text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 20, 2006
|Filing date
|Jul 25, 2002
|Priority date
|Jul 27, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Igor Igorevitch Diakonov, Anthony Robert Holmes Goodwin, Andrew Loris Kurkjian, Jonathan Webster Brown, John Allan Nighswander
|Original Assignee
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (41), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (44), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a receptacle for sampling fluid in a well bore, and to a method of obtaining a fluid sample. In particular, this invention relates to a receptacle having sensors which can monitor chemical and physical properties of the sample.
Sampling of fluids within a well bore is becoming increasingly important as evaluation and development of a reservoir depends on the properties of the fluid in the reservoir. Downhole samples of the fluid are preferred to samples taken at the surface as they better represent downhole fluid properties. Fluid samples taken at the surface can have significantly different properties to a downhole sample due to variations in temperature and pressure that occur as the fluid travels to the surface and at the surface. Existing tools for downhole fluid sampling include a wireline conveyed sampling bottle which acquires a single sample downhole and is retrieved from downhole to surface. Wireline (coil tubing run) tools which are capable of pumping fluids from a borehole and from a reservoir formation into sampling chambers can also be used.
Once samples have been taken and placed within a sample bottle, the subsequent transport of the sample to a laboratory can cause irreversible changes in the sample which will alter its properties, and limit its usefulness in assessing actual downhole properties of the reservoir fluid. For example, often the sample is transferred from a sample bottle to another suitable container for transport. Variations in conditions surrounding the container during transport will affect the sample and its properties. Also the sample must be transferred out of the container once the laboratory is reached and again this can affect the sample.
The present invention aims to provide an apparatus and method for sampling fluid in a well bore.
According to the invention an apparatus is provided for analysing fluid from a subterranean formation, the apparatus comprising a chamber adapted for deployment in a wellbore and to enclose and hold a sample of fluid; and a sensor adapted to sense at least one characteristic of fluid within the chamber while downhole.
As used herein the term "fluid" refers to either gas or liquid.
A communication means is preferably placed within a wall of the chamber so as to provide an externally accessible port which communicates with the inside of the chamber, but yet is sealed so as to ensure the seal of the chamber is not compromised. Communication can be carried out in various methods, for example via a cable (cable port) for real-time down hole or surface exchange. Alternatively a plug in port (or and remotely interrogated port) could be used. Alternatively, optical windows can be used for visual inspection.
The chamber preferably further comprises a fluid conduit sealable by the sealing means, such as first and second valves placed at either end of the conduits and which open to allow fluid to pass through the chamber, and are shut to seal the chamber after a suitable sample has been acquired. Sometimes the downhole fluid is contaminated, for example with drilling mud, and in the contaminated state does not truly represent the characteristics of fluid from a reservoir of interest. Having a fluid conduit allowing through flow of fluid allows a sample to be selected once non-contaminated fluid is flowing through the chamber. Typically the sensing means actively samples the fluid properties to determine when there is no contamination present, at which point the valves are closed to trap a sample within the chamber.
According to another embodiment, the fluid flows through a separate chamber, external to the bottle, where the contamination is assessed prior to filling the sample collection vessel. The vessel can also be used as a downhole PVT laboratory in this case the sample would be collected, analysed and expunged before returning the tool to surface empty. Thus a type of emission free testing can be provided.
The apparatus may include a plurality of sensors each capable of detecting and analysing a characteristic of the sample. Thus the apparatus may comprise sensors which detect and analyse temperature, pressure, physical properties and chemical properties of the sample.
The chamber may further comprise means for altering pressure and means for altering temperature, where the communication means monitors temperature and pressure readings from the sensing means and adjusts the means for altering pressure and the means for altering temperature to keep pressure and temperature constant within the chamber. Typically the means for altering pressure is a piston within the chamber which alters the volume of the chamber as it moves to control pressure, with the means for altering temperature being a heating coil either external or internal to the chamber. The communication means is thus able to monitor and actively control the conditions within the chamber to ensure that the conditions under which the sample was acquired are maintained continuously, even after the receptacle is brought to surface from downhole. This ensures that the sample does not undergo irreversible changes relating to its characteristics as a result of subsequent changes in the temperature of the receptacles surrounding and thus pressure.
The apparatus may be adapted to be remotely interrogated so as to allow for information transfer and monitoring of conditions inside the chamber during transport of the receptacle and during storage of the receptacle.
The apparatus may also include a connector to connecting to a wireline. This allows the chamber to be lowered downhole on a wireline for collection of a sample and subsequently retrieved to surface.
The chamber may comprise a plurality of modules in mating engagement with the chamber, the modules containing analytical and processing equipment for analysis of a sample. By having an apparatus which is assembled from a series of modules and a chamber, the apparatus can be readily modified for different types of analysis as each module performs a different type of interaction with the sample in the main chamber. Thus, for example, the apparatus may comprise a main chamber with three minor compartments disposed at a lower end of the chamber and two further minor compartments disposed at an upper end of the chamber, the five minor compartments respectively containing analytical equipment, chemicals, sample treatment chamber, a spectrometer with a light source, and electronic processing devices. The apparatus may also have a means of varying the pressure such as a moveable piston.
The apparatus preferably communicates with a memory device to store information relating to the sample as a function of time for subsequent download. The memory device may be contained in a module attached to the chamber.
The chamber typically includes means for altering pressure and temperature and sensing means so that a self-contained unit is provided for holding the sample. The minor compartments or modules may contain chemicals for injecting into the main chamber when needed, with this injection being regulated by the communication means. These chemicals may be appropriate for removing gases such as H2S and CO2 from the sample, or for calibration purposes, or to prevent precipitation of organic and mineral solids
The apparatus may further comprise a stirring device located within the chamber, such as an acoustic transducer.
The chamber may be provided with optical windows within its walls, such as made of sapphire so that the contents of the chamber can be viewed when needed.
The receptacle thus provides integral sampling and analysis within one vessel and ensures that no transfer of sample outside the chamber is needed for analysis to take place. Thus a simple, small tool is provided which is particularly suitable for use downhole.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of sampling downhole fluids, comprising placing a chamber downhole; collecting at least one sample in the chamber; sealing the sample within the chamber; sensing at least the temperature and pressure of the sample in the chamber; and controlling the temperature and pressure of the sample in response tot he sensed temperature and pressure.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, and reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
With conventional sampling bottles, the sample is transferred at least once before analysis of the sample is undertaken and the conditions within the chamber cannot be monitored or maintained during transport or storage of the sample. The sample bottle in accordance with the present invention preferably allows monitoring of the physical and chemical parameters of the sample in the chamber whilst undergoing transport, and allows testing of the physical and chemical properties of the sample in situ within the chamber without exposure of the sample to conditions different to those downhole.
The receptacle, or sampling bottle, is capable of replicating and maintaining equivalent downhole conditions in an internal chamber where the sample is held, as discussed later. This ensures that once the sample is taken, it is kept stable at downhole conditions and physical and chemical changes that might occur to the sample during the trip to the surface and to a laboratory are prevented. The sample when analysed thus more accurately reflects the properties of downhole fluid.
The physical and chemical properties of the fluid which are of interest when assessing the reservoir include viscosity, density, bubble and dew point, wax, asphaltene, scale precipitation conditions, hydrate formation, chemical composition. It is important to avoid physical and chemical changes to the sample as many of these changes are irreversible or effectively irreversible, and will alter the sample properties. Effectively irreversible changes are those which in principle are thermodynamically irreversible but the kinetics of achieving equilibrium are so slow that it is not practical to reverse the change fully.
Where irreversible or effectively irreversible changes have occurred to the sample before analysis, the initial chemical and physical state of the sample, i.e. as in the reservoir, will generally not be precisely reconstructed even if the sample is put under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions during analysis. The sample properties will then not reflect downhole fluid properties. Hence, for practical purposes it is always best to avoid any chemical or physical changes to the fluid sample prior to analysis whether the change is considered to be reversible or not. Examples of various changes that can occur with reservoir fluids are summarized below:
1. Organic solids precipitation, for example asphaltenes and waxes, due to pressure and temperature drop;
2. Degassing of a sample, for example, arising from the (fluid) liquid pressure falling below the bubble pressure and the evolved gas escaped, perhaps through a seal;
3. Mineral precipitation (barite, calcite) due to temperature and/or pressure drop and degassing;
4. Loss of gases (mainly H2S, but also CO2) because of corrosion/reaction with sampling bottle;
5. Formation of gas hydrates;
6. Vapour-liquid phase separation;
7. Changes in pH; and
8. Other chemical and physical changes.
The cylindrical sampling bottle of around 1 m in length is shown in detail in
Towards the base of vertical walls 40, 42 of the main cylindrical chamber, there are provided two diametrically opposed apertures 44, 46 which are sealed with valves 50, 52. When the valves 50, 52 are opened, a passageway for conduit for through flow of fluid through the bottle is provided, with the valves 50, 52 being operable to close and thus shut the apertures once a sample is taken. An insulating jacket 54 surrounds the chamber 22, and this jacket 54 can also incorporate a heating coil, so as to heat the chamber 22 if so desired. A further heating element 58 is provided inside the chamber, together with selected sensors or devices 60, 62, 64.
In one vertical wall 40 of the chamber, there are provided two spaced apart optical windows 70 and 72, which extend inwards from the insulating jacket 54 to an inner face of the chamber. These optical windows are preferably made of sapphire so as to withstand the extreme pressures found downhole, and allow the contents of the chamber 22 to be viewed when on surface. Alternatively, other transparent materials could be used that are able to withstand the anticipated temperatures, pressures and sample chemistry. One of the modules 24 incorporates a light source 74 and a mini-spectrometer 76 and is provided with a fibre-optic cable 80 which passes into the interior of the chamber 22 so as to optically interrogate the interior of the chamber. Spectroscopic analysis of any sample within the chamber 22 can then be undertaken, with the fibre-optic cable being covered with chemicals allowing optical chemical interrogation of a sample, for example, to determine the pH. An array of light conducting glass substrates containing chemicals for providing chemical interrogation of a sample can also be present in the chamber, and responsive to light from the optical fibre. The optical fibre can also be used to determine physical properties of the fluid (for example, the formation of dew or bubbles arising from a phase transition).
A piston 82 supplied with hydraulic/electric power via a connector 84 is located within the chamber 22 and undergoes reciprocal movement along the chamber to alter the pressure within. An example of how piston operation can be achieved is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,329,811. Temperature and pressure sensors 86, 90 are incorporated into the piston 82, as are certain physical and chemical sensors such as those responsive to pH, H2S, acoustic waves and sensors to determine resistivity. All of these sensors are in contact with a fluid sample 92, once the sample is acquired.
Power is supplied to the connector 84 either by an outside power source such as wireline, for example when the bottle is downhole, or by a battery module, or any other external power source which can be plugged in to the connector.
Any particular combination of sensors and equipment can be used within the chambers 22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34 to analyse physical and chemical properties of the sample, and the sensors and equipment discussed herein are exemplary combinations. The sample can thus be tested in a variety of different ways depending on the properties that need to be identified. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,635,631 and 5,622,223 describe various ways of determining different characteristics of the fluid.
Some chemical sensors and miniaturized chemical analytical equipment (for example, Gas Chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS)) are not in direct contact with the sampled fluid as they require sample preparation, but are held in the minor modules 30, 32, 34 where miniaturised sample treatment 100, separation 102 and pumping equipment 104 is located.
The various chemical sensors and chemical analytical equipment allow the following properties and information to be determined:
(i) Determine downhole sample chemistry needed for real-time reservoir evaluation.
(ii) Provide information for downhole sample validation. Thus the bottle allows contamination to be measured and this can be used to determine when the sample should be taken. Reservoir fluid is either continuously pumped through the chamber or intermittently sampled for these measurements.
(iii) Record the evolution of a sample containment conditions and in-bottle chemistry during the trip to the surface and to the laboratory.
(iv) Provide extra analytical possibilities on-rig on the surface and in the laboratory as extra modules with different chemical sensors/analytical equipment can be placed in communication with the main chamber 22. The bottle can thus act as a universal portable modular chemical laboratory which avoids any sample transfer once the sample has been acquired.
Where appropriate, specific chemicals are introduced into the chamber 22 for various purposes. These chemicals can be either introduced as liquids or as mixtures with polymers and retardation agents to ensure their continuous release and can either be placed in the bottle before it is placed downhole, or injected into the bottle when needed from minor auxiliary chambers/modules 30, 32 34. The contact of these chemicals with the sample 92 and the chemical and/or physical properties of the sample thereafter is recorded by sensors. The regulated injection of chemicals and recording of a sample's chemical "reply" to this injection can be used for downhole chemical analyses (titration) of a sample downhole. Specific chemicals can be introduced, for example, to:
(i) Absorb/remove aggressive gases (for example H2S and/or CO2).
(ii) Provide an acidification to avoid mineral (for example carbonate) precipitation.
(iii) Inhibit mineral (barite) precipitation.
(iv) Calibrate chemical sensors. The bottle can be filled by a calibration solution to check sensors performance before being placed downhole
(v) Calibrate physical sensors, for example density sensors.
Other sensors that can be used include acoustic transducers and acoustic sources to determine fluid phase transition and physical properties, such as bubble and dew point, wax and asphaltenes deposition. These sensors can be placed in the piston or in the wall of the chamber, or as a changeable, plug-in module. Acoustic measurements such as speed and attenuation of sound can be used for density and viscosity measurements.
Stirring devices 60, such as an acoustic transducer, can be located within the chamber and when operated avoid phase separation, i.e. heavy fractions precipitation.
Vibrating objects 62, such as a wire or plate, can also be fitted inside the chamber. These objects are used to determine density and viscosity of the fluid. Resistivity and capacitance (dielectric constant) sensors 64 can also be installed in the chamber, as can sensors for detecting multiple phase fluid volumes which can comprise optical, acoustic, or surface sensors along the chamber walls. Measurements of refractive index can be included, or example with the fibre optic cable 80, to give density. The fibre optic cable can also be used to transmit near infrared energy for chemical characterisation. This analysis preferably uses a neural network.
The memory block 114 stores information from all sensors/equipment and also provides pre-programmed instructions to the sensors and equipment relating to the physical and chemical analysis that is to be conducted on the sample. Thus for some modules, the memory block 114 sends instructions to release chemicals into the main chamber 22, or tells the module to sample the fluid sample and then apply chemicals to a small amount of the fluid sample. All information on physical and chemical actions conducted upon the sample and all detected characteristics are held as a function of time. The memory 114 is readable through a cable and remotely interrogated by a scanner, and via a plug-in device linked to a computer. Thus a record of all data relating to the sample and its conditions is maintained and is readily accessible, covering the period from when the sample is acquired downhole, brought to surface, transported to a laboratory, and possibly stored for a long period of time.
In step 202, once downhole and at the required sample depth, valves 50, 52 in the chamber 22 are opened and downhole fluid pumped through the bottle. In step 204, for the wireline conveyed bottle, the fluid can be analysed as it flows through the chamber to quantify contamination and to determine when to acquire a non-contaminated sample.
In step 206, the valves 50, 52 are then closed to seal a non-contaminated sample within the chamber 22 for subsequent analysis.
Thus, the bottle is used to monitor continuously wellbore and reservoir (formation) fluid properties and the amount of contamination of the fluid with drilling mud. The bottle can also be used for zero-emission testing.
Referring again to
As the sample is hermetically sealed within the main chamber and testing is possible without interfering with the seal, the sample integrity is maintained indefinitely. In step 212, the electrical processing equipment 110, 112, 114 continuously monitors conditions within the chamber using information received from sensors 86, 90, 60, 62, 64 and actively controls temperature and pressure by adjusting the amount of heating supplied by the thermal jacket and coil 58, and by adjusting the position of the piston 82 within the chamber 22 to alter the pressure. Thus the sample can be maintained at downhole conditions throughout its time within the chamber, ensuring that the sample accurately reflects the properties of the downhole fluid at all times as degradation of the sample due to fluctuations in temperature and pressure does not occur. Thus, the samples initial physical and chemical state is maintained.
In use, the chamber 22 is filled periodically with a calibration solution, such as before downhole deployment, during downhole job and during surface analyses. This allows the physical and chemical sensors and chemical analytical equipment in the bottle to be calibrated.
Instead of taking one sample and retrieving the bottle 20 to surface, in steps 210 and 216, the bottle can be used for performing multiple physical and chemical analyses on borehole and formation fluids in multiple downhole locations before taking sample(s) for retrieval to the surface. These analyses provide real-time downhole reservoir fluid description and detect the conditions of minimum sample contamination allowing acquisition of a sample with the best possible quality. Alternatively, after discarding the sample in step 210, another sample can be taken at the same location. In this way, a multisample mode is provided where multiple samples are taken at a location, for example 10 samples. The sampling can continue until a sample can be obtained having acceptable characteristics and then that sample can be transported to the surface.
When used in a flow through mode, or a multi-sample mode, the system can be used for emission free testing with a down hole drill stem tester (DHDST) or a modular formation dynamic tester (MDT).
In step 212, once a sample 92 has been collected in the chamber 22, the bottle is retrieved to surface and detached from the wireline or logging tool. The bottle allows continuous monitoring, analysis and control over physical and chemical properties of the sample during the journey to the surface (step 212) and to the laboratory (step 218) using the sensors, electrical processors and analytical equipment contained within the various modules forming the bottle. The pressure and temperature of the sample can thus be maintained as the sample travels from downhole to surface and then on to the lab.
At surface, the actions and analyses carried out upon the sample 92 can either be conducted using the modules used downhole, or minor modules 24, 30, 32, 34 can be replaced with modules containing different physical and chemical equipment or chemicals. On-site near wellbore and before detachment of the bottle from a tool, instructions are given to processor 112 for further regulation of temperature/sample chemistry and data recording within the chamber. If necessary, an external power source can be connected to the power connector 84.
During surface transfer of the bottle from the rig to the laboratory (step 218), the various elements contained in the modules in combination continuously monitor and control the physical and chemical properties of the sample. In step 220, once the sample reaches a laboratory, the whole history of the sample's physical and chemical properties is transferred to a corresponding laboratory file by interrogating the electrical processor/memory 112, 114 of the bottle. Various physical and chemical laboratory analyses are then performed directly in the chamber 22 using the bottle's temperature and pressure regulation ability together with chemical injections and by connecting additional modules where necessary. Alternatively the sample can be removed from the chamber for analysis, the sample history before reaching the laboratory being known as a result of the monitoring conducted whilst the sample was within the chamber.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the bottle is used simply to convey samples from surface at a well to a laboratory.
The bottle thus has a variety of different applications. In its more general form it provides a mini portable modular chemical/physical laboratory which allows analysis of a sample anywhere, avoiding the need to take the sample to a laboratory before analysis is undertaken.
The bottle can also act as an integrated transport and analysis vessel, when a sample is placed into the chamber when on surface. The bottle then monitors, records and controls sample conditions and analyses the sample during transport and/or storage.
In addition the bottle can act as an integral unit that acquires a sample, analyses a sample both downhole and on surface, and is a transport vessel. This ensures that a sample can be acquired, analysed and transported without any sample transfer between different containers. The sample integrity is thus maintained for as long a period as desired.
The above-described embodiments are illustrative of the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
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|Jun 24, 2015
|Halliburton Energy Services Inc
|High pressure and flow rate pump useful in formation fluid sample testing
|Nov 23, 2007
|Jun 5, 2008
|Crocker Research Pty Ltd
|Downhole fluid property chromatography
|Jul 12, 2011
|Jan 17, 2013
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|High pressure and flow rate pump useful in formation fluid sample testing
|U.S. Classification
|73/152.23, 166/264
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 28, 2002
Owner name: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DIAKONOV, IGOR IGOREVITCH;GOODWIN, ANTHONY ROBERT HOLMES;KURKJIAN, ANDREW LORIS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013448/0705;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020724 TO 20021017
|Nov 18, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 20, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Britain's fattest man, who weighed 65 stone, has died at his home in Kent.
33-year-old Carl Thompson had been confined to his home for a year, relying on NHS carers to wash and feed him.
This morning, a private ambulance, police and the fire brigade were seen outside his home in Dover, and police later confirmed Thompson's death in a statement.
Thompson spoke out about his plight last month and vowed to shed weight in order to stay alive.
He said he had been "touched" by the outpouring of sympathy and offers of help he'd received following several media interviews.
Unable to leave the house to go food shopping, the 33-year-old lived on Chinese takeaways and pizzas delivered to his door. He also claimed to have spent £10 a day on chocolate.
When his mother died of a brain tumour in 2012, Thompson said he turned to unhealthy food as a means of coping with his grief. His weight soon doubled from 30-stone to 65-stone (412kg), leaving him unable to work.
Mr Thompson spent the last few years in and out of hospital, where he was treated for a range of ailments including septicemia.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Topro - Troja 2G Rollator - Premium (Medium)
- The innovative new TOPRO Troja 2G stands ahead of the competition with increased safety, flexibility and the best possible comfort.
- Its predecessor, the TOPRO Troja Classic, was selected as winner of the highly respected German consumer test 'Stiftung Warentest (edition 9/2005)' since then the TOPRO engineers have been working to develop the rollator based on research and feedback from users and therapists.
- The result is the second generation TOPRO Troja with even more user friendly functions, a high focus on safety, flexibility and comfort.
Topro - Troja 2G Rollator - Premium Features
- Shopping Bag
- Comfort Wheels
Size - Medium
- Max user weight: 150Kgs
- Weight with basket and wheels: 7.7Kgs
- Transport weight (without wheels and basket): 6kgs
- Recommended user height: 150-200cm (4ft 11" - 6ft 6")
- Height of support points: 78-100cm (30.3/4-39.3/8")
- Maximum length: 65cm (25")
- Maximum width: 61cm (24")
- Distance between support points: 47cm (18")
- Seat height: 62cm (24.5")
- Turning diameter: 84cm (33")
- Diameter front/rear wheels: 20cm (8")
- Width front/rear wheels (TPE wheels): 3.6cm (1.5")
- Length when folded: 65cm (26")
- Width when folded: 24cm (9.5")
- Height when folded: 81cm (32.5")
VAT Exemption
Q. What is VAT relief and who is eligible to claim it?
A. Click here for more information ...
- Menu


text:
The Wolf Den
with Chris Bannon and Lex Friedman
The Wolf Den, hosted by Midroll's Lex Friedman and Chris Bannon, focuses on the business side of podcasting. Tune in for interviews with other influencers in the industry, and some insider info behind what's happening at Earwolf, Howl, and Midroll. Looking for the archives? All episodes older than 6 months can be found exclusively on Howl.FM, ad-free. Use promo code 'Earwolf' for a 30-day free trial.
Latest Episode
Erik Diehn, Midroll Media CEO
EPISODE #1200 Comments
Guest: Erik Diehn
Recent Episodes
Ken Doctor, Media AnalystEPISODE #116
0 Comments▶ go listen
0 Comments▶ go listen


text:
|"Maoyong Fan" <email@example.com>
|"statalist" <email@example.com>
|st: Stata data analysis
|Thu, 17 Jun 2004 11:17:11 -0700
Dear Friends, Has anyone done data analysis before? Could you please give me some example? I want to do some basic data analysis using Stata including: drawing distribution graphs of one variable drawing distribution graphs of many variables in one graph compare two variables, giving out corelation between them comparing many variables, giving out correlation between them etc Also,I want to store the distribution graph in output file. How can I do this? Warm regards, Maoyong Fan * * For searches and help try: * http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/res/findit.html * http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq * http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
|© Copyright 1996–2017 StataCorp LLC | Terms of use | Privacy | Contact us | What's new | Site index


text:
Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Tennessee
€ 46,99
Besorgung - Lieferbarkeit unbestimmt
Januar 1998
BeschreibungAtlas of the Breeding Birds of Tennessee is based on research conducted from 1986 through 1991 by the Tennessee Ornithological Society and is the first study of its kind ever published for the state. It reviews the methodology employed in the study, which included innovative miniroute censuses. It features detailed accounts of individual species which include both grid maps that plot their distribution and contour maps that reflect their relative abundance. The accompanying text for each species discusses its geographical and historical occurrence, cites habitat preferences, and offers notes on breeding biology such as nest placement and clutch size. Line drawings accurately portray the birds in their nesting cycle. In addition to this wealth of data on individual species, the atlas provides background information on the physical and cultural geography of Tennessee and on patterns of land-use change that followed the arrival of European settlers. It also presents the most comprehensive history of ornithology in the state yet published.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: UNIV OF TENNESSEE PR
Erscheinungsdatum: Januar 1998
Seitenanzahl: 504 Seiten
Format: gebunden


text:
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text:
Protagonize's Answer to the Weird Sisters
Based on the prophecies of Weird Sisters from William Shakespeare's Macbeth.
Who are the Weird Sisters?
For those of you who don't know, the Shakespearean play Macbeth opens with three witches, "the weird sisters" on stage. These witches later inform Macbeth and Banquo of events that will take place in their futures. To put things lightly, Macbeth takes their predictions very seriously - so much that it affects his very character.
So what do I do?
When you're tagged and given a prophecy, post a chapter about how what you have been told affects your (or your character's) life in a positive or negative way - or, of how it has no affect at all!
(Note: Please keep chapters under the maximum of 250 words.)
And when you're done, tag two or more friends and give them a prophecy to base their chapter on. Be as vague or as specific as you like!
Have fun :)


text:
The launch event for the anticipated Infinix HOTTest One is holding tomorrow at the Landmark Centre, Lekki. We are going to be at the event live and you can trust that we will be sharing with you, a detailed report as to how the event went.
Earlier today, while surfing the web, i came across some specifications which was said to be that of the Infinix Hot 2 which is also believed to be the HOTTest One. Although no concrete prove as to whether or not the report is true, it sounded rather convincing. At least, for the fact that most people tend to believe that the Infinix HOTTest One is an upgrade to the infinix Hot X507 android phone.
From the specs stated in the image above, the device is a 5.0-inch HD capacitive touchscreen display, with an 8MP back camera and 2MP camera. The device also runs on the android 5.1 lollipop OS and runs on a battery capacity of 2200mAh.
Infinix Hot 2 (HOTTest One) Full Phone Specifications
- Device TypeSmart Phone
- ModelInfinix Hot 2
- AnnouncedAugust 2015
- StatusAvailable
- TypeBar
- Dimensions154 x 71.86 x 88mm
- ProtectionDesign : Plastic
- ColorsWhite, Black, Gold
- 2G NetworkGSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
- 3G NetworkHSDPA 900 / 2100
- 4G NetworkNo
- SIMSIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is a small card that contains mobile network subscriber's account information. This allows the phone using the card to attach to a mobile network. The SIM card is most commonly associated with GSM and UMTS mobile networks. Moving a SIM card from one phone to another allows a subscriber to switch mobile phones without having to contact their mobile network carrier. SIM cards can also be used by a phone to store limited amounts of data, such as phone numbers and text messages.Micro SIM
- Dual SIMYes
- Display TypeIPS LCD capacitive touchscreen
- Size5.0-inches
- Resolution1280 x 720 pixels
- Display Colors16M
- Pixel Density294 PPI
- Touch ScreenMultiTouch
- Audio PlaybackAAC, AMR, MP2, MP3, M4A, MKA
- Video PlaybackMP4/MPEG4/H.263/H.264 player
- FM RadioYes
- Alert TypesVibration; MP3, WAV ringtones
- Ring TonesWAV, MP3
- LoudspeakerYes
- Handsfree3.5mm Jack
- PrimaryCamera is able to capture photographs and usually videos, The most important characteristics of a camera are the resolution (measured in megapixels), lens focus type (fixed or automatic), higher megapixel cameras are known to capture higher quality photos, but not always a good measurement of the photos quality.8MP
- Image3264 x 2448 pixels
- Video1080p@30fps
- Camera FeaturesAuto focus with f/2.0 Aperture, 5P lens
- FlashFlash Light => There is commonly two types of flash lights are used in camera mobile phones, LED Flash (LED flash offers lower power consumption with drive circuitry that takes up very little room, LEDs can be strobed faster than any other light source), Xenon Flash (xenon flash produces an extremely intense full-spectrum white light for a very short duration)High Light LED Flash
- Secondary2MP
- Operating SystemOS => Every computer system run on a base software called Operating System (OS). Operating System controls all basic operations of the computer (such as smartphone, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices). The Operating System allows the user to install and run third party applications (apps), apps are used to add new functionality to the device.Android 5.1 Lollipop
- Java SupportJava for Mobile Devices is a set of technologies that let developers deliver applications and services to all types of mobile handsets, ranging from price efficient feature-phones to the latest smartphones. Java is currently running on over 3 billion phones worldwide, and growing. It offers unrivaled potential for the distribution and monetization of mobile applications.No
- FacebookFacebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. The site is available in 37 different languages.
- YoutubeYoutube is a popular free video-sharing website, Youtube is the largest video sharing site in the world, Millions of users around the world have created accounts on the site that allow them to upload videos that anyone can watch.
- ChipsetChipset is a group of integrated circuits designed to perform one or a more dedicated functions, often with real time computing constraints, Popular smartphones are equipped with more advanced embedded chipsets that can do many different tasks depending on their programming.MediaTek MT6580
- CPUCPU (Central Processing Unit) mostly known as processors, CPU processes instructions in order to carry out certain functions that make your device operate properly. Processors are often described as the brain of computers, smartphones and tablets, Smartphones and tablets rely on processors to carry out their every task, Processors are an incredibly important factor in selecting any type of computing device, including your smartphone.Quad-core 1.3 GHz Cortex-A53
- GPUGPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a single-chip processor designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display, This includes things such as lighting effects, object transformations, and 3D motion.Mali-400 - MP2
- RAM (Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes that allows information to be stored and accessed quickly from random locations. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computer systems, smartphones, tablets and other electronic devices.1GB / 2GB
- Internal StorageInternal Storage is a data storage space (flash memory) mostly used in smartphones, tablets and other electronic devices where operating system, apps, music, photos, videos, files and other user data Is stored.16GB
- Card SlotMemory Card Slot is a special slot for inserting a memory card. Memory cards allow you to expand the phone's built-in memory, A memory card (sometimes called a flash memory card or a storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable or remote computing devices such as mobile phones, mp3 players, digital cameras.MicroSD up to 32GB
- SensorsSensors are electronic components that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure and location, The output is generally a signal that is converted to use in computing systems, a location sensor, such as a GPS receiver is able to detect current location of your electronic device.G-Sensor, Light Sensor, Proximity
- BluetoothBluetooth is a wireless communications technology for exchanging data between mobile phones, headsets, computers and other network devices over short distances without wires, Bluetooth technology was primarily designed to support simple wireless networking of personal consumer devices.Bluetooth 4.0
- InfraredInfrared connectivity is an old wireless technology used to connect two electronic devices. It uses a beam of infrared light to transmit information and so requires direct line of sight and operates only at close range.No
- Wi-fiWi-Fi is a popular wireless networking technology using radio waves to provide high-speed network connections that allows devices to communicate without cords or cables, Wi-Fi is increasingly becoming the preferred mode of internet connectivity all over the world.Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n
- Wi-fi Hotspot
- USBmicroUSB v2.0, USB Host
- GPSGPS The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system, GPS permits users to determine their position, velocity and the time 24 hours a day, in all weather, anywhere in the world, In order to locate your position, your device or GPS receiver must have a clear view of the sky.Yes with A-GPS
- NFCNFC (Near field communication) is a set of standards for smartphones and similar devices to establish peer-to-peer radio communications with each other by touching them together or bringing them into proximity, usually no more than a few inches.
- HDMIHDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a compact audio/video interface for transferring uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from a HDMI-compliant source device to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.
- Wireless ChargingWireless Charging (Inductive Charging) uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device.
- SMSSMS (Short Messaging Service) is a text messaging service component of phone, Web, or mobile communication systems. It uses standardized communications protocols to allow mobile phone devices to exchange short text messages over the networks.Yes (threaded view)
- MMSMMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content (audio clips, video clips and images) to and from mobile phones over wireless networks using the WAP protocol.
- EmailEmail (Electronic Mail) is a system for receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages, Similar to a letter, email is text messages that may contain files, images, or other attachments sent via the internet to a recipient by using applications and software prograps. An email address is required to receive email, and that address is unique to the user.
- IMIM (Instant Messaging) is an exchange of text messages through a software application, it enable you to create a kind of private chat room with another individual in order to communicate in real time over the Internet.
- Extras- OTA and OTG Support
- Battery TypeBattery Type => Cell phones run on various kinds of batteries depending on the manufacturer, phone size or shape and features. There are basically four types of cell phone batteries => Lithium Polymer, Lithium Ion, Nickel Metal Hydride and Nickel Cadmium.Li-Poly (Lithium Polymer)
- CapacityBattery Capacity is a measure (typically in Amp-hr) of the charge stored by the battery, and is determined by the mass of active material contained in the battery. The battery capacity represents the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery under certain conditions.2200mAh
- StandbyStandby Time is the total amount of time that you can leave your is fully charged, turned on and ready to send and receive calls or data transmissions before completely discharging the battery.-
- Talk TimeTalk Time is the longest time that a single battery charge will last when you are constantly talking on the phone under perfect conditions, Ambient temperature and highly dependent on the cellular network environment such as the distance to the closest cell network tower.-
- Music Play-
- PriceCurrent price of the specified Phone. Price is however, subject to change at anytime and varies with any store.₦17500 - ₦19500
- Buy On JumiaBuy On Jumia online retail shop.
As earlier stated, it is not yet clear whether or not, the specs above is what infinix intends to unveil tomorrow. However, news has it that infinix is in works with Google to releasing android one smartphones which guarantees lower prices and the specs above 'may' just be one of the devices from the android one project. Let's just keep our fingers crossed. Within the next 24 to 28 hours, we should have a concrete evidence as to what the infinix HOTTest One looks like alongside it's specifications and pricing in Nigeria.


text:
Efforts to cool the buy-to-let housing market appear to have done precisely the opposite. Before a new stamp duty surcharge is added to transactions in April, investors are dashing to get deals done. Landlords-in-waiting and existing buy-to-letters seeking to top up their portfolios have powered brisk activity in the early weeks of the year — and have been blamed for supply shortages.
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors reported last week that 74 per cent of surveyors expect house purchases to rise before stamp duty on buy-to-let properties shoots up by an extra three percentage points over the existing rate.
This could be the last hurrah, however. For 20 years, buy to let has been an asset that's hard to beat — especially for investors whose extra property assets have become their pension. Now the outlook is less certain. With such a heavy emphasis put on helping first-time buyers on to the housing ladder, buy-to-let investors are getting bashed. The stamp duty changes mean that the purchase of an £800,000 property will incur an extra £24,000 in fees right from the off.
Average house prices: London buy-to-let hotspots
Average house prices: London buy-to-let hotspots
1/10 Isle of Dogs
Avg. asking price: £751,072
Avg. asking rent: £2,454 a month
Historic five-year growth: 52.15%
Projected five-year growth: 32%
Data provided by Chestertons. All prices based on two-bedroom apartments.
2/10 Old Oak Common
Avg. asking price:£525,970
Avg. asking rent:£1,495 a month
Historic five-year growth: 64.04%
Projected five-year growth: 30%
3/10 Beckton
Avg. asking price: £254,817
Avg. asking rent: £1,420 a month
Historic five-year growth: 43.85%
Projected five-year growth: 36%
4/10 Brentford
Avg. asking price: £650,091
Avg. asking rent: £1,980 a month
Historic five-year growth: 42.95%
Projected five-year growth: 37%
5/10 Croydon
Avg. asking price: £380,982
Avg. asking rent: £1,290 a month
Historic five-year growth: 47.31%
Projected five-year growth: 31%
6/10 Old Street
Avg. asking price: £710,785
Avg. asking rent: £2,882 a month
Historic five-year growth: 62.16%
Projected five-year growth: 37%
© 2014 Bloomberg Finance LP.
7/10 Greenwich
Avg. asking price: £535,616
Avg. asking rent: £1,855 a month
Historic five-year growth: 48.51%
Projected five-year growth: 38%
8/10 Waterloo
Avg. asking price: £1,389,000
Avg. asking rent: £2,536 a month
Historic five-year growth: 72.04%
Projected five-year growth: 35%
9/10 Cricklewood
Avg. asking price: £445,642
Avg. asking rent: £1,713 a month
Historic five-year growth: 48.34%
Projected five-year growth: 33%
10/10 Tottenham Ct Rd
Avg. asking price: £1,775,000
Avg. asking rent: £4,340 a month
Historic five-year growth: 55.43%
Projected five-year growth: 33%
The heavier tax burden is no accident as policy makers worry about the buy-to-let market overheating. Though the Bank of England is unlikely to start raising interest rates until next year, it fears that after so many years of cheap debt, more expensive borrowing will force landlords to liquidate their portfolios.
This could explain why the Treasury is consulting until mid-March on handing greater powers to the Bank so it can cool things down. This will work either by ordering banks to limit the overall volume of buy-to-let lending, cap loan-to-value ratios or increase the required ratio of expected rental income to interest payments.
Things will get harder still for the sector in April 2017, when the tax relief that landlords can claim begins to fall from a maximum of 45 per cent to 20 per cent, the basic rate of tax. Taxation shifts from the profit made on a property to its full rental income, effectively the turnover. Some property advisers say investors can avoid this by owning properties through a company. However, they will incur corporation tax and tax on dividends. It might not be a long-lasting dodge, either. In earlier Budgets, Chancellor George Osborne has shown a willingness to crack down on homes owned by companies, although these were held on behalf of offshore investors.
There is further inconvenience. From this month, landlords have to carry out checks on their potential tenants to make sure they have a "right to rent". The idea is that property owners play a part in cracking down on illegal immigration. For those landlords who fail to follow the rules there is the threat of a maximum £3,000 fine for each tenant. In extreme circumstances there is even the possibility of a five-year prison sentence. The scheme has been piloted in the West Midlands for the past year. It covers all people aged 18 or over who will live in the property, regardless of whether they are named in the tenancy agreement.
The worst of the changes are financial, making it extremely awkward for landlords with high levels of borrowing to continue — which is what the changes were designed to do. London becomes less attractive for investment because property yields are lower here thanks to soaring house prices. The provinces make more sense. But even if the gifted amateurs struggle to compete, cash-heavy buyers will still be fine.
Investors also face new competition from insurance and pension funds plotting to enter the new "build-to-rent" segment. British insurer Legal & General has partnered Dutch pension fund manager PGGM to build 3,000 new flats across Britain, including at one initial site in Walthamstow.
There could be unintended consequences as the market shifts. According to the Association of Residential Letting Agents, 62 per cent of agents predict the shake-up will result in higher rents as landlords try to pass extra costs on to their tenants. That may be easier to get away with given that some landlords will be squeezed out of the market, decreasing rental supply.
Investors will still find ways to make a return from buy to let, even after April, but they will have to work harder for it. Given the turmoil in world stock markets and rock-bottom interest rates, they have an incentive to try.
Follow us on Twitter @HomesProperty, Facebook and Instagram
- More about:
- Buy-to-Let
- new stamp duty rates
- Stamp duty


text:
Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren
Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren Men's French Terry Sweatshirt
Ships from USA , delivers within 14-21 DaysAdd to wishlist
- Size medium has an approximate 26-1/2" body length and 26" sleeve length
- Crew neckline with a V-inset
- Long sleeves with ribbed cuffs
- "RL Company 1967 Denim & Supply" and a winged-piston graphic screen-printed at the center front
- Ribbed hem
- Model is 6'1"/185 cm and wears a size medium
- Cotton
- Machine washable
- Imported
- Web ID: 827500717
Special Offers
Return Policy
No questions asked return or exchange*: items may be returned or exchanged for a full refund in the original form of payment or a Vogily Credit within 14 days after shipping. Your satisfaction is our biggest prize, so we do everything to ensure that you are happy with your purchase. All products are 100% authentic, procured from brands directly and are backed by our purchase protection with 10 times money back guarantee. *Please refer to the detailed return policy on the site for exceptions
Ships from USA , delivers within 14-21 Days


text:
Off to the club
- Size: 360px
- Quality: Normal
- Size: 3.64 MB 550.83 KB
This Gif entitled Off to the club was created from the youtube video 3 years ago. It uses 18 frames per second and is displayed at 360px resolution. This animated image plays for 8 seconds, was built with normal quality and an estimated weight of 3.64 MB for download. This animation was originally created from the Ed Edd n' Eddy!- I'm So Fresh You Can Suck My Nuts video from 00:48 to 00:56.
Flag This GifSend


text:
Home › Forums › Gear Forums › Make Your Own Gear › Anyone made their own baselayers?
Sep 29, 2011 at 10:01 am #1279958
Tom HolbrookBPL Member
@zandarLocale: Central Coast of California
Has anyone made their own baselayers from Capilene or other type fabric?
What pattern did you use?
And, did you like the outcome?
Considering a winter project.
Z.Oct 1, 2011 at 7:22 am #1785482
robert perksMember
I recently threw together a quick shirt mockup from some of the wool jersey mateial I recently aquired (still need to take some pictures). The hem lines are not completed yet, but that shirt was thrown together in an hour or so to act as support for a packaging pitch. Now that I have it back I will find the time to finish it.
The base pattern came from Shelby:
and worked out fantastic. The shirt fits as well as one you could buy, and I am an XL, went with the XL pattern and it is perfect. I used the XL pattern to cut out the material and the 3/8 or so seam allowance brought the fit just trim enough. The hardest thing was getting my machine, the material and I to agree on a stretch stich. The one I have sits a little lumpy and will probably be a fail under pack straps. If you have and can use an overlock or serger I would go that way. I still need to experiment more with the 20 or so stitches my machine does to find one that works to make a seam that lays flatter. The seam I have is formed by the two pieces layed on top of eachother with an overlock style stitch run along the edge.
Much like the other MYOG, clothes are not that hard if you have a pattern and take your time. The strech is a bit of a learning curve, but not nearly as had as putting a curvred zippe rinto nylonOct 1, 2011 at 7:29 pm #1785664
Bill FornshellBPL Member
@bfornshellLocale: Southern Texas
Start out with a pair of briefs and then a pair of pants. Then maybe a T-shirt with a hood, a pair of mittens and a pair of sleeping socks. You can buy several different weights of capilene yardage but it is not called capilene on the web site. The catalog link is still good and it looks like they have many more colors then they did when I bought mine. I may need to order some of the newer colors.Oct 3, 2011 at 2:05 pm #1786195
Andrew SchrinerMember
@lettheguydanceLocale: Midwest
I made a midlayer top out of some polartech powerstretch with a snug fitting hood (like for under a climbing helmet) thumbholes on the sleeves, and hidden hand warmer pockets above the level of a hipbelt or harness. I was going to use the Green Pepper Polar Hoodie pattern, but when I got it and did some sanity check measurements on it, it had really, really weird dimensions. Snug hood and baggy body. I would recommend avoiding that pattern.
I ended up making my own pattern in a CAD program. I can send you the pattern if you want ideas, although it is customized for my body dimensions (I'm 5'9" and ~160lbs).
I do really like the powerstretch fabric for midlayer or warm baselayer. Easy to work with, warm, comfy and stretchy.
And yes, I liked the outcome :)Oct 3, 2011 at 3:45 pm #1786234
Jerry AdamsBPL Member
@retiredjerryLocale: Oregon and Washington
I've made my own base layers
Started with a shirt that was the right size, made a pattern out of it
I always make everything a little baggier. More room for air to circulate to reduce sweating. I make the sides straight and the same width all the way from top to bottom to make it easier. Except the arms and legs are tapered.
Used Supplex fabric. That is really good because it offers UPF 50 sun protection, fabric too dense for mosquito probes to get through, and is lightweight so it absorbs little water so if it gets sweaty it quickly dries. Supplex is not advertised as "wicking" but I think that may be more marketing hype than anything useful but a lot of people swear by it so for this reason Supplex may not be the best.
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


text:
Intro, Outro using Sony Vegas for Youtube
This project received 17 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $33 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$10 - $30 USD
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Project Description
I need to create an intro & outro of 10 & 7 seconds respectively for my Youtube channel, which I can use for creating videos using Sony Vegas. The content & general idea of what the intro & outro will have I will let know. Have you done such work? If so, send quote with some reference work. The output you can give me in mp4 format with the raw .veg files included too. I can explain further once you contact. Intro & Outro will only have images & texts.
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Match Day — the day when thousands of medical students across the country find out where they'll be doing their residency — filled the Texas Medical Center with sounds of laughter, cheers and excitement. Houston Public Radio's Laurie Johnson has more.
Lindsay Crawford is a fourth-year medical student at Baylor College of Medicine.
"Amazingly I slept like a rock last night, but as soon as I woke up I thought that I might, you know, get sick. I've been so nervous so I'm so glad it's over. You know, I cried…so it's very exciting for us."
Crawford matched at one of her top choices, a hospital in Ft. Worth where she'll specialize in orthopedic surgery. She's one of 81 women and 80 men at Baylor who found out where they'll spend the next three to seven years of their lives. Baylor College of Medicine Senior Vice President and Dean of Clinical Affairs Dr. Jay Stein says he remembers his own match day 46 years ago.
"The truth is that your life is much more affected by where you do your residency training than by where you go to medical school. So I was at University of Tennessee, and I got my little slip and it said I'm going to the University of Iowa and, so that changed my whole life. Three weeks after I got there I met my wife-to-be and so it's everything."
This year, 60 of the students matched at Baylor, including Fourth-Year Class President Stacey Rose.
"You know, you start school and you don't quite know whether you're going to be able to cut it. And then you figure out you can. And then you figure out that there's all these amazingly wonderful people that are riding along in this somewhat bumpy roller coaster with you. And then of course today is sort of the climax of all of that and there are really are smiles and tears and it's very momentous."
Match Day is a national program that matches medical students around the country with residency positions at hundreds of teaching hospitals. Nearly 20,000 students match every year. Laurie Johnson, Houston Public Radio News.


text: Hi, We are planning a trip for the end of Aug. - Sept. Everyone I talk to says Have fun it's hot. I know it's FL, but we are from NJ and it seems like it rain more at this time. So to me it's ok simce we will just be doing things inside. Has anyone gone at this time? What should we expect? Thanks


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UK Immigration Law
Have UK Immigration Law Questions? Get Answers Now.
you got my question wrong ! There was a 10 days gap on sep 2012 and when I got the visa on Oct 2012 I returned to theUK and I stayed there till the 6th of Aug 2013 and now I am out side the UK and my visa will expired on the 15th of Aug and I might obtain the new visa after the 15th of Aug which mean there will be a gap.
I will give you all the dates so it will be easier to understand.
my previous visa was student visa expired on the 30th of september 2012 and I left the UK on the same date. when I went back home My wife and I applied for a visa mine was dependent visa it is valid from 07/10/2012 and I entered the UK on the 23ed of October 2012 and the expiry date is 15th of Aug 2013. ( while I was outside the UK I have a running flat contract and a car under my name if these info help), the gap between the 2 visas is 7 days I believe.
now my current visa which will expired on the 15 of Aug 2013. and I applied for a course in the UK and I got the offer to do the master, these days I'm waiting for the financial guarantee so I can provide it to the university and who will give me the CAS letter, the issue is by the time I obtain the CAS letter - I have to have the CAS letter to apply for student visa - my current visa will be expired and there will be a gap.
Will these gaps effect my right to get the citizenship ?
What came to my mind is I apply for a visit visa to obtain a visa while waiting to receive my study document to apply for a student visa the reason to do that is trying to avoid gaps if the gap is an issue.


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Television presenter Esther Rantzen has claimed she was the victim of misrepresentation by the police in a case allegedly similar to the Plebgate affair, which cost Andrew Mitchell his job as a cabinet minister.
Amid a new investigation by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) and fresh claims that officers have misled parliament, the BBC presenter claimed she and her late husband Desmond Wilcox were the subject of police lies after he was stopped by a traffic officer while speeding. She said the officer wrote down that her husband had said: "I am the well-known celebrity producer Desmond Wilcox and my wife Esther Rantzen is a TV celebrity. Don't you know who we are?"
"Of course we would never say anything like that," she told Sky News's Murnaghan. Rantzen said they did not take the matter further because they did not think they would have much chance against the word of a police officer: "There's a few of the rotten apples in the barrels where this just comes as second nature to them."
The plebgate scandal will be back in the spotlight this week, as Keith Vaz, chair of the home affairs committee, hauls two officers back to his inquiry to demand they make a formal apology. On Sunday, Vaz accused several officers of misleading parliament over their account of a meeting with Mitchell at the height of the furore.
Mitchell stepped down as Conservative chief whip last year after he was alleged to have called officers "fucking plebs" at the gates of Downing Street. He has always claimed to have been "stitched up" by police, and a number of officers have been arrested on suspicion of misconduct.
Three Police Federation representatives were accused of misrepresenting a meeting with Mitchell days after the original dispute. They said Mitchell had refused to say what happened, but the MP made a recording that contradicted their account. Two of the officers, Detective Sergeant Stuart Hinton and Sergeant Chris Jones, will be recalled to give evidence to MPs and asked to make a formal apology.
"We had testimony from two of the officers that was inconsistent with the facts, and we have asked them to come back to make a formal apology to the committee," Vaz told BBC News. "I hope that they will do that. They've done so in writing, but it's an opportunity for them to go on the record to correct some of the inconsistencies that occurred in their evidence and, I hope, bring this whole matter to a swift conclusion."
On Sunday, Alex Marshall, head of the College of Policing, said the police watchdog should have looked into all aspects of the scandal from the start rather than allowing forces to investigate themselves.
Marshall, who is responsible for a new police code of ethics, welcomed the news that there would be a new investigation by the IPCC, but said it should have happened earlier, adding that the officers "should have apologised and they should have apologised very clearly".
"This is a damaging episode," he said. "This damages trust and confidence in the police service, and it detracts from the very good work that's done by officers day and night keeping the public safe and reducing crime, which is what's been happening over recent years. The long-term trend in public confidence in the police has gone up since 2003, and that's earned on the back of people working earlies, lates and nights and solving crime and doing a really good job."
David Davis, a friend of Mitchell and a former Conservative leadership candidate, said it was "extraordinarily serious for the police" that the officers stand accused of not telling the truth before a parliamentary select committee.
Davis told Sky's Murnaghan programme that the behaviour "just isn't good enough for a police officer" but also argued that the issue was a wider one of "whether this sort of behaviour is seen as acceptable for the entire system".
He said it was "plain as a pikestaff" that Mitchell had been wronged and accused the police of coming up with a "pack of lies" about the dispute in Downing Street.
"It's long past time that Mr Mitchell was exonerated and returned to office," he said.
Davis said Mitchell did not complain about the discrepancies in the police account at the time because he was "under instructions to play this down and not cause any trouble for the government".


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How cool would it be to have a virtual assistant at home who would control everything that you do yourself – from regulating the speed of the fan to toasting some slices of bread for your easy breakfast?
Mark Zuckerberg was working on one of his personal projects of 2016, the idea of which revolved around talking to an artificially intelligent voice-controlled assistant who could be your friend at home.
"In some ways, this challenge was easier than I expected." – mentioned Zuckerberg in one of his interviews.
The inspiration to build an artificially intelligent voice-controlled assistant came from the Iron Man movie where the main character, Tony Stark had a digital butler, Jarvis, who controlled his life at home.
Amazon-echo is already in the market which has a similar functionality of a smart-home tech, but what Mark needed was a customization of his own so he started working to build one, LIKE A BOSS.
Mark makes the whole digital personal assistant thing look this simple.
The plan was to teach the digital personal assistant everything with time, like how you teach a kid. While being at home, if Mark wanted to listen to some songs of his preference, he built his PA intelligent enough to recognize choices and produce related output.
Sadly, the code on which he spent almost a ton of hours, can no more be under his wisdom. We are receiving reports that he is planning to give away that handsome code he was working on. He wants to basically outsource the code so that this can be laid as a foundation to create similar functionality products.
It's going to be an early tomorrow when an artificially intelligent voice-controlled assistant will be so commonly found in most of the households. The future seems so bright and this guy, Mark is doing an incredible job!


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Midnight: New Sense
I was about to go up to where Matthew was yelling his head up when I sensed that there was someone new here. I turned around and spotted a man who was definitly a vampire.
"Hello." I said as I approached him "Welcome to Vampire Mansion." I smiled at him "I'm Midnight. What's your name?" I was still wearing my old dress and my hair was still a mess. So I guessed that I looked very unpresentable.


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Jlin follows up one of 2017's very best 12"s with her brand new and hugely anticipated long-player for Planet Mu, Black Origami. Continuing the peak time dancefloor devastation left behind by her debut Dark Energy, Black Origami comes on in double strength with an A list of collaborations including William Basinski (!!!), Holly Herndon, Dope Saint Jude, Halcyon Veil's Fawkes plus Indian dancer and movement artist Avril Stormy (with whom Jlin previously collaborated at Unsound festival). No matter which way you approach it, Jlin's Black Origami is one of the most fast-paced, disorientating and above all else gut-wrenchingly exciting records you are gonna come across bar none.
Compassion is the highly anticipated return of Forest Swords, following his stunning Tri Angle album Engravings (one of our top 10 albums of 2013). Composed as a response to the current state of the world as seen through his eyes, Compassion is a perfectly formed transmission from the mid-point between ecstasy and melancholy, a call to arms for togetherness in times of hardship.
Mind expanding archival book and CD set from raster-noton surveying the last twenty years of operations from the label, includes a CD featuring Kangding Ray, Emptyset, Alva Noto, Senking & more.
To celebrate the release of A Thousand Skies by Clap! Clap! Black Acre have printed up a limited run of t-shirts featuring the Clap! Clap! logo print on both the front and back of the shirt.
Neo-Ouija is a beautifully honed slice of late-90s electronica, lush and soulful while also full of the glee of a genre riding a new flush of mainstream support. Garage, jungle, downtempo hip-hop, trip-hop and much more are combined by Metamatics for an effect that is both classic and futuristic, meticulous yet free.
Skam Records' most elusive artist Bola returns with new album D.E.G. - the first movement from the project in a decade. Distilling the dynamics of 2007's Kroungrine and his past involvement with the Skam/Ae related Gescom project, Bola's return sees him armed with an entirely new pallet of electronics that are perfectly crafted into an album of sonic shapes that amount to create one of the most mysterious yet utterly enduring electronic albums of the decade.


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July 8th, 2011
No-contract (sometimes called "pre-paid") phones now come in a wide variety, including everything from simple flip phones to Android smartphones with Internet data. The Huawei M735 is something between those two extremes, a feature phone with an easy-to-use touch screen that lets you check e-mail, text friends and take photos. Affordable, light and small, the Huawei is easy to carry and easy on your wallet. Read More
April 1st, 2011
Prepaid store on Wirefly.com offers consumers all the benefits of wireless without the commitment Read More
March 22nd, 2011
Wirefly is pleased to offer several choices in pre-paid phones. With an economy that is not all it could be, prepaid phones are a way for individuals and families to control their costs, while still staying connected. The best thing is that pre-paid today no longer means "basic" and "without features." Read More


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Is there going to be a sequel for The Sopranos?
Nope tony got murdered in the final episode.
Is there going to be a sequel to this movie?
No, currently there are no plans to make a sequel
Is there going to be a sequel to Left 4 Dead?
There was, in fact, a sequel to the first person zombie survival simulator Left 4 Dead. Left 4 Dead 2 was released in the middle of November 2009 to strong critical praise and commercial success.So...
Read More »
Is there going to be a Chris Nolan Dark knight trilogy box set in dvd & bluray?
Definitely. How else do they earn extra profit?Right now they already have a box set for the first 2. I don't see why they won't do a box set that include Dark Knight Rises in the future.
Is there a sequel to the movie"the covenant"?
"The Covenant" is a 2006 movie directed by Renny Harlin. It concerns four friends who are the descendants of a group of 17th-century warlocks. There have been rumors of a "Covenant" sequel, but as ...
Read More »


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Charmian Gooch:
當一個來自極端貧困國家的總統之子,他的官方月薪只有美金 7,000元,但卻開始購置豪宅跟高級跑車時,Charmian Gooch 告訴大家,貪腐可能就在其中。在這令人眼界大開的演說中 (經由數個實際案例),她仔細的講述全球貪腐追查者是如何順著金流去追蹤到一些令你驚訝的熟悉臉孔。
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Why dirty money is far too easy to hide
Corrupt officials and criminal operators are brilliant at hiding their money and actions from public view. But there's something we can do about it, says the team at Global Witness. It starts with closing loopholes.
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Off the Wall spoofs nuns on film in 'The Divine Sister'
Whether she's named Bernadette, Maria, Agnes or Sister George — and whether she's a lost adolescent, a postulant or a rebellious younger sister — the young women in many nun movies are stifling urges that don't square with Mother Superior's warped and wimpled world view.
All of which means it was only a matter of time before nun movies became grist for prankster Charles Busch, who has built a career sending up older flicks — while liberating their latent sexual impulses.
This variation on Busch's theme is called "The Divine Sister," and it's now making nightly visitations on a churchly stage approached via a fashion runway at Off the Wall Theatre, under Jeremy C. Welter's direction.
As in its three previous productions of Busch plays, Off the Wall has tapped Mark Hagen for the drag role that Busch usually writes for himself; this time, Hagen dons the black robes of the Mother Superior running a dilapidated convent school — as sorely in need of a face lift as Ingrid Bergman's St. Mary's.
While trying to save her crumbling building, Mother Superior also is wrestling with a few choice personnel issues.
A wide-eyed, fresh-faced postulant (Brianna Borouchoff) is singing her own off-key version of the song of Bernadette — featuring visions of St. Claire within underwear stains — before morphing into the crazed novice in "Agnes of God" (iconic stigmata scene included).
Sister Acacius (Heather Reynolds) is swinging both ways, acting out steamy lesbian fantasies with an ex-Nazi nun (Jocelyn Ridgely) — before morphing into the mentally unstable sister played by Kathleen Byron in "Black Narcissus" (iconic lipstick scene included), as her eyes hungrily devour a very welcome male intruder (Welter, channeling David Farrar).
Speaking of the erotically charged "Black Narcissus" — and the chief nun role assumed there by a decidedly sexual Deborah Kerr — there's more to this play's Mother Superior than a grim diet of poverty, chastity and obedience, or misguided efforts to hit up an unlikely benefactor (Barbara Baird Zaferos).
It's soon clear that Mother has an inner wild child of her own, including a racy past as a sexy reporter — think Rosalind Russell's salad days as Hildy Johnson, before Russell became the grimly amused sourpuss running a Catholic boarding school in "The Trouble With Angels."
I'll spare you Busch's plot, which has more twists and turns than "The Da Vinci Code" — itself satirized, in vignettes exposing its thin narrative for the tiresome shell game it is. Unlike Dan Brown's empty novel, the plot in "The Divine Sister" never pretends to be anything but a transparent excuse for an overstuffed revue.
And I do mean overstuffed. Funny as Busch can be, he never knows when enough is enough; like every play of his I've seen, this one is at least 20 minutes too long. It can seem longer still here because Welter's cast — not yet entirely in command of its lines and still refining its timing during Thursday's opening — continually overeggs the pudding.
To convey the delicious sexual friction in Busch's source material, one must exercise enough restraint to give some sense of the sisters' precarious balance, between what they piously say they believe and how they actually feel — or, in Busch's terms, between what these movies claim to be and what they really are.
"The Divine Sister" continues through Nov. 3 at Off the Wall Theatre, 127 E. Wells St. For tickets, go to www.offthewall
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Winnie and Nadette are not only twins but also dream achieving partners. They have been accomplishing goals together for more than 5 years and have won 2 awards for their cinematic efforts. Their story began with an idea for making a film that documented the loss of the historic Taiwanese village where they were raised by their grandparents during much of their childhood. The documentary was a very important milestone for the twins. It symbolically represented their new beginning and well as the opening of a new chapter for their whole family.
Their grandfather moved to Taiwan from China at the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949, where he began his new life, got married and started a family. In 2009, the village was scheduled for expropriation per government policy. Winnie and Nadette decided to make a film about their grandparent's village to share their childhood memories with family and friends, viewing the loss of the village as a new beginning and the opportunity to create new memories. Having started learning from ground zero, overcoming many challenges in a short timeframe and eventually completing the film as planned,
Winnie and Nadette regard themselves as dream achievers and keep setting new goals and embarking on new projects with people around the world every year. In addition to continuing to work in film and web development fields, Winnie and Nadett's latest goal is to travel around the world freely and they have visited 4 countries to date: America, Dubai, Hong Kong, and Cambodia.
They hope in sharing their experiences they can inspire people and challenge dreamers to push their limits.


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Louise joined Thomas Miller in March 2002 as a Claims Executive specializing in personal injury claims. Prior to joining Thomas Miller Louise was a partner with Emard, Danoff, Port & Tamulski, LLP. Before that she practiced law for eight years in the San Francisco office of Kaye Rose & Partners. Immediately after law school, Louise worked in the London office of another P&I Club.
In 2004 Louise became Leader of the Thomas Miller (Americas) Bodily Injury Team which currently meets twice monthly to review and discuss bodily injury claims and litigation for both the P&I and TT Clubs. She is responsible for the publication of the UK P&I Club's US Bodily Injury News and the annual member Round Table held in the New Jersey Office. In June 2006, Louise was appointed Director of Thomas Miller (San Francisco) and assumed responsibility for management of the San Francisco office. In September 2009, Louise was appointed Senior Claims Director for the UK P&I Club. In 2015 Louise became the Claims Manager for the New Jersey office.
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As the international community's attention is fixed on the coup and crisis in Honduras, another Central American country fights the constraints and inequalities caused by flawed Free Trade Agreements between the United States and the hemisphere.
Introducing our new special focus on one of the most important areas in global politics,South Asia.
The Afghan activist and legislator says no to the United States and NATO, the warlords, and the Taliban, and says yes to democracy.
Two expensive problems. Lots of debt. Will the administration make the right choice when it comes to health care or war?
A new report finds military hardware we don't need isn't as great for job creation as advertised.
How Obama can earn his prize. Also, how one man is bringing baseball to Cambodia.
In this new book, Ray Takeyh argues for engaging Iran rather than isolating it.
Al-Qaeda has left Afghanistan. We should leave, too, before another soldier or civilian dies without purpose.
The Obama administration and congressional Democrats, in rejecting the recommendations of the Goldstone report, have defended Israeli war crimes in Gaza.