text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 25, 1997
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 1995
|Priority date
|Jun 18, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John Francis Hagman, Robert Joseph Statz
|Original Assignee
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (58), Classifications (25), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This Application is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/345,349, filed Nov. 21, 1994, now abandoned, which is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/077,581, filed Jun. 18, 1993 and now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to novel, soft, flexible ethylene copolymer ionomer compositions which have very high resilience. The compositions are useful particularly as component materials in golf balls as well as other uses where high resilience is desirable. The materials can be useful as a primary polymeric material for one-piece golf balls, for centers and cores, and as cover materials for golf balls. The ionomers are copolymers of ethylene, a softening comonomer and (meth)acrylic acid, neutralized with magnesium or lithium. As golf ball materials they possess a combination of flexibility and high resilience. This is an ideal property combination for materials used alone, in blends with other ionomers, or filled, for various parts of a golf ball.
2. Description of Related Art
Ethylene copolymer ionomers based on copolymers of ethylene with (meth)acrylic acid, and optionally a third monomer which could be any of a vast range of monomers, specifically including vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate, were first disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,264,272 (Rees). The list of metal ions disclosed as possible neutralizing ions. included metals of groups I, II, III, IV-A and VIII of the Periodic Table, including Na, K, Li, Cs, Ag, Hg, Cu, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and many more. Ionomers with a third monomer exemplified included ethylene/vinyl acetate/methacrylic acid neutralized with sodium and magnesium, and ethylene/methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid neutralized with sodium.
The use of `soft`, flexible ionomers, softened by such a third monomer, only became of commercial interest around 1987. Alkyl acrylates are the preferred softening monomers, vinyl acetate producing a less stable polymer. The employment of n-butyl acrylate as a softening monomer in terpolymer ionomers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,981 (Statz). This patent lists the possible neutralizing ions as those of groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IVa, VIb and VIII of the periodic table, such as Na, K, Zn, Ca, Mg, Li, Al, Ni and Cr.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,939 (Cadorniga et al.), filed Dec. 21, 1993, discloses soft lithium ionomers and blends of such ionomers with hard ionomers. The parent case of which this present application is a continuation-in-part, which was filed Jun. 18, 1993, (i.e., prior to this reference), discloses lithium and magnesium soft ionomers and blends with hard ionomers.
Many other patents have referred to bipolymer and terpolymer ionomers of various metals, also in a general way. No terpolymer ionomer using an alkyl acrylate with (meth)acrylic acid and neutralized with either lithium or magnesium is known to have been specifically disclosed or exemplified. References to them are merely of the shotgun type, such as those described above.
Golf balls have certain measurable properties which, directly, strongly affect play characteristics. Most important of these are resilience and compressibility. High resilience increases the length a golf ball can be driven and compressibility increases the playability in terms of `spin` and `feel`. Resilience and compressibility can be measured for the material itself, by testing a sphere of the material. These material properties can affect golf ball play characteristics when the material is used as a material in a one-piece ball, to form the center of a three-piece ball, the core of a two-piece ball, or to form the cover of a ball. For ionomers these two properties, resilience and compressibility, tend to be inversely related. Thus a highly resilient material is generally a harder, less compressible material, and vice versa. There has always been a search for a material which is better than previously known materials with respect to this relationship, or lower cost, or having additional advantages along with a similar balance of these properties.
One characteristic, in relation to golf balls, not related directly to the playability but to the general utility of a ball, is the ball's durability in use. Poor durability is manifest in ball cracking, and cracking at low temperatures is a particular problem. The properties of the material itself will affect golf ball durability significantly when the material is used for one-piece balls or for golf ball covers. They may be less important, but not completely irrelevant, for cores and centers. Balata was an early preferred golf ball cover material because it imparted good spin characteristics with some resilience, as well as good Compression molding characteristics. However Balata covers impart very poor cut resistance to a ball. Ionomers, which generally impart better durability, soon began to take over a significant portion of the market, most particularly for cover materials.
There are a large number of patents relating to use of ionomers as golf ball cover materials, almost all of which are concerned with ionomer blends. These are based on the disclosure that, for certain desirable characteristics, blends show synergistic behavior over single ionomers. Two distinct types of ionomer blends have been disclosed. The first type of blend is that of ionomers neutralized with different metals, and the second is that of blends of hard bipolymer ionomers with soft terpolymer ionomers. The second type of blend may also include the first type of blend; that is to say the soft ionomer may use a different metal ion from the hard ionomer. Interspersed with these combinations is the use of a particular acid as the acid comonomer, generally methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. In some cases, either of these acids has been disclosed as being preferred over the other for some particular utility. In addition, the mount of acid comonomer may have preferred limits, with increasing emphasis on high levels of acid to achieve high resilience. Examples of these patents or publications include the following.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,768 (Molitor) disclosed blends of sodium and zinc hard bipolymer ionomers as cover material. Zinc was shown to improve durability in terms of `cold-crack` resistance. Sodium is generally particularly poor with regard to cold-crack durability.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,884,814 (Sullivan) and 5,120,791 (Sullivan), the former terminally disclaimed with respect to the latter, both disclose blends of hard bipolymer and soft terpolymer ionomers, the second patent limiting the soft terpolymer ionomer to acrylic acid based ionomer. The hard ionomers are disclosed as sodium or zinc ionomers, with lithium and magnesium also disclosed in the second patent. The soft ionomers in both are limited to sodium and zinc ionomers. The preferred compositions are sodium zinc blends.
Patent publication WO 95/00212, published Jan. 5, 1995 is the published application of the parent case of the present application. It discloses other blends of hard and soft ionomers. It discloses that the ions used to neutralize soft ionomers may be sodium, zinc, magnesium and lithium. No magnesium or lithium soft ionomers are exemplified.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,571 (Statz et al.) discloses blends of hard ionomers of zinc, lithium, sodium and magnesium. Blends of zinc and lithium hard ionomers of high acid copolymers are disclosed as having optimum resilience. The presence of magnesium was shown to be a disadvantage for obtaining the highest resiliency in any blend with any or all of zinc, lithium and sodium ionomers. The polymers disclosed are very hard however, and do not generally fall within the range of flexibility or compressibility of interest for the polymers of the present invention.
Ionomers are disclosed for use as one polymer component of a filled three polymer blend useful for centers, cores and one-piece golf balls in U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,157 (Statz et at.). Both terpolymer and bipolymer ionomers, with various metal ions, are disclosed for use as part of the polymer blend, but bipolymers are preferred in each type of use. Sodium and lithium hard bipolymers are the only polymers exemplified. The ionomers form only one polymer component of a three polymer blend which also included a non-ionomer thermoplastic and an ethylene glycidyl monomer copolymer which acts as a compatibilizing agent for the other two polymers.
In general, lithium ionomers are harder than sodium or magnesium ionomers and zinc produces the softest ionomers. Lithium and magnesium hard ionomers are known, and lithium is a preferred hard ionomer for certain uses. Generally, a virtually unlimited number of ionomer compositions is possible, with any metal, either methacrylic or acrylic or other suitable carboxylic acid, at any level and, for terpolymer ionomers, almost every possible softening monomer. Also possible is an equally unlimited number of blend possibilities. The number of possible compositions, based on combinations of the above variables is enormous. The number which possess particularly desirable qualities is however far more limited. Soft ionomers using an alkyl acrylate softening monomer, methacrylic acid or acrylic acid as the acid, and lithium and magnesium as the neutralizing ion do not appear to have ever been made prior to the present invention. Thus, while broadly disclosed among a vast range of possible ionomers, there has been no recognition that such ionomers were worth making or that they might possess unique properties compared with other ionomers.
There remains a continuing need for soft ionomers, particularly for use as a component in golf balls, which provides the playability imparted by a softer material, yet which imparts an improved level of resilience compared with known soft ionomers. There is also a need for such an ionomer which can impart some of its resilience/playability advantage when blended with hard ionomers when used as a component in golf bails.
The invention resides in the discovery that lithium and magnesium ions used as the ion in soft ionomers produce ionomers which can show a major increase in the level of compressibility for a given level of resilience or, conversely, a higher level of resilience for the same compressibility. This discovery is magnified even more strongly with acrylic acid ionomers than with methacrylic acid ionomers.
Specifically, there is provided a composition, comprising: a soft, flexible ionomer having a neat-sphere PGA Compression below about 155, prepared from a terpolymer which is a first acid copolymer of a) ethylene, b) from 3 to 40 weight percent of an alkyl acrylate, the alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and c) from 5 to 25 weight percent of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, preferably acrylic acid, the ionomer being made by neutralizing 20 to 80 percent of the acid groups of the acid copolymer with magnesium or lithium ions.
In a further embodiment, the invention provides blends of as low as 10 weight percent of above ionomer, based on the blend, with a hard ionomer having a flexural modulus of from 40,000 to 110,000 psi, prepared from a bipolymer which is an acid copolymer of ethylene and from 5 to 25 weight percent of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, the ionomer made by neutralizing 20 to 80 percent of the acid groups of the acid copolymer preferably with magnesium ions, but also with lithium or sodium ions, provided the neat-sphere PGA Compression of the blend does not exceeed 155. In the case of sodium hard ionomers, there is no more than 50% hard ionomer.
In yet a further embodiment, the invention provides a one-piece golf bail, or core or center made from the above ionomer or ionomer blend, having sufficient inorganic filler to provide a suitable density for the finished ball.
In still a further embodiment, the invention provides a golf ball cover comprising either the above soft ionomer or blend of soft ionomer and hard ionomer.
FIG. 1 is a plot of PGA Compression versus COR measured on neat-spheres, showing compositions within the invention compared with other compositions. FIG. 2 is a similar plot for the same properties, but measured on golf balls having the compositions as cover material.
In this disclosure, the term copolymer is used to refer to polymers containing two or more monomers. The term bipolymer or terpolymer refers to monomers containing only two or three monomers respectively. The phrase `copolymer of` (various monomers) means a copolymer whose units are derived from the various monomers.
The ionomers of this invention are prepared from `direct` acid copolymers, that is to say copolymers polymerized by reacting all monomers simultaneously, as distinct from a graft copolymer, where a monomer or other unit is grafted onto an existing polymer, often by a subsequent polymerization reaction. Methods of preparing ionomers are well known, and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,264,272, (Rees) which is hereby incorporated by reference. Methods of preparing the acid copolymers on which the ionomers are based is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,931, which is also incorporated by reference hereby.
The materials of this invention, while useful for other purposes are particularly useful as materials for use in golf balls. This disclosure emphasizes the particular properties of interest in that end use, the excellent properties so revealed showing the uniqueness of these ionomers. In view of the large difference in the particular properties measured from other ionomers, it is believed that other characteristics or properties which related to other particular end uses will also be unique, and thus the compositions will, in many cases, be advantageous for other end uses.
There are different types of golf balls, suited to different levels of playing skill and playing conditions. One goal has been to emphasize resilience, since higher resilience corresponds to greater driving length. Higher resilience is associated with harder balls. Softer balls generally have higher playability or spin. A holy grail has always been to have the best of both worlds, high resilience and high spin. Thus if a softer ball could be made with higher resilience than hitherto, it would be highly desirable. The present invention is directed to softer materials and softer golf balls with high resilience.
A common measure of resilience in the golf ball industry is the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of the ball. The COR of a `neat-sphere` of a material however can be a useful guide to the utility of that material for golf ball use, particularly for one-piece balls, but also to covers and even, to some extent, to the material's utility as a component of cores, and centers of balls. However, the COR on a ball clearly depends on the nature of the core, and thus careful choice of the core is necessary.
Because determination of COR has been carried out under a bewildering variety of conditions, comparison with much of the patent or other published data, is difficult. For any particular method however, comparisons of various materials can be meaningfully made using measurements on `neat-spheres` of the resin. The phrase neat-sphere in this disclosure means spheres molded from the resin alone, without filler or additive.
A good correlation of `playability` or `spin` of a ball may be made using a test referred to as `PGA Compression`, which is a standard industry test. It may be carried out on neat-spheres and, like COR, such a determination will be the best characterization of the nature of the material itself. Perhaps confusingly, high values of the numbers referred to as PGA Compression correspond to high hardness and stiffness, or lower compressibility. Use of the word `Compression` in relation to the PGA test and the general term `compressibility` should not be confused, since they are inversely related.
The soft ionomers or ionomer blends of this invention will have a PGA Compression value below about 155, based on neat-resin sphere determinations. For golf ball materials, values above 155 are generally too high for the material to provide balls with good spin. Preferably, the materials have a PGA Compression value below about 140. Resins of this invention, with PGA Compression in the 80 to 120 range show the biggest advantage compared with prior art materials. Materials with higher PGA Compression values are in general stiffer, higher modulus materials. While there is no precise correlation between flexural modulus and PGA Compression, resins with flexural modulus of 35,000 psi will have a PGA Compression in the 130 to 160 range. The increased resilience at a given PGA Compression value seen in the materials of this invention may diminish at PGA values above about 130, and above 155 there may be no advantage over conventional prior art ionomers and ionomer blends.
As noted, one other quality is always desirable, and often essential, and that is durability of the material in golf ball structures. Typically this is measured on a finished golf ball, having a cover made of the material, using a repeated impact test, including tests at low temperature. Determination of durability on a neat-sphere is generally not so definitive because of the inherent toughness of many neat resins. The durability measured on spheres consisting of neat resin and filler would, of course, be relevant for one-piece balls. Without at least some durability in a finished ball, high COR and low PGA Compression may be almost without value.
It has now been found, surprisingly, that lithium, the ion which makes the hardest and stiffest of all ionomers, all else being equal, is ideally suited to make an excellent soft ionomer. Magnesium, which also makes one of the harder ionomers, is also ideally suited to make an excellent soft ionomer. Soft ionomers of terpolymer acid copolymers neutralized with these ions have now been found to result in a much improved balance between low PGA Compression and high COR resilience compared with prior art materials. Soft lithium are generally preferred over soft magnesium ionomers in single ionomer compositions used for golf ball construction.
These soft ionomers can also form part of a soft ionomer/hard ionomer blend provided the resulting PGA Compression of the ionomer blend remains below about 155. Typically, this will correspond to a flexural modulus below about 35,000, but the highest flexural modulus is not limited to this value, and may in some cases exceed it. When either soft ionomers alone or soft/hard blends are used in golf ball construction, whether for cores, centers, or one-piece balls, and fillers are used to modify the density of the material to produce a ball with acceptable weight or density, the flexural modulus of the filled material may often exceed 35,000 psi. The PGA Compression of the untilled material used in the blend however should be below about 155.
The acid copolymer precursors of the soft ionomers of this invention are copolymers of ethylene, from 3 to 40 weight percent of alkyl acrylate, whose alkyl group has from 1 to 8 carbons, and from 5 to 25 weight percent of methacrylic or acrylic acid, preferably from 5 to 15 weight percent. The preferred alkyl acrylate is n-butyl acrylate. It is to be understood that there can be more than one alkyl acrylate and both acrylic and methacrylic acid present, provided the percent limits for alkyl acrylate and acid are met. For this reason, the generic term copolymer is used rather than terpolymer, in referring to the claimed compositions, because terpolymer implies just three monomers. It is also to be understood the acid copolymer may be a blend of different soft acid copolymers having differing levels and/or species of either the softening comonomer, the acid or both. The term `soft acid copolymer`, `soft flexible ionomer` and the like, encompasses this possibility. Many preparations of copolymers are sufficiently non-uniform in comonomer content from molecule to molecule that such `copolymers` are, in effect, blends anyway.
Below 3% softening comonomer insufficient softening (modulus reduction) occurs, and above 40% the polymer and resultant ionomer is too soft. From 10 to 30 percent is preferred. Acrylic acid in the soft acid copolymer leads to somewhat more resilient soft ionomers, and is generally preferred.
The total percent neutralization of the acid groups present for magnesium or lithium ions, or both, is from 20 to 80%. Preferably the level is from 25 to 65% and most preferably from 30 to 60%. The modulus of the resulting ionomers will typically be about 5000 to 35,000 psi. The modulus will be higher for lithium than magnesium, and will increase with the level of acid. The modulus will be lower the higher the amount of alkyl acrylate. The modulus of the soft lithium and magnesium ionomers prepared here, ranged from about 5000 to 27000 psi, but it is readily possible to prepare magnesium and lithium terpolymer ionomers with a modulus up to 35,000 psi, and even higher. Certain terpolymer ionomer compositions can be made, such as ones with very high acid, particularly acrylic acid, using lithium ions and with low amounts of alkyl acrylate which will give higher than 35,000 psi flexural modulus. However, provided the PGA Compression of neat-spheres of the ionomer is below about 155, it will be suitable. It is readily within the skill of the artisan to determine which combinations of monomers, neutralization level and acid type will produce ionomer within the required neat-sphere PGA Compression limits.
In the prior art, it has been common often to refer to `soft` ionomers as possessing a flexural modulus below about 10,000 psi and to `hard` ionomers as those with modulus above about 30,000 psi. In this disclosure, the terpolymer ionomers with a softening alkyl acrylate termonomer are still referred to as `soft` even when the flexural modulus is much higher. As noted above, the soft ionomers of this invention can have a flexural modulus of 35,000, and even in some cases above this.
Typically, to achieve modulus values in the region of 35,000 psi, so that the neat-sphere PGA Compression of the ionomer is as high as 155, using prior art soft ionomers such as zinc or sodium soft ionomers it would generally be necessary to blend with a hard ionomer. However, it can be seen from the modulus values in Table 1, that when lithium and magnesium are the neutralizing ions, the flexural modulus values can be considerably higher than those of old art zinc and sodium soft ionomers. For this reason, soft ionomers of the present invention are useful alone, even though they may be blended with hard ionomers, as herein defined. The resilience advantage at a given PGA Compression value in the soft ionomers however, could mean that higher stiffness soft ionomers alone would give as good properties as blends of comparable stiffness. Blending however can offer cost and various other advantages, and in practice, often as much hard ionomer as possible, concommitant with a given level of overall stiffness has been preferred in the past. Blending with hard ionomers could however dilute the resilience advantage at a given PGA Compression value that these unique soft ionomers offer.
Resins within the whole modulus range will be suitable for use in various parts of a golf ball. For covers, the modulus should be preferably above 10,000 psi. and more preferably above 15,000, irrespective of whether using a single soft ionomer or a soft/hard ionomer blend. When the soft ionomer has a modulus much below 10,000 psi, for cover materials it is therefore preferable to blend with a hard ionomer so the final modulus falls within the range 10,000 to 35,000 psi or even somewhat above.
When the soft ionomer is blended with hard ionomer, there should be at least 10 percent soft ionomer, preferably above 25 percent or the advantages of the particular soft ionomers of this invention will not be realized, or will be considerably diluted.
The hard ionomers which may be blended with the soft ionomers are derived from acid copolymers of ethylene and from 5 to 25 weight percent acid where the acid is methacrylic or acrylic acid, or both, preferably from 10 to 22 weight percent. It is to be understood that the hard ionomer may be a blend of more than one hard ionomer each having different levels of and/or different acids in them, just as for the soft ionomer. The term `hard acid copolymer`, and `hard stiff ionomer` and the like, encompasses this possibility.
When the composition is a hard ionomer/soft ionomer blend, it is preferable for the hard ionomer to have a higher level of acid than the soft ionomer. Higher acid increases the hardness, so that to produce a blend having a specific final blend modulus, the higher the acid level in the hard ionomer, the less of it will be required in the blend. The modulus may range from 40,000 to 110,000 psi. In general, when the composition is a blend containing hard ionomer, the harder or higher modulus the hard ionomer, whether due to acid level, acid type, neutralizing ion or degree of neutralization, the greater the amount of soft ionomer possible in the blend, for a given final blend modulus. Since it is the softer terpolymer ionomers which are here clearly shown to have such an attractive balance of PGA Compression and COR, it may be that the more magnesium or lithium soft ionomer, the higher the resilience, at a given PGA Compression level. The neutralizing ion of any hard ionomer used in a blend is preferably magnesium or lithium but may also be sodium.
Melt index of either the soft or hard ionomers can be from about 0.1 to 30 g/10 min., preferably 0.1 to 10 and most preferably from 0.1 to 6. The melt index of the acid copolymers from which the ionomers are derived may be from about 20 to 350 g./10 min.
When the compositions of the invention are blends, the preferred blends are lithium soft/magnesium hard. Magnesium/magnesium and lithium/lithium blends are also attractive. Magnesium soft/lithium hard blends are generally less preferred, and one such blend showed a diminished resilience advantage compared with the reverse blend. It is not clear why this should be so. However, the preferred soft resins, and those used in the examples, have less acid than the hard resins. Therefore, for a given percent of acid groups neutralized they will have less equivalents of metal present. Thus the number of equivalents of lithium in magnesium soft/lithium hard blends will be higher, when there is more acid in the hard ionomer, than in lithium soft/magnesium hard blends. For blends containing both lithium and magnesium ions therefore, it seems that a higher level of magnesium equivalents is preferable.
As noted, the hard ionomer may also be a sodium ionomer. However, when sodium hard ionomer is blended, there should be 50 weight percent or less of it. Zinc ionomers have, in some instances, shown good properties in blends with lithium soft ionomer though, in general, zinc hard ionomer has not shown as great an advantage.
It has commonly been assumed that ions in an ionomer blend are almost completely labile, and move freely from polymer chain to polymer chain. This may be true for a blend of two ionomers based on the same acid copolymer. However, without commitment in any particular way, it may not be completely true in blends where the underlying acid copolymers of the two ionomers are very different, such as with soft and hard ionomers. Of course, this will be of no consequence if the metal of the soft and hard ionomer are the same. It may be of more consequence when the ions are different. The ions originally associated with the soft ionomer, may, to some extent, tend to remain more associated with the soft ionomer in a blend, and this may produce blends with different properties than blends having the reverse ions in the soft and hard components. However, when the underlying acid copolymer is different, it may merely mean that higher intensity blending is required, such as very high shear extrusion blending, to achieve random distribution of ions throughout the whole composition. In any event, in practice, it has been found that there is a difference in properties in soft/hard blends, when the ions for the soft and hard ionomer are reversed.
When the ionomers or ionomer blends of this invention are to be used for one-piece balls, or for cores or centers of balls, metal oxides or other inert inorganic fillers will need to be added to achieve a density so that the ball weight is within a normal weight range for a golf ball. Fillers such as zinc oxide and barium sulfate are suitable, though any inert inorganic filler can be used. The final density of a ball should be within the range 1.115 to 1.135 g/cc. For one-piece balls therefore, the amount of filler should produce about this density in the material. Cores and centers form only part of a ball. Centers may vary considerably in diameter, and even cores can vary in diameter (corresponding to different thickness covers). Since the weight or density constraint is on the finished ball, the amount of filler for cores and centers will vary depending on their size, and on the material used in the rest of the ball. It will be within the skill of the artisan to determine the amount of a given inorganic filler needed in a core or center to obtain the required ball density knowing the size of the core or center and the thickness and density of the other components, since this amount may be obtained by simple calculation.
For any uses where the ionomer or ionomer blends of this invention form part of the outside of a golf ball, such as in a one-piece ball, or where used as a cover material, the ionomers may also contain conventional additives such as pigments, antioxidants, U.V. absorbers, brighteners and the like.
Flexural modulus is measured using ASTM D790-B, and is measured using a standard `flex bar` and not on a sphere of material as for most other tests.
Coefficient of Restitution, COR, was measured both on neat-spheres and on finished balls having a cover of the material under test. It is measured by firing, either a covered ball having an the ionomer composition as cover or a neat-sphere of the ionomer composition, from an air cannon at an initial speed of 180 ft./sec. as measured by a speed monitoring device over a distance of 3 to 6 feet from the cannon. The ball strikes a steel plate positioned 9 feet away from the cannon, and rebounds through the speed-monitoring device. The return velocity divided by the initial velocity is the COR.
COR of neat-spheres may fall anywhere between 0.50 and 0.70. The range on useful covered balls of this invention however, is between about 0.67 and 0.74.
PGA Compression is defined as the resistance to deformation of a golf ball, measured using a standard industry ATTI machine. It was measured on a neat-sphere of resin and on balls having a cover of resin. For adequate spin of a ball, when the ionomer is used as a cover material, the PGA Compression, measured on a neat-sphere should be less than about 155, preferably less than 140 and most preferably less than 130.
The PGA Compression of a ball using the resin as a cover is, of course, dependent on the core of the ball. Generally, the PGA Compression of finished bails is much lower than the 155, and is typically in the 80 to 100 range.
Thus on finished balls with the material as cover, the values of COR and PGA Compression fall in a different range than for values for neat-spheres of the material. The desirable PGA Compression of a ball itself is typically in the 80 to 100 range. The PGA Compression/COR correlation for balls is much more attractive than for neat-spheres, as indicated by a vast shift of the line to the right for finished balls. This range can be achieved however, using conventional cores, and cover material having neat-sphere PGA Compression values about in the 110 to 155 range.
Clearly, a one-piece ball, which is a sphere molded from resin and filler and minor quantities of typical additives, will not generally have as good a PGA Compression/COR relation as a ball made from a core and cover. While such one-piece balls would not have the same PGA Compression/COR relation as neat-spheres, because of the effect of filler, they would have a correlation more akin to that of neat-spheres than to balls with a core. While useful as `range` balls, such one-piece balls will not have the superior properties of two and three-piece balls. Nevertheless, materials of this invention would still make superior balls having properties in the `range` ball category. All the materials of the invention will be suitable for one piece balls. However, in view of the fact that filler will raise PGA Compression, it is clear that more flexible materials than for covers can be used.
Melt Index (MI).was measured using ASTM D-1238, condition E, at 190 deg. C., using a 2160 gram weight. Values of MI are in grams/10 minutes.
Durability was measured using a repeat impact test on finished balls, with the material of the invention as the cover, on a Wilson Ultra� conventional solid core. Such cores are believed to be made of 1,4-cis polybutadiene, crosslinked with peroxides and co-crosslinking agents such as zinc (meth)acrylate. Durability is meausred using the same machine as for COR, but using an initial velocity of 175 ft./sec. Durability values are the number of hits to break. Durability at low temperatures is especially desirable, and for this reason, durability tests at -20 � F. were carried out. While good durability only at room temperature is adequate for golf bails used in some locales, low temperature durability values, preferably above at least 10, as tested under these conditions, is preferred for cold weather use. Durability at room temperature is almost invariably better than durability at -20� F., so that low temperature durability is a guide to the worst performance to be expected. Good durability of a material, based on tests when the material is used as a cover, may indicate good durability for use as a material in a one-piece ball.
Table 1 lists various ionomers used in the examples. The list includes soft ionomers which are part of the invention as well as soft ionomers which are not. It also includes hard ionomers which can be part of a blend of this invention as well as hard ionomers which are not. Flexural modulus is shown, if measured. Note that S8 has a modulus of almost 27,000 psi. This is stiff enough even to make a relatively stiff cover material by itself, i.e., without blending with a hard ionomer.
Table 2 lists values of COR and PGA Compression on neat-spheres for the compositions indicated. Comparative examples are numbered with a suffix C. The same values are plotted in FIG. 1. Durability of balls which employed the compositions as a cover on a conventional solid core are also shown, if measured.
FIG. 1 shows comparative examples, outside the invention, indicated by a circle, and examples by a cross. A line is shown, correlating PGA Compression and COR values for prior art materials outside this invention, based on previous data (indicated by triangles), determined prior to this investigation, together with data on prior art materials measured during the present investigation (indicated by a circle). The line is a `visually best-fit` line, and is based on materials which differed in their ion or ions, their MI, the acid used (whether acrylic of methacrylic), the amount of acid and, in the case of soft ionomer, the amount of acrylate softening monomer. The line is a good fit for data up to a PGA Compression of about 140. Above this, there appears to be a poorer correlation with more scatter in the dam. Of course, the new soft lithium and magnesium ionomers and blends, whether part of this invention or not, are not part of the data on which the line is based, since they are new ionomers.
The fact that such a line can be drawn suggests that, for most ionomers and blends, PGA Compression and COR are uniquely related, largely irrespective of comonomer or ion composition, and depend essentially only on the particular level of stiffness of interest. This is except, of course, for the compositions of the present invention.
Surprisingly, when one examines the data for soft ionomers of magnesium and lithium, and blends of these ionomers with hard ionomers, there is a dramatic shift to the right or to lower PGA values depending on the axis chosen for comparison. Thus, for these soft ionomers, and blends containing these soft ionomers, there is apparently a resilience advantage at a given PGA Compression level and vice versa. This will translate to, at the worst equivalent or slightly better, but generally significantly better compositions for one-piece balls, and for centers and cores and covers for two- or three-piece balls respectively, than previously known compositions. Of course the degree of advantage will depend on which of these golf ball applications is considered.
Zinc has long been known to provide good durability at low temperatures, and compositions of comparative examples which contain zinc are clearly good in low temperature durability as seen from Table 2. Both zinc and sodium soft ionomers alone, generally will have a flexural modulus of 5,000 psi or less however. In general, this will be too flexible to be useful alone for use as materials of this invention. Zinc hard ionomer blended with lithium soft ionomer does seem to provide good compositions when the PGA Compression is above about 140. However, as noted above, the singularity of the correlation becomes less definite at high PGA values.
Sodium hard ionomer is known to provide poor low temperature durability (example 2C and blend 3C). However it can form the hard ionomer portion of blends (example 7), provided there is not more than 50 percent of it.
Lithium soft ionomer is not particularly durable at low temperatures (example 2) though not nearly as poor as sodium (2C). However its effect on increasing COR at a given PGA level in lithium soft ionomer or in blends of this invention can provide good compositions in this respect. Magnesium ionomer as the hard segment provides excellent durability. Magnesium soft/magnesium hard blends can thus provide excellent overall compositions (see Example 8).
For use of the material for golf ball covers, using conventional cores, the advantage can show up in the PGA Compression and COR of the resulting ball itself. However, because the overall PGA Compression and COR is also dependent on the core, not just the cover, the PGA/COR improvment may be somewhat diminished in some cases. Different cores provide somewhat different PGA Compression/COR correlations, so that manipulation of core alone can lead to improved balls. Comparison of cover materials must be made on balls which use the same core. As noted above, the relationship between PGA Compression and COR for golf balls provides a line or lines which is shifted far from that observed for neat-spheres.
Table 3 shows PGA Compression and COR values measured on golf balls having a Wilson Ultra� core, and a cover of the materials having the composition as indicated by the corresponding example number in Table 2. In FIG. 2, the encircled crosses represent finished ball PGA Compression and COR values with prior art covers, and the crosses alone represent values using cover materials of the invention. The line dram is a `visually-best` line, but there are insufficient data at low PGA values to establish the line with great certainty. It can be seen that, while covers made with soft ionomers alone, which give PGA values in the 78-81 range, appear to show only a small improvment, if any, when blends are tested, giving PGA in the 83-94 range, the improvement, for the most part is dramatic. It is not clear why examples 7 (PGA 94) shows such a low COR value, and why example 8 (also PGA 94) shows only a small improvment. Nevertheless, it is clear that a dramatic improvment is possible.
TABLE 1______________________________________COMPOSITION OF IONOMERS Monomer Neutr Flex# Composition Ratios MI Ion (%). Modulus______________________________________S1 E/nBA/MAA 68/23/9 0.6 Zn ˜50 ˜2700S2 E/nBA/MAA 68/23/9 Na ˜50 4100S3 E/nBA/MAA 68/23/9 Mg ˜50 7100S4 E/nBA/MAA 68/23/9 Li ˜50 5000S5 E/nBA/AA 70/22/8 1.9 Mg ˜45 7800S6 E/nBA/AA 70/22/8 0.4 Li ˜75 9500S7 E/nBA/AA 69.4/18/11.6* 1.6 Mg ˜45 16700S8 E/nBA/AA 69.4/18/11.6* 0.5 Li ˜75 26500H1 E/MAA 80/20 ˜1 Na ˜79000H2 E/MAA 85/15 ˜1 Na ˜57 50000H3 E/MAA 85/15 ˜1 Zn ˜57 48000H4 E/MAA 85/15 ˜1 Mg ˜50H5 E/MAA 85/15 ˜4 Li ˜50H6 E/MAA 81/19 ˜4 Li ˜50H7 E/MAA 85/15 ˜4 Mg ˜50H8 E/MAA 85/15 ˜1 Li ˜50H9 E/MAA 80/20 ˜1 Mg ˜50H10 E/AA 80/20 ˜1 Mg ˜50______________________________________ E = Ethylene, MAA = Methacrylic acid, AA = Acrylic acid, nBA = nButyl Acrylate. Flexural Modulus values in psi. Neutralization values are based on the amount of neutralizing ion in the feed when making the ionomer, assuming complete ionomerization. *These comonomer contents are based on best data available. Some unconfirmed data have suggested these comonomer contents may be slightly in error.
TABLE 2______________________________________PGA COMPRESSION AND COR OF IONOMER COMPOSITIONS Durability Blend PGA Hits/CrackEx. # Composition Ratio COR Compression -20� F.______________________________________ 1C S1 -- 0.511 58 2C S2 -- 0.553 67 1 1 S3 -- 0.593 86 28 2 S4 -- 0.584 83 8 3 S5 -- 0.618 95 25 4 S6 -- 0.656 116 5 S7 -- 0.621 126 6 S8 -- 0.672 144 3C S1/H1 50/50 0.637 140 7 4C S1/H2 50/50 0.645 143 48 5C S2/H3 50/50 0.619 132 50 6C S3/H3 50/50 0.602 127 50 7C S4/H3 50/50 0.621 133 38 8C S5/H3 50/50 0.619 131 50 9C S6/H3 50/50 0.645 139 4710C S7/H3 75/25 0.618 135 5011C S8/H3 75/25 0.674 148 2612C S3/H3 75/25 0.590 109 7 S3/H2 50/50 0.645 130 22 8 S3/H4 50/50 0.641 136 50 9 S3/H5 50/50 0.647 142 810 S3/H6 50/50 0.654 146 1411 S3/H7 75/25 0.620 117 1513C S1/H2 50/50 0.650 143 5012 S4/H4 50/50 0.644 141 4513 S5/H8 50/50 0.638 142 514 S5/H4 50/50 0.634 138 5015 S6/H9 50/50 0.668 147 4416 S6/H10 50/50 0.633 132 717 S6/H9 75/25 0.655 126 50______________________________________
TABLE 3______________________________________PGA COMPRESSION AND COR OF GOLF BALLS(Cover composition as in Table 2, Ultra � Core)Ex. # COR PGA Compression______________________________________ 1 0.678 79 2 0.673 81 3 0.672 78 7 0.687 94 8 0.681 9413C 0.693 9012 0.708 8313 0.709 8714 0.711 8815 0.714 8916 0.708 8617 0.708 85______________________________________
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 8, 1963
|Aug 2, 1966
|Du Pont
|Ionic hydrocarbon polymers
|Feb 11, 1972
|Jun 25, 1974
|Questor Corp
|Golf ball cover compositions comprising a mixture of ionomer resins
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|Ionomers having improved low temperature properties
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|Nov 26, 1991
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|Golf ball
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|Oct 13, 1992
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Compositions useful in the manufacture of golfballs
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|Sep 14, 1993
|Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
|Golf ball
|Jun 30, 1993
|Mar 29, 1994
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|High-resilience ionomeric compositions for golf ball covers
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|Jun 28, 1994
|Lisco, Inc.
|Golf ball cover compositions
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|Jul 12, 1994
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|May 16, 1995
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|May 12, 1989
|Nov 15, 1989
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Thermoplastic elastomeric compositions
|Title not available
|Jun 10, 1994
|Jan 5, 1995
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Ionomer blends for golf ball covers
|Research Disclosure 27103 Ionomer Blends for Golf Ball Compositions RD 27103 Nov. 1986.
|Research Disclosure 27103--"Ionomer Blends for Golf Ball Compositions" RD 27103 Nov. 1986.
|Research Disclosure 27221-- "Golf Balls based on Li. Ionomers or RD27221 Blends with Li Ionomers" Dec. 1986.
|Research Disclosure 27221 Golf Balls based on Li. Ionomers or RD27221 Blends with Li Ionomers Dec. 1986.
|Citing Patent
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|May 11, 1999
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|Jun 12, 1997
|Oct 10, 2000
|Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd.
|Golf ball
|Jun 27, 1997
|Oct 10, 2000
|Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.
|Golf ball
|Nov 5, 1998
|Mar 27, 2001
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|Golf ball cover compositions
|Sep 13, 2000
|Dec 10, 2002
|Spalding Sports Worldwide, Inc.
|Golf ball with ionomeric cover and method of making same
|Aug 8, 2001
|May 13, 2003
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Bi-modal ionomers
|Oct 18, 2000
|Nov 25, 2003
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls
|Feb 28, 2003
|Jul 13, 2004
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Bi-modal ionomers
|Apr 27, 2000
|Aug 17, 2004
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers
|Sep 22, 2001
|Nov 9, 2004
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Highly-resilient thermoplastic elastomer compositions
|Feb 6, 2003
|Nov 30, 2004
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls comprising highly-neutralized acid polymers
|Oct 11, 2002
|Oct 11, 2005
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls
|May 5, 2004
|Feb 7, 2006
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls comprising highly-neutralized acid polymers
|May 22, 2008
|Jun 8, 2010
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls having at least two core layers formed from HNP compositions
|May 22, 2008
|Nov 16, 2010
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls having a low modulus HNP layer and a high modulus HNP layer
|Jun 7, 2010
|Jun 28, 2011
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls having at least two core layers formed from HNP compositions
|Nov 15, 2010
|Nov 15, 2011
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls having a low modulus HNP layer and a high modulus HNP layer
|Dec 5, 2008
|Jun 5, 2012
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with soft, resilient bimodal ionomeric covers
|May 26, 2009
|Jun 19, 2012
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene terpolymers and organic acids
|Aug 1, 2011
|Oct 30, 2012
|Acushnet Company
|Multi-layer core golf ball having thermoset rubber cover
|Aug 18, 2011
|Nov 13, 2012
|Acushnet Company
|Golf balls having a low modulus HNP layer and a high modulus HNP layer
|Apr 21, 2008
|Dec 25, 2012
|E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers
|Apr 10, 2012
|Mar 19, 2013
|E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene terpolymers and organic acids
|Dec 22, 2009
|Apr 2, 2013
|E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method for increasing melt flow of a bimodal ionomer composition
|Apr 25, 2012
|Apr 2, 2013
|E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with soft, resilient bimodal ionomeric covers
|Sep 22, 2011
|Jul 23, 2013
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and organic acids
|Dec 27, 2011
|Mar 24, 2015
|Nike Inc.
|Method of making golf ball with material-filled grooves
|Jul 29, 2011
|Aug 18, 2015
|Nike, Inc.
|Golf ball including a blend of highly neutralized acid polymers and method of manufacture
|Jun 3, 2011
|Sep 15, 2015
|Acushnet Company
|Multi-layered cores for golf balls based on ionomers
|Feb 13, 2015
|Oct 4, 2016
|Nike, Inc.
|Golf ball with material-filled grooves
|Feb 13, 2015
|Oct 4, 2016
|Nike, Inc.
|Golf ball with material-filled grooves
|Sep 14, 2015
|May 2, 2017
|Acushnet Company
|Multi-layered cores for golf balls based on ionomers
|Sep 22, 2001
|Jul 11, 2002
|Statz Robert Joseph
|Highly-resilient thermoplastic elastomer compositions
|Oct 11, 2002
|Jul 10, 2003
|Statz Robert Joseph
|Highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls
|Dec 10, 2002
|Aug 21, 2003
|Chen John Chu
|Stearic-modified ionomers for golf balls
|Feb 6, 2003
|Sep 25, 2003
|Murali Rajagopalan
|Golf balls comprising highly-neutralized acid polymers
|Dec 4, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Key-Tech, Inc.
|Method for thermally printing a dye image onto a three dimensional object using a dye carrier sheet
|May 5, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|Murali Rajagopalan
|Golf balls comprising highly-neutralized acid polymers
|Feb 24, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Markham Allen R.
|Plumbing test plug and method
|Aug 11, 2005
|Dec 1, 2005
|Chen John C
|Moisture resistant highly-neutralized ethylene copolymers and their use in golf balls
|Jun 23, 2005
|Apr 20, 2006
|Arhart Richard J
|Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers
|Feb 17, 2006
|May 18, 2006
|Kennedy Iii Thomas J
|Golf ball and Thermoplastic Material
|Feb 9, 2007
|Jun 7, 2007
|Kennedy Thomas J Iii
|Golf Ball and Thermoplastic Material
|Oct 18, 2007
|Feb 14, 2008
|Callaway Golf Company
|Golf ball and thermoplastic material
|Apr 21, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Arhart Richard J
|Transparent ionomeric films from blends of ionomeric copolymers
|May 22, 2008
|Sep 11, 2008
|Sullivan Michael J
|Golf Balls Having at Least Two Core Layers Formed From HNP Compositions
|Nov 17, 2008
|May 21, 2009
|John Chu Chen
|Articles containing bimodal ionomer compositions
|Jun 7, 2010
|Sep 30, 2010
|Sullivan Michael J
|Golf balls having at least two core layers formed from hnp compositions
|May 26, 2009
|Dec 2, 2010
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with cores or intermediate layers prepared from highly-neutralized ethylene terpolymers and organic acids
|Nov 15, 2010
|Mar 10, 2011
|Sullivan Michael J
|Golf balls having a low modulus hnp layer and a high modulus hnp layer
|Dec 22, 2009
|Jun 23, 2011
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method for increasing melt flow of a bimodal ionomer composition
|Aug 1, 2011
|Nov 24, 2011
|Bartsch Eric D
|Multi-layer core golf ball having thermoset rubber cover
|Jun 3, 2011
|Dec 6, 2012
|Sullivan Michael J
|Multi-layered cores for golf balls based on ionomers
|Jul 29, 2011
|Jan 31, 2013
|Nike, Inc.
|Golf Ball Including A Blend Of Highly Neutralized Acid Polymers And Method Of Manufacture
|Dec 27, 2011
|Jun 27, 2013
|Nike, Inc.
|Method Of Making Golf Ball With Material-Filled Grooves
|Dec 17, 2014
|Jun 25, 2015
|E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with covers of high acid ionomers
|Apr 26, 2016
|Aug 18, 2016
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Golf balls with covers of high acid ionomers
|U.S. Classification
|525/196, 525/221, 473/356, 525/201, 525/330.2, 524/521, 473/376, 524/522, 473/372
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 2, 1995
Owner name: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAGMAN, JOHN FRANCIS;STATZ, ROBERT JOSEPH;REEL/FRAME:007660/0847
Effective date: 19950630
|May 3, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 28, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 1, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 25, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 12, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20091125


text:
Development of micromachined millimeter wave modules for wireless communication systems
Li, Yuan
MetadataShow full item record
This research discusses the design, fabrication, integration, and characterization of micromachined millimeter-wave components and a signal source for THz multiplier source using the deep reactive ion etching technique. A wide range of advanced micromachined millimeter-wave components are proposed and fully validated with the measurement. These micromachined millimeter-wave passives include: the W-band straight and meander waveguides, W-band three-pole filter, waveguide hybrid and power divider, a novel CPW-to-waveguide transition and filter, and a novel cavity resonator for 60-GHz reconfigurable applications. The proposed THz multiplier source is a broadband 900-GHz silicon micromachined two-anode frequency tripler with the state-of-the-art performance. The research results enable the silicon micromachining technique to build low-loss and low-cost millimeter-wave components and THz signal sources.

subset: commoncrawl


text: BEIJING and DALLAS, Aug. 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- NQ Mobile (NYSE: NQ), a leading global provider of mobile Internet services, today announced that the Guangdong Subsidiary of China Mobile, which has the largest number of users and revenue in the China Mobile Group, has renewed its contract with NQ Mobile to manage and support its mobile malware monitoring, alert and other security analysis services. Additionally, NQ Mobile will continue to provide anti-malware services for China Mobile's Mobile Marketplace, which it has done since 2010. The Information Security Operating Center of China Mobile will also continue to leverage NQ Mobile's technical support on the spam sample database.(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121224/CN34262LOGO ) "NQ Mobile has long been a trusted and important security solution provider for China Mobile which serves more than 780 million mobile users," said Dr. Henry Lin Co-CEO of NQ Mobile. "Today the services we provide to this important carrier partner have grown beyond just security solutions and analysis. As we continue to focus on our vision to become a mobile platform company, our relationship with China Mobile also continues to expand." FL Mobile, a subsidiary of NQ Mobile, has now become an important game content provider to China Mobile's Game Center. Another company subsidiary, NationSky, also provides important enterprise mobility solutions for many of China Mobile's key large enterprise accounts. "This contract renewal demonstrates NQ Mobile's continued leadership in providing consumer and enterprise security solutions and services to tier 1 carrier partners around the globe," said Omar Khan Co-CEO of NQ Mobile. "China Mobile, along with our many other carrier partners, select NQ Mobile because of the strong technology solutions, service and support capabilities, as well as our global presence. We are excited that China Mobile has renewed this important relationship." Milestones in the NQ Mobile/China Mobile relationship


text:
The views of mountain peaks are splendid and Telluride airport is 10 minutes away, making the estate an ideal retreat for A-list fans of the slopes.
The Mission: Impossible megastar, 52, who is reportedly dating Australian model Miranda Kerr, 31, ex-wife of British screen heart-throb Orlando Bloom, is selling up via Sotheby's International Realty.
Follow us on Twitter @HomesProperty, Facebook and Instagram
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- Tom Cruise
- Telluride
- Colorado
- miranda kerr
- Sotheby


text:
- Backed by a 5-year limited warranty
- Boots and performs like an SSD, PC& Mac Compatible
- Up to 5x faster than a traditional 5400-RPM HDD
- Height: 9.50 mm
Some manufacturers place restrictions on how details of their products may be communicated.
Good but Risky 07/12/2014
This review is from: Seagate ST1000LM014 1TB SATA 6.0Gb/s 2.5" Laptop SSHD Bare Drive
Works okay, pretty fast, and runs when I need it to
Let's see this sshd is not worth the price I think right out of the box it's been loud and had this weird clicking noise that's the loudest thing in my computer. Also I've been having desktop lag sessions without even having internet, and after reading other reviews I'm wondering if I should back up my hard drive before it crashes on me. So probably not worth the risk to get it.
Other Thoughts:
It's a good drive just don't know if it's worth the risk since it's somewhat pricey and it might not last much longer.
Manufacturer Response:
Hi Andrew,
We apologize for the problems experienced with your Laptop Solid State Hybrid drive. This drive should not be excessively noisy or making unusual clicking noises. We would like to talk with you by phone to determine the root cause and available resolution to the problem. A support case (#04272518) has been created that will reference your review and our response. If from the US or Canada, our contact number for support is 800-732-4283. If outside of this region, please try us here under Product Support (choose your region):
Best Regards,
Seagate Support
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text:
Miranda Watkins
Set of Two Sheer Crystal Conical Tumblers
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Editor's notes
Rejuvinate your glassware collection with the contemporary Miranda Watkins Conical Tumblers. Modern and unique, the Sheer collection of glassware offsets gentle curves with clean lines to create captivating pieces. Multi-functional, use these tumblers for display or serve anything from drinks to desserts in a sophisticated manner.
Product features
- Weighted tumblers
- From the Sheer collection
- Hand-cut glass crystal
14cm x 9.3cm
About Miranda Watkins
Delivery information
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We offer a range of UK delivery options including standard delivery, next day delivery and various weekend options. The available delivery options and prices will vary depending on the delivery location you share with us when checking out.
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If you are not completely satisfied with your item you may return it within 28 days for a full refund. You can return the item online using our simple service or bring it back to our flagship store in Regent St.


text:
Easily Create a Green Teas Website on Shopify
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We sell freshly roasted whole-bean coffee, exquisite teas & the best equipment available. Specialized in comprehensive education in coffee.
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Mother and daughter team revolutionizing the tea industry. Offering a variety of teas and spices that are unique and not mass produced.


text:
Winter Wonder Lane Red & Gold Shape Shatterproof Ornaments, 50-Pack
This item is currently out of stock.
Adorn your holiday home in luscious red and gold with these lovely 50-count ornaments. Designed in a variety of shapes and styles, the ornaments bring elegance to your Christmas tree display.
- 50 - Red and gold ornaments in a variety of styles
- Shatterproof design
- Perfect Christmas tree decoration
- Ornament hooks not included
- Model number: ZHY-7050-RGG
- Material: Plastic, glitter
Shipping & Returns
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Questions? Visit our Shipping FAQS for more info about shipping. For questions about returns see our Returns Policy.


text:
New Jack City
Cast: Mario Van Peebles, Wesley Snipes, Ice-T, Allen Payne
- Overview
- Editorial Reviews
- Product Details
- Special Features
- Related Subjects
- Cast & Crew
- Scene Index
- Menu
- Videos
The ruthless leader of a New York City drug syndicate battles to maintain his power and avoid imprisonment in this fast-moving action drama. While the film's heroes are Scotty (Ice-T) and Nick (Judd Nelson), a pair of tough, streetwise cops, the main focus is their target, drug lord Nino Brown (Wesley Snipes). A criminal businessman with no room for pity or emotion, the flashy but severe Brown has built an empire and transformed an abandoned Harlem apartment building into a well-defended fortress. He begins to consider himself invincible, but his lust for power and the unpredictable actions of a former client turned police informer threaten to bring about his potential downfall. First-time director Mario Van Peebles keeps the traditional plot moving at an appropriately rapid pace, with stylish action sequences and energetic performances. The film's violence was somewhat controversial on its initial release, especially after shooting incidents marred showings in several theaters. However, the film's moral message is clearly anti-drug and anti-crime, its main intent to provide a high-powered, modern take on the gangster movie.
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 10/05/2010
- 0883929152674
- Original Release:
- 1991
- Rating:
- Source:
- Warner Home Video
- Region Code:
- 1
- Presentation:
- [Full Frame, Wide Screen]
- Sound:
- [Dolby AC-3 Surround Sound]
- Time:
- 1:41:00
- Sales rank:
- 5,883
Special Features
Cast & Crew
|Wesley Snipes
|Nino Brown
|Scotty Appleton
|Mario Van Peebles
|Allen Payne
|Gee Money
|Judd Nelson
|Officer Nick Peretti
|Chris Rock
|Ben Gottlieb
|Prosecuting Attorney
|Kim Park
|Fab 5 Freddy
|Master of Ceremonies
|Michael Michele
|Bill Nunn
|Duh Duh Duh Man
|Russell Wong
|Kim Park
|Bill Cobbs
|Old Man
|Christopher Williams
|Kareem Akbar
|Vanessa A. Williams
|Tracy Camilla Johns
|Anthony de Sando
|Frankie Needles
|Nick Ashford
|Reverend Oates
|Phyllis Stickney
|Prosecuting Attorney Hawkins
|Thalmus Rasulala
|Police Commissioner
|John Aprea
|Don Armeto
|Flavor Flav
|Clebert Ford
|Laverne Hart
|Prom Queen
|Fat Smitty
|Gregg Smrz
|Erica McFarquhar
|Keith Sweat
|Singer at Wedding
|Max Rabinowitz
|Marcella Lowery
|Woman in Hallway
|Manuel Santiago
|Thelma Louise Carter
|Linda Froehlich
|Christopher Michael
|Tiger Frederick
|Basketball Player
|Rynel Johnson
|Basketball Player
|Kelly Minter
|Recovering Addict
|Tina Lifford
|Recovering Addict
|Paul Raczkowski
|Recovering Addict
|Harold Baines
|Kid on Stoop
|Sekou Campbell
|Kid on Stoop
|David Michael Golson
|Kid on Stoop
|Garvin Holder
|Kid on Stoop
|Leo O'Brien
|Kid on Stoop
|Bobby Stancil
|Kid on Stoop
|Teddy Riley
|New Year's Eve Band Member
|Aaron Hall
|New Year's Eve Band Member
|Damion Hall
|New Year's Eve Band Member
|Allen McNeil
|Singers - Spring - (Troop)
|Gerald Levert
|Singers - Winter - (Levert)
|Erik Kilpatrick
|Recovering Addict
|Max Raven
Technical Credits
|Mario Van Peebles
|Charles C. Bennett
|Production Designer
|James Bigwood
|Associate Producer
|Laura Brock
|Art Director
|Suzanne Broderick
|Associate Producer
|Michel Colombier
|Score Composer
|Barry Michael Cooper
|Fab Five Freddy
|Pat Golden
|Diane Hammond
|Preston Holmes
|George Jackson
|Bernard Johnson
|Costumes/Costume Designer
|Steven Kemper
|Francis Kenny
|Barbara Matis
|Art Director
|John McCabe
|Doug McHenry
|Elaine O'Donnell
|Set Decoration/Design
|Dwight Alonzo Williams
|Associate Producer
|Thomas Lee Wright
|Original Story,Screenwriter
Scene Index
1. Credits [2:32]
2. Debtor's Fall [:34]
3. Scotty Collars Pookie [3:59]
4. Like the Mob [3:03]
5. Getting Rich In the Reagan Era [4:14]
6. An Empire [3:32]
7. New Jack Cops [2:37]
8. Teammates [:00]
9. Frankie Needles Visits [2:07]
10. Interest In Pookie [2:42]
11. Road To Recovery [3:38]
12. Nino's Operation [2:47]
13. New American Dream [2:06]
14. Frankie Scalped [1:49]
15. Party Hearty [1:45]
16. Nino's World [2:08]
17. On the Inside [3:28]
18. Powderkeg Explodes [5:05]
19. Pointed Anger [5:23]
20. In This Together [4:43]
21. About to Itch [3:23]
22. Always Business [1:58]
23. Saving the Idolator [3:45]
24. Wedding Day Burglary [3:10]
25. Party Crashers [2:28]
26. Retaliation [2:17]
27. Set-Up Gone Sour [1:22]
28. Bullet For a Brother [5:34]
29. Nino's Stronghold [3:53]
30. Personal [1:38]
31. Forced Into It [2:05]
32. How the Law Works [2:38]
33. Required In Hell [1:50]
34. Coda and End Credits [:50]
Play Movie
Scene Selections
Special Features
Commentary By Director / Co-Star Mario Van Peebles
Theatrical Trailer
Spoken Languages
English 5.1
Français (doublé au Québec)
Subtitles: Off
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
See all customer reviews
The writer for this film was a journalist from Harlem, New York in the 1980's, when crack first hit the scene, so he had a first hand look of what it did to his neighborhoods. The is Wesley Snipes best performance ever, (other that Sugar Hill),and Chris Rock is brilliant. Allen Payne plays Gee money with perfection,The sexy Tracy Camilla Johns Burns up the screen and the whole cast is strong.It will be a classic forever. PART 2 PLEASE!!!!!
If you like 'Scarface' and 'King of New York' then you'll like this. Nino Brown is a modern day Tony Montana. There are so many characters it's hard to pick my favorite. The cops(Judd Nelson and Ice-T), Pookie the crackhead(a serious Chris Rock), Nino Brown(Wesley Snipes), and all of Brown's crew. This film is dazzling and the acting is good. It's filled with action, excitement, drama, and revenge. Plus there's alot of memorable quotes. This is a great film, though I wouldn't say it's on the same level as 'Scarface'. Check it out.
I first saw this in 1993 and was totally blown away by the directing, cinematography, script and acting and so I was really looking forward to seeing it again after an absence of almost thirteen years. But after seeing this a second time I could scarcely believe I was watching a film I had remembered very well. In 1994 I would have given this film 5 out of 5 but instead I've given it a 4 due to its frail ending. New Jack City (1991) is an interesting movie that aims to please. This film marks the first time Mario Van Peebles directed a theatrical released film (that his father helped co-write) and he co-stars in the film as well. The movie follows a small time hood Nino Brown (Wesley Snipes) who builds up a vast criminal empire by flooding the streets with crack cocaine. Ice-T and Judd Nelson co-stars as well as two unorthodox cops who want to lock up Nino Brown. Allen Payne (Gee Money) and Mario van Peebles himself (Stone) has also giving some approved performances in here. The acting is not the strongest part of this film but to me, three men made this film worthy of attention which is Wesley, Ice-T, and Rock. Chris Rock is unforgettable in this movie and he shines in his role as the "crack-head" Pookie. He has so many one-liners that are hysterical. The real winner is truly Wesley Snipes, who plays a role we don't usually identify with him, and does so with considerable spirit. He is utterly believable the scene where he describes first killing someone while high on drugs scared the crap out of me - this is not someone I want as a friend! - Which happens to be a central theme of this film. There are flaws in it to be sure, primarily of continuity - there are moments for which we are unprepared, and loose ends that don't get tied. The "Cash Money" drug cartel never gets its act together as a criminal organization - which may be the point, but in which case this needs greater exploration on the street level - without soldiers, you have no army, a lesson the Mafia could still teach the younger gangs. But taken all-in-all, "New Jack City" is a tough crime thriller, well-presented, with a great cast at their strongest. Despite it flaws, it holds a lot of strong and impressive moments which makes this worth a watch.


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Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
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- - True to size
- - Maxi-length design
- - Model is 177cm/ 5'10" and is wearing an IT size 40
Elegance and bold color go hand-in-hand with Missoni's red, white and silver maxi skirt. Finely knitted in the label's signature zigzag pattern and finished with a soft stretch-silk lining, this fluid style hangs beautifully.
Shown here with: IRO top, Monica Vinader bracelet, Aurélie Bidermann bracelet, Hervé Van Der Straeten cuff, Maison Martin Margiela rings, Maiyet ring, Jimmy Choo shoes.
- - Red, white and silver knitted rayon, cupro and polyester-blend
- - Elasticated waist, fully lined in stretch-silk
- - 50% rayon, 32% cupro, 18% polyester
- - Dry clean
Product Code: 332670
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Product Code: 332670


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| Azlan Othman |
FRUITS Farmers Field School (FFFS) was set up as one of the programmes to enhance fruit farming management and productivity.
The programme is one of the continuous efforts of the Department of Agriculture and AgriFood in supporting the government's aspiration to increase the production of fruits in the country.
The ongoing course at FFFS focusses on watermelon, banana and pineapple plantations. It began on February 16 and is carried out every Monday and Wednesday on a full-time basis for four weeks at Birau Agriculture Research Station and Kilanas Agriculture Research Centre.
Some 30 participants comprising farmers and fruit entrepreneurs are taking part in the course to enhance their capability in producing quality fruits, to enhance their farming knowledge and skills, to improve the management and productivity of fruit farm, to share information on the fruit industry as well as to encourage farmers to interact, discuss and share experience in the plantation.
Course instructors are made up of experts from the department, and the classes touch on the status of fruit industry, culture and agronomy practice, managing land and nutrients content, farm pest management, post-harvest management, processing and marketing aspects.
The participants were briefed on the fruit industry by Awang Haji Latif bin Haji Ahmad, Head of Fruits Industry Unit and Rural Agricultural Development; watermelon management by Awang Takiyaudin bin Haji Mohamad, Head of Fruits Development and Research (PreDec); pest management for watermelon by Awang Noorazri bin Haji Md Noor, Head of Farm Protection Unit; land and water management by Izanuddin bin Haji Bujang, Head of Farm Nutrient and Land Science Unit.
The participants also carried out a practical session at the nursery and farm site for watermelon at Birau Agricultural Research Unit.


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Repta Round Cage with Ceramic Holder & Lead
Made out of strong wire with lid for easy change pver of globe. Comes complete with ceramic lamp holder and lead. Easy to install in any enclosure/terrarium. Keeps your reptile warm and healthy and avoids burns and cuts that can harm your reptile. Ideal for use with Repta Round Bracket. Size: 12x19cm
Code: 53358


text: Annually, the School Department develops its capital and operating budgets, which begins July 1 and ends June 30. This process is a collaborative and public process that engages the Board of Selectman, School Committee, the Appropriations Committee, Capital Expenditures Committee, Town and School staff, and citizens. The Finance Office is responsible for coordinating, developing, and monitoring the annual budget process. Each year, the School Committee develops its annual goals, budget guidelines, and budget calendar. These provide the administration with the roadmap to develop the recommended annual budget. The Superintendent is tasked with developing a budget that advances the District in concert with the outlined policy objectives. The School Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving the budget for incorporation with the full Town budget.


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If you're almost 30 and were into terrible music in your teens you may have heard of Jamelia. Well, yesterday the former pop star made some outrageous statements regarding 'plus sized' people.
Jamelia speaking as a panellist on the Loose Women TV show said:
I do not think it's right to facilitate people living an unhealthy lifestyle. In the same way [that] I don't believe that a size zero should be available, it's not a healthy size for an average woman to be.
I don't believe they [high street stores] should be providing clothes for below that range or above that range. Yes, have specialist shops but you should feel uncomfortable if you are unhealthy … to be available in every high street store, I don't think that's right.
Quite naturally there was a backlash on twitter to the Katie Hopkins-esque comments – which many believed to be Fat Shaming:
People missing the real damage of #Jamelias comments. Kids DIE trying to attain socially accepted norm. Making people uncomfortable is cruel
— Deborah Playford (@ladyfreebird750) April 22, 2015
It's the misunderstanding too. Fat shaming will never encourage healthy habits. Just guilt binging/starvation and general misery. #jamelia
— Rae Earl (@RaeEarl) April 22, 2015
@loosewomen #jamelia needs a reality check. Walk a mile in a plus size persons shoes then let's hear your opinion again.#notgotaclue
— Rebecca Collins (@Rebeccafcr) April 21, 2015
im big n beautiful #jamelia pic.twitter.com/Velrvj6wKB
— claire taylor (@lovelyteeth) April 21, 2015
Understandably, most people hadn't heard of Jamelia and got her confused with Jameela Jamil (the TV presenter and radio host), was inundated with comments online from people outraged by 'her' remarks – not realising that she didn't actually make them.
Jamelia has ultimately stood by her comments stating:
Watching it back I can see how number one people are able to regurgitate the story in a way that makes it much more sensational. I didn't make it clear on the show that I was talking about extremes.
I was talking about above a size 20, below a size 6. I'm a real woman with real opinions and I'm not here to play some villain or anything like that. It's not that. I get paid to voice my opinion. Occasionally you'll offend people.


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Grant Funding
Members - that's students like you - have used Grant Funding to hold successful Frosh weeks, organize career fairs, initiate undergraduate conferences, publish newsletters, invite guest lecturers, present career nights, promote disability awareness, support weekly seminars, have faculty-wide SU events, and much, much more.
The SFSS Grant funding supplements core fund and there is a fundamental difference on what a grant fund can be used. The following are the restrictions on grant funding usage:
- Grants cannot be used to fundraise.
- Grants cannot be applied retroactively.
- Grant cannot be used to cover alcohol expense
- Grant fund can't be donated to any off-campus organizations.
- Grants cannot be used to organize purely social events.
- When applying for grant, some core funding must be used towards the event.
- Groups can apply for up to 8% of the total grant funding budget per fiscal year.
The SFSS Granting Committee may approve grants totaling more than 8% in one year. Groups that need more money are encouraged to pair up with another student union. You can find the grant proposal form here.
Who Do We Talk To For Help?
The Student Union Organizer is the SFSS staff person who coordinates the SU grant funding, and ensures that all student unions and constituency groups are thriving. You can also talk to any elected SFSS Board member for advice and support: the SFSS Treasurer, the Vice President Student Life who is responsible for clubs and student unions, or your Departmental and At-Large Representatives. If you're an SFSS club, Grant Funding can apply to you, too- talk to the General Office staff in the MBC 2250. Non-SFSS groups should contact the SFSS Treasurer.
Funding and Budgets
Help students apply for SFU Student Engagement Fund
Maintain student union external banking account (including setup, signing authority changeover and monthly report).
Student union membership and account database
Grant proposal review and approval
SFSS Grant Program Final Report


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913 Saint Johns Place
Crown Heights, Brooklyn
Three bedroom, one bath, recently renovated apt, modern. In Crown Heights, Brooklyn. Apartment is in the back of the building, very quiet, no street noise. You will have two roommates, currently there is only one, a male, works in the financial district, originally form California, friendly, clean and has a girlfriend. Rent is $1250 +!/3 utilities($70 give or take). Close to: 3 train Nostrand stop (6 minute walk) Franklin ave (11 minute walk) Multiple buses B45, B44, B48 Beautiful Prospect Park Brooklyn Museum Brooklyn Botanical Garden Grand Army Plaza --------------- This is a mixed neighborhood, all races, lots of minority groups, it has some grit, It's an area that is gentrifying, shiny new businesses coming in. Five minute walk from the 4/3train Nostrand stop and the 2/5 train at President Street. Ten minutes from A/C at Nostrand. One mile away from the Brooklyn Museum and Prospect Park. Jewish Children's Museum about half a mile away at the Kingston stop. Jewish neighborhood. Excellent baked goods, shops and food. On Nostrand: Lula's Bagel Great Coffee, bagel sandwiches and other food items. Very cozy and free wifi although you really see people here on their laptops. Chika Mexicana (some say better than Chipotle) Catfish burritos, veggie mix, along with more traditional meats at great prices. Colina Curevo, a great coffee shop, servers a broader array of food, free wifi, bigger space, great customer service. Two Saints Bar, perfect neighborhood cover bar, excellent drinks and lots of fun to be had right down the street. Shop at MET, food market, or Trader Joes at Burroughs Hall(train stop). Food Sermon Kitchen does Caribbean food right, a mile away on Rogers Ave. ,try the coconut ginger sauce! Laundry on the corner and another one block away. Multiple buses B45, B44, B48
Reasons for leaving
Personal Reasons
furnished, comfy twin bed, utilities included, month to month available.
$1,250 per month
Earliest Move-In Immediate Earliest Move-Out Aug 31, 2017 Latest Move-Out Aug 31, 2018
- LISTING TYPE: Apartment Share
- POSTED BY: Tenant/Renter
- Poster says: Landlord Approved
- Bedrooms: Just a Room
- Bathrooms: 1
- Décor: Furnished Only
- Kind of Building: Rental building
- Opportunity to Renew Lease: Yes
- Brokerage Fee: The poster of this listing is NOT charging a brokerage fee.
- Last Updated: May 15, 2017
Apartment Features
- Renovated
Building Amenities
No details available.


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Looking for cool stuff to do this fall in Minneapolis? Maybe you want to be a two-wheeler and have the bike/segway experience. Or maybe you just want to shop til you literally...
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No other American city has a chain of lakes, the mighty Mississippi, and 200 miles of walking, biking and cross country ski trails within the city limits-literally steps from...
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With more than 520 stores, 50 restaurants, an indoor theme park, and tons of other family attractions and nightlife options, Mall of America is a must-see in Minneapolis.
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Order with Free Shipping
Free Shipping to Our Stores
All qualifying parts are identified with a message stating "Qualifies for Free Shipping..." Parts without this message do not qualify for Free Shipping.
*On All Parts When You Buy Online and Pick Up In Store
Installation coupon will be emailed after order has been confirmed.
This handy little ruler from the Gear Squad has been made available to help you properly identify your drive shaft u-joints.
Simply place the ruler's notched end against the tab end of your yoke, see where the ruler falls against the opposite tab, and that will identify your yoke.
To measure your u-joint, place the tab end against the u-joint cup squarely and view size at opposite cup. Due to age and wear, the caps may not be exactly on the line but very close.
Please refer to the u-joint tech sheet in the Gear Squad Tech Center more information.
Download Gear Squad U-Joints Ruler
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Truck and Jeep Parts Home
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Omix-ADA Replacement Fuel and Temperature Gauge Set - 17209.01
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For refunds on orders placed within the past 90 days, please contact us at 877-474-4821.
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Finally a reliable replacement Fuel and Temperature Gauge choice for 1955-1986 CJ's. We redesigned our gauges to offer the quality that everyone is asking for. The new gauges can be replaced independently of each other. When you choose Omix parts, you are choosing a quality, fit, and the most accurate line of Jeep® reproduction parts on the market. Superior packing keeps gauge from being damaged in shipping. Unlike the old Bi-Torque models, the new gauges can be replaced independently of each other. New Air Core movement dampens needle "bounce" without affecting the calibration or accuracy. No wire modification needed. Gauges powered by straight 12V power feed.
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by Boris Skoorb March 19, 2007
A person who is promiscuous. If you do not know what promiscuous means, it basically means to not be very picky over who you sleep with. Also known as being easy. A promo has a higher probability of having HIV or a STD.
by speed_racer July 02, 2006
The moustache you get after drinking a protein shake, similar to a milk moustache.
(friend finishes drinking protein shake) 'Mate, you've got a bit of a promo'
by thedevilicious November 29, 2015


text:
Associated Press North Carolina Daybook for Friday, Jun. 17.
The daybook is for planning purposes only and is not intended for publication or broadcast. You should verify any event you plan to cover.
Please keep the AP in mind when news develops.
UPDATED EVENT: Friday, Jun. 17 3:00 PM Dem Reps. David Price and Anna Eshoo host innovation 'listening tour' in Raleigh, NC – Democratic Reps. David Price and Anna Eshoo host 'listening tour' on the development of the Innovation Agenda 2.0 – an initiative of the House Democratic Caucus designed to replicate the success of the first Innovation Agenda – in Raleigh, NC. Schedule includes Innovation Agenda media roundtable following two closed-press discussions with senior executives from leading Triangle-area companies, higher education officials, representatives of the venture capital and start-up communities, and other entrepreneurs and innovators
Location: North Carolina State University, 1070 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC Raleigh http://price.house.gov/ https://twitter.com/RepDavidEPrice
Contacts: Lawrence Kluttz Rep. David Price Press [email protected] 1 202 557 8292
Friday, Jun. 17 9:00 AM North Carolina Gov. McCrory attends economic development announcement – North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory and Commerce Secretary John E. Skvarla, III attend an economic development announcement
Location: Halifax Corporate Park, 16504 Highway 561, Halifax, NC www.ncgov.com https://twitter.com/NCdotGov
Contacts: North Carolina Office of the Governor Communications [email protected] 1 919 814 2100
Friday, Jun. 17 10:30 AM North Carolina Permanency Innovation Initiative Oversight Committee meeting
Location: Legislative Building, 16 W Jones St, Raleigh, NC Raleigh www.ncleg.net
Contacts: Gloria Whitehead North Carolina Legislature [email protected]
Friday, Jun. 17 11:00 AM North Carolina Legislative Black Caucus Foundation's Education Scholarship Event
Location: Sheraton Imperial Hotel & Convention Center, 4700 Emperor Blvd, Durham, NC Durham http://nclbcf.org/
Contacts: NCLBCF [email protected]
Friday, Jun. 17 4:00 PM Fayetteville VA Medical Center hosts town hall meeting – Fayetteville VA Medical Center hosts town hall meeting for veterans, family members and the public to ask questions and voice concerns about care at local VA facilities
Location: Fayetteville VA Health Care Center, 7300 South Raeford Road, Fayetteville, NC Fayetteville http://www.va.gov/ https://twitter.com/DeptVetAffairs
Contacts: Jeffery Melvin Fayetteville VA Medical Center [email protected] 1 910 488 2120 x5991
Friday, Jun. 17 5:00 PM Museum of Durham History and Durham Center for Senior Life hold dedication ceremony – Museum of Durham History and Durham Center for Senior Life hold 'History Grove' dedication ceremony honoring the late Becky Melton Heron, 'who was a vigorous supporter in the planning and construction of the Senior Center and an advocate for resources for senior citizens'
Location: Plaza in front of Durham Center for Senior Life, 406 Rigsbee Ave, Durham, NC Durham https://www.museumofdurhamhistory.org/ https://twitter.com/durhamhistory
Contacts: Patrick Mucklow Museum of Durham History [email protected] 1 919 246 9993
Friday, Jun. 17 First Citizens Bancshares: Q2 2016 Ex-dividend date
Location: TBD http://www.firstcitizens.com/about_us/news/
Contacts: Barbara Thompson First Citizens Bankshares 1 919 716 2716
Saturday, Jun. 18 1:00 PM 12th Annual North Carolina Juneteenth Celebration event
Location: East Main Street, Durham, NC Durham http://spectacularmag.com/
Contacts: Spectacular Magazine 1 919 680 0465
Saturday, Jun. 18 7:30 PM Cradle of Forestry in America hosts annual Firefly Twilight Tour – Cradle of Forestry in America hosts annual Firefly Twilight Tour. The program includes discussion on the 'life cycle and special features of firefly biology and behavior, and discussion on forest ecology'
Location: 11250 Pisgah Hwy, Pisgah Forest, NC http://www.fs.fed.us/
Contacts: Cindy Carpenter National Forests in North Carolina 1 828 877 3130
Keywords: Daybook, North Carolina


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Welcome from Virginia.
This is a discussion on Just mailed my packet to DPS... within the New Members Introduce Yourself forums, part of the Welcome To DefensiveCarry.com category; Long time lurker, first time poster.... I took my CHL course this past Saturday and returned from Morphotrust about an hour ago. I wasn't sure ...
Long time lurker, first time poster....
I took my CHL course this past Saturday and returned from Morphotrust about an hour ago. I wasn't sure if I needed to include anything from the fingerprinting place in the packet otherwise I would have mailed it off first thing Monday. I just included the barcode, the CHL-6 form and the CHL-100 form. I guess that's all it takes? What's another 3 days added to probably a 7-8 week wait anyway?
Lots of good information and debates on this forum that can come very handy in every day life. Be safe out there, folks
Welcome from Virginia.
Freedom doesn't come free. It is bought and paid for by the lives and blood of our men and women in uniform.
USAF Retired
NRA Life Member
Welcome from GA
"Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everyone you meet."
-General James Mattis, USMC
Enjoy the forum....................
NRA Patron Member
GOA Life Member
Never look down on anybody, unless you're helping them up.
Welcome from Wisconsin!
USN Submarine & UDT/SEAL Veteran
1SG, US Army Retired - Airborne Infantry All the Way!
Retired PI/Armed Security
Welcome from Ohio.
"What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us." - Ralph Waldo Emerson
Welcome from Southwest Florida.
"As a strong supporter of our 2nd Amendment rights, I believe tougher enforcement of our nation's existing gun laws must be done before any more laws are enacted and put on the books."
Jeff Miller
Howdy from Ohio...good to have you in the house!
S&W M&P Full Size 9mm - Little FoxX IWB
S&W Shield 9mm - FoxX Trapp
Ruger 10/22 Takedown
NRA Life Member/GOA Life Member
Don't let the high post count fool you...I'm just part of the welcoming committee.
from Central Florida!
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
EOD - Initial success or total failure
What you listed is needed, plus the passport photos (or they can use your DL photo - but you still have to send in that form with "use DL photo" written on it).
Welcome from Wisconsin>
Fast is fine, but accuracy is everything.
Wyatt Earp
Welcome from Fort Worth, Texas.
NRA Life Member
GOA Life MemberMoving to a new location


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Bernard E. Bulwer, MD, MSc, FASE-Noninvasive Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsBernard E. Bulwer, MD, MSc, FASC trained at the Lown Cardiovascular Center and the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. After completing fellowship training in echocardiography at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, his passion is to make echocardiography more accessible to non-cardiologist by developing educational tools that will assist in the implementation of pocket echocardiography—or the ultrasound stethoscope—into medical education and healthcare. He serves as the principal investigator of a global project to implement portable echocardiography throughout the world.
Jose M Rivero, MD-Chief Cardiac Sonographer, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsForeword: Scott D. Solomon, MD-Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Echocardiography Pocket Guide: The Transthoracic Examination was recently awarded with 4 Stars for Doody's Book Review!
Developed for medical students, residents, cardiologists, and sonographers, Echocardiography Pocket Guide: The Transthoracic Examination presents a comprehensive, easy-to-understand, and practical guide to the performance and interpretation of the transthoracic examination.
Key features include:
- Practical step-by-step approach to the transthoracic examination
- Accurate depictions of echocardiographic anatomy
- Basic principles of ultrasonography
- Illustrated charts summarizing normal and abnormal cardiac structure and function
by Scott D. Solomon, MD Director, Noninvasive Cardiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital
Echocardiography is a manual skill. Unlike other imaging techniques, where a patient is positioned and a technician may press a series of buttons, echocardiography requires that a skilled operator apply a transducer manually to a patient's thorax. Moreover, as echocardiography is not a tomographic technique, the images obtained are neither uniform nor guaranteed to be of a certain quality or even spatial location. Hence, the quality of the images obtained is directly dependent on that operator's skill and experience; the success of the examination begins and ends at the hands of the person holding the transducer.
Echocardiography Pocket Guide: The Transthoracic Examination by Bernard Bulwer and José Rivero, provides an introduction to cardiac imaging with echocardiography for anyone interested in learning this skill. It will appeal to sonographers in training and beyond. It will appeal to cardiology fellows, emergency physicians, and any physician or health professional interested in learning echocardiography from a hands-on perspective.
In addition to providing an expert introduction to the process of performing an echocardiographic examination, this book is expertly illustrated and will guide users through the first steps of interpreting echocardiographic images. A good sonographer needs to know what to look for, and how to look for it. While a solid understanding of the kinds of pathology that are typically seen are essential in an echocardiographers training, the most important thing an echocardiographer can learn is to recognize normal, as only then can he or she appreciate and understand deviations from normality.
Note: Only Diamond member can download this ebook. Learn more here!


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|Reviews for For You, My Idiot Brother
| MoonzerratLhea-14 chapter 1 . 7/9/2013
It makes me want to have a twin!:DD xD *-*
u made me cry!
haha and I loved how he said, "you leave me no choice" and ZAAAZ! xD
| Long story chapter 1 . 9/30/2011
Awwww... That's a nice one... I like it... .
| Ellivia22 chapter 1 . 9/23/2011
Aww that was sweet. I really liked this one. One suggestion though, when you have the characters say something, it would be easier to read if you put quotations around it. Other than that, the story was great. Nice job. :)
P.S. Thanks again for your support in all of my Suite Life stories. I really appreciate it :)