text: 4/28/09 4/27/09 POPSUGAR Celebrity POPSUGAR Celebrity Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Premiere April 27, 2009 by Celebrity 0 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 1 of 31 ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy ← Use Arrows Keys → 1 Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Premiere Previous Next Share this post


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Cold temps drive U.S. natgas futures up, front hits 4-wk high
NEW YORK Nov 21 (Reuters) - U.S. natural gas futures edged higher for a second straight day on Thursday, with the front-month contract posting a four-week high in the face of cold weather forecasts for later this week and next week that should lift demand for space heating.
MDA Weather Services expects strong cold to spread across the eastern two-thirds of the country over the next 10 days, with only a slight moderation in the temperature outlook in its 11- to 15-day forecast.
At 9 a.m. EST (1400 GMT), front-month gas futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange were up 3.4 cents, or 0.9 percent, at $3.708 per million British thermal units after climbing early to a four-week high of $3.712.
The nearby contract, which gained 4.2 percent in the previous two weeks, is up 1.3 percent so far this week.
Technical traders, noting the market seemed stuck in a range between the $3.50s and $3.70s, said the front month needed to close above resistance in the low-$3.70s to set the stage for more upside.
But with stockpiles at comfortable levels and production flowing at a record-high pace, many traders expect only limited upside from here unless the cold weather is sustained.
Traders and analysts polled by Reuters on average expect a withdrawal of 33 billion cubic feet when the U.S. Energy Information Administration on Thursday releases its weekly storage report. It would be the season's first inventory draw.
That would compare with a 36 bcf decline in the year-earlier week and a five-year average drop of 2 bcf for that week.
EIA data last week showed total gas inventories had climbed to 3.834 trillion cubic feet, about 2 percent below last year's record highs at that time, but 1.5 percent above average. Continued...

subset: commoncrawl


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45 Gifts For 5 Kinds Of Dads
Still haven't figured out what to get for Pops this Father's Day? Here are a few ideas to consider, with even more to discover at Target.
1. Sunglasses for chillin'. 2. Some great speakers for his tunes. 3. A joke book to keep the fun going. 4. High-tops for his ballin' habit. 5. Ice cube trays to keep every drink cool. 6. Bacon-cup-making trays (or just a muffin tin). 7. Sriracha (or other things to help him show off his love of it). 8. An air conditioner to stay cool.
1. Power strips for emergencies. 2. Fully loaded tablet. 3. Chargeable electric razor. 4. A GoPro HERO to record his favorite moments. 5. A solar-powered charging backpack. 6. Smart watch to stay even more connected. 7. A trusty cell phone power pack. 8. And a smartphone to complete the package. 9. The BioLite CampStove to power his gadgets and cook his food at the same time.
1. Dumbbells, bruh. 2. Shot glasses for sharing the wealth. 3. Sleeveless ("guns out") shirts for when the sun's out. 4. Backup collared shirts for gettin' it poppin'. 5. Inspirational books on tape. 6. Juicer for juicin'. 7. Mangroomer for the sweater. 8. Oversized bottles of whey for liftin' recovery. 9. Aviators, glorious aviators.
1. Soothing aftershave for his sensitive skin. 2. Body pillow for snugglin'. 3. Framed inspirational quote posters. 4. Quill and ink to make every note meaningful. 5. "Thinking of You" cards. 6. Scrapbooks to organize his favorite moments. 7. A weekender bag so he can be with his babies at the drop of a hat. 8. Wholesale boxes of tissues. 9. The Notebook on DVD.
1. Zeppelin for luxuriously slow air travel. 2. Since there's no way he has it… a unicorn horn! 3. To complement his good taste, every good album ever made on vinyl. 4. Many leather-bound books. 5. A hover board. 6. Spaceship ticket. 7. An original Nintendo with cartridges that work 100% of the time. Rare, but worth it. 8. Since he obviously loves hovering and traveling in style, a hovercraft. 9. Nobel Peace Prize, just for kicks. 10. [Not pictured] Or just get him a Target gift card and let him find something he actually wants for himself.


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Female commissioners urge Juncker to set gender quota
The prospect of the next European Commission being heavily male-dominated has prompted outgoing female commissioners to draft a letter in response.
The letter, set to be signed by all nine current female commissioners, asks future president Jean-Claude Juncker to make sure at least 10 will be seated on his new team of 28.
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Androulla Vassiliou, EU commissioner for culture, announced the initiative in Brussels on Thursday (10 July).
"The female commissioners are very worried that there will not be a sufficient number of women," she told reporters.
The plan is to back Juncker in his bid to pressure EU governments to put forward more female candidates for the next EU executive.
She noted that the current President, Jose Barroso, had, at the start of his two mandates, insisted on greater female representation by making the request in writing to governments.
But so far, only Italy's foreign affairs minister Federica Mogherini has been publicly touted to possibly take the helm of the EU's foreign affairs service.
"It looks like one woman's name is being floated, the Italian foreign minister, and it [other names] all seems to be men," said Vassiliou's spokesperson.
Another EU source said it would not be "credible or legitimate" to have a commission with just two or three women.
"All the names [currently] being put forward are just speculation. Nothing can be decided without the agreement of the president of the European Commission," noted the contact.
Juncker is set be approved as president by the European Parliament on 15 July.
But the process for selecting and appointing commissioners is lengthy and will not be concluded before the end of September.
The list of commissioners is submitted for approval first to the Council, representing member states, and then to the European Parliament, which also has the right to veto the entire commission team.


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Environmental challenges are numerous and can include previously undiscovered releases, changing regulations and catastrophic events. We have expertise in the range of environmental impacts that arise on Federal sites—from abatement of lead and asbestos to treatment of chlorinated solvents and remediation of unexploded ordnance.
Our capabilities include site investigation, feasibility studies, design and installation of remediation systems, facility management, bioventing, bioremediation, groundwater extraction and innovative treatment technologies. Our skilled engineers, geologists and project managers are experts in soil vapor extraction, solidification/stabilization, thermal desorption and destruction, and environmental systems operation and monitoring to effectively close sites. We can help with remedial process optimization, performance-based cleanup and remote site logistics worldwide.


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VP, Film
MiramaxSanta Monica, CA
This was removed by the employer on 11/2/2016 5:09:00 PM PST
Not to worry we have a lot of other jobs on the site;
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Full Time Job
The VP of Film will represent the company's creative interests for theatrical projects in production & development. The VP is responsible for sourcing new projects, developing material and assisting in overseeing productions as well as constantly working to establish and maintain relationships with agents, managers, producers, directors and writers.
• Source potential projects for feature development
• Assist in the management and development of projects
• Attend and participate in creative meetings & coordinate and follow up on resulting ideas and projects
• Attend screenings as a representative of the company and take specific script notes
• Review and respond to creative script submissions
• Maintain & compile lists of writers, directors, and actors, formulate ideas and locate and nurture new talent
• Identify fresh and compelling characters, captivating stories and superb storytelling
• Leader in creative concepts and direction, talent development as well writers, directors & producers
• Represent Miramax production concerns on all assigned projects
• Works closely with SVP, creative executives and business affairs and other in-house departments to keep Theatrical development and production information flowing smoothly
• Ad hoc projects as needed
• Bachelor's degree
• Minimum 5 years proven development experience
• Demonstrated excellence in critical thinking and writing about scripts and edited film material
• Significant experience in managing relationships within the creative community
• Produced content that arose due to significant involvement of candidate during development process
• Ability to build effective relationships with the senior leadership teams and partner with teams outside functional areas to foster effective and proactive collaboration to further the business


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Need an Ovulation Test in Cumming, GA? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable Ovulation Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
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Download document:
FDA seeks comments on new draft guidance clarifying good reprint practices - .PDF file.
In a 3 March 2014 Federal Register notice, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) distributed a revised draft guidance document titled 'Distributing Scientific and Medical Publications on Unapproved New Uses — Recommended Practices' for comment. The draft guidance, when finalised, is intended to replace FDA's January 2009 final guidance titled 'Good Reprint Practices for the Distribution of Medical Journal Articles and Medical or Scientific Reference Publications on Unapproved New Uses of Approved Drugs and Approved or Cleared Medical Devices'. While the draft guidance is largely consistent with the 2009 guidance, restating and providing additional details that build on the existing criteria for the distribution of journal articles describing unapproved uses of drugs and medical devices, it does include new requirements for the dissemination of medical or scientific reference texts and clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), neither of which are explicitly discussed in the 2009 guidance.
The most notable difference between the draft guidance and the 2009 guidance is the introduction of a new category of publications, i.e. CPGs, that can fall within the 'safe harbour' for distribution of publications that discuss unapproved uses of drugs and devices. To fall within the scope of the draft guidance, CPGs must meet the Institute of Medicine's standards for CPG 'tustworthiness'…
Click on the link below to read the rest of the Hogan Lovells briefing.


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- 1 (also the rear) [singular] the back part of something A trailer was attached to the rear of the truck. There are toilets at both front and rear of the plane. A high gate blocks the only entrance to the rear. Which Word?at the back / at the rear / behind At the back and at the rear have a similar meaning, but at the rear is used more in formal or official language: What's that at the back of the fridge?Smoking is only allowed at the rear of the aircraft. It is more usual to talk about the back door of a house but the rear exit of an aircraft or public building. If something is behind something else it is near to the back of it but not part of it. Compare: Our room was at the back of the hotel and There's a lovely wood just behind our hotel.
- 2(also rear end) [countable, usually singular] (informal) the part of the body that you sit on synonym bottom a kick in the rear He spends all day sitting on his rear end in front of a computer. Word Originnoun Middle English (first used as a military term): from Old French rere, based on Latin retro 'back'.Extra examples Car seats for young babies should face the rear. The radio is loudest in the rear of the car. The socket for the printer cable is located at the rear of the computer. Three drummers brought up the rear.Idioms
nounjump to other results
BrE BrE//rɪə(r)//; NAmE NAmE//rɪr//
to be at the back of a line of people, or last in a race David was the first to reach the summit, followed by Pat, leaving Fergus to bring up the rear.
bring up the rearjump to other results
Check pronunciation: rear


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This Lindt Gold Bear Christmas Chocolate Pack is the perfect Christmas Treat. This Gold Bear Christmas Chocolate Pack by Lindt is almost too good to eat, but then too good not to eat. Crafted from Lindt's delicious Swiss recipe, each bite is as mouth-watering as the next. Perfect for putting on the tree this Christmas as decorations, but watch those pesky little ones don't get hold of them. Complete with gold string to make hanging them on the tree just that bit easier.
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Size: 60g
Milk Chocolate
6 Bears
All Lindt Chocolate may contain traces of Nuts.
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Legal Professional: Build Your Business
I sued my union and the federal judge ruled against the union, the trial against the employer is coming finally in 2014. Now, the union acts like they are going to trial but they have been ruled against. The issue now is I don't have an attorney, so the process is complicated. So, if anyone one know of a excellent employment attorney email me, thanks.
Hi Dina,
Just wondering if you received any replies. I'm in the same boat as you.
I have 4 unfair labor complaints in, which I will easily win because I have audio tapes from the government board of directors ratifying an unfair labor practice. I truly scored, on behalf of myself and other employees. A director, a government official and the agency's Chief Council, basically admitted they gave the union full authority to process every complaint from employees, even if employees want to file a complaint against the union and a department for engaging in unfair labor practices.
I have a tort complaint in that needs to be amended. Two EEOC and DEFH complaints in. Im not going to just "settle" and be quiet because what's happening to me is happening to a lot of people.
Unfortunately, as you know, it's hard to find a lawyer who does not have a conflict of interest with this type of case because when the public agency and the union are entwined in violating employee constitutional and statutory rights, both can be sued. No lawyer that I talked to can take the case.
Im eager to hear if you had any luck retaining council.
I was wondering what happen to you about your union problems or what you did againist the union because I'm having the same issues with no represtation and my union is working with management to target me. I know you wrote this post a while ago but I hope your are still on this site and could please give me some advice or if anyone else on here could give me some advice as what to do.
How do you go about filing a unfair labor complaint ? My union is failing many of us with violation of not representing the people and working with management to target me and other coworkers. If you could give any advice would be much appreciated.
The attorney who used to occasionally respond here has not responded to a post since early 2012. I suspect that s/he may have retired or took some other legal position and decided participation here was no longer appropriate in the current circumstances.
The original post was in 2008 and the most recent post in 2013 was actually in response to a 2008 post. There was no immediateresponse to the 2013 post and I suspect the 2013 poster whose one and only post never generated a response until November of 2014 has long since moved on.
You might be better off starting your own thread and just briefly describe the pertinent circumstances. You might get some useful suggestions. This forum is not, however, a very active one. If you are merely looking for an attorney, I would use the Find a Lawyer feature to the right.
You should also, of course, employ other research methods for locating a suitable professional for your business that may be at your disposal.
Unless you are a public employee whose union is bound by State statutes rather than Federal law, you would file an Unfair Labor Practice complaint with the regional Federal Labor Relations Authority office for your state.
Please note that your other remedy, if your union is not serving the membership in the way that the membership wants, is to vote the current leadership out of office. Run for office in your Union Local yourself. Put together a platform, a ticket and a campaign, and if the membership prefers your candidate's approach they will elect your candidate to carry out the campaign platform and promises that he or she ran on.
I am a Survivor of a Life Long Organized Targeting, Bullying, and Stalking Attack by my union brothers.
Bottom line, if you are not a family member of someone in this corrupt group of alcoholics, drug addicts, and professional criminals, you are simply put, an outsider, get out when you can, find decent people to surround yourself with.
Trump said in on national television not too long ago, " I have trouble trusting international unions who breakdown family values"
International Unions in The USA Should be disbanded and thrown in the trash where they belong. And If any Union Official would like to challenge me, please meet me to discuss, and I will show you evidence to support my belief, and my anger.
Pathetic group of cowards, who are too lazy to work for a living.
Not all members are troublemakers, the ones that are though should be charged with a hate crime, multiple counts, and there should be no statute of limitations, when this crime is designed to be carried out over 5 years, without the target even knowing it is happening.
I have Somehow Survived almost 30 years of it, The people who have hurt me should be charged with domestic terrorism,
Try to sue them, it won't be easy, if you can get a severance take it and get out of it, go off grid like I may be doing soon, and Use your skills to help other folks wherever you end up.
My best to You and Yours


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Honey Beeswax Body Balm
- Total Time: 45 mins
- Hands-on Time: 20 mins
- Makes: 4 fluid ounces
A deeply nourishing body balm recipe made with honey, beeswax and essential oil.
featured ingredient:
Aura Cacia Sweet Almond Skin Care Oil 4 fl. oz.
view product
view product
- 1 1/2 tablespoons Aura Cacia Sweet Almond Skin Care Oil
- 4-ounce Aura Cacia Amber Wide Mouth Jar with Writable Label
- 3 1/2 tablespoons coconut oil
- 1/2 tablespoon honey
- 2 1/2 tablespoons beeswax granules
- 48 drops helichrysum essential oil
1. Place a heat proof bowl in a pan of simmering water.
2. Measure ingredients into bowl.
3. Heat gently until all the ingredients melt and stir them together.
4. Pour into jar, replace lid and allow to cool to set.
5. To use, apply desired amount to targeted area.
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Blue Bluffs, California
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Blue Bluffs is a former settlement in Placer County, California.[1] Blue Bluffs is located 0.5 miles (0.8 km) north of Midas.[1] It still appeared on maps as of 1873.[1]
- ^ a b c Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 522. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
|This Placer County, California-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Incredibly tender steak cooked using the sous vide (water bath) method in the Hamilton Beach Professional Sous Vide Slow Cooker.
Southeast Asian green papaya salad {paleo}
Make this fresh salad in just five minutes with pre-shredded green papaya from a pan-Asian market
Pork spring roll salad
A great way to use up leftover pulled pork in a fresh, veg-forward salad!
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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Rationale: Cerebrovascular regulation is impaired in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea; however, it is unknown whether this impairment exists in individuals with less severe sleep-disordered breathing.
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that cerebrovascular responses to hypercapnia are attenuated in a nonclinical population-based cohort.
Methods: A rebreathing test that raised end-tidal CO2 tension by 10 mm Hg was performed during wakefulness in 373 participants of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort.
Measurements and Main Results: We measured cerebral flow velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasound); heart rate (electrocardiogram); blood pressure (photoplethysmograph); ventilation (pneumotachograph); and end-tidal CO2 (expired gas analysis). Cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness was quantified as the slope of the linear relationship between flow velocity and end-tidal CO2 during rebreathing. Linear regression analysis was performed using cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness as the outcome variable. Main independent variables were the apnea–hypopnea index and the mean level of arterial oxygen saturation during sleep. We observed a positive correlation between cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness and the mean level of oxygen saturation during sleep that was statistically significant in unadjusted analysis and after adjustment for known confounders and the increase in arterial pressure during rebreathing. Each 5% decrease in SaO2 during sleep predicted a decrease in cerebrovascular reactivity of 0.4 ± 0.2 cm/second/mm Hg PETCO2. In contrast, the negative correlation between cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness and apnea–hypopnea index was statistically significant only in the unadjusted analysis.
Conclusions: Hypercapnic vasodilation in the cerebral circulation is blunted in individuals with sleep-disordered breathing. This impairment is correlated with hypoxemia during sleep.
Moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the cerebral circulation.
This study demonstrates the presence of a similar impairment across a wider spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing in the general adult population.
Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and stroke (1–3); however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Putative links between OSA and stroke include oxidative stress (4), coagulopathies (5–7), thromboembolism associated with atrial fibrillation (8) and patent foramen ovale (9), and carotid atherosclerosis caused by snoring-related vibration (10). Structural abnormalities involving extracranial cerebral arteries (e.g., increased carotid intima–media thickness and augmented carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity) have been documented in patients with moderate to severe OSA (11–13). In addition, functional responses of intracranial cerebral arteries to CO2, a powerful vasodilator in the cerebral circulation, are greatly attenuated (14–16).
The clinical significance of blunted hypercapnic vasodilation is unknown; however, previous investigators have observed an association between cerebral CO2 reactivity and endothelial function in the forearm (17), a biomarker known to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk (18–20). In addition, impaired vascular responsiveness to CO2 may exacerbate breathing instability during sleep. Because hypercapnic vasodilation minimizes changes in brain Pco2 during fluctuations in arterial Pco2, reductions in vascular reactivity could exaggerate the accumulation and also the washout of CO2 from central chemoreceptors during fluctuations in ventilation. Thus, impaired vascular response to hypercapnia is a potential contributor to both the causes and the consequences of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
Current knowledge of the effects of SDB on cerebrovascular function is derived from clinic-based samples of individuals with relatively severe SDB. Similar impairments have not been documented across the spectrum of SDB severity, even though diminished endothelial function in the forearm has been demonstrated in epidemiologic studies (21, 22). Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that hypercapnic vasodilation in the cerebral circulation, an endothelium-dependent process, is blunted in individuals with SDB. Accordingly, we examined the relationship between SDB and cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in a population-based cohort free of clinical selection biases. Some of the results of this study have been previously reported in abstract form (23).
Detailed sampling methods and characteristics of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study have been described previously (24). Briefly, over the past 20 years, a random sample of 1,550 males and females was recruited from a sampling frame of payroll records of several Wisconsin state agencies to undergo polysomnographic examinations at 4-year intervals. Four hundred and twenty male and female participants of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who were scheduled to undergo follow-up evaluations during the years 2004–2008 were recruited to also participate in the present ancillary investigation of cerebrovascular function. Potential subjects were screened for current, serious medical problems via a self-reported history questionnaire that was followed-up by a physical examination, if necessary. In this manner, physician clearance was obtained for all subjects before participation. Twenty-one potential participants were deemed not healthy enough to undergo the rebreathing test, two declined participation after receiving an explanation of procedures, in seven instances there were equipment failures, and in 17 subjects we were unable to obtain an adequate Doppler signal. Characteristics of the remaining 373 subjects are shown in Table 1. The parent study and this subprotocol were approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Health Sciences Institutional Review Board.
Study participants completed overnight studies that included nocturnal polysomnography and other clinical tests. Information on medical history, current medication use, smoking, alcohol use, age, and other sociodemographic factors was obtained by interview and questionnaire. Body habitus measurements were made using standard procedures (25). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured weight and height (kilogram per square meter). Insulin sensitivity was estimated using homeostatic model assessment (26). Daytime sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Scale (27). Blood pressure was measured with arm cuff sphygmomanometry in the seated position according to established guidelines (28). The average of two consecutive blood pressure measurements was computed for each subject.
An 18-channel polysomnography recording system (Polygraph model 78, Grass Instruments, Quincy, MA) was used to record sleep stage, and respiratory and cardiovascular variables. Electroencephalography, electrooculography, and chin electromyography were used to score sleep stage for each 30-second epoch using standard criteria (29). Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was measured by pulse oximetry (Ohmeda 3740, Englewood, CO). Oral and nasal airflow were measured using thermocouples (ProTec, Hendersonville, TN). Nasal air pressure was measured with a pressure transducer (Validyne, Northridge, CA). Thoracic cage and abdominal respiratory motion was measured with inductance plethysmography (Respitrace, Ambulatory Monitoring, Ardsley, NY). These signals were used to identify SDB events. Apnea was defined as cessation of airflow lasting greater than or equal to 10 seconds. Hypopnea was defined as a decrease in tidal volume (plethysmograph signal) accompanied by a greater than or equal to 4% reduction in SaO2. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was defined as the average number of apneas plus hypopneas per hour of objectively measured sleep. To compute mean SaO2 during sleep, the pulse oximeter signal was sampled at 100 Hz and an average SaO2 derived for each 30-second epoch. The average SaO2 during all epochs of non-REM and REM sleep was recorded as the mean SaO2 during sleep.
Two hundred and four participants were chronically treated with medications that could affect cerebrovascular CO2 sensitivity, either by interfering with mechanisms of hypercapnic vasodilation or by affecting baseline cerebrovascular reactivity. The categories and number of participants who took these medications were as follows: antihypertensives (n = 123); statins (n = 76); estrogen (n = 9); allopurinol (n = 10); and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (n = 131).
All subjects were studied during wakefulness in a semirecumbent position in the same room (ambient temperature, 24 ± 1°C.) at the same time of day (between 13:00 and 14:30 hours). A 2-MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound system (Neurovision 500 M, Multigon Industries, Younkers, NY) was used to measure blood flow velocity in the proximal (M1) segment of the middle cerebral artery. We used previously published search techniques (30) to insonate the artery through the right temporal window in most subjects. In a small fraction of subjects, we used the left temporal window when an adequate signal could not be obtained on the right side. After the quality of the signal was maximized, the Doppler probe was secured using a headband device to provide a fixed angle of insonation. Heart rate was measured from the electrocardiogram. Beat-by-beat arterial pressure was measured by photoelectric plethysmography (Finapres, Ohmeda, Louisville, CO). Ventilation was measured via a mouthpiece and pneumotachograph (Model 5719, Hans Rudolph, Kansas City, MO). End-tidal O2 tension and end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) were sampled from the mouthpiece and measured with infrared gas analyzers (Models CD3A and S-3A/I, Ametek, Pittsburgh, PA). Each of the physiologic signals was routed to a signal conditioner/amplifier module and a physiologic chart recorder (TA-4000, Gould, Cleveland, OH), and was digitized and stored on a personal computer (sampling rate, 120 Hz) for off-line analysis using custom-written software.
We used a modified Read rebreathing test (31) to assess cerebrovascular responses to hyercapnia. A 6-L anesthesia bag was attached by means of a two-way valve to a mouthpiece. Before initiation of the rebreathing test, this bag was filled with a volume of air equal to the subject's predicted vital capacity plus 1 L that had a gas composition of 3% CO2 and 40% O2. Predicted vital capacity was calculated using the following equations (32):
Males: 0.052 · height (cm) − 0.022 · age −3.6
Females: 0.047 · height (cm) − 0.029 · age −2.9.
The test began with a baseline period of room air breathing through the mouthpiece with the nose occluded in which at least 4 minutes of stable normoxic, normocapnic breathing were recorded. After the baseline recordings were complete, the valve was turned to allow rebreathing from the bag. The PETCO2 level of the first breath from the bag was noted, and rebreathing continued until PETCO2 reached +10 mm Hg above this level. In most subjects, this level was reached within 2.5 minutes. Then, the valve was opened to room air, and after the first room air breath, the mouthpiece and noseclip were removed. Typical responses to this rebreathing test are shown in Figure 1.
All signals were analyzed using custom-written software. Cerebral flow velocity for each cardiac cycle was determined by integrating the Doppler signal and dividing by the length of the cycle (i.e., velocity-time integral). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated as one third pulse pressure plus diastolic pressure. Within-breath averages were computed for velocity-time integral, heart rate, and MAP. To quantify vascular responsiveness to CO2, we performed breath-by-breath linear regression analysis of velocity-time integral versus PETCO2. The slope of this relationship was used to make between-subject comparisons of cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness (CCR) (centimeters per seconds per millimeters of mercury PETCO2). The day-to-day reliability of these measurements, assessed in nine healthy subjects, was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). Linear regression analysis was also used to determine the change, per millimeter of mercury PETCO2, in secondary outcome measures of MAP, heart rate, and ventilation during rebreathing. Quantification of physiologic variables associated with the rebreathing test was performed by one of two study personnel. To assess the reliability of our analysis procedures, we performed duplicate quantifications for every 15th subject tested. This examination revealed excellent repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.99).
The distributions of all variables assessed in the Cerebrovascular Reactivity Protocol were approximately normal. We performed linear regression analyses with CCR as the primary outcome variable. The MAP, heart rate, and ventilatory responses during rebreathing were secondary outcome variables. We examined SDB severity as the independent variable, using two different representations. One was the AHI, categorized into severity levels (level 1, AHI <1; level 2, AHI 1–4.9; level 3, AHI 5–14.9; level 4, 15–29.9; and level 5, AHI ≥30). We tested this categorical variable using a linear trend test. We also examined log-transformed AHI (log[AHI+1]) as a continuous variable. The other measure of SDB severity was mean level of SaO2 during sleep, a continuous variable. In this SaO2 analysis, we excluded individuals with lung disease (those reporting a diagnosis of emphysema or use of β agonist, adrenal glucocorticoid, methylxanthine, leukotriene inhibitor, or mast cell stabilizer medications). In all linear regression analyses, we excluded subjects who were current users of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (n = 29) because their polysomnographic data are not accurate reflections of the amount of SDB experienced on a nightly basis.
Initially, we examined unadjusted relationships. Secondarily, we adjusted for age; sex; BMI; waist-to-hip ratio; current smoking; alcohol use (drinks per week); and the presence of diabetes. We adjusted for these potential confounders because of their known influence on SDB and endothelial function (33–38). In addition, for CCR, we also examined models that included an adjustment for the increase in MAP during rebreathing. It was necessary to adjust for MAP because it is an indicator of cerebral perfusion pressure, an important determinant of cerebral blood flow (39). Finally, we also examined two-way interactions between SDB:CCR relationships and age, sex, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
We used β coefficients from the model and population means for the confounding variables to estimate least square means of our outcomes for the AHI severity level categories. We used the β coefficient to estimate the effect of log AHI and mean level of oxygen saturation. Chi-square t tests were used to assess statistical significance and P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for main effects. For interaction terms, we used a more conservative α level of P less than 0.01. SAS software (version 9.1.3, SAS Institute, Carey, NC) was used for all analysis.
Seventeen of 390 participants (5 males and 12 females) were excluded from analysis because of inability to obtain an adequate Doppler signal. These participants tended to have higher BMI, but did not differ from the remaining subjects in terms of AHI, presence of diabetes, or history of cardiovascular disease (data not shown).
Summary data for cardiovascular and respiratory variables measured before the rebreathing test are shown in Table 2. Minute ventilation was somewhat elevated in patients in the highest AHI category and in CPAP users relative to other categories; however, PETCO2 was comparable in all groups.
The rebreathing protocol was generally well-tolerated. We did not observe signs of hemodynamic instability in any participant. Transient breathlessness was the most commonly reported symptom. The rebreathing test elicited, on average, increases in heart rate of one beat per minute, MAP of 12 mm Hg, and minute ventilation of 17 liters per minute. Summary data for these variables and CCR are shown in Table 3.
We observed a significant positive correlation between CCR and mean SaO2 during sleep (Table 4 and Figure 2). This relationship was evident in the unadjusted analysis (P = 0.013) and it persisted after adjustments for age; sex; BMI; alcohol consumption; smoking; diabetes; waist-to-hip ratio; and MAP increase during rebreathing (P = 0.014). The β coefficient associated with the model indicates that for each 5% decrease in mean SaO2 during sleep, CCR was reduced by 0.4 cm per second per mm Hg (40% of the population SD for CCR). No two-way interactions were observed between the SaO2–CCR relationship and age, sex, or sleepiness. Adjustment of the statistical model for several categories of medications that are putative confounders of the SaO2–CCR relationship (antihypertensive agents, statins, estrogen, allopurinol, or cyclooxygenase inhibitors) did not affect β coefficients or P values, nor did further adjustment for insulin sensitivity (data not shown). No relationships were observed between mean SaO2 during sleep and increase in MAP during rebreathing (P = 0.782); change in heart rate during rebreathing (P = 0.995); or hypercapnic ventilatory response (P = 0.497).
We also evaluated the association between CCR and AHI (Table 5). When AHI category was used as a trend variable, the association was nearly significant in the unadjusted analysis (P = 0.050); however, when alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, and waist-to-hip ratio were added to the model, the correlation was not significant (P = 0.111). The association between CCR and AHI category was also nonsignificant when MAP increase during rebreathing was added to the model (P = 0.179). Qualitatively similar results were found when using continuous AHI (log[AHI+1]) instead of categorical AHI. The unadjusted coefficient (SE) for CCR regressed on log(AHI+1) was −0.10 (0.05) (P = 0.033); with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, current smoking, diabetes diagnosis, and alcohol consumption, the coefficient (SE) for log(AHI+1) was −0.10 (0.05) (P = 0.073). When the change in MAP during rebreathing was added to the model, the coefficient (SE) for log(AHI+1) was −0.08 (0.05) (P = 0.123). Further adjustment for insulin sensitivity did not affect β coefficients or P values; thus, we did not include insulin sensitivity in the final analysis. No two-way interactions were observed between the AHI–CCR relationship and age, sex, or sleepiness.
We observed an inverse relationship between AHI category and increase in MAP during rebreathing that was of borderline significance (P = 0.079). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between AHI and change in heart rate during rebreathing (P = 0.208) or hypercapnic ventilatory response (P = 0.182).
Although we did not include data from current CPAP users in our statistical models, we did assess cerebrovascular reactivity in these individuals. In current CPAP users, the mean value for CCR (2.3 ± 0.2) was lower than in individuals with AHI less than five but higher than in those with AHI greater than 30 (Table 3).
The major finding of this study is that hypercapnic vasodilation in the cerebral circulation, an exquisitely sensitive physiologic mechanism responsible for minimizing changes in brain tissue Pco2 during fluctuations in arterial CO2, is diminished, in graded fashion, across the continuum of mild to severe SDB. We observed a significant positive correlation between the mean level of SaO2 during sleep and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity. In contrast, AHI, regardless of whether it was represented as a categorical or continuous variable, was not statistically significantly associated with cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity. Although we cannot infer causation from our observational data, we interpret these findings as indirect evidence that nocturnal hypoxemia contributes importantly to impaired cerebrovascular function in individuals with SDB.
This conclusion is predicated on the assumption that reductions in SaO2 during sleep were caused by SDB. Alternatively, SaO2 may have been reduced secondary to lung disease. However, we believe this possibility was minimized because participants with a history of lung disease and those taking medications used to treat lung disease were excluded from this analysis. Also, our assumption that the reduction in CCR we observed in participants in the lower quartiles of nocturnal SaO2 represents impaired hypercapnic vasodilation is valid only if the rebreathing test evoked comparable increases in MAP across all subject groups. This is a reasonable assumption because there was no correlation between nocturnal SaO2 and MAP during rebreathing and because the SaO2–CCR relationship was statistically significant both before and after adjustment for the increase in MAP. In contrast, the AHI–CCR relationship was confounded by between-group differences in MAP: a negative correlation of borderline significance was observed between AHI and MAP during rebreathing. Thus, it is not possible to discern whether CCR was lower in participants with higher AHI because of blunted hypercapnic vasodilation or whether CCR was lower secondary to smaller increases in cerebral perfusion pressure during rebreathing. The finding that the AHI–CCR relationship became statistically nonsignificant after adjustment for the increase in MAP during rebreathing points to the latter possibility. Our data are consistent in demonstrating that, across a wide spectrum of SDB, the mean level of SaO2 during sleep better predicts the blunting of CO2 reactivity than does the frequency of events (i.e., AHI).
In contrast to the significant negative correlation between SDB and CCR in our subjects, ventilatory responses during rebreathing did not vary according to SaO2 or AHI category. In one previous study, enhanced ventilatory responses to CO2 were reported in OSA patients versus control subjects (40); however, several other studies have found no between-group differences (16, 41, 42). We speculate that much of the variability in ventilatory responses to CO2 is attributable to performance of these studies during wakefulness, when nonchemoreceptor, behavioral inputs have a substantial influence on respiratory output.
The present findings in a population-based sample free of clinical selection biases are consistent with our previous observations of diminished CCR in patients with moderate to severe OSA (16). The magnitude of CCR decrement in the present subjects who fell within the lowest versus the highest quartiles of nocturnal SaO2 values was similar to that observed in our clinic-based sample (−17 versus −22%). Because the average CCR in CPAP users was enhanced relative to participants with untreated SDB and AHI greater than 30, the present findings suggest that SDB-related impairment in cerebrovascular function is reversible, at least in part, with treatment. This finding also agrees with our previous observations of patients with moderate to severe OSA (16). Nevertheless, because the average CCR in CPAP users was still somewhat diminished relative to that of participants with no SDB (AHI <5), the present data also suggest that CPAP does not provide full protection against this vascular consequence of SDB. A potential reason is that many individuals are not fully compliant with this treatment. Patients who are considered "CPAP compliant" use the device for as few as 4 hours on most nights (43–45). Thus, many of them remain exposed, for varying amounts of time, to the adverse effects of SDB and resultant intermittent hypoxemia.
The present findings also parallel two previous population-based studies that used flow-mediated dilation in the forearm to assess vascular function (21, 22). All three studies found associations between vascular dysfunction and SDB severity. Consistent with the present findings, one previous study found that nocturnal SaO2 was a more important predictor of vascular function than was AHI (21). The other previous study observed that SDB was associated with impaired vascular function in females, but not males (22). In the present study, the interaction between sex and SDB-associated vascular dysfunction was not statistically significant. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between vascular reactivity and alcohol consumption in one previous report (22). A similar correlation was not present in our study.
Hypercapnic vasodilation in the brain is a complex, endothelium-dependent process: nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and cytochrome P-450 metabolites have all been implicated (46–48). Endothelium-dependent dilation in the forearm is blunted in individuals with SDB (21, 49–51). The causes of this impairment are not well understood; however, oxidative stress (i.e., imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses) and inflammation are putative contributors. Both processes have been observed in patients with OSA (4), are accompanied by decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased expression of both nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase in venous endothelial cells (51), and are ameliorated by CPAP treatment (51). In addition, allopurinol treatment has been shown to normalize impaired flow-mediated dilation in patients with OSA (52), which suggests an important role for xanthine oxidase–derived superoxide. Excess superoxide would be expected to reduce the availability of nitric oxide by combining with it to form peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite, in turn, could further limit nitric oxide via oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin, a critical cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (53, 54). Peroxynitrite could also limit prostacyclin production by suppression of prostacyclin synthase (55). We speculate that the pathologic processes that interfere with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the forearm also contribute to the observed blunting of hypercapnic vasodilation in the cerebral circulation.
Our conclusions regarding cerebrovascular responses are predicated on the assumption that Doppler measurements of flow velocity are reflective of volume flow, an assumption that is satisfied only when the cross-sectional area of the artery remains constant. We did not measure diameter; however, previous investigators have shown that middle cerebral artery diameter varies by less than or equal to 4% during changes in arterial pressure, CO2 tension (56), or gravitational stress (57). In addition, velocity and volume flow through the middle cerebral artery are highly correlated (58). Also, one of our measures of SDB severity, AHI, has limited reliability, especially over a single night of observation. Nevertheless, with 373 subjects, we believe our study is adequately powered considering the known night-to-night variability (59).
In the absence of SaO2 measurements during wakefulness and concurrent measurements of pulmonary function, individuals with lung disease were identified based on self-reported medical history and use of medications used to treat lung disease. We recognize that this imprecise method is a limitation of our study.
Finally, in this cross-sectional study, we cannot uncover the temporal nature of the relationship between SDB and blunted CCR. On one hand, SDB could cause impairment in reactivity via intermittent hypoxemia and attendant insults to vascular structure and function. However, diminished cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity could cause or exacerbate SDB. Answers to these questions await longitudinal observations in population-based studies.
Several previous reports suggest that the observed impairments in CCR may be clinically relevant. In patients with essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus, impaired CCR was correlated with endothelial dysfunction in the forearm (17), a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk (18, 20). Because hypercapnic vasodilation in the cerebral circulation is evoked by substances produced in endothelial cells (46–48), we believe that CCR is a proxy measure of endothelial function and therefore may also be a predictor of cardiovascular risk. Diminished cerebrovascular responsiveness to CO2 has been observed in patients with ischemic stroke (60) and those with multiple subcortical infarctions (61). Therefore, this functional impairment may play a pathogenetic role in cerebrovascular disease. Further, in patients with congestive heart failure, CCR was correlated with ejection fraction, prompting the speculation that depressed cerebrovascular reactivity may be responsible for cognitive impairments in patients with severe ventricular dysfunction (62). We have shown that CCR is reduced in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea relative to patients with similar cardiac dysfunction but without central sleep apnea (63). Because CO2 reactivity in the cerebral circulation minimizes changes in brain Pco2 during fluctuations in arterial Pco2, the observed compromise in cerebrovascular regulation may disturb breathing stability during sleep. Reductions in CCR could exacerbate breathing instability during sleep by exaggerating the accumulation and also the washout of CO2 from central chemoreceptors during fluctuations in ventilation and arterial Pco2.
The authors are grateful to their colleague, the late James B. Skatrud, M.D., for his invaluable contributions to study design. We also appreciate the assistance of the following individuals: Dominic S. Puleo, Ailiang Xie, M.D., Ph.D., K. Mae Hla, M.D., Maryan Stubbs, Diane Austin, Amanda Rasmuson, Kathryn Pluff, Katherine Stanback, and Linda Evans.
Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 HL075035, R01 HL062252, R01 AG14124, and T32 HL07654 and by 1UL1RR025011 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. This work was also supported by the Office of Research and Development, Clinical Science R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs.
Originally Published in Press as DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201002-0313OC on July 16, 2010
Author Disclosure: B.J.M. received $1,001–$5,000 from Respironics in consultancy fees and $50,001–$100,000 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in sponsored grants. K.J.R. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. P.E.P. received more than $100,001 from the National Institutes of Health in sponsored grants as an investigator with salary support on multiple National Institutes of Health awards. L.F. received up to $1,000 from Respironics for statistical consulting. S.R.B. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. T.Y. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. F.J.N. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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French Connection
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Favour the throw-on Talulah Knits Mix Maxi Dress on relaxed days that require little to no dressing effort. A deep, generous thigh spilt travels all the way up to the mid-thigh of the leg to bring sultry appeal to its loose, sinuous fit. Wear in-between season with bare legs and block heels to elongate your stance even further. Knit and woven maxi dress Cotton and wool-blend knit overlay with side hem splits Rib edging at hem V-neck Grown-on sleeves Woven cupro maxi skirt at underlay with deep thigh split Loose fit UK size M length from high shoulder neck point to hem is 140cmOur model is 5ft 10" and is wearing a UK size M. Style code - 71gcb


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Can anyone be involved in two crimes at the same time when the scenes are 500 kilometres apart?
Believe it or not, two men reported to have fled a murder scene in Uttarakhand on November 20 were, round about the same time, also caught with liquor in the Khalra police jurisdiction of Tarn Taran district. Over this matter, two police officers in Punjab now have received suspension order.
Suspects Mohinder Singh and Joga Singh and 12 others were charged in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand with shooting three people to death over a land dispute in Kashipur area. That crime was reported at 11.40am on November 20 in Uttarakhand, and almost an hour later, the Khalra police had shown to have seized liquor from them. It's another matter that the two spots are more than 500 kilometers apart.
It's to be established which first-information report (FIR) genuine but the Tarn Taran police have issued suspension order to a station house officer (SHO), an assistant sub-inspector (ASI), and a couple of other men in uniform.
A police from Uttarakhand that reached Tarn Taran on a hunt for murder suspects on November 23 was stunned on finding the two men behind bars there for the violation of the excise law. It contacted the higher officials back in its state.
About the firing incident near Kashipur, the Uttarakhand police had lodged a case against 14 people, Anant Shankar Takwale, senior superintendent of police in Udham Singh Nagar, has confirmed. Mohinder Singh and Joga Singh are among the suspects in the case registered at Kashipur.
"We received an input that they were in Tarn Taran district of Punjab," said Takwale. "When our team got there, it found that they had been charged under the excise law there on November 20."
Replying to a question, SSP Takwale said "it was shocking, definitely". He has spoken with his counterpart in Tarn Taran and written to him to seek against the Punjab police officials involved.
KS Dhillon, SSP of Tarn Taran, confirmed the action taken against Jagdish Raj, SHO of Khalra; and ASI and two other policemen. A team will look into the registration of two cases the same day.


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The Salvation of Jacob (22 of 32) by Zach Terry
This content is part of a series.The Salvation of Jacob (22 of 32)
Series: Genesis
Zach Terry
Genesis 28
OPENING ILLUSTRATION: I love to hear how people came to faith in Christ. It's always hard for me to listen without tearing up. I imagine one of the great joys of Heaven will be hearing all of the stories of how people came to Christ.
Peter will say, "I was out on the sea of Galilee when I heard a voice". Paul will say, "I was on the road to Damascus when I saw a light" But what will Jacob say, "It all started when my mom dressed me up like my older brother"
Remember last week we saw Jacob's deception that enabled him to secure the family blessing for himself. Remember we saw that Esau was angry enough to kill him.
Genesis 28:1-5 (NAS) 1 So Isaac called Jacob and blessed him and charged him, and said to him, "You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan. 2 "Arise, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father; and from there take to yourself a wife from the daughters of Laban your mother's brother.
No doubt that Isaac could have sent a servant as his grandfather did to find Rebecca. However, it seems that he recognized that it would be wise to put some distance between Jacob and Esau after all that had taken place.
Paddan-Aram, in the area of Haran - It was far enough that Esau wouldn't follow him there. Yet there was family there, so Jacob wouldn't be alone. All in all, it was a sensible suggestion.
The journey would be 500 miles from Beersheba to Haran, which was located not near southern border of modern-day Turkey.
Jacob would be retracing the steps of his grandfather Abraham who came from Haran to the Promised Land many years ago.
Jacob's Journey Genesis 28:10-11 (NAS)
10 Then Jacob departed from Beersheba and went toward Haran. 11 He came to a certain place and spent the night there, because the sun had set; and he took one of the stones of the place and put it under his head, and lay down in that place.
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What if I die tonight?
I love the Wallace Stevens poem "Sunday Morning". Beyond the tang of oranges and vivid green parrots, I love the message. The earth is our Paradise. People waste their lives setting themselves up to get into heaven, and they're missing it. Yet it actually fits well: Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden when they gained the knowledge of their mortality; suddenly, life had a limit, and the world wasn't permanent. Think about it.
A lot of people I've known have died in this school year, leaving Paradise here for oblivion. Uncle Ned was plenty old enough at a whopping 92 years of age, and ready to go too, but the others were far too young. I never got to know Caitie Carnes like I wish I did. I have memories of her that date back to when I was in middle school, and I often passed her in the halls freshman year, never stopping to say hello. But her death at age 18, in her first week of college, has taught me to live for happiness.
It may have been a few months after she died, I'm not really sure. I was laying in bed, exhausted from a stressful, painful day, thinking about what happened to her. A thought I popped into my head, one that I couldn't quite quell: what if I die tonight? I wondered what all the struggling, all the hard work for the right grades in the right classes would mean if I were to pass away before the morning. Back then, my entire life was built around grades, achievement, and success. This thought particularly vexed me, because there was no simple lie I could tell myself to make it go away. I didn't help anyone that day, nor did I enjoy myself, and, assuming the existence of heaven, I don't think I'd have gotten in with my life thus far. Although I couldn't admit it, even in silent nighttime thought, a day spent like that was a day wasted.
Now I use that question as a guide for living. If I died overnight, I'd want to be satisfied with my last day; I don't want to wait for my Paradise, be it in heaven or on Earth. Just like people waste their lives trying to be perfect and virtuous enough for Heaven, lamenting over mistakes, I refuse to live mine with the mentality of "I'll be happy when...", because I want to be happy now.


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Does Lifting Weights Make Your Bladder Fall?
On One Hand: Heavy WeightliftingA prolapsed bladder, which means you have weak pelvic floor muscles and ligaments that allow your bladder to sink, can be caused by repeated heavy lifting, according...
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Does lifting weights stun your growth?
It depends what excercises you do. For example squats are so bad for you. As you are not fully grown yet and squats suppress your spine preventing you from growing as much. However working with dum...
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Do lifting weights affect your ability to make 10 foul shots?
On One Hand: Improving StrengthYou can achieve different types of strength by lifting weights. You should focus on improving your absolute strength in order to increase overall muscle power. Liftin...
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Does lifting weights cause a rupture?
On One Hand: Weightlifting May Cause a RuptureA rupture is when a muscle is torn from the bone by trying to lift a load that is beyond the limit of the muscle. This can happen in weightlifting, esp...
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Does lifting weights raise glucose levels?
On One Hand: Sustained Exercise Lowers Glucose LevelsIf you partake in an exercise such as weight lifting for more than 90 minutes, your blood glucose concentration will decrease, according to the ...
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Weekly fishing report, July 23
Burbank's Warren Walker landed a 49-pound halibut on Ventura Sportfishing's Island Spirit.
Ventura's Jeff Rose caught a 31-pound halibut on the Pacific Dawn.
Simi Valley's Mike Heck reeled in a 14-pound sheephead on the Pacific Eagles.
Simi Valley's Dale Wischow caught an 8-pound calico bass on the Island Spirit.
The seabass fishing has slowed at Ventura Sportfishing. Local island bass fishing has picked up.
"Besides good bass fishing, there are still big halibut being caught from time to time," said Mike Thompson of Ventura Sportfishing.
Bonito have moved in to the Ventura coast and islands. Rockfish, lingcod and sheephead have rounded out a day's count lately.
"Conditions are prime with warm water and bait a plenty, with live squids in the wells," Thompson said. "The weather has been stable with little to no wind. This is a great opportunity to get on the water."
Channel Islands Sportfishing had two whoppers from last week on the Pacific Islander.
George Ochoa, of Boyle Heights, caught a 26-pound white seabass and West Hills resident Melanya Tratsuyan caught a 14.7-pound sheephead.
Newbury Park's Nelson Phinpathya caught a 22-pound white seabass off the Hooks Sportfishing's New Hustler at Santa Cruz Island. Chris Galloway, of Atascadero, brought back a 9-pound calico bass from Harrison Reef.
Lake Casitas: Santa Paula's David Garcia caught a 13-pound catfish on a nightcrawler on Sunday. Santa Paula's Gabriel Medrano caught a 7.9-pound bass on a nightcrawler on Saturday.
Oxnard's David Regan caught five bass, the largest a 5.9-pounder.
Regan also caught two redear sunfish, a pound and 1¼ pounds, with nightcrawlers.
Ojai's Travis Walters caught a 6.7-pound bass on a jig.
There's been a very good bite for surface fishing in the early morning using top-water lures. As the day warms up, plastic worms and jigs are the best in 15 to 20 feet of water. By evening, top-water lures work best.
Lake hours: 5:30 a.m.-8 p.m.
Castaic Lake: John Petrov, of Venice, caught a 3-pound striper.
Largemouth bass have been biting well in the 2-pound range.
A small group of shad have been seen around the docks along the main launch ramp, so expect top water action during August.
Catfish are being caught in the 4-pound range and fishing has been fair. All other catches, including bluegill, carp, crappie, redear and trout, are being rated poor.
Lake hours: 5:45 a.m.-8 p.m.
Cachuma Lake: Catfish has been the only game in town. Santa Barbara's Kenny Weber had a limit with a 6.5-pound whopper. Santa Barbara's Cody Uhrig did well on the catfish on the docks to the right of the marina. Uhrig also had a couple of crappie.
Bass fishing has been tough. Only a handful of trout have been caught in the 1.5-pound range.
Rich Romine


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In a bungalow a few blocks from S. Kinnickinnic Ave., art is married to music. It's a happy arrangement.
Artist Christina Ward and musician Dan Niedziejko have filled their 125-year-old house with their combined art interests: her love of outsider art and his German lithographs.
Christina started the collection that fills the living room walls and spills throughout the house, but she said she has learned the art of compromise. "You definitely have to check with your partner."
As she speaks, the hardwood floors buzz from the sound of drums in the basement below. It's a short-lived set. Dan, who works for Johnson Controls by day, is showing a photographer his recording studio and drum sets. Dan, a drummer, is in the band Genau (which is German and translates to "precisely") along with Christopher Belkofer and Erik Gosnell.
Earlier, the jukebox in the dining room was playing Roxy Music, for free. For an anniversary present, they bought a jukebox for the house and filled it with their own 45s.
The dining room is where they have family dinners, usually for "as many as I can cram in," Christina said. It's where their daughter, Ruadhan (pronounced Rowan) Ward, did her homework. Nearly 20, Ruadhan is a sophomore at Bard College studying ethnomusicology.
Christina is the fifth generation of her family to call Bay View home. Dan was a south sider when they bought the house in 1999. They were looking for a neighborhood when they found this small house. The previous owners raised six children here.
Just off the dining room is Dan's office. Across the way is Christina's sewing room, where she used to make stuffed animals and also created the chili pepper costumes for the recent WMSE Rockabilly Chili fundraiser. She keeps an organized inventory of sewing supplies and accessories.
In between is the dining room, centered by Christina's heirloom dining table, built low to the ground for her grandparents. The china cabinet came with the house. It was built in the room, and although it has rollers on the bottom, it's too big to fit through the archway. The couple are left with only two walls to choose from if they want to move it.
Unusual wall of doors
In the 1920s, the owners added the kitchen to the house, which explains their unusual wall of doors. One door leads upstairs to the attic, where the bedrooms are. One leads downstairs to the basement. One leads to the home's bathroom. The couple removed the door leading to the pantry with all of its built-in shelving, but not until they had some fun with the doors.
"You could close all four doors, and it was like a game show," Christina said.
There's only one bathroom in the house. "We're bath people," Christina said. They long ago abandoned the shower because they would have to duck to use it. The couple painted the bathroom trim and cupboards black but kept the pink tub and sink. On the wall is an old picture of Dan's father when he was in the Army.
Christina is a Master Food Preserver for Milwaukee County, which, she said, "mandates me to volunteer to teach" food preservation. It begins in the garden outside, now covered with snow, and moves to the kitchen. Dan built shelves above the sink and added the countertop where the wild grape wine Christina is making currently rests.
"We're getting ready for the zombie apocalypse," Christina quipped. Renovations in the kitchen include a floor tiled in red commercial-grade linoleum and a backsplash that only looks like old-fashioned tin. It's really a resin product.
They're practical people on all fronts. When he proposed, Dan told Christina he could afford an engagement ring or a car — an Opel GT. She told him to go with the car.
"We've always lived as small as we could," Christina said. "We did that consciously."
The living room is filled with objects that the couple have collected and love, including a midcentury modern chair that Christina found on a trip back from taking her daughter to school. A working cash register in the corner is from the basement rec room of Dan's family home, obtained by his father when he was a Milwaukee vice officer.
Q.Talk about the living room furniture.
Christina: There's not a brand new item in this joint. I look at the quality of construction these days, and it's just terrible. Also, when my daughter was growing up, we were the house where there was always a sandwich and a hot meal. That's why we have the furniture from the '30s and '40s with vinyl. It's a nod to modern, but it's practical.
And that sofa is comfortable, but you can't sleep on it. I hate when people sleep on the couch. Just go to bed.
Q. What is it about art that makes you want to collect it?
Christina: We like to do things. Having the art there is very motivating.
Q.What's your favorite room?
Dan: I like it in the studio.
Christina: We spend a lot of time in the kitchen or living room.
Q.Do you have any future plans for the house?
Christina: We want to sand the floors. We ripped up some old-man carpeting in here, so we'll do that maybe summer-ish. Dan will learn how to use a floor sander.
Do you, or does someone you know, have a cool, funky or exquisite living space that you'd like to see featured in At Home? Contact Entree home and garden editor Tina Maples at (414) 223-5500 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Spelling Bee Superstar
Damn I loves me some Scripps Spelling Bee, y'all. Love that it's on teevee, and LOVE your 2008 Champion, Sameer Mishra. Many times, the winners of these things are quivery sacks of tiny childlike frailties, spasming all along their nervous systems and staring out at the crowd like they just landed from Mars with their eyes all agog and haunted by impending failure. But Sameer was just a total frakking ROCKSTAR up there, pumping his fist with every right answer but totally not douching out about it. This dude's a killer, and I shouldn't be surprised in another fifteen years to learn that he's living in some beach mansion with a hottub the size of the Verizon Center packed stem to stern with people wearing no pants.
This video is the Essence of Mishra, where he briefly believes he has actually been asked to spell the word "numbnuts." He totally handles his shit, though, and I love at the end where he explained that his only worry was that "numbnut" has a host of different spellings. It probably does, too - I bet that Chaucer totally used the word "noombenutte" in The Canterbury Tales.


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BlackRock's iShares unit, the market leader in exchange traded funds, gathered $21.4 billion in new assets in the second quarter, besting Vanguard by nearly 18%.
But BlackRock (BLK) isn't taking success for granted. In June, iShares widened its popular Core lineup to include four new funds plus six existing funds given Core branding.
Launched in 2012, the iShares Core suite aims to give investors low-cost, broad exposure to bonds and equities for the long term.
Patrick Dunne, head of iShares Global Markets and Investments at BlackRock, discussed his company's newest offerings and the state of the industry.
IBD: It was recently announced that iShares topped 2Q ETF inflows. What's behind the success?
Patrick Dunne: After a somewhat slow start to the year, the second quarter was very strong for the ETF industry as more and more investors embraced ETFs, and iShares ETFs specifically, for low-cost, diversified access to global markets.
We saw investors returning to emerging markets, which drove considerable flows into our flagship iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (EEM) as well as our iShares JPMorgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF (EMB), and helped us take the top spot. There is also strong interest in European equities, particularly from Asian investors.
IBD: BlackRock has tripled the size of its iShares business since buying it from Barclays (BCS) five years ago. How?
Dunne: I was here when BlackRock acquired Barclays Global Investors five years ago, and at that time, the total assets in iShares globally were around $385 billion. Today, we are hovering around $1 trillion, with the majority of that coming from organic growth — more than 70% — including 162 funds with $1 billion.
Helping to fuel this growth is our position as the only truly global ETF provider offering a product mix for the broadest range of investors, both institutional and retail, whether they are looking to ETFs to express their views about the market or as portfolio-building blocks to buy and hold for the long term.
IBD: IShares faces strong competition from Vanguard for mom-and-pop investors. What are you doing to meet the challenge?
Dunne: There's no doubt that we see the U.S. retail market as a huge opportunity, and it will continue to be a primary area of focus for our business in the U.S. Since launching the iShares Core — our plain-vanilla, basic building blocks for bedrock positions — in October 2012, we've been able to reverse the market-share dynamic, but there is still work to be done. This includes not only the way we deliver the best of BlackRock to financial advisers through our integrated sales force but also how we communicate with personal investors who may be just starting to hear about iShares funds. Our partnership with Fidelity is another important aspect of our retail strategy. The outsized growth we've seen in our commission-free iShares funds at Fidelity, coupled with the increase in Fidelity accounts holding our funds, speaks to how our growing partnership is resonating with retail investors.
IBD: What's behind the move to offer 10 new Core funds?
Dunne: The decision to expand our iShares Core lineup was driven by the success of the existing iShares Core and in response to the needs of investors who are increasingly turning to ETFs as long-term holdings at the core of their portfolios. The new product introductions are primarily for investors looking for a few additional ways to manage their long-term investments and keep more of what they earn by combining competitive pricing with diversified, tax-efficient products using premier index.
IBD: Besides fees ranging from 0.09% to 0.15% — lower than usual for iShares — what's different about the new funds?
Dunne: Our recent expansion of iShares Core offers investors a bit more granularity in their investment choices by introducing new U.S. growth, value and dividend funds, specific international exposures in Europe and the Pacific, and new choices in fixed income for investors looking for a few additional ways to manage their long-term investments. For example, for investors continuing to look for ways to generate income in a low-interest-rate environment, iShares Core Dividend Growth (DGRO) and iShares Core High Dividend (HDV) offer a cost-effective and tax-efficient investment option. Or if you're looking to access Europe in a cost-effective way, iShares Core MSCI Europe (IEUR) provides access to 99% of the Europe stock market in one trade.
IBD: Six of the 10 new Core funds were existing ETFs given new names and, in some cases, new tickers. Won't this confuse consumers?
Dunne: Actually, we are hearing the opposite. BlackRock continues to be committed to making investing simpler, easier and more efficient for investors. By packaging the funds together under the same "Core" name, we are giving investors a simpler way to identify the type of funds best suited for long-term holdings.
IBD: The funds repackaged as Core also saw fee cuts — from 0.40% to 0.12% in the case of HDV. Won't this have an impact on revenue?
Dunne: We focus on both revenue and market-share expansion. We are willing to compete on price and pass on the savings to investors in order for ETFs to extend everywhere that people want long-term passive holdings. However, these products represent a small portion of our total product lineup and overall revenues.
IBD: IShares has a 39% market share outside the U.S. What opportunities and challenges do you see globally?
Dunne: Our market position is a true competitive advantage. But how iShares will grow beyond today's $1 trillion in assets will depend on our ability to harness our global advantage to deliver our funds to a segmented client base — from clients willing to pay to express an investment view with a highly liquid product to personal investors looking for competitively priced products for their long-term holdings.
As an industry, we have really only just scratched the surface of global ETF usage. Today, ETFs represent only 3% of equity markets and less than 1% of fixed income, so growing the total ETF market seems almost inevitable.
IBD: Do ETFs make a good fit in 401(k) plans? What issues still need to be overcome?
Dunne: Today ETF penetration into 401(k) plans is almost nonexistent, but we expect to see the demand for low costs and fee transparency in 401(k) plans to start driving interest in ETFs as an investment option, particularly in the small- and midsized plans. That said, these are still early days, and there is still considerable work to be done on this front.


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photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli JAMAICA HAITI & JAMAICA CULTURE/WORLD REGION TAINO ARAWAK RELIGION Roman Catholic MAJOR FOODS Protein Sources Typical Day's Menu Breakfast- coffee & plain bread from manioc flour Culture & World Region 'Xaymaca' meaning "land of wood & water" Major Foods Protein Sources 1492-CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 17th Century-spain ceded haiti to france Mulatto Francois Dominique Toussaint Jean-Jaques Desalines wealthy class
middle class
lower class-shanty towns Voodoo-a mixture of African animism(spirits & nature) Bondye- creator God Loua/loa-responsible of a particular aspect of life Houngan- male Voodoo priest Mambo- female voodoo priest Haiti LANGUAGE French & Creole fish, shellfish, pork, goat, chiken,beans Starch Sources rice, corn, millet, yam, sorghum Fat Sources pig fat, imported cheese Prominent Vegetables wild greens, black mushroom, okra, lima beans Prominent Fruits citrus fruits, mango, breadfuit, avocado, coconut, plantain Spices & Seasonings Beverages clairin, coffee, soft drinks Desserts Fresco anise, cinnamon, clove, chive, garlic, ginger, leek, lemongrass, mint, onion, parsley, chili pepper, red & green peppers, escallion, thyme Midday- porridge of corn or sorghum Late afternoon- same in midday added with fresh fruit like pineapple or mango or rice & beans Sundays- pumpkin soup Holiday Menus Griot- fried pork haitian bread pineapple nog pain patate- sweet potato, fig, banana pudding pikliz- spicy pickled carrots & cabbage national motto-"Out Many, One People" Capital- Kingston Capital- Port-au-Prince Language- British English, Patois Native people- Tainos lobster & shrimp, fish, chicken, goat, beef, pork Starch Sources rice, breadfruit, bananas, plantains, bread, baked products Fat Sources coconut, palm, butter, lard red & black beans broad beans black eyed peas gungo beans green/yellow lentils yams Sweet potato dasheen cocoa cassava Prominent Vegetables Prominent Fruits Calaloo Okra Cho-cho Calabaza Guava Naseberry Mammy Apple Soursop Otaheite apple Tamarind Spices & Seasonings Escallions Thyme Nutmeg Ginger Scotch Bonnet Pepper Star Apple Sweetsop Beverages Sorrel Sorrel flower Sea moss Jamaica's Blue Mountain Coffee DESSERTS Tarts & pies Typical Day's Menu Breakfast- eggs, bacon, toast, or ackee & salt fish, fried dumplings& hot tea Lunch- meat patty, fruit, juice, or vegetable soup Dinner- rice & peas, curry goat/chicken, jerk pork, fish,chicken, fried plantains/ boiled bananas steamed vegetable/ raw salad ackee & salt fish Sources: sweet potato pudding gizzada bread pudding toto curry goat rice & peas stewed chicken manish water bammy Food with Cultural Significance cow's cod soup pepper pot soup escovitch fish patty duckunoo Religion- 61.3 % Protestant, Roman Catholic 4%, other spiritual cults 34.7% Music & Dance are symbolic expressions of Jamaica www.everyculture.com www.haititravels.com recipes.wikia.com www.squidoo.com www.whats4eats.com www.foodbycountry.com www.everythinghaitian.com www.travelinghaiti.com www.factmonster.com www.mapsofworld.com www.jamaicans.com www.mobay.com www.globeaware.org www.kwintessential.co.uk www.jamaicatravelandculture.com www2.massgeneral.org bestjamaica.com May 4, 1494- Christopher Columbus arrived on the island 1962- Jamaica gained independence from Britain 1655- England seized Jamaica It is situated south of Cuba & west Haiti Population-2.6 million (July 2000 estitamate) Head of state- governor general Head of government- prime minister Pimento Haiti means " mountainous country" jerking-spicy seasoning used to season meat, fish, poultry & vegetables. fire pit vodouists- practitioners or servants of spirits 1803-France surrendered January 1, 1804- first black republic in the world Conch Books: Culinary Essentials
Cultures Around the World black cake
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The fireplace has been framed up. We have chosen marble to around it and we will sheet rock the top since the TV will be placed above it. You can see the spaces created by the framing that will be perfect for built in shelving. We want the shelving and the mantle to be at similar heights.
Here are the first shots of the porch. We love how deep it is and it will be covered with a roof. The poles will be replaced with columns like these. The columns really shape up the craftsman style feel.
The steps going upstairs are going to be covered in carpet. At Lakewood in Jefferson City, we had hardwood stairs and they were loud! We have carpeted stairs in our apartment and really like them. There's Bob, eager to see for the first time what the upstairs is going to look like!
This is my office/blogging room/craft room/guest room. Doubled the windows in this room for the light when working. We will set up a hide a bed sofa in this room to be able to accommodate more people.
This is Ashley and Eric's room. It has a gorgeous view! We decided on crank out style windows. We had these at our apartment in Kirksville and always loved the retro feel of them. This is designed as a second master suite, with a walk in closet and its own bathroom. Now Ash can leave her favorite shampoos and soaps, an extra hair dryer, etc, so coming to visit will be a piece of cake!
This is Bob's loft. It has a 1/2 wall coming up the steps so there is plenty of light, even with just one window. There will be a loveseat, TV, exercise equipment, and probably all with a sports theme.
To round up the upstairs, there is a hallway bathroom and a laundry room. Ashley and Eric like to do their laundry before they leave and this will give them that opportunity. The hallway bathroom will be for other guests when they come.
It is fun to see it all come together after doing so much planning this past year! So far we haven't made any changes to our plan. Bob's
OCD thoughtfulness ahead of the game has made that possible!!


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Any move I make in Skype shuts it down I have downloaded the newest version and it still is doing this....
I went to control pannel/administrative tools/event viewer and found this error with skype:
Faulting application name: Skype.exe, version: 220.127.116.11, time stamp: 0x4e96c2e0
Faulting module name: KERNELBASE.dll, version: 6.1.7600.16850, time stamp: 0x4e211485
Exception code: 0x0eedfade
Fault offset: 0x0000b9bc
Faulting process id: 0xd48
Faulting application start time: 0x01cca72ae6590cbd
Faulting application path: C:\Program Files (x86)\Skype\Phone\Skype.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\syswow64\KERNELBASE.dll
Report Id: 54e42323-131e-11e1-80b2-00256486ae1b
Same problem. I uninstalled Skype and reinstalled it, and it didn't help.
Getting the same event log stated above. This is some bull.
ok so i am have the same problem is it just for windows 7 it looks like dose any one no how to fix it and make it start working again?
so what dose all that mean>?
Running it in Compatibility for Vista SP 2 fixes it for now. Please try this guys!


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shake it gata!!
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This Gif entitled shake it gata!! was created from the youtube video 2 years ago by MickaelGvl. It uses 18 frames per second and is displayed at 360px resolution. This animated image plays for 10 seconds, was built with high quality and an estimated weight of 10.54 MB for download. This animation was originally created from the GaTa CaNDelA (She got it!!!) video from 01:18 to 01:28.
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Give Your Kids A Great Time With The Leaping Castles
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The CYBEX Solution X-fix car seat was named test winner Gr. 2/3 by leading German independent consumer testing oganisation, Stiftung Warentest (06/2009) and has received numerous awards from the most renowned European c... show more
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The fuel injector cushion ring is a small ring that prevents fuel from leaking between the fuel rail and the intake manifold. These can last a long time, but if you begin to notice leaks you may n...
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