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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 4, 1995
|Filing date
|Feb 8, 1994
|Priority date
|Feb 8, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Chuen Y. Pan
|Original Assignee
|Alberta Research Council
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (10), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a pressure swing adsorption process for separating components of a gas mixture using a circuit having two adsorbers and a product reservoir vessel arranged in series.
The pressure swing adsorption ("PSA") process has been widely used for gas separation and purification. More specifically, the PSA process is used for oxygen production from air. The basic process is carried out in fixed bed adsorbers and involves a sequence of cyclic operating steps of high pressure adsorption of nitrogen for oxygen production followed by low pressure desorption of nitrogen for adsorbent regeneration. The process has many different configurations and operating procedures, depending on the desired trade-off between product recovery and purity and system complexity.
The present process has also been developed in connection with removing nitrogen ("N2 ") from air to yield significantly purified oxygen ("O2 "). It will be described hereinbelow in connection with that particular feedstock. However it is contemplated that the invention may find application with respect to treating other gas mixtures as well.
The typical PSA process employs a set of adsorbers arranged in parallel flow relationship with each adsorber proceeding sequentially through a multi-step adsorption/desorption cycle. The adsorption step of an adsorber is generally synchronized with the desorption step of other adsorbers so that O2 can be produced continuously. A typical PSA system used for the separation of the N2 and O.sub. 2 components of air involves 3 to 4 adsorber columns ("adsorbers") arranged in parallel flow relationship. The adsorbers are each packed with a bed of adsorbent particles. This system is illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,430,418 (Wagner), 3,564,816 and 3,636,679 (Batta) and 3,973,931 (Collins). About one to two dozen timer controlled switching valves are required in each of these systems to implement and control the cyclic sorption process. Each adsorber is operated to go through the following basic steps in sequence in a manner such that the system is continuously accepting feed air and producing O2 -enriched product gas:
(1) Introduction of air into the adsorber, pressurization thereof and adsorption of N2 from the feed air to produce O2 -enriched product gas exiting from the adsorber outlet;
(2) Co-current de-pressurization ("co-current" means in the same direction as the feed air flow during adsorption) to recover O2 enriched product gas still remaining in the adsorber at the end of the adsorption step, for use in pressurizing or purging other adsorbers. This usually involves multi-step de-pressurization of the adsorber and transfer of the depressurized gas to several other adsorbers through their outlet ends for the purpose of purging or re-pressurization prior to adsorption;
(3) Counter-current venting to remove adsorbed N2 from the adsorbent by blowing down the adsorber to ambient pressure through its feed air inlet;
(4) Counter-current purging of the blown down adsorber to further remove the adsorbed N2 using the purified product gas obtained from another adsorber undergoing co-current de-pressurization; and
(5) Counter-current re-pressurization of the purged adsorber using part of the product gas or the gas obtained from another adsorber undergoing co-current de-pressurization.
So, in general, the prior art technology involves pressurization and adsorption, co-current de-pressurization, counter-current venting, counter-current purging, and counter-current re-pressurization.
Underlying the prior art multi-bed PSA technology, one of the common themes of hardware design and operating method is to maximize the utilization of the O2 -enriched (or purified) product gas still trapped in the mass transfer zone of the adsorber following the adsorption step. The inter-adsorber pressure equalization method is generally used to facilitate the recovery and utilization of this gas. In order to increase the effectiveness of this recovery/utilization process, it is necessary to increase the complexity of the system using a large number of switching valves to carry out multi-step pressure equalization for several pairs of adsorbers at progressively lower pressure levels.
The following shortcomings can be identified in the existing multi-bed PSA processes:.
(a) During the adsorption step, there develops an oxygen concentration gradient along the length of the adsorber column, increasing in the direction of the feed air flow; the oxygen concentrations at the feed inlet and product outlet of the column are equal to that of the feed air and product gas, respectively. The concentration gradient of nitrogen is just opposite to that of oxygen; it increases in the opposite direction, toward the feed inlet. Therefore, during co-current de-pressurization, which follows the adsorption step, the nitrogen content in the gas exiting from the adsorber outlet always gradually increases with time. Hence, the more the gas is extracted from the adsorber by co-current de-pressurization, the higher is its nitrogen content;
(b) The gas obtained from the co-current de-pressurization of an adsorber is usually transferred to other adsorber columns (referred to as `recipient adsorbers`) through their product outlet ends for purging or re-pressurization. Since the nitrogen content in the said gas generally increases with time, this always creates an undesirable oxygen concentration profile in the recipient adsorber being purged or re-pressurized--the oxygen concentration decreases toward the product outlet end. In other words, the oxygen concentration gradient created by purging or re-pressurization of the recipient adsorber using the co-currently depressurized gas from another adsorber is always opposite to that developed during the adsorption step as illustrated in FIG. 4;
(c) The nitrogen contamination of the recipient adsorber outlet due to the oxygen gradient reversal, created by the purging and/or re-pressurization using the co-currently depressurized gas, will adversely affect performance of the subsequent adsorption step in the recipient adsorber, making it difficult to achieve the desired product oxygen purity. This can only be avoided by terminating the co-current de-pressurization step earlier, and stopping at a higher pressure. But this imposes a serious limit on the recovery and utilization of the already partially oxygen-enriched gas remaining in the adsorber at the end of the adsorption step.
Most existing PSA processes suffer from the drawback of oxygen concentration gradient reversal in their purging and/or re-pressurizing step. A few of the PSA systems have managed to avoid this shortcoming in the purging step by using an empty or adsorbent-filled vessel as a temporary storage vessel for the gas obtained from the adsorber undergoing co-current de-pressurization. The gas is then withdrawn from the said vessel in reverse direction and used for purging the same adsorber following its counter-current venting step (e.g. see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,142,547 (Marsh et al), and 3,788,036 (Lee et al)). But those systems still suffer from the same said drawback in their re-pressurization step which involves gas transfer through the product outlet ends of two adsorbers. In the PSA system described in U.S. Pat. 4,715,867 (Vo), the problem of oxygen concentration gradient reversal is partially mitigated by feeding the co-currently depressurized gas from one adsorption zone to the mid-point of the other adsorption zone (rather than through the product outlet end), the said adsorption zone being defined as a pair of two serially connected adsorber columns. Half of the adsorption zone, however, is still susceptible to oxygen concentration gradient reversal.
In the simple single-column PSA processes (e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,194,892 (Jones et al), and 4,892,566 (Bansal et al)), which do not involve any gas transfer between adsorbers, there is no possibility of oxygen concentration reversal. But this advantage is more than offset by their inability to carry out the important co-current de-pressurization process. As a result, the performance of the single-column process is considerably inferior to the multi-bed process.
With this background in mind, it is the objective of the present invention to provide a process designed to eliminate the undesirable contaminant component concentration gradient reversal and to carry out more effective co-current de-pressurization.
In accordance with the invention, a novel PSA process is carried out in a circuit comprising first and second adsorbers and a product reservoir vessel, said units being arranged and connected in series.
In the practice of the process, the following steps are carried out sequentially in the circuit:
(1) feeding a charge of feed gas, comprising a mixture of product and contaminant components, into the first adsorber, with the adsorber's outlet valve closed, and temporarily retaining the charge in the adsorber and pressurizing it to a predetermined pressure, so that part of the contaminant component is adsorbed by the adsorber's adsorbent to form a product-enriched gas having an increasing product component concentration gradient and a decreasing contaminant component concentration gradient extending from the adsorber's inlet to its outlet;
(2) co-currently depressurizing the first adsorber by venting product-enriched gas through the second adsorber and product reservoir vessel, preferably through the second adsorber and product reservoir vessel one at a time;
(3) counter-currently venting the adsorbers, preferably one at a time, through the inlet of the first adsorber, to purge them;
(4) counter-currently and partly re-pressurizing the adsorbers with product-enriched gas from the reservoir vessel; and
(5) repeatedly repeating the cycle of steps (1) through (4) to recover product-enriched gas from the reservoir vessel.
The process as; described is characterized by the following features:
(a) By operating the process columns serially, reversal of the component concentration gradients is avoided. More particularly, as a result of using only serial gas transfer between the adsorbers, the following occur: during feed gas re-pressurization and co-current de-pressurization both the contaminant and product component concentration gradients in the adsorbers develop in the co-current direction and create an increasing product component concentration gradient and a decreasing contaminant component concentration gradient extending from adsorber inlet to outlet. During counter-current venting and partial re-pressurization, these gradients retract in the opposite direction but the patterns of decreasing contaminant component concentration and increasing product component concentration gradients are preserved from adsorber inlet to outlet;
(b) By isolating the first adsorber from the second adsorber during feed gas pressurization, the first adsorber may be fully pressurized by the feed air to any pressure level for any length of time without the danger of contaminant breakthrough to the product vessel. Thus, the process operating cycle time can be flexible, and the adsorption capacity of the entire first adsorber can be fully utilized for gas separation. In comparison, for the single-column PSA (e.g. Jones,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,892), in order for the process to function properly, only a relatively short section of the adsorber column near the feed inlet is permitted to be fully pressurized with the feed air. Such a delicate pressurization operation requires a relatively short and carefully controlled feed air introduction period. More importantly, it results in very limited utilization of the adsorbent capacity of the entire adsorber due to the fact that only a very short section of the adsorber is permitted to be fully pressurized with the feed air during each adsorption cycle;
(c) The presence of the second adsorber makes it possible to co-currently depressurize the first adsorber to a very low pressure level prior to the counter-current venting step. This is a direct consequence of the operating procedure of feeding the air to only a single (first) adsorber and venting the nitrogen-enriched residual air from both first and second adsorbers. It can be shown by material balance of air feed and residue vent that in the absence of the second adsorber (as in the single-column PSA process), the maximum: possible co-current de-pressurization will only reduce the pressure in the first adsorber by at most 50%, regardless of the size of the product vessel with acts as the receiver for the depressurized gas. In contrast, the present process with the second adsorber in place can easily reduce the pressure in the first adsorber by about 75% through co-current de-pressurization. Such effective co-current de-pressurization enables an improvement in process efficiency by increased recovery and utilization of the product-enriched gas in the first adsorber after pressurization;
(d) By co-currently depressurizing the first adsorber through the second adsorber and product reservoir vessel sequentially one at a time, the second adsorber can have the beneficial effect of being pressurized to an intermediate pressure level prior to depressurizing to the product vessel. The increased adsorbing capacity of the adsorbent in the second adsorber due to the said pressurization can reduce the level of contaminant in the product gas issuing therefrom.
(e) By preferably venting the first and second adsorbers sequentially one at a time, the first adsorber will reach ambient pressure before venting of the second adsorber begins--this facilitates maximum expansion of the gas from the second adsorber, which therefore provides a large volume of purging gas for the first adsorber.
(f) The present process can be conducted using fewer switching valves and interconnecting lines than the conventional multibed PSA processes (see comparative Example V below).
FIG. 1 is a schematic showing a four-step system involving serially arranged columns wherein the two adsorbers together are co-currently depressurized and counter-currently vented;
FIG. 2 is a schematic showing a six-step system involving serially arranged columns wherein the adsorbers are operated sequentially one at a time, except for the re-pressurization step;
FIG. 3 is a schematic showing a system of FIG. 1 configuration that can accept the feed air continuously without interruption. It is the consolidation of two units of the FIG. 1 system, but with the shared second stage adsorber and product vessel. The two first adsorbers are provided in parallel arrangement and are alternately operated to accept the feed air. Each of these two adsorbers are run independently of the other without any gas transfer between them;
FIG. 4 is a schematic showing two instances of a prior art system in which excessive co-current de-pressurization coupled with inter-column gas transfer gives rise to undesirable concentration gradient reversal in an adsorber.
The invention is now described in the context of producing oxygen-enriched product gas from air.
Referring to FIG. 2, the process is conducted in a circuit comprising first and second adsorbers A, B and a reservoir vessel C, connected serially by suitable lines and timer-controlled valves. The units A and B are conventional columns packed with suitable adsorbent, such as zeolite molecular sieve particles sold under the trade mark OXYSIV by UOP Inc, of Des Plaines, Ill. The product vessel C may be empty internally or packed with adsorbent particles; the purpose of the adsorbent packing is to increase its product gas storage capacity and hence to reduce its physical size requirement. The relative volumes of adsorbers A, B and C will determine the extent of co-current de-pressurization of the first adsorber. For a given first adsorber, the said depressurization increases with increasing volumes of the second adsorber and product vessel. The preferred volume ratios for second-adsorber/first adsorber and product-vessel(adsorbent filled)/first-adsorber are in the range of 1 to 3 and 1 to 6, respectively.
Conventional solenoid or air-piloted valves were used to control flow through the adsorber and reservoir vessel columns. More particularly, valves 1, 2 control feed and discharge lines 3,4 connecting with the inlet 5 of adsorber A. Valve 6 controls line 7 connecting the outlet 8 of adsorber A with the inlet 9 of adsorber B. Valve 10 controls line 11 connecting the outlet 12 of adsorber B with the inlet 13 of reservoir vessel C. A flow regulating valve 14 controls the product line 15 leading from the outlet 16 of reservoir vessel C.
The treatment of feed gas comprises a cycle of steps shown in FIG. 2. The cycle broadly involves pressurization/adsorption of N2 (step A1), recovery of product gas (steps A2a-A2), and regeneration of the adsorbent by removing adsorbed N2 (steps A3a-A4).
The keys to the system are that the flow of gas through the circuit is always in series, whether in an adsorbing or regenerating step, and that the feed air is fed only to a single adsorber (A), and the residual waste air is vented from both adsorbers (A, B).
The flow of gas through the circuit is indicated in FIG. 2 by the bold line. An advancing adsorption front F develops in the chambers of the columns, as fancifully illustrated in FIG. 2. Fanciful indications of the concentration gradients of contaminant and product are shown by the black and white portions of FIG. 2.
During the adsorption step A1, air is introduced through line 3 into adsorber A with outlet valve 6 closed. The air is pressurized to a relatively high pressure (typically 40 psig). N2 is adsorbed onto the contained adsorbent under the pressurized condition. An increasing O2 concentration gradient and a decreasing N2 concentration gradient are formed and extend from the inlet 5 to outlet 8.
Simultaneously with adsorption in adsorber A, valves 10, 14 are open and the adsorber B and reservoir vessel C produce contained O2 -enriched product gas from a previous cycle.
In step A2a, co-current de-pressurization of adsorber A to an intermediate pressure is initiated. This is accomplished by opening valve 6 and closing valves 1 and 10. Production from adsorber B is therefore terminated and O2 -enriched product gas flows from adsorber A into adsorber B, to pressurize the latter. The adsorption front F advances into adsorber B.
In step A2, valve 10 is opened and de-pressurization of adsorber A is continued in conjunction with de-pressurization of adsorber B, by flow through reservoir vessel C and product line 15. The three units A, B and C become substantially equalized in pressure.
It will be noted that the adsorbers A, B have been depressurized sequentially, one unit at a time.
In step A3a, the valve 6 is closed and valve 2 is opened and the adsorber A is counter-currently vented through line 4 to atmosphere, to desorb N2. The adsorption front F begins to shift back toward the adsorber-inlet 5.
In step A3, valve 6 is opened and valve 10 is closed. As a result, the adsorber B now is also counter-currently vented to atmosphere through adsorber A and line 4.
It will be noted that the adsorbers A, B have been counter-currently vented sequentially and one at a time.
In step A4, the venting valve 2 is closed and the valve 10 is opened. The adsorbers A, B are therefore partly re-pressurized counter-currently with O2 -enriched product gas from the reservoir vessel C. The adsorption front F is moved closer to the inlet 5 of adsorber A.
The PSA cycle can be simplified by co-currently depressurizing both the first and second adsorbers A, B simultaneously and by counter-currently venting both adsorbers simultaneously instead of sequentially. This is accomplished by reducing the sequential timing, between performing steps A2a and A2 and between A3a and A3, to zero. This is equivalent to skipping steps A2a and A3a and sequentially performing steps A1, A2, A3 and A4 as shown in FIG. 1. This simplification reduces the number of process steps to four, from six, shortening the operating cycle period which can speed up the product gas production rate. However, product gas purity may be reduced somewhat by skipping the sequential de-pressurization steps.
The invention can be adapted to continuously treat feed gas 1 by adding another first stage adsorber D in parallel with the first stage adsorber A, as shown in FIG. 3. The second stage adsorber B and product vessel C are shared between the two first stage adsorbers A, D. Operation is alternated between columns A, B and C in series and columns D, B and C in series. Feed gas and residue vent valves 1,2, 17, 18 are provided for the adsorbers A, D forming the first stage. Outlet valves 6, 19 control the outlets 8, 20 of the adsorbers.
The process steps shown in FIG. 3 correspond to the steps shown in FIG. 1. While one first adsorber D undergoes the adsorption step D1 (equivalent to step A1 of FIG. 1), the other first adsorber A undergoes production and regeneration steps A2, A3 and A4 as detailed previously. Similarly, while first adsorber A undergoes the adsorption step A1, production and regeneration steps D2, D3 and D4 are performed for adsorber D.
The invention and the importance of its features are supported by the following examples.
In this example, the performances: for two different operational modes of the invention are provided. In a first test, a full six step cycle was performed in accordance with FIG. 2, sequentially staging the co-current de-pressurization steps and counter-current venting steps for each of first and second adsorbers, one at a time. In the second test, the first and second adsorbers were depressurized and vented simultaneously, therefore requiring only 4 steps per cycle, in accordance with the scheme illustrated in FIG. 1.
Making reference to FIG. 2 using a six step cycle, the co-current depressurization of the first adsorber A (step A2a) enables a beneficial short term pressurization of the second adsorber B. Characteristic of adsorbing processes, the adsorbing capacity of the adsorbent is improved by higher pressure, thus reducing the level of contaminant in the product gas issuing therefrom.
In the staged counter-current venting of the first adsorber A (step A3a), the pressure in the first adsorber is reduced to very low levels, prior to the sequential venting of the second adsorber B. This enables maximum expansion of the purging gas issuing from the second adsorber, providing large volume of purge gas for effective regeneration of the first adsorber A.
The subtle yet beneficial effects described above are more effective in the six step cycle than in the simplified four step cycle. The improved purity and recovery of the six step cycle are demonstrated as shown in Table 1. The disadvantage of the six step cycle appears in the production rate which is seen to drop correspondingly.
TABLE 1______________________________________Embodiments FIG. 1 (four step); FIG. 2 (six step)Column A B CID cm 3.2 3.2 6.0Length cm 23 23 23Adsorbent gram 140 140 480Pressure (Max) psig 65Six Step A1, A2a, A2, A3a, A3, A4 (10, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, seconds)Four Step A1, A2, A3, A4 (9, 3, 3, 3 seconds) Oxygen ProductPerformance Purity % Oxygen Recovery % Rate cc/minSix Step 92 37 450Four Step 89 36 508______________________________________
In this example, the performances for two embodiments of the invention are compared. In a first test, one first stage adsorber A was provided, as per FIG. 1, using a four step cycle. In a second test an additional first stage adsorber D was provided in parallel to adsorber A, as per FIG. 3. The adsorbers A, D were each used serially with the other columns B, C although the adsorbers A and D were used alternatively and independently of each other.
As shown in Table 2, the productivity results for the second test were roughly twice that achieved for the first test. Thus continuous feeding of air was accomplished and twice the clean product gas was produced having added only a single first adsorber in parallel and operating the other two columns in conjunction with each first adsorber in sequence.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Test 1 Test 2Embodiment FIG. 1 FIG. 3__________________________________________________________________________Column A B C A&D B CID cm 3.2 2.5 3.7 3.2 2.5 3.7Length cm 23 47 34 23 47 34Adsorbent gram 140 178 280 140 178 280Pressure (Max) psig 20 20Step A1 A2 A3 A4 A1 A2 A3 A4 D1 D2 D3 D4Step Interval s 16 4 8 4 16 4 8 4Performance (for 90% pure Oxygen product)O2 Recovery % 33 34Product Flow cc/min 94 200__________________________________________________________________________
In this example, the performance for the method of the invention portrayed in FIG. 3 was determined for the production of 90% oxygen for a variety of adsorption pressures and cycle periods. During the pressurization step, the feed air pressure required to pressurize the first stage adsorber increased gradually from a low level to the maximum value. Thus the air supply pressure needs not always be at the maximum level. The average pressure during the pressurization step is a more important parameter than the maximum pressure, because the former determines the air compression requirement of the process. Both the maximum and average pressures are shown in Table 3, which presents the corresponding test results.
TABLE 3______________________________________Stage First First Second ProductColumn A D B CID cm 4.45 4.45 2.85 3.75length cm 19.3 19.3 93 132Adsorbent gram 230 230 454 1120PerformanceMaximum AveragePressure pressure Overall Product OxygenFeed feed cycle flow recoverypsig psig s cc/min %______________________________________20 11 32 390 3540 22 32 800 4060 33 32 1230 4580 44 32 1550 5080 44 22 2000 43______________________________________
In this example, the advantage of providing a second adsorber in series is illustrated.
One test was performed by providing the three columns in series, in accordance with the present invention. A second test was performed by providing only the first adsorber and a product reservoir vessel in series. The second test is representative of the prior art PSA systems of Jones and Bansal, although they were operated according to the procedure of FIG. 1. Table 4 details the sizes of the columns and the performance of the systems.
TABLE 4______________________________________ Test 1 Test 2Embodiment FIG. 2 Prior Art______________________________________Column A B C A CID cm 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7Length cm 34 34 68 34 68Adsorbent gram 280 280 560 280 560Pressure psig 20 20(Max)Step Al A2 A3 A4 Al A2 A3 A4Step Interval s 12 4 4 4 12 4 4 4Performance (for 90% pure Oxygen product)O2 Recovery % 35.6 28.3Product Flow cc/min 350 253______________________________________
In this example, the method of the invention illustrated in FIG. 3 is compared to the multi-bed PSA system of Hiscock (U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,501) and the vacuum PSA system of Hirooka (U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,164). Comparable oxygen recoveries were experienced, however much improved productivity of oxygen product per unit of adsorbent was realized with significantly fewer demands for equipment. Table 5 illustrates the operational parameters, equipment requirements and the relative productivity of the method of the present invention and the prior art.
TABLE 5______________________________________ Invention Invention Prior Art Prior ArtEmbodiment FIG. 3 FIG. 3 Hiscock Hirooka______________________________________Adsorb Press psig 20 40 40 3.5Regen Press psig 0 0 0 -11# of valves 7 7 30 12Other Equip Vacuum pumpPerformanceProductivity, cc 0.9 1.9 0.26 0.7-1.0O2 /min per ccAdsorbentO2 Recovery % 45 52 49-53 45-59______________________________________ Note: a) Invention productivity based on the adsorbent contained within the first and second stages. b) Invention operated on a 32 second cycle. c) lnvention adsorption pressure is the average pressure in the first stage adsorber during the pressurization step
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 18, 1961
|Jul 28, 1964
|Exxon Research Engineering Co
|Pressure equalization depressuring in heatless adsorption
|Nov 10, 1958
|Nov 3, 1964
|Air Liquide
|Process for separating a binary gaseous mixture by adsorption
|Aug 9, 1967
|Mar 4, 1969
|Union Carbide Corp
|Selective adsorption process
|Dec 30, 1968
|Feb 23, 1971
|Union Carbide Corp
|Selective adsorption process
|Sep 19, 1969
|Nov 16, 1971
|Air Liquide
|Gas separation by adsorption
|Jan 4, 1971
|Jan 25, 1972
|Union Carbide Corp
|Selective adsorption gas separation process
|Jul 26, 1972
|Jan 29, 1974
|D Stahl
|Pressure equalization and purging system for heatless adsorption systems
|Oct 7, 1975
|Aug 10, 1976
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Air separation by adsorption
|Jun 20, 1975
|Aug 31, 1976
|William Clarence Walter
|Adsorptive process for selective separation of gases
|Feb 22, 1974
|Apr 5, 1977
|Bergwerksverband Gmbh
|Process and arrangement for the enrichment of gases
|Dec 19, 1975
|May 3, 1977
|Linde Aktiengesellschaft
|Adsorption system
|Dec 27, 1978
|Mar 25, 1980
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Multiple bed rapid pressure swing adsorption for oxygen
|Jun 26, 1978
|Mar 25, 1980
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Rapid pressure swing adsorption process with high enrichment factor
|Feb 1, 1977
|Nov 10, 1981
|Linde Aktiengesellschaft
|Adsorption process for the separation of gaseous mixtures
|Nov 9, 1979
|Feb 21, 1984
|Bergwerksverband Gmbh
|Adsorption-desorption process for the recovery of hydrogen
|Jul 23, 1984
|Feb 25, 1986
|Bergwerksverband Gmbh
|Nitrogen generator process for the production of low volumes of high purity nitrogen from compressed air
|Mar 19, 1986
|Mar 17, 1987
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Pressure swing adsorption process
|Apr 4, 1986
|Dec 29, 1987
|Calgon Carbon Corporation
|Auxiliary bed pressure swing adsorption molecular sieve
|Dec 9, 1986
|Mar 22, 1988
|Linde Aktiengesellschaft
|Pressure swing adsorption process
|Jul 15, 1988
|Jul 18, 1989
|The Boc Group, Plc
|Separation of gas mixtures
|Mar 22, 1989
|Jan 9, 1990
|Airsep Corporation
|Pressure swing adsorption process and system
|Jul 2, 1991
|Jun 16, 1992
|The Boc Group, Inc.
|Process for producing oxygen enriched product stream
|Mar 13, 1978
|Mar 20, 1979
|Petrocarbon Developments Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for separating gases
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 22, 1995
|Jan 27, 1998
|Praxair Technology, Inc.
|Oxygen recovery pressure swing adsorption process
|Jul 24, 1998
|Dec 7, 1999
|The Boc Group, Inc.
|Single vessel gas adsorption system and process
|Nov 14, 1997
|Apr 18, 2000
|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Process for the separation of gaseous mixtures by adsorption with pressure variation
|Nov 25, 1998
|Nov 14, 2000
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Oxygen generation process and system using single adsorber and single blower
|Dec 14, 2001
|Apr 15, 2004
|Toshihiko Sumida
|Method and device for separating object gas
|Nov 7, 1997
|May 20, 1998
|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Method and installation for the separation of a gas mixtureby pressure swing adsorption
|Dec 14, 2001
|Oct 22, 2003
|Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.
|Method and device for separating object gas
|Dec 14, 2001
|Sep 15, 2004
|Sumitomo Seika Chemicals
|Method and device for separating object gas
|Feb 23, 2006
|Jul 30, 2008
|Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation
|Pressure fluctuation adsorption method and apparatus
|Feb 23, 2006
|Mar 10, 2010
|Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp
|Pressure fluctuation adsorption method and apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|95/100, 95/103, 95/105, 95/130
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 8, 1994
Owner name: ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCIL, CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PAN, CHUEN Y.;REEL/FRAME:006873/0936
Effective date: 19930927
|Sep 29, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
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Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 24, 2006
Owner name: ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCIL INC., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCIL;REEL/FRAME:017207/0339
Effective date: 20000323
|Oct 19, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 4, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 29, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070404


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Acidity with stomach pain
Im having severe acidity all the time. Whenever m eating my whole chest is burning. Im also having a burning sensation inside my right flank near pelvis followed by severe pain. Also my urine and stool burns a lot. The stool is very loose and dark brown to maroon in colour. These symptoms come and go, depending on my food intake. My ct scan and usg pelvis are normal although one gastroentrologist said one of my lymph node was 1.2 mm or cm i dont remember. I hope its not cancer or ulcer. Kindly suggeat me whom should i consult now.
Answers (2)
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Hello there. I can understand your concern. You need to make some diet changes also. Instead of having three huge meals, have 5 smaller meals a day. Drink plenty of water. Avoid oily and spicy foods. 40 minutes walking everyday. Tab. Pantakind once a day half an hour before food for 10 days. Avoid smoking/alcohol/tea/coffee and other carbonated beverages. Best regards. Dr. Anil kumar jain. Bangalore.
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Venkat Raghav
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Hello... Gastritis is the most commonly seen problem these days .. Medicines can only give temporary relief.. Strict diet and lifestyle change can bring gastritis under control. Take curdrice ,drink plenty of water , have frequent small meals instead of large regular meals.Sleep 2-3 hours after having dinner . Avoid spicy, hot ,high protein containing foods like fish
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Osiris NYC83 VLC Skate Shoe - Men's - $41.22
Throw on your Osiris NYC83 VLC Skate Shoes when you want lightweight shoes that will keep you and your board really feeling each other. Vulcanized construction gives you durability and virtually glues you to the deck, so it\\357\\277\\275s easier to coax more response out of your board. Light padding in the collars and tongues bump up the comfort factor, so whether you are shredding for your life or just walking to class, your feet will be feeling good. - $41.22


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Email EtiquetteMarshall Cavendish International (Asia) Ptd Ltd 2009; US$ 12.80
E-mail is one of the greatest inventions of our lifetime phenomenally affecting the way we communicate. Reading, writing and managing e-mail is taking up an increasing amount of our time. But are we using it right? E-mail can be used to stay in touch whether we are traveling or working from home. Perhaps we can relax standards when it comes to personal... more...
The Six Immutable Laws of Mobile BusinessWiley 2010; US$ 60.00 US$ 52.00
Valuable lessons from Japan's mobile industry yield 6 Immutable Laws for Mobile Business globally Japan's mobile customers enjoyed better mobile devices, more content, and the most advanced functionality and services for the last 10+ years. This book helps cut through the many myths and all of the hype surrounding Japan's mobile... more...
Informe sobre la situación mundial de la seguridad vialWorld Health Organization 2009; US$ 40.00
Cada a�o mueren en todo el mundo aproximadamente 1,3 millones de personas en las carreteras, y entre 20 y 50 millones sufren traumatismos no mortales. Aunque muchos pa�ses han empezado a aplicar medidas de seguridad vial, esta no hab�a sido objeto hasta ahora de una evaluaci�n global que permitiera medir los progresos a lo largo del tiempo. El Informe... more...
Heightening Competition in the Postal and Delivery SectorEdward Elgar Publishing 2010; US$ 40.00
A compilation of original essays by an international cast of scholars that addresses some of the major issues facing postal and delivery services throughout the world. It analyzes pressing issues such as access to infrastructure and service elements in the postal sector, and forecasting mail volumes and the evolving market environment. more...
Performance-based Standards for the Road SectorOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2005; US$ 33.00
This report examines existing regulatory approaches and then explores how performance standards might be used to improve regulatory outcomes. Under a performance-based approach to regulation, standards would specify the performance required from vehicle operations rather than mandating how this level of performance is to be achieved. More flexible... more...
Statistical Report on Road Accidents 2001Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2001; US$ 37.00
The Statistical Report on Road Accidents records trends in road accidents statistics for the period 1997-1998 in ECMT Member countries, 5 associate Member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) and one observer country (Morocco). It provides data on the trends from 1985 to 1998 in these countries, individually and as... more...
Bus Systems for the FutureOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2002; US$ 100.00
Cities around the world face enormous problems of transport sustainability. Rapidly increasing populations and vehicle usage have created gridlock and sprawl, even in very poor cities, as well as unacceptably high levels of air pollution, noise, and accident rates. But improvements can be made. This book explores how the provision of better bus services... more...
Safety on RoadsOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2002; US$ 42.00
Approximately 125 000 people die every year on the roads of OECD countries. In other words, one road crash victim dies every four minutes. The real tragedy is that, to a large extent, these crashes and the resultant deaths and injuries could be prevented. The argument for road safety investment is not simply an emotional one. Road crashes represent... more...
Safety in Road Traffic for Vulnerable UsersOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2000; US$ 51.00
Between 1997 and 1999 the ECMT issued three reports and three resolutions on safety in road traffic for vulnerable users, namely cyclists, pedestrians and users of two-wheeled motorised vehicles (mopeds and motorcycles). These studies form part of a wider area of review which, in addition to road safety itself, takes into account the demographic trend... more...
Short Sea Shipping in EuropeOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2001; US$ 33.00
For some years now, short sea shipping (SSS) has benefited from a number of government initiatives aimed at promoting its development. The aim has been to promote a more balanced modal split in transport in Europe while also reducing the impact of transport on the environment, ensuring greater European cohesion and promoting a sustainable transport... more...


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Walk to stomp out Alzheimer's
A Moment in My Mind, an effort to raise awareness for Alzheimer's Disease, will be held at the G.W. Henderson Rec Center on Saturday.
Sign up will begin at 8 a.m. with a 5K Run/Walk to follow at 9 a.m. Prizes will be awarded to females and males in seven age divisions.
Latest News
Local History: Death on the River, Parts 1 and 2 This week continues a...
Ratings go up for Tunica, North Tunica fire departments Good news for local...
TA track team wins meet Read more
Tunica's transformation deepened in 2002 "The heritage you have...
Bringing Awareness Tunica County Community...
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We are going to be honest; wedding videography is either one of the last items you think about or is just not budget friendly. Most brides, when looking for a company to provide this service, find two extremes. The video production company is either professional and expensive or affordable and looks like a family member or friend did it with a home camera. That is why we are different. We combine professional, experienced wedding videography with budget friendly prices. Here is an overview of what you can expect from us.
One or Two Camera Packages,
HD Cameras,
Wireless microphone audio for ceremony,
Incorporation of wedding photography with permission from your photographer,
Customized template design for post-production editing,
Customized DVD authoring,
3 SD DVDs,
Additional services including digital copies, slideshows and much more.
To request a demo and pricing of our wedding packages, please contact us.
Ready to book? Have questions?
Send a direct message here.
Copyright © 2001-2017 OneWed Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2001-2017 OneWed Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
EUR/USD: ECB fired its bazooka (video)
By Elizaveta Belugina
EUR/USD had a terrible week as it lost about 170 pips. The pair closed at $1.2950 after hitting $1.2920.
Euro was crushed the European Central Bank: despite expectations that it would stay on hold in September, the ECB lowered its benchmark and deposit rates. As the Wall Street Journal puts it, the ECB has entered a global currency war. The central bank wants to increase its balance sheet by 1 trillion euro through fresh loans – TLTROs – and asset-backed securities purchases (ABS) which aim to decrease euro and increase inflation.
The ECB and the Fed clearly are on the diverging tracks. There are forecasts that, if the Fed becomes more hawkish while the ECB balance sheet is expanding, the single currency could fall towards $1.20. However, such scenario is a subject to 2 risks. One risk is that the ECB won't manage to buy enough ABS and covered bonds failing to increase its balance sheet enough. Another risk is that US economic performance will deteriorate and the Fed will delay hiking rates. Lower August Non-Farm Payrolls data have shown that there are reasons to believe that the US economic recovery is not sustainable yet. As for the euro area, it's now up to counties like France and Italy to conduct structural reforms needed to boost growth potential, because until these nations are out of the woods, the euro area will keep having serious economic problems.
Let's now move to the forecasts for the new week. Consensus projections anticipate better German trade balance and the euro zone's industrial production, though French industrial production is expected to contract. Note that traders will be likely focused on assessing the news from the ECB and the US NFP, and it's obvious that there are much more bearish factors for the single currency.
Now have a look at the chart. The big bearish candle is a powerful signal that the downtrend is firmly in place. The next targets are at $1.2790 (61.8% Fibo retracement of the advance from 2012) and $1.2750. Given the oversold nature of euro we'd allow correction to $1.3050 which should be a good place to add to short positions. The pair should be capped by $1.3150.


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Where every new user of StruCalc should start. A brief overview of the newest interface by software developer Adam Wilson.
StruCalc 10 Features
StruCalc 10.0 is the latest release of the StruCalc design software. Watch this video to get an in depth look at the new features that have been added.
StruCalc 10.0 Main Features
StruCalc 10.0 is the latest version of the easy to use structural analysis software tool that aids in the analysis and design of beams, columns, footings, collar ties and walls using wood, steel and manufactured lumber.
Uniformly Loaded Floor Beam
StruCalc Uniformly Loaded Floor Beam Module
Roof Beam
StruCalc Roof Beam Module
Combination Roof and Floor Beam
StruCalc Combination Roof and Floor Beam Module
Multi Loaded Multi Span Beam
StruCalc Multi Loaded Multi Span Beam Module
Multi Span Floor Beam
StruCalc Multi Span Floor Beam Module
Multi Span Roof Beam
StruCalc Multi Span Roof Beam Module
Floor Joist
StruCalc Floor Joist Module
Roof Rafter
StruCalc Roof Rafter
Column Module
The StruCalc Column Module


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A girl with the potential to become fat. She might not necessarily become fat, but this may only be avoided by exercising a dedicated effort to avoid as such.
I was going to take her out, but she has major fattential and I don't want to end up with a fat chick.
by angstd April 17, 2009


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Screwdriver, Square, #2x4 In, Round
KLEIN TOOLS| Zoro #: G2304854| Mfr #: 662
Zoro #: G2304854Mfr. Part #: 662
$8.00 /ea
Orders over $50.00 ship free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G2304854 Mfr #: 662
|Shank Material: Steel
|Handle Design: Cushion Grip
|Tether Capable: Standard Tool (Accessory Needed for Tethering)
|Finish: Chrome
|Standards: ASME, ANSI
|Item: Screwdriver
|Tip Size: #2
|Shank Length: 4"
|Shank Shape: Round
|Overall Length: 8-1/4"
|Finish: Chrome
|Features: Tip ID on Handle
|Tip Style Group: Square
|Handle Material: Acetate with Rubber Grip
|Tip Style: Robertson Square Recess
|Country of Origin (subject to change): United States
Product Description
Screwdriver, Handle Material Acetate with Rubber Grip, Tip Style Group Square, Tip Style Robertson Square Recess, Tip Size #2, Shank Length 4 In., Standard Tool (Accessory Needed for Tethering), Handle Design Cushion Grip, Round Shank Shape, Shank Material Steel, Chrome Finish, Overall Length 8-1/4 In., Features Tip ID on Handle, Standards ASME, ANSI
Restrictions and Compliance
- *1 : California Proposition 65 : This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
- *2 : California Proposition 65 : This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.


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Teachers union fails Boston children
A door stays shut
On a hot June day in 1963, Alabama Gov. George Wallace famously stood in the schoolhouse door and tried to block qualified African-American students from enrolling at the state's public university. That evening, President John F. Kennedy went on television and told the nation that civil rights is a moral issue as old as the Scriptures and as clear as the American Constitution.
Nearly half a century later, it is Boston Teachers Union (BTU) chief Richard Stutman who stands between poor and minority students and the educational opportunity that is their right.
|The article you requested has been archived


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- "Images Courtesy of Dr. Jays"
"Urban Fashion-Twist" has a "Twist" and gives you both a "Street" & "Sexy" option to best fit you, your style, where you're going, and etc. I found these fashionable finds that makes a fashionably look! "Sexy" with affordable Betsey Johnson "Be Mine 4 Ever" Satchel, a glitz and galmour XOXO "Janelle " Dress, and a pair of Fashion Lab "Calista" Boot! Ladies, would you wear this?


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Garden Design for Under $100
For less than $100, you can add color, shape and vibrancy to your garden or yard. Try these tips.
Photo By: Photo courtesy of Sally Lanigan with University of Florida/IFAS
Photo By: Photo courtesy of National Garden Bureau
Photo By: Photo courtesy of National Garden Bureau
Photo By: Photo courtesy of National Garden Bureau
Photo By: Photo by Angela West
Photo By: Photo courtesy of Sheri Dorn
Photo By: Photo courtesy of Sheri Dorn
©2011, Dorling Kindersley Limited
Photo By: Photo courtesy of Sally Lanigan with University of Florida/IFAS
Photo By: Image courtesy of True Temper
Photo By: Photo courtesy of National Garden Bureau
Photo By: Photo courtesy of National Garden Bureau
©2011, Dorling Kindersley Limited
Photo By: Photo by Lori Johnston
Find a Focus
Even if your front or backyard is large, pick one area to work on, such as the base of the driveway. Plant a combination of annuals and perennials and use the remainder of your $100 budget for soil.
Maintain What You Have
With your $100, consider hiring a professional to spend a couple of hours pruning and trimming, or to add to your maintenance efforts in the garden. Pruning can help create long-lasting, vibrant plants and add shape, color and definition to your garden. For an idea of when to prune, here's a month-by-month calendar by Walter Reeves, known as The Georgia Gardener.
Add Interest with a Planter
Splurge on a ceramic planter to add an eye-catching element to your garden or front entryway, even if the plants aren't expensive. This one is filled with dahlias.
Make Over Your Mailbox
You can pack a punch by updating the often-ignored area around your mailbox. In addition to planting new flowers and spreading mulch, it's a spot for whimsical or other design, such as turning an old wheelbarrow into a planter.
Burst of Color
Fill a corner of your yard with sunshine. Black-eyed Susan, which typically blooms from June to September, requires little maintenance and is drought and heat tolerant. Since it can grow to 3 feet, it can make a big impact.
Install a Soaker Hose
Tucking a soaker hose underneath and amid mulch can help keep soil moist with steady watering.
Choose a Containerized Tree
Invest in one signature item, such as a containerized tree. An 8- to 10-gallon tree could fit into your $100 or less budget, says Sheri Dorn, extension horticulturist, consumer ornamentals at the University of Georgia and coordinator, Georgia Master Gardener Extension Volunteer Program.
Potted Lemon Tree Yields Fresh Citrus
Potted lemon trees grow well outside in the summer in a decorative container large enough to support their root growth. Make sure they stay watered and bring them indoors when the weather turns cooler.
Carve Out a Walkway
Materials such as mulch, wood chips and crushed stone can create an inexpensive pathway or offset an intimate area in your garden.
A Set of Tools
If you're new to gardening or a longtime gardener, consider investing in two key gardening tools - a set of loppers (such as the Bypass Loppers from True Temper) and a hand pruner. The pair should cost less than $100.
Windowsill Vegetable Garden
Sometimes budget and space are both tight. If you are interested in gardening, but have a $100-or-less budget and limited outdoor space, consider growing herbs and vegetables in a windowbox.
Living Wall
Vertical gardening comes in many forms - and costs - these days. Assemble a trio of wall plants to start small, but realize the sky's the limit.
Decorative Mulch Ideal for Pots and Containers
Decorative mulch, such as colored glass, chips and crushed seashells, are ideal for pots and containers. They reduce weeds and conserve moisture.
Add Garden Art
A couple pieces of yard art, such as these cute signs, can create conversation in your yard and simply put a smile on your face. There are many affordable options for finding art now, through retailers, online marketplaces such as Etsy.com, antique shops and thrift stores, and arts and crafts fairs.


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With five minutes remaining in regulation, it seemed as if the Collins girls' basketball team would cruise to its second consecutive 30th District Championship game.
The Titans (18-12) held a nine-point lead over the visiting Bears (19-11) at home, 43-34, and were having no trouble getting to the rim, or knocking down outside shots.
But Spencer County had other ideas on the way to a 50-47 upset.
In a win-or-go-home game for both Shelby and Collins boys' basketball teams, Titans' senior forward Charlie Cochran once again stepped up when called upon.
With 61 seconds left in regulation and Collins clinging to a 47-46 lead, the team needed a basket to give itself some breathing room against a red-hot Rockets' squad.
The Shelby County girls' basketball had its season ended, 49-26, at the hands of Anderson County on Tuesday night in the opening round of the 30th District Tournament.
The Bearcats (23-7) used a stifling press defense throughout the entire game to trap Shelby's ball-handlers and force numerous turnovers.
"On the offensive end their [Anderson's] pressure of course bothers you," Rockets coach Jason Holland said. "But we also didn't shoot the ball very well, and some of that is on us."
While Saturday night's matchup between the Collins girls' basketball team and Boyle County counted for little outside of wins and losses, the game went a long way in preparing the Titans for the upcoming 30th District Tournament.
With a matchup against Spencer County on the docket for tonight, coach Sean Pigman was determined to get his team into action against a top-tier guard.
Boyle (16-13) was ready to oblige with Utah State commit Emmie Harris.
A white-hot shooting night for Christian Academy-Louisville from behind the arc led to the Collins boys' basketball team taking a tough loss Friday.
The Centurions (21-9) drained eight of 14 attempts from deep, 57 percent, for the game.
CAL also rode point guard Michael Woodward late, as Woodward finished the night a perfect 7-of-7 from the field, including nine points from behind the arc and five points in the final four minutes of regulation.
The Shelby County boys' basketball team got a complete performance on both sides of the ball to close out its regular season with a win at Gallatin County on Thursday.
The Rockets (7-21) logged four players in double-figures scoring, holding on to defeat the Wildcats (17-12) 58-52.
T.J. Robinson led SCHS with 16 points, while Jordan Armstrong and Tre' Stalnaker each chipped in 13.
For three-and-a-half quarters, it looked as if the Shelby County boys' basketball team was going to pull off an upset of DeSales on Senior Night.
The Rockets (6-21) had held the visitors to just three baskets from behind the arc on 16 attempts, and was tied with the Colts (17-10) at 42 with less than six minutes to play.
But a late push led by guard Jaxson Burgess lifted DeSales past SCHS, 63-54.
It didn't take long for the Collins girls' basketball team to take the lead over Central Hardin on Tuesday night, and the team kept that momentum up for a full 32 minutes.
The Titans (18-11) jumped out to an 11-0 lead in just two minutes, and never looked back, stomping the Bruins (13-13) by a final score of 47-26.
Collins' dominance on Tuesday was not overly flashy; opting for a slower, more methodical pace on offense, combined with immense pressure on the defensive end.
Following Shelby County's 52-34 win at Ballard on Tuesday night, Rockets' head coach Jason Holland was not happy with his team.
Despite the 18 points separating his team and the Bruins (8-15), the coach found many flaws in his team's final regular season performance.
Both the Shelby County and Collins swim teams will send athletes to the State Meet for the second consecutive season.
The Rockets and Titans each competed well at the 6th Region swim meet held at Woodford County High School in Versailles.
"The teams swam awesome," coach Tom Coons said. "We had sixty-nine personal best times in sevnty-seven swims. I am very pleased with everyone's performances."
Copyright © 2017
The Sentinel-News is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Shelby County and Shelbyville, KY, and the surrounding area.


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Four major record labels have asked the Stockholm district court to order file-sharing website The Pirate Bay to remove links to their music.
The petition by the Swedish units of Universal, EMI, Sony and Warner Music comes a month after four men behind the site were sentenced to a year each in prison for helping users download copyright protected material.
That ruling was appealed and the website is still running.
The petition asked for a court-imposed order that would force the operators of Pirate Bay to stop the swapping of hundreds of copyright protected albums through the site or face fines.
The defendants - Gottfrid Svartholm Warg, Peter Sunde, Fredrik Neij and Carl Lundstrom - already were ordered to pay 30 million kronor ($5.9 million) in damages to entertainment companies in the trial.
Sunde, who is the Pirate Bay's spokesman, has said they cannot and will not pay that money.
On Tuesday he questioned whether a Swedish court could issue an order to remove the material because the site's servers aren't located in Sweden.
"Last time I checked the district court couldn't decide about anything that is outside Sweden," he said. "If they approve to this I will lose even more confidence in the Swedish judicial system."
Lawyers representing the music companies declined to comment.
With an estimated 22 million users, The Pirate Bay has become the entertainment industry's enemy No. 1 after successful court actions against file-sharing sites such as Grokster and Kazaa.Reuse content


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Surprise your friends! Astonish your family! With Pimsleur, you'll be speaking and understanding like a native in no time. 30 minutes a day is all it takes. Korean Phase 1, Units 6-10 build on material taught in prior units. Each lesson provides 30 minutes of spoken language practice, with an introductory conversation, and new vocabulary and structures. Detailed instructions enable you to understand and participate in the conversation. Each lesson contains practice for vocabulary introduced in previous lessons. The emphasis is on pronunciation and comprehension, and on learning to speak Korean.
©2005 Simon & Schuster (P)2005 Simon & Schuster
"Pimsleur programs provide plenty of positive reinforcement that will keep learners on track, and we found that Pimsleur gave us more proficiency and confidence in speaking the new language than any of the other language programs we reviewed." (AudioFile magazine)
"Repetitive review"
I need constant repetition to remember anything and this works great for me setting the pace. It is easy to pracice while on a long commute to and fro work.
"It seemed useful until I tried to use it."
I listened to and pacticed a bunch of the phrases, but when I got Korea and tried to use them, I found the expressions to be way too formal and not the way people actually spoke. Think of the way you'd talk to the president, or your boss at an interview. A lot of people were put off by the formality of the expressions when I used them. After I have studied Korean more formally in a classroom did I get a better understanding of the expressions being taught by pimsleur. If all you're looking for is some survival phrases check out some videos on YouTube like talk to me in Korean, or something along those lines. If you want to actually learn Korean well you should invest in an actual class. It's very important to learn to read Korean in order to understand proper pronunciation. If I still lived in America I would try to find a community college that taught it. It's difficult for me to find good classes for English speakers here in Korea. The classes I take now are online, through Korean digital academy. Good luck!
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Love So Amazing TODAY'S SCRIPTURE: "Not height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation will be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." (Romans 8:39, AMP) TODAY'S WORD: Nothing can ever separate you from the love of God! […]
Tag Archives | Affiliate Marketing
Love So Amazing
4 Ways To Reignite The Passion For Your Business
4 Ways To Reignite The Passion For Your Business Being a Network Marketer can look pretty darn attractive on the company presentation, but it often isn't all sunshine and rainbows when you get right into it….especially when you are starting out. I just finished listening to "Crush It" by Gary Vaynerchuk. I'm always looking for […]
While You're Working on Your Goals, God Is Working on You
While You're Working on Your Goals, God Is Working on You "I have not yet reached my goal, and I am not perfect. But Christ has taken hold of me. So I keep on running and struggling to take hold of the prize." (Philippians 3:12 CEV) Yesterday we talked about the reasons why you need […]
The Importance of Understanding God's Love
The Importance of Understanding God's Love He Loves You "For God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life." (John 3:16 NLT) God loves you so much that he sent Jesus on a mission of love […]
Make Love Your Life Purpose
Make Love Your Life Purpose "Love is more important than anything else. It is what ties everything completely together." Colossians 3:14 (CEV) Do you want to know how to best spend your life? Here it is: The best use of your life is love. God says you need to make learning how to love your […]
God-Given Dreams
God-Given Dreams TODAY'S SCRIPTURE: "A man's mind plans his way [as he journeys through life], but the Lord directs his steps and establishes them." Proverbs 16:9, AMP Please Share This:
Living in Love
Living in Love Look for the Best in Each Other Please Share This:
Don't Settle Where You Are
Don't Settle Where You Are TODAY'S SCRIPTURE: "…No eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no mind has imagined what God has prepared for those who love him." (1 Corinthians 2:9, NLT). TODAY'S WORD: God did not create you to live a little life with little dreams, little goals, little passion, little influence, […]
You Are God's Masterpiece
You Are God's Masterpiece "We are God's masterpiece. He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us long ago." (Ephesians 2:10 NLT) The reason you have value is because of what God says about you, not because of what other people say about you. Many […]
Faith & Grace: Working Together
Faith & Grace: Working Together For it is by free grace (God's unmerited favor) that you are saved (delivered from judgment and made partakers of Christ's salvation) through [your] faith. And this [salvation] is not of yourselves [of your own doing, it came not through your own striving], but it is the gift of God.—Ephesians 2:8 […]
Zig Ziglar See You at the Top:
Zig Ziglar See You at the Top: Personal development legend Zig Ziglar passed away after a short bout with pneumonia. His decades of being a speaker and author of over 29 books have touched millions of lives. Join us in our celebration of his life by posting your favorite Zig Ziglar quotes. Zig Ziglar passed […]
How to Share His Love Through Your Story
How to Share His Love Through Your Story Many people who win at a lot of sports naturally have a lot of trophies, which they proudly display on the fireplace mantles in their homes. These trophies represent to the world the athletes they are and what they've accomplished. As a child of God, you're a […]
Let Your Love Grow
Let Your Love Grow TODAY'S SCRIPTURE: We ought always to thank God for you, brothers and sisters, and rightly so, because your faith is growing more and more, and the love all of you have for one another is increasing. 2 Thessalonians 1:3, NIV. TODAY'S WORD: God's desire is to see you grow and increase […]
How to Unleash God's Power of Breakthrough in Your Life
How to Unleash God's Power of Breakthrough in Your Life Are you facing a difficult or even an impossible situation right now? Perhaps you're facing a major barrier and you feel stuck. It could be a relationship, an addiction, a lie you believe, a painful event, or a difficult work environment. Regardless of what it […]
Your Appointed Time
Your Appointed Time TODAY'S SCRIPTURE: "For the vision is yet for an appointed time…though it tarry, wait for it…" Habakkuk 2:3, KJV TODAY'S WORD: God has an appointed time to fulfill the dreams and desires in your heart. Just because it has taken a long time or because you've tried and failed doesn't mean it's […]
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Add To Favorites In PHR
In asthma, the airways that carry air to the lungs (bronchial tubes) are inflamed. This can narrow the airways, causing shortness of breath and making it difficult to breathe.
ByHealthwise StaffPrimary Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal MedicineAdam Husney, MD - Family MedicineSpecialist Medical ReviewerRohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
Current as ofMay 23, 2016
Current as of: May 23, 2016
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Rohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org.
© 1995-2017 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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Debela Tesfaye joins ARG-tech
We are delighted to welcome Debela Tesfaye to the ARG-tech team. Debela joins us from the University of Addis Ababa where he worked remotely with Michael Zock and others on meronyms, synonyms and other syntactic and semantic relations. He will be working as a PhD student on the topic of argument mining.Read More »
Members of the Centre are delighted to be contributing to tutorials not only at both IJCAI 2016 in New York and, a couple of weeks later, at ACL 2016 in Berlin, but also, next year, at ESSLLI 2017 in Toulouse. Katarzyna Budzynska delivered a tutorial on Argument Mining at IJCAI 2016 on 11 July 2016 […]Read More »
The Centre for Argument Technology has just won £700k from EPSRC towards a £1.1m project focusing on Argument Mining in partnership with IBM and a local SME. The project will run for four years until the end of 2019 and will have several new posts associated with it, the advertisements for which are now available. […]Read More »
OVA provides a drag-and-drop interface for analysing textual arguments. It is reminiscent of a streamlined Araucaria, except that it is designed to work with web pages, and in a browser rather than requiring local installation. It also natively handles AIF structures, and supports real-time collaborative analysis. The public release of OVA2 is now available, and a user […]Read More »


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This PayPal (paypal.com) review is intended primarily for small business owners who accept credit card payments on a regular basis and for any new businesses that will need to accept credit cards. Due to this focus, the content of this review will cover the factors that are most important to merchants who are interested in using PayPal for the purpose of accepting credit card payments from their customers.
PayPal began as a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay, where it was heavily used for payments between buyers and sellers of eBay auctions. In mid-2015, PayPal split off from eBay to become its own independent company. The service is one of the most accessible electronic payment methods in the industry because it allows anyone with an email address to sign up to send and receive payments from other individuals. Additionally, PayPal has a "merchant services" division that allows businesses of all sizes to accept credit card payments, much like a normal merchant account.
PayPal is unlike traditional credit card processors because merchants cannot use PayPal with typical credit card processing equipment. Instead, PayPal offers several other services including shopping cart integration, "buy now" buttons, and donation buttons that are primarily targeted towards merchants with an online presence. The company also offers a virtual terminal with an optional credit card reader that plugs into the USB port of most computers. The virtual terminal allows merchants to enter credit card data themselves to use PayPal much like a traditional merchant account. Additionally, PayPal has introduced a mobile payment app and card reader dubbed "PayPal Here" that allow anyone with a compatible smartphone to accept credit card payments.
One important difference between PayPal and a merchant account supplied by a credit card processor is that merchants must request the transfer of funds from their PayPal accounts to their bank accounts. Typically, most merchant account providers transfer the money to their merchants' bank accounts as "batches" automatically within 48 hours of the close of a business day. PayPal also offers payments by check and a debit card that can be used for purchases or withdrawing money from an ATM.
PayPal recently settled a class-action lawsuit by the name of Zepeda v. PayPal. As a condition of the settlement, PayPal has agreed to make payments to the plaintiff class. Here is some information from the Zepeda v. PayPal settlement claim website:
The Settlement resolves a lawsuit in which Plaintiffs allege that PayPal improperly handled disputed transactions on PayPal accounts and improperly placed holds and reserves on accounts or closed or suspended accounts. Plaintiffs also allege that PayPal failed to provide annual error-resolution notices and monthly account statements under the Electronic Fund Transfer Act.
You are part of the Settlement if you had an active PayPal account between April 19, 2006 and November 5, 2015.
You are part of the Settlement and also may be eligible to submit a Claim for a cash payment if you had a hold or reserve placed on your account and/or your account was closed or suspended by PayPal between April 19, 2006 and November 5, 2015.
Affected merchants should visit the settlement website for full instructions on how to file a claim.


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The National Qualified Health Plan Enrollee Satisfaction Survey - Confidential and Important
Here's your chance to help your health insurance provider serve you better
There is an ongoing national effort to better understand the needs of health insurance customers. As part of that effort, you may soon be receiving a survey about the care you received as part of your health plan. The survey, developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS), will be mailed to randomly selected HAP Qualified Health Plan (QHP) participants from research firm The Myers Group (TMG). If you receive the survey, your participation is very important because you will have the opportunity to share your views about your HAP plan and enhance the decision making process for future QHP buyers. Here are some highlights of the survey:
- The survey will be sent via postal mail to randomly selected Qualified Health Plan members
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- Please complete the online survey, or return the completed mail survey, as soon as possible
Your participation is voluntary and completely confidential
- Your participation in the QHP Satisfaction Survey is voluntary and private
- No one at HAP will see your survey answers
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The mission of KSDS Assistance Dogs, Inc. is to provide professionally trained guide, service and facility dogs for people in need of a canine partner to enhance their independence, to fully function in society and or to enrich their professional career responsibilities with the ongoing support of our trainers to ensure proficient working partnerships.
KSDS was incorporated as Kansas Specialty Dog Service in January 1990 by a committee of Kansas 4-H families to fill the void of accessibility to service and guide dogs in the Midwest. With a one-time $500,000 in start-up funding from the State of Kansas and additional support from donors, KSDS now includes a state-of-the art kennel, modern year-round training facility, an administrative building, an accessible housing duplex and sixplex, agility center, and a newly renovated training building.
Annette states, " Returning to KSDS has always been my goal. I am excited and blessed to be back working and reconnecting with Graduates and Puppy Raisers. I enjoy the opportunity to make a positive difference in the lives of people with disabilities through highly trained canines."
Indirect Public Support HelpIndirect public support represents revenue received through solicitation campaigns. This includes funding United Way and other federated fundraising organizations, but does not include donor designated contributions.
Earned Revenue HelpEarned revenue represents income generated in direct exchange for a product or service.Earned income includes income from government contracts.
Imagine dropping an item on the floor from your wheelchair and constantly needing to have a caregiver or parent pick it up for you. Consider what it's like to have people walk by you and not look at you or acknowledge you let alone talk to you. Now add a professionally trained canine partner to the mix and you have a completely different experience. The opportunities facing our organization are the commitment of graduating more teams and providing a greater degree of independence and acceptance for individuals who are visually or physically disabled. Recently our facility dog program expanded to include courthouse dogs. These canines are specifically trained to help people who have experienced the trauma of violent crimes. They provide a furry body to hold and cry into and they never judge you. Their unconditional love and calm demeanor helps these children and adults share their experience, testify in court, and often find that allusive peace that is needed for healing.
A great challenge for KSDS Assistance Dogs, Inc. is increasing the number of puppies we place. Our waiting lists are too long. Currently, there is a two to three year wait for a guide or facility dog, and a three to four year wait for a service dog. KSDS utilizes our own breeding program, and our greatest challenge is to provide enough dogs to meet the need, thus avoiding a long wait for the applicant. Our breeding program consists of black and yellow Labrador and golden retrievers. We monitor the genetics of our breeding stock to eliminate common canine health problems such as hip and elbow dysplasia, cataracts, and heart problems. KSDS recognizes that we need to place both a healthy and well trained dog with individuals who are experiencing their own health problems. Thus, we do not use shelter dogs because of the lack of health background information that includes three to four generations of data.
To meet the need for more dogs, we have concentrated the last eighteen months on acquiring more breeding stock and in turn, increasing the number of puppies we place. We only breed our dogs to meet the needs of the three assistance dogs programs we offer (purposed breeding). The breeding goals are to produce dogs that are structurally sound so as to provide support for a person with balancing issues and/or to be capable of pulling a wheelchair. A second goal is to provide dogs that want to work and are temperamentally fit to artfully deal with a variety of sounds, smells, and other distractions.
As an accredited member of Assistance Dogs International (ADI), we adhere to the high standards of training as set forth in the ADI guidelines. We are active members of the ABC Breeding consortium and have benefitted by receiving excellent breeding stock with proven genetic profiles.
In the service industry, the challenges and opportunities abound, and KSDS is no different. KSDS is a debt free organization with a campus consisting of eight buildings that include canine housing units, training buildings, tornado shelters and ADA approved housing. In addition, KSDS is one of the few nonprofit organizations to give their dogs to their new partners FREE. Since we rely heavily on donations, our challenge is to remain financially stable at a time when the economy is depressed. Our approach to solving this issue includes making conservative budget decisions, developing a variety of fund raising strategies, and consulting with a capital campaign fund raising group for advice.
We believe with all our hearts that we are making a difference in this world one puppy at a time, and we are committed to continuing this effort for another 25 years.
Greater Kansas City Community Foundation
1055 Broadway Blvd., Suite 130, Kansas City, Missouri 64105
816.842.0388 | email@example.com
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Applications of internal translating mass technologies to smart weapons systems
Rogers, Jonathan
MetadataShow full item record
The field of guided projectile research has continually grown over the past several decades. Guided projectiles, typically encompassing bullets, mortars, and artillery shells, incorporate some sort of guidance and control mechanism to generate trajectory alterations. This serves to increase accuracy and decrease collateral damage. Control mechanisms for smart weapons must be able to withstand extreme acceleration loads at launch while remain simple for cost and reliability reasons. One type of control mechanism utilizes controllable internal translating masses (ITM's) that oscillate within the projectile to generate control forces. Several techniques for using internal translating masses for smart weapon flight control purposes are explored here. Specifically, the use of ITM's as direct control mechanisms, as a means to increase control authority, and as a means to protect the smart weapons sensor suite are examined. It is first shown that oscillating a mass orthogonal to the projectile axis of symmetry generates reasonable control force in statically-stable rounds. Trade studies examine the impact of mass size, mass offset from the center of gravity, and reductions in static stability on control authority. Then, the topic of static margin control through mass center modification is explored. This is accomplished by translating a mass in flight along the projectile axis of symmetry. Results show that this system allows for greater control authority and reduced throw-off error at launch. Another study, aimed at examining shock reduction potential at launch rather than static margin alteration, also considers ITM movement along the projectile centerline. In these studies, the ITM is comprised of sensitive electronic sensors, and is configured as a first-order damper during launch. Trade study results show that although the mechanism cannot substantially reduce the magnitude of launch loads, it is successful at dampening harmful structural vibrations typically experienced after muzzle exit. Finally, an active control system is developed for the ITM control mechanism using sliding mode methodology. Example cases and Monte Carlo simulations incorporating model uncertainties and sensor errors show that ITM control of projectiles can substantially reduce dispersion error. Furthermore, the novel sliding mode control law is shown to be highly robust to feedback disturbances. In a final study, combined ITM-canard control of projectiles is explored, concluding that ITM mechanisms can serve as a useful supplement in increasing the efficiency of currently-deployed control mechanisms.


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Mussoorie, December 28 (ANI): Locals in Mussoorie of Uttrakhand are thrilled and pleasantly delighted over ace cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and his family's visit to the hilly town. Tendulkar is on a vacation with his family in the Himalayan resort of Mussoorie. Not many got to meet the master blaster who is there to spend a quite time, but those who met him felt privileged.