stress were found; genetic studies indicated these differences were highly heritable. These differences can now be genetically combined and thereby improve the ability of wheat plants to survive the winter.
Review Publications
Skinner, D.Z., Bellinger, B.S. 2010. Differential response of wheat cultivars to components of the freezing process in saturated soil. Plant and Soil. 51(1):69-74.


text:
Editors' Note: The Download Now link takes you to the product page where you may follow the instructions to install the add-on.
Facebook PurityFree
Quick Specs
Total Downloads:47,149
Date Added:Jun. 30, 2010
File Size:Not available
Downloads Last Week:58
Product ranking:
Current Version4.9
out of 16 votes
All Versions4.9
out of 16 votes
My ratingWrite review
"Removes clutter from Facebook"
August 11, 2016 | By Bill_Levinson
2016-08-11 11:41:09 | By Bill_Levinson
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
The new release (August 9 or 10 2016) removes clutter from Facebook. Well worth the recommended donation ($4.99 per https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/fb-purity-cleans-up-facebook/?src=search).
None that I can identify.
November 03, 2015
2015-11-03 18:56:45
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
this addon allows you to TAKE bak YOUR page mad get rid of the ads the suggested whatnots and the YOU must like this cos on your freinds did RUBISH take back your facebook
er there isnt anything to put here
essential and perfectly adaptable and FREE THANKYOU to the creator
"An excellent add-on"
July 03, 2015 | By johnbok
2015-07-03 22:25:30 | By johnbok
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
Removes all the garbage from Facebook and makes the application usable.
None really, you do have to take a little time and trial and error perhaps to remove every FB category that annoys you. You get used to it though.
One of the best add-ons you can get. I could not use FB without it.
"Okay, but fails at doing the primary thing I want it to"
May 28, 2015
2015-05-28 16:50:31
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
Lots of customization options
Even after setting and re-setting it to sort my newsfeed by most recent, my newsfeed continually magically resets to sorting by top stories.
It does lots of stuff, just not the primary thing I installed it for.
"This makes using Facebook bearable again!"
May 21, 2015
2015-05-21 09:15:50
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
+ Can arrange posts by time, not "top stories", which is one of the more recent annoyances.
+ Kills ads and allows me to close other features, prevent movie auto-play, etc.
+ Lots of customizability
- (Space reserved for issues, of which I've found none. Literally, all positive!)
The quality of life improvement of using this Facebook add-on is so tremendous I can't imagine going back to life before it. It really is that good. I hate ads and I hate half the changes Facebook makes to their interface without rhyme or reason, and this nips it in the bud.
"Great product that makes using Facebook bearable"
March 18, 2015 | By usmaak
2015-03-18 05:57:42 | By usmaak
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
Blocks almost every single Facebook annoyance that is out there.
Developer is very responsive and is very active in developing/maintaining the product. Updates come out frequently.
A lot of other stuff can be done with it besides just blocking annoyances.
Works across multiple browsers. Other than IE, I think that just about every browser is supported. I use it in Chrome and Safari.
It is easy to save block lists and move them between machines. Once you get a good blacklist going, it is easier to maintain if you don't have to type it out between different browsers or machines.
None. This is a great thing.
FB Purity is the only reason why I continue to use Facebook. It has come so far from what it once was, and FB Purity combats that. Facebook has blocked the FB Purity several times because it is very effective at turning off the garbage that they keep introducing.
The only thing that it doesn't do that I wish it would is blocking hashtags. Hashtags on Facebook are dumb, and it would be nice not to have to look at them.
"EASILY customize what you see on your facebook newsfeed"
March 13, 2014 | By SherriMiguel
2014-03-13 22:01:08 | By SherriMiguel
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
It's very easy to use. Gives you the ability to customize what you see on your facebook newsfeed. Without having to delete or unsubscribe to a facebook friend or group, you can hide game requests, game stats, political rants, sports rants, animal rescue rants, or anything else you get tired of seeing by just checking a box or using a keyword for a particular user or all users in general. Don't worry, the person whose info you're hiding, won't even know you're hiding it on your newsfeed. You can also see how many things FB Purity is hiding....curious what it's hiding? Just click "show" at the top of your screen and you can toggle them off and on hidden/showing. You can also turn FB Purity on or off with a quick click at the top of the screen. The developer constantly updates and fine-tunes the app whenever facebook makes changes, which is often. He also listens to what users want and continuously adds new features that users request...he does it all for FREE, but does accept donations!
None! It's amazing! Try it and you will definitely not be sorry. You will wonder how you survived without it for so long.
I've used this program for years! I honestly do not think I would continue to use facebook if it weren't for FB Purity aka Fluff Busting Purity. I get tired of the constant changes and advertisements, suggested sites, trending topics, etc that facebook litters my newsfeed with. Thankfully, I can make it all disappear as I see fit, thanks to this completely FREE program. The developer spends a lot of time keeping this application working and fighting facebook for the right to make and distribute this program. Facebook seems to dislike this program and threaten and harass the developer, likely because they don't want us to have such control over our own account and what we see. I also appreciate the fact the developer really listens to his users and what else they want out of this program. He keeps adding new features that gives us even more control over our facebook account. Just when I thought it couldn't get any better, it does! I cannot imagine how many countless hours he must spend on this program, and he doesn't ask for money...he does sometimes mention he does accept donations, which he really deserves if you're a user who loves, appreciates it, and can afford to send him a buck or two or more. This program is honestly so good I cannot believe it's free. You have to give it a try if you're a facebook user...it is truly an extraordinary browser add-on app for facebook users!
"Love it been using now for a couple years"
March 13, 2014 | By W.K.TEDDYBEAR
2014-03-13 20:46:22 | By W.K.TEDDYBEAR
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
hide game stories, stop auto play videos, single column timeline.
none I can find
"Truly grateful for this!"
March 02, 2014 | By kkvh7823
2014-03-02 15:25:25 | By kkvh7823
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
Fantastic - removed all the sexually provoking ads and all others which distracted me immensely.
None - would support this developer for his kind work to society.
"Makes Facebook usable"
December 28, 2013 | By bw49
2013-12-28 05:58:39 | By bw49
| Version: Facebook Purity 3.1
F.B.Purity is an excellent piece of work, removing almost all of the rubble and noise from Facebook.
(I'm now using version 9.3.2)
None. F.B.Purity works!
Add Your Review
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Full Specifications+
|Excellatronic Communications
|Publisher web site
|Release Date
|June 30, 2010
|Date Added
|June 30, 2010
|Other Browser Add-ons & Plugins
|Operating Systems
|Operating Systems
|Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7
|Additional Requirements
|Greasemonkey installed on Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, or Opera.
|Download Information
|File Size
|Not Available
|File Name
|External File
|Total Downloads
|Downloads Last Week
|License Model
|Not available


text:
carbon rear hugger mat for KTM 1290 Super Duke R
- Description
Mizu Pro Race Carbon back wheel cover matt
Splash protection and styling in one
- Great look
- Enormous weight savings
- Replaces the original 1:1
- In stable lightweight construction
- Stylish matte finish
- Completely ready for installation with all parts
- made in Germany
Wheel covers need no certification and, therefore, no mark of conformity, certificate or type approval.
Price each
- Shipping & delivery
We always give our best to handle your order as fast as possible. Orders which are placed before 2 pm on a work day are usually handed over to our logistics partner (DHL) on the same day if in stock.
Shipping cost
4.95 Euro within Germany, Poland
5.95 Euro in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands
9.95 Euro Spain, Finland, United Kingdom, Italy, Sweden
14.95 Euro Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Portugal
19.95 Euro Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria
All delivery costs are charged per order.
In our online shop, you can choose from various payment options. You can pay by invoice, direct debit, cash on delivery, credit card or finance.
- Reviews
- Product Questions (0)
Here you can ask public questions which can be answered not only by us, but also by other customers. If you have a private question, please use our contact form.
Fragen zum Produkt


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
CarX Muffler And Brake#13505601 S. Lagrange Courtryside, Illinois U.S.A.
Does your business have a bad reputation?
Fix it the right way.
Corporate Advocacy Program™
This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 04/02/2007 02:37 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/carx-muffler-and-brake1350/courtryside-illinois-60525/carx-muffler-and-brake-1350-overcharge-left-air-cleaner-off-to-have-check-engine-light-go-241988. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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text:
Fantasy High: Part Twenty Three
Chapter 20- Searching
Atlantis paced around the room. "We've got to search every inch of this castle until we find her!"
Nix looked up from the book she was flipping through. "I know we do, Atlantis, but we can't help Azkedelia until we know more."
Merlin was sitting on the bed, silently watching the two sisters.
"Nix, by the time we know enough, Az could be dead! And no matter how much we know, it won't be enough to bring her back from the dead! We need to be out looking for her!"
Nix slammed the book shut. "And you think I wouldn't rather be doing that? My baby sister is out there somewhere with a power-hungry murderer who's going to stop at nothing till she's dead and he has her powers, and you don't think I'd rather be out there looking for her?"
Atlantis turned and faced her sister, her voice slowly morphing into a wulfen growl. "Then let's go look for her! With you sitting here reading, she'll he dead by the time we find her."
Nix stood up, her voice shaking with anger. "For your information, Atlantis, I'm actually trying to find any mention of the only thing that can stop Cambio, but if you'd rather rush off and go, then go! I'm not stopping you, just trying to save two sisters!"
Atlantis took a threatening step closer. "Nix, I don't need your protection. I can take care of myself!"
Merlin looked up. "Both of you, calm down and shut up! Fighting isn't going to help Az. Working together will."
Atlantis gave Merlin an icy golden glare. "Then what do you suggest?" she hissed between clenched teeth.
Merlin stood up and walked towards them. "I suggest that Nix and I stay here and try to find anything about the flaming moon under the waves. And since you're so eager to go, then you go look for Az. But if you find where Cambio is keeping her, then don't let yourself be seen, just come back here and tell us where she is. We'll be better prepared to rescue her if we know the layout of where he's keeping her."
Atlantis flicked her wrist and the French doors flew open. She turned and ran out the door and vaulted off the balcony. Merlin ran to the edge and looked over. Atlantis morphed into a copper-gold wulfen and sprinted towards the back of the school. Merlin walked back into the room and shut the ornately doors.
"She blames herself," Nix said as she turned a page.
"Blames herself for what?" Merlin asked as he took off the flame pin and looked at it.
"For Az disappearing. She thinks if she had gotten here faster, then she could've saved her."
Merlin shook his head. "It wouldn't have made a difference."
Nix sighed and looked up. "I know that, but Atlantis still blames herself."
Merlin continued staring at the flame pin.
"We'll get her back, Merlin," Nix said gently
He looked up from the pin. "But what if we don't? What if we don't find her in time and Cambio kills her?"
Nix stood up and put her hand on Merlin's shoulder. "Atlantis is a good tracker, she'll find out where Cambio's keeping her. The only thing we can do to help Az is trying to find out what the flaming moon beneath the waves is."
Merlin sighed and closed his hand over the pin. "You're right," he said as he sat down and grabbed a book.


text:
David CiveraView in iTunes
To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music.
Singer David Civera has become one of the big celebrities in the Spanish mainstream pop panorama with his fresh and direct songs and timely summer hits. Born in Teruel in 1979, Civera took his first steps in music, studying guitar and piano since his early childhood. He was nine years old when he first went on-stage. At age 17, after a brief stint as a computing undergraduate, he participated in the TV contest Lluvia de Estrellas, performing Enrique Iglesias' "Es una Experiencia Religiosa." Despite not winning, the contest opened the door for a television career, and Civera participated in music-related programs like Canciones de Nuestra Vida and Un Siglo de Canciones. At that time, Civera released his self-produced debut, Hoy Como Ayer, an album of romantic ballads that went largerly unnoticed. It was then that producer Alejandro Abad discovered the still-amateur singer and embarked him on the recording of a demo entitled "Dile Que la Quiero," which represented Spain in the Eurovision festival in Copenhaguen, reaching the sixth position. The European contest was a turning point in Civera's career, and he recorded a full-length album also titled Dile Que la Quiero, which became a huge success on the charts. In 2002, the singer released En Cuerpo y Alma, a collection of upbeat, carefree tunes, including the hit "Que la Detengan," which contributed to the album becoming a platinum record. A year later, La Chiqui Big Band was recorded between Barcelona and Milan. It featured the successful first single "Bye Bye," and "Rosa y Espinas," Civera's collaboration with David Bisbal. For Perdóname (2005), the singer drifted away from teenager-oriented formulas toward a more mature style, and packaged a set of tunes highly influenced by Argentine tango, filtered through his commercial pop sensibility. 2006 saw the release of Civera's fifth album, Ni el Primero, Ni el Último, combining his trademark mid-tempos, emotional ballads, and some novelties like the pseudo-ranchera "El Orgullo y la Visa," inspired by the singer's visit to Mexico. Parallel to his formal recording career, Civera participated in the soundtrack for El Libro de la Selva 2 with the song "Quiero Ser Como Tú," and continued to appear regularly in several TV shows and series. In 2007, Civera put out "No Bastará," an album drawing from Italian pop and leaning more toward an acoustic and intimist sound. ~ Efrén del Valle Peñamil
Top Albums
Top Songs
Top Music Videos
January 8, 1979 in Teruel, Spain
Years Active:


text:
As the Senate attempts to ramrod Obamacare up the nether regions of Americans, Bill Kristol brings to light a good point.
"There are lots of embarrassing little things to mock in the Senate bill (e.g., the special provision for Nebraska), and lots of bad provisions to attack (the tax hikes and federal funding for abortion, to mention two). But Republicans shouldn't lose sight of a core point, embodied in this passage from page 19 of the CBO letter:
"Based on the extrapolation described above, CBO expects that Medicare spending under the legislation would increase at an average annual rate of roughly 6 percent during the next two decades--well below the roughly 8 percent annual growth rate of the past two decades (excluding the effect of establishing the Medicare prescription drug benefit)
Adjusting for inflation, Medicare spending per beneficiary under the legislation would increase at an average annual rate of less than 2 percent during the next two decades--about half of the roughly 4 percent annual growth rate of the past two decades. It is unclear whether such a reduction in the growth rate could be achieved, and if so, whether it would be accomplished through greater efficiencies in the delivery of health care or would reduce access to care or diminish the quality of care."
Here are the key ten words: "reduce access to care or diminish the quality of care." CBO is explaining that the legislation's claim to fiscal responsibility requires cutting in half the rate of growth of per capita Medicare spending.
And, according to CBO, absent magical greater efficiencies in the delivery of health care, accomplishing those fiscal goals might well require reducing access to health care and/or diminishing the quality of health care. So less access and lower quality is a very real possible consequence of this legislation. This is a point critics of the bill cannot allow to be lost in all the hubbub."
So what do you know, there WILL be prices to pay by our seniors in this bill. I thank Bill for bringing this up.
As you know I'm headquartered in South Florida and it's easy to get this information spread around to the local senior communities.
Additionally it appears that Ben Nelson might have painted himself into a corner for his 30 pieces of silver to betray America's unborn. Local talk radio in Omaha is hammering him already over the decision. (See Michelle Malkin on other rebellions taking place in Neb.)
But his betrayal will do nothing but open up even more doors to abortion through this legislation, not stop them.


text:
MU Speaker Spotlight: Aaron Draplin of Draplin Design
Meet Aaron Draplin. Aaron proudly runs Draplin Design, a design outfit located in Portland specializing in print, identity, and illustration-related projects, and is the co-founder of Field Notes. His client list is beyond impressive, ranging from huge brands like Nike, Ford Motor Company, and Target, to bands (Dinosaur Jr., Old 97s), and even the Obama Administration.
Heads up, register now to get the Advanced rate for Marketing United and save $100 on tickets. Prices go up April 5th!
Aaron has been on a speaking tour of the design community for the past six years, is releasing a book in May 2016, was recently a guest on Marc Maron's WTF podcast, and even got a write-up in the New York Times Style section. It goes without saying: Aaron's a busy guy (he doesn't sleep...he waits). So, we're very excited we could steal him away for his talk at Marketing United.
There's a reason he's so in demand. Aaron's personality is as big as his beard, and his often irreverent blend of really smart content and hilarious anecdotes always make an impact. Plus, he's a genuinely nice guy who's fun to be around. So if you've never seen him speak, it's time to make it happen.
And to sweeten the deal even more, Aaron will be handing out his new Marketing United Field Notes notebooks to all attendees! We're not saying you have to take notes at Marketing United, but if you do, Field Notes take the best notes.
Learn more about Aaron here, and be sure to check out the full agenda. See you at Marketing United!
Ready to see Aaron and the other speakers in action (and save some cash)?
Marketing United tickets are available for a limited time at a special Advanced Rate that gets you $100 off the full price. Register now before prices go up!


text:
Call 0333 200 2024 lines open Mon to Fri - 9am to 6pm
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Be the first to review this product
Availability: In stock
The Elstead Lighting Warwick Graphite Black 2 Light Wall Light is another stunning piece from the brand's extensive collection, and features a range with a medieval style that is heavy and hand crafted, designed to replicate the old wrought iron fittings of bygone days and looks ecstatic with its graphite black finish. The characteristics of this fixture would create a relaxed feel in any traditional space. Elstead Lighting are a popular brand worldwide with interior designers and homeowners alike, thanks to the incredibly well-crafted and beautiful designs that are part of their wide range of designer lighting, and it comes as no surprise that the Elstead Lighting Warwick Graphite Black 2 Light Wall Light is a favourite from the range.
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Elstead Lighting Warwick Graphite Black 5 Light Chandelier
Model Number:
Elstead Lighting Warwick Graphite Black 6 Light Chandelier
View the whole Elstead Lighting range.
For more information please call us on 0333 200 2024. Lines are open from Monday to Friday - 9am to 6pm. Alternatively please email us at email@example.com.


text:
In X-15, the exciting story of the X-15 - the iconic rocket plane of the Cold War space race - is recounted by John Anderson, curator of aerodynamics at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. This experimental space plane was on the cutting edge of hypersonic aerodynamics, and its winged reentry from space foreshadowed the development of the Space Shuttle decades later. Launched from the wing of a modified B-52 bomber - again foretelling a concept that would be used decades later, in this case by Space Ship One and Space Ship Two - the ship rocketed higher and faster than any manned aircraft of the time. Designed to approach seven times the speed of sound, it was the first hypersonic aircraft ever created and was engineered to function both in the Earth's atmosphere and at the edge of space. Illustrated with period NASA and USAF photographs, as well as exclusive Smithsonian photography of the first of three X-15s built, X-15 captures the risks and dangers of the X-15 program as Anderson follows the test pilots (including Neil Armstrong) who pushed the very limits of their piloting skills to master groundbreaking experimental technology. Even with the fatal crash of the third X-15, the overall success of the program helped pave the way for NASA to continue to the Moon - and this is the definitive, expertly curated, and beautifully illustrated account of its development.
"This book offers a very thorough history of the X-15 program...a concise, yet detailed, introduction to the X-15. As rocket-powered aircraft take to the skies again this year above the Mojave Desert, this book reminds us of another era of such vehicles?"and, perhaps, what might have been." - TheSpaceReview.com
"Authors John Anderson and Richard Passman's X-15: The World's Fastest Rocket Plane and the Pilots Who Ushered in the Space Age lays out the case for why the X-15 was and continues to be such an important aircraft. This book makes the reader want to visit the National Air and Space Museum and view the X-15 up-close in a whole new light, in which its aerospace accomplishments rank alongside other distinguished aircraft on display at the museum." - DefenseMediaNetwork.com
"The authors have crafted an excellent introductory story for this aircraft. This book is a good read and I can highly recommend it to anyone who wants to start to learn about this most remarkable airplane." - International Plastic Modelers Society


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Hawkeye is a two-channel GSM telemetry recorder and a joint venture between Hydro-Logic and IETG of Leeds. Hydro-Logic provide the key electronic and firmware technology basing it on our successful Hawk range of outstations. It was the first fully integrated measurement and telemetry system specifically designed to monitor the performance of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO). All electronics ...
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Wednesday, July 31, 2013Wisconsin
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I drove down from Oconto to meet up with some friends to do some caching in the area today...Zoesbrother is having a field day finding most of the caches...it appears that I don't have the "technique"...but tftc
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Abbaye des Vaux de Cernay Hotel
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... lady delivers it to each apartment door. This morning, I got mail! It was from the bank saying that my card was there and I could pick it up and it gave me my pin number. I hope I can remember this one because in Nancy, I used my card once and never remembered the number. I also never remembered my phone number either. Either way, I'm just excited that I got mail today and that I know it will get to me! WAHOOO!
After two weeks of dealing ...
Trying Hard to Be Cool in Paris
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I should have learned this lesson years ago, when I was in Paris with my father. My dad made a reservation for us at a ...
Day 3: Paris
... was a fantastic street market just up The road in Bastille, so much fresh food, meat, cheeses, pastas and unfortunately smelly seafood, but I wish there was something like that at home. A packed lunch saved us some cash as we ate our baguette on the banks of the Seine amid the runners. Going for a random wonder we discovered the Hotel de Vile in all its gothic magnificence, and Kass discovered more shopping, in ...
Around in Paris
... is a brand new concert hall, the Philharmonie de Paris, where we have tickets for a performance next week. Our good friends treated us to a magnificent dinner of gigot d'agneau. (The butcher had not only removed the hip bone with surgical precision, he had sutured the incision closed for the most artistic presentation!) The accompanying Pauillac and Chateauneuf-du-Pape wines were ...
French people must have very strong jaws...
... 35 minutes of waiting in line, I was underneath the pyramid and inside one of the places that has been on my bucket list for as long as I can remember! Walking through this place was like walking through time. Paintings, sculptures, jewelry, tablets, sarcophagi, armour, figurines....it was indescribable. I saw works by Monet and Degas, I saw the Mona Lisa, the Venus de Milo, and THE Code of Hammurabi. I saw hundreds of sculptures so masterfully carved they looked like they ...


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Clarksburg City Council appointed a new member Thursday evening.
Bob Caplan will fill the vacancy reacted by the resignation of Jim Hunt.
Caplan said he's been involved with the city of Clarksburg for 40 years. He also said the city is moving forward in a good direction, and he plans to be part of it.
"[I'm] extremely excited. I'm glad the council thought of me in a positive direction. I really think I'll do a lot for the City of Clarksburg and its something that I really think I will do very well," Caplan said.
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The Bachchans stand up against nasty remarks over Aishwarya Rai's weight gain
A few days back, Amitabh Bachchan wrote in his blog how he is amazed by the worldwide interest in celebrity lifestyle. He also wrote, "If you are celebrity, this is the cross you shall perforce have to carry with a smile. Do no wrong and you shall be safe, but be prepared for the worst even when a small wrong has been done." It's evident that the Big B is very upset with the public obsession over his daughter-in-law's weight gain programme.
On the other hand, Aishwarya's loving hubby Abhishek too is pretty hurt with such public remarks. In the past, every time, the new mommy Ash made a public apprearance, media had pounced on her for her ever-increasing size. Aishwarya's weight gain almost became a national issue in India, until the day when the lady surprised the world with her stunning appearance at the Cannes Film Festival. Ash just looked fab and much leaner at the Red Carpet. It was a slap on the faces of all her detractors, who had left no stone unturned to humiliate her with hurting remarks.
Whatever the issue might be, Aishwarya is no less than a Goddess in our country. Even after gaining oodles of weight after her baby delivery, Mrs Junior Bachchan still remains a diva. No matter what, Ash is a true legend, who has reached to the zenith of success, both nationally and internationally. Hence, just like Amitabh and Abhishek, even we feel that the Ash's weight gain issue needs to calm down, as no man on this earth would appreciate intrusion in their own personal space.


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- 1 extremely bad or serious a severe handicap His injuries are severe. severe weather conditions a severe winter (= one during which the weather conditions are extremely bad) The party suffered severe losses during the last election. a severe shortage of qualified staff severe learning difficulties The victim suffered severe brain damage. a severe case of woodworm Strikes are causing severe disruption to all train services. punishment
- 2 severe (on/with somebody) punishing somebody in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules synonym harsh The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. a severe punishment/sentence not kind
- 3 not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of somebody/something synonym stern a severe expression She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. very difficult
- 4extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability synonym stiff The marathon is a severe test of stamina. style/appearance/clothing
- 5(disapproving) extremely plain and lacking any decoration Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste. Her hair was short and severe. Word Originmid 16th cent. (in sense (2)): from French sévère or Latin severus.Extra examples an exceptionally severe frost women affected by mild to moderately severe symptoms A severe storm blew the ship off course. Anyone found using drugs will receive severe punishment. Even in the south it was an unusually severe winter. He received a severe reprimand for his behaviour. He was staring straight at her with the most severe expression. Her hair was cut in a very short, severe style. Severe weather conditions can lead to an increase in the demand for electricity. She fixed them with a very severe look. She suffers from severe learning difficulties. She was wearing a severe dark grey jacket. That year we had a particularly severe winter. The bridge has been closed due to severe weather conditions. There is a severe shortage of qualified staff. These women have to endure poor living conditions, low pay and severe discipline.
very bad
adjectivejump to other results
BrE BrE//sɪˈvɪə(r)//; NAmE NAmE//sɪˈvɪr//(severer, severest)
Check pronunciation: severe


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Earlier Monday, we shared the story of Lou Williams. The 76ers guard tweeted over the holiday weekend that he was nearly robbed but the gunman spared him because of all the work he does for the community. Williams deleted the tweet, but he elaborated on the story.
"A guy tried to rob me but decided not to because of whatever I do in the community," Williams told reporters. "He's a Lou Williams fan, so he didn't rob me."
According to the Philadelphia Daily News, Williams said he was driving in his car when the man approached, knocked on the driver's window and had a gun drawn.
"There's crime everywhere," said Williams. "I was debating whether to pull off to help the guy. The gun was already out. He did all the talking, and we came up with a solution before i could really say much. I treated him to McDonald's."
What a maddening turn of events, huh? I'm just wondering what kind of mugger is open to negotiations. Can you really reason with them? And that's a pretty good solution too — how bout you buy me a burger from the golden arches and we'll call it a day, deal? Love it. I guess this is the ultimate example of street cred.
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Rock Star Mesh Bib
Product Code: NKC 5575
Layers of gunmetal chains paired with dangling crystal embellishments give the Rock Star Mesh Bib a one of a kind edgy but oh-so-pretty vibe.
Bib style necklace adorned with Austrian crystals
See where it will fall with our handy necklace length chart.
Measurements: Length 16.75"-18.75" adjustable; Drop: 2.5"
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Reviews ( 1 )
Mar 3, 2016
Definitely feel like a rock star with this on!
I only have good things to say about this wonderful necklace! I love the sturdy mesh design and the crystal embellishment details. The crystal embellishments have been attached very securely, so I have no fear of those falling off. I also like how the mesh is gunmetal and the crystals are set in gold tone- adds some more flare to the necklace. It sits like a bib around the neck so I would recommend wearing it with a plain tee and a blazer on top to finish the look. Definitely worth every penny!


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Reviewed By Larry S (SYRACUSE, NY) Reviewed for a 2017 Ford F-150 —5/19/2017 4:27 AM
Went in like it was supposed to & looks good and the bed mat keeps things from sliding around.
Reviewed By Michael B (CENTERVILLE, MA) Reviewed for a 2017 Dodge Ram —5/8/2017 7:12 AM
Purchase a bed mat and tail get liner of a different brand. The bed mat was fine but the tail gate liner required 26 screws be drilled in the tail gate. Truck is a lease-Not doing that. Ordered the weather tech tail gate liner and the fit was nice and not drilling.
Reviewed By Matthias W (Clawson, MI) Reviewed for a 2016 Ford F-150 —1/10/2017 2:39 PM
Installation was pretty straight forward. The liner looks really good. Don't believe the commercial, the cargo still has to be tied down: not as slippery as plastic but your luggage still moves around. All in all I would buy it again.
Protect your truck bed and prevent your cargo from sliding around when you set your rig up with a truck bed liner. Check out this article to find out just how easy it is to give your truck bed the protection it needs.
Tags: pickup bed liners, pickup truck bed mats, rubber truck bed mats, truck bed foam, rubber mats for truck beds
Learn the difference between truck bed mats and truck bed liners. Find out which you need for your truck.
Learn the key differences between carpet, rubber, spray-on and roll-on truck bed liners.
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When it comes to shopping for truck bed liners, you need to know exactly how long your truck bed is. And keep in mind, what is on the inside is what counts.
Line your bed with protection and style. This informative guide shows you the differences between a drop-in and spray-in bed liners.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|May 28, 1968
|Filing date
|Apr 24, 1967
|Priority date
|Apr 24, 1967
|Publication number
|Raphael J Costanzo
|Original Assignee
|Raphael J. Costanzo
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (54), Classifications (16)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
y 28, 6 R. J. COSTANZO 3,386,067
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ELECTRICAL SWITCH AND APPLICATION THEREFOR Original Filed Oct. 21, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR RAPHAEL J COSTANZO ATTORNEY y .1968 R. .1. COSTANZO 3,386,067
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ELECTRICAL SWITCH AND APPLICATION THEREFOR Original Filed Oct. 21, 1965 2 Sheets-Shem :2
l 4 INVENTOR RCE |G.-| I Raphael J Cosfanzo ATTORNEY United States Patent Olfice ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention is directed to a pressure-sensitive electrical switch for controlling current flow through a circuit, and it is particularly advantageous for controlling SCR circuits. The pressure variable switch comprises a resilient porous-like or cellular material impregnated with a powdered electrical conducting substance sandwiched between a pair of contacts. When the impregnated cellular material is connected into a circuit, it will function as a variable pressure resistor switch whereby the resistance through the switch will vary the current flow in the circuit in accordance with the applied pressure.
This application is a division and a continuation-inpart of co-pending application Ser. No. 511,573 filed Oct. 21, 1965 which was a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 320,892 filed Nov. 1, 1963, now abandoned.
Heretofore, there has been no known variable pressuresensitive switch capable of variably controlling the flow of current through SCR circuits and/or solid state devices in a substantially linear manner in accordance with the applied pressure over the entire range. Efforts to attain control of a current through a circuit heretofore were restricted simply to the inclusion of simple on-off switches and/or the use of variable rheostats or potentiometers. However, the use of such potentiometers, rheostats and the like had the disadvantage that linear control through the full range was not possible. Also the physical makeup of a potentiometer or rheostat to attain the desired variable control over a circuit was generally complicated and difiicult to fabricate, and therefore was relatively expensive. Also the inherent operation of a potentiometer or rheostat is such that variable control can be attained only in incremental steps and therefore it is incapable of any substantially linear performance. Consequently, infinite type control had not been heretofore possible over certain tool application where such infinite control was desirable.
Also, because of the inherent mechanical resistance due to friction and the like, the use of rheostats or potentiometers was not particularly suitable for controlling circuits subjected to extremely sensitive changes.
An object of this invention is to provide a pressu eresponsive switch that is simple, rugged, sensitive and inexpensive to fabricate.
Another object is to provide an improved pressure-responsive switch having in effect no moving metallic parts.
Another object is to provide a pressure-responsive switch having the characteristic of low forward resistance and substantially infinite reverse resistance.
Still another object is to provide a pressure-responsive switch in which the resistance therethrough decreases in proportion to the increase in pressure subjected thereon.
Still another object is to provide a pressure-responsive switch that can be utilized in numerous and various types of applications.
Still another object is to provide a pressure-responsive 3,386,067 Patented May 28, 1968 switch that is silent in operation and from which the contact bounce is completely eliminated.
Still another object is to provide a pressure-responsive switch that can be in any size, shape or form.
Still another object is to provide an electrical switch in which there is a minimum of linear degradation as the resistance through the switch is decreased in proportion to the applied pressure.
The foregoing objects and other features and advantages are attained by an electrical switch which, in accordance with this invention, comprises a resilient porous-like or cellular material impregnated with an electrical conducting substance. Accordingly, when the impregnated cellular material is connected into an electrical circuit, it will function as a switch or variable resistor whereby the resistance therethrough will vary inversely to the pressure applied thereon. In one form of the invention, the impregnated porous or cellular-like resilient material may be sandwiched between a pair of floating contacts. In another form, the electrical contacts or ends of the conductors may be fixed or permanently secured in electrical contact with the impregnated material. In either event, the operation of the device is such that the resistance through the switch will vary with a minimum of linear degradation inversely to the pressure applied thereto. In another form of the invention, the switch means can be rendered magnetically operated by impregnating the cellular material with a magnetic material.
A feature of this invention resides in the provision that the switch is relatively simple in construction, can be inexpensively fabricated and is positive in operation.
Another feature is that the switch of the instant invention can be made in any desired shape, form or size, as for example, the switch can be round, square, or any other suitable regular or irregular shape or form.
Another feature resides in the provision that the instant switch is resistant to wear and can be readily subjected to wide ranges of temperature without adverse effects.
Another feature resides in the provision that the switch of the instant invention is relatively chemically inert and resistant to vapor, water or other liquids.
Still another feature of the invention resides in the provision that the switch has a minimum of linear degradation. resistance, noise and electrical angle.
Other features and advantages will become more readily apparent when considered in view of the drawings and description in which,
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic showing of a circuit utilizing the pressure-responsive switch or component construction of the instant invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a diagrammatic electric circuit in which a modified form of the construction is utilized.
FIG. 3 is a showing of still another modified form of the construction.
FIG. 3 is a showing of still another modified form of the construction.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of still another modified form of the invention, and
FIG. 5 is a section view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a modified form of the invention.
FIG. 7 is still another modified form of the invention.
FIG. 8 is another modified form of the switch means.
FIG. 9 illustrates a circuit embodying the invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates another circuit embodying the invention.
FIG. 11 illustrates another modified SCR circuit.
Referring to the drawings, there is illustrated in FIG. 1 an electrical circuit 10 in which the switch means or variable resistor means 11 constructed, in accordance with this invention, is electrically connected in circuit with any suitable load 12. The switch or variable resistor 11 comprises a pressure-responsive means in which the resistance therethrough will vary inversely to the force F applied. This is attained by sandwiching between a pair of opposed spaced apart electrical contacts 13, 14 a resilient porous or cellular-like or elastomeric material 15 impregnated with an electrically conductive powdered material. Sponge rubber, polyurethane foam, or other resilient cellular-like, foam or porous-like material 15 have been found to be acceptable in carrying out this invention. The electrical conducting material with which the foam or cellular material is impregnated comprises of powdered graphite, silver oxide, aluminum oxide and/ or magnetic material, e.g. a powdered ferrous oxide or any other suitable electrical conducting substance or material and/or a mixture thereof depending on the desired resistance characteristics to be attained.
In the illustrated embodiment, as viewed in FIG. 1, the piece of material 15 may be rendered rectangular in cross-section or cubical in form. However, it will be apparent that the material may be shaped to assume any desired size or form depending on the specific application. In FIG. 5, the material is shown in a round or doughnut shape.
Accordingly, contacts 13, 14 are disposed on either side of the material 15 so that the impregnated material 15 is sandwiched therebetween. The contacts may cornprise either floating contacts and/ or contacts permanently fixed or secured to the material. The contacts 13, 14 when fixed to the material 15 may be secured with an epoxy silver or other suitable conductive glue or adhesive.
The arrangement is such that the inherent resiliency of the material 15 from which the switch is made will normally maintain the contacts 13, 14 suificiently far apart so that the resistance therethrough is infinite. When a pressure or force F is applied to the switch, as indicated to overcome the resiliency or bias of the material 15, the respective contacts are displaced toward one another. When this occurs, the impregnated material sandwiched therebetween is compressed causing the resistance therethrough to be progressively decreased as the pressure is increased. Consequently, the current fiow through the circuit, as in FIG. 1, is controlled or regulated accordingly. When the pressure or force F on the switch 11 is relieved, the inherent resiliency of the material 15, from which the switch 11 is made, will move or return the contacts 13, 14 to their outermost position, and the material is again repositioned so that the resistance therethrough is again made infinite.
From the foregoing, it will be noted that the operation and action of the switch 11 is positive and silent. Also its structure renders it resistant to wear and the elements.
FIG. 2 illustrates a slightly modified switching construction 20 of the invention. In this form, each of the opposing contacts 21, 22 is provided with a circumscribing flange portion 21A, 22A disposed inwardly from the opposed surfaces of impregnated material 23. In this form of the invention, the arrangement of the contacts 21, 22 is such that when maximum force F is applied to the contacts 21, 22 of the switch, the material 23 therebetween is compressed so that the inwardly turned flanges 21A, 22A ultimately will make contact, and thereby minimize the resistance through the switch. In all other respects the operation and construction of the switch 20 of FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1 as hereinbefore described.
FIG. 3 illustrates a further modification of the invention. In this form of the invention the construction of the switch 30 is substantially similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1 with the exception that one of the contacts 31 may be provided with a limiting means in the form of a projection 32 extending inwardly of the impregnated material 34 sandwiched between contacts 31, 35. Thus, it will be noted that when the pressure or force F is applied to the contacts 31, 35 the projection 32 will limit the spacing between the contacts. Thus appropriate sizing of the limiting means 32 can deter mine the minimum resistance desired through a given switch construction. If desired, the projection 32 may be formed of an electrically conducted material so that in the maximum compressed position of the switch 30 the contacts 31, 35 are brought into electrical engagement with one another through the projection 32.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are directed to a modified embodiment to illustrate how the construction of the instant invention is susceptible to constructions of any size, shape and form. In this form of the invention the switch 40 is constructed in the shape of a doughnut. As shown, the impregnated material 41 is shaped as an angular member which is sandwiched between a pair of angular contacts 42, 43. In operation, switch 40, disclosed in FIGS. 4 and 5, is similar in all respects to that described with reference to FIG. 1. The only distinction therebetween is the geometric configuration of the switch.
Accordingly, the switch constructions of this invention are applicable to numerous and various types of applications, as for example, the switch may be utilized to control solid state devices such as SCR transistors, or to control cold cathode tubes, potentiometers and the like. The switch constructions can be also used in systems to measure respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood pulse and other physiological pressure-responsive applications. The switch is also applicable for use as depth gauges, altimeters, burglar alarms, conventional switching devices, on-ofi switching means, or it may also be utilized with relays or other electrical mechanical-type devices in which pressure is used to render a mechanism or device operational.
In accordance with this invention, the switch may be constructed so as to render it magnetically operable. This is attained simply by impregnating in the foam or cellular material a material including a magnetic conducting substance, e.g. ferrous oxide. Thus a switch so impregnated, in accordance with this invention, can be rendered operatively by application of magnetic forces thereon.
FIG. 8 illustrates a switch component 50 illustrating a construction which renders the same readily operable by a magnetic field created by a magnet 51. As shown, the switching device 50 of FIG. 8 comprises a layer of foam or cellular material 52 which is impregnate-d with electrical conducting material including ferrous oxide. Since ferrous oxide constitutes an element of the composition, it is to be noted that the foam 52 so impregnated is rendered attracted to a magnetic field disposed adjacent thereto. In the form of the invention illustrated in FIG. 8, the layer 52 of impregnated cellular material is seated or connected to a rigid non-flexible conductor 53 which in turn is connected to a conduit 54 which is adapted to connect with a source of electrical power. As shown, the rigid non-flexible conductor 53 is illustrated as comprising an angular or ring-shaped member by which the switch element 50 may be supported. The other conductor 55 is formed of a flexible material such as aluminum foil. Accordingly, the other line or conduit 56 of the electrical circuit is electrically connected to the flexible conductor 55. Accordingly, in operation, it will be noted that when the switch element of 50 is exposed to a magnetic field, the attraction between the ferrous oxide impregnated in the cellular layer 52 which is attracted to the magnet will cause a compression of the cellular layer 52 giving a change in the output ohmic resistance thereby permitting a current to flow through the conductors 54 and 56.
FIG. 7 illustrates another modified form of the invention. In this form of the invention, one of the conductors 60 of switch means 61 is formed of a rigid flat magnetically attracted material, as for example, iron or other ferrous material. The other conductor 62 is formed of a suitable flexible electrical conducting material. Accordingly, the
layer of cellular foam 63 is likewise impregnated with a substance similar to that impregnating the foam layer 52 of FIG. 8. Consequently, it will be noted that in the position illustrated in FIG. 7 there are illustrated the respective contacts 60 and 62 in a position which are sufiiciently spaced apart so that the resistance therethrough is infinite. Therefore, to permit current to flow through the circuit defined by conduits 64 and 65, the magnet 66 is energized to create a magnetic .field which will tend to attract the conductor 60 supported. Since the conductor 68 is made of ai'rnagnetically attracted material, it will assist the attraction or compression of the cellular material 63 which is also impregnated with ferrous oxide material. Upon compression of the switch means 61 due to the influence of the magnetic field thereon, it will be noted that the cellular layer 63 is compressed causing the resistance therethrough to be progressively decreased as the magnetic flux operating thereon is increased. Consequently, a current flows through the circuit which is controlled or regulated in accordance with the magnetic field applied thereon.
FIG. 6 illustrates another form of switch means in accordance with the instant invention. In this form of the invention, the switch means 70 is arranged so that the opposed conductors 71 and 72 are electrically insulated from the layer 73 of impregnated foraminous material. Accordingly, suitable fiber washers 74 may be interposed between the layer of foraminous material 73 which is impregnated as hereinbefore described from the respective electrical conductors 71 and 72. Accordingly, an insulating air space 75 is interposed between each conductor 71 and 72 and the impregnated layer of foraminous material 73. In this form of the invention, it is desirable to make the conductors 71 and 72 of a suitable flexible material so that when a pressure is applied thereto, the conductors 71 and 72 will deform so as to make contact with the layer of impregnated foraminous material 73. Accordingly, when a force is applied causing the conductors 71 and 72 to deform so as to make contact with the conducting particles impregnated in the foraminous material, the resistance through the switching means is decreased in proportion to the amount of pressure applied thereto and consequently, current will flow through the circuit defined by conductors 76 and 77.
FIG. 9 illustrates an SCR circuit in which the pressure variable switch herein described is utilized to control the current therethrough in accordance with applied pressure. Referring to FIG. 9, the circuit is energized by an alternating source of current 80 which supplies a continuously variable symmetrical current to a load 81 which may comprise any suitable type of electrical load, e.g. a lamp, a motor, etc.
The circuit includes a silicon-controlled rectifier 82 and a second silicon-controlled rectifier 83 which are inversely wired in parallel so that the respective polarities are reversed. The two SCRs 82, 83 are connected across the AC supply 80 and in series with the load 81. Connected in the circuit for controlling the current flow therethrough is a pressure-sensitive switch 84. The switch 84 comprises any of the structures similar to that hereinbefore described, e.g. FIGS. 1, 6, 7 and 8, wherein the foam or cellular material is impregnated with an electrical conducting material as herein specified.
If desired, a variable or adjustable means may be disposed adjacent the pressure-sensitive switch 84 to vary the resistance thereof and/or to maintain the resistance thereof at a given setting. Such variable or adjusting means may comprise a set screw which can be turned to exert the desired force on the switch 84 or the same may be magnetically energized in a manner similar to that described with respect to FIGS. 7 and 8.
The gate of the rectifier 82 is connected in circuit with a triggering diode 86 and an associated resistor 87. A capacitor 88 is interposed between the gate of rectifier 82 and the line. A singular circuit is provided for the gate of the rectifier 83 which also includes a triggering diode 87A,
and associated resistor 87B. A capacitor 89 is connected in the gate circuit of rectifier 83.
The gate circuit of the two rectifiers 82, 83 is bridged by a resistive circuit which includes the variable pressuresensitive switch 84 and a fixed resistor 84A. If desired, a main on-otf switch may be interposed in the circuit to place the circuit in a ready state. The switch 90 may comprise a mutually actuated switch or it may be mechanically connected to switch 84.
With the circuit illustrated each half cycle of the AC current is controlled by one or the other of recti-fiers 82 and 83 in accordance with the applied pressure exerted on switch 84. For example, when switch 90 is closed and a force or pressure is applied to switch 84, the first half cycle of the voltage begins to build across one of the rectifiers. At this stage, silicon-controlled rectifier 82, for example, has not yet been triggered so that it will not conduct, and the other rectifier, e.g. 83 is positioned in reverse polarity to the applied voltage. However, an AC current path is established through the series connection between capacitor 88, resistor 84A. Accordingly, the voltage on one side of capacitor 88 builds until it exceeds the break-down voltage of the diode 86 and establishes a current path from gate to cathode of the silicon-control rectifier 82 causing the rectifier to fire and thereby conduct load current for the remainder of the half cycle. The length of time required for the capacitor 88 to build up to the triggering voltage is a function of the RC timing constant which is set by control of the variable sensitive switch 84. During the portion of the cycle prior to firing of the silicon-control rectifier 82, the voltage is of course building up 'across capacitor 89. However, as previously described, the voltage across the rectifier 83 is reversed in relation to its permitted current flow.
Upon reversal of the voltage at source 80, all polarities change and the silicon-control rectifier 82 stops conducting. The reverse action now takes place in exactly the same manner but the voltage build-up across the capacitor 89 in the reverse direction allows triggering current to flow through break-down diode 87A into the gate circuit of the silicon-control rectifier 83 so that after the proper period of time, this silicon-control rectifier conducts load curent. It will be noted that a resistor 87, 88 is connected across each diode 86, 87. These resistances are of a high ohmic value. For example, in one embodiment, e'ach resistor has a value of 62,000 ohms. These resistors are useful in preventing flicker on low-brightness settings. This flicker is apparently the result of incomplete discharge of the capacitor when its associated rectifier goes from the conducting to non-conducting state. The presence of a residual charge on the capacitor can cause significant delay in the subsequent reverse voltage build-up of the triggering circuit that a complete misfire can occur when the lower settings of the brightness controls.
FIG. 10 illustrates a latching circuit in which the pressure-sensitive means of FIG. 1 may 'be employed.
The two variable resistance pressure switches V1 and V2, as seen in the circuit of FIG. 10, results in latching the symmetric AC power line voltage. Thus for the first time, enabling a user to turn circuits on and off without the movement of any mechanical contact. Also, this arrangement allows for complete silence in operation and consequently, a minimum of maintenance is necessary. For all practical purposes, an unlimited life is provided to the circuit. It will be seen that the pressure variable switches V1 and V2 'are connected to a silicon-control rectifier which is illustrated as being bi-directional. Accordingly, the silicon-control bi-directional rectifier, in natural state, blocks the application of the line voltageto the load 92.
When the gate circuit is triggered, the silicon-control rectifier switches into a conducting state, thus allowing line voltage to be supplied to the load. The gate is at the same potential as the anode of the silicon-control rectifier. The capacitor C charges to the load voltage through R2. When the line voltage reverses at the end of a half cycle, capacitor C discharges through the silicon-control rectifier gate and load thereby triggering the siliconcontrol rectifier for the next half cycle.
Due to the bilateral trigger characteristics of the silicon-control bi-directional rectifier, this action continues on each half cycle resulting in latching of the AC line voltage across the load. When the circuit is to be turned ofi, pressure variable switch 2 is momentarily closed, thus shunting the discharge of current of C around the gate of the silicon-control bi-direction'al rectifier thus unlatching the circuit. In this manner, the pressure variable switches V1 and V2 are valuable or have application to SCR circuitry. Accordingly, such pressure variable switches can be used on all dimming, latching and SCR circuits as shown in FIG. or in solid state devices such as transistors, diodes, magnetic amplifiers, etc.
FIG. 11 illustrates another modified AC circuit 100. In this circuit two SCR 101, 102 are wired in inverse parallel into one side of the line and in series with a load 103. The gate of each SCR is connected in circuit with 'a triggering diode 104 and 105 respectively. Operatively associated with each of the respective triggering diodes is a capacitor 106 and 107. Bridging the respective diodes 104, 105 is a pressure-sensitive switch 108 constructed as herein described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4, 6, 7 or 8.
In the circuit 100, both half cycles of the AC voltage are controlled therein. When the pressure-sensitive switch 108 is in a relaxed state or position the resistance is extremely high. Thus there is no current flow to the load 103, and if such load 103 is a lamp or motor it is rendered inoperative. This is because the resistor/capacitor and diode network attenuate and phase retarding the gate signals so that the SCRs cannot fire. Progressive pressure applied on switch 108 reduces the resistance thereof, thus advancing the firing angle of the SC-Rs and allowing the SCRs to conduct for longer portions of the cycle going from off to completely on in incremental amounts depending on the amount of pressure applied on switch 108. Accordingly, in one half of the cycle the current flows through one SCR and in the other half of the cycle the current flows through the other SCR.
The foregoing circuit has particular application in controlling the speed of many appliances which are motoroperated. For example, the circuit 100 is particularly applicable for applying the speed of an AC powered tool, eg a hand drill. In such instances the pressure switch is operatively associated with the trigger of such drill so that the speed of the drill bit is varied in accordance with the applied pressure on the trigger. In lieu of a trigger means as such, the tool or appliance may be provided with a handle portion which 'has a deformable portion that is operatively associated with the switch 108. Thus by applying pressure on the deformable portion of the housing or handle, the speed of the motor driven tool is governed accordingly.
What is claimed is:
1. A pressure-sensitive electrical switch comprising:
a pair of opposed, spaced-apart electrical contacts adapted to be connected into an electrical circuit,
a resilient dielectric material sandwiched between said contacts in contiguous relationship thereto,
and a composition of finely divided, electrically conductive powdered material impregnated into said dielectric material so that upon the application of a force said contacts are freed for relative movement to compress therebetween said impregnated material to result in a decreasing of the electric resistance therethrough in a substantially linear manner in proportion to the applied force,
said composition of finely divided material includes powdered, ferrous oxide for rendering said switch operable by the influence of a magnetic field thereon, and means for fixing one of said contacts against movement and forming the other of said contacts of a flexible con-ducting material, and
means defining a magnetic field disposed opposite the ridgedly disposed contact so that upon energization of said magnetic field, the first oxide particles impregnated in said dielectric material are attracted causing the latter to compress thereby decreasing the resistance therethrough in proportion to the magnitude of said magnetic field.
2. A pressure-sensitive electrical switch comprising:
a pair of opposed spaced-apart electrical contacts adapted to be connected into an electrical circuit,
a resilient dielectric material sandwiched between said contacts in contiguous relationship thereto,
and a composition of finely divided electrically conductive powdered material impregnated into said dielectric material so that upon the application of a force, said contacts are free for relative movement to compress therebetween said impregnated material to result in a decreasing of the electrical resistance therethrough in a substantially linear manner in proportion to the applied force,
and including means for electrically insulating said impregnated material from said contacts by defining an air space between said impregnated material and each of said contacts, and
said contacts being rendered flexible so that upon the application of a force thereon, said contacts are caused to flex across said air space to make electrical contact with said impregnated material.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 740,787 10/ 1903 Vetter 338-114 X 1,221,327 4/1917 Honold 338-103 X 1,243,738 10/1917 Honold 338-116 X 2,305,717 12/1942 La Bell 338-114 2,375,178 5/1945 Ruben 338-99 X 2,445,660 7/1948 Bruestle 338-114 2,660,640 11/1953 Wolf 335-280 X 2,690,489 9/1954 Jarret et al. 338-114 X 2,734,978 2/1956 Bulgin 338-114 3,125,739 3/1964 Deibel et a1. 338-99 ROBERT K. SCHAEFER, Primary Examiner.
H. J. HOHAUSER, Assistant Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 ,386,067 May 28 1968 Raphael J. Costanzo It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
In the heading to the printed specification, line 4, "119 Park Ave." should read 119 Park Street I Signed and sealed this 2nd day of December 1969.
SEAL) LttBSt:
dward M. Fletcher, Jr. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR.
tttesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
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|Elevator Supplies Co Inc
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|Jun 2, 1970
|Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
|Electromagnetic relay utilizing a semiconductor element
|May 4, 1970
|Mar 7, 1972
|Essex International Inc
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|A Richards
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|Essex International Inc
|Push-pull switch having self-biasing elastomeric material contacts with discrete conductive particles dispersed therein
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|Sep 17, 1974
|Fleet Electronics Ltd
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|Essex International Inc
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|Essex International, Inc.
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|Apr 22, 1976
|Mar 14, 1978
|Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd.
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|May 9, 1978
|Products International Company
|Electrode for electrosurgical procedure
|Sep 22, 1977
|May 15, 1979
|Essex Group, Inc.
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|Dec 26, 1978
|Jul 31, 1979
|Shin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd.
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|Sep 18, 1978
|Nov 25, 1980
|Eventoff Franklin Neal
|Electronic apparatus
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|Dec 15, 1981
|Behr-Thomson Dehnstoffregler Gmbh
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|Black & Decker Inc.
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|E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh
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|Jul 11, 2005
|Aug 21, 2007
|Tekscan Incorporated
|Sensor with a plurality of sensor elements arranged with respect to a substrate
|Feb 17, 2009
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|Black & Decker Corporation
|Trigger assembly including a flexible bend sensor
|Mar 19, 2010
|Nov 15, 2011
|Stryker Corporation
|In-ambulance cot shut-off device
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|Tekscan, Inc.
|Sensor with a plurality of sensor elements arranged with respect to a substrate
|Jul 27, 2004
|Feb 2, 2006
|Tekscan Incorporated
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|Mar 19, 2010
|Jul 15, 2010
|Stryker Corporation
|In-ambulance cot shut-off device
|Feb 17, 2009
|Aug 19, 2010
|Black & Decker Inc.
|Trigger Assembly Including A Flexible Bend Sensor
|May 9, 2011
|May 13, 2014
|Stryker Corporation
|Ambulance cot with pinch safety feature
|Dec 31, 1977
|Jul 5, 1979
|Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler
|Nov 25, 1980
|Jun 16, 1982
|Reinz Dichtung Gmbh
|Rubber with pressure dependent electrical conductivity - contains metal particles and conducting fibres giving better long term performance
|Oct 28, 1981
|May 11, 1983
|Black & Decker Inc
|"elektrowerkzeug, insbesondere handwerkzeug"
|Nov 24, 1981
|Jun 1, 1983
|Black & Decker Inc
|Elektrowerkzeug, insbesondere handwerkzeug, mit drehmomentueberwachung
|Jun 14, 1996
|Mar 12, 1998
|Still Wagner Gmbh & Co Kg
|Bedienelement f�r ein deichselgef�hrtes Flurf�rderzeug
|Jul 30, 1997
|Feb 18, 1999
|Still & Saxby Sarl
|Deichselkopf f�r ein deichselgelenktes Flurf�rderzeug
|Sep 22, 1981
|Apr 28, 1982
|Bosch-Siemens Hausger�te GmbH
|Switching component with variable resistance
|Sep 22, 1981
|Feb 2, 1983
|Bosch-Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh Stuttgart
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|Dec 19, 1980
|Jun 30, 1982
|Dictator-Technik Ruef & Co.
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|Sep 13, 1983
|May 2, 1984
|Kdc Corporation
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|Oct 15, 1990
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|Marquardt GmbH
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|Dec 12, 1983
|Jul 5, 1984
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|Aug 11, 1993
|Mar 17, 1994
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|Changeable high-current resistor and its use as a protective component
|Jul 19, 2013
|Jan 23, 2014
|Peter John Hosking
|Power tools and hand operated electrical devices
|U.S. Classification
|338/100, 338/114, 327/384
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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I am Joe Corn. Third Grader. Smarty Pants. Candy Lover. Chicken Griller. I was the best rootin' tootin' chicken yew could ever lay your eyes on. Heck, on the first day The Chicken opened we had more tips than fifty McDonalds put together. Twice!
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