text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 23, 1988
|Filing date
|Mar 11, 1986
|Priority date
|Mar 12, 1985
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Anthony L. Downing, Rodney C. Squires
|Original Assignee
|Epoc Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (32), Classifications (37), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to cross-flow filtration. In general terms, the filter and method of filtration of the invention can be used for the removal of suspended matter of any size, i.e., having dimensions of sand grains or less, and the invention could be used for instance for dewatering or concentrating dredge spoil prior to dumping (not necessarily with a membrane on the filter support). However, the invention is preferably used for the particle sizes associated with micro-filtration or smaller, i.e. sizes associated with micro-filtration, ultra-filtration or reverse osmosis. The minimum retained particle sizes for micro-filtration and ultra-filtration may be considered to be very roughly 10-7 to 10-8 m (colloidal range) and 10-8 to 10-9 m (macromolecular range), respectively. Colloidal particles and suspended liquids such as oil could be held back. More particularly the filter and method of filtration of the invention are useful for treatment of wastewater, both industrial and domestic.
2. Related Art
Cross-flow filters are known, and comprise a filter support, which may form or merely support the actual filter material or (dynamic) membrane; the filter membrane may be formed by material circulated across the filter support before the feed is applied or may be formed by the feed itself, either as an inherent ingredient of the feed or as an additive to the feed. The membrane is often referred to as a pre-coat in microfiltration and as a gel coat in reverse osmosis. The filters also comprise an inlet for feed which is led to the filter membrane, an outlet for permeate which has passed through the filter membrane, and an outlet for concentrate which is not passed through the filter membrane; the outlet for concentrate will be arranged to ensure back pressure and may have a specific back pressure valve. The feed passes under pressure along the surface of the filter membrane and causes turbulence to occur adjacent to the filter membrane. Periodic cleaning is required, but the filter operates continuously for long periods; once an initial layer of retained material has been deposited on the filter support to form the membrane, the turbulence provided inhibits further deposition--thus cake build up is minimised and a good flow (flux) through the filter membrane is maintained. Although the cleaning of the filter membrane is not very frequent, it is important that the filter support should provide for effective cleaning and the removal of matter which tends to block the interstices or pores of the filter support and gradually reduce the efficacy of the filter. It is found that it is difficult, unless elaborate cleaning methods or systems are used, to dislodge such matter from effectively rigid filter media or from relatively thick filter media such as fire hose carcass material, into which matter penetrates deeply before retention.
In unpublished experimental work carried out by George Raymond Groves, a number of side-by-side fire hoses extended horizontally between the two spaced, horizontal beams. The material of the fire hoses was relatively inflexible. To clean by back-flushing, the lengths of hoses were moved past stationary jets by winding the hoses from one beam to the other. The fire hoses were cumbersome to handle when setting up the equipment, and the hose material gradually blocked up due to inadequate cleaning when back-flushing.
In a cross-flow filter, the invention provides a filter support which is highly flexible and has an uninterrupted filter zone of substantial area which is restrained during filtration, when the filter support is under the pressure of the feed, solely by tensile forces in the filter support itself, substantial movement of the filter support being possible in the direction at right angles to its face when the pressures on either side of the filter support are equal. The invention also provides a filter support which is in the form of a flexible double cloth material in which continuous and isolated tubes are formed as an integral array of side-by-side tubes, feed being passed into the tubes. The invention further provides a method of cross-flow filtration, comprising using the highly flexible filter support, the filter zone bulging out beyond a planar configuration; or using the flexible filter support in the form of a double cloth material and passing feed into the tubes. The invention in addition provides a highly flexible filter support which has sufficient tensile strength to provide a substantial, uninterrupted filter area without other mechanical support. The invention in addition provides a flexible filter support which is in the form of a double cloth material in which continuous and isolated tubes are formed as an integral array of side-by-side tubes.
The filter support of the invention can be highly flexible, and its flexibility is significantly greater than that of a normal fire hose carcase. The flexibility is discussed below under the heading "Flexibility Testing".
The filter support is collapsible, and there is no mechanical contact with the uninterrupted, effective filtering area of the filter support such as would normally be required in order to support the filter support in a direction at right angles to its face and in a direction opposed to the flow. The uninterrupted filter zone can be of substantial area relative to the total area of the filter support. The pressure of the feed (more specifically the differential pressure across the filter support and membrane) inflates the filter support, causing it to bulge out, and the filter support collapses at least to some degree when the pressure is relieved. The absence of mechanical contact over a large area of the filter support leads to more effective use of the filter support. However, the primary advantage is the ability to provide efficient cleaning of the filter support both mechanically and chemically for the removal of the membrane and filtered material, made possible by the high flexibility, structure and the thinness of the filter support. Back-flushing is normally used for cleaning, but even without back-flushing, removing the pressure and thereby causing the filter support to collapse can cause release of some trapped material. Back-flushing can be done with fluid applied to the external surface of the filter support. The fluid may be water, or may be compressed air, particularly when oily or greasy fluids are being filtered. Narrow jets of compressed air or high pressure water, applied to the external surface of the filter support, can be used to back-flush while the filter continues to operate, any membrane reforming immediately afterwards--local, momentary collapse of the filter support is effected by reversing the hydraulic gradient. The back-flushing however causes no kinking or pleating when filtering re-commences.
The filter support can be divided in modular form and be robust, and can have a wide application range and a very good temperature and chemical resistance, as well as being relatively cheap.
The filter support can be made in long lengths e.g. of tens of meters, the preferred minimum length being one meter, thereby reducing the number of end connections per unit area of filter support/membrane, and hence greatly reducing construction costs. Thus the filter support need not necessarily be encapsulated in a pressure vessel (except where safety requirements dictate this), and end piping connections can be made directly to e.g. each tube of the filter support. Flexibility aids the production, storage and use of long lengths.
General applications of the invention include:
(i) separation technique for colloidal/suspended solids--the feed can be of any nature, e.g., natural and partially treated waters, domestic and industrial wastewaters, sludges from the treatment of waters and of domestic and industrial wastewaters, sludges arising directly from industrial processes and spoil or slurries arising from operations such as dredging;
(ii) thickening of sludges;
(iii) retention of biomass or sludges in reactors--the reactor may be aerobic, anoxic or anaerobic. In an activated sludge plant, in which the reactor is aerobic, the biomass (activated sludge) can be separated from the flow of mixed liquor (biomass plus wastewater) using the cross-flow filter instead of by sedimentation, the biomass being recycled to the reactor(s). Because of the slow rate of settling of biomass by sedimentation, the use of the invention can greatly increase the concentration of biomass in the reactor(s), for instance from 4000 mg/l to 20000 mg/l or more. As the minimum residence time and hence the size of the reactor(s) required to achieve a given performance is roughly inversely proportional to the concentration of biomass, the capital cost of the reactor(s) can be greatly reduced, and it is believed that the filter can cost less than the sedimentation tank. In addition, the quality of the permeate can be better than from a conventional activated-sludge plant and may be equivalent to or better than that of a conventional plant when treated by coagulation, settlement and sand filtration. The power input may be higher, but the corresponding increase in cost is less than the saving otherwise achieved;
(iv) "polishing" of effluents;
(v) pretreatment, with or without prior coagulation or other chemical treatment, prior to ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis for removal of suspended solids, colloidal particles and organic foulants from waters, wastewaters and industrial effluents, e.g. from textiles, pulp and paper, sugar, chemicals, tanning, mining, beverages, brewing, distilling, food, fermentation, pharmaceuticals and other processing industries;
(vi) filtration of suspension of solids with poor settling characteristics;
(vii) as a substitution for and improvement upon sedimentation or other separation devices in reactor systems depending upon the separation and recycling of solids, biomass or other materials, e.g. in various forms of aerobic, anoxic or anaerobic fermentor for wastewater treatment or general fermentation or other biological and biochemical processes.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and detailed description of the invention below.
FIG. 1 is a generally schematic view, showing batch filtration in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a generally schematic view, showing feed and bleed filtration in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a generally schematic view, showing series taper filtration in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 4 is a generally schematic view, showing continuous effluent filtration in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of a first filter in accordance with the invention (two details also being shown);
FIG. 6 is a plan of the filter of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a vertical section along the plane VII--VII in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a detail of FIG. 7, showing part of the cleaning head;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are enlarged, schematic, transverse sections through the filter support shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, FIG. 9 showing the filter support distended and FIG. 10 showing the filter support relaxed.
FIGS. 11 and 12 are a schematic vertical section and a schematic plan (on a smaller scale) of a second filter in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 13 and 14 are views of third and fourth filters in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 15 and 16 are a schematic isometric view of and a schematic vertical section through a fifth filter in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a filter support in accordance with the invention and shows one type of twill weave used in the case of a woven double cloth filter support;
FIGS. 18a and 18b are a weave diagram of a different filter support in accordance with the invention. FIG. 18b being the continuation of the right hand end of FIG. 18a;
FIG. 19 is a scrap horizontal section showing an alternative cleaning method.
In order to provide a filter 8 which is easy to clean and in which expense can be reduced by using a long length of filter support 21 and by making easy connections between the feed supply duct 1 and the filter support 21, the filter 8 has a spiral of, or parallel, spaced lengths of, double-ply material whose plies are seamed together along spaced, longitudinal seams to provide an array of side-by-side tubes. The filter support material is highly flexible and has a thickness not greater than 1 mm. Due to the tubular formation, the filter support 21 has an uninterrupted filter zone of substantial area relative to the total area of the filter support; during filtration (when the filter support 21 is under the pressure of the feed) the tube walls bulge out and the filter zone is restrained solely by tensile forces in the filter support 21 itself. Substantial movement of the filter support 21 is possible in the direction at right angles to its face when the pressures on either side of the filter support are equal. The filter support has many applications, but one application is when the filter is connected downstream of an aeration vessel 11 with no intervening vessel, the concentrate outlet 2 of the filter 8 being connected to the aeration vessel 11 for sludge return. This enables the size of the aeration vessel 11 to be substantially reduced.
The thickness of the filter support is the distance from face to face, ignoring any random protrusions, and is for many applications preferably not greater than 1 mm. A simple measurement can be made by laying the filter support on a flat platten, placing a thin sheet of glass on top, and measuring the average distance between the glass and the platten. The thickness is that of the filter support as would be present in the filter before start-up, i.e. ignoring any layer or membrane deposited on the filter support, either in order to prepare the support for filtration or as a layer of retained material during filtration. If the filter support is of a multi-layer type, the filter support as a whole must still be flexible and preferably has a thickness of not greater than 1 mm. The preferred maximum thickness is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm and in practice thicknesses of 0.24 mm and 0.33 mm have been used.
The preferred filter support is a flexible textile product or fabric formed from natural, man-made or synthetic fibres, filaments or yarns or a combination thereof in spun or continuous form and of monofilament or multifilament configuration of either a single material or mixtures of e.g. synthetic polymers such as polyester, nylon and polypropylene, natural fibres such as cotton, glass carbon, glass-fibre, carbon fibre and stainless steel. Normally the fibres, filaments or yarns will be assembled in the filter support by a weaving, knitting, non-woven or stitch-bonding process to provide a low-cost, highly flexible and self-supporting filter support of suitable pressure rating.
In the case of a textile fabric, the preferred construction is a double cloth whereby each wall or layer of the double cloth is a homogeneous and tightly constructed single cloth in its own right. The double cloth construction is so arranged such that continuous and isolated tubes are formed as an array of side-by-side tubes in one direction, usually, in the case of woven or knitted filter supports, in the warp direction.
In the case of woven filter supports, there is a variety of weaves for making tubes (twill, plain weave, hopsack, card or combination thereof). Twill is a preferred weave providing suitable tightness as well as filtration capability of high flux--suitable tightness avoids pin-hole leaks under pressure.
In the case of filter supports requiring very high strength, a triple or quadruple layer woven construction could be employed in each ply.
The preferred filter support is highly flexible to allow for ease of cleaning e.g. by back-flushing or by stop and start operation involving the partial collapse of the filter support, and for assembly into e.g. a spirally configured module without creasing, and for assembly into a linearly configured module without major alignment problems; is suitable for manufacture into long lengths to minimise the number of manifold connections required; is of tight construction to separate e.g. suspended solids or metal hydroxide floc particles; is of high pressure rating to allow long lengths to be assembled into modules; and is of a construction that minimises particle entrapment in the filter support itself, i.e. provides ease of cleaning and little pore clogging.
The preferred filter support construction, for applications requiring a membrane layer or precoat, is capable of separating particles such as aluminium or ferric hydroxide flocs, diatomaceous earth, bentonite or other similar filtration aids from water when the filter support is subjected to a pressure in the range 1.5 to 150 p.s.i. (although these values are not exclusive).
The filtration capability is dependent on the filter support and on the characteristics of any layer or membrane deposited on the filter support. The layer or membrane can be self-healing if it is damaged or punctured. The layer may be formed by constituents of the feed or by laying down a specific layer of for example hydroxide floc. Multi-layer coatings can be used, in which a first coating of e.g. kieselguhr, bentonite or cellulose is overlain by a second coating of e.g. a metal hydroxide such as iron, aluminium or zirconium hydroxide. In a general sense, the technology for applying the coating is well known. The various possible operational modes can be considered as follows:
(i) untreated filter support;
(ii) inert filtration aids (e.g. diatomaceous earth, bentonite, activated silica, asbestos fibre or cellulosic fibre) added to the feed;
(iii) metal hydroxide (e.g. iron, aluminium or calcium) added to the feed;
(iv) other materials, compounds or coating chemically bonded or otherwise attached to the filter support, usually before installation.
Using the present invention, it is preferred in some applications to avoid the addition of coagulents to the feed except during an initial feed to provide a pre-coat layer or membrane. Even for the treatment of water for potable uses, the continuous dosing of coagulating or other water treatment chemicals may not be required, once the pre-coat layer is established.
The preferred filter support is in the form of a tube supported at its ends, for instance comprised in an integral array of side-by-side tubes--the internal diameter of the tube may be for instance from 5 or 10 to 40 mm or up to 200 mm. The advantages of a tube are low cost, high burst strength and durability, and tubes enable modules to be provided without difficulty and are also less prone to blocking. An array of tubes can provide a single module--for example for 25 mm internal diameter tubes, the array may have 22 to 46 tubes using standard weaving widths of one to two meters in the case of a woven filter support, and be several hundred meters long. A hundred meter array of twenty two tubes of 25 mm internal diameter has a filtration area of 170 m2. Tube life times may be one to three years, depending on the severity of the application.
The filter support will normally form part of a replaceable module which will consist of the tube array, tube connection headers, piping and valves. The individual tubes in the array may be connected in parallel or in series or in parallel/series combination.
FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate that batch concentration, feed and bleed or continuous once-through filtration are possible. FIGS. 1 to 3 show feed, recycle, concentrate and permeate lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, storage vessels 5, control valves 6, pumps 7, cross-flow microfilters 8 in accordance with the invention, and back-pressure valves 9.
FIG. 3 shows a series-taper module configuration such as would be used in continuous operation in a large plant; for instance the number of filters 8 in the individual stages can be 16-8-4-2-1, and one can obtain for example 50% or 60% water recovery per stage. Interstage pumping may be required.
FIG. 4 shows the treatment of primary sewage effluent using an activated sludge process. The feed line 1 delivers sewage effluent to a device 10 for screening and grit removal and thence to a primary sedimentation tank 11, a sludge line 12 being shown. From the tank 11, the feed passes to a reactor in the form of an activated sludge aeration vessel 13. Sludge is continuously withdrawn from the vessel 13 by the pump 7, but concentrated sludge is returned along the line 2, rejected concentrate (surplus sludge) being passed along the line 3. Due to the ability of the filter 8 to continue working for long period, the vessel 13 can be operated with very high sludge concentrations, even up to 15% (dry weight).
FIGS. 5 to 10 show a spiral arrangement of a filter support 21 in accordance with the invention. The filter support 21 is in the form of an integral double cloth array forming a large number of tubes (see FIGS. 9 and 10). The filter support 21 can be as in Example 1 below. The filter support 21 is contained within an annular permeate tank 22 and is suspended in position by means of a stainless steel spiral 23 or other suitable support over which the top tube has been slid (or to which it has been fastened), which is in turn hung over, for example, a notched support member 24 by means of stainless steel hooks 25 or another suitable suspending method. Suitable weights 26 may be inserted in the bottom tube of the filter support 21, to cause it to hang vertically. The remaining tubes are available for the filter operation.
Feed and return connections 27 are made at the ends of the tubes, and these connections 27 can be made up in manifolds as desired, the individual connections to the tubes being varied to suit applications. FIG. 7 indicates one possible arrangement. The connections 27 will blank off a short length at the end of each filter tube, but it is very small in relation to the uninterrupted area, less than 1%. The pump 7 is connected to the feed line 1. As can be seen, the permeate runs off the outside of the filter support 21 and collects in the bottom of the tank 22.
FIGS. 6 to 8 show schematicatlly a cleaning head 28 comprising two legs, which is arranged to pass along a spiral path between the turns of the filter support 21 and projects a fluid from each leg in opposite radial directions onto the filter support 21 to clean and to stabilise the filter support 21 during the cleaning operation; there may be for example suitable nozzles arranged at intervals on the legs. The legs of the cleaning head 28 consist of pipes connected by a flexible pipe 29 to a fluid delivery system pipe 30.
On start-up, pre-coat is supplied from a feed tank (not shown) which is recycled until the membrane flux indicates that sufficient pre-coat has been applied. A normal filtration cycle then takes place, lasting a lengthy period. When cleaning is required, either at predetermined time intervals or by the lowering of the membrane flux to a minimum value, the feed is either discontinued or supplied at a reduced flow, causing the tubes of the filter support to relax; cleaning water is pumped through the cleaning head 28, flexing the filter support inwards in both directions (front and back), opening the pores and discharging particles from the filter support. The cleaning head 28 moves slowly along the spiral path of the filter support 21. The flushed water, both external and internal to the tubes, is returned to the supply tank 5 or drained. For heavy deposits on the inside on the tubes of the filter support 21, it is preferred that feed flow be supplied to the tubes to prevent accumulation of the deposits in the tubes and possible blockages.
The cleaning fluid supplied to the cleaning head 28 may alternatively be water, compressed air or other gas, mixtures of air or other gas and water, and may contain cleaning chemicals.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show another arrangement for using the same filter support 21. In this case several filter supports 21 are arranged in a linear configuration and supported from suitable frames 31. FIG. 11 shows the detail of the vertical section of a tubular metal support frame 31 and FIG. 12 a general plan layout of the support frames 31 and longitudinal support members 32. The frames 31 are repeated at suitable intervals determined from structural engineering considerations. The filter supports 21 are suspended in position by means of a stainless steel member or other suitable support members 23 over which the top tube has been slid or otherwise fastened, which in turn is attached to a longitudinal support member 32. The longitudinal support members 32 are attached to the frames 31 and run continuously in the longitudinal direction for the length of the filter supports 21.
The feed and return connections to the ends of the tubes of the filter support 21 are similar to those of FIGS. 5-10. A rectangular permeate tank 22 is used to collect permeate from the filter support. Multiple cleaning heads 28 moving in the longitudinal direction operate similarly to that described in FIGS. 6-8; they are carried on a trolley 33 which cracks on members 34 and upper members 35 slide along the sides of the longitudinal members 32.
FIG. 13 shows a filter 8 in which the filter support is in the form of two webs 41, the feed being passed between the webs 41. As shown in FIG. 13, in operation the webs 41 bulge out, the arrangement being such that they do not quite touch the walls of a containing tank 42, thereby leaving unconstricted almost the whole area of the filter support. The tanks 42 can be made up in batteries, and the flow can be chosen as desired. The feed and concentrate connections 1,3 can be at the ends of the tanks 42 or on the long sides. A mesh spacer 43 is inserted between the webs 41 so that for back-flushing, a drainage space remains between the webs 41.
FIG. 14 shows a different arrangement of a filter similar to that of FIG. 13, but using the multi-tube array 21 described above. The tank 44 is profiled so as to follow the surface profile of the array 21, with sufficient space to prevent the array 21 touching the sides of the tank 44. A similar arrangement could be used for the connections 27 in the filter of FIGS. 5 to 10.
FIGS. 15 and 16 show a low-cost filter. A multi-tube array 21 is supported by guy-ropes 51 secured to stanchions 52. FIG. 16 shows two arrays 21, one above the other, but there may be a single array or parallel banks of arrays. The array(s) 21 are covered in a curtain 53 which hangs down each side and may be a plastics film or sheet such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The curtain 53 hangs down into a collection trough 54 in which the permeate is gathered. Each run of multi-tube array 21 could be up to say 80 m long--a 10 m run could filter 3 to 4 m2 hour, enough for the water supply of a small village. A hand-held nozzle can be used for back flushing.
FIG. 19 shows a cleaning arrangement in which bars 61 (which may be in the form of rollers) are moved along the outer face of each side of the filter support 21. The bars 61 have a diameter of 50% to 100% of the diameter of an individual tube of the support 21. The bars 61 flex both sides of the filter support inwards and are shown as reducing the diameter of the tube by about 50%, but the reduction could be about 5%, 25%, 75%, 90%, or 100% (fully closed), depending on circumstances. The bars 61 dislodge material on the filter support 21 and thereby clean the filter support 21. More particularly, it is believed that a venturi throat is formed within the filter (provided the tubes are not fully closed) and air may be sucked in through the filter (the same effect can be obtained with the opposed air jets, see FIGS. 6 to 8). This form of cleaning is found to be efficacious when filtering floc-type suspended matter.
The bars 61 should engage all the tubes of the filter support, which can be as in FIGS. 5-10 or as in FIGS. 11 and 12, the bars 61 being mounted like (and in place of) the cleaning heads 28. An alternative arrangement is to suspend the filter support(s) 21 so that adjacent turns or runs are almost touching, say 1 mm apart, and have a similar, say five, turns or runs of filter support 21 between each pair of bars 21, each turn or run being squeezed.
An array 21 of tubes was woven as a continuous fabric in the double cloth construction, with twenty four tubes being formed by arranging the weave, draft and peg-plan during weaving so as to form continuous tubes in the warp direction of the cloth, separated by cross-over lines formed by the weave interfacing (as shown in FIGS. 18a and 18b). If wider looms were used, the number and width of tubes could be formed. Ways of forming the tubes other than by using drop-stitches or weft crossing include subsequent stitching, glueing or similar.
One specific fabric was as follows (the figures in brackets indicate the range of, or alternative, values contemplated, though these are not exclusive):
Width of Sheet: 1050 mm (500-3000);
Length of Sheet: 95 m (0.5 or 10-200);
Tube internal diameter: 25 mm (5 or 10-200);
Width of filter support on one side of one tube: 39 mm;
Area of filter support formed by one side of one tube: 3.7 m2 ;
Total area available for membrane support (22 tubes): 163 m2 ;
Seam width between tubes: 4.5 mm (1-5);
Warp: 80 ends per cm (25-80 or 150);
Weft: 46 picks per cm (10-50 or 100);
Weight: 434 g per sq meter (100 or 200-1000 or 1500)--this is for both layers or plies and includes the seams;
Weave: 2�2, shown in FIG. 17 or more specifically as shown in FIGS. 18a and 18b (twills such as 1�2 or 2�1);
Yarn: Polyester (alternatives noted elsewhere);
Warp: 280 g/104 m (Decitex), 72 18.8 micron diameter filaments per thread, elongation at break 47%�12%, break strength 10.7 Newtons�12%; low shrink, compacted, high tenacity;
Weft: 440 g/104 m (Decitex), 120 18.2 micron diameter filaments per thread; air textured, entangled;
Mesh opening: not measured (5 or 20-300 microns);
Open area: not measured, but there was a loss of 15-21 m3 /min of air per m2 of filter support at 1.5 kPa;
Thickness of one wall of tube: 0.33 mm (0.1-0.8);
Overhanging length in specific flexibility test (see below) done on two slightly different samples (A and B) of Example 1 fabric--40 and 56 mm (10-80 or 100)--in a similar test a 100 mm length drooped by about 80� for both samples.
FIGS. 18a and 18b are a conventional weave diagram. The strip is taken across the width of the fabric and shows the repeat pattern, which will be repeated a number of times according to the number of tubes. Within this pattern, the zones x are the seams (or selvedge) and the zones y are the tubes;) the zones y will themselves be repeated according to the desired width of the tube, say seven times. A black square is where a warp thread is lifted over a weft thread. Two cloths or plies are woven, one above the other, but entanglement of both plies occurs at the selvedges and at the seams; the arrangement is such that the weft threads of one ply of one tube then become the weft threads of the other ply of the adjacent tube. A strip of not fully-cured polyvinyl chloride solution is applied along the seams (in a process such as "Zimmercoating") on one side or on each side of the fabric after weaving, impregnating the fabric; this strip can be wider than the seam, say 15 mm wide. Subsequently the fabric is heated to about 170� C. on a stenter or similar machine to fully cure the polyvinyl chloride. The strips become bonded to the woven polyester and form a strong durable seal to the zones or seams where the two plies of the fabric join; this prevents weeping at the seams and reduces the time taken to pre-coat. The strips could also be applied to the selvedges. During the heating process, the fabric may be heat shrunk or heat set.
The fabric is of such a kind that when subjected to a pressure of 88 p.s.i. over a period of three years, the cross-sectional area of the tube formed by the fabric does not increase by plastic creep by more than 5%. If excessive extensibility occurs, either on initial pressurisation and/or as the result of plastic creep, there will be unacceptable bleeding through--low extensibility would be less than 10% or preferably less than 5%.
The tubes are highly flexible and when they are not pressurised, they collapse such that their cross-section is no longer circular but approximates to a flat polygon with a space of 1 mm between the two longer sides (compare FIGS. 9 and 10).
The preferred filter support tube structure incorporating high flexibility, weave tightness to permit the separation of suspended solids and type of weave to facilitate cleaning, has in addition to provide a suitable pressure rating to permit long tube lengths (up to 200 m) to be connected in series or parallel. Preferred tube burst pressures are above 1000 kPa or in a wider range, from 59 to 1,200 p.s.i. depending on the construction material of the filter support. In the case of woven filter supports, the weave pattern and types of fibres, filaments or yarns are chosen to minimise opening of the pores of the filter support during operation under pressure.
On large lengths of filter support or tubes comprising the filter support, the frictional pressure drop may be high and interstage pumping may be a requirement for high velocity applications. The pressure rating should be such as to permit long tube lengths (up to 200 m) to be connected in series.
Practical velocities are usually in the range 1-3 or 5 m/s, a pressure drop of 10 to 370 p.s.i. being expected for a hundred meter tube length of internal diameter 25 mm. One can aim for a velocity of say 3 m/s at the inlet end of a tube and 1 m/s at the outlet end. The inherent water flux is usually in excess of 1500 liters/m2 h at 22 p.s.i., but this is usually reduced by the addition of the pre-coat, to an extent dependent on the chemicals or substances used.
Table 1 provides information on module sizes for 25 mm internal diameter tubes as above, considering a 22 tube module. For experimental purposes, the filter of FIGS. 5 to 10 was used, the modules being mounted in a tank whose dimensions (diameter�height) are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________Tube length. m: 50 100 200Membrane area, m2 : 85 170 340Tank Dimensions, m: 1.7 � 1.2 2.2 � 1.2 3.0 � 1.2______________________________________
As an example, a batch concentration mode of operation is used, on the minimum exit velocity basis. The filter was as in FIGS. 5 to 7, the tank being 1.2 m high, the arrangement was as in FIG. 1, and the filter support was as in Example 1. Details are:
Design flow: 1000 m3 /d
Design flux: 250 l/m2.h (6 m3 /m2.d)
Design suspended solids (SS) in feed: 50 mg/l
Minimum tube velocity: 1 m/s
Water recovery: 98%
Parallel connection:
Calculated exit flow: 935 m3 /d (1 m/s)
Calculated inlet flow: 1915 m3 /d (2.1 m/s)
Membrane area: 163 m2
Tube length: 95 m
Pressure drop: 21 p.s.i.
Pressure range: 50 p.s.i. (inlet pressure)--29 p.s.i. (outlet pressure)
Final SS concentration: 2500 mg/l
By reducing the number of parallel tubes and increasing the tube length, the pumping volume would be reduced.
A small pilot unit was set up at a factory to treat factory effluent for the removal of organic matter and suspended solids. The effluent was dosed with 25 mg/l Fe+++ as ferric sulphate. The operating conditions were:
Filter: as in FIGS. 5 to 10
Filter support: as in Example 1
Membrane: self-formed
Inlet pressure=35 p.s.i.-62 p.s.i.
Outlet pressure=6 p.s.i. to 10 p.s.i.
Filter tube area=11 m2
The permeate flux was 250 to 320 l/m2 h under this range of operating conditions for a batch concentration of the feed to the filter of 7600 to 21500 mg/l suspended solids measured at the reject end of the filter. The permeate (product) contained less than 0.3 mg/l of suspended solids.
Other specific applications are:
treatment of activated sludge clarifier overflow with both domestic and factory effluent, prior to reverse osmosis;
treatment of cooling water blowdown prior to reverse osmosis;
treatment of oil refinery effluent with trace oil and colloidal/suspended particles, prior to reverse osmosis;
removal of colloidal iron from condensate loops (e.g. power stations with dry cooling);
treatment of pulp/paper effluents, e.g. calcium sulphite pulping wash liquor, paper machine clarifier overflow effluent, paper machine noodle effluent, pulp mill chlorination stage effluent, and paper machine wastewaters in general;
treatment of tannery effluents of three different types, namely from skin curing, from wet-blue tannery and from combined liming, lime wash and chrome wash effluents;
filtration of fermentation liquors;
treatment of yeast factory effluent;
treatment of textile polyester dyeing effluents;
treatment of printing effluents;
water treatment to remove inorganic constituents such as precipitated calcium and possibly magnesium hardness, when softening water;
phosphate removal;
packaged water supply units;
development into a low cost, partial salt rejection membrane system;
in an anoxic effluent treatment system, for denitrifying water (reducing nitrate concentration)--a biomass is developed aerobically by feeding a suitable organic compound such as methanol to a simple uniformly-mixed aerated fermentor seeded with e.g. activated-sludge; when the biomass has developed to a sufficient concentration, water containing the nitrate is fed and aeration is switched off, the organic compounds such as methanol feeding the oxygen demand of the biomass and reducing the nitrate ion to gaseous nitrogen; the biomass is separated by the filter of the invention and returned to the fermentor, the permeate being denitrified water;
replacing the sedimentation stage of an anaerobic contact reactor by the filter of the invention, in order to be able to operate with higher biomass concentrations and thus shorter detention times.
A specific flexibility test (SFT) was initially carried out on the fabric of Example 1 to determine the projecting or overhanging length which gave a droop angle or angle of inclination of 45�. It has now been appreciated that there is a similar test in British Standard (BS) 3356: 1961, the only significant difference in procedure being the adoption of a 41.5� angle of inclination. The SFT is therefore the test of BS 3356: 1961 substituting a 45� angle for the 41.5� of the BS test. However, the overhanging length is expressed as such wherein in the BS test the "bending length" is half the overhanging length. In the range concerned, the correlation seemed good, the BS bending length being equal to the SFT overhanging length divided by 2.1 (see Table 2 below). In Tables 2 and 3, the asterisked values are calculated on this basis.
British Standard 3356: 1961 (Method for the Determination of Stiffness of Cloth) describes a method for the determination of the bending length and flexural rigidity of textile fabrics by means of a fixed-angle flexometer. Flexural rigidity is therein defined as the ratio of the small change in bending moment per unit width of the material to the corresponding small change in curvature, in units of mg.cm. This quantity is a measure of stiffness, or resistance of the cloth to bending by external forces. Bending length is defined therein as the cube root of the ratio of the flexural rigidity to the weight per unit area of the fabric. Bending length is also described as being equal to the length of a rectangular strip of material that will bend under its own weight to an angle of 7.1�; and the units are in cm. Flexural rigidity is retained from the bending length and the weight per unit area of the fabric. The essential features of the fixed-angle flexometer are a horizontal platform having a slide with a graduated scale which indicates the bending length of the fabric which is placed upon the horizontal platform. Siting lines pass through the upper forward edge of the horizontal platform and are inclined at an angle of 411/2� below the horizontal, and are inscribed on transparent side pieces of the instrument. A rectangular strip of fabric is supported on a horizontal platform in a direction perpendicular to one edge of the platform. The strip is traversed in the direction of its length so that an increasing part overhangs and bends down under its own weight. When the tip of the specimen has through the edge of the platform and is inclined at an angle of 411/2� below the horizontal, the overhanging length is equal to twice the bending length of the specimen. The atmospheres required for conditioning testing are:
(a) for preconditioning--an atmosphere of relative humidity not exceeding 10% and a temperature not exceeding 50� C. (122� F.).
(b) for conditioning and testing--an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 65�2% and temperature of 20�2� C. (68�4� F.). Flexural rigidity is calculated separately for the warp and weft directions. Where C is the mean bending length, G is the flexural rigidity, W1 is the cloth weight in g/sq m, and W2 is the cloth weight in oz/sq yd,
G=0.10 W1 C3 mg cm
G=3.4 W2 C3 mg cm.
In the test, a rectangular strip of a single ply (or wall) of the filter support is cut (if there is a tube, so that the axis of the tube is parallel to the long side of the rectangle); if the seams are coated, the strip should be cut so as to include no coating. As such a strip will only give the "axial" bending length or overhang for a tube, estimates can be made of the flexibility in the direction at 90�, giving a transverse bending length or overhang. Preferably the "axial" and "transverse" flexural rigidities are roughly similar and it is preferred that one is not more than ten or five, but preferably three, times the other; more generally it is preferred that the flexural rigidity is roughly the same in all directions, the flexural rigidity in any direction preferably not being more than ten or five or three times that in any other direction. The diameter of the tube was too small to give proper test strips for transverse measurements, and estimates were made using strips cut across the array of tubes, comparing the bending with that of complete tubes in the axial direction--in each case, the tube was flattened with the opposing walls in contact. Table 4 expresses such results. No transverse result could be obtained for the fire hose, but it was believed that the transverse flexural rigidity was much greater than the axial flexural rigidity.
The test results expressed above do not eliminate the effect of the weight of the material. When concerned with a narrow range of weights, as in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this is not of great significance. BS 3356: 1961 explains how to obtain a weight-corrected value, namely the flexural rigidity. An equivalent SFT weight-corrected value or SFT rigidity can be obtained by the formula 0.1 W1 L3 where W1 is the weight in g/m2 and L is the overhanging length in cms. The original testing was carried out on a double-ply fabric of weight 434 g/m2 (single-wall weight 217 g/m2); the actual overhanging length was 40 mm but the preferred maximum was 80 or 100 mm; these lengths give preferred maximum BS bending lengths of about 38 or 48 mm (say 40 or 50 mm), maximum SFT rigidities of 11110.4 or 21700 (mg.cm) (say 11000 or 22000 (mg.cm)) and maximum BS flexural rigidities of 1191 or 2400 mg.cm (say 1200 or 2400 or preferably 2500 mg.cm).
Tables 2 to 4 below set out mean test results for four suitable samples and for a relatively flexible fire hose carcase. Samples A and B are as for Example 1 and Samples C and D were made as in Example 1 but woven with 22 tubes (and Sample C is of slightly differing weave). The strips cut were 200�25 mm.
TABLE 2______________________________________ B.S. SFT overhanging overhanging SFT/BS length mm length mm ratio______________________________________Sample A 38.0* 40.0 1.05*Sample B 52.1 56.0 1.07Sample C 48.5 51.4 1.06Sample D 69.3 72.9 1.05Fire hose carcase 77.9 81.2 1.04______________________________________
TABLE 3______________________________________B.S. B.S. SFTbending flexural overhanging SFTlength rigidity length rigidity Weightcm mg.cm cm mg.cm g/m2______________________________________Sample A 1.90* 149* 4.00 1389 217Sample B 2.60 368 5.60 3670 209Sample C 2.43 267 5.14 2526 186Sample D 3.46 868 7.29 8097 209Fire hose 3.90 5101 8.12 46150 862carcase______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________B.S. B.S. SFTbending flexural overhanging SFTlength rigidity length rigidity(tube) (tube) (tube) (tube) Weightcm mg.cm cm mg.cm g/sq m______________________________________Sample A 4.68 4449 9.68 39366 434tube(axial)Sample A 3.50 1861 7.20 16199 434tube(trans-verse)Fire hose 7.30 67533 15.9 697816 1736carcasetube (axial)______________________________________
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|Oct 2, 1972
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|Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft
|Mobile filtering apparatus for keeping patients under aseptic conditions
|Mar 2, 1976
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|Apparatus for separating solids from liquids or gas
|Aug 2, 1979
|Jan 27, 1981
|Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co.
|Filter element and method of use
|Jul 17, 1980
|Dec 8, 1981
|Sartorius Gmbh
|Device for the mass transfer between fluids
|Dec 2, 1981
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|Multichanneled diffusion device
|Mar 11, 1983
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|Spirally wrapped reverse osmosis membrane cell
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|Hydronautics, Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for increasing the cross-flow filtration fluxes of liquids containing suspended solids
|Title not available
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|Dahlheimer, et al., "Hyper Filtration", Industrial Engineering Chemical Process Design Development, vol. 9, No. 4, 1970, pp. 566-569.
|Dahlheimer, et al., Hyper Filtration , Industrial Engineering Chemical Process Design Development, vol. 9, No. 4, 1970, pp. 566 569.
|Engineers Australia, "New Process Treats Industrial Waste", Dec. 14, 1984, p. 40.
|Engineers Australia, New Process Treats Industrial Waste , Dec. 14, 1984, p. 40.
|Hardt, et al., "Solids Separation by Ultrafiltration for Concentrated Activated Sludge", Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, Dec. 1970, pp. 2135-2148.
|Hardt, et al., Solids Separation by Ultrafiltration for Concentrated Activated Sludge , Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, Dec. 1970, pp. 2135 2148.
|J. D. Henry, Jr., "Cross Flow Filtration", Recent Developments in Separation Science, 1972, vol. 2, pp. 205-225.
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|Modular multi-stage water filter apparatus
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|Microbar Incorporated
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|Conveyor ware washer
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|Imerys Filtration Minerals, Inc.
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|May 17, 2013
|Sep 27, 2016
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|Spiral crossflow filter
|Oct 23, 2002
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|George Binau
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
|Mar 11, 1986
Owner name: EPOC LIMITED, 6 ESTERBROOKE STREET, HIDE PLACE, WE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DOWNING, ANTHONY L.;SQUIRES, RODNEY C.;REEL/FRAME:004527/0642
Effective date: 19860306
|Oct 7, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 13, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 21, 1997
Owner name: BBV-EPOC LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EPOC LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:008478/0098
Effective date: 19950531
|Mar 14, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 20, 2000
|Surcharge for late payment
|Mar 20, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Zone Offroad 1-1/2" Body Lift Kit 03-05 Silverado/Sierra 1500
This 1.5" body lift is perfect to add just that little extra tire clearance that you need. Combine this body lift with a leveling kit and you have the perfect combination. The system relocates the front bumper to maintain a factory look. An optional rear bumper relocation system is available. Grade 10.9 body bolts are included along with Zone Offroad's Crush-Proof body blocks.
Important Notes!
-If optional rear bumper brackets are purchased. The rear bumper relocation system is for appearance only. The rear bumper cannot be used for towing after installation of the optional rear bumper relocation system.
-Will NOT fit Denali or 1500HD models.
Featured Technology & Benefits
-Front bumper relocated for factory look
-Grade 10.9 body bolts
-Much easier to install than larger body lifts
-Maintains factory ride
-No effect on towing ability
-Rear bumper relocation available
-Install Time Hrs: 3-4
-Difficulty Level 1-5: 2
Vehicle Make
Chevrolet / GM
Vehicle Model
Sierra 1500
Vehicle Year
2003, 2004, 2005
Special Fitment Notes
Manufacture Part Number
ZON C9153 Kit
Part Number
Free Shipping
Zone Offroad
Installation Difficulty
Installation Instructions
Not Available
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Message view
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|DO NOT REPLY [Bug 16194] - Copy should have an option to copy when file sizes are different
|Mon, 20 Jan 2003 18:37:40 GMT
DO NOT REPLY TO THIS EMAIL, BUT PLEASE POST YOUR BUG RELATED COMMENTS THROUGH THE WEB INTERFACE AVAILABLE AT <http://nagoya.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16194>. ANY REPLY MADE TO THIS MESSAGE WILL NOT BE COLLECTED AND INSERTED IN THE BUG DATABASE. http://nagoya.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16194 Copy should have an option to copy when file sizes are different ------- Additional Comments From firstname.lastname@example.com 2003-01-20 18:37 ------- To add weight to the argument, the main reason that this is needed is that if you use the copy task on a group of files, and it fails out on one of them because the file is locked open by another application, it will not copy the file. But it will, however leave a properly named and dated file in the copy destination. And now next time you copy, it will not copy this file. However, you have a file of size 0, where you should have the proper file. -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com>
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text:
Vicky.in shows the up-to-date CSD price list of Maruti Ritz in Chennai and collect Maruti Ritz CSD Finance details. People can be able to find the CSD prices for all four wheeler models. Find Maruti Ritz CSD prices in and around Chennai.
Looking for csd price of Maruti Ritz. Find it here. Ritz CSD price in Chennai indicated here includes registration,insurance,tax, and other charges. Ritz dealers may or may not include extended warranty in the csd price.
Maruti Ritz Price in Chennai
The Following variant(s) of Maruti Ritz car may not be available in CSD. Please check with your nearby CSD dealer for more details.
* Maruti Ritz csd price in Chennai indicated here is subject to changes. CSD price changes for different variant of the check. General offers and dealer offers may not have affected the Ritz csd price listed above. Customer who choose Maruti Ritz finance option may pay more. Contact Ritz CSD dealers in Chennai for accurate csd price.
Maruti CSD Dealers in Chennai
Abt Limited
No. 29, Whannels Road,Opp. Albert Theatre,Egmore
|View Details & Contact
Abt Limited Guindy
102, Mount Road,Guindy
|View Details & Contact
Cars India Pvt Ltd Crescent Auto Rental Services
Minimac Centre, 118 Arcot Road, Valsarawakkam,
|View Details & Contact
Cars India Pvt Ltd Crescent
No. 9,Cenotaph Road,Nandanam
|View Details & Contact
Indus Motors Co Pvt Ltd
Gulam Towers,46 To 49, Royepettah High Road,Mylapore
|View Details & Contact
Indus Motors Co Pvt Ltd Kattupakkam
Survey No: 206, Mt Ponnamalle Road,Next To Lcvks High School,Kattupakkam,
|View Details & Contact
Kapico India Private Limited
Old No 197, New No 309,P.H. Road,Kilpauk
|View Details & Contact
Khivraj Holdings Ltd
No. 7, Ist Avenue,Shastri Nagar,Adyar
|View Details & Contact
Khivraj Motors Ltd
623, Anna Salai
|View Details & Contact
Popular Vehicles And Services Ltd
Block J, Door No. 22,Iii Avenue,Anna Nagar
|View Details & Contact
Aadhi Cars
176/2 Sathy Road, Saravanampatty, COIMBATORE,
|View Details & Contact
Abt Ltd
C-20, Industrial Estate, 2nd main road, Ambttur,,
|View Details & Contact
Aie Cars A Unit Of Ai Enterprises Pvt Ltd
|View Details & Contact
Nexa - Popular Vehicles and Services
New No 15, Old No 9, 2nd Street Extension, 3rd Main Road, Cit Nagar, Near Buhari Hotel, Nandanam, Chennai
|View Details & Contact
Nexa - Khivraj Motors
Plot No.85, Fb-4, South Avenue Road, Sidco Industrial Complex, Ambattur, Chennai
|View Details & Contact
Nexa - Pillai and Sons
74, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Perungudi Next To Perungudi Toll Gate, Chennai
|View Details & Contact
Maruti Ritz CSD Price, Maruti Ritz CSD Price, Ritz CSD Price in Chennai, Maruti Ritz discounts in Chennai, Maruti Ritz finance


text:
Quirell is a currently in developement social network being developed by CollectQT. The core feature of Quirell is that its driven by the unique and varied relationships between people in diverse communities. We want to create an online platform that allows for an accurate representation of the ways you relate to people, while also promoting a safe and comfortable space.
Feature wise, Quirell takes a lot of cues from Facebook and Tumblr, and technically it is inspired by rstat.us and diaspora*
Quick start
Only works on Ubuntu, and only tested on Ubuntu 14.04. Any other system will need to follow the long form instructions
git clone http://gitlab.com/collectqt/quirell.git
cd quirell
bash bin/install
bash bin/start
python quirell
Go to http://localhost:5000 in your browser
Slightly less quick
Create a gitlab account and clone quirell via https or ssh
Important the install script is written for Ubuntu, any other system will need to install the requirements manually. The requirements are:
- python 3.4
- ruby 2.2
- redis
- neo4j 2.2.2
- python-pip, python-virtualenv, openjdk-7-jre
But if you are on Ubuntu, you can run the following command. Hit enter a few times to keep the default config options, and enter your password as needed.
bash bin/install
The install includes a section which activates the environment, but if you are running the code for a 2nd or 3rd time you'll have to activate the environment yourself
bash bin/activate
Start the required databases. This assumes that you aren't using custom ports or remote resources. If you are you'll have to add their location to ENV.yaml
bash bin/start
Finally, you can run the code with
python quirell
At this point you should be able to go to http://localhost:5000 in your browser and view Quirell !
When you are done working on things you probably want to turn off the local databases services, do that with
bash bin/stop
Anything you would ever want to help with is on the gitlab issues list. Although you probably want to look at the standalone issues, they're picked to be issues that one could easily work on without requiring a ton of knowable about the code base.
Try not to push to
develop if your changes make the tests fail! This command will run tests for you
Also if you have push access, the relevant git remotes are:
git remote add origin firstname.lastname@example.com:collectqt/quirell.git
git remote add github firstname.lastname@example.com:CollectQT/quirell.git
git remote add heroku firstname.lastname@example.com:quirell.git


text: WESTLAKE VILLAGE, Calif., Jan. 11, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Despite many new-vehicle owners saying their factory-installed navigation system is better than their previous system, navigation system satisfaction has declined from 2011, as owners are frustrated by the complexity of menu systems, voice control commands and inputting destinations, according to the J.D. Power and Associates 2012 U.S. Navigation Usage and Satisfaction Study SM released today. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20050527/LAF028LOGO-a) Now in its 14th year, the study identifies six factors that contribute to overall satisfaction with factory-installed navigation systems. In order of importance, they are ease of use; routing; navigation display screen; speed of system; voice directions; and voice activation. The study also measures quality by examining problems per 100 (PP100) vehicles, in which a lower score reflects higher quality. On average, satisfaction with navigation systems is 681 (on a 1,000-point scale), a 13-point decrease from 694 in 2011. Satisfaction declines in all factors, most notably in ease of use (637), which declines by 25 points year over year. As smartphones become more sophisticated in the functions they can perform, more owners are using them for navigation. In the 2012 study, 47 percent of vehicle owners indicate they use a downloaded app on their smartphone for navigation in their vehicle, compared with 37 percent in 2011. Notably, 46 percent of owners indicate they "definitely would not" or "probably would not" repurchase a factory-installed navigation system if their smartphone navigation could be displayed on a central screen in their vehicle. "Manufacturers of navigation systems face a serious challenge as smartphone navigation usage continues to rise and gains preference among vehicle owners," said Mike VanNieuwkuyk, executive director of global automotive at J.D. Power and Associates. "Free apps, up-to-date maps and a familiar interface allow for quicker routing and improved interaction, including better voice recognition. Manufacturers have a window of opportunity to either improve upon the current navigation system platforms or focus on new ways to integrate smartphones." The study finds that input and selection controls account for six of the top 10 most frequent problems owners experience with their factory-installed navigation system. The remaining four problems are the inability to read the text due to size or location; the map not showing enough street names; the system was slow to boot/connect; and the screen lighting not working properly.


text: The food was amazing and although it may take a small amount more than usual to prepare you can tell it's because it's all good quality sushi. No complaints whatsoever. Amazing food, amazing staff who is very sweet and accommodating. Went 3 times in a month and will definitely be back!


text:
A folding utility cart is an important tool that is used for lifting, loading and transporting items from one place to another. These carts being lightweight can easily be moved without much effort. Moreover they have the additional feature of being folded when not in use. The folding utility cart comes in a variety of shapes and sizes and a host of new and attractive colours. They can act as a major style statement when it comes to shopping. With new stylish looks and sleek designs, it is no wonder that the folding utility carts are being increasingly used by the masses.
The cost of a folding utility cart varies in the range of 40 to 300 dollars. However, apart from the initial costs incurred, there are a few other maintenance costs involved. The level of inflation in tyres should be checked at regular intervals so as to avoid any unwanted stress on the tyres of the cart. A properly maintained inflation level in tyres will also help transport the goods in a more stable state and also prevent any damage caused to them. A properly maintained folding utility cart is helpful in some other ways as well. The folding utility cart will ensure that we do not have to carry very weight ourselves. This will relieve us of any danger of our backs being sprained or being stressed.
A folding utility cart also known as a folding hand truck should be chosen based on one's preferences and the type of goods he is likely to transport. These folding utility carts are especially useful for old people since they can carry their required items in the utility carts without having to bear the load themselves. It is also useful for physically handicapped people who are otherwise unable to carry things around for their use. These folding utility carts are also available in various mesh or fabric styles that are not just convenient for use but also easy on the eye. A detailed variety of these utility folding carts are available in any standard folding cart store. The folding utility carts are usually made of high tensile stainless steel which is also anti corrosive. The stainless steel being of high tensile strength is of notable significance since it can support a wide range of loads. Moreover, the material being anti corrosive has a very long life and can sustain even harsh conditions.
In today's world of shopping malls and departmental stores these folding utility carts have proved to be instrumental in the smooth running of these places. The folding utility carts may also be equipped with additional pockets and racks to facilitate easy shopping and transporting of materials. The wheels may be designed so as to reduce any stress on the part of the user. The wheels may be equipped with efficient locking methods to prevent accidental rolling away of the cart. Altogether, with the amalgamation of the latest technology trends and stylish looks, it is no wonder that folding utility carts are a major success.


text: C2 is 10p and not 10nC3 is 15p and not 15n The battery symbol is up-side-downYou don't have any capacitor across the battery. Should be 22nThe 4k7 should be 10k to 22k The circuit has too much inductance and too little capacitance in the tank circuit. The inductance should be 5 or 6 turns and the capacitance should be 47p. See properly designed BUG circuits on Talking Electronics.com website.View Instructable »


text: Rideout Multi-Surgical Care Rideout Multi-Surgical Clinic is a reputable multi-specialty physician group that provides superior health care for the health and wellness needs of our patients. Our board certified surgeons are trained in advanced surgical techniques, including minimally invasive procedures. In addition to General Surgery we have surgical specialists in Urology and Hand Surgery. We accept most insurances including, Anthem Pers Select and Covered CA Anthem Blue Cross Pathways. Medical Professional: Urologist: John Wang, DO Physicians and surgeons providing services at the Rideout Clinic are not employees, representatives or agents of Rideout Hospital. They have contracted to provide services to their patients at the Clinic but are independent practitioners. Visit RideoutMultisurgical.org


text:
Guest reviews
Overall rating
Recent reviews
- All reviews
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The Alpine Retreat is situated in Queenstown, 2.4 miles from Lake Wakatipu. Free WiFi is offered throughout the property and free private parking is available on site. A flat-screen TV, as well as an iPod docking station are provided. Some rooms have a seating area where you can relax. Certain rooms include views of the mountain or lake. All rooms include a private bathroom. Extras include bathrobes, slippers and free toiletries. Superior rooms feature a spa bath or a sauna. There is a shared lounge at the property. Skyline Gondola and Luge is 3.1 miles from The Alpine Retreat, while Shotover River is 3.7 miles away. The nearest airport is Queenstown Airport, 7.5 miles from The Alpine Retreat.


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Hotel Villa La Bollina
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Continental Breakfast
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Room service
- Bar/lounge
Photos of Hotel Villa La Bollina
Travelers also looked at:
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
- Pets allowed
- Suites
- Continental Breakfast
- Room service
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel Villa La Bollina Serravalle Scrivia
Travel Blogs from Serravalle Scrivia
Leaving Venice this morning
We left the hotel at about 08:30 am and made our way to the Rialto Alilugano landing stage. The boat arrived on time and weset off....once again in a sea mist but not as severe as yesterday! Within an hour we were at the airport and soon in our car and on our way west to Savignone. We travel mostly on the autostrada so no photos until we are close to ...
Cinque Terre
... in the Magnificat view of the multicolored houses on the hills by the sa. The back to the train for another town of Mananorola. Here we had several hours for lunch and shopping. My had an excellent pesto pasta recommended the Gide We then returned to the train to Livorno. There the bus awaited us for the 45 minute mountainous drive to Genoa. Tomorrow we will tour Genoa and then to the Lake District This hotel is ...
Carbon copy repeat of a previous experience trying to sail into Portofino - rough seas meant it was too dangerous to tender ashore, so instead we docked in Genoa.
Having explored the city on that last visit, we chose to still take a shore excursion to visit the picturesque towns of Sestri Levante & Rapallo
Genoa And Milan Good Friday
Morning tour of Genoa on foot then on the bus to Milan for lunch and free time. Very busy in Milan, did some shopping, changed money got ripped off with exchange fees. Bought a top, socks and jacket in H & M. On the bus again to Lake ...
Serravalle Designer Outlet Shopping
... been to the US outlet at New York or San Fran felt it was much better there... We could still recall many of our gang panting and crazily buying at the last minute before the minibus depart.
Here, by noon most of us have almost done...seen what we wanted to see...
Surprise for myself.... I only bought 3 scarfs!!!
My review I posted to TripAdvisor:
We were looking for good buys in the luxury ...


text:
You missed it This great deal for Hott Cakez of Las Vegas is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
Related Deals That You May Like
Gamblers Cafe
$20 or $40 to Spend on Breakfast or Lunch
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Cookies, Cakes, and Gift Baskets from Cheryl's
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Pampas Churrascaria Brazilian Grille
Surf and Turf Dinner, or Lunch for 2 People
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Senor Frogs Las Vegas
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Hott Cakez of Las Vegas
Two ($18) or Three ($25) Dozen Gourmet Mini Cupcakes
Below the Mason-Dixon line, it isn't all genteel gentlemen and well-behaved belles. The spice of the South meets the glitz of Las Vegas at Louisiana baker Lacia McKee's Hott Cakez of Las Vegas. Taste the creative combo for yourself with today's deal: Fork over $18 for two dozen gourmet mini cupcakes (a $36 value), or spend $25 and up the ante with three dozen cupcakes (a $54 value).With six flavors to choose from -- Sexxy Redd, Chocolate Decadence, Lemonberrylicious, Luscious Coconut, Carrot Supreme, and Banana Caramel Rum -- there's a decadent treat to suit every taste. You'll be overcome by Southern sweetness when you snag this deal.
Want more? Check out Hott Cakez of Las Vegas on Facebook.
PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON May 29, 2022
PROMOTIONAL VALUE EXPIRES ON September 21, 2012


text:
|Homemade Bread Recipe
se properly.
|Step By Step bread dough rising
After the dough has doubled punch down the dough and turn out onto a lightly floured surface. Cut the dough in half and form into two loaves. Place the dough into two buttered bread pans.
|Step by step forming bread dough into a loaf
lted butter over the top.
Cool for ten minutes and turn out of pans and cool on a cooling rack.


text:
JPSC Recruitment 2015
JPSC has released an advertisement for recruitment in Jharkhand Public Service Commission. Get more updates on recruitmentinfosite.com . The advertisement number of the same is 05/2015. The aspirants must check the official notification to know about the job profile and eligibility criteria. The applications must be sent to its required destination on or before the closing date of application procedure. More details regarding the job profile is as follows:
Description of Job Profile:
Organization Name: Jharkhand Public Service Commission
Designation to be offered: The requirement is for the post of Deputy Director Prosecution
Number of Vacancy: The total number of job vacancy is 03.
Location of Job: Jharkhand
Dates for consideration:
1) The application process starts from 30th September, 2015
2) The process will be closed from 14th of October, 2015
All the interested applicants must apply for the post on or before the last date.
Requirement of Age: The age limit for the applicants is set as 40 years to 55 years dated 01st August, 2015.
Age relaxation will be given to the applicants of reserved categories as per the rules and regulations of the organization.
Academics requirements: The applicants must be a graduate in Law that is they must possess LLB with at least 10 years of work experience in the field related to it.
Salary Details: The pay scale of the selected candidates will be Rs 15,600 to Rs 39,100 with the Grade Pay of Rs 7600 per month.
Registration Fee: The application fee is to be made through the following mediums- Debit Card/ Credit Car/ Cash Card/ Net Banking/ Wallet. The application fee for applying against the job post is-
1) General/ OBC I and OBC II – Rs 450 /- and
2) SC/ ST- Rs 150 /-
Selection Pattern: Interview/ Viva Voca
Method to Apply: The application form can be filled online. For it, the aspirants have to visit the web page of Jharkhand PSC (jpsc.gov.in) before the last date.


text:
Acting as the ideal container for your blooming bedding plants, this Blacksmith 60cm wall trough makes an attractive adornment for any exterior wall. Manufactured by the renowned Gardman brand, this wall trough features a high quality wrought iron frame, protected from the elements by a durable epoxy coating. Including a coco liner, this Gardman wall trough is perfect for adding a decorative floral feature to your home at any time of year.
Important Features of the Gardman Blacksmith Heavy Duty Wall Trough:
Size: W60cm x H17cm x D19cm
Capacity: 19L Compost (Approx)
Colour: Black
Includes: Wall Trough and Coco Liner
Decorative Twist Detailing
Comes with a Coco Liner
Screws Not Included
More Info
Write Your Own Review
We offer two different delivery options for all of our products (delivery rates and services offered by marketplace sellers may vary):
Receive free standard delivery* on orders of £40 or more.
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Speedy Delivery (1-2 Business Days) - £8.99
Orders are dispatched Monday-Friday and you will receive an email notification as soon as your items have left us.
For further information on our available delivery options, click here to view our delivery section.


text:
SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
- Lectures 44
- Video 3 Hours
- Skill level all level
- Languages English
- Size: 506 MB
- Price:
246$– For You IS Free 😀
Course Description
Course launched in November 2015.
You will learn how to optimize your WordPress website using on-site and off-site SEO best practices that I use with my consulting clients throughout the United States and abroad.
Don't waste your time with other WordPress SEO courses that are outdated and only focus on simple concepts. This course is much more than a simple demonstration of Yoast's SEO plugin for WordPress . This course contains comprehensive strategies and techniques for ranking highly in organic search.
I have been executing SEO campaigns and developing custom WordPress solutions for over 6+ years. Now, I have spent countless hours preparing video lectures, slides and reference materials for Udemy so that you will fully understand how search engines work and how to improve your search engine rankings.
SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
This isn't a get-rich-quick scheme that promises #1 rankings overnight. Actually, it's the opposite. It is a tried-and-true approach to SEO I use with my clients.
This course features overview lectures in each section where I break down SEO concepts into layman's terms to help you understand how search engines work and why certain tasks are important. Then, you will see examples of best practices using free SEO tools available at no cost to you. Plus, you will get recommendations for professional tools that will save you time and money.
Check out the course topics below, and sign up for this class to get started.
SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
Course Topics include:
- SEO statistics and trends.
- How search engine rankings work.
- Search engine ranking factors.
- Conducting keyword research.
- Planning your website structure for maximum search engine visibility.
- Best practices in page structure.
- Creating custom page titles and meta descriptions with Yoast's SEO Plugin for WordPress .
- Blogging for SEO.
- Creating and submitting an XML sitemap to Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools.
- Mastering off-site Search Engine Optimization.
- Domain and Page Authority.
- Ways to build links.
- SEO Data and Reporting.
- Things to avoid that can get you penalized by search engines.
Plus, I will be updating this course with new lectures and bonus materials to keep you informed about new search engine optimization techniques.
SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
What are the requirements?
- WordPress Website or Blog
What am I going to get from this course?
- Over 44 lectures and 2.5 hours of content!
- Achieve higher organic search rankings on Google, Bing and Yahoo!
- Drive more traffic to your website or blog.
- Expert instruction from an internet marketing consultant
- Understand how search engines work
- Research popular keywords and effectively target your website content.
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SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
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Demo SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
Download SEO for WordPress Drive Traffic from Google Bing and Yahoo
Download From UploadBoy.Com
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text:
Head Gasket
How hard is this to replace? I've done it before on my vw, and that was easy enough, and recommendations?
If you done it on a Farfegnugen you can do the Jeep.What engine was in the VW?What symptoms are you having???
Only recommendations is to put all the head bolts and push rods back in the same place they came from.The best way to do so is get an empty box about the size of the head mark front and back to show front and rear of head then punch holes in the box to represent the head bolts and then holes to represent the push rods and number each hole for the bolts 1 thru 14 in the torque sequence.Also if your Jeep is 99 or above check the cast number of the head and if it is 0331 you will want to check the head real good for cracks between the 3 & 4 cylinder combustion chamber.If it is the 0630 you should be ok but either way I would send it off to be magnafluxed.
Depending on how much you weigh you might want to have a friend handy, that head weighs a tad more then a VW aluminum head, that puppy is cast IRON on the jeep. Depending on mileage it might be a good time to do some clean up on it as well as grinding the ports and such. If the head bolts are painted replace them, painted means someone had the head off once before and the bolts really should only be reused ONCE.
X2 I forgot to mention about the paint marks.If you do not see any paint on the bolts you will be good to go back with them.And yes the head weighs just over 70lb.
it's a 97 4 cyl. 5spd., 112k, she's leaking oil on the entire right side of the head, (side next to the manifold) nothing extreme but instead, consistant, i'm heading over to the shop soon to pick up the gasket. the bolts aren't painted, but here's another question, there's excess sealant coming from the side of the head which isn't leaking, its rubberized now and is red, any idea what sealant this is? silicone i think? i'm thinking about trying to do the same thing when i put in the new gasket. yea or nea?
forgot to ask, Richp, grinding the ports? could you explain that please? I'm not sure if i know what you mean.
so here's another one for anyone, i'm on a pretty tight budget, and was wondering if the pros would outweigh the cons of just replacing the gasket vs. buying the complete set of replacements including the gasket and valves for somewhere around $80.
With the head off, you can unload the spring on each valve and disassemble the valve train to properly clean this area. It involves using some valve lapping compound and simple - cheap wooden tool that has a suction cup attached.
You basically apply the compound between the mating surfaces of the valve and the head. Fasten the suction cup of the tool to the valve and using your two hands, spin the valve against the head to polish the surfaces until you get a tight fit.
It's a very inexpensive and very effective way to restore the mechanical seal of the valve train. If you buy a Haynes or Chilton's manual it will have this information. You can save yourself a bunch of cash if you do it yourself and it's very easy to do.
scratch the 70lb that is for the 6cyl.I would say the 4 cyl is a bit lighter.Oh and you said a lot of silicone comeing from the head ????You also said oil leak from the head???Are you sure it is the head and not just the valve cover gasket????The head should not have silicone hanging out of it!!!
my mistake, the leak isn't from the head, its coming from the valve gasket. Sorry for making it sound confusing.
Ok yeah that makes a little more sense now!!! Yeah you don't have nearly the trouble that I thought you had:D Anyway the valve cover is a pretty easy task.Most new gaskets are going to be rubber and do not need the use of silicone/RTV sealant.
Be a bit careful here, have a shop vac with a crevice tool handy and a plastic scraper, once the cover is off IMMEDIATELY get the shop vac going and get all the pieces that fell off before they can get into the return passages. At that point depending on the sludge build up start using the vac and scraper together to clean out the valve train area. Once you have that nice and clean then clean the valve cover. If any pieces get down into the return passages they will end up in the oil pan where the pump will pull them up and block the screen on the pickup.
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text:
A thousand moviegoers will get their minds monitored all at once
Movie promotion and science experiment, together at last.
David Byrne opens a neuroscience-themed art exhibit
And it's in the heart of Silicon Valley.
A newsletter a day keeps the FOMO at bay.
Religion and gambling have the same effect on your brain
A new study from the University of Utah finds spiritual euphoria is partly a Pavlovian response.
Duke hopes HoloLens will assist with tricky brain surgeries
The augmented reality headset guides doctors when CT scans and markers won't cut it.
3D imaging helps map tiny connections in the brain
MIT's new technique is far superior to looking through a typical microscope.
Researchers believe they've discovered 'anti-memories'
They could work to maintain your brain's delicate electrical balance.
Scientists predict human thought in real time, nearly every time
Researchers at the University of Washington tracked perception at the speed of thought.
ICYMI: Reading a fly's mind, real Minecraft phone and more
Big surprise: Fruit flies are happy to colonize your bananas
LED implants could ease your pain
You may one day turn off your pain by turning on tiny lights in your skin.


text:
Soleus HP2-15-50 SAFE Electric Tabletop Patio Heater
- Reviews
- Description
- Specifications
- Benefits
- Resources
The Soleus HP2-15-50 patio heater can be plugged into a standard household outlet and only pulls a minimal amount of electricity. You'll save tons of money and power with this heater.
The HP2-15-50 heater is not fan driven, so the heat isn't blown away. A built-in safety switch is included and this heat is safe enough to be used inside. It is lightweight and silent, making it perfect for an endless variety of situations.
Guaranteed Satisfaction.
- Up To 30 days to return your purchase
- Money back guaranteed
- Free return shipping
- No restocking fees
- Model: HP2-15-50
- Product Type: Tabletop Patio Heater
- Product Dimensions: L: 24.00" x W: 24.00" x H: 36.00"
- Product Weight: 19.00 lbs.
- Product Color: Silver
- Application: Ideal for heating your outdoor space
- Warranty: 1-year limited manufacturer's warranty
- Type: Patio Heater
- Fuel Type: Electric
- Coverage Area: 150 square feet
- Voltage: 120 volts
- Watts: 1500 watts
- Amps: 15 amps
- Frequency: 60 Hz
- Certifications: UL
- Style: Table top
- Construction: Metal
- Heat Settings: Yes
- Number of Heat Settings: 3
- Suitable for Commercial Use: No
- Safety Features: Weighted base
- Enjoy your backyard, deck or patio long after the summer is over.
- Is energy efficient and inexpensive.
- No costly propane tank to refill.
- Operates silently.
- Provides warmth while only consuming minimal energy.
- SAFE - Plugs into a standard electrical outlet.


text:
Disclaimer: Again with the me and the not owning.
Rating: PG-13, soon to be R-ish
Pairing: Don't get me started
Time line: Pretend "Orpheus" never happened, kay? This would start a few hundred years after that. I'll get into the Buffy timeline later.
A/N: Finally I have this chapter out. Now before I get bitch-slapped for "My Mother's Affair", this one's my baby and I've been very, very excited to get it started. I don't know which one will take priority, just depends on my extremely switchable moods.
Feedback: A necessary life-force
Dedicated: To nice people.
Chapter 1: Give or take a few hundred years later...
Whistler hated alleys. Particularly dark ones. Dark ones with evil things lurking about. And dirty ones. Whistler hated dark and dirty alleys with evil things lurking about. And of course, because Fate loves the irony, his destined-occupation usually required said alleys. A lot of them
This one had to be one of the worst, in any demention. The crumbling bricks surrounding it were covered with ash and alcohol, and the slightest tinge of blood could be smelled. Dust and dirt were piled on the cement, dumpsters overfilling and dead rats hidden in every nook and cranny. It was filled with death, with hopelessness, all emanating from one shriveled up shell, hiding behind the dumpster.
He tried to force the memories away as they flashed across his mind, as well as the overwhelming sense of deja-vu. With a pang in his heart, he remembered the first time he had to do this, when things were just a little bit simpler. Or as simple as the war between Good and Evil could get. But looking at that, thing, laying by the back of the alley, he couldn't help but wish things were different. That everything was different. He used to like this world; beautiful girls, gambling, a bright sun and blue sky. Now it was just... dark. Like the alley.
Pushing his thoughts aside, Whistler took a few steps forward, trying not to cringe from the scent. The poor huddled-up mass didn't take notice as the demon walked towards him, too hardened to care. Probably didn't even have the will to walk out into the sun (if it still burned). Well, time to get back to work.
"Christ that's an interesting smell," said Whistler, "You've got the whole 'stench-of-death- thing going on here, don't ya?"
No response.
"Right, well, just remember that hygiene is important. 'Specially when you're around those with keen senses," Whistler felt like he was reading from a script, nearly word for word from the last time.
"Leave... me... a.. lone," the voiced rasped, the bundle of blankets he was under shifting slightly.
"Oh, no can do. See, I've got a mission for ya, one that you really don't have a choice in."
"Not... interest..ed."
Whistler sighed. "Hey now, you haven't even heard my offer and you're already walking out on me? You, my friend, lack commitment. Don't worry, we'll work on that."
Slowly the blankets slipped away, and a pale and rotten face peered above the edges. Whistler sucked in a deep breath at the sight, not expecting him to be as far gone as he was.
"What," he hissed, "part of no... do you... not... understand?"
Shrugging, Whistler replied "Quite honestly? The no part. Actually I'm just ignoring that part. Listen, this place is obviously not the best location to negotiate, and I'm in the mood for a hot-dog." Leaning down, Whistler got as close as he dared to the figure. "So why don't you say we high-tail it outta here and get something to eat? And try not to forget you-having-no-choice-in-the-matter deal, alright?"
Agitated, the man sat up to a crouch, allowing himself to look Whistler in the eye. Listen...to me," he cleared his throat, continuing "I don't know... who you are. And... I don't fucking... care!" He tried to sit up, his ice blue eyes striking into Whistler as his frail body hissed and moaned. "And... in case you haven't...notic..ed...I... can't do shit for...you right now. And a god...damn...hot-dog...will not help!"
"Oh no, my friend," Whistler replied, "I fear you are too far gone for hot-dog treatment. Lets just take a walk," he looked him over, "... if you can."
Slowly, 'Too slowly', Whistler waited impatiently as the former man stood up, his legs barely holding him. "Will...you...leave me... alone... if I do?"
"Fine. But if I go, They'll send someone else for ya. Someone much less attractive than myself."
The figure snorted. "Lets go...then."
The two walked quietly on the even quieter streets. Whistler remembered when Chicago was a bustling mass of people, but now even the windiest city was suffocating. There was no one, not human at least. A few demons every now and then, but they were almost as pathetic as his companion and barely registered as a threat. Turning down a few streets, they came to what used to pass as a bar, but was more of a shack now. Going in, they were completely ignored by the patrons as they took a seat, Whistler's "friend" still covered with his blankets and his lungs rasping.
"Hey," Whistler said, "Why are ya breathing so hard? Don't tell me it's an act."
He looked at him, his mouth curving horribly upward in what used to be a handsome smile. "Starvation...dumbass...can't regulate...body...as well with..out...blood."
"Yeah, starvation. We'll work on that too. Oy," he called to a demon/waitress, "can we get a pint of O-pos and a hot-dog? Preferably not raw." The waitress raised her three eyebrows up, her red skin glinting off the light as she walked away for their order.
Turning back to his new buddy, Whistler said "So, whaddya say we get back to business? Lets start with why you're here." Reaching into his jacket, he pulled a large manila folder labeled 'William Wedgeton/William the Bloody/Spike/Hostile 17/Big pile of dust/champion/lost'. "Look at this thing," Whistler began, "it's gotta be four inches thick, and you haven't done much the past couple of centuries. Anyway, here's the summary. Basically Destiny has sent you a fairly crappy deal. As evident by your crappy smell." Whistler ignored his glare. "You lost the woman you loved, actually all the women you've ever loved. But that's missing the point. You were a gentle soul, turned into a vicious creature, then neutered, then soulful again, then dead, then alive, and now you're homeless. Not exactly full circle, but you've had some mighty obstacles in your way." Opening up the folder, Whistler pulled out a picture that made the other shake. "Ah yes, the last true slayer. She really was prettier than the last one. And you didn't save her. Or couldn't, could you?"
The figure looked away, rustling the blankets. Whistler tried to ignore the guilt that crept alone his spine. He knew what bad memories he was bringing up in the vampire across him, but he also knew that this was necessary. The world literally depended on it. Whistler depended on it.
"Nope," he continued, "You just let that blood-sucking fiend suck the blood from her, pushing the world into chaos."
The vampire snarled in anger. "I did not ...LET... him take...her. She...Buffy...she let him. I couldn't...save her even...if I...could!"
Whistler tilted his head, examining the former William the Bloody. "You're right, I'm sorry, please accept my deepest apologies. 'Cuz either way we were screwed. The whole army of light was, and yes, she was that important. Buffy Summers was The Slayer. Capital T. Capital S. In fact, you might as well capitalize the rest of the words, she was the Powers That Be's greatest champion, the only one to keep chaos at bay. Losing her..." he faded, taking a deep breath, "But that's all in the past, isn't it?"
Spike peered up at Whistler, "Then why... do you...keep bringing...up mine?"
"Because," Whistler said, looking deep into the vampire's dead eyes, "I'm giving you another chance to save her."
One month later, give or take a few days, in another city somewhere...
Spike stood in shock, nearly collapsing against the tree he was hiding behind. He watched as she bounded down the stairs, at least sixteen, (she should be older), carrying a few groceries with a sword at her side. In this world, you could never be too careful.
But Spike was less surprised by the dangerous-looking blade and more by the girl that should not have been able to wear that cross around her neck. Yet there she walked, blonde hair, green eyes, same face, same live body (one Spike knew well), same... "Buffy," he whispered.
Same day, give or take a few hours, in the City of Angels...
She missed the hunt, she decided, she missed it a lot. Oh sure, it was fun to have humans locked up in cages, available whenever she needed. She liked being spoiled, and Angelus saw to it that she got everything she ever wanted. Hell, she had her own fucking city, with no laws. But it still didn't make up for the chase, for the blood lust. To watch your prey's hind end running with fear, their veins singing to you.
Oh well, hopefully that'll all change soon. Buffy smiled, her forehead morphing into its familiar ridges as she looked out across the balcony. After all, revenge tends to get the blood running.


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Lifetime Mobile Aluminum 48 Pan Pizza Double Rack 16in Pans
PVI Food Service | Model: LPZ2516DB
PVI Food Service LPZ2516DB Specifications
This item ships brand new, direct from the manufacturer.
Manufacturer Information
72 lbs.
19 in.
32 in.
73 in.
Shipping Information
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