text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 18, 2006
|Filing date
|Feb 9, 2004
|Priority date
|Feb 9, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gideon Roberts, Andrew Farnsworth
|Original Assignee
|M-Stack Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (14), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
This application relates to mobile telecommunications systems, for example UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), in general and to an apparatus and method for implementing system information acquisition in mobile telecommunications system user equipment.
2. Description of the Related Art
The approaches described in this section could be pursued, but are not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
In a typical cellular radio system, mobile user equipment (UE) communicates via a radio access radio network (RAN) to one or more core networks. User equipment (UE) comprises various types of equipment such as mobile telephones (also known as cellular or cell phones), lap tops with wireless communication capability, personal digital assistants (PDAs) etc. These may be portable, hand held, pocket sized, installed in a vehicle etc and communicate voice and/or data signals with the radio access network.
The radio access network covers a geographical area divided into a plurality of cell areas. Each cell area is served by at least one base station, which may be referred to as a Node B. Each cell is identified by a unique identifier which is broadcast in the cell. The base stations communicate at radio frequencies over an air interface with the UEs within range of the base station. Several base stations may be connected to a radio network controller (RNC) which controls various activities of the base stations. The radio network controllers are typically connected to a core network.
UMTS is a third generation public land mobile telecommunication system. Various standardization bodies are known to publish and set standards for UMTS, each in their respective areas of competence. For instance, the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) has been known to publish and set standards for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based UMTS, and the 3GPP2 (Third Generation Partnership Project 2) has been known to publish and set standards for CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) based UMTS. Within the scope of a particular standardization body, specific partners publish and set standards in their respective areas.
Consider a wireless mobile device, generally referred to as user equipment (UE), that complies with the 3GPP specifications for the UMTS protocol. The 3GPP 25.331 specification, v.3.15.0, referred to herein as the 25.331 specification, addresses the subject of UMTS RRC (Radio Resource Control) protocol requirements between the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and the UE.
Clause 8.1.1 of the 25.331 specification, relates to the broadcast of system information. The UTRAN sends system information to a UE by means of a message that comprises a Master Information Block (MIB) and a plurality of System Information Blocks (SIBs). The MIB provides references and scheduling information for a number of system information blocks. A system information block groups together system information elements (IEs) of the same nature. Different system information blocks may have different characteristics, e.g. regarding their repetition rate and the requirements on UEs to re-read the system information blocks. The system information blocks contain the actual system information. The master information block may optionally also contain reference and scheduling information to one or two scheduling blocks, which give references and scheduling information for additional system information blocks. Scheduling information for a system information block is included in either the master information block or one of the scheduling blocks.
When a UMTS cell is selected by a mobile device, the master information block (MIB) is read on the broadcast control channel (BCCH) followed by the appropriate system information blocks (SIBs).
If the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) needs to change any of the system information blocks, it informs the mobile devices (UEs) in the cell. This is achieved by the UTRAN sending SYSTEM INFORMATION as illustrated generally in
In part 8.1.1 of the 25.331 standard (for instance Clauses 18.104.22.168.4, 18.104.22.168 and 188.8.131.52) it is stated that a UE may consider the content of the scheduling block or system information block as valid until it receives the same type of block or at most six hours after reception. If after six hours a SIB has not been re-read by the UE it is marked invalid and the UE has to re-acquire the SIB from the broadcast system information. In the meantime, the UE has no valid copy of the SIB which may lead to UTRAN messages being ignored or responded to incorrectly. For SIBS without value tags (e.g. SIB7), where the expiry timer has a value configured by the scheduling information, according to the prior art the SIB is also marked invalid on expiry of the timer and then re-acquired (clause 220.127.116.11.4).
There are therefore proposed strategies for dealing with the acquisition of system information. A number of such strategies are detailed below.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of an apparatus and method for handling the acquisition of system information in mobile telecommunications systems such as UMTS.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
The same reference numerals are used in different figures to denote similar elements.
A method and apparatus for implementing system information acquisition is described. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practised without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
The needs identified in the foregoing Background, and other needs and objects that will become apparent from the following description, are achieved by, in one aspect, a method for implementing system information acquisition in a mobile telecommunications device. In other aspects, the invention encompasses apparatus and a computer-readable medium configured to carry out the foregoing steps. In particular, the method may be implemented in a mobile telecommunications device, with or without voice capabilities, or other electronic devices such as handheld or portable devices and/or within the network.
Referring to the drawings,
The RRC block 200 is a sub layer of Layer 3 130 of a UMTS protocol stack 100. The RRC 200 exists in the control plane only and provides an information transfer service to the non-access stratum NAS 134. The RRC 200 is responsible for controlling the configuration of radio interface Layer 1 110 and Layer 2 120. When the UTRAN wishes to change the UE configuration it will issue a message to the UE containing a command to invoke a specific RRC procedure. The RRC 200 layer of the UE decodes this message and initiates the appropriate RRC procedure. Generally when the procedure has been completed (either successfully or not) then the RRC sends a response message to the UTRAN (via the lower layers) informing the UTRAN of the outcome. It should be noted that there are a few scenarios where the RRC will not issue a response message to the UTRAN and, in those cases the RRC need not and does not reply.
As shown in
The threshold is a value that indicates a period towards the end of the time limit. Considering a SIB with a value tag as discussed in the 25.331 standard, the time limit is 6 hours and the threshold is a value that is before the last transmission of the SIB according to the scheduling information in the preceding SIB transmission cycle (which is 4096 frames or 40.96 seconds) in the 6 hour time limit. Other suitable values for the threshold are 81.92 seconds (2 cycles), 10 cycles, 30 minutes (roughly 40 cycles), 2 hours etc.
The UE may implement the system information provided in the broadcast system information as soon as it is received or it may wait until the end of the expiration time limit T. In this latter case, the UE may be arranged to mark the newly acquired system information valid only at the expiry of the time limit T associated with the previous system information.
For a system information block with a value tag, the value of the threshold may be a few multiples of the system information repetition period so that the UE starts looking for a transmission of the SIB well before the end of the time limit. For the 25.331 standard example, where the time limit is 6 hours (21600 seconds), it is envisaged that the threshold may be orders of magnitude lower e.g. 216 seconds or less.
For a system information block without a value tag (e.g. SIB7), the expiration time is determined using scheduling information and possibly information elements contained within the SIB itself.
In the 25.331 standard, the expiration of SIB7 is given by Table 8.1.1 as "Expiration time=MAX(32,SIB_REP*ExpirationTimeFactor)".
SIB_REP is specified in Clause 10.3.8.16 as "Repetition period for the SIB in frames". ExpirationTimeFactor is provided in SIB7 and is a value in the range 2^1, 2^2, . . . 2^8.
For a system information block without a value tag (e.g. SIB7), the SIB will be acquired and decoded and then the expiry timer started. In the prior art, this presents a problem which may be illustrated using the following example. Consider SIB7 scheduled for transmission in frames 0, 16, 32, 48 etc., and the expiration timer for SIB7 has a value of 32 (320 ms). At frame 0 (t=0 ms), SIB7 is acquired by the UE and decoded. This process takes a finite amount of time, say 30 ms, and then the UE starts the expiration timer. Owing to the acquisition/decoding time, the expiration timer will expire at t=350 ms. On expiry of the timer, the previous transmission of SIB7 (at t=320 ms) will have been missed, therefore the UE will now be without a valid SIB7 until the next SIB7 (broadcast at t=480 ms) has been acquired and decoded. However, according to the techniques described herein, the UE is arranged to attempt to re-acquire the SIB before the end of the expiration time limit and to store updated system information in the user equipment device. Thus, in the above example, a UE is arranged to start re-acquisition of the system information within a threshold, say of 40 ms, of the expiry of the expiration timer and thus the UE starts the attempt to re-acquire SIB7 at t=280 ms.
For SIBs without value tags, the UE is aware of the associated expiration timer values from the information as specified in Table 8.1.1 of 25.331. The value for the threshold for an SIB may be particular to that SIB based on the repetition period for the specific SIB and needs to be less than the repetition period for the specified SIB, but large enough to minimise the possibility of the UE being without valid system information.
Turning now to
Where mobile station 700 is enabled for two-way communication, it will incorporate a communication subsystem 711, including both a receiver 712 and a transmitter 714, as well as associated components such as one or more, preferably embedded or internal, antenna elements 716 and 718, local oscillators (LOs) 713, and a processing module such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 720. As will be apparent to those skilled in the field of communications, the particular design of the communication subsystem 711 will be dependent upon the communication network in which the device is intended to operate. For example, mobile station 700 may include a communication subsystem 711 designed to operate within the Mobitex™ mobile communication system, the DataTAC™ mobile communication system, GPRS network, UMTS network, or EDGE network.
Network access requirements will also vary depending upon the type of network 702. For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC networks, mobile station 700 is registered on the network using a unique identification number associated with each mobile station. In UMTS and GPRS networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of mobile station 700. A GPRS mobile station therefore requires a subscriber identity module (SIM) card in order to operate on a GPRS network. Without a valid SIM card, a GPRS mobile station will not be fully functional. Local or non-network communication functions, as well as legally required functions (if any) such as "911" emergency calling, may be available, but mobile station 700 will be unable to carry out any other functions involving communications over the network 702. The SIM interface 744 is normally similar to a card-slot into which a SIM card can be inserted and ejected like a diskette or PCMCIA card. The SIM card can have approximately 64K of memory and hold many key configuration 751, and other information 753 such as identification, and subscriber related information.
When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, mobile station 700 may send and receive communication signals over the network 702. Signals received by antenna 716 through communication network 702 are input to receiver 712, which may perform such common receiver functions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection and the like, and in the example system shown in
Mobile station 700 preferably includes a microprocessor 738 which controls the overall operation of the device. Communication functions, including at least data and voice communications, are performed through communication subsystem 711. Microprocessor 738 also interacts with further device subsystems such as the display 722, flash memory 724, random access memory (RAM) 726, auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystems 728, serial port 730, keyboard 732, speaker 734, microphone 736, a short-range communications subsystem 740 and any other device subsystems generally designated as 742.
Some of the subsystems shown in
Operating system software used by the microprocessor 738 is preferably stored in a persistent store such as flash memory 724, which may instead be a read-only memory (ROM) or similar storage element (not shown). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operating system, specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile memory such as RAM 726. Received communication signals may also be stored in RAM 726.
As shown, flash memory 724 can be segregated into different areas for both computer programs 758 and program data storage 750, 752, 754 and 756. These different storage types indicate that each program can allocate a portion of flash memory 724 for their own data storage requirements. Microprocessor 738, in addition to its operating system functions, preferably enables execution of software applications on the mobile station. A predetermined set of applications that control basic operations, including at least data and voice communication applications for example, will normally be installed on mobile station 700 during manufacturing. A preferred software application may be a personal information manager (PIM) application having the ability to organize and manage data items relating to the user of the mobile station such as, but not limited to, e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. Naturally, one or more memory stores would be available on the mobile station to facilitate storage of PIM data items. Such PIM application would preferably have the ability to send and receive data items, via the wireless network 702. In a preferred embodiment, the PIM data items are seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated, via the wireless network 702, with the mobile station user's corresponding data items stored or associated with a host computer system. Further applications may also be loaded onto the mobile station 700 through the network 702, an auxiliary I/O subsystem 728, serial port 730, short-range communications subsystem 740 or any other suitable subsystem 742, and installed by a user in the RAM 726 or preferably a non-volatile store (not shown) for execution by the microprocessor 738. Such flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the device and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using the mobile station 700.
In a data communication mode, a received signal such as a text message or web page download will be processed by the communication subsystem 711 and input to the microprocessor 738, which preferably further processes the received signal for output to the display 722, or alternatively to an auxiliary I/O device 728. A user of mobile station 700 may also compose data items such as email messages for example, using the keyboard 732, which is preferably a complete alphanumeric keyboard or telephone-type keypad, in conjunction with the display 722 and possibly an auxiliary I/O device 728. Such composed items may then be transmitted over a communication network through the communication subsystem 711.
For voice communications, overall operation of mobile station 700 is similar, except that received signals would preferably be output to a speaker 734 and signals for transmission would be generated by a microphone 736. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on mobile station 700. Although voice or audio signal output is preferably accomplished primarily through the speaker 734, display 722 may also be used to provide an indication of the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information for example.
Serial port 730 in
Other communications subsystems 740, such as a short-range communications subsystem, is a further optional component which may provide for communication between mobile station 700 and different systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices. For example, the subsystem 740 may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components or a Bluetooth™ communication module to provide for communication with similarly enabled systems and devices.
When mobile device 700 is used as a UE, protocol stacks 746 include apparatus and a method for implementing system information acquisition in mobile telecommunications system user equipment.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the technique. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
It is to be noted that the methods as described have shown steps being carried out in a particular order. However, it would be clear to a person skilled in the art that the order of the evaluation of some steps is immaterial with respect to the operation of the method. The ordering of the steps as described herein is not intended to be limiting.
It is also to be noted that where a method has been described it is also intended that protection is also sought for a device arranged to carry out the method and where features have been claimed independently of each other these may be implemented or claimed together with other claimed features.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 19, 1998
|Jul 15, 2003
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Method and apparatus for dynamically adapting a connection state in a mobile communications system
|May 18, 2000
|Sep 30, 2003
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Method and apparatus for broadcasting system information in a cellular communications network
|Feb 16, 2001
|Nov 14, 2002
|Yilin Zhao
|GPS assistance messages in cellular communications networks and methods therefor
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 2, 2005
|Aug 9, 2011
|Research In Motion Limited
|Apparatus and method for querying for RAT handover system information in mobile telecommunications systems
|Feb 5, 2008
|Sep 25, 2012
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Verification of system information in wireless communication system
|Jul 12, 2011
|Oct 22, 2013
|Blackberry Limited
|Apparatus and method for querying for RAT handover system information in mobile telecommunications systems
|Apr 7, 2011
|Mar 4, 2014
|Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc.
|Digital subscriber line (DSL) network upgrade tool
|Jun 5, 2009
|Aug 12, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for managing interaction between DRX cycles and paging cycles
|Jun 18, 2009
|Sep 23, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for managing system information modification in a wireless communication system
|Aug 11, 2014
|May 19, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for managing interaction between DRX cycles and paging cycles
|Nov 2, 2005
|May 3, 2007
|Andrew Farnsworth
|Apparatus and method for querying for RAT handover system information in mobile telecommunications systems
|Jun 5, 2009
|Dec 17, 2009
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for managing interaction between drx cycles and paging cycles
|Jun 18, 2009
|Dec 24, 2009
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for managing system information modification in a wireless communication system
|Feb 5, 2008
|Jul 29, 2010
|Patrick Fischer
|Verification of system information in wireless communication system
|Apr 7, 2011
|Jul 28, 2011
|Mishra Anurag K
|Digital subscriber line (dsl) network upgrade tool
|Jan 18, 2007
|Oct 3, 2012
|System and method for capturing system message as well as method for sending system message
|Feb 5, 2008
|Aug 14, 2008
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Verification of system information in wireless communication system
|U.S. Classification
|455/434, 370/252, 370/347, 455/445, 455/435.1, 370/338, 370/341, 455/436
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 7, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 16, 2011
Owner name: RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED, CANADA
Effective date: 20110216
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:M-STACK LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:025969/0803
|Dec 18, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 19, 2014
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:032471/0734
Effective date: 20130709
Owner name: BLACKBERRY LIMITED, ONTARIO


text:
24 hour IT strike likely at the BBC if ballot says yes
Just got off the phone with union Bectu, which amongst others represents many of the Siemens workers embedded at the BBC.
The spokesman said talks yesterday concluded that a 24-hour strike will be held if the recent ballot over industrial action reveals an apetite for action.
How to lead your organisation through Brexit
Find your way in the post-Brexit world and establish priorities in the face of uncertainty
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The union is unhappy with a pay freeze, redundancies and the possibility of servers being sent to Romania.
The union said it will attempt to maximise the impact of strikes which means sporting events and the build up to the general election could be hit.
I wonder if the Union has thought about striking while the BBC hosts the live debates between the party leaders. There will be three 90-minute debates, the first on ITV1, the second on Sky News and the last on BBC One.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thanks so much Mia. I was concerned if it would be hardy enough for my
location. If it is G. pratense then it is hardy.
-----Original Message-----
From: IGSROBIN [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com]On Behalf Of Mia
Sent: Monday, July 02, 2001 10:37 AM
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: Re: Splish Splash
Splish Splash is not an accepted name. The real name of this Geranium is G
pratense "Striatum". Earlier publisht as G pratense var. bicolor or G p var.
It is a seedling of G pratense which will mostly come true from seed.
Yesterday I found and purchased a charming little hybrid Geranium called
Splish Splash. The leaves look just like Johnson's Blue except slightly
lighter green and the flowers are white splashed with lavender-purple. Does
anyone know what the parentage might be?
E. WA. zone 4


text:
Texans Dealing with More Stress
Every other person you meet has probably suffered a major, stressful event in the last year. Polling suggests 50 percent of us have struggled with stress. Health problems seem to stress us the most. Problems at work bring stress, too. Clinical psychologist Dr. Laurence Abrams says we contribute -- the media does -- with our news.
"Violence and abuse and whatever you can come up with, political issues, turmoil," says Dr. Abrams. "Anything that is traumatic -- which is usually stressful -- is highlighted by the media."
Abrams says we've known stress can affect the rest of our lives for the last 50-to-60 years. Poll-takers say one-in-every-four people they talked to said they had experienced major stress in the last month.
What can you do?
"Sleep," he says. "That sleep will reduce your stress levels just because you won't feel so stressed out when something does hit you. You'll have more energy to deal with it."


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I moved in March 2012. Before the month was over, I found bites all over me (I have pictures). I found out they're bed bugs.
For two and a half weeks the manager, said i must have brought them in and that i would have to pay for it. Then I found bedbugregistry.com, which indicates this place has had a problem with bed bugs for years prior to my signing a lease. After much debate, he decided to call in pest control. After two treatments, they're still biting me and I'm losing work, losing sleep, and am emotionally scarred by all this.
I just want a clean home to live in. I won't find it here. So I want out, but the lease says that if I break it, it's 1.5 times the rent to break. I wasn't told of the BBs beforehand, and they're still here. Help? P.S., the 24-hour-notice for the pest control was for the WRONG studio, name, and everything.
Habitability related concerns will generally let you break a lease, if you've informed the landlord about them and if you informed the landlord of your intention to terminate the lease if the problem wasn't fixed within 48 hours. It's probably worth discussing with an attorney as to the content of the notice and delivery, the likelihood of recovering damages, and negotiating a reasonable settlement.
Licensed in Oregon. Answers provided for informational use only and are not legal advice. Advice provided is general information only. No attorney/client relationship is created unless and until we have met and entered into a written representation agreement. Feel free to contact me at www.MaugerLaw.com if you need to discuss your matter further.Ask a similar question
Pests, including bedbugs, can trigger habitability violations for a tenancy, which can lead to the recovery of damages and/or termination of the lease agreement. It's not an easy nor an automatic process, of course -- especially not recovering whatever damages might have been caused by the pests, including personal injury and/or property damage -- but it is potentially possible.
As my colleague indicated, breaking the lease due to habitability violations requires a formal notice, and also likely allowing the the landlord a time to cure the violation, so it is typically helpful to retain an attorney to assist you in this matter.
If you found this answer helpful, please click the "Mark as good answer" button, below. If you'd like to contact me regarding potentially representing you with regards to your legal matter, please click on my profile and give my office a call. My answer to your Avvo question, however, is informational only and is not intended to be legal advice, nor does it form the basis for any attorney-client relationship whatsoever, which can only be formed upon signing an Engagement Agreement and depositing a Retainer Fee into client trust. Further, I am only licensed in Oregon and laws vary from state to state. If you have an Oregon-related issue, feel free to contact me for a consultation. If you are outside of Oregon, please consult an attorney in your area for legal advice.Ask a similar question
I agree with Mr. Mauger and Mr. Parks, and would add one thing:
I think it is probably not legal for a landlord to charge a lease-break fee on 1.5 times the rent. When you break a lease, you are generally responsible for the lost rent and related costs that your landlord incurs. Landlords have their own duty to make good faith efforts to re-rent the unit. For example, if you lose on your bedbugs/habitability argument and move out in July and your landlord is unable to re-rent the place for the month of august, then you would potentially be liable for August rent. However, your landlord does not get to recover his or her damages more than once. Even if August rent were due, that extra .5 is not. Now, you may be on the hook for advertising costs needed to re-rent the place, but the landlord shouldn't be allowed to recover more than their actual damages and should be held to their duty to re-rent. If you end up in court over this, and you lose the habitability argument, make sure you make this second argument to the judge. And if the reason that the landlord is unable to re-rent is because of the bedbugs and they were there before you moved in, then there's a good argument that you should not be responsible for any lost rental income.
Another possible argument is fraud and/or misrepresentation. Its unlikely you would have specifically asked the landlord about bedbugs, but if you did and the landlord told you there weren't any, that's pretty clear-cut fraud. However, if you can prove that the landlord knew about the bedbugs and didn't disclose them to you, then you may have a misrepresentation claim as well. I'd print out the specific address from bedbugregistry.com and also bring a pre-move-in checklist if you have one and it shows that the conditions were fine. Pictures of bites and bedbugs (their light-sensitive, so this second part might be difficult) would also provide good evidence, especially if the infestation is severe. Finally, you should keep and present to the judge any written correspondence where you tell your landlord about the problem and from here on out, keep written records.
Good luck.
My responses to posts on AVVO are not legal advice, nor do they create an attorney-client relationship. In order to provide true (and reliable) legal advice, an attorney must be able to ask questions of the person seeking legal advice and to thus gather the appropriate information. In order for an attorney-client relationship to exist, you and I both have to agree the the terms of such an agreement.Ask a similar question
Meant to say "they are"
I agree with the counterclaim analysis/advice. However, 1.5 months rent is an acceptable lease break fee for a term tenancy, specifically allowed by ORS 90.302(2)(e) without proof of actual damages to your landlord. Now if your lease is month-to-month, then I agree with this analysis as well.
Very good point by Mr. Mauger. But if the landlord losses anything less than 1.5 months rent due to your breaking the lease (for example, if the dwelling is re-rented in less than a month and the advertising costs are minimal), then I'd still argue that they cannot recover for more than their actual damages and that they definitely cannot recover twice.
Also, if the landlord attempts to argue they are allowed to charge the 1.5 month's rent and that this is allowed under ORS 90.302(2)(e), I'd probably be arguing that the dwelling was not "abandoned without cause" and pointing to the bed bug problems/habitability issues. This is just another reason that you always should document such problems in writing via a dated letter to the landlord.
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Model Mayhem Admin
Chantelle MareeModel Female Palmerston North, Manawatu–Wanganui, New Zealand
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/chantellemaree
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About Me
No longer modelling as I am working on the other side of the camera!
Leaving this page up simply for connections in the industry.
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Kylie Cassidy
This photographer has a fabulous 'eye', is ultra professional and has some great ideas!
Andrew Hales #1215729
Absolutely Fabulous! Professional, fully equipped and totally creative. A pleasure to work with.
Radinka Lewis Photography (not on MM)
Great to work with, very flexible, patient and has a great eye!
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FABULOUS to work with, very professional, very directive and an excellent editor as well as photog! Worked with him twice so far and am pushing for a third!
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Fantastic shoot, loads of fun and so many creative ideas we didnt have time to fit everthing in!
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Very talented photog with fabulous unique ideas and great to work with!
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Bechtel is among the most respected engineering, construction, and project management companies in the world.
Together with our customers, we deliver landmark projects—the modern marvels of the world—that foster sustainable progress and grow economies.
With every project we undertake, no matter the scale, we place a core focus on protecting people and the environment, promoting local economic development, and partnering with communities and society.
Fred deSousa
We are excited to be part of the workforce and community in supporting the AEDC mission — Cynthia Rivera, general manager of NAS
We are excited to be part of the workforce and community in supporting the AEDC mission — Cynthia Rivera, general manager of NAS
Read Fortune's fascinating, in-depth look at Bechtel, a company they consider has "changed the face of the physical world more than any other," and have named one of the Top 25 Most Important Private Companies.
Bechtel-led National Aerospace Solutions, LLC has begun ground test operations of the Arnold Engineering Development Complex at Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee and facilities in Maryland and California.
"We are excited to be part of the workforce and community in supporting the AEDC mission," said Cynthia Rivera, general manager of NAS. "AEDC is a vital resource for ground test programs in both government and commercial sectors. Our vision is for NAS to be integral to the success of AEDC, the U.S. Air Force's premier aerospace testing facilities, while applying the highest standards of ethics, innovation, safety, security, and quality to daily operations."
NAS member companies include Bechtel National, Inc., Sierra Lobo Inc., and GP Strategies Corporation. Chugach Federal Solutions Inc. and nLogic Inc. are teaming subcontractors.
The scope of work for the Test Operations & Sustainment contract includes operation of wind tunnels, rocket and turbine engine test cells, ballistic ranges, space chambers, and other specialized testing units; as well as technology development, equipment and facility sustainment, capital improvements to the sites and other services for the complex. AEDC has played a role in testing nearly all of the United States' top priority aerospace programs, from fighter jets and missiles to Apollo rockets and weather satellites.
The contract is for one year with up to seven one-year options or award terms and a value of up to approximately $1.5 billion. NAS and its teaming subcontractors employ more than 1,300 engineers, scientists, technicians, and other personnel. After the contract award was affirmed earlier this year, a 90-day transition period began on April 1 and ended June 30.
Learn more:
National Aerospace Solutions
Bechtel's work supporting defense and nuclear security projects
Bechtel is one of the most respected global engineering, construction, and project management companies. Together with our customers, we deliver landmark projects that foster long-term progress and economic growth. Since 1898, we've completed more than 25,000 extraordinary projects across 160 countries on all seven continents. We operate through four global businesses: Infrastructure; Nuclear, Security & Environmental; Oil, Gas & Chemicals; and Mining & Metals. Our company and our culture are built on more than a century of leadership and a relentless adherence to our values, the core of which are safety, quality, ethics, and integrity. These values are what we believe, what we expect, what we deliver, and what we live. www.bechtel.com


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Need a Lipid Panel Test in Spanish Fort, AL? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable Lipid Panel Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
What is a Lipid Panel Test?
A Lipid Panel Test is a panel of lab tests that measure the lipid panel. People in Spanish Fort, AL order the Lipid Panel Test to get a baseline or for ongoing tracking.
How much does a Lipid Panel Test cost?
Our Lipid Panel Test price includes the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Spanish Fort, AL, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, please CLICK HERE.
What does a Lipid Panel Test lab report look like?
For a Lipid Panel Test sample report, please CLICK HERE.
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The New Church Leadership Academy (NCLA), coordinated through the Office of Congregational Development Development, is a twelve month process designed to help pastors better discern their ministry call, and assess if planting a new United Methodist congregation might be in God's call for their ministry future.
The NCLA is broken down into eleven modules over the course of the year and is held on the first Monday of each month, with the exception of July (no class is held). The group meets in a different new church location each month. Phil Schroeder, Director of Congregational Development is the facilitator of each session, with the teaching component conducted by other pastors in the conference, as well as some guest pastors from outside the conference.
The day begins with gathering from 9:30 to 10 a.m. The morning session covers the new church and planter. Lunch is provided. The afternoon session (1:00 – 3:00) is covers principles of planting a new church. Meetings are held one Monday a month during the school year at new church starts across North Georgia.
Phil Schroeder
Congregational Development
Take Path1 Discernment Assessment
In partnership with Candler School of Theology
Starting the third class session in the 2016-2017 Academic Year


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Hampton Inn & Suites Dallas Arlington N Entertainment Dist.
Select your stay dates to check availability at Hampton Inn & Suites Dallas Arlington N Entertainment Dist.
Hampton Inn & Suites Dallas Arlington N Entertainment Dist.
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Hampton Inn & Suites Dallas Arlington N Entertainment Dist. in Arlington, you'll be in the entertainment district and convenient to Six Flags Hurricane Harbor and Six Flags Over Texas. This hotel is within close proximity of Arlington Convention Center and International Bowling Museum and Hall of Fame.
Stay in one of 103 guestrooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Conveniences include complimentary weekday newspapers and irons/ironing boards, as well as phones with free local calls.
Don't miss out on recreational opportunities including an indoor pool and a fitness center. Additional features at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access and a television in a common area.
A complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, express check-out, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided at no charge.
Hotel Facilities
- Roll-in shower
- Business center
- Television in common areas
- Express check-out
- Free WiFi
- Free airport transportation
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Year Built 2010
- In-room accessibility
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Laundry facilities
- Accessible bathroom
- Indoor pool
- Free self parking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Fitness facilities
- Meeting rooms 3
- Luggage storage
- Number of floors - 5
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Total number of rooms - 103
- Free breakfast
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Smoke-free property
Room Facilities
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer
- Flat-panel TV
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Phone
- Iron/ironing board
- Free weekday newspaper
- Daily housekeeping
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cable TV service
- Private bathroom
- Free WiFi


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RallySport Guarantee - 30 Days
Items that are covered under the RallySport Guarantee offer a 30 day no questions asked return policy.
RallySport Guarantee items may be returned within 30 days of the original invoice date and must include all the original parts and contents for a refund.
The RallySport Guarantee does not apply to products that have been modified, damaged, misused or abused. All returns require an RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) Number, and freight charges are strictly non-refundable. For more information regarding our freight refund policy, please refer to our return policy page found HERE.
A downpipe combined with the performance tuning found in the AccessPORT is the first step to any enthusiast looking to unlock the potential of their engine, while still maintaining a stock look around their vehicle.
The Cobb Down pipe utilizes the stock style donut gasket which allows for the use of stock or tapered catbacks.
Because this product replaces/removes an OEM emissions control device we must state that this product is for offroad use only.
Great product
notreal09 2 years ago
Had no issues with installation, very simple. High quality product, good welds, and very clean. Made a big difference in overall power, that once tuned was very noticeable.
Cobb Down Pipe
kmr82d92060 2 years ago
It was a bit tricky putting it on, luckily I had some help. After I got it on, I didn't notice all that much performance that other reviews stated. I'm sure there is some. I do like rally sports products. This is not the first one I've bought or the last. Thank you RSD
Cobb Down Pipe
kmr82d92060 2 years ago
It was a bit tricky putting it on, luckily I had some help. After I got it on, I didn't notice all that much performance that other reviews stated. I'm sure there is some. I do like rally sports products. This is not the first one I've bought or the last. Thank you RSD
Not that great...
sblachh51198 2 years ago
Bought this on Jan 2014. DP was shipped quickly. Packaged well but when I installed it I noticed that the down pipe was a few inches short. I tried to bolt the down pipe to the SPT but I was left with an exhaust leak. The gap between the mid and end of the downpipe is long enough to bolt on the DP to the mid pipe but not enough to effectively seal the gap and mate them correctly. I thought it was an error in my install but I went under the car several times to try and fix the problem with no luck. Ended up spending more money to buy an exhaust extension but in all honesty it was my fault. My job keeps me busy as I own a medical device company so I wasnt able to contact RSD immediately for an exchange. if you get a lemon just return it immediately. looking to buy another DP but after my engine is built.
Excellent fit and quality
MAK15STI 2 years ago
No issues with fitment or craftsmanship. Thick flange to mount on the turbo side to prevent warping like the cheapbay downpipes. has extra bung for wideband, no complaints on this part. will need to modify or replace the turbo heatshield.
Q: Bolt up? Ozzy_gee153651 2 years agoAnswer
Will this bolt right up to the perrin y pipe?
A: Yes, but either using a stock downpipe to 3 catback adapter or a thick downpipe to catback gasket is recommended to create a proper seal.
Nick S. 2 years ago
A: Do you guys sell that gasket I need?
Ozzy_gee153651 2 years ago
Q: This dp with bigger turbo Spoolin255 2 years agoAnswer
Can the 2.5 taper on this downpipe act as a restriction for those of us running larger turbos and power goals closer to 400whp? Not sure if this downpipe will do or if I should look for a full 3 downpipe instead. My cbe is also a full 3.
A: There is a potential for restriction to a point, most users with a stock turbocharger running a stage 2 or similar setup will never encounter this to a noticeable effect but the higher the power goals the more apparent the bottle-neck may become.
Nick S. 2 years ago
Q: Fit with Perrin Catback Exhaust? sneekn 2 years agoAnswer
Right now I have the stock downpipe with the Perrin quad-tip resonated catback exhaust--will this downpipe mate up with my Perrin exhaust, or do I have to go with the Invidia downpipe? Thank you.
A: Yes, this will bolt right up to Perrin's Catback exhaust. Just make sure to the OEM Donut Gasket is reusable, or replaced.
Brady R. 2 years ago
Q: Invidia q300 and invidia dp jsantos1082 2 years agoAnswer
I currently have an invidia turboback with a Catless dp. I just bought this cobb catted dp to switch the catless out. What gasket will I need to connect the cobb dp to the invidia q300? Can I use the one that invidia supplied or no? Thanks in advance
A: The Cobb downpipe can use either an OEM donut gasket or a 3 inch gasket. The gasket that comes with the Invidia catback can be used for connecting to the Cobb downpipe.
Zach G. 2 years ago
Q: Special Notes? proflashrtist 2 years agoAnswer
why does it say w/manual transmission? Will it not fit on my 08 legacy gt limited if I have a 5EAT?
A: COBB Has a separate part number for the automatic transmission Legacy GT. That number is COB 524212 which we have available on our site.
Nick S. 2 years ago


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Green Street Pre-Primary children enjoy gala Easter Parade
- Written by Angela Emmanuel
- Be the first to comment!
Approximately 132 students of the Green Street pre-primary School participated in the School's Easter Parade. At the beginning the students went up to Briggs Alley then turned back and made their way up to the junction with Herbert Blaize Street before returning to the School compound. There, they modeled their outfits for their parents, teachers andthe media.


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the site.
This step is discretionary but will greatly enhance your chances of your profile being viewed by interested members. Write a little something about yourself, your hobbies and upload a nice photograph of yourself.
Use our website's cutting-edge search to locate members who satisfy your criteria. Or just browse through listings and locate singles that you find attractive.
Identified someone who tickles your fancy? Send them a few words or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to finding your soulmate.
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Sales Ended
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Digital Demos: Videoconferencing
Multiple Dates
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Event description
Videoconferencing can help your business cut costs and boost productivity.
Come and try out our new VC facility and find out how you can use it to deliver presentations, communicate with colleagues & customers, and collaborate globally.
Plus get a voucher for a free videoconferencing session!
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- Description
DetailsSince 1987, musicians all over the world have come to know the playing comfort and unique sound of the SR bass. This year's lineup includes a wide array of options sure to fit just about any style of music. With 3-band EQ and its Mid-Frequency Select switch, or the Style Sweeper 3-band EQ controls, the SR basses can produce any sound you require.
Jatoba/Bubinga Slim Neck
Coupling Jatoba with Bubinga has made the neck strong and stable despite its thinness.
Extended Neck Joint
The neck tongue not only creates a unique look, it also makes utilizing the higher frets easier.
Bartolini® MK1 Pickups
The MK1 pickups are split coil designs that provides a very wide frequency range and enhanced definition for maximum accuracy. The Neck and Bridge pickups have equal response, like traditional single coils, but without the hum and noise.
In addition to 3-band EQ, the SR is now equipped with a mid-frequency select switch, enabling you to instantly select 250Hz and 600Hz-the heart of the mid zone -for a more dynamic and ideal tone.
- Ibanez SR-500 Specs
- Neck type: 5pc SR4 Jatoba/Bubinga neck
- Body: Mahogany body
- Fret: Medium frets
- Bridge: Accu-Cast B20 bridge (19mm string spacing)
- Neck pu: Bartolini® MK1 neck pu
- Bridge pu: Bartolini® MK1 bridge pu
- Equaliser: EQB-IIIS 3-band eq
- String:: Elixir® strings
- Hardware color: Cosmo Black
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Colour No Category Musical Instrument Accessories Brand Ibanez Manufacturer Ibanez MPN SR500-BM EAN 4515110309401 Condition New Product Tags No
- Reviews


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21 acres of high and low land, with a great mixture of dense wooded area, including pines and hardwoods; also fields and a creek that borders one whole side. Great deer and turkey action for hunting, or a spot to build your dream home! Just a few lots away from Hartman Creek State Park and close to Waupaca and the Chain O??Lakes as well as Stevens Point, and an easy drive to the Fox Valley.
Features Land
|Lot Size:
|Approx Acres: 21.0
|School District: Waupaca
|High School: Waupaca High School
|Middle School: Waupaca Middle School
|Elementary School: Waupaca(WAUPACA,PORT,WAUSHARA)
|Taxes: $1,202
|Tax Year: 2014
|Body of Water:
|Lot Description:


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Coral mortality associated with thermal fluctuations in the Phoenix Islands, 2002–2005
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00338-011-0741-7
- Cite this article as:
- Obura, D. & Mangubhai, S. Coral Reefs (2011) 30: 607. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0741-7
- Citations
- 316 Downloads
The Phoenix Islands (Republic of Kiribati, 172–170°W and 2.5–5°S) experience intra- and inter-annual sea surface temperature variability of ≈2°C and have few local anthropogenic impacts. From July 2002, a thermal stress event occurred, which peaked at 21 Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) in January 2003 and persisted for 4 years. Such thermal stress was greater than any thermal event reported in the coral reef literature. Reef surveys were conducted in July 2000, June 2002, and May 2005, for six of the eight islands. Sampling was stratified by exposure (windward, leeward, and lagoon) and depth (5, 10, 15, and 25 m). The thermal stress event caused mass coral mortality, and coral cover declined by approximately 60% between 2002 and 2005. However, mortality varied among sites (12–100%) and among islands (42–79%) and varied in accordance with the presence of a lagoon, island size, and windward vs. leeward exposure. Leeward reefs experienced the highest and most consistent decline in coral cover. Island size and the presence of a lagoon showed positive correlations with coral mortality, most likely because of the longer water residence time enhancing heating. Windward reefs showed cooler conditions than leeward reefs. Recently dead corals were observed at depths >35 m on windward and >45 m on leeward reefs. Between-island variation in temperature had no effect on between-island variation in coral mortality. Mortality levels reported here were comparable to those reported for the most extreme thermal stress events of 9–10 DHW in other regions. These results highlight the high degree of acclimation and/or adaptation of the corals in the Phoenix Islands to their local temperature regime, and their consequent vulnerability to anomalous events. Moreover, the results suggest the need to adjust thermal stress calculations to reflect local temperature variation.


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Decision makers
- Purina pet food
Purina Pet Foods: Remove coal and petroleum based dyes from your pet food.
No pet owner would purposely feed their pets coal or oil, and dogs in my experience do not care what color their food is. There are all sorts of possible side effects linked to ingesting petroleum food dyes including but not limited to:
- Cancer
- Allergies
When I spoke with a Purina Representative I was told some people enjoy the bright colors of their pet's food! I suppose that is possible. Follow this link to learn more http://cspinet.org/new/pdf/food-dyes-rainbow-of-risks.pdf.
- Purina pet food
Please remove coal and petroleum based dyes from your pet food for the health and well-being of our animal friends.
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Need a PTH Test in Griffin, GA? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable PTH Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
What is a PTH Test?
A PTH Test is a lab test that measures the PTH level. People in Griffin, GA get a PTH Test for general screening or ongoing tracking.
How much does a PTH Test cost?
For current PTH Test prices in Griffin, GA, please CLICK HERE.
What does a PTH Test lab report look like?
For a PTH Test lab report, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer the PTH Test in Griffin, GA.
PTH Test in other cities near Griffin, GA:Barnesville | Brooks | Concord | Experiment | Fayetteville | Hampton | Locust Grove | Lovejoy | Mcdonough | Meansville | Milner | Orchard Hill | Sunny Side | Williamson | Zebulon


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An EPFL team is developing soft, flexible and reconfigurable robots. Air-actuated, they behave like human muscles and may be used in physical rehabilitation. They are made of low-cost materials and could easily be produced on a large scale.
Robots are usually expected to be rigid, fast and efficient. But researchers at EPFL's Reconfigurable Robotics Lab (RRL) have turned that notion on its head with their soft robots.
Soft robots, powered by muscle-like actuators, are designed to be used on the human body in order to help people move. They are made of elastomers, including silicon and rubber, and so they are inherently safe. They are controlled by changing the air pressure in specially designed 'soft balloons', which also serve as the robot's body. A predictive model that can be used to carefully control the mechanical behavior of the robots' various modules has just been published in Nature – Scientific Reports.
Potential applications for these robots include patient rehabilitation, handling fragile objects, biomimetic systems and home care. "Our robot designs focus largely on safety," said Jamie Paik, the director of the RRL. "There's very little risk of getting hurt if you're wearing an exoskeleton made up of soft materials, for example" she added.
A model for controlling the actuators
In their article, the researchers showed that their model could accurately predict how a series of modules – composed of compartments and sandwiched chambers – moves. The cucumber-shaped actuators can stretch up to around five or six times their normal length and bend in two directions, depending on the model.
"We conducted numerous simulations and developed a model for predicting how the actuators deform as a function of their shape, thickness and the materials they're made of," said Gunjan Agarwal, the article's lead author.
One of the variants consists of covering the actuator in a thick paper shell made by origami. This test showed that different materials could be used. "Elastomer structures are highly resilient but difficult to control. We need to be able to predict how, and in which direction, they deform. And because these soft robots are easy to produce but difficult to model, our step-by-step design tools are now available online for roboticists and students."
A rehabilitation belt
In addition to these simulations, other RRL researchers have developed soft robots for medical purposes. This work is described in Soft Robotics. One of their designs is a belt made of several inflatable components, which holds patients upright during rehabilitation exercises and guides their movements.
"We are working with physical therapists from the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) who are treating stroke victims," said Matthew Robertson, the researcher in charge of the project. "The belt is designed to support the patient's torso and restore some of the person's motor sensitivity."
The belt's soft actuators are made of pink rubber and transparent fishing line. The placement of the fishing line guides the modules' deformation very precisely when air is injected. "For now, the belt is hooked up to a system of external pumps. The next step will be to miniaturize this system and put it directly on the belt," said Robertson.
Adaptable and reconfigurable robots
Potential applications for soft actuators don't stop there. The researchers are also using them to develop adaptable robots that are capable of navigating around in cramped, hostile environments. And because they are completely soft, they should also be able to withstand squeezing and crushing.
"Using soft actuators, we can come up with robots of various shapes that can move around in diverse environments," said Paik. "They are made of inexpensive materials, and so they could easily be produced on a large scale. This will open new doors in the field of robotics."
Learn more: Soft robots that mimic human muscles
Duke University engineers and computer scientists develop a new computer processor specially designed for robotic motion planning
Once they've mastered the skills of toddlerhood, humans are pretty good at what roboticists call "motion planning" — reaching around obstacles to precisely pick up a soda in a crowded fridge, or slipping their hands around a screen to connect an unseen cable.
But for robots with multi-jointed arms, motion planning is a hard problem that requires time-consuming computation. Simply picking an object up in an environment that has not been pre-engineered for the robot may require several seconds of computation.
Duke University researchers have introduced a specially-designed computer processor for motion planning that can plan up to 10,000 times faster than existing approaches while consuming a small fraction of the power. The new processor is fast enough to plan and operate in real time, and power-efficient enough to be used in large-scale manufacturing environments with thousands of robots.
Robotics Fast Track foresees cost-effective development of new capabilities by engaging cutting-edge groups and individuals who traditionally have not worked with the federal government
The past 10 years have seen an explosion of robotics advances from small businesses and individuals, thanks in part to lower manufacturing costs and the global rise of community workshops such as makerspaces and hackerspaces, which serve as incubators for rapid, low-cost collaboration and innovation. Unfortunately, the small-scale robotics community has tended to fly under the radar of traditional federal agencies and commercial technology providers, which generally rely on multi-year, multi-million-dollar contracts for technology development. This disconnect means that the U.S. government is not benefiting from some of the most cutting-edge robotics developers in the nation.
DARPA's new Robotics Fast Track (RFT) effort seeks to help remedy this situation by enabling rapid, cost-effective development of new robotics capabilities designed to respond to, and even anticipate, quickly evolving warfighter needs. RFT will focus on the development of groundbreaking robotic hardware and software by funding clean-slate approaches as well as creative adaptations of existing resources. The goal is to achieve breakthrough capabilities in less time and at a fraction of the cost typical of government-supported robotic development processes by engaging highly agile organizations and individuals who traditionally have not worked with the U.S. government.


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This is a place on a Beginners Modern Calligraphy workshop.
Venue: various - please see individual class pages.
At the end of the 2.5-hour workshop you'll be well on your way to writing your chosen phrase or quote and developing your own modern calligraphy style.
The ticket includes a kit of materials to take away with you after class, and light refreshments.
- This is an e-gift voucher, so you will not receive anything by post.
- To send the E-Gift Voucher directly to the recipient, enter their email address at checkout, and the recipient will receive their gift instantly. Alternatively, if you would prefer to print and present to your loved one yourself at a later date then enter your own email address.
To redeem an E-Gift Voucher add the desired items to your bag and enter the code at checkout.
• Only redeemable online at quilllondon.com
• 9-month expiration date
- Tickets are non-refundable. This does not affect your statutory rights.
- Once you have redeemed your voucher, places are non-transferable and non-refundable. This does not affect your statutory rights.


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By CALEB SONNELAND
Seattle's unbeaten run spanned the month of June when the club downed the Revolution 2-1 thanks to goals from defender Tyson Wahl and DP Alvaro Fernandez at CenturyLink Field Sunday afternoon.
After initially falling behind, the Sounders fired back after defender Tyson Wahl curled a beautiful 34th minute free kick into the upper corner of Matt Reis's net, leaving the keeper stranded. Wahl had previously been a provider this season, notching two assists from corner kick duty.
It didn't take long before the hosts were in front through their DP in Fernandez. Mauro Rosales snuck a pass into Roger Levesque who craftily laid off to Fernandez. The Uruguayan powered a shot at Reis, who got a hand to it, but the Revs keeper couldn't keep the shot out of the net as the Sounder snagged his fourth goal of the season.
The visitors took an early lead through Sainey Nyassi after Benny Feilhaber fizzed a corner low for the midfielder fire into the net with a shot that Kasey Keller will be disappointed he couldn't stop. The third minute goal was the first of Nyassi's 2011 season and the assist the second of Feilhaber's. But the Revs couldn't muster up another goal as the game expired and condemned the club to a loss.
"I saw it so late, and I thought I had it. When I touched it was already past me, and I thought I had just done enough to get it onto the post. But it's a learning curve and that won't happen again," said Keller.
New England came close to equalizing early in the second half when Pat Phelan met a Feilhaber corner to force a smart save out of Keller in the 50th minute.
The Revs continued to knock on the door, and nine minutes later Danish striker Rajko Lekic put his shot narrowly wide of the Seattle goal by a matter of inches.
Though Seattle got forward several times and created chances, it was the Revs who looked likely on a handful of occasions to bring the game level. Namely, when substitute Zack Schilawski rattled the Seattle crossbar from 25 yards out with a dipping effort.
Rookie midfielder Servando Carrasco was designated the chore of filling in for Osvaldo Alonso in the holding midfield role with Lamar Neagle taking up a spot on the right side of midfield. Both players were acquired by the club (Neagle re-acquired) earlier in the year.
"Carrasco is a slightly different player than Alonso, and he plays the game in a different way. But you got a guy who's a rookie out there going up against a guy like Shalrie Joseph, who's one of the premier players in the league, so I would say he did well," said coach Sigi Schmid.
"I know what he does really well, and what he brings to the team, so I just wanted to come in and replicate that. I think I did that pretty well," said Carrasco. "It doesn't matter who you're playing against. [Joseph] is a tought competitor, but so am I and I thought it was a nice battle out there."
To add to the injury crisis in Seattle, defender Jeff Parke had to be replaced in first half proceedings after taking an early knock to the head. Patrick Ianni was called upon to fill in for the 29-year-old, having not seen action since Seattle's 2-1 win at Real Salt Lake.
It was, however, able to welcome back former-Rev Pat Noonan and threw him into action in the 70th minute, taking the place of goal-scorer Fernandez. His first appearance of the season could well be his last as his contract expires this week at the Sounders.
Mauro Rosales was at the heart of most good things going the Sounders' way, but unfortunately, received a good bit of attention in the physicality department. In a season where MLS officiating has been in the spotlight, Rosales declined to give his stance on the issue.
"I don't want to talk about the referee. Just they have to know that the way we are playing, we get kicked, but now it's all the time, all the time, all the time. He just needs to take care of my legs," said the player.
The result sees Seattle move level with FC Dallas on points and goal difference in the West, finishing up a tidy month with three wins and two draws. Next, the club will play host to the local rivals the Kitsap Pumas Tuesday night at Starfire Sports Complex.
"I thought we showed good character," said Schmid. "We knew that they were going to be more and more direct in the second half, more duels in the air. The win wasn't artistic, but we did what we needed to do."
Life isn't getting any easier for the Revolution, who looked strong in the opening and closing stages of the game but couldn't make any of its chances count. Next up is a tough match in Utah against Real Salt Lake. The Revs are miring in the East and are second to bottom ahead of Toronto FC.
3 wins in 8 days is how you climb up the standings. Sounders look to be jelling offensively and Rosales is the biggest reason why. Terrific pick up by the FO. He plays with passion, intellignece and creativity, and the rest of the team seems to be feeding off his leadership.
"intelligence" is the wrong word to spell incorrectly
I hope they find some money to reward him next year. He's playing too well to only be making $40k.
After all the hacks he's taken this year, let's hope he's willing to stay…
I really am starting to get increasingly worried of an injury to Rosales, he is really getting roughed up a lot. We are surviving currently but we desperately need to stop losing players to injury.
Rosales has been a fantastic acquisition. He's been exactly what we had all hoped Ljungberg was going to be.
Until the MLS gets serious about punishing the cheap defensive hacks (especially from the back), there is NO chance of the 'beautiful game'. That is the next step forward.
Fat soccer fans should be illegal.
carry on
It's perfectly OK to follow your attraction…
Live free
Tucked in Dunlap jerseys are a crime.
You are probably fat compared to me right now…..should you be banned ?
yes, but not because of your weight.


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Procedure of company registration
To begin incorporation of a Maltese company the following is required:
- Company Name
- Director/s full name, date of birth, address and nationality
- Shareholder/s full name and address
Documents you are required to provide:
- Proof of identity. Either passport, national identity card, photographic driving licence
- Proof of residential address. Gas/electricity bill or credit/debit card bank statement dated within the last 3 months
A Maltese company must have at least one director, they may be an individual or corporate body and do not need not be Maltese nationals.
Nominee Director:
In order to obtain a Maltese bank account the company requires a resident nominee director. Eltoma Corporate Services can provide this service. However, directors/shareholders residency is not important to establishing resident status for the purpose of the treaties.
A minimum of two shareholders are required who may be corporate or individual. The personal details of a Maltese company's registered shareholders are public information but, anonymity can be retained by the use of nominee shareholders.
The maximum number of shareholders for a private company is fifty. The minimum number of shareholders is normally two; however a single member company may also be registered under the Maltese Companies Act. A single member company is a private limited liability company, which qualifies as an exempt company and which is incorporated with one member.
Company Secretary:
A Maltese company must have a company secretary. It is the duty of the directors to take all reasonable steps to ensure that the company secretary is an individual who appears to them to have the requisite knowledge and experience to discharge the functions of company secretary. The law does not require that the company secretary be resident in Malta.
Registered Office:
Every Maltese company must maintain a registered office in Malta. Any changes to the company's registered office must be notified to the Registrar of Companies. Eltoma Corporate Services can provide this service.
Key amendments to the Singapore Companies Act
Significant changes to the commercial and company law in Singapore have come into effect. The changes to the Singapore Companies Act will hopefully make business entities more transparent as well as mitigating the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing.
Panama Law 52: Updated legislation for all legal entities
Last month the Government in Panama officially approved Law Number 52; legislation which creates the regulatory framework for the implementation regarding automatically exchanging tax information, in a further attempt to comply with global regulations for tax transparency, and to be fully in line with all supervisory and compliance matters.
Important 2016 reporting deadlines for BVI Financial Institutions
Officials from the British Virgin Islands have come together to clarify various filing deadlines as per the automatic exchange of information systems in a press release.
Thinking of relocating your business to Singapore? Let us help you!
Singapore has quickly become one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links and per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations in Western Europe, making it an ideal destination and potential location for Business Owners to relocate and start a new business and lifestyle.
How to register a branch in Cyprus
Overseas companies may register a branch in Cyprus, according to the Companies Law, Chapter 113, regulated by section 347. A branch will not essentially consider as being a new legal entity in Cyprus.
To Brexit or not to Brexit?
To Brexit or not to Brexit - this has been the question of the year for Britain and with the referendum taking place imminently, just two options remain: leave the EU or stay in. Why has this been such a difficult decision to decide upon?
Selecting a Management Information System
A management information system or MIS is used to assist in the analyses and formulation of business strategy, as well as facilitating operational objectives. Selection of an MIS can help increase understanding and control in an organisation and can be scaled to suit the complexity of most modern businesses. If the right MIS is selected and it is implemented correctly it can provide a competitive advantage for the organisations utilising it.
Windows 10 update: having issues with the installation?
By now you have probably about Windows 10, the latest operating system developed by Microsoft.


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Quality Suites
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It's been quite a while since I've written here, but nothing new. Just in the waiting stage. I did receive the camera and it's fantastic - latest model. I also read The Desire Map. I had an aha moment while reading it. While I've never been a materialistic person, 'things' are a part of all of our lives. The aha moment was that we shouldn't visualize things that we want, those things we think will make us happy, but rather the feelings those things will give ...
Camden Yards and Our Nephew Bob
... of baseball stadiums that were smaller (i.e. not designed to serve as both a football and baseball stadium), more intimate, located in the downtown area of the city, more local in flavor (in contrast to the nearly indistinguishable tract-style stadiums that had become popular in the decades before), and designed with a more charming, old-time feel that allowed spectacular views of prominent or beautiful features of the city. The new retro-themed stadiums included PNC ...
Chapter Three: Children
... needing years of reparative therapy. It was bad. But there I was, bright and early every morning with my cup of coffee and my stupid telephone headset, sporting the most hideous of phony eager grins, ready to perform the duties of an computer tech professional. But in honest actuality it was mostly just lounging around with my feet propped up on my desk, endlessly discussing The Mars Volta, Beck and Mindless Self Indulgence (music) with my one and only friend at ...
Chapter Two: Love
... will probably be the last person I go to see before I leave Maryland. She's definitely the most important. I drove home that night without listening to music, something I rarely do. Sitting in the relative silence of the inside of my car, I realized why I felt so good. The hate was gone. I can let go of the anger now.
I know that I lost Miranda because I couldn't distinguish between love and possession. But I also lost her because of ...
The Big Apple to Crab City
Today was a fairly easy day. Breakfast this morning was was a good start to the day: cereal, western omelette, seasoned fries, maple flavoured sliced sausage and muffin with coffee and juice. Check out and a subway ride to Penn had me on the Acela train on my way to Baltimore. Not a bad way to go: 120mph, comfortable seats, ...


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Observing school societyMature
Even though I said I didn't really care about the girl that Jacob mentioned , I actually did find it strange that I was thing about her. She had this odd feeling about her , I didn't like it one bit.
"Oi its dinner time you two!" A supervisor shouts at us as we pass a doorway to the dinning hall.
" Oh sorry." I mumble as we turn around.
" Hey what happened too Sean?" Jacob asks.
" I really don't care or know , think he disapeared when that girl you mentioned .......... walked by."
" Propably just using his charming powers to make a new friend." Jacob says.
"Probably." I agree but really think something strange was up. Even though the guy irratated with his endless amounts of questions, I just hoped nothing happened to the guy.
We find a spot in the hall waiting for the arrival of food. The hall goes quite , I look behind me and it this boy who I presume I've heard all of the girls talking about, the natural kid. I actually had next to no knowledge what that was , or actually cared, all I know is that their born every thousand years and have pairs. I also heard they lived forever too, but I wasn't sure. He walks down and sits to a large empty spot on our table only a few people above me and Jacob.
"I bet you a couple dollars that spots going to get swarmed." I say to Jacob
" I would take you up on your offer but i'm afraid I would lose." Jacob answers as girls begin to get up to change spots. They all ask if they can sit beside but they all get rejected. In this rather funny looking dram I see two more girls walk in the hall. They end up sitting beside Alec the rest of the girls look severly displeased and sit back in there own seats.
" Wow, observing school society here is rather petty. Mostly about popularity and the hottest looking girl or guy.It just petty , pointless , and all together overblown for what it really is." I critize just about every teenage in the world say for the unfortunate third world country childern.
" Well aren't you nice to your peers." Jacob says
" I just find this all petty and can't honestly wait to leave this hell hole." I say seeing our meals coming.
It was choice between chicken, ot a vegetarian meal. I grab the chicken and whatever come with that. I look at it not all that hungry. I eat the rice and the few pieces of brocoli. I stab the chicken with the fork.
" I'm going to head off for my roo.." A black cat named Clings it self to my shirt.
" Sean get the hell off!" I yell falling to the ground. He turns back into sean.
" We all need to leave right now!" He says anxiously , and unfortunetly the whole hall hears him. The girls that sat beside the Natural kid turn around.
" Why?"
" Thats a bloody good question." I grumble getting to my feet. Sean shakes nervously, and points at the girl from earlier.
" So?"
" B. Bad." He says then falls to the ground.
" What the hell , is going on here?" I say only to clueless.


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First one to bloom from the irises that came from
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Irish Chant X K-5: (Auroralita x Voyage).
Sutton 2004
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Above and Beyond Microcredit: Kiva Field Partners with a Social Mission
A key component of Kiva's efforts to connect people throughout the world is to partner with trustworthy and high-impact organizations. While there are many notable microfinance institutions, not all meet Kiva's standards of being a Kiva Field Partner.
Not Just MicrocreditKiva Field Partners go beyond providing sustainable microcredit services. In order to highlight their outstanding efforts to serve their community's needs, Kiva created the Social Performance Badges. Using the Social Performance Task Force's definition of "social performance," the badges highlight different aspects of social performance that each Field Partner is committed to addressing so that lenders can be better informed when making lending decisions.
Here's a list of a few of the Field Partners I've had the privilege of working with…
Simply put, the Social Performance Badges can be used to see in what ways your Kiva loans can help Field Partners impact the lives of borrowers beyond providing access to capital.
Social Impact or Profitability?After visiting a total of 33 Kiva borrowers all over Kenya and Colombia I witnessed the high costs and challenges of visiting, serving and communicating with borrowers. Yet, Field Partners' commitment to empowering the working poor drives them to manage added risk and costs. They value social impact and sustainability over profitability.
Kiva lenders' interest free capital further supports Kiva Field Partners' ability to assume more risk since they offer their valuable services to bottom of the pyramid micro-entrepreneurs.
Field Partners can work with borrowers that may have a higher risk of default, but stand to benefit significantly from business development services and not just the micro-credit Kiva credit can provide.
Some ExamplesAfter working with CampoAlto and Interactuar in Colombia for 3 months I have seen the poverty and inevitable inequalities found in developing countries. I have also seen the growth and glimpses of the exciting future Colombian micro-entrepreneurs and innovators are creating.
Interactuar is one agent of change that has been playing an important role in tackling 9.19% unemployment and the difficulties of overcoming internal displacement by growing microbusinesses through microfinance services. They know the needs of their low-income entrepreneurs go beyond access to capital. So they offer low-cost (and much needed) business development services .
These practical skills courses, food production certifications and marketing services are designed to help micro-entrepreneurs formalize and grow their businesses into sustainable income and employment streams. Because they focus their services on the bottom of the pyramid they assume a higher risk of default but a bigger potential for impact.
Higher Risk, Bigger Impact?Despite the higher costs and logistical difficulties in providing additional services to unsafe and/or remote communities, Interactuar is committed to addressing the most pressing needs of micro-entrepreneurs regardless of their location or additional risk. While Field Partners like Interactuar aren´t the only organizations committed to empowering the working poor, Kiva recognizes their outstanding efforts for social impact inspite of added risks and costs.
Generous and risk tolerant Kiva lenders help make this happen.
Give a loan, impact more than someone's cashflow....impact a life!


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Bangkok's Prinya Dental Clinic and Chatuchak Dental Center offers an extensive diversity of services. Specializing in orthodontics to cosmetic dentistry coupled with teeth whitening, teeth bleaching and veneers. The clinics main focus includes dental implants, bridge & crown work, and root canal (endodontic) treatment.About Prinya Dental Clinic & Chatuchak Dental Center
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The number of Arizonans using disability license plates and placards has grown by almost 70 percent in the past 12 years – more than double the rate of growth for passenger and commercial vehicle registrations.Read More »
As Millennials' driving preferences shift, transportation planners adapt
Millennials' preferences for getting around have facilitated the end of the "driving boom" and regional transportation planners will have to adjust to account for this new reality, according to a recent report.Read More »
South Mountain Freeway marches forward: $1.9B project's federal approval spurs variety of reactions
The Federal Highway Administration's approval of the South Mountain Freeway project last month elicited reactions of frustration, hope and even indifference by some of those affected by the $1.9 billion transportation project.Read More »
Lawmakers bow to feds on ID issue amid travel restrictions
Arizonans will still be able to board domestic airline flights without a passport come 2016 after Arizona lawmakers in the waning hours of the legislative session approved a measure allowing state transportation officials to issue federally approved identification cards known as REAL ID.Read More »
Time to stop stalling a national conversation about transportation
In Congress, members of both parties are trying to figure out how to fix the nation's transportation funding problem. What they need to remember, though, is that funding is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the problems with our transportation system.Read More »
Lawmakers work all night to pass budget
Arizona lawmakers pulled an all-nighter and worked well past sunrise Saturday morning to approve a $9.1 billion budget proposal after Republican leadership spent the day rounding up the votes to get it across the finish line.Read More »
Phoenix to vote on sales tax increase for transportation
Phoenix voters will be deciding whether to increase the city's sales tax to pay for a wide-ranging transportation plan approved by the City Council.Read More »
A tale of 2 freeways: Massive Valley freeway projects could boost economic development
Massive projects designed to improve the flow of traffic in the Phoenix metro area have the potential to boost economic development at opposite ends of the Valley.Read More »
The importance of Phoenix-Tucson rail passenger service
The Arizona Department of Transportation's Phoenix-Tucson Passenger Rail Study is entering its final phase. Starting with a list of 17 route segment alternatives, ADOT has narrowed the list to three.Read More »
Surprising many, use of public transportation is way up in Arizona
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Raspberry Puree Filling
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Comments (19)
Melysa, where can I purchase chambord? Is this similar to the fruit fillings you can purchase at cake decorating stores? Thanks.
Chambord is a liquor that you would buy at the package store.
I love this recipe. We have a raspberry bush so when I have an abundance of fresh raspberries, I make a big batch and freeze it in smaller portions. I mix it with buttercream for a delicious raspberry "mousse" filling. Thanks for a great recipe!
does anyone know how much filling this recipe yields? I am making a stacked lemon cake and need to fill one (1) 4-layer 6" square and one (1) 4-layer 9" square.
Do you have to use the chamboed as it is quite expensive?
Very good filling. I used it with white cake, and it was delicious. It was the perfect consistency for spreading on layers, and it was such a nice, tart compliment to the sweetness of the cake. Thanks for the great recipe.
I would love to try this. Can anyone recommend an alternative to the Chamord or can I just omit it? I will be making a cake for a ladies church luncheon and would like to avoid the alcohol issue :-) Thanks!
I have made this recipe and it was enough to fill a 6 inch cake. I have used amaretto with it also. This is a great recipe!
I doubled the sugar to make it just a bit sweeter and love it. It's still tart enough to offset the sweetness of the cake. It's nice and thick. I left out the chambord simply because I didn't have any and it's fine without. Be careful not to overcook, it can become too thick and a bit lumpy (it was still good though). It's definately one I come back to.
It was a little more sour for me, so next time I will defenately add more sugar next time.
This is my go to fruit filling recipe. I love it. Sometimes depending on who he cake is for I leave out the Chambord and substitute about 1 tsp of raspberry extract but I have done this with out the Chambord and extract and it taste just fine.
I need to make a wedding cake but would love to do this recipee along with a layer of vanilla butter cream on top of the rasberry would this stay all day
Just tried it today, it has not even cooled yet but I want to eat the whole bowl -- simple - delicious!
Thank you
I made this today for the first time.... Very easy and fantastic... I left out the Chambord and increased my sugar to 1/3c.... Perfect!
Just made this for a cake, and it was amazing! I increased the sugar like other people suggested (to 1/3 c) and I'm glad I did. It was sweet, but not too sweet, and just the right amount of raspberry tartness. I did not use Chambord, but it turned out just fine.
Thanks! This one is definitely for keeps!
This is a wonderful filling. Thank you! I do have one question, however. I left out the Chambord, and I was wondering if this would affect the length of time this filling could remain unrefrigerated.
Love this filling! I've been getting rave reviews! Thanks for sharing :)
My go to recipe! Sugar changed to 1/3 to make sweeter. I've used the same idea with strawberries as well with much success! I'm so glad I stumbled across this one. I've used as well as omitted the chambord - no major difference so don't worry. Yum!
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