text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1987
|Filing date
|Nov 5, 1985
|Priority date
|Nov 5, 1985
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Per K. Hansen
|Original Assignee
|Position Orientation Systems
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (84), Classifications (5), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to an improved directional microphone system. In the prior art, various microphone designs are known including those which have an omnidirectional beam pattern and those having a unidirectional (cardioid) beam pattern. Such well known microphones have been known to be used in voice recognition systems and public announcement (PA) systems utilizing some noise cancellation techniques. While several different noise cancellation techniques are known in the prior art, none of these techniques is believed to be closely related to the teachings of the present invention.
The following prior art is known to Applicant:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,674 to Mitchell, et al. discloses an ambient noise suppressor including four microphones. The microphones are set up so that each one is the same distance from the talker. Since the talker is at equal distance from all microphones, any sounds which emanate from a source which are not equidistant from all microphones are cancelled out by the circuitry of the system. This is different from the teachings of the present invention since firstly, in the present invention, the speaker is not required to be located at equal distance from each of the microphones. Additionally, the present invention utilizes directional microphones which are not believed to be taught or suggested by Mitchell, et al. Other differences exist, such as the failure of this prior art reference to consider separate frequency components as the present invention does. More importantly, the Mitchell, et al. system does not totally cancel the noise source but only improves the signal-to-noise ratio without the use of a microprocessor whereas the present invention utilizes a microprocessor to cancel the noise rather than merely improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,008,439 to Schroeder discloses a device for processing two noise contaminated substantially identical signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. As disclosed therein, the device includes a pair of input ports into which two noise contaminated substantially identical signals are inputted whereupon a cancellation technique is utilized to cancel noise. Again, the user of the system must be placed at equal distance from each of the microphones in order to produce substantially identical signals. Alternatively, the equal distance can also be adjusted by delay in one of the channels. The system uses weighting factors which continually change which is different from the teachings of the present invention. Further, many of the differences as set forth hereinabove regarding Mitchell, et al. are equally applicable here.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,155,041 to Burns, et al. discloses a system for reducing noise transients in identical electrical carrier signals. The signals are carried on separate channels and the device includes means for comparing the noise transients which occur in each channel and cause a carrier signal to be transmitted into the channel having the lowest noise transients. If the noise transient level exceeds a predetermined amount, the device further includes means for blanking out the excess noise. In the operation of this invention, a switching and a blanking step are sequentially employed. The present invention is believed to be distinct from the teachings of Burns, et al. because firstly , the Burns, et al. system does not use microphones nor does it pick up sound sources from a room. The system on the other hand is used for reproduction of already recorded sound signals which are fed into two separate channels whereupon further processing is made to eliminate extraneous noises such as, for example scratches in a record. Further, many of the differences cited with regard to the Mitchell, et al. invention are also equally applicable here. This discussion is also believed applicable to a further known U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,742 also to Burns, et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,655 to Suzuki discloses a system including two microphones which respectively receive signals and convey them to respective low pass filters whereupon a differential amplifier receives the filtered signals and then relays them to a further differential amplifier. The inventor claims to affect a compensation for the proximity effect. This system is distinct from the system of the present invention since in the present invention the user is restricted in the location of the microphones to be far enough away from the microphone so that in theory no proximity effect occurs. If desired, the present invention can also be operated so close to one of the microphones that a cancellation of the proximity effect must be made by a technique similar to the one described in this patent. Additionally, many of the differences set forth hereinabove regarding Mitchell, et al. are equally applicable herein.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,484 to Flanagan discloses a directional microphone system which arranges microphones so as to focus on a prescribed volume in a large room such as an auditorium. As disclosed, the system is designed to only accept signals which emanate from the prescribed volume and to reject any signals which are received from outside the prescribed volume. The system utilizes two microphone arrays wherein the first array is placed along a first wall and the second array is placed along a second wall or placed on the first wall spaced a predetermined distance from the first array. A separate position locator is employed which determines the position of the speaker. This invention is not ideal because due to phase interferences between the beam processed signals that occur if the microphone arrays are not equidistant from the talker location, resulting signals are not uniform in sensitivity for all points within the desired focal volume. The device further includes a signal adjuster which is adapted, to alter the phase characteristics of the signal applied thereto so that the terms Ba and Bb are equal. For the signal adjuster, a phase vocoder is used. The present invention is distinct from this system since the patented system uses a separate position locator whereas the present invention does not need to find the position of the speaker to effectively cancel out extraneous noises. Further, the patented system requires use of the microphone arrays including many microphones in each array whereas the present invention only uses two or three directional microphones. Additionally, the patented system uses dynamically controlled beams which result in dynamic changes in the received volume. Furthermore, the microprocessor is only used in the beam steering control and everything disclosed in this patent concerning the position locating, the dynamic beam steering (with lookup tables in memory), the microprocessor and the adjustment circuitry is unrelated to the teachings of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,066,842 to Allen discloses a system utilizing an arrangement for reducing the effects of room reverberating and noise pickup in which signals from a pair of omnidirectional microphones are manipulated to develop a single less reverberant signal. This is accomplished by partitioning each microphone signal into preselected frequency components, co-phasing corresponding frequency components, adding the co-phased frequency component signals and attenuating these co-phased frequency components signals that are poorly correlated between the microphones. This system is vastly different from the teachings of the present invention for many reasons including the fact that the patented system uses omnidirectional microphones whereas the present invention utilizes directional microphones, the patented system looks at frequency components but only adjusts for phase differences, and further, in light of the same differences from the present invention as were evident regarding the above described Mitchell, et al. patent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,760 to Coker discloses a system for determining the phase differences between the direct path signals of two microphones which system operatively aligns the two microphone signals to form a deverberated signal. Since this system only phase aligns the two microphone signals, it is believed to be of only general interest concerning the teachings of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,736,771 to R. L. Hanson, et al. discloses a distant-talking telephone system where a pair of microphones are disposed side by side and facing the speaker in their normal position. After any desired amount of amplification, the outputs of the two incoming signals from the two microphones are added together, averaged and then passed through any desired transmission apparatus to outgoing telephone lines. A difference output is also derived, the individual outputs being preferably clipped beforehand. The difference output is applied as a control signal to vary the gain in the summed output transmission path. This system is vastly different from the teachings of the present invention for many reasons, including the fact that the patented system only averages the two incoming signals and uses the difference between the two incoming signals to control the averaging. Further, the same differences between the present invention and the patent to Mitchell, et al. as described above, apply here.
Applicant is also aware of several non-patent publications which are also believed to be of only general interest concerning the teachings of the present invention. A first category includes those which teach the use of multiple sensors in order to enhance the immunity of speech input to acoustic background noise. A two sensor configuration involving an accelerometer and a gradient microphone is described. A second configuration using one microphone for low frequencies and a second microphone for high frequencies is also described. These sensors are placed within 5 cm of the user's mouth. The system is only to be used with speech input. The systems are vastly different from the present invention since they do not look at frequency components and do not use any area cancellation scheme. Thus, the following publications are believed to be of only general interest concerning the teachings of the present invention.
"Multisensor Speech Input for Enhanced Immunity to Acoustic Background Noise", by V. R. Viswanathan, et al. presented at the International Conferences on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, March 19-21, 1984, San Diego, Calif.;
"Noise-immune Speech Transduction Using Multiple Sensors", by V. R. Viswanathan, et al. presented at the International Conference of Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, March 26-29, 1985, Tampa, Fl.
Another catogory of publications includes those which teach specific details of directional microphones per se without disclosing details of systems using such directional microphones. Thus, a publication entitled "On the Use of Directional Microphones for Turbine Generator Sound Level Measurements," by A. P. Hribar, et al. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Volume PAS-98, #3, May/June, 1979, and publication entitled "The Quest for Directional Microphones at RCA," by H. F. Olson, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 28, No. 11, Nov. 1980 and "Conference Microphone with Adjustable Directivity," by J. L. Flanagan, et al., Journal of Acoustical Society of America Volume 77, No 3, May 1985, are believed to be of only general interest concerning the present invention.
Another group of publications are those which disclose systems including circuitry for noise cancellation which systems utilize only one microphone. These systems are characterized by the use of predictive means for cancelling noise rather than means for measuring actual noise. Thus, the following publications are believed to be of only general interest concerning the teachings of the present invention:
"Adaptive Digital Techniques for Audio Noise Cancellation" by James E. Paul, IEEE Circuits and System Magazine, Volume CAS-1, No. 4, 1979;
"Frequency Domain Adaptive Noise Cancellation in Speech Signal" by Juan Carlos Ogue, et al. Technology Reports, Tohocu University, Volume 48, No. 2, 1983;
"Adaptive Noise Cancellation for a Class of Non-linear, Dynamic Reference Channels" by John C. Stapleton, et al., IEEE. Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Volume CAS-32, No. 2 Feb. 1985.
A further class of publications, one of which is known to Applicant, discloses a system for suppression of acoustic noise in speech utilizing two microphones wherein one of the microphones is exposed to the signal and noise whereas the other microphone is exposed only to noise, and noise compensation is thereby accomplished. The following publication, which is accordingly believed to be of only general interest regarding the teachings of the present invention, is known to Applicant:
"Suppression of Acoustic Noise in Speech Using Two Microphones Adaptive Noise Cancellation" by Steven F. Boll, et al., IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Volume ASSP-28, No. 6, December, 1980.
Thus, a need has developed for an improved directional microphone system which may utilize two or three specially designed directional microphones and which further includes circuitry specifically designed to cancel noise within a predetermined work area by actually measuring the noise and eliminating it. From this perspective, the present invention was developed.
The present invention was developed so as to overcome the deficiencies evident in prior art devices as described hereinabove and in fact provides an integrated improved directional microphone system which measures actual noise and processes sounds captured by a plurality of directional microphones located within a predetermined space, analyzes these sounds as captured and processes the sounds so as to effectively eliminate all extraneous noises either within the predetermined area or outside this area. The present invention includes the following structure, aspects and features:
(a) In a first aspect of the present invention, two or three directional microphones are used and are carefully placed within a predetermined area.
(b) The microphones are placed in such a manner that the areas from which they may receive sound due to the directional nature thereof overlap so as to create the predetermined work area described above. The specific description of the preferred embodiments will describe several options for microphone placement for different results and effects.
(c) The system also includes circuitry for cancelling static noise. This is accomplished by measuring the received signal level immediately after the system is turned on which signal is indicative of static noise in the system. If the signal level is changing less than a predetermined level for a predetermined time, this level is then indicative of the static noise in the system. This is a quite effective system of static noise cancellation since it uses measurements from at least two microphones to set the static noise level.
(d) The microphones are connected to an electrical circuit which processes the soundwaves received thereby through the use of frequency components. This is accomplished by making a fast Fourier transform of each of the electrical signals received from the microphones.
(e) The system is also designed to cancel dynamic noise by measuring the incoming signals in a frequency range outside the audible frequency range through the use of filter manipulation after a fast Fourier transformation. In this way, the average of the amplitude level of the signal in this frequency range is then found and used to estimate the amplitude level of the frequency components of the noise sources in the audible frequency range. Since at least two microphones are utilized in this dynamic noise cancellation technique, it is an effective means for dynamic noise cancellation.
(f) In one aspect of the present invention, the circuitry is designed so as to cancel out noise or sound coming from the area outside the work area. In this aspect, signal levels are compared for each frequency and the frequencies which are not present in both signals are cancelled from both signals. Then the most common amplitude difference between the two signals is used to compensate the signals from phase shifts resulting from the user being placed at unequal distance from the microphones.
(g) The system also utilizes a dynamic gain control in order to adjust the gain so that the signal will be in a preset amplitude range to thereby enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. This is only done when the improvements described above have already been done.
Accordingly, it is a first object of the present invention to provide an improved directional microphone system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a system wherein two or three microphones are set up with their beam patterns intersecting so as to prescribe a specific predetermined work area.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such a system wherein unwanted noise is actually measured rather than estimated or simulated and such unwanted noise is effectively cancelled from within or without the predetermined work area.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such a system wherein the user thereof may move around freely in the work area while the system works to eliminate unwanted noises wherever the user is within the work area.
These and other objects, aspects and features of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the appended drawing figures.
FIG. 1 shows a horizontal schematic view of two directional microphones for use in the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a first horizontal microphone placement scheme.
FIG. 3 shows a second horizontal microphone placement scheme.
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show three embodiments of vertical microphone placement schemes.
FIG. 7 shows a microphone placement scheme wherein three microphones are used.
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing three microphones.
FIGS. 9a-9c show flow charts of the procedure for operating the system of FIG. 8, when only utilizing two microphones.
FIGS. 10a-10d show graphs of voltage versus time to explain the aspect of the present invention involving cancelation of static noise.
FIGS. 11a and 11b show graphs of voltage versus frequency for an incoming signal and an adjusted signal arrived at through the use of an aspect of the present invention involving dynamic noise cancellation.
FIGS. 12a-12d show graphs of amplitude versus frequency to show the use of the area frequency cancellation scheme.
FIGS. 13a-13c show respective graphs of amplitude versus frequency of the difference between the two signals from FIG. 12. It further shows the two modified signals as arrived at through the use of the amplitude difference of the frequency components cancellation scheme.
With reference to FIG. 1, an example of two microphones schematically aligned to form overlapping beam patterns is shown. The microphones 11 and 13, which are directional microphones, have beam patterns defined by respective lines A and B extending perpendicularly to the respective longitudinal axis x and y thereof. This gives microphone 11 an effective 3 dB beamwidth of θ and microphone 13 and effective 3 dB beamwidth of φ.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show different configurations of microphone placement in the horizontal plane. FIG. 2 shows the microphones A and B placed immediately adjacent to the operating computer 27. When so placed, a work area 29 related to the overlap of the beam patterns of the microphones A and B is created. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=90 degrees and microphone B has a 3 dB beamwidth of φ=90 degrees. In FIG. 3, the microphones A and B are placed some distance away from the computer 27, thereby resulting in a differently shaped work area 31 caused by the overlap between the beam patterns of the microphones A and B. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=60 degrees and microphone B has a 3 dB beamwidth of φ=60 degrees.
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show different arrangements for placement of microphones in the vertical direction. Thus, FIG. 4 shows the computer 27 having a pedestal 33 extending upwardly therefrom on which are mounted the microphones A, B. Such placement results in the work area 35 being created with respect to the user. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=70 degrees and microphone B has a 3 dB beamwidth of φ=70 degrees.
FIG. 5 shows the computer 27 having the microphones A, B mounted directly on the top thereof without the use of a pedestal. This results in the creation of a work area 37 in the vertical direction which merely surrounds the head of the user. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=20 degrees and microphone B has a 3 dB beamwidth of φ=20 degrees.
FIG. 6 shows the computer 27 with its keyboard 28 and the microphone A, B mounted in front of the keyboard 28 and below the head of the user. The beam patterns of the microphones A, B are so designed that they extend upwardly and intersect the head of the user as shown in FIG. 6. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=20 degrees and microphone B and a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=20 degrees.
One embodiment of the present invention contemplates the use of three microphones. Thus, as shown in FIG. 7, the computer 27 is provided and a first microphone A is mounted behind the keyboard 28, the second microphone B is mounted in front of the keyboard 28, and the third microphone C is mounted behind the user on the chair 30. The placement of the three microphones A, B and C and their beam patterns causes the work area 34 to be created which, as should be evident, completely surrounds the head of the user. Microphone A has a 3 dB beamwidth of θ=20 degrees, microphone B has a 3 dB beamwidth of φ=20 degrees, and microphone C has a 3 dB beamwidth of ψ=90 degrees.
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the present invention as embodied in a system having three microphones A, B and C. As seen in FIG. 8, the microphone A senses sounds which are fed to the preamplifier 41 while the preamplifier 43 received signals from the microphone B and preamplifier 44 receives signals from the microphone C. Signals are fed from the preamplifiers 41, 43 and 44 via variable amplifiers 91, 92 and 93 to a multiplexer 45, then to an analog-to-digital converter 47 whereupon the signals are fed through a microcomputer 49 which is preprogrammed to perform all the appropriate calculations and to modify the signals received thereby in a manner to be discussed in greater detail hereinafter. Thereafter, the modified signals are fed to a digital-to-analog converter 51, thence to an amplifier 53 and thereafter to a speaker or speakers 55.
The microcomputer 49, A/D converter 47 and multiplexer 45 can be a one-chip microcomputer such as the model 7811 made by NEC.
The block diagram shown in FIG. 8 is used if the system is to be used in a public announcement system (PA) or in a voice recognition system where speech synthesis output is wanted. If the system is only to be used for voice recognition purposes, the D/A converter 51, the amplifier 53 and the speaker 55 are not used.
FIG. 9 shows the flowchart of the software routines, which is used to operate and control the electrical circuit in FIG. 8, when only two microphones A and B are used. The same processing which is done for the two signals from microphone A and B must also be done for the signal from microphone C. The averages in the processing scheme must, of course, also include the signal from microphone C. The flowchart includes five elements: (1) static noise cancellation which will be explained in conjunction with the graphs in FIG. 10; (2) dynamic noise cancellation which will be explained in conjunction with the graphs in FIG. 11; (3) area frequency component cancellation, which will be explained in conjunction with the graphs in FIG. 12; (4) phase adjustment after frequency component amplitude difference which will be explained in conjunction with the graphs in FIG. 13; and (5) dynamic gain control, which will be explained in conjunction with the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 8.
With reference to FIG. 10, in a further aspect of the present invention, the microcomputer 49 is preprogrammed so as to enable the cancellation of extraneous static noise. As should be evident with reference to FIG. 10, the system measures the received signal immediately after the system is turned on and sets this to a zero level. The system will only react if the received signal level is increased more than a preset level and then shifts back to level zero before a present maximum time. If the signal does not follow this pattern, then the system simply resets the static noise level. which will then be level zero, and the new reference level. Since this operation is conducted by taking sound measurements from at least two microphones to set the static noise level, the present invention is much more effective at cancelling static noise than those systems known in the prior art which usually only measure the signal received by one microphone. FIG. 10a shows a first incoming signal from microphone A, S1 (t) and FIG. 10b shows the adjusted signal Ss1 (t). FIG. 10c shows a second incoming signal from microphone A, S'1 (t) and the modified signal S'sl (t). A similar modification must, of course, also be done to the incoming signal from microphone B, and the modified signals are Ss1 (t) and Ss2 (t).
The Fourier transform serves as a bridge between the time domain and the frequency domain. It is possible to go back and forth between waveform and spectrum with enough speed and economy. The fast Fourier transform has revolutionized the digital processing of wave forms.
The Fourier transform for continuous signals can be written as: ##EQU1##
This transformation goes from the time domain S(t) to the frequency domain S(f). In order to go back from the frequency domain in the time domain the inverse Fourier transform is used. ##EQU2##
Since the signals are to be analyzed on a digital computer, the analogous discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used. The discrete Fourier transform is ##EQU3## and the inverse discrete Fourier transform is ##EQU4## for f=0, 1, . . . , N-1 and t=0, 1 . . . , N-1.
The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is simply an efficient method for computing the discrete Fourier transform.
When a digital filter is specified in the frequency domain, this is equivalent to multiplying the Fourier coefficients by a window function. This multiplication in the frequency domain is equivalent to performing a convolution in the time domain. Since all the manipulations in this application are made in the frequency domain, low pass and high pass filtering are done by simple window function multiplications of the Fourier coefficients.
The fast Fourier transformation is done here in the software in the microcomputer. It would, however, also be done by a dedicated chip like the model 2920 made by the Intel Corporation or the model TMS 32020 made by Texas Instruments.
With reference now to FIGS. 11a and llb, the dynamic noise cancellation scheme is explained: Figure lla shows a graph of voltage versus frequency for an incoming signal and figure llb shows a graph of voltage versus frequency for the same signal as adjusted through the use of a dynamic noise cancellation scheme in accordance with the present invention. The amplitude level of the signal in the frequency range outside the audible spectrum is found and used to adjust the amplitude level of the frequency components in the audible frequency range. The graphs show the signals for microphone A. The cancellation for microphone B is similar. The modified signals are SD1 (f) and SD2 (f). Since the present invention utilizes measurement from at least two microphones to find the signal level outside the audible frequency range, the dynamic noise cancellation achieved by the present invention is superior to that which is known in the prior art.
In carrying out the area cancellation technique, the microcomputer 49 is preprogrammed so that signal levels are compared for each frequency received thereby and the frequencies which are not present in both signals are cancelled from both signals. The graphs of FIG. 12 explain the results obtained when frequencies not present in both signals are cancelled from both signals. FIG. 12a and 12b show the two signals modified as described above. FIG. 12c and 12d show the two modified signals SA1 (f) and SA2 (f).
FIG. 13 shows examples of incoming and modified signals with the modifications resulting from adjustment of the incoming signals by the most common amplitude difference for each of the frequency components of the two signals. The results explained in FIG. 13 are obtained by programming the microcomputer 49 so as to carry out the amplitude difference sorting scheme explained with reference to FIG. 9. Figure 13a shows the difference between the two signals modified as described above. FIGS. 13b and 13c show the two modified signals Sp1 (f) and Sp2 (f).
The present invention also involves the programming of the microcomputer 49 so as to perform a technique known as "dynamic gain control". In this regard, reference is made to FIG. 9 which is a flow chart explaining the operation of this scheme. In the operation, the microcomputer looks at the signals coming out after the noise cancellation technique and the area cancellation techniques have been completed. Then, the gain is further adjusted so that the signal will be in a predetermined amplitude range to thereby enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The computer 49 directly controls the gain in the variable amplifiers 91 and 92 in FIG. 8.
Accordingly, the present invention has been disclosed in terms of various embodiments and modifications thereof in a manner fulfilling each and every one of the objects of the invention as set forth hereinabove. It must be understood that various changes, modifications, and alterations in the teachings of the present invention may be contemplated by those skilled in the art without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention only be limited by the terms of the following claims.
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|Systems and methods for noise cancellation and power management in a wireless headset
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|Dec 17, 2013
|Bose Corporation
|Hearing assistance apparatus
|Jun 21, 2007
|Jul 1, 2014
|Bose Corporation
|Sound discrimination method and apparatus
|Feb 17, 2011
|Nov 25, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Microphone array subset selection for robust noise reduction
|Mar 14, 2012
|Jun 23, 2015
|Light-based detection for acoustic applications
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|Jul 7, 2015
|Bose Corporation
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|Microphone array with rear venting
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|Nov 24, 2015
|Voice activity detector (VAD)—based multiple-microphone acoustic noise suppression
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|Maziar Amiri
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|Jun 6, 2002
|Arrowood Jon A.
|Noise suppression in beam-steered microphone array
|May 30, 2002
|Dec 26, 2002
|Burnett Gregory C.
|Detecting voiced and unvoiced speech using both acoustic and nonacoustic sensors
|Nov 22, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Tadashi Amada
|Sound signal process method, sound signal processing apparatus and speech recognizer
|Jan 22, 2003
|Aug 7, 2003
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Characterizing, synthesizing, and/or canceling out acoustic signals from sound sources
|Mar 6, 2003
|Sep 11, 2003
|Ryan Jim G.
|Low-noise directional microphone system
|Aug 13, 2001
|Dec 23, 2004
|Ming Zhang
|Post-processing scheme for adaptive directional microphone system with noise/interference suppression
|Jul 26, 2002
|Apr 7, 2005
|Dashen Fan
|Cardioid beam with a desired null based acoustic devices, systems and methods
|Aug 4, 2006
|Feb 8, 2007
|Jones Lawrence P
|Remote audio surveillance for detection & analysis of wildlife sounds
|May 25, 2007
|Oct 4, 2007
|Burnett Gregory C
|Detecting voiced and unvoiced speech using both acoustic and nonacoustic sensors
|Jul 25, 2007
|Nov 15, 2007
|Mitel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for locating a talker
|Jun 21, 2007
|Dec 25, 2008
|Short William R
|Sound discrimination method and apparatus
|Apr 22, 2008
|Oct 22, 2009
|Short William R
|Hearing assistance apparatus
|Jun 25, 2008
|Dec 31, 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Selecting an audio device for use
|Aug 1, 2007
|Jan 7, 2010
|Yamaha Coporation
|Voice conference system
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|Apple Inc.
|Systems and methods for accelerometer usage in a wireless headset
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|Jan 28, 2010
|Apple Inc.
|Systems and methods for noise cancellation and power management in a wireless headset
|Feb 17, 2011
|Mar 1, 2012
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Microphone array subset selection for robust noise reduction
|Jul 26, 2002
|May 25, 2011
|Acoustic devices, system and method for cardioid beam with desired null
|Aug 18, 1989
|Feb 28, 1990
|France Telecom
|Apparatus for picking up sound signals with noise cancellation
|Aug 24, 1990
|Feb 27, 1991
|Sony Corporation
|Virtual microphone apparatus and method
|Aug 24, 1990
|Apr 1, 1992
|Sony Corporation
|Virtual microphone apparatus and method
|Feb 11, 1993
|Aug 25, 1993
|Alcatel Mobile Communication France
|Noise reduction method in a speech signal
|Feb 28, 1994
|Sep 14, 1994
|Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for noise reduction in disturbed voice drannels
|Feb 28, 1994
|Aug 23, 1995
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Method for noise reduction in disturbed voice drannels.
|Jul 12, 1995
|Jan 17, 1996
|France Telecom
|Selective sound pick-up device for reflecting and noisy environment
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|Mar 19, 2003
|Resound Corporation
|Fft-based technique for adaptive directionality of dual microphones
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|Mar 25, 2009
|Resound Corp
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|Feb 27, 2003
|Nanyang Technological University, Centre For Signal Processing
|Post-processing scheme for adaptive directional microphone system with noise/interference suppression
|U.S. Classification
|381/92, 381/94.2
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 31, 1986
Owner name: POSITION ORIENTATION SYSTEMS, 149 CHERRY STREET, B
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HANSEN, PER K.;REEL/FRAME:004649/0087
Effective date: 19851018
Owner name: POSITION ORIENTATION SYSTEMS, A CORP OF VT.,VERMON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HANSEN, PER K.;REEL/FRAME:004649/0087
Effective date: 19851018
|Aug 27, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 1, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 13, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 21, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 1, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990324


text:
Mobile App
United Institute of Designing & Mass Communication
Uttar Pradesh
Total Students
Fees Range
How to reach
United Institute of Designing & Mass Communication is situated at 7/144, "Ram Villa" Swaroop Nagar Kanpur-208002 in Kanpur.
Courses Offered
- 3 Years
- Bachelor of Science-B.Sc.
- Engineering
- 3 Years
- Bachelor of Science-B.Sc.
- Design
- 2 Years
- M.Sc.
- Engineering
- 2 Years
- Post Graduate Diploma
- Engineering
- 2 Years
- Post Graduate Diploma
- Languages / Arts / Literature
- 3 Years
- Diploma
- Engineering
- 3 Years
- Diploma
- Design
United Institute of Designing & Mass Communication - UIDMC
United Institute of Designing (UID) was set up in 1995 under the aegis of United Education Society. It has emerged as a premier institute of Designing in Uttar Pradesh, which develops professionals (Women) by educating them in multi-dimensional design disciplines of the life to maintain social status. UID is approved by All India Council for Technical Education, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, New Delhi and Affiliated to State Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh.On receiving overwhelming response from UID, Azad Nagar, the Society opened its branch at Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur in the year 2001. After successfully running Diploma courses of its own for 6 years and inspired by the growing demand for University Approved Courses, the branch of the Institute was got approved as the Learning Centre of Punjab Technical University, Jallandhar in the year 2007 under the Distance Education Program and the Institute was rechristened as "United Institute of Designing & Mass Communication" (UIDMC).The modern teaching methodology assists the students in getting an all around view of engineering, technology and the entrepreneur world. The diligent faculty team of the college possesses hands-on experience and up to date knowledge of their subject and area of expertise. The infrastructure and facilities of United Institute of Designing consists of spread-out campus alongside various amenities in the form of library, computer center, classrooms with proper teaching and learning aids, medical facilities etc. The institute seeks to place each of its students in an organization/company of great repute.
Why join United Institute of Designing Swaroop Nagar Kanpur
Computers, Laboratory, Playground For Indoor & Outdoor Games, Phone, Library.
7 Type Courses Available
- 2 UG Courses
- 3 PG Courses
- 2 Diploma Courses
United Institute of Designing & Mass Communication Placements
Visiting Companies
Student Placement
At United Institute of Designing the students are endowed with all convenient amenities that make their life 'go easy' in college hours, alongside make learning more interesting. Some of the facilities include well ventilated classrooms, recreational areas, indoor and outdoor games, stocked library, seamless internet/wifi connectivity, medical facilities etc.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Author has written 1 story for Spyro the Dragon.
If you think Writer's Block sucks, copy and paste this into your profile.
Name: Cirion
Race: Fox
Description: A lightly built, black furred Fox.
Weapons choice: A long-bow and throwing knives with a short sword as backup.
First Appearance: Book 1, Prologue.
Magic Abilities: Teleporting, Telepathy
Bio: Former citizen of the fox capital, unexpected events conspired to bring Cirion to Warfang for reasons he is, as yet, unaware of.
Name: Fortis, Queen
Race: Gryphon
Description:Brown feathers with white stripes running down her arms, legs and wings.
Weapons Choice:?
First Appearance: Book 1, Chapter 4
Magic Abilities: ?
Name: Griggs
Race: Fox
Description: Small, slight build with white fur and a single brown stripe running down his back.
Weapons Choice:???
First appearance:Book 1, chapter 8
Magic Abilities: Mind manipulation
Name: Thillion
Race: Fox
Weapons Choice:???
First appearance: Book 1, chapter 8
Magic Abilities:???
Name: Renard (Ren)
Race: Fox
Description: Tall, heavy build with white fur and a grey stripe on his back.
Weapons Choice:???
First appearance: Book 1, chapter 8
Magic Abilities:???
Name: ???
Race: Fox
Description: Average height, slight build with black fur and green markings that appear when he uses magic
Weapons Choice:???
First appearance: Book 1, Act 1, chapter 8
Magic Abilities: Fire, thunder & earth elements.
Bio: All that is know about this fox is that you can't lock him up because, if he hasn't already stolen the key, he most likely made the lock.
Name: Sapphire??
Race: Dragon
Description: Light blue scales with black chest and paws but no horns.
Weapons Choice:
First appearance: Book I, Act 2, Chapter 5
Magic Abilities: Shadow


text:
The mission of Foundation for a College Education is to increase the number of students of color from East Palo Alto and similar communities who graduate with a degree from a four-year college or university. FCE accomplishes its mission by providing free, comprehensive college access and retention services to its students and their families.
East Palo Alto and surrounding communities
Dr. Anna Waring
college,foundation,education,high school,students,college retention, college completion, non-profit,east palo alto,california, STEAM
Physical Address
2160 Euclid Ave
East Palo Alto, CA 94303
See more addresses
Main Address
2160 Euclid Ave
East Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
Physical Address
2160 Euclid Ave
East Palo Alto, CA 94303
Student Services and Organizations (B80)
Other Youth Development N.E.C. (O99)
IRS Filing Requirement
This organization is required to file an IRS Form 990 or 990-EZ.
How does this organization make a difference?
Self-reported by organization
FCE's college access and retention programs are highly successful.
Students who complete the FCE College Bound Program are admitted to a four-year post-secondary institution in significantly greater numbers than students who do not participate in a comprehensive after-school college access program.
Our college graduation rate is nearly double the national average and almost four times the graduation rate for African-American and Latino college students.
Of the 122 students who have graduated from FCE's high school program since 1999, 100 percent have enrolled in or are about to enroll in a college or university.
Eighty-three percent of enrolled FCE students have either graduated from college or are on track to graduate.
Fifty-three FCE alumni have received their bachelors' degrees.
Nine of these graduates have completed advanced degrees.
Four others are enrolled in graduate programs.
One is employed at FCE.
One serves on the FCE Board of Directors.
Two others serve as college coaches for FCE's students.
One is the Vice Mayor of East Palo Alto and the youngest person and first Latina ever elected to the City Council.
At FCE, we help our students envision success and a better life for themselves and their families, and we give them the tools to get there. In addition, we help them understand the role that they can play in improving the social conditions for other low-income people of color. The work we do with our students and parents positively affects extended families, friends, and the larger community as well. Our college graduates are serving as teachers, health workers, social workers, and community leaders.
In 2007, the Lumina Foundation recognized FCE as a model college access program. Last month, FCE made the short list of finalists for a case study project on "The Role of College Access Programs in College Completion."
Self-reported by organization
What are the organization's current programs, how do they measure success, and who do the programs serve?
Program 1
FCE College Bound
Through the College Bound Program, FCE provides academic and college planning support to students in grades 9-12 and their families. We believe that by encouraging students to raise their expectations and performance beyond standard grade-level requirements to college preparatory, honors, and advanced placement levels, they will in turn set higher goals for themselves. Our objective is to help the entire family better navigate the admissions system and take advantage of the resources offered at their schools. We offer our students and families the following services:
Academic enrichment and support through one-on-one and group tutoring (includes academic advising, course selection advising and study skills enhancement)
College planning and counseling (includes college admissions planning and support, college application instruction and support and PSAT/SAT preparation)
Local and national college tours
Mentoring and college coaching
Financial aid and scholarship guidance/instruction
Parent/guardian development and support
Leadership development
Career exploration
Program long term success
One hundred percent of our College Bound students have been admitted to at least one college or university. More importantly, over 85% of all of our students who have enrolled in college have graduated or are on the path to college graduation within five years.
Program success monitored by
FCE College Bound success is measured by high school completion and college admission rates.
Program success examples
Graduates from the FCE College Bound Program continue to provide mentorship and support to younger generations of students, even after finishing high school and college.
Afterschool Enrichment
Population(s) Served
Youth/Adolescents only (14 - 19 years)
Ethnic/Racial Minorities -- General
Poor/Economically Disadvantaged, Indigent, General
Program 2
FCE College Success
Once FCE students enroll in college, FCE continues to provide advising and support to ensure that FCE students graduate from college within five years. Unlike many college access programs, we measure our success against college completion rates, not simply college enrollment. We have developed a comprehensive college retention program to support and guide FCE students to ensure that they obtain a bachelor's degree. The services offered include:
College transition and orientation support
Academic and personal counseling
Financial aid and scholarship guidance/instruction
Parent/guardian development and support
Transfer admission advising
Career counseling
Leadership development
Program long term success
The goal of FCE College Success is to ensure that at least 85% of our students complete a bachelors degree within five years or less.
Program success monitored by
The success of FCE College Success is monitored by FCE staff, students, families, and board members.
Program success examples
An example of the success of FCE College Success is that 89% of FCE college students complete their bachelors degree in 5 years or less, and 62% graduate within 4 years. This is more than double the average college completion rate for students of color.
Postsecondary Education
Population(s) Served
Young Adults (20-25 years) -- currently not in use
Ethnic/Racial Minorities -- General
Poor/Economically Disadvantaged, Indigent, General
Program 3
FCE College Scholarship
A student whose family is in the highest income bracket is 5 times more likely to receive a bachelor's degree by age 24 than a student from the lowest income bracket. Additionally, institutional budget cuts have limited the resources available for financial aid and many schools are unable to meet the demonstrated financial need of low income students. Studies have shown that college students with high financial need must undertake extraordinary efforts to compensate, including living off-campus, working long hours while in school, and incurring considerable debt. All these measures can detract from the college experience and threaten degree completion.
FCE has developed a college scholarship program to address these financial aid issues for our students. FCE scholarships serve as sustainability grants for our college students and hence, play a key role in retention. FCE awards:
6-8 scholarships annually ranging from $2,500 to $5,000 each.
Financial support to cover additional expenses such as books, fees, travel, etc.
Thanks to the generous support of the College Access Foundation of California, FCE high school graduates are eligible for scholarships of up to $5,000 each year for four years.
While the FCE Scholarship program is available to FCE students, there are many other college scholarship resources available. FCE staff provide guidance to students and their families to help plan for the financial costs of attending college.
Program long term success
The goal of FCE College Scholarship is to make sure no student has to leave college because of financial hardship.
Program success monitored by
The success of FCE College Scholarship is monitered by FCE staff and the Board of Directors.
Program success examples
Examples of success of FCE College Scholarship are the countless students who have been able to attend their top choice colleges, thanks to the financial support of FCE College Scholarship.
Postsecondary Education
Population(s) Served
Young Adults (20-25 years) -- currently not in use
Poor/Economically Disadvantaged, Indigent, General
Ethnic/Racial Minorities -- General
Program 4
FCE STEAM will enroll students in Grade 6, who reside in East Palo Alto or East Menlo Park, who have a minimum 2.8 GPA, and who have a parent/guardian who commits to participate. STEAM helps middle school students develop the curiosity, persistence, and resilience to become successful learners and successful adolescents and the skills to take college preparatory courses. STEAM includes four aspects: Summer STEAM, School-Year STEAM, Field Trips, and Parent Engagement and Leadership.
Program long term success
College Graduation
Program success monitored by
The success of FCE STEAM is monitored by FCE personnel and contract employees.
Program success examples
Examples of the success of FCE STEAM include rising student GPAs, exposure to cultural activities, and student matriculation.
Afterschool Enrichment
Population(s) Served
Children Only (5 - 14 years)
Ethnic/Racial Minorities -- General
Poor/Economically Disadvantaged, Indigent, General
Program 5
FCE Parent Engagement & Leadership
FCE not only helps students prepare for college, it also helps parents and guardians acquire the skills and confidence to become effective educational advocates for their children as well as agents for positive change in East Palo Alto and surrounding communities. One key to the success of FCE's program is a requirement for each student to have at least one parent, guardian, or caring adult who actively participates in the program. FCE offers monthly meetings to help parents learn about the U.S. educational system and how to help their children succeed in school. In addition, FCE offers parents the opportunity to help shape the organization through participation on the Parent Leadership Team and on the FCE Board of Directors. The FCE Parent Leadership Program consists of two components: Parent/Guardian Support and Leadership Development.
Program long term success
FCE seeks to create a community where higher education is expected and attainable. By engaging students and families in our work, FCE aims to create a community of learners armed with the right tools and information. Together, they play a pivotal role in sharing information with other families about how best to maximize resources and navigate the college admissions process, thus catalyzing change in the larger community.
Program success monitored by
The success of FCE Parent Engagement & Leadership is monitored by FCE staff and members of the Board of Directors.
Program success examples
Examples of the success of FCE Parent Engagement & Leadership are parents who return to the program to serve as mentors for new parents as well as parents who are able to advocate for their younger children because of what they learned in the program.
Adult Education
Population(s) Served
Ethnic/Racial Minorities -- General
Poor/Economically Disadvantaged, Indigent, General
East Palo Alto and surrounding communities
Funding Needs
Financial support is needed for a comprehensive college access and completion program.
Affiliations + Memberships
National College Access Network
Center for Nonprofit Management Excellence Network
External Reviews
Source: greatnonprofits.org
The review section is powered by Great Nonprofits
Financial information is an important part of gauging the short- and long-term health of the organization.
Sign In or Create Account to view Revenue and Expenses information
The people, governance practices, and partners that make the organization tick.
Dr. Anna Waring
1995 Ph.D., in Education (Administration and Policy Analysis Program)
Stanford University, Stanford, California
1978 B. A., Psychology
Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
, Foundation for a College Education
Josephinum Academy, Chicago, IL. July 2002 – June 2007)
Public Services Graduate Program, DePaul University (September 1991 – 2004).
, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, DePaul University (December 1990-August 1993)
, San Francisco Foundation (1989-1990), Haas Center for Public Service, Stanford University (1985-89, Half-time).
Educational Commission of the States (1987-1988)
, A Better Chance, Inc. (1978-83)
, The LEAD Program in Business, Inc. (1980-83)
, A Better Chance, Inc. (1982-83)
Julie Lythcott-Haims M.A.
Stanford University
Term: July 2010 - June 2011
GuideStar worked with BoardSource, the national leader in nonprofit board leadership and governance, to create this section, which enables organizations and donors to transparently share information about essential board leadership practices. Self-reported by organization
Does the board conduct a formal orientation for new board members and require all board members to sign a written agreement regarding their roles, responsibilities, and expectations?
Has the board conducted a formal, written assessment of the chief executive within the past year?
Have the board and senior staff reviewed the conflict-of-interest policy and completed and signed disclosure statements in the past year?
Does the board ensure an inclusive board member recruitment process that results in diversity of thought and leadership?
Has the board conducted a formal, written self-assessment of its performance within the past three years?


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is elective but will greatly enhance your chances of people actually reading your profile and contacting you. Tell people about yourself, your interests and upload your best photograph.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to pinpoint members who match your desired criteria. Or just scan through listings and pinpoint people that pique your interest.
Discovered someone who looks right? Send them a word or two or just a wink and see what they say. With a little luck you'll be on your way to true love.
You won't regret it


text:
Integrated Print & Digital Solutions
Want to learn more? Let's get started!
Listening to your specific needs and objectives is important. We know you have a lot going on, and our goal is to make your life a little easier.
Understanding your unique challenges and expectations is fundamental to how we do business. Doing the little things sometimes makes the biggest difference.
Delivering diverse services and custom solutions to meet your requirements is what NPC does best.
NPC tops list of Government Publishing Office contractors in 2016 for second straight year
NPC earned the No. 1 spot on the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) Top 50 Contractors List for Federal fiscal year 2016 for a second straight year.
Mark Barnhart named one of Pennsylvania Business Central's Top 100 People of 2016
Mark Barnhart, owner and CEO of NPC, Inc., has been recognized by Pennsylvania Business Central as one of its Top 100 People of 2016.
Print & Mail Services
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Fulfillment & Distribution
Real-time inventory management, accurate order fulfillment and speedy distribution — all from one reliable source.
Document Processing
From scanning and data capture to document review and document conversion, we've got you covered.
Acting as journalist, photographer, editor and publisher, NPC co-founder Barney Barnhart led a revival of The Hollidaysburg Register, Blair County's oldest newspaper, that hit newsstands February 25, 1955.
Call NPC today at 800.847.5757
Email NPC at email@example.com
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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
i recently have been working at a popeyes in fl for 4months and when the schedule was posted up for a next pay period i was not on it and im worried that they terminated me but i was never notified about it nor was i written up for anything.
Florida is an at-will employment state, meaning you have no contractual right to be employed and remain employed. Generally, you have no rights with regard to being left off of the schedule. However, if you were left off of the schedule because of discrimination or retaliation for complaining about something that you perceive to be illegal, then you could have a claim. You should speak to an employment lawyer in your part of the state.Ask a similar question
Here are the legal theories for wrongful termination.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) protects employees forty years of age or older against discriminatory firing based on age.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protects the qualified employee from wrongful workplace termination. An employee that has a physical or medical impairment is protected under the ADA.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination and wrongful termination based on gender, pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discriminatory firing at the workplace because of an employee's religion, ancestry, or accent.
The Civil Rights Act, Title VII, prohibits workplace discrimination and wrongful termination based on race, perceived race, or marriage to someone of a particular race.Ask a similar question
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text:
Coordinator — Micaela Tuckwell
Micaela enjoys building relationships with other local voluntary sector organisations. Find out if a career in the charity sector would suit you…
How did you get your job?
It was the steps I took before graduation that made a difference as I began my role as coordinator of Jacari in the summer that I graduated from university.
Jacari is an Oxford-based children's education charity that provides free home-tutoring for local children who are struggling at school because of language barriers. All of Jacari's volunteers are university students who are matched up with a child and then spend an hour a week helping to build their child's confidence in English.
While doing my undergraduate degree at Oxford Brookes University I spent two years volunteering with Jacari, and in my final year I was also the president of the charity's student committee.
One of the benefits of working for such a small charity is that I have been able to work with trustees to shape the coordinator role
How relevant is your degree to your job?
The communication skills learnt from my English degree were particularly useful on the day of the interview as candidates were asked to prepare and perform a presentation, as if to a group of students, encouraging them to become volunteers. I also had to write a letter to a school teacher answering a tricky query.
What are your main work activities?
Working for a small charity with one employee means that each day looks very different as volunteer management, book-keeping, fundraising, reporting to the trustees and liaising with schools and parents all falls within my job description.
A day could involve a morning of answering queries from students interested in volunteering and a meeting with a school teacher at a local school, followed by chairing a meeting of the student committee in the afternoon and writing a grant application to a trust fund.
How has your role developed?
One of the benefits of working for such a small charity is that I have been able to work with the charity's trustees to shape the coordinator role, as challenges and opportunities arise. For example, I have restructured how projects that occur alongside our core activity of tutoring children are run.
My ambition is to continue working in the not-for-profit sector and in particular, to further develop my volunteer management skills.
What do you enjoy about your job?
I particularly enjoy building relationships with other local voluntary sector organisations, social enterprises and schools. By establishing these relationships I am able to draw on the opportunities and knowledge gained and to better manage the charity for the benefit of its volunteers and beneficiaries.
Charities exist out of a need in a community, no matter how big or small that community is, and so therefore an important (and exciting) part of working in the not-for-profit sector is continuing to learn about how your charity fits into the community that you serve.
What are the most challenging parts of your job?
The sheer breadth of the role. There are so many interesting aspects to the role, such as fundraising; volunteer recruitment; training and management; school/beneficiary liaison; reporting to trustees; bookkeeping; monitoring and evaluation.
The variety of the job means there is a lot to learn and it does require considerable energy and innovation. Having such variety however, means I have developed a wide range of skills, and gained a good insight into the charity sector.
Any words of advice for someone who wants to get into this job?
If you're still at university, get involved with a student society and start developing skills. Identify a cause that you care about and get in touch with a local group (student or other) that supports that cause.
If they don't have a voluntary opportunity that is right for you, think about the skills you do have (publicity through social media, book-keeping, fundraising etc.) to see whether you can help them in any other way.
Find out more
- Learn more about the role of a charity officer.
- See what the charity and voluntary work sector has to offer.


text:
Significant increase in the Haqqani network activity in Khost, Paktia, Logar and Wardak has been reported which are on infiltration routes from Pakistan to launch attacks against the Afghan capital, CNN reported quoting top NATO officials in Kabul.
"Whether or not NATO and US will have to provide more assistance to the Afghan forces along the border with Pakistan," the officials said would depend on "the level of threat coming out of Miranshah".
General John Allen, the commander of US and NATO forces in Afghanistan, has completed a 90-day assessment of the campaign plan and suggested a gradual shift of focus to pulverise Haqqani network militants in the east.
"As things improve in the south, we will focus more on the east," officials said.
Though US officials have given bare details about the build-up to launch the new operation against the Haqqani terror network, Pakistani media reports have said that heavy artillery, fresh troops and helicopter gunships have been moved closer to the border to hit Haqqani terror network's stronghold in the region.
The new Afghan operation in the east against the Haqqani militants comes as Pentagon said that cross-border attacks emanating from Pakistan against US-led forces in Afghanistan have increased since the US raid that killed Osama bin Laden in Pakistan.


text:
For Hard, Ragged or Dry Cuticles
The Extra Gentle Cuticle Minimizer can be used as an integral part of a manicure or as a daily cuticle treatment. It's special, gentle formulation contains natural softeners to enhance the contour of the nail by minimizing hard cuticles, while also moisturizing those that are ragged, bitten or dried. Well maintained cuticles enhance nail growth. This Formaldehyde free formula penetrates thick, dry cuticles leaving them soft and transparent.
Bonus: Includes Cuticle Stick


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Education News and Training
News Ofsted publishing 'Trojan horse' plot reports and Michael Gove's statement: Politics live blog
Park View hits back at Ofsted and Michael Gove - Summary 11.49am BST My colleague Steven Morris is at Park View. He's sent me this.It's hard to over-emphasise the degree of anger at the gates of Park View school from teachers, parents, pupils. I just heard one parent say the only extreme thing about the school was the extreme dedication of the teachers and the extremely good results the school has been achieving. A pupil just made a good point about the timing - in the middle of exams. Why couldn't it have coincided with half term - or why couldn't the government have waited until after exam time? It is uncomfortable to see pupils and teachers having to dodge journalists and camera crews. 11.47am BST Saltley school in Birmingham, another that is being downgraded by Ofsted today and placed in special measures, has put out a statement saying that the Ofsted report into it is "seriously flawed". Here's an extract. The bold is from the Saltley statement, not from me.According to widespread reporting in the media, Ofsteds inspections of 21 schools in Birmingham were made in response to the so-called Trojan Horse affair, alleging improper influence in schools exercised by extremists. We wish to stress therefore that Ofsted found not the slightest shred of evidence that there is or ever has been such influence at this school. Parents and the wider community may be wholly confident that students here are safe and well looked after ...In the draft version of its 2014 report, Ofsted used evidence which was apparently gleaned from a Sunday newspaper, not from any observations and interviews at the school itself. The governing body pointed this out and Ofsted deleted the reference. But the fact that Ofsted was prepared to use such evidence, and would have done so publicly if the governing body had not drawn attention to it, raises substantial doubts about Ofsteds professionalism and objectivity. The governing body believes that the report was not written with due respect for appropriate evidence. 11.40am BST Yesterday the Birmingham Labour MPs Liam Byrne and Shabana Mahmood issued a joint statement about the the Ofsted investigations. Here is an extract.Now thousands of Muslim parents feel that they and their children are automatically under suspicion, and that the education they receive will be viewed through the prism of counter-terrorism.We simply do not accept this. 11.33am BST Russell Hobby, general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, has issued a statement on the Ofsted Birmingham findings. Here it is in full.He said that although most schools did not have serious failings, Ofsted did uncover some "unacceptable practice".The reports are clear that the majority of leadership teams working in schools held the line for students despite immense personal pressure and a very real sense of isolation.We should take comfort in the willingness of staff to resist intimidation and put their careers on the line to protect their students.We see three major boundaries: first, governance must be fair and accountable. NAHT has already called for the introduction of formal training for governors along with greater powers to remove governors where there is serious cause for concern. Second, employment practice must adhere to regulation and law. Most importantly, children educated in state schools should be free from discrimination and entitled to receive a broad and balanced curriculum. This includes teaching in sport, music, science, religious education and sex and relationship education. There are examples where all three boundaries have been crossed.Given that autonomy has actually been encouraged and vigilance relaxed, in all but the most serious cases schools should first be offered the chance to bring their own house in order.We also need to learn longer term lessons: we need a confidential route for staff to raise concerns; a clearer statement of the basic entitlement of pupils; a more coherent mechanism to investigate allegations than we have seen in recent weeks; and resources to raise awareness and train staff and governors in the Prevent strategy. 11.23am BST My colleague Steven Morris has send me more reaction to the Ofsted findings from Birmingham.Azhar Qaym, a member of the Muslim Association of Birmingham, said the probe into the schools had been politically-motivated.He said: People have come into Birmingham from London who don't understand the city and don't have our best interests at heart. This is a politically-motivated investigation. 11.19am BST Here are the key points from the Park View statements (see 10.02am and10.59am.) Park View educational trust said the way its three schools (Park View, Golden Hillocks and Nansen) had been condemned and put into special measures was "truly shocking".[Politicians] have put Muslim children from these communities at substantial risk of not being accepted as equal, legitimate and valued members of British society, and they have allowed suspicion to be cast on the aspiration of their parents and anyone else who believes that these children deserve the same rights and excellent standard of education as any other child.Our schools do not tolerate or promote extremism of any kind. We have made a major commitment to raising all students' awareness of extremism. People who know and have worked with our schools are appalled at the way we have been misrepresented. 10.59am BST And here is the full statement from Lee Donaghy, assistant principal at Park View school, which he delivered alongside David Hughes earlier. (See 10.02am.)On behalf of the staff at Park View, I want to say first and foremost that we reject this report's findings. It is simply not true that the school does not do enough to protect our pupils from the risks of extremism.Every day my colleagues and I work hard to ensure our pupils are disciplined, understand and respect difference and, most of all, achieve well, and in the process gain a full understanding of their religion, the surest guards against extremism of any kind. 10.33am BST Here's some more reaction to the Ofsted findings. It's from Jahan Mahmood, a Birmingham-based researcher on extremism, who claims the way the Ofsted inspections were carried out risked "radicalising" the children Ofsted is supposed to protect. I've taken the quote from the Press Association.It beggars belief, how this has been done. The way Ofsted has gone about this is an own goal and in the long run you risk radicalising kids rather than engaging with them. 10.07am BST Lee Donaghy, assistant principal, at Park View, also condemned the Ofsted report. He said the school was part of the solution, not part of the problem, describing it as a beacon of hope against isolation, poverty, drugs, crime and yes potential extremism. I will post his full quotes soon. 10.02am BST Here is the full statement from David Hughes, the vice chair of Park View educational trust. He stressed that he was not a Muslim himself, but a practising Christian.I have been a governor at Park View school for 17 years and I'm immensely proud of what's been achieved here and what's been done, and very distressed about what happening to undo that work ...On behalf of staff, students and parents who have worked so hard improve their schools, we are extremely disappointed to confirm that Ofsted has graded Park View, Golden Hillocks and Nansen schools as inadequate and put them into special measures. 9.41am BST Park View school is responding now to the Ofsted report criticising it.David Hughes, vice chair of Park View academy trust, told a news conference that the trust wholly rejected the Ofsted findings.Academy trust confirms Park View, Golden Hillock & Nansen schools put into special measures by Ofsted #trojanhorse'OFSTED came to our schools looking for segregation and extremism. Did not find any' Park View chair of gov"Speed with which Park View has been condemned is truly shocking" - chair of academy trust and governor David Hughes #trojanhorse 9.31am BST Tristram Hunt, the shadow education secretary, has issued this response to the announcement from David Cameron about allowing no-notice Ofsted inspections at schools.This is an entirely weak and inadequate response by David Cameron to the gravity of the situation in Birmingham. What we're seeing in Birmingham is part of the systematic failings in the current school system.Cameron's schools policy has delivered a vacuum in the local oversight of our schools, leaving children exposed to falling standards and vulnerable to risks posed by extremists. 9.07am BST Overnight David Cameron issued the following statement.Protecting our children is one of the first duties of government and that is why the issue of alleged Islamist extremism in Birmingham schools demands a robust response. Just what that takeover entails is central to understanding what the Trojan horse row is all about, and the fall-out between May and Gove. It comes down to a definition of extremism.The claims that have bounced around include allegations of segregated classes, compulsory prayers and incendiary preachers at school assemblies but most have crumbled under examination. So the focus for investigation has slipped from extremism to "an awareness of the risks associated with extremism" in the elided phrase now used by Ofsted inspectors to condemn the schools most heavily involved, such as Park View academy.Park View academy, the Birmingham secondary school at the centre of the alleged Islamist plot known as Trojan horse, will be told next week that it has failed to adequately warn its pupils about extremism and that staff are intimidated by the school's leadership.A controversial Ofsted report ordered by Michael Gove and leaked to the Guardian will highlight that one of the reasons why the school previously rated outstanding will be downgraded to inadequate is that teachers have not received enough training in the government's anti-extremism Prevent programme. Continue reading...Read the full story in Guardian Education


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Hi All,
We are using David info center for our email. I was wondering if any of you also use this? and have got spiceworks email alerts working with it?
4 Replies
· · ·
Apr 27, 2010 at 4:41 UTC
we use David ver.10
and alert mail do not work
hmmm.. interesting
· · ·
Helpful Post
Apr 27, 2010 at 4:54 UTC
sorry it works
i have lookt in my tobit mail but is not the spiceworks-Mail
· · ·
Apr 27, 2010 at 10:27 UTC
Would you mind posting how you have david set up to recieve emails rom spiceworks
· · ·
Apr 28, 2010 at 2:53 UTC
i use only the outgoing mail
Sender-Mail-Adress is my domain-adress
server is the Tobit-server (also DC)
no settings changed on david
the mails cames to my private mail on GMX


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Enterprise Networks
- Enterprise Networks
The Right Network Can Change Everything
Taking a strategic approach to your network will support your business today and in the future. Did you know thatRead More
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Part 2 of "A deeper dive into Cisco VXI finds Cisco WAAS"
Dateline Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Citrix Summit and Synergy, October 2011 Hi again, Last post I said I'd get back toRead More
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Why Wait? Accelerate Cisco Device Deployment and Management
How can you immediately deploy and manage Cisco devices from the day they arrive at your organization? The answer isRead More
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Duct Tape and Chewing Gum Isn't Enough: Cloud and Virtual Environments Require Specialized Security
…it seems like just about every company is investing in, or at least seriously considering a move to, virtualization andRead More
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Securing the Mobile Experience Made Simpler
See how customers are leveraging the Cisco Identity Services Engine to ensure consistent, secure access through a centralized, single policyRead More
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Supercharge your ISR with Hardware Accelerated VPNs
Everyone has dirty secrets. One of mine is that I like Mazda Miatas, little sports cars that are cheap toRead More


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Thursday, April 29, 2010
Manuel from Cometa Restauracions sent in these photos with a query: 'Is this a Matchless? Did they ever use a Blackburne engine?'
A wolf in sheep's clothing...clearly the saddle tank, which looks bloated over that delicate chassis, is a later addition, meant to modernize an obsolete (by the 1940s) but very sporty Vintage machine, with legs, so to speak. The front brake (Enfield), gearbox (Sturmey-Archer), carburetor (Amac), and engine (Blackburne) all appear to have left the factory together.
Blackburne-engined sports bikes are rare and desirable as the engines are beautifully engineered and gave terrific performance in their day, doing well in the TT and at Brooklands. I'm waiting for the motor and frame numbers, which will prove definitively if the engine is a racer, and the chassis is what it appears to be.
4 comments:
- Eugene D. said...
OK Supreme?
- April 30, 2010
- Mar said...
Looks more than a little like a Henley frame, but I'd need to see under the tank to be sure.
- May 01, 2010
- marticelli said...
As Blackburne and OEC Marque Specialist in the VMCC, I would say this looks like either a special constructed using a Blackburne 350cc engine from the 20s using 30s cycleparts, or it may possibly be a late 20s machine made by one of the many small makers in France or Italy who used Blackurne engines and other English components to make machines. I owned a New Henley and am familiar with the various frames they used but I don't believe this is one. It is a nice bike however whicj deserves to be recommissioned and used, not 'restored' IMHO
Martin Shelley
VMCC Blackburne and OEC M/S
- March 02, 2011
I have a blackburne tomtit aero engine in a chater lea cyclecar, the head and barrels look very similar
I am also currently building a recreation of the jappic cyclecar
Adrian ward firstname.lastname@example.com
- August 15, 2012


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ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
Marcie CrawfordVancouver, Washington United States of America
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 01/23/2013 11:49 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/marcie-crawford/vancouver-washington-/marcie-crawford-mike-crawford-breeder-fraud-sold-guaranteed-healthy-purebred-puppy-dogs-1002364. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Marcie Crawford ripped us off too
SUBMITTED: Wednesday, February 25, 2015POSTED: Wednesday, February 25, 2015
bought what was supposed to be an olde english bulldogge and she promised IOEBA papers sent in the mail. well now she will not respond to any of my calls, emails or text. i have been talking with another lady who bought one of her puppys, and she having same problem. Marcie told us she had the mother but she was in another room, well she told the other buyer that the mother was not there at all. she is full of lies and is just a rip off. i really hope our puppy is an olde english, but i highly doubt it now.
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Jewish Sports Network
Jewish Sports Networkrss
Irv is also the Chairman of the Physical Education Department and Athletic Director at Touro College in New York,
NY. Prior heading up Touro College's Athletic Department, he was the Athletic Director at
North Shore Hebrew Academy High School in Great Neck, NY and Flatbush Yeshiva in Brooklyn, NY.
He was also the Director of Adapted Physical Education for the New York City Department
of Education for 28 years and a retired Professor of Physical Education at Brooklyn College for 26 years.
In 2010 he was elected into the Jewish Basketball Hall of Fame


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Associate Degree in Theological Studies
The Associate Degree in Theological Studies provides a two-year study of basic theology, the Bible, and church ministry for those who wish to serve as educated and skilled laypersons within a local congregation. It provides a flexible program, a range of units, and field work—where students are placed and mentored in a local church—that can later be credited towards a Bachelor of Theology or a Bachelor of Ministry and Theology if further study is desired.
At a Glance
Course Code
DurationTwo-year full-time or equivalent part-time
Mode of DeliveryOn campus (Lake Macquarie)
AccreditationThe Associate Degree in Theological Studies course is accredited by the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) and may be offered to Australian students or international students (CRICOS Number 059849G). International students are subject to regulations outlined in the ESOS Act (2007) and the National Code.
International Students Policy
Entry RequirementsGeneral Admission Requirements apply to the Bachelor of Theology course.
Field Education RequirementsThere is an intentional placement of and mentoring of students in a local church during the initial phases of their enrolment in the AssocDegTheolStuds degree. A number of specific requirements attached to several of the church ministry subjects need to be fulfilled in a local church. In order to be placed in a local church, students are required to sign a self-disclosure form (Prohibited Persons Declaration) and consent to a criminal records check. Further information is available in the Field Education Handbook.
Course Info
Course Information BookletFor more details on the content of this course please download the following booklet:
Associate Degree in Theological Studies
Unit SynopsisThe Undergraduate Handbook contains detailed information on each unit.
To view PDF documents on this website you will need to install Adobe Reader.
Testimonials'This course has exposed me to a wide range of belief systems and theology, as well as grounding me more firmly in my beliefs. My lecturers and classmates are a constant inspiration. My Avondale experience has left me loving God more and better equipped to serve Him' — Emma Weslake
CareersThe Associate Degree in Theological Studies provides a two-year study of basic theology and ministry and is designed for those who wish to serve as educated and skilled laypersons in a local congregration. This qualification does not provide a recognised pathway into the employed ministry of the Seventh-day Adventist church.
Financial InformationThe information provided is a guide but will give you a rough idea as to the costs associated with studying at Avondale. Actual fee amounts vary on the enrolled course and the units that are taken. Please contact us if you have further questions.
ScholarshipsThe following scholarships are available specifically for this course:
- Avondale Presidents Scholarship Download PDF Form
- McDowell Theology Scholarship and Grant Download PDF Form
- Greater Sydney Conference Children's Ministries Scholarship Download PDF Form


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Highpoint Headline: Wheeler Assumes Command of Whitney
Here's a highpoint headline from Stars and Stripes: Wheeler assumes command of USS Mount Whitney. Of the course the story is about Capt. C. Ladd Wheeler assuming commander of the new 6th Fleet flagship.
Posted in California, Highpoint (States) News, New Mexico, Offbeat by roger with comments disabled.


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Aura Cacia, Aromatherapy Shower Tablets, Relaxing Lavender, 3 Tablets, 1 oz Each
Aura Cacia, Aromatherapy Shower Tablets, Relaxing Lavender, 3 Tablets, 1 oz Each
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
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- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
Shipping Weight:?0.3 lbsSwitch to Metric units
- Product Code: AUR-88267
- UPC Code: 051381882679
- Package Quantity: 3 Tablets, 1 oz Each
1.8 x 2.4 x 2.6 in, 0.25 lbsSwitch to Metric units
|Combo Discount:
|- $4.00
- Pure Essential Oils
- Effervescent Essential Oil Tablets for a True Spa Shower Experience
- 100% Pure Essential Oils
- No Synthetic Color or Fragrances
Now you can enjoy the luxurious aromatic escape of a bath with the convenience of a shower.
These unique effervescent tablets will fill the air around you with the delightful aroma of lavender essential oil—proven to relax your mind, body, and spirit.
Suggested Use
Adjust shower to desired temperature, unwrap tablet and place on shower floor. For maximum effectiveness, place tablet in direct stream of water and stand facing tablet.
Other Ingredients
Sodium carbonate, adipic acid, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, organic lavandula angustifolia (lavender) oil, calcium silicate, maltodextrin, organic coriandrum sativum (coriander) seed oil, organic pogostemon cablin (patchouli) oil, magnesium stearate.
Caution: Eye irritant. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact with eyes, flush with water immediately. If eye irritation persists, consult a doctor. Keep out of reach of children. Not for internal use. If ingested, seek medical help or contact a poison control center immediately. Not for use in bath water. Guard against slipping in shower.
No tested on animals
the aroma does not last long
Verified Purchase
the aroma does not last long
the tablet finishes quickly, and the aroma does not last long.
Not worth it
Posted by Reviewer1280935 on Jun 05, 2016 | Verified Purchase
Probably good to use for something else like closet scent - in the shower is too wasteful
Posted by 5472934364920750757 on Nov 18, 2015 | Verified Purchase
These are just beautiful and perfect for this nights you don't have time to relax in a bath but want to wind down after a stressful day. The scent is very strong which I love but I wish there was more than 3 tablets.
Ducha relax
Posted by BalkisMar on Mar 26, 2015 | Verified Purchase
A falta de bañera esto es una Buena aternativa a un baño de burbujas relajante. La aromaterapia de las pastillas se deshace en la ducha dejando un aroma muy agradable. Repito
Too strong...
Posted by pamsong on May 26, 2013 | Verified Purchase
Used one tablet in the shower and had a headache the rest of the day. I didn't like this particular lavender scent. It was sharper than I liked and was waaay too overpowering for it to be relaxing. Will not be purchasing this ever again. Am wondering what I should do with the extra two tablets now, too. Maybe I'll break them up into quarters and use them sparingly. Hmmm...
Smell great!
Posted by 5712436851677735689 on Jan 15, 2013 | Verified Purchase
Drop this in the bathtub with the door open. The smell filled the whole house! Lovely.


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