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Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast represent a growing cancer survivor population with a diagnosis of uncertain malignant potential. These survivors face an absence of scientific guidelines regarding lifestyle changes that can help to prevent a breast cancer recurrence. In this first report from the Wisconsin In Situ Cohort (WISC) study, we examine how women are currently changing their lifestyle behaviors and medication use following a diagnosis of DCIS. At study entry (1997–2006), 1,959 subjects (78% of eligible) with DCIS were identified from the Wisconsin cancer registry and administered an interview assessing behaviors prior to diagnosis. Follow-up interviews were completed every 2 years after the initial interview, beginning in 2003 and continuing through 2006. After adjusting for age and calendar year, women were 2.2 kg (95% CI 1.4, 3.0) heavier, 35% (95% CI 20, 47) less likely to be a smoker, 19% (95% CI −1, 43) more likely to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 57% (95% CI 26, 95) more likely to use antidepressants after a DCIS diagnosis compared to 1 year prior to diagnosis. Use of postmenopausal hormones decreased sharply (OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.04, 0.09) following a DCIS diagnosis. These findings indicate that women make substantial changes in their behaviors after a DCIS diagnosis. This cohort will be further monitored to evaluate the association between these behaviors and health outcomes following DCIS.
Breast carcinoma in situ is the earliest form of breast cancer, in which the malignant cells have not yet invaded the surrounding tissue [1]. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of breast carcinoma in situ, making up about 85% of new breast carcinoma in situ diagnoses and 15–20% of all new breast cancer diagnoses overall [2]. There are approximately 500,000 women in the United States living with a DCIS diagnosis [3].
DCIS is considered a precursor lesion to invasive breast cancer and is typically treated with surgery and radiation [4]. Women with DCIS suffer similar reductions in physical and mental quality of life following their diagnosis as women with localized invasive cancer [5]. By definition, DCIS is confined to the basement membrane and, if completely excised, should cause no further morbidity or mortality [6]. However, recurrences do occur and women diagnosed with DCIS are more than four times as likely to develop invasive breast cancer compared to the general population [7]. While <2% of women diagnosed with DCIS die from breast cancer within 10 years, this mortality rate is almost twice that of women in the general population [6].
While a number of tumor factors have been identified which are associated with an increased likelihood of recurrence [8–11], there is very little evidence upon which to base recommendations of lifestyle changes to reduce risk of recurrence. Women with DCIS are often advised to follow general healthy-lifestyle guidelines (e.g., increasing physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight) and to avoid behaviors known to be associated with risk of an initial breast cancer.
Relatively little population-based information is known describing the changes in lifestyle behaviors and medication use that women adopt following a breast cancer diagnosis [12]. There is a paucity of data examining DCIS specifically. As DCIS is associated with a very good prognosis, women with DCIS may not modify their behaviors as dramatically as those faced with an invasive breast cancer diagnosis. Alternatively, women with DCIS may overestimate their risk of a subsequent invasive breast cancer diagnosis and adopt substantial changes [5, 13, 14].
Changes in lifestyle and medication use may have important implications for risk of future breast cancer diagnoses as well as for other health outcomes. The population-based Wisconsin In Situ Cohort (WISC) study was established to investigate risk of recurrence and quality of life among breast carcinoma in situ survivors. In this initial report, we describe the WISC cohort and examine patterns in lifestyle behaviors and medication use before and after a DCIS diagnosis. We focus on behaviors that are known or suspected to influence risk of an initial breast cancer diagnosis, recurrence, or other important health outcomes.
This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin Health Sciences Institutional Review Board. All subjects provided verbal informed consent.
The WISC is comprised of 1,037 incident breast carcinoma in situ cases (aged 20–74) who participated in a case–control study during 1997–2001 [15, 16] and 1,244 additional incident breast carcinoma in situ cases (aged 20–69) recruited during 2002–2006. All participants were female residents of Wisconsin, with a new first primary diagnosis of breast carcinoma in situ reported to the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System (the mandatory statewide tumor registry) during 1995–2006 and capable of granting a telephone interview. Eligibility was limited to cases with known dates of diagnosis and a listed telephone number. Cases recruited during 1997–2001 were also required to hold a Wisconsin driver's license for comparability with controls enrolled in a parallel case–control study [15, 16]. Overall, 78% of eligible cases enrolled in the study.
All study participants completed an initial telephone interview at study enrollment (1997–2006). This initial interview occurred on average 1.3 years (standard deviation, 0.44) after the breast carcinoma in situ diagnosis. Between 2003 and 2006, follow-up interviews were conducted at approximately 2-year interval. Of the 2,281 participants, 1,652 were enrolled by 2004 and therefore eligible for at least one re-contact interview before the end of data collection in December 2006. Of these 1,652 eligible, 78% (N = 1,281) completed the first re-contact interview. Of the 1,281 participants who completed the first re-contact interview, 734 completed it by 2004 and were eligible for a second re-contact interview. Of these 734 eligible, 86% (N = 634) completed the second re-contact interview.
The initial post-diagnosis telephone interview elicited complete reproductive and menstrual histories, medical and family histories, cancer screening history, demographic information, and health-related behaviors. Subjects were asked to recall body weight, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption (beginning in 2002), and smoking habits at 1 year prior to diagnosis. Specifically, participants were asked to recall the number of bottles or cans of beer, glasses of wine, and drinks of hard liquor consumed per day, week, or month; the number of servings of fruits and vegetables (separate items) consumed per day, week, or month; and whether they had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Subjects who had smoked over 100 cigarettes were asked whether they were smoking at 1 year prior to diagnosis.
The initial interview additionally assessed pre-diagnosis use of postmenopausal hormones and (beginning in interviews conducted in 1999) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antidepressants. Women were asked to recall if they had ever used hormones such as estrogen or progesterone for menopausal symptoms or osteoporosis for a total of 3 months or more. To assess NSAID use, the subjects were asked to recall if they had ever taken aspirin, ibuprofen, or any other anti-inflammatory medication to treat chronic pain or to prevent heart attack for six consecutive months. Study subjects were asked to recall if they had ever taken an antidepressant for at least three consecutive months. If a subject answered yes to any of these questions, the name of medication, frequency, start and stop dates for each formulation was recorded. For each medication, the start and end dates were used to classify use (yes vs. no) at a year prior to diagnosis.
At the re-contact interviews, subjects were asked to update their current body weight, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking habits, and use of postmenopausal hormones, NSAIDs, and antidepressants. They were also asked to report any recurrence or new breast cancer diagnoses.
Treatment information was obtained at the initial interview for all subjects recruited during 2002–2006, and updated during the follow-up interviews for all subjects. Collected information regarding treatment included surgical procedures, radiation therapy, and use of tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and raloxifene. As treatment data was not collected during the initial interview for subjects enrolled prior to 2002, treatment information is missing for subjects enrolled during 1997–2001 who did not complete a follow-up interview.
Under statutory mandate since 1976, the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System receives standardized cancer diagnosis reports from physicians, hospitals, and clinics across the state. The Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System provided data on each breast carcinoma in situ diagnosis, including date of diagnosis and tumor histology. Subtypes were defined using the International Classification of Disease—Oncology codes [17] as ductal (codes 8201, 8230, 8500, 8501, 8503, 8507, 8521–8523, and 8543), lobular (code 8520), and other (all other codes). Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status is not currently available. Women with concomitant in situ and invasive breast cancer were excluded.
We have conducted a number of sub-studies to assess the reliability of the questionnaire items, as measured using Cohen's κ (categorical items) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (continuous items) [18]. A sample of Wisconsin women with and without breast cancer was re-interviewed using a short form of the questionnaire. With an average of 9.5 months (range 8.6, 11.1) between interviews, 112 (92% of eligible) women with invasive breast cancer and 76 (90% of eligible) women without breast cancer were re-interviewed. Among all re-interviewed subjects, the intraclass correlation coefficient for body weight was 0.89 (lower 95% confidence interval, 0.86).
In a separate sub-study [19], 147 selected controls (95% of eligible), 124 invasive cases (98% of eligible), and 26 in situ cases (93% of eligible) were successfully re-contacted and re-interviewed, with an average of 3.0 months (range 1.4, 4.7 months) between interviews. Among all women combined, κ was 0.59 (95% CI 0.49, 0.70) for current use of NSAIDs and 0.66 (95% CI 0.49, 0.83) for current use of antidepressants.
The reliability of the assessment of alcohol consumption, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking was evaluated in a previous case–control study of invasive breast cancer which used the same format of questions [20]. After an average of 3.5 months (range 1.4, 5.6 months), 207 women with invasive breast cancer and 197 women without breast cancer were re-interviewed. The intraclass correlation coefficient among all subjects for drinks per week of alcohol was 0.76 (lower 95% confidence interval 0.73). κ was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97) for current smoking status and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84, 0.96) for current postmenopausal hormone use (among postmenopausal women only). The reliability of the fruit and vegetable consumption items has not been evaluated. Overall, these statistics indicate good-to-excellent reliability of these questionnaire items on lifestyle behaviors and medication use.
This analysis was limited to women diagnosed with DCIS (N = 1,959; 926 with an initial interview only, 564 with an initial interview and one re-contact interview, and 469 with an initial interview and two re-contact interviews). Seventy-eight women with DCIS who reported a second breast cancer diagnosis (in situ or invasive) following their entry into the cohort were censored at the time of the second diagnosis.
All analyses were performed using SAS Statistical Software (Version 9; SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Least squared means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for body weight, alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption were calculated using multivariable analysis of variance including covariates for age and calendar year corresponding to the date for which the health-behavior was assessed. A spatial power structure correlation matrix was used to account for repeated measurements on individuals [21]. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs of being a smoker or user of postmenopausal hormones, NSAIDs, and antidepressants as a function of time since the DCIS diagnosis. The logistic regression models were adjusted for age and calendar year. The alternating logistic regressions algorithm with the exchangeable log odds ratio regression structure was used to account for repeated measures [21]. Tests for interaction were conducted by the inclusion of cross-product terms in the models.
Selected characteristics of the study subjects are shown in Table 1. The median age at diagnosis was 55.9 years. Though breast conserving surgery combined with radiation was the most common treatment (44%), a substantial fraction of women had a mastectomy (31%). Tamoxifen use was reported by 35% of the study sample. Over half of the study sample was overweight or obese at 1 year prior to diagnosis.
Of the subjects who completed the first follow-up interview (N = 1,033), 52% gained more than 2.3 kg (five pounds) since a year prior to their diagnosis, with 17% gaining more than 9 kg (20 lb). Among all subjects, body weight was significantly higher post-diagnosis than at 1 year prior to diagnosis after adjustment for age and calendar year (74.1 vs. 72.0 kg, P < 0.001; Table 2). The difference in body weight was not attributable to the weight gain associated with aging. Body weight was greater after diagnosis than that at 1 year prior to diagnosis in every age strata (Fig. 1).
Overall, the multivariable-adjusted difference in body weight before and after diagnosis was most pronounced among women who quit smoking (5.2 kg; 95% CI 1.0, 9.4), though a significant difference was also observed among women who refrained from smoking throughout the study period (2.2 kg; 95% CI 1.3, 3.0; Pinteraction = 0.01). Weight gain after diagnosis was somewhat more pronounced among women who used tamoxifen (2.4 kg; 95% CI 1.1, 3.8; pre- vs. post-diagnosis) compared to those who had not (1.8 kg; 95% CI 0.8, 2.9; Pinteraction = 0.15). Weight gain did not vary significantly according to history of postmenopausal hormone use (Pinteraction = 0.78).
After adjusting for age and calendar year, no statistically significant differences in alcohol consumption or fruit and vegetable consumption were observed between DCIS cases before and after diagnosis (Table 2).
At 1 year prior to diagnosis, 14.5% of DCIS cases were smokers (Table 3). Among these smokers who completed the first follow-up interview, 38% had quit smoking after their diagnosis. Among DCIS cases who were non-smokers prior to diagnosis, 0.4% had begun smoking by the time of the first follow-up interview. Overall, DCIS cases were 35% less likely to be smoking after diagnosis than at 1 year prior to diagnosis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.53, 0.80). The reduced odds of smoking post-diagnosis appeared to persist throughout the duration of follow-up.
Among postmenopausal women, use of hormones dropped sharply from 42.8 to 3.1% following a DCIS diagnosis (Table 4). After adjustment for age and calendar year, women were 94% (OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.04, 0.09) less likely to use postmenopausal hormones after diagnosis than at a year prior to diagnosis. Survivors continued to avoid use of postmenopausal hormones through the 11 years of follow-up. Hormone use among all subjects (before or after diagnosis) declined after the year 2002 when the adverse effects of hormone use were described in the Women's Health Initiative trial [22]. In analyses limited to dates after 2002, women were 91% (OR = 0.09; 95% CI 0.06, 0.14) less likely to report use of postmenopausal hormones after their DCIS diagnosis compared to 1 year prior to diagnosis.
In the 1 year prior to diagnosis, 29.2% of DCIS cases used NSAIDs, compared to 43.4% after diagnosis (Table 4). Some of this crude overall difference was attributable to the age difference between cases before and after diagnosis, as there was a strong positive association between age and NSAID use among the study population. After adjustment for age and calendar year, women were 19% (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.99, 1.43) more likely to use NSAIDs after diagnosis than at 1 year before diagnosis.
Following diagnosis, DCIS cases were 57% more likely to use antidepressants than at 1 year prior to diagnosis (OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.26, 1.95; Table 4). This elevated use appeared to decline over the course of follow-up, and was no longer statistically significant after 6 years post-diagnosis. The increased use of antidepressants was similar among DCIS survivors regardless of history of postmenopausal hormone use (Pinteraction = 0.46). However, the elevated odds of antidepressant use after diagnosis was most pronounced among users of tamoxifen (OR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.59, 3.26), whereas only a moderate increase in antidepressant use was observed among non-users of tamoxifen (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 0.90, 1.64; Pinteraction = 0.01).
The differences between pre- and post-diagnosis body weight, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, NSAID use, and antidepressant use did not appear to vary strongly by age, education, or surgical treatment (all Pinteraction > 0.05; data not shown).
In this first report of the WISC Study, we found that women tended to gain weight, quit smoking, increase use of NSAIDs and antidepressants, and dramatically decrease use of postmenopausal hormones following a DCIS diagnosis. Little difference in alcohol or fruit and vegetable consumption was detected after diagnosis.
Women tended to report a heavier body weight following their DCIS diagnosis than their recalled body weight at 1 year prior to diagnosis even after adjusting for the changes in weight associated with aging. The difference in weight was most pronounced within the first 4 years after diagnosis. These findings are similar to those reported by the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) study [23], in which breast carcinoma in situ survivors (N = 127) gained 1.3 kg on average between 1 and 3 years post-diagnosis. These results suggest that weight gain after a DCIS diagnosis may tend to be somewhat less than that previously reported for invasive breast cancer survivors [24, 25]. This difference may be due to differences in the physiological or psychological impacts of in situ and invasive breast cancer diagnoses, as well as differences in the type of treatment received. In the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study [25], invasive breast cancer survivors were more 1.65 times more likely to gain weight (≥5% of body weight) if they received chemotherapy. A smaller weight gain among DCIS survivors would thus be consistent with the rare use of chemotherapy in the treatment of DCIS (<1% in this population).
Tamoxifen has been associated with weight gain in some [26, 27] but not all [28, 29] controlled clinical trials in breast cancer survivors and high risk women. We observed somewhat greater weight gain following diagnosis among women who had used tamoxifen, though substantial weight gain was also observed in women who had not. The relative contributions of changes in metabolism rates, physical activity levels, and dietary intake to weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis remain unclear [30]. In the HEAL study [31], women with breast carcinoma in situ decreased their vigorous physical activity levels following their diagnosis. It has also been reported that survivors diagnosed with breast carcinoma in situ engage in lower levels of total physical activity after diagnosis than those with invasive breast cancer [32]. Ligibel et al. [33] recently reported that physical activity levels among 391 DCIS survivors were lower among women who underwent mastectomy and women who reported higher anxiety levels. Unfortunately we were unable to compare physical activity levels before and after a DCIS diagnosis in our study, as physical activity was assessed differently at the initial and follow-up interviews.
We observed little change in alcohol or fruit and vegetable consumption after a DCIS diagnosis. Thomson et al. [34] previously reported that 57% of women who consumed alcohol prior to an invasive breast cancer diagnosis reported decreasing their consumption following diagnosis. A few studies have reported that up to 70% of invasive breast cancer survivors report increasing their fruit and vegetable consumption after diagnosis [32, 34, 35]. In contrast, Wayne et al. [36] reported no change in mean intake of fruits and vegetables between 1 year prior and 2 years after a breast carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer diagnosis. Variation in the assessment of change in diet is likely to account for variation between studies [36].
We found a large fraction of women quit smoking after diagnosis, yet a substantial number (~8%) of DCIS survivors remained smokers. These results are generally similar to the reductions in smoking observed after an invasive breast cancer diagnosis [24, 37].
Only 3% of DCIS survivors reported post-diagnosis use of postmenopausal hormones. Notably, use of postmenopausal hormones in the general population has declined since the publication in 2002 of the results of the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial [38]. However, the decline in hormone use following a DCIS diagnosis was independent of this secular trend. In analyses restricted to 2003–2006, postmenopausal hormone use was 91% lower among women after a DCIS diagnosis compared to pre-diagnosis reports during the same time period.
We observed elevated use of NSAIDs and antidepressants among women following a DCIS diagnosis compared to the recalled level of use pre-diagnosis. Both of these trends suggest that DCIS diagnosis and treatment may lead to health effects which require pharmacologic intervention. The LACE study has previously reported that 22.6% of invasive breast cancer survivors used NSAIDs after diagnosis [39] and the HEAL study found that 15% of breast cancer survivors (in situ and invasive combined) were taking antidepressants [40]. Chubak et al. [41] found that antidepressant use among invasive breast cancer survivors rose from 23% in 1990 to 36% in 1999, while only 14% of these survivors had used antidepressants in the year prior to their diagnosis. Elevated rates of depression have been observed among breast cancer survivors, with a reported prevalence ranging as high as 46% [42]. Some antidepressants (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can also provide relief from menopausal symptoms, potentially explaining the particularly common use of antidepressants we observed among DCIS survivors treated with tamoxifen.
A number of limitations should be considered in the interpretation of this study. While participation in the initial and re-contact interviews was excellent (≥78% of eligible), it remains possible that women who participated had more healthy lifestyles or differed in other ways from those who refused to participate. Eligible women with DCIS who did not complete a follow-up interview were less likely to have a college diploma (20%) and more likely to be a smoker (20%) at the initial interview, but were similar to participants in regard to age, body weight, and family history of breast cancer.
We relied upon self reports of all health-related behaviors. In separate sub-studies we have found that reliability of this self-reported data is good. Among women who were re-interviewed, we found intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75 for body weight and alcohol consumption, and Cohen's κ ranging from 0.59 for NSAID use to 0.91 for smoking status (see "Methods" for further details). However, the validity of this self-reported data in our population has not been assessed. In addition, it is possible that women with DCIS may artificially alter their response to conform to an expected change in certain behaviors following diagnosis.
Health-related behaviors at 1 year prior to diagnosis were assessed in interviews conducted approximately 1 year after diagnosis. On average, this required subjects to recall behaviors from 2 years past. This reliance on recall likely contributed to measurement error in the pre-diagnosis behaviors. Beyond the typical measurement error inherent in recall over such a period of time, it is possible that the DCIS diagnosis may have clouded the subject's perception of their pre-diagnosis behaviors. Unfortunately, we have little evidence to assess the potential magnitude or direction of this bias. Finally, our assessment of dietary intake of alcohol and fruits and vegetables was not in the context of a full diet assessment (e.g., food frequency questionnaire) and may therefore be insensitive to true changes in dietary patterns.
Important strengths of the study include the large, population-based sample and the assessment of health-related behaviors for up to 11 years of follow-up after the initial diagnosis.
The influence of changes in health-related behaviors on risk of recurrence after a DCIS diagnosis is currently unknown. The limited data regarding risk of recurrence after an invasive breast cancer diagnosis suggests that post-diagnosis weight gain [43] and postmenopausal hormone use [44] increase risk of recurrence, while use of NSAIDs [39] may lower recurrence rates. Smoking has been associated with all-cause mortality among breast cancer survivors, though it has not been associated with breast cancer specific mortality or risk of recurrence [37]. Notably, some new antidepressants inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6, which metabolizes tamoxifen to its most active metabolite [45]. We observed that 26% of women treated with tamoxifen also reported post-diagnosis use of antidepressants. Fortunately, the limited evidence to date suggests no impact of antidepressant use on recurrence after a breast cancer diagnosis [41]. However, there remains a need for further studies with long follow-up periods to confirm this conclusion.
Women with DCIS represent a growing cancer survivor population with a long life expectancy following their diagnosis. Relative survival among DCIS cases approaches that of women without breast cancer [6], yet the psychological impact of a DCIS diagnosis appears similar to that of a localized invasive breast cancer diagnosis [5]. This may present a unique opportunity in which women are highly motivated to adopt lifestyle changes which could lower their risk of future breast cancer diagnoses and improve other health outcomes. This cohort will continue to be monitored to investigate the relation between health-related behaviors and risk of recurrence and other health outcomes after a DCIS diagnosis.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (CA67264 and CA47147). Dr. Sprague is supported by a fellowship from the Prevent Cancer Foundation and the American Society of Preventive Oncology. We are grateful to Drs. Ronald Gangnon, Henry Anderson, Patrick L. Remington, Kathleen Egan, and Linda Titus-Ernstoff for study-related advice; Laura Stephenson and the staff of the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System; and WISC study staff including Julie McGregor, Kathy Peck, Mary Pankratz, Linda Haskins, and Jerry Phipps, along with the study interviewers for assistance with data collection. We are especially grateful to the study participants, whose generosity made this research possible.
Brian L. Sprague, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA. University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
Amy Trentham-Dietz, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA. University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
Hazel B. Nichols, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
John M. Hampton, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
Polly A. Newcomb, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, 610 Walnut St., WARF Room 307, Madison, WI 53726, USA. Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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This is my favorite word ever in Latin. It's not beautiful, per se (:P), but it means "to laugh." Et amo ridere. Err... And I love to laugh. Also, because I love this word so much, I (unlike all of my non-Latin-speaking friends) have never suggested that something was "rediculous" over gchat.
On the one hand, I love that I know grex, gregis means "flock," so something egregious is something out of (ex) the flock (gregis). A congregation is a gathering of the flock. To aggregate is to collect or unite the flock; to segregate is to separate the flock; and to be gregarious is to be socially outgoing or fond of company (the flock).
I know that a metonymy (literally meaning 'change of name') is a figure of speech in which the part is used to represent the whole (e.g., salt = sea; bow = ship, suit = businessperson.); a zeugma (literally meaning 'to yoke') is the use of a single word in two different senses (e.g., "He fell asleep and overboard," "He knocked her down and up"); and Dorothy and Theodore are chiastic hautoglottaral synchyses (loosely translating to reversal and mixing of their own... language?) -- doro- means gift and theo- means god, so Theodore and Dorothy are both gifts from God.
Accord comes from cor, cordis, which means "heart" (awww). Computer comes from puto, putare, which means "to think, to know." Concur, from curro, currere, means "to run with"; Volvo means "I roll"; decimate means "take to a tenth"; and annihilate comes from the Latin words ad, "to," and nihil, "nothing."
But, like I said, it's also a curse.
Everyone always uses "who" when them mean "whom" -- who is nominative (a subject), and whom is used as an object or with a preposition (e.g., "... whom I knew," "...with whom I play basketball").
People don't understand that "try" takes the infinitive, not a conjunction -- id est (i.e.), you try TO do something, you don't try AND do something. (With a few exceptions. You could try and see what happens, for example.)
But the one that kills me most?
In Latin, the word "vagina" literally means sheath or scabbard.
First of all, I'm not in fifth grade, so I don't really appreciate a crass analogy being used to name a part of my body.
Second, fuck that shit. I refuse to define a part of my body as a function of man's "sword."
It's certainly not very empowering. Nor is it inclusive. What if you're asexual? What if you don't use your vagina as a sheath for someone's sword? What if you simply, on principle, object to defining your anatomy that way?
Obviously, this is not something I think is important enough to be at the forefront of feminist causes. We have much greater problems to worry about -- from the sexual assault epidemic on college campuses to "intersectional" feminists hijacking feminist causes and putting women in harm's way to men stealing credit for women's contributions in science.
I find words like "nice guy" and "friend zone" much more troubling than I find the word vagina, as they feed into this whole culture of male entitlement, which literally kills women. (And men, for that matter.)
(But honestly, if someone were going to call me an ugly name, I'd rather be called a cunt than a pussy. Cunt is a way to express hatred and distaste -- particularly at a woman who doesn't care what you think and does whatever the f she wants. #BeRude. Versus a pussy, who is someone with negative, cowardly, and traditionally feminine traits.)
However, if you find the word pussy sexy... go for it, I guess. If the uses and connotations of that word don't bother you, and pussy is your preferred word for that part of your body, that is your choice. (After all, feminism isn't about forcing everyone to agree with every possible progressive cause. It's about empowering people to make choices.)
Just like, if you want to define yourself as a cis female, go for it! Personally, I prefer to identify simply as female. That's my choice.
Maybe someday, feminism will have come so far that we can begin seriously worrying about science and society's use of the word "vagina" (which, 99% of the time, actually means "vulva" -- but I digress). But for now, I'm happy to just let my friends know, "Hey, I don't love that word. I think it's a little demeaning. Here's why..."
(Funny story: Last week, I was having dinner with one of my favorite male friends. Somehow, the female anatomy came up, and he awkwardly referred to my "birth canal." To which I replied, "I recognize and appreciate your attempt to use an inoffensive word. But WHAT IF I DON'T WANT TO HAVE KIDS? WHAT IF I CAN'T HAVE KIDS? BIRTH CANAL IS AN AWFUL AND EXCLUSIVE WORD CHOICE!!!
"Just kidding. You're amazing. Thanks for being supportive.")
- How science and medical research have historically shortchanged women (and still do -- see this Nature editorial).
- Euphemisms vs. Dysphemisms, and other psycholinguistics concepts, including the age-old question, "Does the language define the connotations, or do the connotations define the language?"
- What are the different words for "vagina" (or, 99% of the time, "vulva"). Which ones are offensive? Which are not? Why? What would you call it?
- At what point do outdated names become offensive enough that we should consider renaming? (Did you know that there are over 1,441 federally-recognized places in the U.S. with names that include racial slurs? E.g., Chinaman Hat, Dead Negro Spring, and Squaw Valley.)
Again, my point isn't to force others to agree with me. As I wrote in Everyday Feminism is a Joke and No One Should Ever Read It, you are welcome to disagree with me. As long as you are not a bully or a spammer, I want to know what you think -- and I want to know why you think that.
So, share! What do you think about the etymology of the word vagina? Do you have a different word you prefer to use, socially or scientifically? Why or why not?
Want to know more? Check out The Mother Tongue: English And How It Got That Way, a hilariously informative book by one of my favorite authors, Bill Bryson. Find it on Amazon - or get it for free on Audible. People will think you're the smartest! :P

subset: commoncrawl


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By RON WOODY
Roane County Executive
This article is intended to make citizens aware of Roane County's outstanding debt and to let citizens know we now have a structured program to manage the county's current debt and future debt obligations.
As I began the administration of Roane County government, I focused on establishing debt management and capital project policies.
The Meigs County Tigers came in to Kingston Friday night and split with the Yellow Jackets.
The Lady Jackets played hard, but just could not get any rhythm and lost by a final score of 70-46 while the boys got into a rhythm early and held on down the stretch to win 57-48.
The Harriman Lady Blue Devils went to Wartburg looking for a win to steal. They weren't in a bind, they weren't behind, as they managed to seal the deal with a 39-34 win over the Lady Bulldogs.
The Oliver Springs Bobcats suffered a pair of tough losses over the weekend, but those losses came against Class AAA teams and should help Tony Ingram's squad as they prepare for battle in District 4-A.
This past weekend was a tough one for Randy Nesbit's Roane State Raiders as they dropped a pair of tough games in TJCCAA Conference action.
The Midway Middle School Green Waves got in one final home game last Thursday night before embarking on a four-game road trip that begins Thursday at Wartburg. The send off wasn't a good one, however, as Lenoir City Middle won both games, 44-18 in the girls contest and 52-32 in the boys game.
Girls Game
When Midway hosted Monterey in November, the Green Wave and Lady Waves were swept by the Wildcats.
The rematch on Saturday proved a little better as Midway traveled to Monterey and picked up a split with the Wildcats.
The Roane State Raiderettes came close to picking up their first win of the season Friday night before dropping a 66-57 decision at home in overtime against Columbia State.
The Oliver Springs Lady Bobcats took on a pair of Class AAA teams over the weekend as Michelle Christopher's squad split with William Blount and Seymour.
On the football field, the Rockwood Tigers are known as a tough, hard-nosed team that looks to pound their opponents into submission.
Copyright © 2017
The Roane County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Roane County and Kingston, Tennessee, and the surrounding area.


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Courtesy Wikipedia/Lvklock (CC BY-SA 3.0)
1501 Buffalo Avenue
Niagara Falls, NY, USA
Adams Hydroelectric Generating Plant
Location: Niagara Falls, NY, USA
Date: 1895
The Adams Hydroelectric Generating Plant, built 1895, was the first large-scale, AC (Alternating Current) electricity-generating plant in the world.
When the Adams Plant went into operation on August 26, 1895, it represented a key victory for alternating-current systems over direct-current. The clear advantage of high voltage AC for long distance power transmission and the unprecedented size of the plant (it reached its full capacity of ten 5,000-HP generators in May 1900) influenced the future of the electrical industry worldwide. In August 1895 the Adams No. 1 generating station of the Niagara Falls Power Company first supplied electric power to local industries in Niagara Falls, New York. This station (now demolished) was the first large-scale multiphase power station with commercial operations at Niagara Falls. On 18 May 1910, the Niagara Transformer Station of the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario began collecting power from several generating stations at Niagara Falls, Ontario and began distributing power from Niagara Falls over a network of transmission lines to loads throughout southern Ontario. It was the first time that power was distributed to an entire region over a long-distance network of high voltage transmission lines. By these events, Niagara Falls became established internationally as the birthplace of a new electric utility industry that brought the benefits of large-scale power developments to users spread over vast areas. This arrangement for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power departed from the prevailing approach of localized developments and formed the basis of the electric utility industry as we know it today.
Dedicated 21 June 1990 - IEEE Buffalo Section
Era: 1890-1899


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Federer doesn't care about number one spot, says Nadal
By Julien Pretot
PARIS (Reuters) - Been there, done that. Roger Federer does not need to be world number one anymore and he might well be a top contender at next year's Australian Open, his chief rival Rafa Nadal said.
Federer's decline has been well documented since 2011, the year he failed to win a grand slam for the first time since 2003. He suffered yet another below par performance this season, at best reaching the last four at the Australian Open -- the first time he has not made it to a major final since 2002.
The Swiss, however, has a record 17 grand slam titles to his name and has spent 302 weeks at the top of the ATP rankings.
He does remain a formidable opponent, according to current world number one Nadal.
"I don't have any doubt that he will be playing better than what he did this year," the Spaniard told a news conference at the Paris Masters, where the two could clash in the final.
"No doubt about that. His talent allows him to keep being one of the favorites, to keep winning the best tournaments of the year.
"So talking about if he's able to be back or try to be back in the No. 1 (spot), I think it's not his goal, because at the end he already has been there. He has been in the top positions of the ranking for a long time."
Federer, who lost the Basel final to Juan Martin del Potro on Sunday, will be seeded fifth in Paris as he looks to secure a spot in next month's ATP World Tour Finals. Continued...


text: NEW YORK, Nov. 5, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Despite increasing regulatory requirements for hedge funds, only 10% of investors feel that regulations effectively protect their interests, and 85% of investors do not believe these requirements will help prevent the next financial crisis, according to Ernst & Young's sixth annual survey of the global hedge fund market, Finding Common Ground. To view the multimedia assets associated with this release, please click: http://www.multivu.com/mnr/59011-ernst-young-global-hedge-fund-survey-perceived-benefits-of-regulation The 2012 survey, compiled by consulting firm Greenwich Associates for Ernst & Young, compares opinions from 100 hedge fund managers who manage over US$710 billion and 50 institutional investors with over US$190 billion allocated to hedge funds on current topics related to the hedge fund industry. Findings show that although the two groups agree on increasing investments in headcount, technology and risk management, stark contrasts exist on compensation structure, fees and expenses. Ratan Engineer, global leader of Ernst & Young's Asset Management practice, says: "Our survey findings suggest that hedge fund regulations are not beneficial to investors, who overwhelmingly question their purpose and proliferation. It may still be worthwhile for hedge fund managers to constructively engage with regulators to help them stay focused on the main goal – financial stability – rather than introducing more costly or unnecessary requirements that investors feel are of little value." Key findings from the report include: Regulatory compliance Managers will need to commit time and resources to understanding and complying with various regulatory requirements. Managers are already seeing regulations increasing their costs in prompting upgrades of compliance functions (34%) and technology dedicated to reporting (17%). Although investors expect these additional compliance costs, they fear these expenses will be passed on to the funds. Arthur Tully, co-leader of Ernst & Young's Global Hedge Funds practice, says: "The general increase in costs, including regulatory-related expenses, has created barriers to entry and has resulted in the consolidation of funds that do not have the capital to support the costly infrastructure required. This is a trend we will likely see continue in the near future." Compensation Investors and hedge fund managers have made little progress since 2010 in reconciling their opinions of how compensation should align with risk and performance. In many ways, they are drifting further apart. In 2010, 94% of managers felt risk and performance were effectively aligned with investor objectives, while 50% of investors felt the same, according to Restoring the Balance, Ernst & Young's 2010 survey of the global hedge fund market. In 2012, 87% of managers feel this is true, while only 42% of investors agree. In addition, more than two-thirds of managers say that their compensation structure has not changed in the past three years – just 14% say that less is paid in cash, and just 10% say that compensation is subject to longer deferral periods. Investors, by contrast, say less than 40% of compensation should be paid in cash; they would like to see a larger portion paid in equity and deferred cash, subject to clawbacks. The gap between managers and investors on compensation structures is not new, but the fact that it shows no sign of narrowing may become troublesome. However, this dissonance has not caused material redemptions, nor do investors cite it as a key consideration for choosing a fund.


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Taco Bell Crime of the Week: Getaway Car Smashes into Restaurant!
Geez, not only do you have to worry about Taco Bell's food rampaging its way through your digestive tract, but imagine having to worry about a car crashing into a Taco Bell at the same time. It happens, you know.
A car fleeing from a south Sacramento robbery smashed into a Taco Bell, police said.
Police are searching for three men wanted in connection with the holdup, which took place at about 2:15 a.m. in the parking lot of the restaurant, which is located near the intersection of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Fruitridge Road.
Employees said they saw three men rob and punch a man in the parking lot.
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Nothing. Just trying to be funny.<quoted text>what does any of this got to do with this blog?
Ex-bank manager admits stealing $516,000 from elderly
There are 367 comments on the Connecticut Post story from Apr 2, 2009, titled Ex-bank manager admits stealing $516,000 from elderly. In it, Connecticut Post reports that:A former Webster Bank branch manager in Trumbull admitted stealing $516,000 from seven bank accounts belonging to elderly or deceased customers over a year-long period.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Connecticut Post.
#324 Oct 13, 2013
United States
#325 Oct 13, 2013
I remember hearing about him getting money from home depot.. I don't know how much he got..but what the hell did these people do with all this money..their house is in foreclosure..he hardly works..
#326 Dec 5, 2013
Just as an FYI they got 80,000 from Home Depot. Yes 80k... The more they have the more they want... I don't feel sorry for them they did it to themselves . No one made them do it... The more they had the more they wanted.. The kids new were did the got there cars mommy and daddy I need money go to mommy and daddy. Wait is that my dad on a date it's ok. He dates on Friday all Other women and my mom on Saturday that is what the Arainos do... That is how we roll. Even with my marriage free love.. That is how we roll.
We live like these heat is the problem...
#327 Dec 5, 2013
I love my mommy and daddy until they went to jail and stop giving me everything...
They hurt a lot of people... They made life hard for a lot if people....
Bad car-ma
United States
#328 Dec 5, 2013
She's a stupid woman too put up with him..she knows all about these woman he goes out with..he has hurt a lot of these woman he went out with financially and emotionally..he cheated on all of them..once when he had his car lot i happened to walk in his office there was a woman underneath his desk given him a BJ..hes a pig..prostitutes visited him often at his car lot..isn't his wife ashamed to be seen with him..there's a lot that you don't know about him...i would be ashamed to be seen with him if i was his kids...i hear no one talks to him in his and his wife family..
United States
#329 Mar 7, 2014
Just saw him the other day with someone new...he need's a new hair piece..he looks awful..i guess his wife is not supporting him anymore..
United States
#331 Mar 9, 2014
That's how he lives...stealing or manipulates these stupid broads that he goes out with..
#333 Mar 10, 2014
I couldn't never understand he took advantage of all these broads he goes out with.,, emotionally and financially .. I've heard so many stories of money that he took from them and never paid back.. And they never pressed charges against him...
#335 Mar 10, 2014
why would he threatened them or blackmail them .,. He's the one who has issues ., it would be the other way around .. Them blackmailing him..
United States
#336 Apr 1, 2014
If you only knew..
#337 Apr 2, 2014
I probably know more then you think... Would u find it weird he his wife and his dwarf girlfriend go to the same hairdresser in Fairfield .. They're the talk of the place.. How strange is that ...and what's wrong with this picture.. Lol ... And now he's been seeing with a dark skin on a date and a few others.. Soo the dwarf must be history... He's been doing this since before he got married and after and still doing .. Ladies get a life .. Your wasting your time.. It you only knew what he did st his car place it would make your stomach turn.. And let's not talk about what you can catch from him..
Since: Mar 11
Location hidden
#338 Apr 2, 2014
Oh stop it, Samuel.
Since: Aug 10
Location hidden
#339 Apr 2, 2014
#323... Citizen
I am not Dave.
#340 Apr 8, 2014
I remember him being sick while his wife was in jail... I heard he had something I can't post on this site, but you ladies better watch out, I went out 2 times with him for coffee.. He was in my face the all time we where out .. Talking sexual to me he was trying to make me fall for him . I thought he was disgusting the things he was saying then he lied about him getting a divorce, then he expected for me to pick up the check, he told me his wife was in jail that he was gone divorce her, later on come to find from someone that knew him told me he was the reason his wife was in jail, she stole for him.
#342 May 4, 2014
Deleted comment's .....did someone hit a nerve..
Since: Jan 08
Location hidden
#343 May 4, 2014
Look what I found!
Since: Jan 08
Location hidden
#344 May 4, 2014
Go take a look at this page. She's still listed as 'manager'.
#345 May 4, 2014
she may still be listed... That's old news.. She will never work in a bank again.. She got fired from her last job last year.. She was working for an energy company.. She's working some where else now
United States
#346 May 24, 2014
She's went through all this...went to jail for stealing money from dead people for him..ruined her reputation and her life..he hasn't changed...soo what's wrong with her..
United States
#347 May 25, 2014
I would say she's dilusional.... Obviously the jail time didn't teach her a lesson.... While he goes around screwing all these other woman and who knows what else she takes him back.. How pathetic is she...
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text: Steinberg Cubase Artist v6.5 x64 WIN-ZAKA ZAKA | 30 December 2015 | 155 MBWith a rich feature set tailored to professional musicians and composers, Cubase Artist offers a wealth of music technology that seeks its equal in its price class. These include an outstandingly efficient new audio engine, inspirational song- writing features, superb virtual instruments, FX and amps, and much, much more. Key features - Complete music production system, offering a set of superb audio/MIDI recording, editing and mixing tools - Award-winning 32-bit floating-point Steinberg audio engine with up to 192 kHz, flexible routing and full automatic delay compensation - Supports 128 MIDI and 64 simultaneous audio tracks - MixConsole provides the stellar mixing experience with full flexibility and integrated EQ/Dynamics channel strip modules for epic pro-console sound - 8 outstanding instruments with over 3000 sounds, including HALion Sonic SE 2 workstation, Padshop granular synth, Retrologue 2 virtual analog synth, LoopMash 2 and the MPC- style Groove Agent SE 4 drum machine - Includes a suite of 53 audio and 18 MIDI VST effect processors, including Pitch Correct for vocal intonation correction and VST Amp Rack and VST Bass Amp guitar and bass tone suites, Quadrafuzz v2 and more! - Chord track and chord pads for easy chord composing and management - Thousands of MIDI construction loops as building blocks to create songs in only a few steps - VST Transit cloud collaboration service - Streamlined score editing feature set - Cross-platform 32-/64-bit for Windows and OS X Installation: 1. Install Cubase 6.5 2. Delete everything in C:\Program Files\Steinberg\Cubase 6\VST3. 3. Copy and replace patched file to the installation folder 4. Start Cubase and choose the Artist version. 5. Enjoy Homwpage: Code: https://www.steinberg.net/en/products/cubase/line_up/cubase_artist.html Link Download: Code: Download Via Nitroflare http://www.nitroflare.com/view/A0C7BD1FB5368BB/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part1.rar http://www.nitroflare.com/view/595B5AA70437083/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part2.rar Download Via xxxxxxxx http://xxxxxxxx.net/file/lxntad4g/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part1.rar http://xxxxxxxx.net/file/708v7n4b/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part2.rar Download Via xxxxxxxx http://xxxxxxxx.net/file/1dd710e50d6584bd0bca8c9d3293dffe/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part1.rar.html http://xxxxxxxx.net/file/4c18512642f2ce822521c7a46dd33855/Steinberg.Cubase.Artist.v6.5.x64-ZAKA.part2.rar.html


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- First Selectman's Biography
First Selectman's Biography
Ellen Scalettar is in her second term as First Selectman of the Town of Woodbridge. In that capacity, she has made the fiscal health of the Town a top priority. She has worked closely with the Town's Finance Director and Board of Finance to maintain practices that have resulted in consistent Aaa Moody's bond ratings and Distinguished Budget Presentation and Certificate for Excellence in Financial Reporting awards from the national Government Finance Officers Association.
Ellen also focuses on supporting our local businesses, enhancing town communications and expanding the use of green and efficient energy.
Under Ellen's leadership the Economic Development Commission has become more active and the Town hosted its first multi-commission economic development meeting. Ellen regularly visits local businesses to explore how best to support and promote them through the Town's communication vehicles. She views this as important to broadening Woodbridge's tax base.
Ellen reinvigorated the Energy Advisory Task Force which recently completed energy audit and solar campaigns resulting in more than 50 new residential solar installations and more than 100 home energy audits. She is also involved in the creation of the Town's fuel cell powered microgrid and a proposal to install solar panels on the Town's capped landfill.
At Ellen's direction, the Town now has an email newsletter that keeps more than 1,000 Town residents up to date on Woodbridge happenings and the Town has launched a new and easier-to-use website. In addition, Ellen has initiated new opportunities for Woodbridge residents to come together, such as Woodbridge Night at Long Wharf Theatre, the Farmers' Market, the Wisdom of Woodbridge lecture series and a One Community, One Read program.
Ellen is an attorney who served as State Representative for the 114th District from 1993-1998. Following that, her positions have included Senior Policy Fellow at Connecticut Voices for Children, Director of Policy, Research & Legislation for the CT Senate President Pro Tempore and Visiting Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School. Prior to moving to Connecticut, Ellen practiced at private law firms, focusing on First Amendment issues, and she served as Assistant Regional Counsel at the United States Environmental Protection Agency.


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West MI SportsCenter Morning Edition - 09/05/2014
The Seattle Seahawks picked up right where they left off in dominating the Packers, (36-16), to kick off the 2014 NFL season. Marshawn Lynch led the way for the defending Super Bowl champions, scoring two touchdowns and rushing for 110 yards on 20 carries. Russell Wilson completed 19-of-28 passes for 191 yards, two scores and no turnovers.
Victor Martinez homered in a seven-run 11th. inning last night as the Detroit Tigers outlasted Cleveland (11-4) at Progressive Field. Ian Kinsler had three hits and scored twice to lead the Tigers offense, who improved to (77-63). The Tigers are one game behind Kansas City in the AL Central and a half-game ahead of Seattle for the second Wild Card spot.
#7 Michigan State will take on #3 Oregon in Eugene tomorrow night - kickoff is 6:30pm, and U-M will travel to South Bend to take on #17 Notre Dame tomorrow night - Pregame coverage begins at 6:30pm over on Newsradio WOOD 1300 & 106.9 FM with kickoff scheduled for 7:30pm.
#2 Grand Valley St. fell in their season opener last night to #22 Azusa Pacific (26-23) in double-overtime. The Cougars were led by RB-Terrell Watson, who rushed for 207 yards on 42 carries and the winning score in the second overtime.
In a do or die situation last night at Fifth-Third Ballpark, the Whitecaps survived...defeating Ft. Wayne (2-1) to force a deciding Game #3 of the series tonight. First pitch is set for 7pm and tickets are still available at Fifth-Third Ballpark.
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text: Hi everybody, I use my computer for video editing which is a heavy computational task and can take hours to complete. What power options should be selected for this kind of a task? As far as I understand, sleeping and hibernation should be disabled completely. But what about Hard Disk and processor? If I understand correctly, hard Disk will not go to sleep if it is being used by a program, so there is no need to disable turning Hard Disk off after a certain time. And in the Processor power management section there is "Minimum processor state" which is set to 5% by default. Should I leave it as it is or will setting it to 100% increase the speed of video processing? Any other recommendations regarding power management?


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Hey from Tallahassee
This is a discussion on New in Florida within the New Members Introduce Yourself forums, part of the Welcome To DefensiveCarry.com category; Hi folks. Just joined the forum after lurking for a while. Looking to get an XDM 9c after comparison shopping for about 6 months now. ...
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Hey from Tallahassee
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The Sun Striker, Part 5Mature
"Move!" Asia shouted.
The agile woman engaged in a fist fight with the new intruders. Solo went to help. But in mere seconds the Samoan discovered that she was doing more hindering than helping. Solo got punched and kicked repeatedly and sent flying into the couch behind her. She remembered the words that Asai gave her that sounded so familiar.
Solo decided to give Asai's advice a try. But to do this she had to think and believe in the way Asai wanted her to fight. In other words she needed to see a person drinking coffee and not react to the person having coffee but be more concerned with the act of drinking. Solo got onto her feet and ran forward into a jump with her fist drawn back.
When the black figure she tried to target attempted to side step the flying strike attempt Solo went for a side kick that connected to the intended target's jaw. When she landed she balled up both fists, assumed a fighting stance and smiled. She now understood that she had to react to someone's possible counter or evasion. That was how she could beat such fast opponents.
Asai wasn't doing badly. That speed demon laid out one of the intruders with a spinning roundhouse kick and put down another with a serious of punches to the gut followed with a high kick to the face. Asia leaped up, wrapped her legs around the neck of her intended victim and both bodies went spinning until she released the leg scissor hold thus sending the invader flipping into the ground. Both fighters placed their backs together with their fists drawn like guns. On the carpeted floor lay the bodies of men groaning in pain.
The two of them didn't bother talking. They ran down the hallway. Solo stopped at the elevator and pressed the button to go down. Asai grabbed her by the arm.
"No, that's what they want you to do. We have to take the stairs," Asai revealed.
Solo didn't have time to follow the fast woman. When the elevator door opened four more of those masked men came out. Solo and Asai made a mad dash for the stairs. That stairway door was kicked in via a big boot courtesy of Solo. The Samoan looked on in amazement as the other woman moved with such foot speed that Solo began considering the possibility of this person being a ninja who had an odd liking to buying Halloween costume caliber fangs. She still couldn't shake seeing Asai with those really long canines that looked so real.
Solo had trouble keeping up with Asai who at this point was jumping from set to stairs to set of stairs in one leap. She looked up to see their pursuers doing the same. It was decided. Solo would have to fight these guys to give Asai a chance to get out of here. By now Asai had such a lead to the point where if Solo stopped to do battle it was likely the other woman wouldn't even notice. Then again Asai appeared to possess a great sense of hearing. It couldn't be helped. Solo stopped, turned and awaited her chasers.
When one of the men came flying down towards her Solo used a stair rail to step upon and launch herself upwards with a fist pointing upwards. The descending ninja-like person predictably held up both hands to block the uppercut attempt. Solo used the distraction of her fist coming up to lift a knee up. That man got struck with a Muay Thai style knee lift and got sent flying into an opposing wall and tumbling down the staircase not that far away from that very wall. Solo landed on top of a stair rail with balance that came from a childhood filled with martial arts instruction.
Another one of her stalkers came down towards her from above in the air. Solo jumped from the rail and tried throwing an uppercut that was blocked. What was not blocked was her follow up strike of tucking in her legs so that her knees touched her chest and delivering a front drop kick that sent that man sailing towards a rail behind him. His back and spine hitting that rail produced a cracking sound that echoed throughout the stairwell.
She took out those two but sounds of footsteps that couldn't belong to just the other two concerned her. Solo burst through the third floor door. She jogged casually while looking around to see if Asai was here as well. She came to a laundry room that had people inside. "Wow, that is one nasty sun burn," one of the people said.
She looked at her skin. Solo didn't understand why she had become so red. There wouldn't be much time to ponder the change in skin pigment. More of those men dressed in black came charging at her from the front. Solo picked a Thai boxing stance since the moves from that fighting style appeared to be the most effective against these guys. Three of them came her way.
When they arrived an exchange of fierce punches, kicks and blocks made the men inside of the laundry room come out to try to defend Solo. When the same man who made the comment about her skin color tried to help her one of Solo's chasers removed their mask and revealed something horrifying. The same teeth that Asai had this once masked person also had. Solo looked on in horror as her defender was grabbed, neck was exposed and then a bite to that neck was applied. The person who tried to help her dropped to the ground without a single sign of life within them.
"What the hell is wrong with you?! Why would you do that?!" Solo asked.
Her question wasn't answered with anything verbal but physical. The biter moved forward. However standing in between Solo and this person was a window with a ray of sunshine beaming through. The person with blood dripping from their lips stopped in their tracks as if the sun was something to be feared. Slowly the pursuers began backing up. Solo looked at the window.
"Come on guys. You're not vampires," she said.
But she began increasingly more concerned when those men ran away. Either they were insane for one of them biting a person on the neck and believing they were creatures of the night or something else was going on here. To Solo anyone willing to break into another person's apartment, fight them, bite someone and drink blood but run away at the first sight of the sun was really disturbing.
She bent down to assist the person who wasn't moving. The other men ran off. Solo assumed they went to go get help. When she tried to check for a pulse the victim's eyes shot open. Teeth appeared that were similar to Asai's. The man tried to attack Solo who was pinned on her back. She held the person by the throat trying to prevent them from biting her. She knocked the man off of her with one punch. Solo still hit this person with a force she never could wield before. In shock as she lay on the ground she stared at the left hand that did the damage to her attacker.
"What was that?" she asked.
The man stood up almost as if the punch had no effect. When the bite happy person got up to that vertical base they came directly in view of the sunlight from the window. Their body began to break down in a cloud of smoke and fire until all that was left was a pile of ashes. Solo looked on in horror.
"What is going on? I'm dreaming, right?" she asked.
Asai ran down from the other end of the hallway. The long toothed woman helped Solo up to her feet.
"What is going on Asai? What is all this?" Solo asked.
"No time to explain. We have to get out of here," Asai said.
The two of them moved on back to the staircase with men dressed in black were going up while they were going down. In the lobby area on the first floor and Solo were met with a whole room of those people dressed dark clothing. The two of them were being chased as they headed out of a side door that led to the hotel parking lot. Solo reached into her pockets to try to find her car keys but remembered those keys were left in the hotel room.
Asai ran up to a man inside of a large pick-up truck, pulled the door open and forced the person out of their vehicle. Solo detested taking someone's car. However when the Samoan looked back to see the sea of black covered people chasing them she made an exception for her morals. She jumped into the back of the truck. The vehicle was still running so Asai hit the gas and took off out of the parking lot.
Somehow these people chasing them were running at speeds Solo couldn't possibly call human. She noticed that shadowy figures were moving from the tops of buildings that Asai drove past. Solo tapped on the roof of the truck. Asai rolled down the window assuming there was some message to be heard.
"Uh, yeah, about the people chasing us are they known to be like spider monkeys who can jump from rooftop to rooftop?" Solo asked.
"They are vampires. You can't except for them not to have this ability," Asai explained.
With everything Solo just witnessed she had to question whether or not these were actual creatures of the night.
"So if they are vampires, and I'm not suggesting I believe you, do we have to worry?" Solo asked.
"Why of course," Asai said.
The person who Solo was starting to believe to be a vampire rolled up the window. Various black colored vans approached from behind at high speeds. By now Asai was driving through red lights. Solo noticed the vehicles coming up and getting close to ramming distance. She noticed that she could now tap the driver's side of the truck with arm length she didn't have before. Asai rolled down the window again.
"Yeah?" Asai asked.
"We have company!" Solo exclaimed.
One of the vans rammed the truck. Solo fell down into the truck's cargo bed. The side doors of the ramming vehicle opened up. That van pulled up beside the truck and out of that door came three masked men who jumped from the van and latched themselves onto the truck.
"You have got to be kidding me!" Solo shouted.
Asai noticed that the truck was being weighed down by the weight of three extra people. The agile woman slammed on brakes which caused one of the men she referred to as a vampire to go flying into the middle of a busy intersection. That masked person was going to make a dash for the truck again but was pummeled by incoming traffic from people who didn't have time to brake. This scene caused a six car accident. Asai drove around the wreckage. Solo wanted to help but before she could jump off the truck was already being put into high gear.
Even if the Samoan wanted to give assistance to see if those people in that wreck were alright she'd first have to fend off the person in the truck's bed trying to pounce. The man dressed in black had mounted Solo. She bent her legs back and actually wrapped those legs around the person's waist with her flexibility but also with leg length she didn't possess before. Solo slammed the person into the ground by leaning forward with all her might and planting them into the cargo bed. She stood up, put a leg in-between both of her arm pits and with a mighty heave tossed the person off the truck.
Solo lost her balance as the truck swerved. Asai was trying to drive. By now the other chaser had gotten into the passenger seat and was trying to make Asai crash. There was a back window where Solo could witness the struggle. She cracked her knuckles.
"Asai duck!" Solo shouted.
The Samoan punched through the back window's glass and hit the masked man in the back of the head. In terms of power that shot was strong enough to make the assailant hit their head on the dashboard and pass out immediately. Asai looked shocked.
"You already mastered the hand of god?" she asked.
"The hand of god? The hell is that?" Solo asked.
"Nevermind. I can't shake them. We have to do something," Asai pointed out.
Solo let out a sigh of relief when she heard police sirens. She looked back to see that two squad cars were chasing the vans.
"Good ol' boys in blue," she said.
Solo took a seat. She just knew that meant this nightmare would all come to an end. Vans approached the squad cars from behind. Solo looked concerned. The two squad cars were surrounded by black vans. The vans on the side of the police vehicles moved forward while the four that came up from behind sped up. In what is known as a pit maneuver both of the squad cars were forced out of the streets and into buildings. Solo's expression of slight concern turned to an expression of hopelessness.
"We are so dead meat,"she said.


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Fairview Suites
Select your stay dates to check availability
Fairview Suites
About the hotel
Property Location
Located in Blytheville, Fairview Suites is in the historical district and convenient to Walker Park and That Bookstore in Blytheville. This motel is within close proximity of Thunder Bayou Golf Links and Arkansas Northeastern College.
Make yourself at home in one of the 30 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature hair dryers and slippers. Conveniences include desks and coffee/tea makers, as well as phones with free local calls.
Take advantage of recreation opportunities such as a nightclub, or other amenities including complimentary wireless Internet access and an arcade/game room.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, multilingual staff, and laundry facilities. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Arcade/game room
- Free self parking
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Multilingual staff
- Laundry facilities
- ATM/banking
- Television in common areas
- Total number of rooms - 30
- Nightclub
- Free WiFi
Room Facilities
- Turndown service
- Satellite TV service
- Daily housekeeping
- Free WiFi
- Iron/ironing board
- Shower/tub combination
- Air conditioning
- Sofa bed
- Phone
- Desk
- Access via exterior corridors
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer
- Slippers
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Private bathroom
- Coffee/tea maker


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Canopius Group, the global specialty lines platform of Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Holdings, has appointed Scott Bailey as global head of accident and health (A&H). He will report to Stephen Gargrave, chief underwriting officer, Canopius Managing Agents.
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Canopius Group, Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Holdings, Scott Bailey, Stephen Gargrave, Gavin Watson, Kieran Morrin, London, Europe, Asia-Pacific


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The Prinsotel La Caleta Apartments in Cala Santandría (Cuitadella - Menorca), built in 1988, was completely refurbished during winter 2001, its furniture has been renewed on 2007 and offers as of now to all guests free wireless internet access.
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Philip Shaw, chief economist at Investec
This means that the great consolidation continues, and we applaud the chancellor's determination not to be deflected onto any 'Plan B'. The major headlines will no doubt be reductions in taxation. This puts across a positive message that the UK is becoming a lower tax economy.
As far as the public finances are concerned it remains a case of steady as she goes. Although the worst year of heavy lifting is probably behind us there remains much work to do and there is still a risk that another economic downturn blows the chancellor's fiscal strategy off course.
Chris Crowe, UK economist at Barclays Capital:
To the extent that the overarching aim of today's budget was to retain the confidence of gilt market investors, it can be declared a success. The government's deficit reduction plan has been tweaked but not fundamentally altered, and financial markets were unruffled. The Office for Budget Responsibility has again pronounced that the government is on track to meet its fiscal mandate, and although the UK's triple-A status remains precarious, a downgrade does not appear imminent.
Geoffrey Dicks, chief economist, Novus Capital Markets
In accordance with George Osborne's fiscal mantra (no unfunded giveaways), the budget was designed to be neutral over the next five years. A modest net fiscal giveaway in 2012-13 and 2013-14 is balanced by fiscal tightening from 2014-15 onwards.
James Knightley, UK economist at ING
The budget is fiscally neutral in that what it gives back in tax cuts and spending rises are equally offset by tax and spending changes elsewhere, and may placate the ratings agencies. However, we also have to consider tax and spending changes that have previously been announced, but will come into effect from this April. Consequently, there is still a significant tightening of fiscal policy to be felt this year, to the tune of £2.75bn.


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Holden Skinny Fit Standard Pants Women's
You've got enough steez to hang with the best of the bros, but that doesn't mean you're willing to ride in outerwear that's two sizes too big. Enter the Holden Skinny Fit Standard Pants, featuring all of the technical, performance based features we've come to expect from this earth friendly brand and boasting a skinny fit that grants you the style you crave without sacrificing on mobility or performance. With their 10k waterproof 5k breathability rating, these are the perfect pants for the vast majority of riding conditions. With their 8020 PFOA Free DWR Coating and Solvent Free Lamination you can trust that you'll stay dry in these pants, plus they're as good for you as they are for the environment.
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You are here: Home > News & Media Releases
24 February 2017
Yarra Mayor Cr Amanda Stone has welcomed a parliamentary inquiry into a supervised injecting facility in North Richmond.
State Parliament this week voted in favour of the inquiry, following the Victorian Coroner's recommendation to trial a supervised injecting facility (SIF) after the death of a woman from a heroin overdose in North Richmond in 2016, and 34 other heroin-related deaths in the area in the last 12 months.
Yarra Mayor Cr Amanda Stone said the inquiry is a significant step towards helping to save lives in North Richmond.
"Evidence from Australia and overseas shows that SIFs are not only effective in saving lives, but also in helping to connect people with vital health services so they may have the opportunity for rehabilitation," she said.
"They also reduce the number of needles and drug paraphernalia discarded in our streets and the likelihood of the public witnessing drug injecting and overdoses."
Yarra Council has long supported a harm minimisation approach to addressing drug issues in North Richmond, including a trial of a supervised injecting facility.
In 2011 and 2013, Council declared its support for SIFs, and recommended a SIF trial to the Coroner as part of her recent investigation.
"This is not a new issue. Council and our community have long grappled with the complexities of drug use in North Richmond, particularly in Victoria Street, and has given careful consideration to the most effective way to address the devastating impact on individuals and the wider community," Cr Stone said.
"Council supports a SIF as part of a wider solution to the complex issues in North Richmond," she said.
"It should be part of a broad and multi-faceted approach that incorporates a range of other harm minimisation measures, health and education, urban renewal, community partnerships and law enforcement.
"This will require ongoing commitment and collaboration from all levels of government, health and community services, and the police, as well as continued investment by the State Government.
"Learning from the personal experiences of people in our community is also vital in understanding and developing solutions. That is why Council is currently running the Reimagining Victoria Street project, which seeks to have an honest conversation with our community and other stakeholders about the challenges and potential solutions for Victoria Street.
"I am hopeful these conversations, together with the breadth of other work happening in our community and the upcoming parliamentary enquiry into SIFs will be a vital step forward in implementing meaningful solutions and most importantly, saving lives."
For media enquiries, please contact:
Brooke ColbertManager – Communications Advocacy, Engagement and Media email@example.com 267 439
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May 24, 2017
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text: Saving Face (2012) 720p HDTV x264-MOMENTUM English | 00:40:01 | H264 | 1280x720 | 23.98fps 3827 Kbps | AC3 128 Kbps 48.0khz | 1.07 GiB Genre : Documentary Every year hundreds of people -- mostly women -- are attacked with acid in Pakistan. SAVING FACE follows several of these survivors, their fight for justice, and a Pakistani plastic surgeon who has returned to his homeland to help them restore their faces and their lives. Screenshot: Code: http://shareflare.net/download/39304.39be98c5b3fb418b7a7c399d65d9/Saving.Face.2012.720p.HDTV.x264MOMENTUM.mkv.html


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This year's Dude University offers several ways to meet, learn and share with your peers!
Start the networking and connection building by joining your fellow attendees for our Opening General Session and be inspired by our Keynote Speaker, First Sergeant Matt Eversmann , Hero of the epic film, Black Hawk Down, and the Battle of Mogadishu.
What better way to enjoy the beautiful springtime Carolina weather than with an outdoor festival and concert? This year's theme of BBQ, Bourbon and Bluegrass will feature local food favorites and include a traditional Carolina pig-pickin'. Enjoy a sample of local craft bourbons from area distilleries and enjoy the concert featuring Chatham County Line!
One of the hallmarks of Dude University is the chance to meet your peers at the beginning of the conference with our interactive networking session. This year, we will host this session in conjunction with breakfast at the Convention Center!
Continue the fun and community building and gather at the Raleigh Convention Center for lunch with your peers.
Join us for drinks while you learn more about the products, services and professional opportunities that our partners and exhibitors have to benefit your organization.
Join us for breakfast in the Exhibit Hall and enjoy one final opportunity to meet with vendors and partners.
Continue the fun and community building and gather at the Raleigh Convention Center for lunch with your peers.
Enjoy a plated dinner, music and entertainment as we conclude an amazing conference and celebrate your successes!
Join us for the last breakfast of Dude University 2017!
Working with our partners at the state, county and local level, we have included new behind-the-scenes facilities tours. Lace up your sneakers as several organizations open their doors for a walking tour of their campuses and showcase innovative approaches to sustainability, facilities design and community relationships. Click here to see a list of all of our available tours!
For our club manager clients, the management team at the Lonnie Poole Golf Course has offered to give you a behind-the-scenes tour of the Arnold Palmer designed course, as well as invite you to play a round of golf. The tour begins with breakfast and a briefing by club management, followed by an 8:30 AM tee time and lunch. Clients will be shuttled to/from the Convention Center. Please note that you should have a 5 PM or later flight on Wednesday to properly plan for both golf and getting to the airport. Cost is $100 per person. lonniepoolegolfcourse.com


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This group of pros has been producing music for 2 years. Check out their positive home music recording service reviews on Thumbtack.
Consider hiring the professionals from T.F.M.G. Studios if you want audio producers who do custom work. They offer audio mixing and mastering.
Joel Bennett offers audio engineering and recording, video editing, web content writing, search engine marketing and more. He also does graphic and logo design, as well as animation and advertising.
Inspire Productions has been doing recording studio jobs for over three decades. They offer mixing, voice over and audio mastering services, and more. They also do on-location recording.
K/H Productions is among the best recording studios in the area that deliver any audio services. They perform music recording, songwriting, audio editing, film scoring, production and more.
Mark Manring provides on-location audio recording, mixing mastering services as well as CD design and production. He specializes in working with choral, orchestral and acoustic music.
Evenform Studio is among the top recording studios in the area. They have experienced music producers who offer studio recording, mixing, engineering and other related services.
This sound recording studio offers in-house and remote recording. They have extensive microphone collection, Pro Tools HD system, two TAMA drum kits, two Hammond organs, and more.
This local sound studio provides professional-grade audio recording services at fair prices. Their music engineers do everything from rough demo to a full album.
Want to record songs without breaking the bank? Let your musical talent be heard by many with reliable yet affordable recording services from Got What U Need Studios.
Let this among the best studios in town handle your musical projects. They provide in-studio and on-location recording of vocal and instrumental ensembles, acoustic groups, and more.
Gary Fitzgerald is among the award-winning recording engineers who already published 6,500 compositions throughout his career. He owns a music studio where he works with vocalists and songwriters.
This company provides recording and mixing services for the present musician. They also offer studio musicians in recording your tracks, so that you can achieve the sound you are looking for.
This company is among music recording studios that specialize in R&B, hip hop, and rap. This mixing and mastering studio has worked with American Idol, Bob James, Field Mob, and more.
Looking for cheap recording studios? KandNfilms is among the best music studio that offer quality service at reasonable rates. They offer music recording, events filming, video editing and more.
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Welcome to Nyan Cafe, a host club where all the hosts are cats! Who would you like your host to be today? There's the big, fluffy Norwegian Forest Cat, Nor, who's handsome and suave but a bit of a show-off. Or maybe Curl the tsundere American Curl is more to your tastes? If not, then there's always Scotch, the Scottish Fold. His flirty and gentlemanly nature is sure to win you over - just watch out for his sadistic streak. Oh, and let's not forgot our newest member: Shiro, the mixed breed! He's the youngest and most adorable of the group. Have you decided? Good! Have a seat and join in the fun! If you're lucky, something special might happen today!
(C) Kira Nakamura


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- Wenliang Wang, Weijia Yang, Fangliang Gao, Yunhao Lin, Guoqiang Li
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- 2015
Highly-efficient GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) wafers have been grown on La 0.3 Sr 1.7 AlTaO6 (LSAT) substrates by radio-frequency molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) with optimized growth conditions. The structural properties, surface morphologies, and optoelectronic properties of as-prepared GaN-based LED wafers on LSAT substrates have been… (More)
- Fangliang Gao, Wei Hong
- 2016
Keywords: Lithiation Phase-field model Silicon anode Fracture a b s t r a c t As an ideal anode material, silicon has the highest lithium-ion capacity in theory, but the broader application is limited by the huge volumetric strain caused by lithium insertion and extraction. To better understand the physical process and to resolve the related reliability… (More)
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