text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 14, 1982
|Filing date
|Jun 26, 1978
|Priority date
|Jun 26, 1978
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Katherine D. Laakmann, Peter Laakmann
|Original Assignee
|Flir Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (26), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Thermal imaging systems provide a visual display of a scene in which the infrared light due primarily to emitted blackbody radiation from a scene is imaged, as opposed to visible imaging systems in which scattered or reflected visible light is imaged. By inserting one or more calibrated blackbodies within the thermal imaging systems, it is possible to correlate the grey shades of an image to the apparent temperature of objects within the image. Such a system is then called an imaging radiometer.
The typical fast framing thermal imaging system or FLIR (forward looking infra-red) collects, spectrally, filters and focuses the infrared radiation within the field of view onto an array of detectors. The detectors convert the optical signals into electrical signals which are amplified and processed for display on a video monitor. The image for a high performance system is typically provided on a T.V.-type monitor operating at T.V. frame rates. This is all accomplished in real time.
The major applications to date for thermal imaging have been for military and intelligence purposes, and the bulk of the prior of which we are aware is directed to accomplishing military purposes. For example, thermal imagers have been used in rifle scopes and gun sights and for surveillence and airborne weapon delivery. The military requirements are such that the typical thermal imager used for military purpoes is much too costly for commercial applications and has other characteristics which make it unsuited for direct application to many commercial fields.
All of the high performance thermal imaging systems use one of two mechanical raster scan concepts in combination with an array of cryogenically cooled detectors. One of these concepts employs a large array of up to 180 detectors oriented perpendicular to line scan dimension. The signals from the detectors are amplified and directly displayed by synchronously scanned light-emitting diodes or multiplexed to drive a cathode ray tube. This concept is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,181 issued to Daly et al.
A second approach is disclosed in Laakmann U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,642. In this implementation, a short array of detectors, such as ten to thirty detectors, is scanned two-dimensionally across the image. The detectors are oriented parallel to the line scan dimension of the T.V. raster to be generated. The signals from the detectors are summed appropriately in a delay line and processed to provide the image. Since each detector sees a perfect cold stop, this implementation provides thermal sensitivity equal to the less efficient Daly et al implementation.
An optical scanner which can accomplish two-dimensional scanning at commercial T.V. rates is described in Wheeler U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,192. This scanner is limited to scanning relatively small normalized apertures typically required for military applications. The scanner in military applications is typically used with ultra-high resolution telescopes, and accordingly, it is necessary to minimize the size of the scanner entrance pupil and/or the field angle unless the aberrations are allowed to become excessive. Consequently, the scanner is configured for small Dθ products of the order of 0.8 to 1 where D is the effective entrance (i.e., where the radiation enters the scanner) diameter in inches of the collimated beam and θ is the detector aximuth angular subtense in milliradians. At the entrance aperture, the effective diameter is the diameter of a circle which has an area equal to the cross-sectional area of the collimated beam.
The small Dθ products require the use of a large number of detectors in order to provide adequate sensitivity. The large number of detectors very substantially increases the cost of the unit to such an extent that a thermal imaging system using a large number of detectors is not feasible for many commercial applications.
The present invention reduces the cost of a thermal imaging system, by among other things, drastically reducing the number of detectors which is required. The number of detectors can be reduced, for example, to one or two without loss of sensitivity or image quality when compared to conventional FLIR imaging systems as long as extremely small fields of view are not required in an application. Although the number of detectors is reduced, a device constructed in accordance with this invention is adapted to scan a collimated beam in two dimensions at rates compatible with existing commercial television. Conversely, this invention can also be used to generate much higher levels of sensitivity with appropriate detector arrays.
To reduce the number of detectors, this invention allows scanning of a larger aperture for a given detector field of view measured at the input or entrance to the system. By way of example and not by way of limitation, the Dθ product may be about 2.1 or more than twice the typical Dθ product of the prior art. The infrared signal-to-noise ratio increases in direct proportion to the Dθ product and to the square root of the number of detectors and, accordingly, there is a gain in the signal-to-noise ratio resulting from the increased Dθ product. This improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio permits fewer detectors to be used than in the prior art.
The present invention can be advantageously embodied in a scanner which includes a rotatable mirror having a plurality of mirror surfaces for scanning a collimated beam through a first scan angle in a first dimension, and a framing mirror for scanning the collimated beam through a second scan angle in a second dimension. The rotatable mirror can advantageously be a facet mirror having a plurality of facets.
Scanning of larger apertures is made possible in part by using the lowest possible number of facets consistent with small aberrations associated with any accompanying optical system. Although the speed of the facet mirror must increase to compensate for the lower number of facets, the inertia and stored energy of the facet mirror and the bearing loads are reduced significantly with a decreased number of facets. Thus, greater reliability is obtained by using a smaller number of facets.
Typically, FLIRS of the two dimensionally scanning type use seven or more facets, but with the present invention, six facets can be used. A reduction in the number of facets increases proportionally the scan angle at the facet mirror. When the facet number is reduced to a number below the conventional facet number, an optical means should be provided so as to reduce excessive field angles for any telescope used in association with the scanner. Also, the optical means must allow two scanning functions to be coincident with the pupil or pupils so as to avoid an astigmatic image.
With this invention, the two above-noted requirements of the optical means are met by using a relay lens system having greater than unity magnification. The relay lens physically separates the azimuth scanning from the elevation scanning, such that the field angle at the input of the relay lens is due solely to the azimuth scanning. Because of the absence of a contribution to the total field angle at the relay lens input due to elevation scanning, larger azimuth scan angles, and hence smaller number of facets, are allowed than is conventional. The relay lens reimages the entrance pupil located at the facet mirror substantially onto the framing mirror so as to avoid astigmatic images if further telescopes are used.
The non-unity magnification of the relay lens allows the exit field angle from the framing mirror to be small enough as to be compatible with further telescopes. Preferably, the relay lens system is between the facet mirror and the framing mirror; however, if desired, the framing mirror can be appropriately located within the relay lens system. Preferably, the magnification is at least 1.2 in order to provide an adequately small field angle to any optional telescopes with which the system may be used. However, if the magnification exceeds about 2.5, the torque required to drive the framing mirror tends to become too high or its resonant frequency gets too low. By way of example, a magnification of 1.8 has been found to be very satisfactory.
The Wheeler patent referred to above provides for the generation of non-astigmatic images by generating an apparent pupil onto the facet mirror. Since any telescope or relay lens beyond the framing mirror of Wheeler sees a field angle due to both elevation and azimuth scans, a smaller azimuth scan angle is required than in the present invention. With the Wheeler design, the minimum number of facets is seven in order to avoid excessive aberrations by any accompanying telescope. As a result of the larger number of facets, considerably smaller apertures are required than in the present invention if the same bearing load, and hence reliability, are to be maintained. More typically, scanners of the Wheeler type are designed to operate at considerably higher bearing loads and, thus, lower reliability, but still cannot have as large apertures as allowed in the present invention.
In order to provide a radiometer function or video reference for dc restoration, an image plane must be provided at which a blackbody reference of known temperature can be provided. This, of course, permits the image of the scene to be compared to the blackbody. It is conventional practice to utilize a line blackbody with an afocal telescope. Unfortunately, a line blackbody is difficult to implement.
With the present invention, an image plane is provided in the optical path between the framing mirror and the rotatable mirror, and at least one point blackbody is provided substantially at the image plane. With this arrangement, the blackbody is scanned only by the rotatable mirror, and this will generate a blackbody line on the display. The point blackbody should be sufficiently close to the image plane so that such a line can be generated on the display as a result of the scan of the rotatable mirror.
One problem prevalent with thermal imaging systems that creates the required image plane for calibration by interposing a relay lens system (or telescope) in the light path between the object and the scanner is the "narcissus" effect when the instantaneous scan is on axis. Specifically, when the detector "sees" itself by means of a reflection from one or more of the lens surfaces, a strong signal due to this reflection is created which interferes with the signal from the image. Heretofore, efforts to solve this problem have involved the use of extremely good coatings on the lenses and strong curvatures of the lenses.
This invention allows using the relay lens system sufficiently off axis to prevent reflections from the lens system from adversely affecting the detector output signal. In addition, further cost savings are obtained by locating the relay lens system sufficiently off axis so that substantially only one half of the circular lens blank for such lens is in the light path. With this arrangement, this off-axis lens may be semicircular thereby reducing the cost of this lens.
It is conventional practice to provide a housing having a cavity in which the rotating mirror is positioned. The pressure in the cavity is reduced to subatmospheric to reduce the air friction on the high speed rotating mirrors. A higher vacuum typically of the order of microtorrs of absolute pressure is maintained in the dewar area, which contains the detector, and this is done for thermal insulating purposes in that the detector is cryogenically cooled. Pulling a vacuum high enough to satisfy this latter requirement requires expensive processing to assure long-term vacuum integrity.
The present invention provides adequate insulation for the cryogenically cooled detector while permitting the area around the detector to be evacuated to the same pressure as the remainder of the cavity in the housing. The detector vacuum is, therefore, maintained by the same normal field service measures which are used to insure a vacuum in the cavity for the rotating mirror. Adequate insulation for the cryogenically cooled detectors can be obtained by, for example, utilizing a suitable insulation, such as fiberglass, around the detector and by the vacuum pressure referred to above which reduces heat transfer due to convection.
The invention, together with further features and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawing.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a thermal imaging system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention and taken generally along line 1--1 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is an elevational sectional view of the thermal imaging system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the mirrors and relay lens system arranged linearly to better depict the image plane.
FIG. 4 is a section view on an enlarged scale showing a portion of the dewar area.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a thermal imaging system 11 which is adapted to be used in association with an optional telescope 13, the outline of which is shown schematically in dashed lines in FIG. 2. The thermal imaging system 11 includes an optical scanner 15 which optically scans a scene in two dimensions and provides an output signal to a signal processor 17. The output signal is an electronic signal which is related to a characteristic of the thermal energy of the scene. More specifically, the output signal is related to the emitted and reflected infrared radiation from objects in the scene. The signal processor 17 processes the output signal in a known manner so that an image can be formed by a display 19 in which the grey scales of the image represent the total radiation, emitted and reflected, from the scene. The display 19 may be a television-type video display.
The optical scanner of the thermal imaging system 11 may be described as an apparatus which projects radiation, such as light or infrared radiation, in collimated beams which trace a raster scan. Alternatively, it may be described as an apparatus which samples a radiation field of collimated light in a raster scan. Although the optical portion of the system 11 is used as a light sampler or receiver, it can advantageously be described as though it were projecting a collimated beam and, accordingly, is described hereinbelow in this manner.
The optical scanner 15 includes a detector 21 which may be, for example, a mercury cadmium telluride detector. The detector 21 is responsive to infrared radiation to provide an output signal related to the intensity of the thermal energy received by it. However, when viewed as a projector, the detector 21 becomes a point source of light which is directed toward a collimator 23. The collimator receives the light from the point source and collimates it to form a beam which is directed toward a rotating mirror which, in the embodiment illustrated, is a facet mirror 25. The collimator 23 is conventional. For example, the collimator 23 may include two spheric lenses 27 and 29 as shown in FIG. 1 or a single aspheric lens. The lenses 27 and 29 may be constructed of germanium or other suitable materials which pass infrared radiation. The lenses 27 and 29 are the only lenses or optical elements used between the detector 21 and the facet mirror 25.
The facet mirror 25 may be of conventional construction, except that it has only six identical sides or facets 31a-31f. The facet mirror 25 is mounted for rotation about a rotational axis 33 in any suitable manner, such as by a shaft 35 mounted for rotation by bearings 37. The facet mirror 25 may be driven as described in Wheeler U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,192. As shown in FIG. 2, the facet mirror 25 is rotated by a motor 39 which may be, for example, a stepping motor having a pole number corresponding to the number of facets. The facet mirror 25 performs a scanning function and its orientation in space determines the direction of the scan. Although various orientations of the optical scanner 15 are possible, in the embodiment illustrated, it is assumed that the rotational axis 33 is vertical, in which event, the facet mirror 25 performs a horizontal or azimuth scan.
As viewed in plan, the facet mirror 25 is in the form of an equilateral hexagon, and each of the facets 31a-31f has a planar, rectangular mirror surface which is perpendicular to a radial line perpendicular to the rotational axis 33. Thus, each of the facets 31a-31f is parallel to the rotational axis 33. The mirror surfaces may be of known construction and material suitable for reflecting infrared radiation.
The facet mirror 25 reflects the collimated beam of light from the collimator 23 through a telescope or relay lens assembly 41 to a framing mirror 43. The relay lens assembly 41 reimages the pupil P at the facet mirror 25 onto the framing mirror 43 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to provide a real exit pupil P1 at the framing mirror. In addition, the relay lens assembly 41 has a magnification of greater than unity so as to provide a horizontal field of view H1 which is smaller than the horizontal scan angle H (FIG. 1) and to provide the real exit pupil with a larger area than the pupil at the facet mirror 25. As explained more fully hereinbelow with the six facets 31a-31f, the horizontal scan angle H of the facet mirror 25 is 50.4 degrees in the line or azimuth direction in order to be compatible with commercial television. Thus, for a relay lens magnification of 1.8, the angle H1 is 28 degrees. Also, for the usual 3:4 aspect ratio, the vertical scan angle E of the framing mirror 43 is less than the angles H and H1 and, in this example, is 21 degrees. Accordingly, there is a larger field of view in the horizontal dimension than in the vertical dimension.
In the embodiment illustrated, the relay lens assembly 41 is in the form of an afocal telescope which includes an objective lens 45, an eyepiece 47 and a folding mirror 49 between the two lenses. The objective lens 45 can be moved along the optical axis 51 to focus the telescope. This, of course, moves the location of the exit pupil. However, it is preferred to have the exit pupil located on, or in close proximity to, the frame mirror 43. Of course, as the exit pupil is moved away from the framing mirror 43, the minimum size of the mirror 43 increases slightly and so does the inertia.
The eyepiece 47 focuses the collimated beam received from the facet mirror 25, and the objective lens 45 recollimates the radiation and directs it toward the framing mirror 43. For example, the eyepiece may be a plano-convex lens 47.
Collimated radiation passing through the eyepiece 47 is reflected by the folding mirror 49 through the objective lens 45 and onto the framing mirror 43. This provides an image plane 53 (FIG. 3) at which two point blackbodies 55 and 57 are located. Geometrically, the image plane 53 is in the form of a line of finite width.
The point blackbodies 55 and 57 are located sufficiently close to the image plane so that they will generate a line on the display 19 and are preferably located at the opposite ends of the line-like image plane 53.
The point blackbodies 55 and 57 can be generated in accordance with well-known techniques at these locations. For example, they may be thermoelectrically cooled/heated targets with temperature read outs. The blackbodies 55 and 57 represent accurately predetermined, relatively low and relatively high temperatures, respectively. Since the elevation scan is on the exit side of the image plane 53, the point blackbodies 55 and 57 each appear as a vertical line on the opposite vertical edges of the image on the display 19. Thus, the blackbodies can be used for visual and quantitative interpretation of the temperatures at various locations in the scene represented by the image. Also, the blackbodies can be used as a video reference so as to allow dc restoration. The blackbodies 55 and 57 may be of the cavity type with digital calibration and they may be driven by thermo-electric cooler/heaters.
The relay lens assembly 41 is interposed in the light path between the framing mirror 43 and the facet mirror 25, and is, therefore, used in only the azimuth scan. This makes it possible to use the relay lens assembly 41 off axis to eliminate narcissus reflection to the detector 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the eyepiece 47 is perpendicular to the optical axis 51 which is inclined upwardly through an angle T relative to a reference line perpendicular to the axis of rotation 33 of the facet mirror 25. In order to eliminate narcissus reflection, an angle T of about one degree has been found satisfactory. However, by increasing the angle T to, for example, 12 degrees, all of the radiation passing through the eyepiece 47 can be restricted to a sufficiently small area so that the eyepiece 47 can be of semi-circular configuration. The objective lens 45 is coaxial with the eyepiece 47.
Although the framing mirror 43 can be of various different types, it is preferably a servo controlled oscillatable mirror suitably mounted for oscillation about an oscillatory axis 59. A primary advantage of utilizing an oscillatable mirror for the framing mirror 43 is quick retrace or snap-back time. The framing mirror 43 may be of known materials and construction and it must be capable of reflecting infrared radiation.
In the embodiment illustrated, it is assumed that the oscillatory axis 59 extends horizontally and that the framing mirror 43 performs an elevation scan function. The oscillatory axis 59 lies in the plane of the framing mirror 43 and is transverse to the rotational axis 33 so that a line can be drawn between the axes which is perpendicular to both of the axes.
The magnitude of the angle of oscillation about the axis 59 of the framing mirror 43 should be consistent with the 3:4 image aspect of T.V. displays. Of course, a small angle of oscillation and a small mirror size reduce the torque requirements of the framing mirror 43. In the embodiment illustrated, the framing mirror 43 oscillates 5.25 degrees on either side of a vertical or nominal position for a total angle of oscillation of 10.5 degrees. This provides a vertical or elevation scan angle E of 21 degrees due to the framing mirror inherently producing an angular deviation of the reflected beam of twice the mirror angle change. In FIG. 2, the angle E is shown as the angle between the center axes of the two extreme positions of the collimated beam reflected by the framing mirror 43.
The framing mirror 43 may be driven by a motor 61 as shown in Wheeler U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,192. The framing mirror 43 is preferably driven at a 60 Hz rate. The framing mirror 43 scans as it is driven in one direction about the axis 59 and then snaps back with the snap-back time being dead time. The framing mirror 43 is used on axis to allow the scanning of a large aperture.
The collimated light reflected by the framing mirror 43 as viewed in the horizontal plane (FIG. 1) shifts through an angle H1 which, in the embodiment illustrated, is 28 degrees. The angle H1 as shown in FIG. 3 is measured between the center axes of the extreme positions of the collimated beam reflected by the framing mirror 43. This provides an optical field angle of 34 degrees.
The scanner 15 also includes a housing 63 including a window 65 of a material which is adapted to pass infrared radiation. The interior of the housing 63 is divided at the eyepiece 47 by a partition 62 into suitably sealed chambers 64 and 66. The chamber 66 contains the facet mirror 25 and the detector 21 and is evacuated by suitable vacuum equipment (not shown) to a subatmospheric pressure, such as about five torr. Thus, the detector 21 and the facet mirror 25 are exposed to the same vacuum pressure.
The collimated beam reflected by the framing mirror 43 passes through the window 65 and enters the telescope 13 which may be used, for example, to further reduce the angular blur.
Although the detector 21 can be mounted and cooled in various different ways, the preferred structure for accomplishing this is shown in FIG. 4. The detector 21 is suitably mounted on a copper rod 67 which projects from a heat sink 69 of kovar. The detector 21 may be cooled by subjecting the heat sink 69 to a liquid nitrogen environment. A glass tube 71 is fused to the kovar heat sink 69 and three conductive leads 73 extend from the detector 21 to terminals 75, respectively, (only one being shown in FIG. 4). An annular cold shield 77 is carried by the rod 67 and surrounds the detector 21. The cold shield has a central opening 79.
The region within the tube 71 communicates with the remainder of the cavity within the housing 63 through an opening 81 which is adjacent the lenses 27 and 29 of the collimator 23. The vacuum pressure within the tube 71 is substantially the same as the vacuum pressure within other regions of the housing because the lenses 27 and 29 do not seal the interior of the tube 71 from the remainder of the chamber 66. Fiberglass insulation 82 is provided in the annular space between the rod 67 and the tube 71 to thermally insulate the rod and the detector 21.
The tube 71 may be mounted on a wall 84 of the housing 63 by suitable mounting means 86 which also seals the tube-wall interface. Except for the fiberglass insulation 82 and the exposing of the detector 21 to the same vacuum that exists within other portions of the housing 63, the construction shown in FIG. 4 may be conventional. The filler gas for the chamber 66 should be devoid of carbon dioxide and water to avoid undesirable condensation and/or solidification. The liquid nitrogen for cooling the detector may be stored in a reservoir 85 (FIG. 2) within the housing 63.
With the arrangement described above, each facet corresponds to one line on the display 19 for each revolution of the facet mirror 25. Thus, a line scan rate of 7,875 scans per second which is required to generate a 525-line raster at fifteen frames per second with a single detector 21 or at thirty frames per second with two of the detectors can be obtained by rotating the six-sided facet mirror 25 at 78,750 rpm. The facet mirror 25 scans the angle H of 50.4 degrees optically which corresponds to 42 percent scan efficiency for a single detector 21 or 84 percent for dual detectors 21 of the standard T.V. line time of 63 microseconds. The detector field of view at the facet mirror is about 3.5 milliradians. The detector 21 can be diamond-shaped for increasing the limiting line number.
In use, the afocal telescope 13 is focused on a scene, the temperatures of which it is desired to detect. Collimated radiation is directed by the afocal telescope 13 onto the framing mirror 43 which oscillates to scan the field of view through the angle E and directs the collimated light through the relay lens assembly 41 onto the facet mirror 25. The facet mirror 25 may be controlled and synchronized with the framing mirror 43 electrically or as disclosed in Wheeler U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,192. The facet mirror 25 scans the field of view through the angle H. The collimated light from the relay lens assembly 41 is reflected by the facets 31a-31f sequentially onto the detector 21. The detector 21 provides an output signal representative of the thermal energy or temperature received by the detector. The signal processor 17 processes that signal and provides it to the display 19 so that the display 19 can image the scene. For calibration purposes, the blackbodies 55 and 57 are also imaged on the display 19 as vertical lines along the opposite edges of the display.
In order to better understand how the present invention achieves the advantages identified hereinabove, the following mathematical analysis is useful. For the standard 525-line television format with a frame rate of thirty Hz, the television line rate is 15,750 scans per second, and the elevation or field rate is sixty Hz. The active duty cycles are 84 percent in the azimuth direction and 92 percent in the elevation or field direction. If the facet mirror 25 were to achieve an 84 percent efficiency which is required for television, the facets 31a-31f would have to be very large, and centrifugal stresses would rupture all known materials. Accordingly, the facet mirror 25 scans only every second television line and uses a facet length with an active scan of 42 percent and an active time of 53 microseconds, and this is known practice for facet mirrors for T.V. scanners. This configuration will scan 525 lines in 1/15 second in combination with the sixty Hz elevation scan carried out by the framing mirror 43 and the standard television line rate of 15,750 scans per second. Using two detectors or arrays of the prior art spaced one field line apart and scanning simultaneously, the full line rate can be achieved and displayed by delaying one of the videos for a full line time of 63 microseconds. This generates a thirty Hz 525-line image. Typically, in the prior art, this requires a facet mirror diameter d of the order of 2.5 to 3.5 inches and 7 to 10 facets with the facet mirror rotating from 47,000 to 67,500 rpm and scanning apertures of 0.2 inch to 0.7 inch diameters.
In order to have a real exit pupil at the framing mirror 43, there is an implication that the framing mirror is co-located with the facet mirror 25. Obviously, the framing mirror 43 and the facet mirror 25 cannot be co-located, and so Wheeler U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,192 teaches the generation of an apparent pupil at the facet mirror. A 92 percent active time in elevation is difficult to implement with the Wheeler system, and as a practical matter, elevation active times of 70 to 80 percent are obtained. This generates a dead space in the display.
The inertia of the facet mirror increases with the fifth power of the increase in the beam effective diameter D. In order to obtain a Dθ product of 2.1, the facet mirror inertia in the Wheeler construction would have to increase by a factor of 125, and this prevents television compatible frame scanning for larger apertures. For this reason, the Wheeler construction cannot be scaled up to operate with a Dθ product much above 0.8.
The present invention is based in part upon the recognition that fixed relationships exist between the number of facets, the Dθ product and mechanical loads in order to obtain an image of predetermined quality as expressed by the number of azimuth "pixels" or lines. If a fixed Dθ product is to be used and the image is to be of a given quality, mechanical loads on the bearings 37 are minimized by rotating the facet mirror 25 at the highest possible speed consistent with the required television line number. Similarly, the framing mirror 43 should be oscillated at the highest possible angular rate about the axis 59 consistent with television requirements.
In order to increase rotational speed of the facet mirror 25 without exceeding the constraints imposed by television, the number of facets must be decreased proportionally. Because the horizontal scan angle H equals the azimuth scan efficiency times 720 degrees divided by the number of facets, scan angle H is inversely proportional to the number of facets. Thus, for a constant Dθ product and for a given image quality, there is a proportional decrease in pupil size. Because the diameter d of the facet mirror 25 is proportional to the square of the number of facets and because the height of the facets is proportional to the number of facets, the inertia of the facet mirror is proportional to N9 where N is the number of facets. Accordingly, the dominant bearing load on the bearings 37 due to precession is controlled by the number of facets and not the rotational speed of the facet mirror 25. Consequently, a facet mirror 25 having a relatively small number of facets and rotating at a correspondingly higher speed, provides for significantly reduced bearing loads.
With respect to the framing mirror 43, the elevation scan angle E is inversely proportional to the number of facets in order to maintain the desired 3:4 aspect ratio of the image. In other words, as the number of the facets decreases, the elevation scan angle E increases. However, the physical dimensions of the framing mirror 43 decrease linearly with a decrease in the number of facets. It can be shown, therefore, that the inertia of the framing mirror 43 decreases with the fifth power of the number of facets because the length of the framing mirror has a third power affect on inertia, and the width and thickness dimensions each have a first power effect on inertia. It can be shown that, even with the increased elevation scan angle E, torque demands decrease with the fourth power of the number of facets. Alternatively, for the same motor, the retrace or snap-back time of the framing mirror 43 may be decreased considerably while still maintaining torque constant.
It can be seen from the foregoing that a small number of facets is desirable. However, prior art designs based on two-dimensional collimated beam scanning, such as the Wheeler construction, cannot use facet numbers under seven because the optical field angle at the telescope interface would exceed fifty degrees, and this would lead to optical aberrations and distortion. By providing the relay lens system 41 with a magnification of greater than unity, the total diagonal field angle at the exit, i.e., near the window 65, is decreased to, for example, 34 degrees. The elevation scan is accomplished by the framing mirror 43 at the exit pupil which is reimaged to a space remote from the facet mirror 25. The framing mirror 43 can now be used on axis with a substantial decrease in inertia of the framing mirror.
The use of the relay lens system with a greater than unity magnification and the use of only six of the facets 31a-31f make possible substantial increases in the Dθ product. For example, a Dθ product of 2.1 can be obtained using a rectangular collimated beam having a horizontal dimension of 0.46 inch and a vertical dimension of 0.60 inch between the collimator 23 and the facet mirror 25 and an azimuth scan angle of 50.4 degrees. This can be obtained when the facet mirror 25 has six of the facets 31a-31f and a diameter d of 1.8 inch and is rotated at a speed of 78,500 rpm.
For example, the framing mirror 43 may be one inch by 1.4 inch with the long dimension extending vertically and having an inertia of about one gram-cm2. This compares to a 1.4 gram-cm2 inertia for typical FLIR mirrors in the implementation of the Wheeler Patent which uses a much smaller Dθ product. The oscillation angle of plus or minus 5.25 degrees is significantly less than plus or minus 8 degrees which is typical for implementations constructed in accordance with the Wheeler patent.
The increase in the Dθ product from 0.8 of the Wheeler design to 2.1 corresponds to a decrease in the number of the detectors 21 by a factor of 7 making high performance T.V. compatible scanning possible with only a single detector while reducing mechanical stresses associated with the mirrors 25 and 43. Of course, more than one detector 21 can be used with the present invention, if desired, for much higher sensitivity. For a single detector, a video noise-equivalent temperature of under 0.2 degrees C. can be realized in a 3.5 MHz bandwidth and 250 image pixels per azimuth scan.
Although an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, many changes, modifications and substitutions may be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without necessarily departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
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|Apr 14, 1988
|Mar 27, 1990
|Heraeus Lasersonics, Inc.
|Medical laser probe
|Dec 14, 1988
|Mar 27, 1990
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Radiation scanning system with pupil control
|Nov 7, 1988
|Apr 10, 1990
|Flir Systems, Inc.
|Imaging range finder and method
|Jan 26, 1989
|Jun 5, 1990
|Metrologic Instruments, Inc.
|Portable laser scanner with integral scanner engine
|Jan 23, 1989
|Oct 16, 1990
|Metrologic Instruments, Inc.
|Laser scanner engine with folded beam path
|Nov 2, 1989
|Feb 12, 1991
|Printware, Inc.
|Self-resonant galvanometer scanning system with evacuated chamber
|Sep 14, 1989
|Jul 9, 1991
|Heraeus Lasersonics, Inc.
|Medical laser probe and method of delivering CO2 radiation
|May 29, 1990
|Feb 25, 1992
|Kollmorgen Corporation
|Integrated thermal imaging system
|Aug 19, 1992
|Jan 25, 1994
|Must Systems, Inc.
|Dual reflecting type and transmitting type scanner
|Jan 12, 1994
|Jan 9, 1996
|Must System Inc.
|Reflection type to transparence type scanner converter
|Oct 19, 1994
|Feb 4, 1997
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Structure for attaching scanning optical system
|May 12, 1995
|Jul 15, 1997
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Second generation FLIR NV-81
|Mar 20, 1997
|Dec 26, 2000
|Finmeccanica S.P.A. Ramo Di Azienda Alenia Difesa
|Infrared image sensor with incorporated functions
|Mar 25, 2003
|Nov 30, 2004
|Hypervision, Inc.
|High sensitivity thermal radiation detection with an emission microscope with room temperature optics
|Jul 24, 2006
|Sep 23, 2008
|Microvision, Inc.
|Optical scanning system with correction
|Mar 25, 2003
|Nov 27, 2003
|Hypervision Inc.
|High sensitivity thermal radiation detection with an emission microscope with room temperature optics
|Mar 6, 2006
|Jul 6, 2006
|Lewis John R
|Scanned beam system with distortion compensation
|Jul 24, 2006
|Dec 21, 2006
|Tegreene Clarence T
|Optical scanning system with correction
|Feb 16, 2008
|Jun 12, 2008
|Microvision, Inc.
|Method and Apparatus for Compensating for Distortion in a Scanned Beam System
|Mar 26, 2003
|Apr 1, 2009
|High sensitivity thermal radiation detection with an emission microscope with room temperature optics
|Mar 26, 2003
|Oct 16, 2003
|Hypervision, Inc.
|High sensitivity thermal radiation detection with an emission microscope with room temperature otpics
|U.S. Classification
|348/203, 250/334, 250/353, 250/236, 348/168, 359/201.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 5, 2001
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., WASHINGTON
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT NUNC PRO TUNC 12/16/99;ASSIGNOR:FLIR SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011601/0034
Effective date: 19991216
|May 24, 2001
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., WASHINGTON
Free format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:FLIR SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011837/0965
Effective date: 19991216


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Sinclair Place (formerly Prairie Springs)
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Top nearby Assisted Living Facilities
Reviews of Sinclair Place (formerly Prairie Springs)
K.O.1 December 30, 2015
I am a friend or relative of a resident
My mom has been at Sinclair Place for five months. She loves the people and the management. They're very caring, personable, and incredibly helpful. She just feels right at home there. My mother is staying in a studio, but it is spacious and doesn't feel cramped. Everything is clean, well maintained, and easily accessible for her. She said the food is good and have nice menu choices that they can check off for what they would like to eat each day. They have groups that are assigned to tables, so she always gets tablemates. They have weekly runs to Walmart that she goes on every now and then. They have movie nights and Wii bowling tournaments that she has participated in and do read-alouds of different books that she has enjoyed. There's space to work on puzzles with friends. I think Sinclair has been a great place for her. They work with us to solve any problem that have come up. I can say there is nothing that needs changing.
Caring102674150 February 25, 2015
I visited this facility
The name of the place is Sinclair. It's a small place, but everything is good. The cleanliness is above average. My mother-in-law will be up there in a couple of weeks. The atmosphere seems pretty nice, and everybody seems happy. The staff is good. We had lunch, and it was good. The dining room is more restaurant style. They have an activity person and stuff. We chose it because of the location. We wanted to be in Sequim.
Caring102182150 February 10, 2015
I am a friend or relative of a resident
My mom moves in to Sinclair Place. It is a very friendly and happy place. It has very lovely apartments and very nice people. They have very friendly staff. They have an activities director who talks to every resident and builds their activities around with the residents' like. They do a lot of stuff. They have a beautiful dining hall that is always set with linens. There is a lot of sitting areas throughout the facility. They have a nice library. There are computers and internet access. There are several places where people can gather and watch television together. There are game areas and exercise rooms. My mom is very happy there. They are consistently very helpful and very caring. I will encourage people to have their parents move there.
Doug13 July 08, 2014
I visited this facility
Clean. Friendly staff throughout. Variety of room plans. Was told by others that staff turns over a lot but I didn't get that feeling. Was looking for accommodations for both a mother and a father. Mom liked it and was ready to move in. Dad refused due to available rooms being on second floor and too far from elevator.
Sharon44 March 27, 2014
I visited this facility
Prairie Springs was very nice. It seemed to be very clean. The medication management seemed to be adequate. The food seemed to be excellent for the patients.The rooms were very nice. It's large, roomy, and clean, with really good lighting. They had large windows for the people to be able to look out. It was very bright looking. They had separate bathrooms. Every one of the patients had a nice area there to themselves. It's almost like a home, like their own bedroom. I just thought it could probably use a little more staff because it seemed to be a little understaffed.
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About Sinclair Place (formerly Prairie Springs)
Sinclair Place (formerly Prairie Springs) is an assisted living facility in Sequim, WA that offers residents independent living options and daily support services. Contact Sinclair Place (formerly Prairie Springs) for more details on housing, services, and rates.
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By Marisol Bello, USA TODAY
Holocaust survivor Gisela Fischer prefers not to relive the memories of 64 years ago, when she lived and worked in a Jewish ghetto in German-occupied Hungary during World War II.
The four months she spent in the Matasolka ghetto, one of dozens established by the Nazis to confine Jews, was the last time she and her family lived together before they were sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Her parents and younger brother were killed there.
Still, the 85-year-old West Palm Beach resident says, in 2003 she tapped into that time in her life to apply for a German pension for working as a cleaning girl in a hospital.
"I went through so much," she says. "Germany tried to keep everything. They should give something."
That's why she says she was even more pained when the German government said she was not eligible for a pension because she had performed forced, unpaid labor — which meant she didn't pay taxes toward a pension.
Now Germany is offering ghetto workers such as Fischer who were denied pensions a one-time payment of 2,000 Euros, about $3,000.
Jewish organizations are alerting the estimated 20,000 survivors in the USA who worked in ghettos. The German government estimates that 50,000 people around the world are eligible for the Ghetto Labor Compensation Fund.
The U.S. Congress and Jewish organizations lobbied Germany after the country denied 90% of the pension applications from ghetto workers, says Volker Schmidt, a lawyer with Bet Tzedek Legal Services. Bet Tzedek, based in Los Angeles, helps survivors file applications.
"I need every penny," says Fischer, who lives alone and would use the money to buy medicines for her thyroid condition and diabetes.
Germany has paid about 300 former ghetto workers out of 14,000 applications it has received worldwide, says Gideon Taylor, executive vice president of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, which negotiates compensation programs.
In an e-mail from its embassy in Washington, the German Ministry of Finance says it offers the compensation because too many survivors did not qualify for either the pension or payment under a separate slave labor fund.
The ghetto worker fund is one of 63 reparations programs set up by 26 governments in Europe and Israel since the 1950s to compensate Nazi victims, according to the Claims Conference.
One of the largest dates to 1953, when the German government paid up to $8,000 apiece to Nazi victims denied liberty when they were forced into concentration camps or ghettos or forced to wear a yellow star. That program expired in the mid-1960s.
The ghetto workers program compensates survivors who performed unpaid and supposedly voluntary labor, from babysitting to digging ditches. The ghettos became holding areas to gather Jews before they were sent to concentration camps.
Helen Korb was 8 in 1941 when the Germans invaded the Belarus town of Mier and forced her family into a ghetto. She and her mother, Shirley Strozenberg, cleaned military barracks. They were paid with an occasional piece of bread.
She lived in the ghetto for two years before she and her parents were sent to a concentration camp in Belarus, where they escaped.
Her younger brother, grandparents and aunt were killed in the ghetto.
Korb, 75, is applying for the compensation on principle. She says the relatively small payment is symbolic and nothing can make up for her family's suffering.
"I don't think there is any compensation for somebody not allowed to be a child," says Korb, who lives in Los Angeles. "I don't remember having a childhood. I don't remember having an adolescence.
"My brother was killed, my grandmother was killed, my grandfather was killed, my aunt was killed. Everybody was slaughtered. Nobody can compensate you for what was taken away."
Conversation guidelines: USA TODAY welcomes your thoughts, stories and information related to this article. Please stay on topic and be respectful of others. Keep the conversation appropriate for interested readers across the map.


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Human Services Worker Salaries
View Human Services Worker Hourly Wages
Alternate Job Titles: Direct Care Provider, Human Services Worker
How much does a Human Services Worker make? The median annual Human Services Worker salary is $26,789, as of April 27, 2017, with a range usually between $22,603-$32,343, however this can vary widely depending on a variety of factors. Our team of Certified Compensation Professionals has analyzed survey data collected from thousands of HR departments at companies of all sizes and industries to present this range of annual salaries for people with the job title Human Services Worker in the United States.
This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Human Services Worker in the United States that make less than that annual salary. For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Human Services Worker in the United States is $26,789, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Human Services Worker in the United States are expected to make less than $26,789.
Source: HR Reported data as of April 27, 2017
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This chart describes the expected percentage of people who perform the job of Human Services Worker that make less than that salary. For example 50% of the people who perform the job of Human Services Worker are expected to make less than the median.
Source: HR Reported data as of May 2017
Provides assistance to individuals with disabilities or who need assistance with daily tasks. Provides training in life skills. May work in social service facilities and programs such as group homes, mental health centers, youth service agencies, and adult care centers. May require a bachelor's degree in area of specialty and 0-2 years of experience in the field or in a related area. Familiar with standard concepts, practices, and procedures within a particular field. Relies on limited experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals. Performs a variety of tasks. Works under general supervision. A certain degree of creativity and latitude is required. Typically reports to a supervisor or manager. View full job description
View Non-Profit and Social Services Jobs by Salary Range: <$30K, $30K–$50K, $50K–$80K, $80K–$100K, >$100K
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PS3 Slim 120GB doesn't turn on right away
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So I came home one day and I walked by the PS3 and I noticed the little red light wasn't on. So I checked the power cord and pulled it out and plugged it back in and it came back on. I turned it on and it turned right off. I did that a few times and it finally stayed on but I couldn't hear the fan running or the hard disk turn on, but it finally did after about 2 to 3 minutes and that's just how it's been since.
So everytime I turn it on, it beeps as if I was turning it on normally, it lights up normally but nothing starts actually running for 2 to 3 minutes. I did a quick format and a complete format. I opened it up and checked all the connections and cleaned all the dust out. I'm wondering if there's anything I can do or if someone knows exactly what's wrong with it before I contact Sony. I don't have it under warranty or anything so I'm trying my best. I'm not too saavy on the inner workings of computers but I can take them apart and put them back together correctly and understand what I'm looking at.


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I have known hundreds of Vietnam war veterans and the percentage of those having any trauma is very, very low. I am a veteran of that war myself. I also flew as aircrew in combat in the Second World War and know that most combat veterans experienced few problems. Most people "recover" quite handily and resume their normal life after this war or any catastrophe.
If these claims were true, 43 per cent of the British civilians who survived the horror of the Second World War bombing would still be walking around in a daze. On the contrary, when the war ended, most people put those horrors behind them and resumed their normal lives. My experiences with German civilians have been the same. They resumed their normal lives without great difficulty.
Most sincerely,
London N3
10 AprilReuse content


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Headline News from PaymentsNews.com - March 31, 2014
On the Web:
- Bitcoin Is Pointless as a Currency, But It Could Change the World Anyway - Wired (Felix Martin) - "As Europe's medieval merchant-bankers proved, a brilliant new means of recording and verifying money transfers can indeed be a revolutionary event — not just in economic, but in political terms."
- Square Market Partners With Coinbase To Accept Bitcoin - TechCrunch - "Square is working with Coinbase to process bitcoin exchange."
- Who's Behind the 'BLS Weblearn' Credit Card Scam? - Krebs on Security - "A new rash of credit and debit card scams involving bogus sub-$15 charges and attributed to a company called "BLS Weblearn" is part of a prolific international scheme designed to fleece unwary consumers."
- Bitcoin Tax Ruling - Credit Slips Blog (Adam Levitin) - "For a payments geek, the real lesson from the IRS Bitcoin ruling is that for a currency--or any payment system--to work, its units must be completely fungible."
- Why Bitcoin Faces an Uphill Battle in the Remittance Market - CoinDesk - "Perhaps most notable of Brown's concerns was that current regulation poses a formidable barrier even to new traditional remittance businesses."
On the Wires:
- Small Businesses Get Time Back With Square's Accounting Integrations - "Today Square launched its software partner platform, collaborating with third parties to build new applications that complement Square's suite of business services. The launch extends Works with Square, a program launched earlier this year to connect customers with more tools for their businesses."
- Mercury Payment Systems Files S-1 Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering of Its Class A Common Stock - "Mercury Payment Systems, Inc., a payments technology and services provider for small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) in the United States and Canada, announced today that it has filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a proposed initial public offering of its Class A common stock."
- Fandango, Credit Karma Settle FTC Charges that They Deceived Consumers By Failing to Securely Transmit Sensitive Personal Information - Federal Trade Commission - "The FTC alleged that, despite their security promises, Fandango and Credit Karma failed to take reasonable steps to secure their mobile apps, leaving consumers' sensitive personal information at risk."
- OfferPipe Simplifies Mobile Card-Linked Offers for Merchants - "OfferPipe helps small- and medium-sized businesses, known as SMBs, tap into large new audiences through mobile advertising placements and personalized offers on Facebook, Twitter, Foursquare and other social media outlets."
- Green Dot Announces New and Improved Retail Cash Reload Process for Customers of Its Industry-Leading Green Dot Reload Network - "As the name implies, "Reload @ the Register" lets prepaid cardholders simply go to the register at any participating retailer to conduct their cash reload transaction."
- GlobalCollect Introduces Business Intelligence Solution to Optimize Payments for Merchants - "Elevate combines GlobalCollect's payments knowledge with strategic guidance from leading international eCommerce companies and the industry-leading data visualization platform by Tableau Software*, to create a payments intelligence solution consisting of highly interactive management dashboards that answer real business questions."
Updates from Glenbrook:
- Glenbrook Payments Boot Camps: May 6-7 and Oct 7-8 in Palo Alto, CA.; Aug 5-6 in San Jose, CA.
- The Kindle edition of our book "Payments Systems in the U.S. - Second Edition" - is now available in the Kindle Store as well as in an iBooks version for your iPad or Mac in the iBooks Store.
- Feedback: How are we doing for you? I'd love to hear from you - drop me a quick note: firstname.lastname@example.com or leave me a voicemail: +1.650.469.3421.
- Got news? Please forward press releases to: firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Need consulting help from Glenbrook for one of your payments projects? Let us know your needs here - and we'll get right back to you!
- Join our mailing list for updates about Glenbrook events. Follow us on Twitter: @paymentsnews and @paymentsviews


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Mobile App
Srinivasa Institute of Management Studies - SIMS Vishakapatnam - SIMS
SIMS was established in 1995 and promoted by Sri Late Alwar Das, former Education Minister of A.P. with a vision to produce the best managers and software professionals to the country by providing effective faculty from the academic and industry an Good Infrastructure like fully equipped Class Rooms, Seminar Halls, Computer Labs, Case Discussion Rooms and Ampthi theatre for conduting Management Events. In addition to the above, Sports facilities like Cricket, Volley Ball, Throw Ball and Indoor Sports Facilities like Gym, Table Tennis, Chess, Carram Board etc. have been provided
SIMS is affiliated to Andhra University and Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India. The campus is located in the lush green valley of P.M.Palem, Visakhapatnam, spread over 30 acres of land, beside the National Highway No.5 and opposite International Cricket Stadium. SIMS has an added advantage of being located close to the hub of hi-tech towers that are going to come up in the near future. The classroom teaching is structured in such a way that students are encouraged to interact with the faculty and every student feels the personalised attention. Students are also encouraged to put in practise various management concepts like leadership, motivation, organising skills and so on. They are helped in developing right approach towards planning their career.
Overview Courses
|List of entrance exams
|Common Admission Test, XAT, MAT, AIMS Test for Management Admissions(ATMA), CMAT
|Total faculty
Overview Campus
|30 Acres
Overview Placement
SIMS lays emphasis on students' career guidance and placement through a committee comprsing students, placement officer, faculty members and the Director to assist them to plan their career in management profession as well as the project works and final placements. Some of the organisations which have facilitated the students in the past for summer and final placements are as Wipro,ICICI, HDFC Bank, TCS and many more.
|Number of visiting companies
Overview 360° View
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|02 Apr, 2016


text:
Chapter Twelve
Daniela was quite comfortable trotting along behind the Captain, keeping her eyes on his back all the time as they progressed in silence. Although the silence was fairly comfortable, part of Daniela wanted to be back with the men on foot, mainly Stuart and Ronan, having an interesting and funny conversation to pass the time.
It took them six hours to make it to their training camp twenty miles from the border, close enough to be ready if they were needed but far enough away to train without the risk of being attacked. It was dark as they entered the guarded gates and the shadows wandering around in the darkness sent warning shivers up Daniela's spine.
"Horses are to be fed and watered in the stables before the riders can retire," the Captain told the horsemen. "If I find one horse with its tack still on before I go to bed then the rider shall pay the consequences."
All the men nodded in understanding, too tired to argue with their leader.
"Good, then you will be shown to your dorms which will be your homes for as long as we are here. Training begins first thing tomorrow."
Daniela led Oblivion to the stables, mechanically taking off her tack and rubbing her down carefully.
"There you are," Ronan said, appearing out of the darkness. "I told you I'd find you again, didn't I." He automatically picked up a brush and began dragging it down Oblivion's side.
"What are you doing?" Daniela asked. "You should be asleep in bed by now, not helping me."
"I'd be a terrible friend if I didn't help you. And besides, two pairs of hands will get the job done quicker than with one."
Daniela didn't have the energy to argue with him so allowed Ronan to work on Oblivion until she was ready for the night. She then followed him towards the building where the dorms were housed, almost blinded when the candlelight inside hit her face. She allowed herself to be led down the corridors and into a dorm where Ronan directed her to a bunk.
"You'll be sharing with me," Ronan said, "and I've already dibbed top bunk so you're on the bottom."
Daniela didn't complain, she just collapsed onto the bed and was asleep in moments.
When she woke the next morning Daniela was definitely feeling worse for wear. Her legs ached from all the running and riding she had done the previous day and her head rung with the sound of the bell demanding that she get out of bed.
Still half delirious with sleep, Daniela staggered out of bed in her clothes and was about to try and get changed when she realised everyone could see her. She was completely exposed in a room full of men. If she took her shirt off they would see her bandaged chest and they would know something was wrong.
"You look rough," Ronan observed from his top bunk, his bare chest staring down at Daniela in a way that made her feel a little uncomfortable. "Good night's sleep?"
Daniela only groaned in reply, looking away and picking up her jerkin from where it had been dropped the night before and pulling it on over her shirt.
"A bit of breakfast will make you feel a lot better," Ronan reassured, jumping down from the bunk and throwing his shirt on. "Come on, I'm starving."
Daniela followed Ronan out of the dorm and out of the building. In the light of day she could see that there were four buildings in the camp. One was the soldier's dorms, another she assumed was the mess hall, but she had no idea what the other two were. The four buildings all surrounded a giant patch of open space covered in sand that could only be the training ground. Daniela began to feel intimidated by it as she walked across the space towards the mess hall.
The room was an explosion of noise that deafened Daniela the moment she walked in. There were already nearly a hundred men eating in the hall, all from Daniela's company. None of them looked up as she walked past.
She collected a bowl of what she guessed was porridge and took a seat at the end of a bench with Ronan. The slop in front of her didn't look appetizing in the slightest and for a good few minutes she didn't eat a mouthful.
"You're going to have to eat something," Ronan said as he shoveled the food into his mouth. "Who knows when we're going to be fed next."
Reluctantly, Daniela started spooning the porridge into her mouth, cringing each time she had to swallow it down. Ronan looked pleased with himself as he finished off his share and settled down to watch Daniela finish hers.
But before Daniela could finish, the whole room went silent and looked up as the Captain entered the mess, Stuart on one side, a man Daniela didn't recognise on the other. Every pair of eyes were on the trio as they walked along the length of the mess hall and collected their portion of breakfast, all questioning why the Captain was eating with the soldiers and not with his officers.
The tension in the room increased as the Captain turned around to sit down. No one knew what to. Should someone stand and offer their seat? Or invite him join them?
Luckily for the soldiers, Stuart took the lead and walked straight over to the spare seat next to Ronan, putting his tray down confidently.
"You don't mind if we join you?" He asked rhetorically.
"Of course not," Ronan replied, knowing it was the only answer he could give. Daniela smiled at Stuart as he sat down but only to ignore the stranger sitting on Stuart's right and the dark shadow of the Captain putting his tray down next to hers.
"Captain, these were the men I told you about. This is Ronan Payne and Danny Gilbert."
"Yes I recognise Danny," the Captain said, turning his eyes onto Daniela. "You're the boy who stood up to Adan."
"Yes sir," Daniela said, keeping her head down.
"Don't call me sir," the Captain protested in a lighthearted way. "Not in here anyway. In here I'm Garrett, just another soldier."
"You just like to pretend you're one of us," the stranger joked, "but I know you like the power."
"Gentlemen this is Ian Jones, my second-in-command," Garrett introduced the stranger. "I'd keep an eye on him, he's a bit of a practical joker when he's off duty."
To her surprise Daniela found herself laughing along with the rest of the men. She didn't think that the people in charge could be this human. Captain Garrett in particular made Daniela smile. She had guessed that he was about twenty-six years old, older than Ronan's twenty-one years, but not as old as Stuart's thirty. Ian she found impossible to guess because of the child-like qualities of his face; chubby cheeks and dimples. She wondered if every company was this young and came to the conclusion that they couldn't be. There weren't enough young men in Varall to make up an army of them.
"Time to put my commanding hat on," Garrett said as he put down his spoon. "I want to see you men out on the training field in five minutes or there'll be hell to pay."


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Ten minutes and eleven seconds to be exact. Just one of 10 scenes on YouTube from Here Comes Mr. Jordan. I think the entire film may be online at YouTube...
Desire: A Day in the Country (1936)
2 hours ago
I love this movie - it's funny and cute :D
I mean, Bob playing or rater, attempting to play the saxophone? Priceless.


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APL Access & Security Inc. Overview
APL Access & Security is headquartered in Gilbert, Arizona and has been serving the Arizona and Southwest region of the US for over 27 years. They focus on business, commercial, government, and industrial clients with top of the line technology and integrated systems that operate seamlessly. The company specializes in integrated systems that include access control, intrusion protection, gate systems, CCTV, and electronic doors.
Technicians are all factory trained experts which provides a higher level of product knowledge that benefit customers. Technicians understand how to install, repair and utilize each piece of equipment in the most efficient way. They are also skilled at training owners, staff and employees on how to use the systems that have been installed. The company hires and trains system engineers, technicians, CAD designers and project managers. Employees are able to work with retrofitting existing buildings as well as working with new construction projects. Technical support is available 24 hours a day 365 days a year.
APL is certified by PSA Security Networks and Security Net and is also 8A certified by the SBA. APL is associated with National Industrial Security Systems and is UL listed. They also participate with ASIS International and NSCA Building Connections. Being involved and certified by industry leaders keeps their quality and customer service levels high. It also provides information on industry trends and helps the company learn of new products coming to market and new security issues as they occur.
APL has been listed as one of the top 100 security integrators in the SDM Security Magazine for 5 years. With 2012 being the last year awarded. They are part of the government procurement system for both equipment and installations for 8 product lines. The company has completed security projects with the Hoover Dam, Glenn Canyon Dam, Boulder City, Phoenix Airport, the US Customs Border Control and many more large corporations and government contracts.
APL Access & Security Inc. Reviews
APL Access & Security offers a high level of customer service. They are certified to complete government contracts and retain highly trained employees through taking care of their staff. As a result the business sees much of its growth through customer referrals. They have an impressive resume as far as large contracts and government jobs completed.
This is a result of very competitive pricing and a high level of expertise that is recognized by customers and potential clients. Customers like that the company is very professional in everything they do. They have a reputation for getting to the job on time, completing the task and leaving the place clean and orderly. This level of professionalism results in high customer marks.
APL Access & Security Inc. Equipment
APL offers a full range of security products for clients including access control systems which limit personnel access to secure areas of a building. Access control can include photo ID badging and custom encoding. This is a very important security feature for many commercial, industrial and government facilities. Intrusion detection, video surveillance and closed circuit television systems are also available to provide a full range of security needs. Gate entry systems, intercom systems, electronic door locks and locksmith services enable APL to provide a full range of security products that meet the needs of small and large businesses.
Their specialized and well trained employees are able to integrate systems with existing security measures, new construction, and retrofitting existing buildings. All while providing the highest level of security and seamless integration.
APL Access & Security Inc. Packages
Given the individual needs of each commercial, industrial or government establishment, all systems are custom designed. The CAD designers can work with builders to fully integrate new systems into the construction plans. They are also able to create designs that enable services to be done quickly and the equipment to be monitored and tested frequently. Businesses and high security facilities like airports and government buildings cannot afford to have security measures fail. This means the design must be flawless and the installation perfect. This takes years of training to understand the intricacies of such high security needs.
Whether you are a small business or a major government facility, APL has the equipment and the expertise to meet your security needs. Their products are warrantied through the manufacturer and the service is fast and professional. The company also offers maintenance contracts which covers service calls, equipment replacement, lab fees, system testing and cleaning, software upgrades and technical support. Preventive maintenance reduces overall costs and helps company budget for their security needs.
How to Contact APL Access & Security Inc.
Website: http://www.aplsecurity.com/
Phone: 866-873-2288


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How many petals does a santan have?
On each flower of a santan it has 4 petals I hope you r happy now sincerly Bethany-k xXx
How many petals does a santan flower have?
How many petals does a carnation have?
Carnations can have as few as five petals per flower to as many as 40.SourceCarnations
How many petals does a lily have?
Lilies usually have six petals total in two sets of three petals each. Sometimes a lily will only have one set and therefore only three petals. All parts of the lily, including the petals, are pois...
Read More »
How many petals does a marigold have?
"boodle", "borecole", "brassica oleracea acephala", "bread", "cabbage", "clams", "cole", "colewort", "dinero", "dough", "gelt", "kail", "lettuce", "lolly", "loot", "lucre", "moolah", "pelf", "scrat...
Read More »


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The beautiful one40william commercial tower located at 140 William Street, Perth. Images shot for creative consultancy Zebra Creative.
Lifestyle imagery for creative agency Zebra Creative. Shot in and around Fremantle, Western Australia for a new build development to the South Fremantle area.
Images of American artist Matt W. Moore's commercial centre soffit at 140. Shot for specialist design consultancy UAP Company.


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Download PC games new latest full
|MahjongMahjong Garden Deluxe Read reviews, rate games, download free trials/versions.
Mahjong Garden Deluxe
Reviewed by Yuri Storchak
Genre and what to do:Mahjongg. These ancient Chinese solitaire diversions are a perfect way to melt away the day's stressors, whether it's during the last few minutes of a coffee break at work, at the end of a hectic day at the office or on a rainy Sunday afternoon. It's a well-rounded game with plenty to do and see. Mahjong games are solitary puzzle games whereby players are presented with a board of tiles and you must successfully match two identical tiles in order for them to clear the screen. Simply your goal is to clear the entire board. In some cases the tiles don't need to be the same, such as two red bamboo shoots, but might be paired by theme, such as two out of the four seasons or two different kinds of flowers. The rules state that only tiles with at least one side free can be used to pair with another one. It doesn't mean that all tiles you can see on the board could be accessible to you. You can soothe your senses while playing the relaxing new game of colorful tiles set in a Chinese Zodiac.
Style and atmosphere inside the game:Casual gamers, who want a relaxing time-waster won't find anything more therapeutic than a Mahjong game. Aside from its colorful graphics and soothing music, this game's strengths lie in the sheer number of options presented to the player. There are over 100 unique mahjong puzzles and 9 tile sets to choose from inside the game. Also game presents three different modes of playing. They are the Traditional, Garden and the new Tower modes. The Tower mode is a multi player mode, so you can get some new perspectives. You can unlock power-ups, which can be useful while solving your puzzles on the way. Mahjong World also adds a point's scheme and a timer, so if you'd like to compete with others around the world, you can. The graphics and audio system are stunning. Gentle oriental music and sounds are southing your as you match tiles. You can be kept near the computer for long hours with these puzzles.
player'S REVIEW
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|© TerraGame Group 2014


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The 67th Music Circus season kicks off with a two-week run of Disney's beloved family classic musicalBeauty and the Beast. Performances are Tuesday, June 20 through Sunday, July 2 at the Wells Fargo Pavilion. (more...)
Here are some examples of when audience participation has gone horribly wrong. (more...)
As BroadwayWorld previously reported, SOMETHING ROTTEN!'s current cod-piece clad Shakespeare -- Will Chase -- will depart the show on October 9, and will be replaced temporarily by understudy Eric Sciotto. Sciotto will assume the role through October 23. A permanent replacement has not yet been announced. (more...)
Following the solemn news of SOMETHING ROTTEN's closing last night, the Broadway musical's current cod-piece clad Shakespeare -- Will Chase -- took to Twitter today to announce his own departure date. No word yet on his replacement. (more...)
The 10-time Tony Award nominated hit musical comedy Something Rotten!, directed and choreographed by Tony Award winner Casey Nicholaw (The Book of Mormon, Aladdin), with music and lyrics by Grammy Award winner and Tony Award nominee Wayne Kirkpatrick and Golden Globe Award and Tony Award nominee Karey Kirkpatrick and a book by Tony Award nominees Karey Kirkpatrick and best-selling author John O'Farrell will conclude its critically acclaimed engagement on Broadway on January 1, 2017 following 742 performances. (more...)
The best of Broadway has been performing FREE on six consecutive Thursdays this summer with '106.7 LITE FM's Broadway in Bryant Park 2016' - a lunchtime series that continued this week, August 11 on the Bryant Park Stage. (more...)
This week's final installment included a performance by the Broadway cast of Something Rotten!, including: Catherine Brunell, Will Chase, Josh Grisetti, Leslie Kritzer,Rob McClure, Andre Ward, Matt Allen, Max Clayton, Eric Giancola, David Hibbard, Jenny Hill,Leah Hofmann, Aaron Kaburick, Tari Kelly, Beth Johnson Nicely, Brian Olgilvie, Aleks Pevec,Eric Sciotto, and Marisha Wallace. Watch highlights below, as they perform 'God, I Hate Shakespeare,' 'Right Hand Man,' 'I Love the Way,' and 'Will Power.' (more...)
This week's event will feature: The Phantom Of The Opera (Laird Mackintosh, Ali Ewoldt, Jordan Donica); Something Rotten (Catherine Brunell, Will Chase, Josh Grisetti, Leslie Kritzer, Rob McClure, Andre Ward, Matt Allen, Max Clayton, Eric Giancola, David Hibbard, Jenny Hill, Leah Hofmann, Aaron Kaburick, Tari Kelly, Beth Johnson Nicely, Brian Olgilvie, Aleks Pevec, Eric Sciotto, Marisha Wallace); Cagney (Jeremy Benton, Robert Creighton, Danette Holden, Freddie Kimmel, Joel Newsome, Matt Perri, Bruce Sabath, Josh Walden, Ellen Zolezzi); RUTHLESS! (Tori Murray, Kim Maresca, Rita McKenzie, Paul Pecorino) (more...)
On May 15, Feinstein's/54 Below hosted an exploration of Kleban songs that range from hilariously funny to heart tugging to outrageous, all models of his impeccable craft. Check out photos below! (more...)
Next week, FEINSTEIN'S/54 BELOW, Broadway's Supper Club & Private Event Destination, presents some of the brightest stars from Broadway, cabaret, jazz, and beyond. To purchase tickets or for more information, visit www.54Below.com/Feinsteins or call (646) 476-3551. (more...)
This May, Feinstein's/54 Below, Broadway's Supper Club, presents some of the brightest stars from Broadway, cabaret, jazz and beyond. Scroll down for the full lineup! (more...)
Broadway's 40 theatres aren't the only places to catch performances from your favorite stars! Well after Broadway orchestras begin their overtures, ensemble members take their dance breaks, and performers belt out their eleven o'clock numbers, the party continues at various cabaret venues throughout New York City. Below, BroadwayWorld brings you some cabaret highlights for this week as picked by our theatre editors, including: Something Really Rotten: Cut Songs From the Show with the Original Cast; Jay Armstrong Johnson at 54 Below; The Skivvies; The Tyler Mount Vlog Live! with Matt Doyle, Lesli Margherita & Kara Lindsay; and Broadway Acts for Women, with Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Lena Hall, and more. (more...)
Something Rotten!, the ten-time Tony Award-nominated smash hit musical comedy, will celebrate its first year on Broadway with a series of events next weekend in conjunction with the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare's death on April 23, 1616. (more...)
A new video of the Broadway showstopper highlights the musical theatre classics referenced. (more...)
Join us at Feinstein's/54 Below for an exploration of Kleban songs that range from hilariously funny to heart tugging to outrageous, all models of his impeccable craft. Expect a slew of Broadway performers including those who knew Ed and originated his work and new artists who grew up loving his songs. You'll even hear some cut songs from A Chorus Line, in a rare live performance! (more...)
BroadwayWorld is getting rotten today, Wednesday, March 23 when Eric Sciotto from SOMETHING ROTTEN takes over our Twitter account @BroadwayWorld! Live from inside the St. James Theatre, Eric will be tweeting photos, videos, and fun facts all about the iconic Broadway show. (more...)
BroadwayWorld is getting rotten on Wednesday, March 23 when Eric Sciotto from SOMETHING ROTTEN takes over our Twitter account @BroadwayWorld! Live from inside the St. James Theatre, Eric will be tweeting photos, videos, and fun facts all about the iconic Broadway show. (more...)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization annually celebrates March 21st as a day to honor the significance of poetry. (more...)
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Wednesday night sadness
I am going to publish on this site every poem I've written because- over the years I've lost so many- from transfers of computers to house fires and such! Therefore I'm even uploading the joke poems, with sentimental value- I wrote this for my friend Elise. She cancelled sleeping round mine because her parents had booked her therapist sessions on the same day.
I've got my red bow in my hair-
Because that's what you used to wear.
I need to stop watching scrubs
Stop crying into my ice cream tubs.
Oh without you im really this lonely
Im just missing my huan and only.
I got this Wednesday night, Wednesday night sadness.
She's got to see a doctor for her madness.
I like her crazy quirks
And the way she doesn't work
She doesn't need fixing by some stranger
Someone to poke and muddle, try to rearrange her
What she really needs is a friend who'll write her a poem
Someone who's really starting to get to know her
Someone who'll write about Wednesday night, Wednesday night sadness.


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Christmas Pine Swag With Candles
Crafting Time:
- 3-5 Hours
Skill Level:
- Beginner
Project Courtesy of: Jo-Ann Fabric & Craft Stores
Additional Information
- Large pine swag with 3 candle holders
- 3 tall tapered candles
- Large red poinsettia bush
- 3 red berry stems
- 2 red glittered leaf stems
- 1 pkg red glittered dried curly sticks
- 4 yds of sheer red 2-1/2" wired ribbon
- 3 yds of sheer green 1-1/2" wired ribbon
- 22-gauge green cloth-covered wire
- Scissors
- Hot glue gun, glue sticks
- Wire cutters
Refer to photo often for help in placement of all floral materials.
- Fluff the pine swag for a natural look.
- Cut 3 stems from the poinsettia bush. Wire or glue one poinsettia in front of the middle candle holder. Wire or glue the others along the backside of the other candle holders.
- Make 3 loops of red ribbon with an 8" tail. Wire to pine branch on the left side. Repeat with green ribbon in the center of the other bow. Drape the red ribbon to center back. Repeat with 3 loops. Drape and catch green ribbon under the red bow. Wire to pine branch. Drape red ribbon to middle right of pine swag. Repeat with the 3 ribbon loops and the green ribbon and wire to branch. Cut all tails on an angle.
- Cut red glittered leaves into several pieces and fill in the pine swag where needed. Wire or glue in place.
- Cut red berry stems in two. Bend and mold each piece; wire or glue throughout the pine swag.
- Cut the red glittered dried curly sticks and glue evenly through the design.
- Place candles in holders.


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Cover for awesome comic book "Shrapnel: Aristeia Rising" issue #3 published by Radical Comics. More info here [link]
Crits and comments most welcome
All copyrights belong to the client. Usage of this image by third parties is strictly prohibited
Crits and comments most welcome
All copyrights belong to the client. Usage of this image by third parties is strictly prohibited
wow. Such amazing work. I love the texture of the background.
I want to know what she is thinking
Oorah! Awesome work!
Great concept supported by awesome design work. The subtle lighting gives clarity and direction while letting the sword remain a focal point. I'm not familiar with the comic, so there could be outside circumstances, but I feel like a slight curvature to the blade would serve better to continue a "now at rest after the fight" motion/stance to her figure. The texture work is fantastic, the color work is strong and evocative of a desperate struggle, and the splash of blue is effective at giving a sense of space around her. Nothing else to say! Awesome piece!
This is wonderful - the art style, composition, design, focus and execution is all incredible, but I think what hits me most is how much the image just bleeds story. Truly feels like a snapshot into not just a moment, but a character's life. I love it. Insta-watch <3
Znane i lubiane.. Szkoda,że ludzie jak Ty odeszli z forum max3d;/
awesome scifi art
An inspirational space-suit design.
love the detailed work and the expression on her face! breathtaking *^*
Still one of the best images on the internet!
I keep coming back to look at this as well. Probably the first thing on DA that I'd consider purchasing a print for. Love it.
I keep coming back to look at this. One of those rare pieces that I see something different or different story lines/possibilities every time I look at it. Awesome!
Great armor design and storyteling, you rock, man
mistrz !
Well, probably one of my favourite pieces EVER. Awesome!
Oh yes this is awesome
Love this one.. Faved!
Das sieht so awsome i love it!
I'm impressed that you managed to keep her "human" appearance with the armour on, too.
Also, very reminiscent of 40k with the exhaust of the armour.
I'm impressed that you managed to keep her "human" appearance with the armour on, too.
Also, very reminiscent of 40k with the exhaust of the armour.
Beautiful art ..
I can use it to make a signature?
I can use it to make a signature?
Not featured in any groups...
awesome, and looks very sad
Seriously my favorite digital painting piece of all time. Seriously. really.
Pretty powerful bit of storytelling there. Great painting!
This is AWESOME!
Very good! Very creative!
i consider this one of the most post-modern expressiv piece of sci-fi drawings i have seen in a long time , congratulation !
Was this a Daly Deviation , when not , i consider it totaly worth it !
Was this a Daly Deviation , when not , i consider it totaly worth it !
Snap that is painting
dam.. looks like the very 1st version of a warframe(is a game about ninja robots with guns etc)
great work
I'm speechless...
more than awesome cool work what ever you are wwooooo
looks like a tough day at work! but super cool! such lovely art this style is lovely great work!
My favorit deviation of all time. nice strocke, colors, theme, light and design. Love it
how the fuu..... but... this is nuts. Seriously I'm at a loss of understanding of how one person could make this.
Awesome work!
Dope piece!!
love the expression on her face
This is too fucking good.
it's cool
Nice to see actual good armor design for once.
nice art work
This is badass.
Wonderfully executed! This seems to have so many layers of emotion to it!


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Anger Incubates in SolitaryMature
"Nurse, get the door!" Blondie called out to a woman in the desk station. She ran over and turned a key at a console. The doors snapped—they were locked shut tight. "You're not going anywhere but back to your room, old man." Blondie picked up his baton and gave him another good crack on his leg.
By now, several other men in white were hustling down the hall. The old man toppled over. As the man on his back tightened his grip around the old man's neck, the last thing he saw was the blurred image of men in white running toward him on a beige floor, dimming slowly until all was completely black.
* * *
The old man awoke back in his room. The restraints were once again in place and his door was shut. Stale sunlight emanated through the small window.
He lay there for more than two hours before he started to feel the painful urge to urinate. This time, he wasn't catheterized. More time passed. Finally, he couldn't hold it any longer so he let go, relieving the pressure on his bladder.
* * *
The next day, a young woman entered his room with a tray of juice and two jars of pureed foods. She put her hand over her nose and winced at the smell of urine as she placed the tray on a side table. The old man started mumbling out gibberish at her but she couldn't understand.
"Sit back and eat!" The nurse looked disgusted as she started spooning him the food. He looked at her, directly in her eyes. Can she help me?I need to get out of here.
"Don't look at me." She scolded him. "Nasty thing."
Hours after she left the old man urinated in his bed once again.
As the sun went down and night set in once more, the old man closed his eyes, but he couldn't sleep. Anger stirred in his chest—a hot and persistent irritation that made his scalp itch and his mouth gnarl.
He laid there for hours in the dark. Enraged.
* * *
After he woke up from finally falling asleep, the rage crept back into the old man's heart. He struggled against his restraints once more. As he was rattling his wrists against the side of the bed, he could hear the wind on his window.


text:
Politics Rears Its Head
"Care to make any predictions?" Spence says.
"Yes," says Admin. "The election will take place as scheduled on Tuesday, November 6. You can bet the ranch. And here's something I love about America – secret ballot. Also the First Amendment. And that once we actually had a president of Lincoln's caliber."
"Just when we needed him. Any chance of Honest Abe coming back for another go around?"
"Only in the kind of movies we don't go to."
Welcome Halloween celebrator (second one so far this year).
Our thoughts are with the Gus and BooBear family today.
This entry was posted on Monday, October 15th, 2012 at 8:43 am and is filed under Chet The Dog. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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"Extra large townhouse across from Metro in picturesque Randle Heights. Perfect for 203k or Homestyle renovation loan, or cash investor. In need of minor upgrades and appliances. Oxon Run National Park is your backyard! Close to both St. Elizabeth's and United Medical Center campuses. Sold AS-IS."
|Click here to learn more about our advertising philosophy!


text:
100 Percent Black - mousepad
$ 12.95
100 Percent Black mousepad. Decorate your desktop with an art mouse pad and express yourself without saying a word. Polyester top soft top with non-slip rubber backing. Excellent surface for both optical and roller mouse devices.
- Size: 8" x 9" x 1/4"


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text:
Highly Unusual
Terla struggled with her suitcase. She had asked her guild master for permission to go and he approved. Sometimes seeing friends or family helped in the healing process. Unfortunately, he was in the Flaming West guild. Unlike her guild, it was a fighting guild, meaning that they battled with enemies, so they tried to keep their wherebouts hidden. It had taken forever to find him, but now she was at Echo Falls, where he was staying. She dragged her suitcase to the door and knocked. When the door opened she automatically began the standard Order of Healers response.
"Hello, I'm Terla Fei from the Order of... Eeek!"
The thing that had opened the door wasn't human. Its skin glowed green and it had had unusually long arms. It looked like a man, but dressed like a girl. Terla was speechless but the thing seemed use to that kind of response. It held out its hand.
"Nice to meet you. I'mY'turo Kljah Ghrou Du'Ish'Bqualv, but you can just call me Y'turo."
"N-nice to meet you, Y'turo. Um, do you know a man named..." She looked at a piece of paper. "Apex?"
It shrugged. "Don't know. But he might be inside."
"Oh, thank you." She walked into the building, looking over her shoulder as she went. It seemed friendly enough, but who knew?