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'All the Extras Make This a Must' H.C. 'Suiteoaks' Wine Country Cottage .(26 Reviews)
The owner has been emailed.
To book this property, you need to complete your booking through checkout on the VRBO website. We can't protect your payment if we don't know you've booked through us. Learn more
- Minimum stay:2 nights
- Sleeps:2
- Bedrooms:1
- Bathrooms:1
- Property type:Cottage
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:Yes
- Wheel chair accessible:N/A
About the Property
The terrace1Bd-1Ba, Short walk to Historic Downtown.4 starRestaurants,Riverfront
According to Harper's Bazaar, fall feature article — Petaluma, Ca. won the #1 spot!
Article link Harper's Bazaar, names Petaluma the #1 place in the world to visit, this year over Paris
''SuiteOaks, a delightful 5 Star VRBO, located in HISTORIC Petaluma, invites you to a unique holiday experience this year. It is holding open its doors to all that come as we all celebrate this exciting news.
A guest that stayed at SuiteOaks said, "It's like being at home no, it's better than home."
Let SuiteOaks add another cherished ''Santa close" moment to your holiday adventures this year.
So, come and behold us, this historic city and let us adore you and help fill your heart with expectations of the holiday seasons in our magical town,
Your stay at SuiteOaks — a charming 1bd. cottage located in the town of choose by Harper's Bazar is just the place to create joyful holiday memories. SuiteOaks sits on a cherished 1950's, open gated acre compound surrounded by ancient oaks just blocks from your fav latte.
And, maybe, if you've been really, really good this year SuiteOaks can arrange for Rudolph and his sled to bring you on your merry, merry way to the shimmering lights of Petaluma and its river setting
SuiteOaks, located in the historic Petaluma, is just the place to create lasting holiday memories.
Nearby are the famed wineries of Sonoma and Napa Counties, which can be seen by arranged luxury private tours.
Pt. Reyes National Seashore with it's crashing ocean waves, and beaches are a short ride away as well as Ballon rides, Redwoods, and San Francisco. Or take a ferry from Larkspur and enjoy the SF Bay and fantastic vistas.
The Cottage is very charming comfortable, quiet and private. (newly constructed 400+ sq. ft.) It's full of natural light has original artwork by international artist, Shray, who owns SuiteOaks with her husband Neal, a historian, who is writing a book on the revolutionary period in America.
They restored this 1950s ranch style estate and retained all the classic detailing and an inviting ambiance.
There is a complete kitchenette, an electric fireplace, a brand-new bathroom, and spa-like designer linens on a new luxurious
Is a 1 Bedroom,1 Bathroom Semi-detached VRBO cottage On 1 Cherished Acre Surrounded By Nature & Downtown Historic Petaluma, a short six block flat walk.
IMAGINE YOURSELF on an old retreat by a creek and an historic oak grove protected from time–
A unique splendor created by nature.
THE TERRACE COTTAGE, a few highlights,
• Is very blissful and romantic.
• Free wi-fi/works through out the property and Free parking on site
• 1 Bed Room - Queen bed, pillow top
• Living Room / charming
• electric fireplace / skylight
• Full Bath / no tub
• Lovely Kitchenette
• Secluded Terrace-patio, under ancient oaks
• A common organic vegetable garden
• An enticing shared swimming pool, lawns, flowers, and ample seating for privacy complete the grounds.
• Find your own little secret oasis under the shade of the great oaks
• Read and have a Latte from your SUITE,
maybe a glass of wine.
• With snacks from your Greeting Basket.
• As the sun goes down behind the oaks
• a calmness sets into the whole estate to enjoy
Beautifully appointed, in Petaluma's coveted Westside. Your base for visiting tasting rooms and wineries of Sonoma
There is an electric fireplace to sit in front of when the fog rolls in.
Snuggle under soft designer blankets and rest your head on cozy pillows under crystal chandeliers wearing a soft robe, as you watch a movie from On Demand TV.
Or play on your laptop (Free WIFI) and enjoy POPCORN from your gift basket, hot from the microwave
At night float on the "pillow top" bed. Let your mind rest, pull the "down duvet" up and fall asleep to the fragrance of an inviting ambiance.
Petaluma:WHERE YOU WILL FIND
4 star restaurants, dreamy boutiques, great antiques, fancy furniture stores, day spas.
wine bistro, brewery. Cafe's, one even for mostly hanging out working on your laptop
Another, fantastic french, cafe- bistro on the river, incredible food and treats or see a film at the
brand new movie hoouse...
the list just keeps growing...
wonderful shopping areas designed to fit the era.
Filled with the owners dreams in each unique shop.
A stunning river promenade thru the town of history, that the 1906' earth quack spared.
It is a short walk to town, pass parks and porches, from another time.
Stroll the river…follow your heart for a change. You are on vacation.
Dine in one of the many new 3 star eateries. Enjoy the sparkling downtown Petaluma at night .
A stunning 15 mile trip over the hill brings you to the famous 'Valley of the Moon.'
Or just relax with a glass of wine and a good book.
If golf is your thing, visit one of the 18-hole course just a few miles away.
A half hour trip will take you through the Golden hills of California countryside, to the Sonoma increadiable coast line.
See the towns of Bodega Bay (Recall the movie 'The Birds' BY Alfred Hitchcock), Dillon Beach and Jenner.
Enjoy fresh oysters and ocean beaches adorned with wildlife.
Redwood forests to the heavens, and the Golden Gate Bridge are a 20-30 minute drive.
An hour away on country roads you can enjoy the wineries of Dry Creek, Russian River and Alexander Valley.
Whether your day has been quiet or busy, stay home, enjoy a romantic evening listening to music, home cooked meals with freshness from the organic Farmer's market.
rest while reading a book or play a favorite game on your laptop. Watch a movie on the flat screen TV.
Your hosts hope it will be a refreshing break from your busy life and that SUITEOAKS provides a quiet peaceful setting for you to enjoy during your stay in the "Terrace Suite."
The suite/semi detached cottage is suitable for short or extended stays i.e. re-location, re-modeling, relaxing vacations, family visits.
We look forward to welcoming you and sharing our dream.
Shray and Neal
When you're ready to book, here are some tips to keep in mind.
Paying with a credit card on VRBO protects your payment for up to $10,000 against listing fraud. We recommend completing your booking on VRBO.Learn more
Member since: 2014
Property Type
- Cottage
- 400 sq. ft.
House Rules
- Max. occupancy 2
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
Onsite Services
- Concierge
- Long-Term Renters Welcome
Bedrooms: 1 Bedroom, Sleeps 2, Beds for 2
Bedroom 1: 1 queen
Vaulted ceiling, chandelier, Designer duvet.Yummy new sheets...moreless
- Sun streams in when you pull back the linen drapes. Birds really do sing, country in the city. The bedroom looks out onto the veranda. Cute closet, places to hang cloths, fabric baskets to put extra cloths in. The chandelier is a blast, its white acrylic !!! The bedding you just sort of sink into. The queen bed is new, a pillow top but not to soft. Soft yes,are the sheets they are to dream for. Pillows and euro shams for reading. Each side has bed light and side tables with drawers.Always fresh flowers to greet you! A place for coffee in bed, and snuggles. brand new, en-suite, white tile bath, cute. Filled with all your needs form extra tooth brushes { new of cource} to de-lish soaps and shampoos. HAIR DRYER, cute crystal lights, and lushes towels, give you that spa feeling!!! ...moreless
Bathrooms: 1 Bathroom
Bathroom 1: toilet, shower
all new.lovley sink, draw for guest, hair dryer. tile floor....moreless
- Modern, clean and cute. white tile floors, new shower neo angel, fresh linens white, Tilt oval mirror, lights by sink and above, Heater in ceiling as well, as fan and small crystal light. Extra things, like shampoo, body wash, powders. Hair dryer, iron in draws. A draw just for guest, as well as extra towels. Delis' robes.Stay in them for a while with coffee, and relax!...moreless
- Away From It All
- Historic
- Romantic
- Spa
- Tourist Attractions
- Botanical Garden
- Churches
- Cinemas
- Festivals
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Library
- Live Theater
- Marina
- Museums
- Playground
- Recreation Center
- Restaurants
- Synagogues
- Theme Parks
- Water Parks
- Winery Tours
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/Bank
- Babysitter
- Fitness Center
- Groceries
- Hospital
- Laundromat
- Massage Therapist
- Medical Services
Leisure Activities
- Antiquing
- Beachcombing
- Bird Watching
- Boating
- Eco Tourism
- Gambling Casinos
- Horseback Riding
- Miniature Golf
- Outlet Shopping
- Paddle Boating
- Photography
- Scenic Drives
- Shelling
- Shopping
- Sight Seeing
- Walking
- Whale Watching
- Wildlife Viewing
Location Type
'SUITEOAKS' cottges, sit on a Glorious setting,1ACRE Estate, cottges in.treasured area of 1900s history,stroll tree lid, Victorians rows of slendor, gracing tree lined sts.v...moreless
- Monument View
Mountain View:
unique one acre. cottages, Petaluma's historic downtown's acclaimed, USA heritage homes.stroll 8 flat blocks of history to- lattes, Eateriers- farm to . live music, local wine - brewerhSurounded b...moreless
unique setting on one acre. located ind Petaluma's historic downtown's acclaimed,U.S.heritage homes.stroll pass 8 block of history to lattes, Eateriers- farm to table. live music, local wine - brewer...moreless
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Basketball Court
- Cycling
- Deepsea Fishing
- Equestrian Events
- Fishing
- Fly Fishing
- Freshwater Fishing
- Golf
- Hiking
- Hot Air Ballooning
- Kayaking
- Mountain Biking
- Pier Fishing
- Racquetball
- Rafting
- Roller Blading
- Sailing
- Sound/Bay Fishing
- Surfing
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Wind-Surfing
- Dining Area
- Seating for 2 people
- Air Conditioning:
- Clothes Dryer:
- Fireplace:
- Hair Dryer
- Heating:
Free wifi throughout the property. Tablets get less bars...moreless
- Linens Provided
- Living Room:
- Coffee Maker
- Dishes & Utensils:
- Microwave:
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
2 night min stay
Fri, Sat
Additional information about rental rates
- cleaning fee,per stay $50
- Pet Fee $50
- Refundable Damage Deposit $150
- Tax Rate 10%
For 2015 there is no occupamcy tax.
Owner's cancellation policy:
100% refund if canceled at least 90 days before arrival date.
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
Car: Recommended
Petaluma is the new heartbeat of Sonoma wine country. A great compromise between the country and urban life. Harper's Bazar recently listed the top #10 most coveted places to visit this Fall and #1 was Petaluma
Petaluma is an intoxicating concoction of old historic elegance, charm and deliriously fun restaurants and waterfront charm. 10-20 mins to all the glories of this region-wineries, redwoods, ocean beaches, oysters, golden hills glowing of sunlight wrapped with jewels of roads leading to a cutting-edge culinary scene, fabulous museums, wine making, California history, and boutiques to swoon over.
Enjoy the stunning fall colors, jewel like vines wrapping the soft hills of Sonoma 's wine country
An intoxicating concoction of old historic elegance charm and deliriously fun wineries — tasting — restaurants, beaches-all this and the vines, await you.
Petaluma is the new heartbeat of Sonoma.Ca.
Blessed with 19th century victorian mansions with gabbles and towers to the sky, walk the promenade of an old great river, go 20-30 mins to all the glories of this region. redwoods, beaches and oysters with wine. golden hills glowing of sunlight, wrapped with jewels of roads lead to , a
Cutting-edge culinary scene, fabulous museums — wine making, and calif history, boutiques to swoon over - Petaluma is a (delicious)! Treat for everyone. The real Petaluma/SONOMA is bucolic, its boisterous, filled with dreams to come true, cafes on the water, a friendly, welcoming personality. The people are very social.
Hand made breads. Yes, real bakeries!Yes, With classy wine tasting bistro that bursts with life and the tastes of the 'California'. Be prepared to dance to your hearts wishes, and taste heaven on earths delicacy, served all and every were. So listen to a long ago resident of said wonders [JACK LONDON-MARK TWAIN]
SuiteOaks is a delicious and magnificent 1950s estate draped in accent oaks. She, sits on an acre in the middle of town, down a private drive. Picket fences and roses galore are all part of her allure. SuiteOaks…she is not fancy ...she is just . . . special
Comfort, yes! Romantic 1 bedroom suite yes ! (newly constructed 395 sq.apx. Ft) with tons of natural light, original artwork, classic detailing, sparkles from touches of crystal, down pillows, snuggle blankets that invite you to relax. Follow your heart. Enjoy the beautifully appointed suite, in Petaluma's coveted westside.
There is a very comfortable and romantic 1 bedroom suite (newly constructed 395 apx sq. Ft) with tons of natural light, original artwork, classic detailing, sparkles from touches of crystal, down pillows, snuggle blankets that invite you to relax.
A well thought out cherrywood and marble kitchenette. Appointed with induction cooktop convection/microwave. Apt. sized ref rig — well stocked yummy amenities we hope will meet all your needs to create memorable meals in. Lovely china from casual to special for your use.
There is an electric fireplace in the suite for you when the fog rolls in.
Snuggle under soft designer blankets and rest your head on cozy pillows under crystal chandeliers wearing a soft robe, provided by SuiteOaks, as you watch a show from on demand TV or surf the free wifi.
At night in bed float on the pillow top, let your mind rest, pull up the down Duvet and fall asleep to the fragrance of an inviting ambiance.
You have a private outdoor patio dabbled in shade. Sit at your table out under your trees, watch the sun head west and enjoy the tranquility.
All the dream locations that this region has to offer are just 20-30 mins away
* 3 night minimum
* $50 cleaning fee
* pets considered under no circumstances are they to be left on the property without the presence of the pets owners
Owner info
Year Purchased: 2013
About the owner: Shray was the recipient of the 5 Rings Award at the 2008 Beijing Olympics for the Sculpture and Design Contest. She is an internationally collected sculpture who paints, creates stunning jewelry and mixed media. Several of her past students are now represented in galleries. Neal, Shrays husband and co-host, is one of the leading athorities on early Am.History, Arron Burr, Wilkension, and the major factors that lead to the demise of Burr, and Hamiltion. he is finishing an historic novel on the subject. Titiled '4 men and a woman to' As well as blog/ founder- educator/writer blog: 'REVOLUTIONARY TIMES', Tree of liberty gazzet' [ under update- construction ] Neal: writer/ economist' ' the free market' Studied with DR.Murry Rothbard. PHD. Main holder of the knowledge of the late Ludwig von Mises, world renowned teacher, brilant thinker on the 'free market system'. Winner of 6 blue ribbion, 5 red ribbion, for organic vegtables, San Francisco co. fair. He also loves to bake, thank goodness becouse what evre he make/creates is a gift from flavor heaven.
Why the Owner Chose Petaluma, CA, USA:
SuiteOaks is a delicious and magnificent 1950s estate draped in accent oaks. She sits on an acre in the middle of town, down a private drive. picket fences and roses galore are all part of her allure.Petaluma is the new heartbeat of Sonoma wine country. A great compromise between the country and urban life.
The Unique Benefits at this Cottage:
Petaluma is an intoxicating concoction of old historic elegance charm and deliriously fun wineries — tasting — restaurants, and beaches. Blessed with 19th century Victorian mansions with gabbles and towers to the sky, and we get to live on one acre in the smack dab middle of it. You can walk can to the promenade of an old great river, the Petaluma. IT CARRIED THE HISTORY OF EARLY CA. ON ITS WATERS. Or go 10-20 mins to all the glories of this region -redwoods, beaches and oysters with wine. Golden hills glowing of sunlight, wrapped with jewels of roads lead to an cutting-edge culinary scene, fabulous museums — wine making, and calif history, boutiques to swoon over - Petaluma is a (delicious)! treat for everyone. The real Petaluma/SONOMA is bucolic, its boisterous, filled with dreams to come true, cafes on the water, a friendly, welcoming personality. The people are very social. Hand made breads. Yes! Real bakeries. but who needs that we have Neal who loves to bake breads, fruit pies, brioche, popovers, muffins...AND VERY LITTLE SUGAR OR FATS!!! With classy wine tasting bistro that bursts with life and the tastes of 'California.' Be prepared to dance to your hearts' wishes, and taste heaven on earths' delicacy, served all and every were, in 'HISTORIC PETALUMA' THE GATEWAY TO SONOMA WINE COUNTRY'
Contact us
Send email
- Primary: 4158472010 please allow the phone to ring,may be with guest.
- Secondary: +1 7076582967 please also try 2end email at firstname.lastname@example.com
Links to more information:
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
The Private gated drive,leads you into the 'magical setting' of Suiteoaks.
Lushes, yummy? Maybe simply romantic! The Terrace master-bedroom with en-suite.
new,en-suite. crystal,marbal tile! bath essentails compliments of suiteoaks
This listing was first published here in 2014.
Date last modified - Tuesday, May 23, 2017
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Does vitamin E help with skin& hair?
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Center for Community-Based Learning offers the perfect place to develop your leadership style.
While engaged in community service or service-learning, you will come to understand new things about yourself, your community, and interpersonal relationships. You will be faced with difficult decisions that will train you to trust your instincts. You will be challenged and inspired to believe that the hard work of a few can truly create positive change.
Each of our programs affords interested, qualified students opportunities to take on leadership positions.
Here are just a few of the positions we offer:
PACES Site Coordinators: supervise peers on-site at the youth serving organizations where mentoring and tutoring takes place. Coordinators receive additional training, role model excellent mentoringand tutoring skills, and serve as the main line of communication between the Partnership site and Lasell. These are paid positions open to students that have worked as Mentor-Tutors in the program.
Club President/Officer: several community-service based clubs now exist (Barry Price Center Mentoring, Fashion & Service Society, Habitat for Humanity, and Hope for Humanity), and all were created by students to bring together people with the same interests and concerns. Many leadership positions exist within these clubs. Begin by joining a club as a general member and attend the meetings regularly, or create your own by talking with CCBL Staff and the Office of Student Activities.
Blood Drive Coordinator: communicates with the America Red Cross to host a blood drive each semester on campus. They recruit volunteers, select room and date, manage donor appointments and supervise sign-ins and clean-up on the day of.
CCBL Ambassadors: work at the CCBL to support the multitude of service programs we run. These are paid positions, and are usually hired based on previous involvement in community service and the CCBL.
Community Partner Liaison: individuals who are interested in helping us build a partnership with a local nonprofit. Liaisons have usually volunteered at the nonprofit, or are very passionate about the mission of the nonprofit. Their work could be based at an office, or could be done from campus, like organizing a team for a fundraising walk. This type of work could easily qualify for a Linked Credit.
We encourage our students to take advantage of campus leadership training programs, like those offered by the Office of Student Activities.


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Definition of cerebral
1a : of or relating to the brain or the intellectb : of, relating to, affecting, or being the cerebrum cerebral edema cerebral arteries
2a : appealing to intellectual appreciation cerebral dramab : primarily intellectual in nature a cerebral society books for cerebral readers
cerebrallyplay \-brə-lē\ adverb
cerebral was our Word of the Day on 03/02/2014. Hear the podcast!
Theme music by Joshua Stamper ©2006 New Jerusalem Music/ASCAP
Examples of cerebral in a Sentence
He's a very cerebral comedian.
a very cerebral jurist who has given much thought to what makes our nation's constitution work
Did You Know?
English borrowed its word cerebrum directly from the Latin word for "brain," but the adjective cerebral took a slightly more circuitous route into our language, reaching English by way of French cerebral. Cerebrum has been used in our language as a name for the brain since the early 1600s, though the more specific scientific sense, referring just to the large upper part of the brain, didn't develop until later. Cerebral has been appearing in print in English since at least 1816. Other brainy descendants of cerebrum in English include cerebellum (the part of the brain between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum) and cerebrate, which arrived in English in 1915 with the meaning "to use the mind" or "to think."
Origin and Etymology of cerebral
French cérébral, from Latin cerebrum brain; akin to Old High German hirni brain, Greek kara head, keras horn, Sanskrit śiras head — more at horn
First Known Use: 1816
Other Anatomy Terms
CEREBRAL Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of cerebral for English Language Learners
medical : of or relating to the brain
: related to the mind rather than to feelings : intellectual and not emotional
CEREBRAL Defined for Kids
Definition of cerebral for Students
1 : of or relating to the brain or mind
2 : of, relating to, or affecting the cerebrum
Medical Dictionary
Learn More about cerebral
See words that rhyme with cerebral Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for cerebral Spanish Central: Translation of cerebral Nglish: Translation of cerebral for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of cerebral for Arabic speakers
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- Product H78542
Alesis S-16 / Kustom KPC215P Mains and Monitors Pro Package
- Write a Review
This comprehensive live sound package includes an Alesis S-16 16-channel compact mixer, a pair of Kustom KPC215P Dual 15" loudspeakers coupled with K...Click To Read More About This Product
We're sorry-this item is unavailable.
Find a similar product below or contact our experts for a recommendation of great alternatives. Call us at 800-449-9128.Customers Also Viewed:
A full band setup for performing in small-to-medium-sized venues.
This comprehensive live sound package includes an Alesis S-16 16-channel compact mixer, a pair of Kustom KPC215P Dual 15" loudspeakers coupled with Kustom KPC10MP Dual 10" monitors, as well as four Gear One MV1000 Handheld vocal microphones, six Gear One XLR microphone cables (20' each), and two Rapco Horizon TRS-TRS cables (20' each). Rounding out this collection is a pair of sturdy Musician's Gear Tripod Mic Stands with Fixed Booms.
Alesis S-16 Mixer
The Alesis S-16 is a 16-channel mixer that is rugged, surprisingly compact, and bursting with professional features. The S-16 features eight mono and eight stereo input channels. Each mono channel is outfitted with a three-band equalizer with sweepable mid-range, and each stereo channel is equipped with a four-band fixed-frequency EQ, putting precise, sound-shaping control at your fingertips. Ultra low-noise, discrete mic preamps with 48v phantom power and Mute / Alt 3-4 and Solo functions on each channel make the S-16 an easy choice for professional mixing.
Kustom KPC215P Dual 15" Powered PA Speakers
The Kustom KPC215P is a 200W powered speaker with 2 - 15" Kustom-built loudspeakers and a Compression Driver. It is tuned to deliver rich, balanced tonality while accurately reproducing a wide variety of audio content.
The Kustom KPC215P powered speaker provides balanced XLR and TRS 1/4" (balanced/unbalanced) input jacks. These may be used to connect a wide variety of line level devices such as non-powered mixers, preamps, keyboards, drum machines and other audio devices including music players such as iPods and CD players. The Kustom speaker's volume control adjusts the overall level.
A TRS 1/4" Line Out jack may be used to daisy chain 2 or more KPC speakers for a wider dispersion of sound. For example, if a non-powered audio mixer has been connected to the Kustom KPC speaker's input, the line out of this first speaker may be connected to a second speaker's Input. This is a daisy chain and it often requires shorter cable hook-up lengths versus connecting the second speaker directly to the audio mixer.
Kustom KPC210MP Dual 10" Powered Monitors
The KPC210MP is a 100-watt powered monitor speaker with 2 - 10" Kustom-built loudspeakers, and a wide-dispersion piezo HF driver. Balanced and unbalanced inputs let you connect a variety of line-level devices, including MP3/CD players. The wedge design and polemount lets you use it as a floor monitor or mains speaker. TRS out allows daisy-chaining.
Gear One MV1000 Handheld Mics
The Gear One MV1000 dynamic, hand-held vocal microphone is ruggedly built with a crisp, clear presence, and cardioid polar pattern for rear isolation and higher gain before feedback. It comes with a carrying pouch, stand adaptor, and a one-year warranty.
Musician's Gear Tripod Mic Stands with Fixed Booms
The MS-220 Tripod Microphone Stand has a thread adapter and tubular legs. Its adjustable height from floor to top thread is 35" to 61-7/8". The 30-1/4" fixed boom is not adjustable.
- Alesis S-16 mixer (see SKU#H75228)
- Ultra-low noise 16-channel, 4-bus mixing console
- Eight gold-plated XLR inputs
- Four stereo input channels with balanced input jacks
- Two stereo Aux returns
- Ultra low-noise discrete mic preamps with 48v phantom power
- Independent main mix, control room, and headphone outputs
- Peak LEDs on each channel
- Balanced inputs and balanced main outputs
- Pre- and Post-fader Aux routing for external effects and monitoring
- Two-track inputs assignable to Main Mix, Phones/Control Room outputs
- +4dBu/-10dBV on each stereo channel
- Mute/Alt 3-4, Solo function on each channel
- 12-segment bar-graph meters for precise reading of the output signal
- High-quality faders and sealed potentiometers
- Kustom KPC215P Dual 15" Powered PA Speakers (see SKU#485597)
- One 200-watt, Class AB, built-in power amplifier with current-limited protection circuitry
- 2 - 15", Kustom PA Speakers
- One compression driver with wide dispersion flare
- Precision-tuned crossover
- One balanced XLR input jack
- One TRS 1/4" input jack
- Volume control
- One TRS 1/4" line out jack
- Built-in polemount socket
- Kustom KPC210MP Dual 10" Powered Monitors (see SKU#485592)
- One 100-watt, Class AB, built-in power amplifier with current-limited protection circuitry
- 2 - 10", Kustom-built PA Speakers
- One piezo horn with wide dispersion flare
- Angled, wedge-shaped design
- One balanced XLR input jack
- One TRS 1/4" input jack
- Volume control
- One TRS 1/4" line out jack
- Gear One MV1000 Mics (see SKU#H72917)
- Rugged construction
- Excellent presence and intelligibility
- Handsome styling
- Professional quality
- Also includes:
- 4 Gear One XLR Microphone Cables - 20' each (see SKU#339877)
- 2 Rapco Horizon TRS-TRS Cables - 20' each (see SKU#336401)
Hit the stage with this gear at your next for a well-rounded sound! Order today!
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Clear Sound
- Easy To Use
- Bulky/Heavy
- Needs Lots Of Poweoutlets
Best Uses
- Home Studio
- Performances
Comments about Alesis S-16 / Kustom KPC215P Mains and Monitors Pro Package:
I got this to replace a tired PA system we used for gigs in bars etc. It's a bear to move the mains, but the 2X15 speakers really push the bass pretty well. We've used louder systems in the past, but we don't play big enough venues for them. The mains take up less space than the tripod stands which is good on smaller stages. Needs a lot of power outlets though, and the chords for the mains/monitors aren't long enough to get clear of the stage, so invest in extension cords as well. The mics aren't great but make fine backups for our regular Sure/Sanheisers


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UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi arrived in Dehradun on Sunday morning, a day after her daughter Priyanka Gandhi Wadra's visit to her son Raihan, a student of Doon School.
Priyanka had made a few visits to the state capital late last year to seek admission for her son in the prestigious boarding school, which is known as the Eton of the East.
Sources said that Sonia, Priyanka and Priyanka's daughter were here on a private visit. Officials and security men ensured 'secrecy' about their tour.
The family stayed at the Raj Bhawan. Sonia however was expected to leave Doon for New Delhi on Sunday afternoon.
The school happens to be the alma mater of late PM Rajiv Gandhi and uncle Sanjay Gandhi.


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Silver Sands Beach Resort
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TravelPod Member ReviewsSilver Sands Beach Resort Colva
Three people should not have to share a double bed, regardless of how large it is!
It was clean and comfortable.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews Silver Sands Beach Resort Colva
Travel Blogs from Colva
Day 167. Bliss
Even though we went to bed at 0400 it wasn't too bad getting up knowing that a buffet breakfast was awaiting us.
It was a fairly typical spread, eggs, homemade baked beans, fruit cereal etc and of course a curry section. It was delicious.
Our morning was spent by the pool. It seemed such a while since we had lazed and we were loving it! I thoroughly enjoyed arranging my Asda delivery, I cannot wait to get the slow cooker and ...
Heading for the Himalayas
... in a train, and I arrived in Margao at 3:00 am. I had no hotel booked, so I told the taxi stand to take me to a nice hotel near the beach. Of course, they chose one of the most expensive ones in the area...$100 a night. Might not seem like much, but for here, and my budget, it's a dent in my wallet. Although, I will have to admit, having a bed that felt just like my bed back home was a pleasant surprise. I explored the area a little, and I'm disappointed to ...
Day Six
This weekend has been great, and has really shown us that india has many different sides. Last night we really experienced the tourist side, staying in what would be considered a 'luxury' beach bungalow. We awoke today at 9:30, and then met the Norwegians at 10:00am for breakfast. We ate breakfast on the top story of one of the restaurants (that probably wouldn't pass Australia's building regulations) overlooking the ocean. We were ...
Saturday 28th September
Travelling on the overnight bus from Mysore to Goa required us to make a change at Bangalore at the main bus depot. It was night time around 11pm and we were already shattered. The new bus was packed to the rafters. Our seats were on the back row - Steves seat only reclined fully while mine was fixed bolt upright! Oh well at least the seats were together. We settled in for the night and decided to treat ourselves to one of our last episodes of Breaking Bad! ...
... car around and disappeared in a whirl of dust. A search party was sent out and soon returned with Kingfishers and smiles. The beach at Benaulim was gorgeous, much bigger and cleaner than Palolem and the area itself just generally smarter and better looking. We slept in the beach huts we where now so accustomed to apart from these had a few more 'non paying guests' than the last one including a rat in the girls hut and a brigade of ...


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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Droichead an Chaisleáin
|Coordinates: 52°23′00″N 6°27′00″W / 52.3833°N 6.45°WCoordinates: 52°23′00″N 6°27′00″W / 52.3833°N 6.45°W
|County Wexford
|3 m (10 ft)
|Population (2006)
|• Urban
|Time zone
|• Summer (DST)
|Irish Grid Reference
Castlebridge (Irish: Droichead an Chaisleáin) is a large village on the R741 regional road in County Wexford, Ireland, north of Wexford Town. It is located near the River Slaney and just north of Wexford Harbour. Castlebridge is a rapidly expanding suburb of Wexford town, its population increased from 783 in 1996 to 1,013 in 2002, and to 1624 in the 2006 census, and 1726 in 2011.
The Castle that originally stood in the village was dismantled to build buildings such as the Church of Ireland Church, which is one of the oldest buildings in Castlebridge.
The river that flows through Castlebridge is actually a canal that replaced the original river. It was dug out by hand to allow sailing cots that loaded up in the various docks of Castlebridge to get to Wexford Town more quickly.
Public transport access[edit]
Ardcavan operate a bus once a day each way to/from Dublin and Dublin Airport.[1] Wexford Bus operate a route to/from Wexford with three journeys each way Mondays to Saturdays inclusive.[2] Bus Éireann route 379 (Wexford - Gorey via Kilmuckridge and Courtown) serves Castlebridge on Mondays and Saturdays whereas route 380 (Wexford-Crossabeg-Wexford) serves Castlebridge on Fridays.[3]
The centre of the village contains a 60x30 foot handball alley. The handball club has produced many county and Irish champions and members have competed at world championships in the US.
Mr. P.D. Breen, who lived in Castlebridge but was originally from Bannow in the south of the county, was the first Wexford man to be President of the G.A.A. (Gaelic Athletic Association) from 1924-1926. He was one of only two Wexford-born National President's of the G.A.A.[4] He also founded the Irish Handball Council and the St. Peters College (Wexford) Past Pupils Union. He is buried in Castlebridge cemetery.
The village has a thriving community spirit with many community groups situated in the area. The well renowned Castlebridge Gospel Choir were founded in the village in 2003.
Castlebridge is the founding place of the Guinness World Book of Records. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the managing director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford, Ireland. He became involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe, the Golden Plover or the grouse (the former being correct). That evening at Castlebridge House, he realised that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europe's fastest game bird. Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland, but there was no book in the world with which to settle arguments about records. He realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. There is a sign in the park in Castlebridge explaining the above.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Castlebridge.


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x Click Here to subscribe to free job alerts! Join our BBM Channel on C00299C49. Follow us on Instagram @jobzillanigeria
8 Aug 2016
Finance and Accounting Jobs at Airtel Nigeria, August 8th, 2016
by Jobzilla Nigeria at 8/08/2016 01:07:00 pm Tags: Accounting Jobs , Accounting-Jobs , Airtel , Business and Finance Jobs , Business-and-Finance-Jobs
affordable and quality mobile services to Nigerians, giving them the freedom to communicate, rise above their daily challenges and drive economic and social development.
Job Title: Budget Control & Analysis Manager
Job description
The successful candidate will be primarily responsible for the support of the budget control process by ensuring no budget overspend without approval; accurate coding of OAF/CAF and adherence to FDOA.
Duties and Responsibilities:
OAF/CAF expense analysis and processing -
- Ensure that all OAF/CAF are processed within TAT defined. Any rejection must be stated with clear reasons and follow up must be ensured with the respective users for closure
- Engage with all stakeholders for quarterly budgets submissions and respective approvals from HQ
- Adhere to AOP/ F&F and ensure that there is no overspend without approval
- Drive capex utilization with NW to ensure all PRs are converted to POs
- Ensure AOP/revised AOP is strictly adhered to, flash & forecast reviewed and submitted promptly
- Ensure the month end business review presentation submitted as per due date
- Ensure that OAFs are approved in line with FDOA and any violation of FDOA is escalated for prompt resolution
- Weekly update of CAF/OAF trackers
- Weekly updates on capex utilization spend
- OAF/CAF conversion to PO
- OPEX Tracker
- Other HQ reporting as may be required
- A University Degree/HND in Accounting
- Relevant 3- 5 years of varied experience in Finance preferable in a FMCG/Consumable/Telecoms environment
- Professional examination stage 1 (ICAN/ACCA)
- Use of microsoft office Excel & Word
- Use of oracle for accounting would be an added advantage
- Ability to work under considerable pressure and stiff timelines
- Customer centricity; drive to achieve results and delight the customer
- Ability to manage expectations of multiple stakeholders/users
- Good with people – calm mien, good at building relationships
- Well spoken
- Appearance – formal/customer facing always
How to Apply
Interested and qualified candidates should Click Here to Apply
Application Deadline 12th August 2016
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Chapter 2Mature
I made it to out house with no trouble after the stranger danger incident. Our 'new' house stood on the corner of 5th and Fleet St in a quiet suburb. Unlike most houses, which faced one way or another, the person who had built our house had made it so the porch steps faced both of the streets at the same time. Oh, but the oddness didn't end there! The house was built in a quasi Victorian style that the realtor claimed had been extremely controversial in the 1800s, due to the mayor at the time wanting to portray a certain image of Bedford.
At first, I'd wondered why anyone would get up in arms about a boring old Victorian, I mean they're as traditional as they come, right? Of course, that all changed after we saw the house up close and personal. Mom had been so eager to find a house for us that she'd jumped on the first cheap thing she found. Of course she'd ignored the small notes about the place's history, of course she didn't find anything odd with the realtors lack of pictures. She was a writer, so stuff just sometimes didn't worry her. Fortunately, my brother Nick and I were prepared for anything weird, and weird is what we got.
'The Caraway House' had the shape of a normal Victorian, but it had… Add-ons. A large metal doodad that resembled a birdcage sat squarely in the middle of the roof as if it were standing guard. On the upstairs windows there were small patterns of what looked suspiciously like Nordic runes inlaid in the window panes; Further back on the roof, was a weathervane that must have been rusted in place or something, because it only pointed north in the direction of the forest. Of course, the weathervane was of some weird half-goat man thing that was smoking a gigantic pipe. Mom had excitedly identified the thing as a Phooka (The goat man, not the pipe). On top of that, there was a small building that was a few feet away from the kitchen door. The building would have been pretty uninteresting if not for the fact that phrases were written over the door and under each window in what I could only assume was Latin. It looked as if it had been a stable at some point then had been converted into a guesthouse. It was now my Mom' office.
The inside of the house was in fairly good condition, but there was something subtly off about the interior. Sure, the house wasn't small, but the inside gave the impression that it was far bigger than it should have been. My brother Nick, who sees everything but says nothing, commented on it. He had noticed another odd thing about the house that I hadn't even thought to look for. All of the bedroom's corners made a hexagram. Who the heck had owned this place before us? Some sort of cult?
I dropped my bag off in my room and went to check on my mom who was engrossed in her work, as usual. She was a tall, solidly built African-American woman who loved to wear long dresses. She was a child of the 80s but somewhere along the line, she'd taken a stop in international fashion and the rest was history. Her skin was a dark mocha unlike mine. As she put it, I was more of a dark caramel. Which made no sense whatsoever, because dad had been just as dark as she was. Even Nick had dark skin. I shoved aside the irony of being a genetic throwback and tapped mom on the shoulder.
"Did you eat anything today?"
Mom jumped in surprise, she had just noticed that she wasn't alone. Even though I'd slammed the door repeatedly and clomped loudly to her side. She was wearing her plain blue Yukata and nothing else, by the look of it, judging by how dirty her feet were, she hadn't bothered with shoes either.
"Oh, what?" she tugged on one of her many braids, which she had decided to wear in a high ponytail.
"Mom, have you eaten today?"
"Yeah, two granola bars, " she said as she yawned and leaned backwards, kneading her temples. Oh well, she'd eaten today and that was something.
"Ok, when are you starting dinner? It's 8:30 already."
"Oh crap," she groaned as she looked at the clock on her computer, which made you wonder how she didn't notice the time earlier, and grouched, "Why didn't you come and tell me earlier, Ad? You know how I get when I start writing,"
"Sorry, guess time got away from me." Mystery guy's smirking face came to mind and I couldn't stop another blush from spreading across my cheeks. Not that his kiss had meant anything. He was just some freak, a freak that knew where I lived, even though we'd only been in town for a week or so…
Mom made a quick dinner of leftover turkey, vegetables, and curry powder. Not that it matters really, the really interesting part of our dinner was the stuff mom had to tell us about the house.
Back in 1860, there had been a huge fire that had almost destroyed more than half of Bedford. Whole neighborhoods had burned to almost nothing, but guess which house hadn't been touched? That's right, The Caraway House. A priest who had witnessed it back in the day had even said that during the fires, the house had seemed to 'glow with an unholy light that looked almost as if it were cast by the Devil himself' creepy, right? Well after she had read the stuff about the fire, she had dug a little deeper for information about the original owner.
Alexander Caraway had been accused of being a Satanist by the town. He had conducted 'unholy perversions of science' in his study, which as we had figured out, is where my bedroom is now. None of the records she'd found had detailed exactly what these perversions were but simply went on to give accounts of the weird things people had heard coming from the house at all hours. Heavy pounding, shrieks, ringing bells, and once, someone had heard a maniacal laugh that had echoed through the whole neighborhood. But, we were fully prepared to deal with whatever it was. We had seen the Haunting in Connecticut, after all.
We called it a night and went our separate ways. I wasn't religious, but I sure wished I had a crucifix or something on me right then. I quickly changed into my pajamas and jumped into my bed. I took a cautious look around the room, and then reached for the lamp.
The room went pitch black.
It must have been around midnight when I woke up again. I lay there for a moment, still a bit fuzzy from sleep, when I heard it.
The slow exhale and inhale of something breathing.
I froze, and listened to it for a moment. It wasn't very far from me, in fact, it sounded like it was coming from the end of the bed. Gathering my courage and hoping it wasn't some burned kid or desecrated dead guy, I lifted the cover from over my head and looked. Something was perched there; I swallowed hard and was on the verge of panicking but a weird thought occurred to me. If the thing hadn't done anything while I was sleeping, then it probably wasn't going to do anything now. The thing and I stared at each other for a moment. I was tempted to reach for the lamp, but for all I knew, it might have driven the thing into a blind rage.
"Hello, you're not here to maul me, are you?"
Whatever it was, it wasn't very big. It looked almost human, but its fingers were impossibly long. It scratched its head with a long finger and just stared at me some more. I looked right back at it, about ready to scream bloody murder.
"Are you the new master?" It's voice was like dried leaves crunching under foot. The sound barely rose above a whisper.
"What do you mean?"
"The master, are you the new master of the house?"
"No, that would be mom, if anyone…" Well, this proves it; Caraway was definitely off into something involving the supernatural. Oddly enough, whatever this thing was it didn't give off any bad vibes, so I relaxed. Just watch. It was probably waiting for me to do that so it could rip off my face.
"She can't hear me, nor can the boy. Are you the new master?" The thing, out of all the possible things it could have done, wringed its' hands like a worrying housewife, as if this answer were a life or death thing.
"Well, I guess I am. Answer me this though."
"Anything, miss," said the black thing on the end of my bed. It sounded eager. Was it eager for blood or to help, though?
"Was Caraway a bad guy? Was he into evil things?" The thing shook it's head so hard that it almost fell off the bed.
"No, Miss! Caraway was a good man, a kind man, he took good care of Nanig and his poor old mam, and lords bless her!" The thing, whose name I was guessing was Nanig, jumped up and down excitedly and waved its' hands in the air.
"He did wonderful things! Right here in this room, he did! He was a good man, a great man!"
"Ok, thanks...Nanig, right? " I got another earnest nod spasm in response. " What was he? What are you, for that matter?" Don't ask me why I was being so calm about this. I really have no idea. Maybe I would go into shock from all of the weirdness soon.
" I am a Brownie, miss. Mr. Caraway was a caster just like you."


text:
Women's UA Base(TM) 2.0 Leggings - $40.99
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text:
Ivri: The Essence of Hebrew Spirituality; 21st Century Perspectives on an Ancient Tradition
€ 18,99
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
April 2010
BeschreibungThis book addresses the ancient tradition of Hebrew Spirituality that is the foundation for Judaism and other religions and its relevance for today. Universal underlying themes of monotheism, monism, East-West connections, meditation, mysticism, Kabala, Yoga and Vedanta, are explored by the author/editor and guest contributors covering perspectives from Yoga, Judaism, Sufism, and Mystical Christianity. Specific topics include an overview of Kabala, Ibrahim and non-dualism in Sufism, Bibliyoga, a system for synthesizing yoga postures with biblical teachings, Victor Frankl and Logotherapy, spiritual activism and green yoga, and atheism, agnosticism and Jewish Secular Humanism.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: AL LAVALLIS ENTERPRISES LLC
Erscheinungsdatum: April 2010
Seitenanzahl: 172 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


text:
Jarrett Bell from USA Today joined us on the Fan Morning Show this morning to take a close look at the AFC North. All eyes have been on the Browns, watching Johnny Manziel acclimate to his new team and push for the starting QB job. But is this Browns team improved or just surrounded by more buzz?
PODCAST: Jarrett Bell Breaks Down the AFC North on the Fan Morning ShowAugust 29, 2014 11:38 AM
By Hannah Foslien/Getty Images


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Bug reporting, issues & troubleshooting
An #offer you can't refuse.
We're bringing you an #offer you can't refuse. Enjoy unlimited HD Voice & Video Calls, SMS, High-Speed Data, access to Jio Apps and numerous 4G benefits for 90 days, free.
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- FX / Phenom II / Athlon II / Sempron 100 Series
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
issues with usb drive, no uefi 03/11/2013
This review is from: GIGABYTE GA-970A-D3 AM3+ AMD 970 + SB950 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX AMD Motherboard
1866 ram runs fine, though i did have to set it up manually.
got it on black friday so at least i feel like i got my moneys worth.
my biggest issue is that post is slow if i have my 1TB usb drive plugged in and furthermore if im loading vista, i get a minute long black screen between post and the OS loading screen. its not so bad with windows 8 and the problem goes away altogether if i unplug the drive for bootup, but i didnt have this problem at all with the old socket 939 motherboard that I just replaced.
as mentioned has quick settings for different ram speeds but it doesnt work properly so i had to do some research and setup the timing manually for my 1866 ram
also the software that comes with it is not very good, the monitoring software doesnt even show all the fans i have though speed fan doesnt have any issues. also the hybrid efi touch bios program is garbage. i wasnt able to access a lot of the bios functions with it.
Other Thoughts:
just to be clear, this motherboard does not have uefi. not marking it off for this since it doesnt say it does in the description, however if you look it up on google you may find conflicting information so you need to know that this is rev1.4 and only rev3.0 and higher have uefi. it would be nice if newegg could start providing this kind of information.
my build:
MB: GA-970A-D3 rev1.4
ram: Gskill sniper ddr3 1866
proc: am3+ fx4100 Quad-core 3.6ghz
gfx: xfx geforce gt240
Did you find this review helpful? Yes / No Thanks for the valuable feedback you provided!


text:
Purpose: In the face of global competition intensifying the need for high-level skills and knowledge and growing competition for students; the demands being placed on universities is increasing. These demands are also rising in complexity; from the growing number of stakeholders e.g. students; businesses; the public sector; society and government; and in their varied requirements; for example; in the variety and diversity of provision and in the use and development of new technology.
This paper will describe the strategic response that Coventry University is making to address these demands. In particular the way in which âcustomer valueâ is being recognised and steps taken to âadded valueâ efficiently and effectively throughout systems; processes and work streams through the use of Lean principles; tools and techniques for continuous quality improvement (CQI).
Methodology/Approach: Experience in other sectors has shown that for CQI to be developed and sustained requires a methodology that does not focus simply on the use of improvement tools but includes a longer-term emphasis on development; leadership and cultural change linked to corporate strategy. Recognising these guiding principles Coventry has embarked upon the implementation of an extensive Leadership programme (LDP) involving over one hundred key staff and from this the formation of leadership Action Teams (LATâs) to undertake improvement projects identified for their strategic importance to the corporate agenda.
Findings: An LAT pilot project; described in the paper; was undertaken to improve the staff approval and recruitment process. Lean tools; in particular Value Stream Mapping (VSM) were used to identify the customer pathway and deliver improvements. The result is a streamlined process with less documentation which is significantly easier to complete. Representing an improvement of 54% in time to process and a 42% reduction in value added time.
Keywords: Strategic; Development; Competency; Quality; Lean; Value; VSM


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The first AIAS meeting is being held this week. The meeting is open to all students in the School of Architecture.
The Agenda:
- Learn about the American Institute of Architecture Students (AIAS) and what we do
- Meet your new e-board
- Hear about all of the exciting events we have planned for the year, including firm crawls, design charrettes, dodgeball tournaments, scavenger hunts, and more!
- George Thrush, Director of the School will be on hand and will address the group
- Free Pizza!


text:
Read More
Little Mountain Marina is located on beautiful Lake Guntersville. The lake is noted worldwide for its speedboat races, fishing tournaments and other water sports. Visitors looking to buy, sell or rent timeshare resales will find Lake Guntersville State Park Lodge and Convention Center, with its 18-hole golf course, is only 5 miles away.
Enjoy great facilities at Little Mountain Marina such as a clubhouse with indoor pool, spa and fitness center, playground, game room, covered marina, fishing pier, miniature golf course, volleyball, tennis court, outdoor swimming pool and spa, shuffleboard court, laundry.


text:
One Day
Ardashir Vakil
Penguin £7.99, pp296
This clever, compelling second novel is 'a life in the day' of a middle-class north London couple, Ben and Priya, 'whingeing double-income liberal parents' for whom Vakil gains our sympathy while also satirising them.
Vakil dissects a single day - their son's third birthday - and exposes seething regret, frustration and desire for what could have been, what might still be, one day. Ben's life is an agony of dissatisfaction: failed literary aspirations, bitterness towards his more successful Oxford contemporaries, pain at Priya's infidelity.
In the vein of Mrs Dalloway, the day unfolds into a party, after which the marriage reaches melting point in the pressure cooker of the inexorable present moment.
So many of the day's precious hours are killed by peering down the path not taken, but as night falls on this reflective, memorable story, the couple realise that they are happiest exactly where they are - in the middle of the road.
The Parts
Keith Ridgway
Faber £7.99, pp457
Six disparate narrative voices float through this ambitious stream-of-consciousness novel. In Ireland's countryside we have Kitty Flood, a novelist obsessed with surfing internet chatrooms where she assumes multifarious identities. Her lover, Delly, waits for death to wash her away, and Delly's adopted son wades through red tape, chloroform and porn in search of his real parents. In a powerfully evoked Dublin live the drunken DJ Joe, abandoned by his family and sinking fast, Joe's producer and a teenage rent boy.
As the narratives converge, conspiracies and conspiracy theories gradually surface. Ridgway explores the problems of modern communication, of disentangling crossed wires and identities when stories mutate on their way through radio waves, chatrooms and mobile phones.
Despite the complicated plot and teasing typographies, Ridgway's sure-footed storytelling lets the reader go with the very enjoyable flow, for the perpetually multiplying parts are held together by the novel's exhilarating framework.


text:
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René Caovilla
Embellished cutout satin pumps
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René Caovilla
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text: Bring the drama in a womens vintage turban from Beyond Retro today. A close cousin of the cloche, the turban was popularised by Paul Poiret in the 1910s and 1920s as part of his exotic, eastern-inspired ensembles, later to be rekindled as a fashion trend in the Studio 54-era 1970s. Shop new and vintage womens turbans at Beyond Retro for an alluring look today.


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Ideal for use outdoors as well as indoors, Premier's Maple Leaf Tree features white leaves, lending it a truly festive look and feel. Decorated with 200 warm white LED lights, the tree is a unique alternative to the traditional pine tree at Christmas and can be displayed all year round. With a sturdy metal stand, the White Maple Tree stands 1.8m high, is easy to assemble and will continue to look great at any time of the year.
Important Features of Premier's Maple Leaf Tree:
Colour: White
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|Lighting Colour
|Warm White
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Systems Biology Opens New Research Pathways
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Founded in the 1950s, Research Organics was a pioneer in manufacturing zwitterionic biological buffers and developing the HEPES buffer as an industry-standard, according to Sigma-Aldrich. Research Organics will transition into SAFC, the custom manufacturing and services business unit of Sigma-Aldrich. The firm expects this acquisition to be neutral to earnings per share in 2012.
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Farm-Scale Production Cost of Switchgrass for Biomass
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s12155-008-9005-y
- Cite this article as:
- Perrin, R., Vogel, K., Schmer, M. et al. Bioenerg. Res. (2008) 1: 91. doi:10.1007/s12155-008-9005-y
- Citations
- 1.9k Downloads
The economic potential of cellulosic biomass from switchgrass has heretofore been evaluated using estimates of farm costs based on extrapolation from experimental data and budget estimates. The objective of the project reported here was to estimate the cost of production that would be experienced by farmers on commercial production situations. Switchgrass was produced as a biomass crop on commercial-scale fields by ten contracting farmers located from northern North Dakota to southern Nebraska. Results showed a wide range of yields and costs across the five production years and ten sites, with an overall average cost of $65.86 Mg−1 of biomass dry matter, and annualized yield of 5.0 Mg ha−1. The low-cost half of the producers were able to produce at an average cost of $51.95 Mg−1over the 5-year period. When projected to a full 10-year rotation, their cost fell further to $46.26 Mg−1. We conclude that substantial quantities of biomass feedstock could have been produced in this region at a cost of about $50 Mg−1 at the farm gate, which translates to about $0.13/l of ethanol. These results provide a more reliable benchmark for current commercial production costs as compared to other estimates, which range from $25 to $100 Mg−1.
KeywordsSwitchgrass biomass bioenergy economics ethanol
- hectare (ha)
10,000 m2
- megagram (Mg)
1,000 kg
Conservation Reserve Program
The use of fossil fuels to produce energy has induced both increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and associated climate change and dependencies on politically sensitive international oil markets. These consequences have stimulated both considerable research on alternative energy sources and vigorous policy debates about policies to support them. Meanwhile, grain ethanol production has increased dramatically, raising concerns about unwelcome side effects of that technology, even though it has no promise of replacing more than a small fraction of gasoline for automotive fuel [19]. Ethanol produced from cellulosic sources is thus viewed by many to be a prospective alternative energy source that is both more abundant and more environmentally-friendly than grain ethanol [16]. An estimated 3 to 21 million ha of agricultural land in the USA could be converted to perennial grasses for bioenergy based on theoretical market prices [13]. Land for perennial grass production has been projected to come from the land currently in crop production, land currently enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and pastures [27].
Cooperating farmers were paid for their work and land use. They documented, and project staff verified, all production operations and field biomass. Production and management information from each farm for the 5 year period was used in the analyses presented here. Fields used in the study had characteristics that would have qualified them for enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) of the US Department of Agriculture which pays farmers and land owners to take erodible land out of production and maintain it as planted grasslands or woodlands. The CRP was authorized by the Food Security Act of 1985 and had a goal of removing highly erodible, marginal cropland from crop production.
Site Selection
The farms in this study were located in a region where previous economic model analyses indicated switchgrass grown as a biomass energy crop would be economically feasible [26]. The cooperating farmers and their farms used in this study were selected based on recommendations of US Department of Agriculture—Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) staff for the three states and site visits by co-author Vogel. The USDA-NRCS provides technical land eligibility determinations, conservation planning and practice implementation for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Rainfed fields from southern Nebraska to northern North Dakota were selected to represent a range of biomass production environments likely to occur in this large geographical region and the fields had marginal cropland characteristics that would have qualified them for enrollment in the CRP. Sites are identified in this report with the name of the nearest town. Field size ranged from 3 to 9.5 ha and averaged 6.7 ha. Field sizes, crop history and cultivars are reported elsewhere [20].
The Nebraska fields were established in 2000 and grown through 2004, while the South Dakota and North Dakota fields were established in 2001 and grown through 2005. With one exception, the fields were grown for five seasons. The exception was at Atkinson, NE, where a portion of the field was abandoned after two unsuccessful attempts at establishing a switchgrass stand. In this particular location, the fields consisted of two "pivot corners" (the un-irrigated corners of a square field with a center pivot irrigation system), one of which was abandoned after year 2. One other site suffered a failed establishment the first year, and a third required partial re-seeding.
The climatic conditions were in general not favorable during these years, as seven of the ten sites experienced rainfall below the 30-year mean, and all but Munich, ND, experienced temperatures above normal (for weather data by site, see Table 10 which is published as supporting information on the BioEnergy Research website.) The Atkinson and Douglas, NE sites were particularly warm and dry.
Management Protocol
Farmer cooperators managed all aspects of crop production and harvest except that the Nebraska switchgrass fields were planted by USDA-ARS, Lincoln, personnel. Commercial custom rates were used for the cost of this service. Cooperators contracted to produce the crop following recommended management practices, in exchange for fixed payments plus in most cases a bonus for harvested switchgrass. A general set of recommended management practices, based on previous small plot research, was given to every cooperator. These management practices detailed seedbed preparation, planting depth, planting dates, herbicide use, and harvesting dates. Cultivars selected for each field were based on prior research within respective geographical regions. Seeding rates were 322 pure live seed per square meter. Soil samples were taken on each field before switchgrass establishment to assess soil fertility. No fertilizer was applied the establishment year. Nitrogen fertilizer rates recommended to farmers in this study were 10 kg N per Mg ha−1 of expected yield [24] with a recommended maximum of 112 kg ha−1 year−1. Nitrogen fertilizer application varied by post-establishment harvest years and locations because of farmer management decisions based on soil moisture or drought conditions. Applied N ranged from 0 to 212 kg ha−1 with a mean application rate of 74 kg ha−1 year−1 across all farms for harvest year 2 to 5 (nitrogen rates and herbicide applied at each site are listed in Tables 8 and 9, published as supporting information on the BioEnergy Research website). A USDA agronomist visited each field at least twice during each growing season to monitor switchgrass management, stands, and biomass yields. In mid-summer, prior to harvest, 1.1 m2 quadrants were clipped at 16 locations within each field and the harvested samples were dried and weighed to verify subsequent machine harvested yields. Harvests were completed with conventional hay equipment. Harvested bales were stored at the edge of the field, or at an alternate location convenient for the cooperator. Modern balers are engineered to deliver very uniform bales so cooperators weighed a subset of bales for yield determinations and sampled the bales with a provided bale coring probe to obtain bale samples for determining baled biomass dry matter concentration. Bale core samples were sealed in plastic bags and sent to project headquarters for further analysis of moisture content and other characteristics. All yields were adjusted to a dry weight basis.
Cost Assessment
Cooperating farmers did not always implement all recommended management practices for a variety of reasons. Management practices and costs reported herein are those actually adopted and incurred. Farmers chose to perform some field operations with their own equipment, and other times hired custom operators to perform the field work. To establish costs in the former case, farmers reported the type and size of equipment, along with the hours required. Corresponding power and machinery costs per hour were then taken from Selley et al. [22], and labor was charged at $10/h. Services and materials purchased were recorded as the amount actually paid. In a few instances where machinery costs could not be evaluated with these approaches, the average custom rate for the region [11] was used as the cost of the operation. Land rental rates, as estimated by the cooperating farmers for similar land types in their areas, were within the range of rental rates reported in general surveys of rental rates [10]. In the case of the Atkinson site, the costs incurred on the abandoned portion of the field were included in total cost for the crop produced on the surviving portion.
Special considerations involving the time value of money and goods are required to determine the cost of producing perennial crops such as switchgrass. In this study, this is done by calculating the "annualized cost" of production [3, 17], using a real discount rate of 10%. While the average real prime discount rate in the USA is only about 4%, and the historic real rate of return to land is similar [12], a real rate of 10% is a more conservative estimate of the rate that is appropriate for enterprises with risks comparable to those of a switchgrass crop. To evaluate the sensitivity of results to this assumption, we have calculated that when the interest rate is reduced from 10% to 4%, the average cost per Mg is reduced by 4.1%, with the reduction at individual sites ranging from 2.2% (Huron) to 6.8% (Atkinson.)
To calculate annualized cost per hectare, the present value of the sequence of annual expenditures, Et, was first calculated using the 10% discount rate as PV = Σt (Et/(1.10)t). Planting expenditures were considered to occur at time t = 0, and all other expenditures and the harvest itself were considered to occur at the end of the respective crop year, i.e., at t = 1,…, 5. This present value was converted to an annuity of value A, paid at the end of each year through year 5, such that the present value of the annuity is identical to the present value of the expenditures incurred, viz., A = PV[0.10/(1−(1.10)−5)]. Thus, actual expenditures over the 5-year period are equivalent in present value to an "annualized" expenditure of A per hectare at the end of each year for the 5 years. To convert this annualized per hectare cost to cost per Mg, the "annualized yield" was calculated in exactly the same manner. Cost per Mg was then obtained by dividing annualized cost by annualized yield.
To provide an estimate of the cost of production for a projected 10-year cropping period, rather than the 5-year period observed, the average yield and expenditures for the last 4 years at each site were projected to occur at that site for each year from year 6 through year 10. The annualized cost of production over this 10-year period was then calculated as described above.
Annualized switchgrass yields on farm fields (Mg ha−1)
Rotation length
5 years (observed)
10 years (extrapolated)
Five highest yielding sites
All sites
Five lowest yielding sites
Annualized cost of production on farm fields ($ Mg−1 DM)
Rotation length
5 years (observed)
10 years (extrapolated)
Five highest cost sites
All sites
Five lowest cost sites
Annualized cost per hectare, by farm operation
Seedbed and planting
Weed control
Total cost
$ ha−1
Munich, ND
Streeter, ND
Bristol, SD
Highmore, SD
Huron, SD
Ethan, SD
Crofton, NE
Atkinson, NE
Douglas, NE
Lawrence, NE
Weighted avg
Weighted average annualized cost of producing switchgrass as a bioenergy crop by category of input
Annualized Costs
$ ha−1
$ Mg−1a
Machinery and labor
Seedbed preparation and seeding
Herbicide application/weed control
Fertilizer application
Bale and store
Total machinery and labor expenses
Herbicides and other chemicals
Total materials expenses
Land rent
Total cost (b)
The farm-level production costs from this study provide a benchmark for the cost of commercial production of switchgrass, stored at the farm gate, using technology available in the central and northern Great Plains at the turn of the century. While the average cost experienced over five seasons was $65.86 Mg−1, this cost would have fallen to about $59.10 Mg−1 if the rotation period had been extended to 10 years instead of 5. It is reasonable to conclude from this study that substantial quantities of switchgrass could have been produced in the northern Great Plains during this period at a farm-gate cost as low as $50 Mg−1, as half of our producers were able to produce at this cost.
Using a conversion rate of 0.38 l kg−1 [7], the farm-gate feedstock cost per liter averaged $0.173 l−1 over the 5 years, falling to $0.156 l−1 for a simulated 10-year rotation. Comparable figures for the low-cost producers are $0.137 and $.122 l−1, suggesting that substantial quantities of feedstock could have been produced at average costs in the vicinity of $0.13 l−1. The average cost of transporting round bales to a refinery is estimated [12] to be about $13 t−1, or $0.034 l−1, bringing the total cost of switchgrass feedstock delivered to the refinery to about $0.17 l−1. This compares to a net maize feedstock price of $0.13 l−1 at $2.00 bu−1, or $0.26 l−1 at $4.00 bu−1, the approximate range of maize prices paid by ethanol refineries during 2006 and 2007.
Wide disparities have existed among previous estimates of yield and production cost appropriate to the plains, ranging from $30–100 Mg−1. Estimates from the mid-1990's [8, 25], based on budgeting procedures, ranged from $25 to $30 Mg−1 ($31 to $37 in 2003 dollars), but did not include land cost, which is about 45% of cost among our producers. Even as late as 2003, yields were estimated at 7.8 Mg ha−1 for the North Central region [27], contrasted with our producers who experienced annualized yields of 5.0 Mg ha−1, and non-land costs were estimated at $25.62 Mg−1 compared with the average $36.29 Mg−1 for our producers (Table 4.)
We have made cost comparisons for previous studies that examined all cost components for switchgrass production (see Table 11 in the supporting materials.) To facilitate comparisons, we eliminated interest cost for all these studies as well as our own and calculated cost per Mg based on a 5-year rotation, ignoring any production during the establishment year. The cost estimates per Mg, adjusted to 2003 prices, range from $29.35 by Epplin [6] for the Oklahoma plains, to $72.50 by Hallam et al.[9], and $95.90 by Duffy and Nanhou [5] for Iowa cropland. The comparable number from our study is $63.83 Mg−1. The budgeted cost in Oklahoma is low partly because inputs were minimal, partly because land rent equivalent to $80 ha−1 is very low, and partly because postulated yield of 9 Mg ha−1 is high relative to the 6.4 Mg ha−1 realized by our producers during the 4 maintenance years of the rotation. Costs in Iowa are higher because of higher land rental rates and much higher fertilizer inputs, even though their yield estimates are also considerably higher (11.1 Mg ha−1 by Hallam et al. [9]), based on plot data, and 7.6 Mg ha−1 postulated by Duffy and Nanhou [5].
More recently, Pimentel and Patzek [18] proposed a yield estimate of 10 Mg ha−1 but reported two different cost estimates. In their Table 3 they specify only $23 Mg−1 for non-land costs, optimistic relative to the experience of our producers. In their Table 4 they report an extremely high total cost of $100 Mg−1, attributed to an unpublished study that is no longer available at the cited URL. Another recent study [15], based on a 4-year field-scale (8.6 ha) study in northern Italy, reported average yield at 6 Mg ha−1 for the last 3 years, annualized cost at about ∈120 Mg−1 (approximately $150 Mg−1.) To the authors' knowledge, this is the only other published study of recorded costs on field scale switchgrass production, though it is not very relevant to cost of production in the USA.
In comparison to crops such as maize, only a fraction of the research on developing improved cultivars or hybrids and improved management practices has been conducted for switchgrass. Improved management practices can result in both increased biomass and ethanol yields per hectare and can also result in reduced production costs per Mg of biomass. As an example, the farmers in this study who had the lowest production costs were those that were able to obtain harvestable yields the establishment year because of good weed control by the use of herbicides which controlled both broadleaf and grass annual weeds. Two of these low-cost producers had previous experience with switchgrass, indicating the importance of farmer experience in lowering production cost. They subsequently also had higher than average second year yields.
All the cultivars used in this study [20] were developed primarily for use in pasture production systems and not for high yield biomass energy production systems. To enhance economic production efficiency of biomass feedstocks for crops such as switchgrass, higher yielding cultivars or hybrids developed specifically for use as biomass energy crops and associated management practices will need to be developed for each major agroecosystem where these crops will be grown. Traditional breeding techniques have increased yield performance of switchgrass by 20 to 30% from existing parent types [13]. It is expected that further improvements in both genetics and breeding technology including the use of molecular markers will result in higher yielding cultivars and hybrids and improved agronomics (production system management practices and inputs) for dedicated energy crops such as switchgrass, which will further improve biomass yields, conversion efficiency, and Net Energy Value [23]. As an indicator of the improvement potential, switchgrass biomass yields in recent yield trials in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota [1, 2, 4] were 50% greater than achieved in this study.
This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, and by the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


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New Theory Explains Why the Universe Expands at an Accelerating Rate
"Space-time is not as static as it appears, it's constantly moving," one researcher said.
"Space-time is not as static as it appears, it's constantly moving," one researcher said.
A process which occurs in all mammals may be to blame.
University of Houston researchers discover a catalyst that may make commercial-scale hydrogen extraction from water possible.
Poaching is acting as unnatural selection in favoring tuskless African elephants.
A new study suggests that sensitivity to the emotion of disgust affects one's attitudes on immigration.
Are Americans finally embracing a better work-life balance? New Research by Project: Time Off indicates that Americans used more paid vacation days in 2016. On the downside, Americans still feel guilty about...
Sam Harris talks with David Deutsch about how modern people are already living like astronauts.
Marcus du Sautoy says that all of the greatest discoveries are behind us. Others are not so sure.
A new study by planetary scientists proposes a giant new space object which could have formed the Earth and the moon.
Is misinformation causing outbreaks of diseases long thought curable? A recent study found that just a simple "heads up" about fake news can help save thousands of lives.
Europe's best and brightest minds converge upon Budapest to solve the problems of today's Europe. Topics will include AI, the job market, emerging technology, and more.
Two addiction specialists believe we need to reframe the conversation around psychedelics.
Will Smith defends entry of non-theatrical Netflix movies at Cannes.
Few predators were ever as formidable.
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Download your PDF guide to Montegrosso
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Co-curricular Activities
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Video: Hey, maybe Rush is still on drugs, says Harkin Update: Harkin is a fake war hero himself
posted at 4:18 pm on October 1, 2007 by Allahpundit
Never have I been happier to send traffic to Think Progress, where they've momentarily suspended the Enlightened Finger-Wag of Shame to chortle at Tom Harkin getting very, very nasty on the Senate floor. Good stuff; bookmark it now because there'll be plenty of nasty, personal digs taken by the GOP before this campaign is through (especially if Hillary's the nominee) and you'll want this at the ready the next time those very enlightened, very superior left-wing fingers start wagging. Click the image to watch.
Update (bp): Well, I'd forgotten about this — Tom Harkin is a bit of a phony hero himself.
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Performance is an obsession at Sabisu. It has to be; the platform is growing constantly in terms of customers, users and data. Anything less than total commitment to performance would result in unacceptable, gradual degradation for our users. This week … Continue reading
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