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The Best Natural Shampoo For Your Hair
Rebecca D'Souza
02 Dec 2014
The market is filled with millions of shampoos, while some promise unbeatable style, some guarantee unclogged drains, but if you are in the pursuit of a shampoo that gives you both without having to undergo the effect of harsh chemicals, what's the best choice for you? Let's take a look at the best in herbal hair care using handpicked natural ingredients.
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Henna is a powerful dye that protects the natural colour of the hair and prevents premature greying.
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Reduces or eliminates dandruff and nourishes the scalp.
Straightens hair by softening the curls.
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It's light in texture and thus doesn't make your scalp oily and heavy. It moisturises the scalp and acts as a great conditioner for dry hair.
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Lemon is a great choice in alleviating some of the most common issues associated with poor hair health like dryness and hair damage.
Hair can hold toxins that make the strands damaged or discoloured. Regular use of lemons can help clear these toxins from the body which will help keep the hair healthy and strong.
It also removes excess oil without stripping away too much of the natural oil that your hair needs to keep the ends of your hair strong and maintained.
Lemon is a brilliant cleanser, so using lemon on your scalp can help remove build-up caused by excessive use of chemical-rich shampoos, conditioners and serums.
Tea Tree Oil:
A great ingredient for hair growth, tea tree oil is an essential oil known to promote hair growth by unclogging hair follicles and nourishing the roots.
This oil also fights dandruff effectively; in fact, with regular use you can see a significant reduction in dandruff.
Did you know that tea tree oil is also a good cure for dry scalp? Yes, what it does is that it clears the pores and nourishes your scalp and hair.
The medicinal properties of tea tree oil help in fighting bacterial infections and scalp irritations effectively.
Hair thinning is something we all dread about. But apart from promoting hair growth, tea tree oil also helps in preventing hair loss by replenishing lost nutrients back to the hair and thereby strengthening the follicles.
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Comparison of nest defence behaviour between two associate passerines
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s10164-012-0340-2
- Cite this article as:
- Polak, M. J Ethol (2013) 31: 1. doi:10.1007/s10164-012-0340-2
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- 867 Downloads
Nest predation is one of the most important factors limiting reproductive success, and antipredator behaviour can significantly reduce the loss of avian broods. I carried out field experiments on two sympatric passerines: the barred warbler and the red-backed shrike. Many authors have described the protective nature of nesting association between these species. However, we have little knowledge about the true nature of the relationships between associates. I examined (1) whether barred warblers and red-backed shrikes respond differently to an avian predator, and (2) whether males and females differ in the intensity of nest defence. Decoys of a known nest predator and a non-predatory control species were used to examine the types and relative intensity of parental response. I measured behavioural responsiveness by recording aggressive behaviour toward each model during the nestling period. Barred warblers and red-backed shrikes showed considerable variation in their response. Warblers more vigorously defended their own territories than shrikes. No differences between the sexes in antipredator behaviour in red-backed shrike were found. By contrast, in barred warbler, male was more involved in nest defence. The experimental tests provide evidence that these two species are able to differentiate between a predator and non-predator species.
KeywordsPositive interactions Protective nesting association Nest defence Antipredatory response
Recent empirical studies have suggested that positive interactions may be common, predictable and pervasive important forces in different ecosystems (Blanco and Tella 1997; Martin and Martin 2001; Quinn et al. 2003; Sergio et al. 2004; van Kleef et al. 2007; Nocera et al. 2009). Protection of broods from predators using aggressive behaviour of other species is one of the most unusual strategies used by birds to evade predation (Clark and Robertson 1979; Norrdahl et al. 1995). One such strategy is the creation of protective nesting associations in which one or more species relate and directly benefit from nesting within the protective umbrella created by other species (Blomqvist and Elander 1988; Halme et al. 2004). In the majority of cases, the protective nesting association occurs between a less aggressive species and a more aggressive species (often a raptor; Post and Seals 1993; Blanco and Tella 1997; but see Sergio et al. 2004). Moreover, in birds reproductive success may increase with the number of close, aggressive neighbours, including heterospecifics and conspecifics, because recent studies suggest a direct relationship between group size and mobbing intensity (Pavel and Bureš 2001; Grim 2008; Krama et al. 2012). Profit for individuals nesting in close proximity to an aggressive neighbour is mainly better protection against predators resulting in increased breeding success (Richardson and Bolen 1999). Animals may also refer other additional benefits such as more effective escape from an approaching predator through an early warning system, lower parasitism, the dilution effect against nest predation provided by other nests in the surroundings, higher mating success and therefore better breeding success (Clark and Robertson 1979; Bogliani et al. 1999; Quinn and Ueta 2008). Moreover, recent studies have indeed revealed that conspecifics and heterospecifics are used as a source of information concerning habitat quality, predation risk and food location (Forsman et al. 2008). There are costs associated with mobbing predators, including direct mortality or injury caused by a predator (Montgomerie and Weatherhead 1988), and reduction in the time and energy available for other essential activities. Protected associates sometimes also pay costs when their aggressive associate kills them or their young, or when they are forced to abandon their territory (Ebbinge and Spaans 2002). Although descriptive studies on protective nesting associations are fairly extensive (Blomqvist and Elander 1988; Post and Seals 1993; van Kleef et al. 2007), experimental tests are urgently needed to determine the fitness costs and benefits to species involved in positive behavioural interactions (Haemig 2001; Quinn and Ueta 2008).
Risk of predation has played a central role in the evolution of avian life strategies (Conway and Martin 2000). Animals, trying to minimise the risk of predation, use a variety of behavioural adaptations (Regelmann and Curio 1983; Quinn and Ueta 2008). Nest predation is one of the most important factors limiting reproductive success, and antipredator behaviour can significantly reduce the loss of avian broods (Grim 2008). The main factors affecting the nest defence intensity are: sex of parents (Požgayová et al. 2009), potential for renesting (Hogstad 2005), value of nestlings (Pavel and Bureš 2001), age and parental experience (Stenhouse et al. 2005), the group effect in mobbing (Pavel and Bureš 2001; Grim 2008), predator distance and type (Klvaňová et al. 2011) and nest construction and concealment (Kryštofková et al. 2011). However, the ways in which birds assess the risk of nest predation in unclear, and we have poor knowledge regarding how nest defence interacts with other aspects of decision-making by parents (Lima 2009), especially in the context of the creation of protective nesting associations. According to predictions of the dynamic risk assessment hypothesis (Kleindorfer et al. 2005), for mobbing birds, it is essential to assess the imminent risk and adjust their investment in antipredator behaviour.
Investigations of parental investment strategies are typically conducted on a single species, whereas comparisons between species are rare (Ghalambor and Martin 2000). Here I experimentally test for differences in antipredator behaviour between two sympatric passerines: the barred warbler Sylvia nisoria and the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio. Many researchers have described the association between these two avian species (Nankinov and Darakchiev 1979; Neuschulz 1981, 1988), but some authors suggest that this is an apparent relationship resulting from similar habitat preference (Gotzman 1965; Kuźniak et al. 2001). It is possible that one or two associate species benefit directly from protection afforded by the other associate because the latter forms a protective umbrella around its own nest. Barred warbler as the biggest sylviid warbler in central Europe is not afraid to nest in the neighbourhood of red-backed shrike. In addition, both species share the same predators (Neuschulz 1988; Goławski 2007). In this study, I compare barred warbler and red-backed shrike nest defence behaviour towards a stuffed model of the hooded crow Corvus cornix and as a control—a stuffed model of the green woodpecker Picus viridis. Red-backed shrikes are heavier than barred warblers (25–36.5 versus 21.5–32.0 g, respectively; Cramp 1992; Kuźniak and Tryjanowski 2003; Tøttrup et al. 2011) and dominate in aggressive interactions between the two species (Polak M., unpublished data). Moreover, shrikes are raptorial passerines and have a thick, hooked beak and strong legs (Cramp 1992). In this context red-backed shrike should be the protective associate, and barred warbler as a protected associate would show less aggressive response toward a predator and would "parasitize" for the shrike's mobbing reaction. In contrary to this, recent study indicated that red-backed shrike had higher breeding success while breeding close to barred warbler territories (Goławski 2007). It was supposed that close nesting of these two species reduces the risk of predation due to barred warblers that actively attack predators (Cramp 1992). Moreover, according to recent research (Stenhouse et al. 2005; Grim 2008; Welbergen and Davies 2011), I also expected that shrikes and warblers would be able to discriminate between predators and harmless animals and that nest defence intensity should be higher in males than females (Pavel and Bureš 2001; Klvaňová et al. 2011; Kryštofková et al. 2011). This research focusses on the following detailed questions: (1) Which of these two species exhibits more intense antipredator behaviour? (2) Whether the distance between the focal nest and associate (both conspecific and heterospecific) could affect the decision of the birds to join mobbing of a predator at a neighbouring nest. (3) Whether they are able to distinguish between predators and a non-predatory species. (4) Are there differences between sexes in their defensive effort? (5) Whether some features of offspring (brood size, brood age and laying date) may affect the intensity of nest defence behaviour.
Materials and methods
The field experiment examined whether the type of decoy affected the behavioural response of warblers and shrikes, by comparing their reaction to a known predator and a non-predatory species. The study was carried out in a research area located in Lublin Region near Stężyca at middle Vistula River valley (central Poland, N 51°34′; E 21°48′). The study plot is located in a partly used, strongly lit pasture, which because of limited grazing, in the last few years has undergone intense vegetation succession. A dry meadow with hawthorn Crataegus sp. thickets dominates the landscape. Since 2009, I have studied and monitored the populations of barred warblers and red-backed shrikes breeding in this area. The density of shrikes varied from 3.4 to 4.5 pairs (territories)/10 ha, and of warblers varied between 2.2 and 3.2 pairs (territories)/10 ha (Polak 2012). All active nests were visited at least once a week from May to July to collect data on breeding parameters. To reduce the impact of nest visits on predation risk, the number of controls was reduced to a minimum, especially in the incubation stage. Laying and hatching dates were directly observed or derived from chick measurements (Kuźniak and Tryjanowski 2003; Polak M., unpublished data). The behavioural tests were conducted in June and July of 2010 and 2011. To measure aggression against a nest predator, I presented a stuffed hooded crow. Hooded crow is one of the most important predators of broods of the studied species on the study plot, and its presence strongly affects the behaviour and breeding success of these birds (Polak M., unpublished data). To test predator discrimination, a stuffed model of a green woodpecker was included. Both breeding hooded crows and green woodpeckers were present at the study plot. All but three tested barred warblers were not colour-ringed; I cannot rule out a possibility of testing the same individuals repeatedly in the second breeding season, but I consider it as unlikely since I worked each season in different parts of the study plot. Moreover, it was found that barred warbler and red-backed shrike populations in Central Europe have low breeding philopatry (Neuschulz 1988; Tryjanowski et al. 2007). The decoys were placed in a natural perching posture, without using any luring mechanism (such as playback or movement). All tests were performed in an area with low vegetation height so that they were easily detectable by birds. The presentation of the two different model species was randomized. The location of models in relation to nests was the same in the two treatments. I presented the two models (predator and control) to parents of 16 red-backed shrike and 13 barred warbler nests. All experiments took place within the nestling period. The trials were undertaken at different times of the day from morning to evening in calm and dry weather.
Before conducting the experiments, I measured nearby trunks and branches, which allowed me to accurately determine the bird's approach distances. The models were mounted on a stick at the same height of 1.2 m above the ground. They were placed at the same distance of 5 m from the two species' nests, because nest defence is well known to decrease in intensity with distance from the brood (Kryštofková et al. 2011). The decoys were installed when no bird was nearby to minimise any potential disturbance effects. During each session, the behaviour of birds was noted by a single researcher. I observed and evaluated the behaviour of the adult shrikes and warblers from a hiding place. Both parents were recorded at the same time. Each trial consisted of 30 min of continuous focal sampling of behaviour. During the experimental tests I paid special attention and monitored neighbours who may have assisted the nest owners. Generally, the nest defence behaviour of each bird was measured using three different variables: aggression score, length of alarm reaction and minimum distance to the model. The aggression score was categorized separately for males and females on a scale from 0 to 7. The rank values of mobbing behaviour were assigned according to its increasing degree of risk: 0, no response to the model; 1, bird mobs from a distance of at least 10 m without alarm calls; 2, calling bird from a distance of at least 10 m; 3, no alarm calls, bird mobs from a distance of up to 10 m; 4, calling bird close to the model (<10 m), but does not fly in the direction of the model; 5, bird mobs intensively and flies to the model, but does not attack; 6, bird attacks decoy, but without contact; 7, bird attacks model with contact. For further analyses the most extreme aggressive response from all reactions performed by each individual during 30 min of a trial was considered. The definition of alarm reaction included repetitive alarm calling, bill clattering, tail mowing and characteristic display behaviours (Cramp 1992, 1993). Additionally, for birds responding aggressively to the models, the parental latency period (the amount of time elapsed from the time the nest was exposed to the model until the time of first mobbing reaction by a male and/or female) was measured. The exact coordinates and distances between conspecific and heterospecific nests were measured by global positioning system (GPS) receiver.
I used STATISTICA 6.0 for Windows software (2001) for data analysis. I compared the responses elicited during the double treatments of predator and non-predator models at warbler and shrike nests by using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the type of presentation and sex of parents as the independent factors and aggression score, length of alarm reaction and minimum distance to the model as dependent variables. The parental latency period between shrikes and warblers was analysed by using the t test with Bonferroni correction. To find out whether the aggression score (both sexes pooled) and joining to communal defence behaviour (as a binary variable) were influenced by different parameters, I conducted analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) with year as the categorical factor and laying date, brood size, nestling age (the age of the oldest nestling in days), conspecific distance and heterospecific distance as continuous predictors. To avoid the effect of year on the laying date, the data were standardised by the formula: 1 = the first egg date in the population in each year. The frequencies of neighbour's responses during experiments were analysed by using Fisher's exact test. Means are expressed ± standard deviation (SD), and all tests are two-tailed.
Mean (±SD) aggression score, reaction time and closest distance of male and female barred warblers and red-backed shrikes in response to the different decoy types
Type of decoy
Barred warbler
Red-backed shrike
Aggression score
3.8 ± 1.2
3.5 ± 1.6
2.1 ± 2.2
1.1 ± 2.0
1.3 ± 1.3
0.5 ± 1.2
1.4 ± 1.4
1.3 ± 1.8
Reaction time (min)
21.3 ± 8.7
9.1 ± 8.3
6.7 ± 8.9
6.5 ± 7.4
1.5 ± 1.8
0.2 ± 0.6
1.5 ± 3.3
1.4 ± 2.1
Distance (m)
4.9 ± 2.4
6.0 ± 2.1
17.4 ± 16.4
18.4 ± 20.7
14.8 ± 10.6
9.6 ± 10.4
8.3 ± 7.5
8.0 ± 7.7
Number of mobs attended by neighbouring barred warblers and red-backed shrikes during sessions with crow model
Experimental trials/species
Barred warbler
Red-backed shrike
At barred warbler nest (n = 13)
7 (54 %)
1 (8 %)
At red-backed shrike nest (n = 16)
3 (19 %)
1 (6 %)
These two sympatric passerine birds significantly differed in their overall responses to the predator. Barred warblers defended their own territories more vigorously than red-backed shrike. Warblers reacted intensely, and the length of reaction time was significantly longer. These birds more quickly detected a threat and approached more closely to a predator model than shrikes. Moreover, barred warblers more frequently participated in communal defence involving neighbouring nesters. According to the predictions of the "calling for help" hypothesis (Pavel and Bureš 2001; Grim 2008; Krama et al. 2012), a higher defensive effort by barred warblers attracted more neighbouring birds to the defended nest. The communal nest defence in this species was also described in earlier studies (Neuschulz 1981, 1988). The results of this study are in accordance with recent research. Goławski (2007) found that the breeding success of red-backed shrikes nesting in the vicinity of warbler territories is higher than shrikes nesting alone. The author supposed that this may be due to the aggression of barred warblers towards potential predators.
Different life strategies may cause differential defensive efforts between these species (Blanco and Tella 1997; Ghalambor and Martin 2000). Avian species that live a long time maximise their life reproductive success and are therefore not willing to take a high risk in defence of the brood in a particular breeding season, because the loss of a brood can be compensated for in future years (Pavel and Bureš 2001; Ebbinge and Spaans 2002; Mönkkönen et al. 2007). However, the available data suggest that warblers and shrikes have similar lifespans (http://www.euring.org), and this factor is unlikely to have a significant impact on the observed pattern. The more possible explanation of asymmetry in antipredatory behaviours between warblers and shrikes may be due to interspecific differences in the possibility to repeat a lost brood during one breeding period (Halupka and Halupka 1997; Hogstad 2005; Klvaňová et al. 2011). Both species are long-distance and intercontinental migrants who spend only a small part of their annual life cycle at the breeding areas (Cramp 1992, 1993; Tøttrup et al. 2011). At the beginning of the autumn migration, warblers leave the nest sites more quickly than shrikes (Dyrcz et al. 1991; Tomiałojć and Stawarczyk 2003). Therefore, the reproductive window of barred warblers is extremely short, and it is likely that their renesting potential is lower throughout the season and that their current breeding attempt is of maximum value from the start. In the study population, from all broods of warblers only 3 % of all broods were repeated, but in the case of shrikes the proportion was much higher and amounted to 15 % (Polak M., unpublished data). Moreover, in the studied population red-backed shrikes had significantly higher reproductive success in repeated broods than in the primary broods. Lack of or limited opportunities to repeat clutches in warblers could cause increased parental investment in their current brood (Halupka and Halupka 1997; Pavel and Bureš 2001; Hollander et al. 2008).
According to predictions of the dynamic risk assessment hypothesis (Kleindorfer et al. 2005), for mobbing birds, it is essential to assess the imminent risk and distinguish between predators and harmless animals. These findings provide evidence that these birds were able to distinguish between a predator and non-predatory species. There is growing evidence that various bird species are able to discriminate between predators and harmless animals (Hogstad 2005; Stenhouse et al. 2005; Grim 2008; Welbergen and Davies 2011). Discrimination among different types of intruders seems to be advantageous for individuals, because this enables unnecessary aggressive interactions to be reduced in order to minimise the energy costs of defence during the breeding period (Hogstad 2004; Kryštofková et al. 2011).
Barred warblers and red-backed shrikes showed considerable variation in their response. Some breeding pairs were very aggressive and quickly reacted to the predator model, while others demonstrated neutrality towards a decoy. Here, the presented experimental tests showed that differences in mobbing behaviour between the birds were not dependent on the number and age of offspring. Recent studies indicate that age and personality of birds are the most important factors influencing the involvement and intensity of brood defence against predators (Halupka and Halupka 1997; Stenhouse et al. 2005; Hollander et al. 2008; Kryštofková et al. 2011). Unfortunately, in these studies the experience and personality of individuals were not investigated further.
The contributions to defensive effort are likely to be unequally divided between males and females because of differences in their size, condition and parental investment (Požgayová et al. 2009). Here, the presented experimental tests indicate no differences between the sexes in defensive behaviour in red-backed shrike. Similarly, Tryjanowski and Goławski (2004) also found no gender differences in antipredatory response in this species. By contrast, barred warbler male was more involved in nest defence. Male warblers reacted particularly much longer than females. Possibly, male level of aggression during the nestling phase may be higher in barred warbler than in red-backed shrike due to the heterospecific differences in allocation of parental investment (Cramp 1992, 1993). Moreover, barred warbler males have well-spaced barring on underparts, and recently new evidence has been collected that underpart barring in bird plumage may have warning functions and can help in effective deterrence of intruders (Welbergen and Davies 2011). Most authors demonstrated higher intensity of mobbing in nest defence in males than in females in various bird species (Regelmann and Curio 1986; Pavel and Bureš 2001; Klvaňová et al. 2011; Kryštofková et al. 2011). First, antipredatory response may be a part of self-advertisement and evidence of male quality (Hogstad 2005; Klvaňová et al. 2011). The difference between male and female nest defence in birds can be explained by several possible explanations, including confidence of parenthood, life-history characteristics, level of testosterone, perception of risk, renesting potential and parental investments (Montgomerie and Weatherhead 1988; Cawthorn et al. 1998).
We have poor knowledge concerning the true nature of the relationship between barred warbler and red-backed shrike. However, the experimental results presented here, together with previous observations (Neuschulz 1988; Tryjanowski and Goławski 2004; Goławski 2007), show that both passerines, especially warblers, quickly detected and intensively responded to predators. They are able to jointly protect their territory against intruders. In both species, the birds engaged in the defence of broods belonging to both conspecifics and the associate species. In this way they should obtain the reciprocal benefit of nesting in close proximity (Clark and Robertson 1979; Richardson and Bolen 1999; Haemig 2001).
All experimental procedures were approved by the Local Ethic Committee in Lublin. The study was supported by Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin (grant of Vice-Rector for Research and International Cooperation nr. BW-01-1200-01-10). I warmly thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments on the manuscript, and Wojciech Czarniawski from Department of Zoology UMCS for lending the stuffed models.
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Citizen rebuts prior letter on Tunica Cut-off
This letter is in response to the letter submitted in the Tunica Times by Mrs. Suzette Davidson. Mrs. Davidson, help me to understand why you don't understand the meaning of double standards. Seeing that you co-signed everything I wrote, what is it that you're really rebutting? And yes, not only am I downright...offended at the way Tunica County is governed and rightfully so. And whether it was $16,000 or $30,200 dollars, you still received monetary aid and help whether from the county and government organizations. Plus in a timely fashion. It was not the county's responsibility to pay for your cleanup when you all hired professional contractors with proper machinery and heavy equipment to do it. I didn't see them take one shred of debris over to the landfill. Instead they dumped it over on the county side of the levee. And yes, the chairman of the board initiated it, and other board members followed his lead.
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Ayyyyyyy!!!!!!!!!!!!!BD this is my first one-shot. In case you don't know what vitriol means, it's like another word for oomph. You know give it some oomph give it some power. Yeah after you read this open lime wire and download vitriol by blue juice. Friggin best song ever.
Disclaimer: I do not own avatar the last airbender, the song vitriol by blue juice, or the quote out of family guy.
Katara grabbed Aang's shoulder just before he was about to go into the fire lords war chamber, "Aang! Before you go in there, I just want to say, good luck, and don't you dare give up! You know, give it a little bit of vitriol!"
"Thanks Katara. If… if I die… I want you to love again Katara. Find some one else who will be kind and take care of you and your children. All I ask is, don't forget me."
"Aang, don't talk like that! Of course you will come back out! Common, he's an old man and your half spirit! Just remember that I always love you, and you will always be in my heart."
"Okay Katara, I will remember that." Aang opened his glider and flew off into the cool night air.
"I love you Aang…" Katara whispered before Aang faded away into the darkness.
Aang blew down the big metal door with a gust of wind to find the fire lord, clad in all red, standing in the middle of the room.
"I'm surprised Ozai, no guards for you to hide behind? How honourable." Said Aang.
"Bah! You think I need to hide behind guards? You're just a child! How could you possibly defeat me?"
"By remembering my training in earth, water, fire and air!" yelled the avatar.
The fire lord rolled his eyes and then started dancing around the room and mocking Aang, "Ooo i'm so scared! You have the power of all the elements! What am I going to do? The big bad avatar has come to my doorstep to kill me! Ahh! Mummy help me!"
Aang had had enough. He launched a massive fireball straight at Ozai's head. He saw it coming at the last second and ducked.
The fire lord looked at him and smiled, "Ha, you missed." Ozai jumped into the air and shot an amazingly bright bolt of cold fire straight at Aang.
The bald monk took a stance, and using the trick Iroh had taught him, re directed the lightning straight back at the grinning fire lord. Ozai dodged right and looked stunned. "That's a nice trick! Did you make it up yourself?"
Aang smirked, "No, your brother did!"
"Who, Iroh? Did he also teach you the joys of tea and pi sho?"
"Yes, actually, he did." Aang dived underground and emerged behind the shocked man. The not-so-little little avatar had covered in earthen wear armour. He was about to uppercut Ozai but at the last possible moment Ozai ducked and twirled much like that guy who dodged the platypus bear in the fortune teller. He threw a fairly large amount of blue flame at Aang, ripping up all his earth armour and sending him flying backwards, and landing face first, knocking the wind out of him. Ozai came charging and blasted another stream of azure fire at Aang, getting a direct hit.
The little blue arrowed boy had never felt so much pain in his life, and as a result he just lay there in complete pain induced shock. Ozai wondered if he should wait for his opponent to get up and fight, but he figured there was no one watching so he could hit Aang while he was down.
The man in red started to split the energy he needed to create lightning, but Aang recovered and did a backwards mule kick that hit Ozai directly in the solar plexus. He staggered back but quickly recovered.
"That the best you got? I'm sorry but you're going to have to do a lot better than that to defeat me!" Ozai jumped high into the air. He threw lots of fireballs down at the area Aang was in before plummeting to the ground with fire at his front like a comet. It had much the same effect to. Ozai landed right next to Aang, sending him flying 30 feet in the air. Ozai emerged from the smoking crater he had created from impact to see Aang once again lying on the ground, and he appeared to be out of consciousness.
"Ha ha, not much of a fight! I thought you would have been training twice as hard seem though you failed the invasion on the solar eclipse! Oh well, at least now I can resume taking over the world! All I need to do is finish you off!" Ozai advanced upon the still boy and once again started to separate the positive and negative energy.
Aang suddenly heard Katara's voice saying, "Aang, Aang! Don't you dare give up! Give it a little bit of vitriol!" so he did.
The fire lord was about to shoot his deadly weapon but before he could Aang turned around and said, "Hey! Hey, hey, hey, hey , hey, hey! Hey, hey, hey, stop it. Alright? Stop it. Ok. Stop it. Good. Alright. Stop it."
"What!? Why would I possibly stop beating you to a senseless pulp?" asked a confused Ozai.
"Uhh… so I can do this!" Aang suddenly did a blazing kick that caught Ozai in the chin, making him fall backwards. The fire lord quickly got up, only to be met with the end of a staff. And then he met the staff again. And again. And again. And again. And again. And after about 10 meetings with the staff Ozai fell over, not quite unconscious but not entirely awake either. Aang sent a blast of wind at Ozai, sending him smashing against a pillar. The airbender was hot on his trail.
"This is for all the pain and suffering you have caused every one!" Aang summoned a massive boulder and sent it straight at Ozai's head. He screamed in agony. "This is for the Airbenders!" Aang sliced off Ozai's left arm with curve of air sharpened to a point. Blood sprayed every where. "This is for Katara and sokka's mom!" Aang gathered the water in the air, made it into a very pointy icicle, and impaled it into Ozai's right arm. He writhed in pain. "And this, this is because I don't like you!" Aang gathered all the fire he could and blasted it right into Ozai's face. By The end of all this, Ozai looked like a bloody burnt and battered corpse. Probably because that's exactly what he was.
Aang fell to the floor from exhaustion. A short time later, Katara burst through the broken down door and ran over to Aang as fast as her legs would take her. She leaned down next to the savoir of the world and shook him awake. "Aang! Aang! Aang wake up!"
Aang slowly opened his eyes. "Katara?"
"Yes Aang, it's me. What happened here?"
"I took head to your words."
"You did?"
"Yeah. I gave it a little bit of vitriol."
so waddidya think? Okay cool. Now go download that song and check out ym other story entitled, The Elemental Hawk. It's a comedy/romance/adventure/ some other thing that is cool. But first please review please!


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All reader reviews by Reedy
PJ's Bar & Grill (Chelsea)
We booked this place for a Christmas party, spent a fortune. Rude service, cold food with a grab your money and run attitude. My advise stay well clear and go to an owner opererated restaurant where the chef cares about the service and the food that come out the kitchen. Put it this way they told us to get lost as soon as they wanted the table back and they have a doorman for a reason - to stop people complaining!
Friday, December 15, 2006
Overall rating
Food 2 | Service 1 | Atmosphere 1 | Value for money 0


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Shimano XT shifter SL-M8000 I-Spec II for 2- / 3-speed front derailleur
The Shimano XT shifter solve with its precise mechanism of fast gear changes. Years of experience on the part of Shimano brings a balance of small operating forces at the same time pronounced feedback lever - an interconnection is hardly possible.
The levers offer a 11-gradation and are only available with 11-speed Dyna-SYS11 derailleurs compatible.
The SL-M8000 I-Spec II shift lever is mounted on the bracket of the brake lever on the handlebar. Using the I-Spec II bracket the cockpit of the wheel is not only visually pimped, another benefit is the lower total weight (shifter / brake levers) compared to the variant with clamp.
- By I-Spec II lower weight
- Open cockpit
- Shift lever sideways and tilt adjustment
Attention! Shimano I-Spec II was updated in 2015 and is not compatible with the predecessors!
Deore, SLX, XT, XTR up to and including model year 2014 I-Spec I. (Variant A or B)
Brake lever and shift lever can be combined only with the same version number.
Technical specifications:
Model: 2/3-speed (adjustable), for front derailleur
I-Spec: 2015 (I-Spec II)
Position: Left
Technology: Dyna-SYS11, Instant Release, Multi Release, 2-Way Release
Gear Display: no
Color: black, silver logo
Weight: 121g
Delivery: Rocker left 2/3-speed, including gear cable and sheath
Note: Only compatible with I-Spec II levers!


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A family home: convenient, comfy, and designed for the whole family
We are a short walk from two leafy parks. One of the parks is at the top of a hill - Telegraph Hill - from which there are stunning views of the London Skyline. Our local parade of shops by Nunhead Green, includes delicatessens, trendy cafés, a very high quality fishmongers and a bar selling locally-brewed beers.
Often at weekends we take a short bus ride - 15 minutes - to the beautiful Royal Greenwich Park. Having visited the Maritime Museum and Cutty Sark, we then take a boat down the River Thames, past Canary Wharf, under Tower Bridge, to The South Bank and Tate Modern. And, when it's time to go home, we catch a train from London Blackfriars - next door to Tate Modern - to Nunhead Station (25 minutes), a short walk to our street door.
To organize a home exchange, you need to be a member


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Overall Review:
3 out of 5.
Peenuts is a formula for prostate health that claims to be endorsed by cancer doctors, urologists, and family doctors. It contains many herbs and vitamins that are thought to help ease some of the symptoms related to enlarged prostates as well as prevent the chance of acquiring prostate cancer.
Like most supplements of this nature, Saw Palmetto makes its way onto the ingredient list. It has been tied to helping the free flow of urine, occasionally ending urinary retention. Another way that it is thought to help with prostate problems is by addressing nighttime urination. This is when a man feels the urge to go to the bathroom during normal sleep patterns. This can become very difficult for a man, as getting enough sleep is important for both the body and the mind. It can lead to stress and anxiety and depression.
Some studies have suggested that taking a Vitamin B6 supplement every day may help to prevent the chances of getting prostate cancer. Peenuts contains 1,000% of the recommended Daily Value of this important vitamin. Users must use caution to not overdo the Vitamin B6 intake, which may happen if already taking a multivitamin.
133% of the recommended Daily Value of zinc is also in this formula. Since the prostate contains a large amount off zinc already, it is thought that men can supplement their diets with zinc, it may help to prevent future problems from occurring.
Users are directed to take two or three pills each day, preferably with food and with a full glass of water.
– may help with nighttime urination
– may help to prevent prostate cancer
– may interfere with multivitamins
– requires some dedication
Ingredients (+ Daily Value %):
– Vitamin C (33%)
– Vitamin E (167%)
– Vitamin B6 (1,000%)
– Zinc (133%)
– Selenium (143%)
– Glycine
– L-Alanine
– Glutamic Acid
– Saw Palmetto
– Pygeum Extract
– Pumpkin Seed
– Stinging Nettle Root
– Echinacea Purpurea
– Garlic
– Ginkgo Biloba
Please contact us if this information is incorrect.
Clinical Studies:
Please feel free to share your comments or leave your own review on Peenuts below.
One Response to "Peenuts"
Benjamin H
10. Apr, 2016
I can tell a very distinct physical difference after taking the product for 2 weeks. I have taken this product off and on for the last several years. The discomfort experienced when off of the product occurs within about 3 – 6 months. Ordering the product again today in fact.


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Normally I'm the one driving which makes it difficult to scope out new spots to stop & eat at. Luckily, Chunktronics was driving which meant I could sit back and enjoy the ride around Westchester. Then all of sudden I … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Mexican
You like Taco Rico and live in beautiful Westchester you say? You're in luck cause their new spot is across the street from Tropical Park at 7921 SW 40 Street. The 5th Taco Rico location (after Coral Gables, Doral, Miami … Continue reading
HuaHua's Taqueria opened up in a little spot not too far from Shake Shack (how I gauge distance in SoBe) with about 4 counter seats and a few tables (with seats duh) outside. I got there as the people in … Continue reading
Folks are always talking about the lack of "Authentic" Mexican restaurants in South Florida but they must be looking in the wrong places. I seem to run into them all over the place. Even the bad authentic places are better … Continue reading
Last year when the Food Network was in Miami filming the Great Food Truck Race at Miami Lakes Auto Mall, Yayo had just gotten his food truck and was about to make his way up to Nashville. The picture above … Continue reading
You know what's really good? The tamale at Taqueria El Mexicano in Little Havana. I love tamales but seem to have trouble finding exceptional ones. I waltzed into Taqueria El Mexicano looking to enjoy a Cochinita Pibil Taco and left … Continue reading
Chef Mike Saperstein walks us through how Chicharrones are made at El Jefe Luchador: To try one: El Jefe Luchador 27 South Federal Hwy Deerfield Beach, FL 33441 954-246-5333 … Continue reading
We were driving in the Orlando area and decided to see where the road would take us. After a bit of this lunacy I was so thirsty. We walked into this mini convenience store and there they were, Mexican Coke … Continue reading
When Mike Saperstein and Evan David (owners of one of South Florida's best Burger joints Charm City Burger Company) announced El Jefe Luchador earlier this year I was ecstatic for a couple of reasons. Over the course of the last … Continue reading
Madre's is located in Downtown St. Augustine. It caught my eye as my wife Marcela and I were walking around checking the shops. It stood out amongst the other food chain type of establishments around. Its food is Mexican by … Continue reading


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text:
Climate Talks in Tianjin Put Spotlight on China
BEIJING—The first round of international climate talks hosted by China highlights the biggest energy consumer's struggle to expand its role in global-warming policy while shining a spotlight on the country's ambitions and shortcomings in clean energy.
Few analysts or participants expect groundbreaking developments from this week's talks, set to begin Monday in the northeastern Chinese port city of Tianjin.
But they are seen...


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Chapter 42: InevitabilityMature
Narrator: Crystal Jennings
"I was-n't looking for it," they had sung. "I was-n't ready for the rii-iide..."
And CJ continued to sing along with the CD, struggling to stay in tune as I kissed my way across his neck.
"I was stum-bl-ing,
But you were knockin' on my doo-or.
I tried but I could not igno-ore,
Your soft ey-y-y-es."
As he sung those words, he nudged me face away with his head so that he could look into my eyes. But I was looking down at the smile he was taking a breath through.
"You-ou had me wrapped around this feeling
That just felt so ri-ight!"
He winked. I blushed.
"You're such a wonderful surprise,
I couldn't plan it if I tri-ied.
You turn the darkest days to light.
Like a morning sun, you're such a won-der-ful surpriiise!"
I could tell that he was trying his best to blend his voice in with the artist's, so it seemed like only one person. He just kept grinning between the chorus and verse, so I moved in to kiss his chest as my fingers worked away at his neck.
"I don't think you can do any wrong.
You're like the hook in my favorite song.
I wanna sing you..."
Could I have chosen a better song from the random selection on his disc? I wondered. Hmm... well, I'll have more than enough time to borrow it.
"You're in my hea-eart, you're on my mind.
You pick me up at the lowest tii-i-imes... in my liiife...
Ev-ery-thing hap-pens for a reason, and now I see why-y-y!"
I was pretty damn confident that CJ wasn't the kind of guy that'd pull a one night stand on me, and I that was the last thing I needed, the worst that could happen, after things fell apart with Greg. But I afforded no time to think about Greg at a time like this.
"You're such a wonderful surprise,
I couldn't plan it if I tri-ied.
You turn the darkest days to light.
Like a morning sun, you're such a won-der-ful surpriiise!"
CJ wasn't a perfect singer, but it was a lot better than what I was used to. I'd never shared a moment like this with someone before.
"You make me everything rii-iight.
You took me by surpri-ii-ise... at the perfect tiime...."
"The rest is just the chorus repeating," he whispered. "Have you caught the words by now?"
I nodded, but I didn't join in immediately. I was overwhelmed, and the moment was too intense.
"You're such a wonderful surprise,
I couldn't plan it if I tri-ied.
You turn the darkest days to light.
Like a morning sun, you're such a won-der-ful surprii-ii-iiise!
I couldn't plan it if I tried.
You turn the darkest days to light.
Like a morning sun, you're such a won-der-ful surprii-ii-iiise!
I couldn't plan it if I tri-ied.
You turn the darkest days to light...
Like a morning sun, you're such a wonderful surprise..."
Just before the last phrase, I assumed it was over and so I locked lips with him as the CD sang it again with less enthusiam but a definite tone of finality in the artist's voice.
"Like a morning sun, you're such a won-der-ful surpriisse."
It was a long kiss. With one hand, I turned down the volume on the stereo without looking, then returned it to the side of his head. His mouth was wetter than mine, as if he had delicious food in front of him that he couldn't eat. And again, I got a good smell of him. His scent. His sweat. His skin. It was flinty, almost like Greg smelled, but somehow more exotic as if his diet had saturated him with more spices than the average male Caucasian. It was enticing in a new and exciting way.
For a moment, I was remembering a time when I saw CJ almost daily, and he sat in the cafeteria of our middle-of-nowhere school and ate takeout from an Ethiopian restaurant. It was the most interesting stuff, and the smell of the red lentils wrapped in the spongy flatbread was overwhelming after he'd microwaved it. He offered to share, and only Ashley and Greg were brave enough. Greg couldn't finish chewing, too spicy, and I had to give him my milk to clear the oils from his mouth. Ashley had remained unfazed.
I came out of my reverie when a hand that wasn't mine pushed my face off his.
He grinned crookedly, "Got one loose."
Then he grabbed me firmly by the neck with his left hand and pushed my face into his. This time, he kissed me far more aggressively, trying to explore and invade every corner of my mouth with a quick passion that was in direct contrast to the gentle osculating we'd shared just seconds earlier.
Then, he was twisting his one cuffed arm uncomfortably so that he could push against me. He managed to get enough distance from the chair to push me against the dashboard. Curse his lanky frame!
Through his jeans and my dress, I could feel his erect penis rub once against my inner thigh. I had the urge to move my leg back and forth against it, but I knew that wasn't what he wanted. At least, not yet.
I struggled to push my tongue past his and not laugh at how the tables had turned. I couldn't tell which had thrilled me more. Perhaps the transition. Wet and fighting back, I felt naughty in an empowering way.
On the other side of my leg, I felt his hand groping my leg. I hiked it up over his back, and then realized I could have used it to kick him off me so that I could regain my dominance over him. However, his apparent groping proved to actually be a pocket check. His hand moved across my chest and into the pocket of my dress that he hadn't checked.
Damn it!
He pulled the key out, to my chagrin. I bit angrily at his left bicep as he struggled to pull away from me and undo the other cuff. However, I now had him clamped against me with both legs. The roof was too low, and he was too tall, for him to maneuver out of my grasp, especially since he was restrained.
Now, we were both laughing. We couldn't help it. The situation was just too absurd. And so, when I calmed myself and he gave up trying to reach the lock, I said, "I think we should go inside now."
"Yeah," Cameron said. "I'd rather not attempt to act out my thoughts." But I could tell from his tone and his expression that part of him was lying. Then, he bore a look of apprehension as I let go.
"What's wrong?" I asked.
"Nothing," he told me. "It's just inevitable, I guess."
"What's inevitable?"
He laughed, "Regardless of whether we go inside or stay here."
I realized then that he was talking about the dirty thoughts that had crossed his mind. He seemed both eager and regretful at once, and it confused me. What's more, I was torn between letting him off the hook or not. But I knew it was something I needed. I was tired of living in the dark.
It was... just... inevitable. I guess.


text:
Colinscleaningservice.com is a 1 year old domain, situated in United States. The domain is linked to the IP address 188.8.131.52 which is provided by the hosting company Go Daddy.
It was registered by Colin Apparicio . Registration details show that it was registered on 09 Jan 2016 through Go Daddy and will expire on 09 Jan 2018.
The site returns a status code of 200. It is being generated using WordPress 4.7.5.


text:
Alyce Paris
Strapless Short Satin Prom Dress Alyce Paris 3355
Alyce Paris prom dress 3355. Lovely and layered satin faced faille party gown with square strapless neckline with rosette accent. Full layered and tiered ruffle skirt, mini length. Shown in Scarlet red. Authentic, new, with original designer tags. Lined. Dry Clean. Imported.
Sizing: SIZE 0: 32 inch bust, 24 inch waist, 36 inch hips
- Authentic Alyce Paris Dress - Style: 3355
- Must use brand specific sizing in description
- Natural Waist; Mid Back
- Short A-Line Tiered Skirt; Satin


text:
Description Usage Format Source Examples
Data generated using a model and assuming some variability.
A data frame with 8 observations on the following 2 variables.
a numeric vector containing time points
a numeric vector containing parent concentrations in percent of applied radioactivity
FOCUS (2006) "Guidance Document on Estimating Persistence and Degradation Kinetics from Environmental Fate Studies on Pesticides in EU Registration" Report of the FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics, EC Document Reference Sanco/10058/2005 version 2.0, 434 pp, http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dk
Questions? Problems? Suggestions? Tweet to @rdrrHQ or email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please suggest features or report bugs in the GitHub issue tracker.
All documentation is copyright its authors; we didn't write any of that.
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 22.214.171.124
Forum Moderators: Robert Charlton & andy langton & goodroi
Now, when I look in Google's webmaster tools under web crawl, I am seeing 365 urls not found, all returning a 404 response. All of the urls are from the forum.
The site in question is put together well and ranks very high for some competitive keywords. My fear is google will see all these urls not found and penalize the site.
Should I remove each and every url with google's url removal tool? Or, will google just stop looking for the urls after a period of time? Should I even be concerned about this?
I appreciate any help.


text:
We would love to have you as our partner!
Whether you own an online ordering site, develop the software restaurants use, have businesses that deliver as customers, or are simply a Bringg enthusiast, we would love to have you as our partner!
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Leave The Competition Behind!
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Make Money!
Refer customers to Bringg and receive a revenue share from us.


text:
Report summaryOn 9 October, senior analysts from Wood Mackenzie's European power and global thermal coal teams presented the latest views and insights on thermal coal's role in the European power sector and wider global market.
What's included?
This report includes 1 file(s)
- WM Coal Power Breakfast Briefing London 9 Oct 2014.pdf PDF - 2.74 MB 51 Pages, 0 Tables, 0 Figures


text:
It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the website.
This step is optional but will dramatically enhance your chances of getting interest from other over 50s members on the site. Tell people about yourself, your interests and attach any nice photographs of yourself.
Utilise our website's sophisticated search to find over 50s members who satisfy your criteria. Or just flip through listings and find singles that you find attractive.
Found someone who looks appealing? Send them a word or two or just a wink and wait for their response. With a little luck you'll be on your way to a lifetime of happiness.
You won't regret it


text:
Find Hotels in Bertioga
Bertioga Hotels & Accommodation
Browse through the list of Bertioga hotels to find the right hotel at a great price. Each hotel in Bertioga has many photos, reviews and a map of its location in Bertioga to make sure you get the most out of your stay. Booking your hotel in Bertioga couldn't be simpler. Just find a hotel, check the rates and proceed to the checkout. We'll have you enjoying your Bertioga hotel in no time. Quick, easy and secure.


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A recent piece in the New York Times highlighted statistics that suggest majors in religion and philosophy will make significantly less their first year after graduation if it is during a recession. Here is the chart from the article: While in a sense this is not surprising, it is also worth highlighting that university graduates [Read More…]
Religion and Recession
Donut Philosophy
SOURCE [Read more…]
The Machine
Existential comics has a nice comic strip dealing with the philosophical issues related to teleportation and imaginary technology like the transporter on Star Trek. Click through to read the rest. [Read more…]
Could the Problem of Evil Become a Thing of the Past?
Students in one of my classes wrote about the problem of evil this semester, and some chose to do their final paper on that topic. For many of them, the problem of evil seems to be something simple. Sure, there may be suffering, but all the joys and pleasures of life make up for them. [Read More…]
Harry Plato
Tom Bolin shared a link on Facebook to a Tumblr page with this observation: DISCOVERY: that the addition of "Harry" to almost any Plato quote makes it seem legitimately like a nugget of wisdom out of the mouth of Albus Dumbledore. "Death is not the worst that can happen to men, Harry." "Harry, good actions [Read More…]
Engineers vs. Philosophers
My religion and science fiction class will be discussing clones next time. If this SMBC comic is anything to go by, it shouldn't take too long… [Read more…]
Fast Times at Butler University
One of the students in my First Year Seminar course, "Faith, Doubt, and Reason," is also a blogger and is blogging about the class! The blog is called "Fast Times at Butler University" and here is link to a post about the most recent class meeting (which I mentioned in my last post): "Objective Morality [Read More…]
This came my way today via Facebook: How would you say "That's boring" in your field of expertise? (To see the range of ways this is said in my field, just have a look at the recent reviews of Reza Aslan's book Zealot…) [Read more…]
Jedi Philosophical Conundrum
Even imaginary philosophies and religions have trouble avoiding all contradictions. HT Tom Verenna on Facebook [Read more…]
Hebrews: On Earth as it is in Heaven?
I've discussed Hebrews a lot lately, since I've been working through it in my Sunday school class. A comment on a recent post got me thinking once again about an aspect of Hebrews that continues to puzzle me: How the author can speak about the Son both as a celestial reality that seems to be [Read More…]


text: I carry a G23 in .40 and also a Sig 229 .40 depending on the weather. The G23 is probably the best defensive carry pistol around for concealability, accuracy, and firepower. But if I want to punch holes in paper I get out my Beretta 92. I don't consider myself undergunned with a 9mm but the Beretta is the only 9mm I have and it's just too big and heavy for anything but service carry.


text:
Mon - Sat 9am - 8pm / Sun 12pm - 6pm 01242 547 934
Select Your Home Region
Europe, Middle East & Africa
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Australia, NZ and Southeast Asia
City Breaks to Rome
Best time to go: January to December
3 Nights | from £675pp
Book this holiday and earn approximately1 2 8 2
Holiday type: Tailor-made
Not quite what you're looking for?
Contact our specialists to help you adapt this holiday into the perfect tailor made trip
Included in your A&K Rome City Break:
- Private half day city tour with one of our expert guides
- Entrance fees to Roman Forum, Colosseum & The Palatine
- Return flights
- Private luxury transfers
- Accommodation including breakfast
Services of your dedicated A&K Concierge to book additional private tours, restaurants & spa treatments, to tailor your break to suit you
Why Rome?
Does any other city conjure up such potent images of tangible human history existing in harmonious accord with the trappings of modern society? Glamorous bars and restaurants proffering the latest incarnation of la dolce vita juxtaposed against 2,500 years of Roman history create an incomparable and intoxicating blend that has to be seen to be understood. First time visitors will understandably gravitate towards Baroque gems such as the Trevi Fountain and the Spanish Steps, the unbridled religious fervour witnessed in the Vatican, as well as the ancient Roman icons of the Colosseum and Pantheon. However, for those with a little more time, or on a return visit, the city comes to life.
See how the other half live on exclusive Via Veneto or get up close and personal with the locals in the lively Trastevere neighbourhood. People watching is a national pastime and never more entertaining than by night, in one of the Eternal City's many hot spots. Don't forget that you are in the capital city of arguably the world's best cuisine so take time to seek out some of its often well-hidden gems. Visit Pizzarium for an unforgettable slice of how it should be done, or get shoulder to shoulder in the queue at one of Rome's many excellent gelaterias.
Recommended accommodation
Rose Garden Palace
As far removed as possible from the outdated, overly stuffy brand of hotel that, for so long, was the norm for European hotels, the Rose Garden is as fresh as its name might suggest. Generous rooms, excellent food and ideal location are a given, but it's the people that will often make a place and the Rose Garden can be rightly proud of its exceptional staff who enthusiastically make it their mission to ensure you get what you came for, be it a non-stop tour of all Rome's classic sights or being pointed in the direction of the best that the city has to offer on the unashamedly glamorous Via Veneto.
Rocco Forte Hotel de Russie
In an enviable location, a short wander from the Spanish Steps and idyllic Piazza del Popolo, Rocco Forte Hotel de Russie is frequented by celebrities and Italian nobles alike - a billing it lives up to with ease. The charm, character and quirks of a more established hotel are all present here, underpinned by contemporary comfort, service and attention to detail. Be sure to allow plenty of time for breakfast which is an occasion in itself.
View the rest of our hotel collection in Rome, or contact one of our team on 01242 547 703
At A&K all of our journeys are individually tailored to suit your needs and timescale. As a guide, this four day suggested city break will cost from:
• £675 per person, staying at Rose Garden Palace
• £1,125 per person, staying at Rocco Forte Hotel de Russie
Including flights, breakfast, private transfers, half day city tour and entrances.
Prices based on two people sharing in low season and subject to availability.
Celebration Holidays
If you have birthday or anniversary coming up, or just fancy throwing one heck of a party, why not celebrate in style. Whatever the occasion, we are brimming with ideas. Find out more...
A&K Offices
Our office in Florence is managed by a local team of experienced and passionate travel professionals with an intimate knowledge of Italy, enabling them to provide clients with great insight into this fascinating destination, and ensuring a seamless experience every step of the A&K journey. With their long standing personal connections and networks they're also there to help you uncover local secrets and experiences, and to open doors to people and places normally beyond the reach of the ordinary traveller.
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Meet the Europe & Middle East Team
Our Europe & Middle East team – Sarah, Eleanor, Lynne, Rob, Aline and Sandrine are experts in designing the perfect holiday to suit your personal needs, interests and budget.3
Useful info
Best time to be there
Coastal areas and the islands are great year round, although July and August can be very hot. The arts and opera seasons are generally at their peak outside these months. August is very much a shut down month as Italians take their annual break.
Fly to
Bari, Cagliari, Catania, Milan, Pisa, Rome and Verona (British Airways), Naples and Venice (British Airways or bmi)
flying time
2 hours - 2 hours 30 minutes
time difference
GMT +1 hour


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Sierra Designs Stellar Jacket - Men's - $49.98
Whether you're trekking in the rain forest, visiting Seattle, or braving a downpour at your kids soccer game, the Sierra Designs Men's Stellar Jacket is built for the job. The Tropozone shell fabric shrugs off wet conditions and breathes so you stay dry and comfortable while underarm zips allow you to ditch some excess heat when the trail gets steep. - $49.98


text:
ED Magedson – Founder
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Sarah outletInternet China
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/22/2012 10:16 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/sarah-outlet/internet/sarah-outlet-never-received-items-stole-internet-fraud-liars-internet-972680. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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GARY McALLISTER admits he turned to jelly when he heard Gary Speed had died.
Wales boss Speed was found dead at his home yesterday, just a day after
appearing alongside former Leeds team-mate McAllister on the BBC's Football
Focus programme.
And like so many within the football world, the Scot was stunned to be told of
his good friend's apparent suicide at the age of 42.
He said: "Alan Shearer broke the news to me and it turned me to jelly.
"I couldn't believe what he was saying. It shook me to the bones, I was in
shock for most of the day.
"Twenty minutes before we went on air on Saturday, he was the normal Gary
Speed to me.
"He was very excited about the prospects of the Welsh national team and was
upbeat, looking class, immaculately presented. He was a movie star in my
"With no competitive Wales games until February we were talking about getting
some golf organised.
"There were no signs, nothing to suggest he was troubled. He looked well and
things are going well for him at the moment.
"I could never have thought that 10-12 hours after I saw him I'd be getting
that news. It's a nightmare.
"After Football Focus he was talking with Alan and they were discussing some
black tie charity event which was coming up in the near future.
"I couldn't see anything in Gary that suggested he was depressed or had any
feeling of anxiety. He was just the Gary Speed that I know."
McAllister and Speed were part of the Leeds team which lifted the First
Division title in 1992.
And McAllister admits the success they shared at Elland Road ensured a unique
bond was formed.
He added: "Sometimes you don't see each other for five or six months but there
was a unique bond and camaraderie there. The banter and craic was still
"I'm still very much in shock. We've had some friends over nothing to
do with football, mutual friends of Gary and we were all just hit so
hard by this.
"He reached everybody he was a proper man."


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As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Added 30/01/2016
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need a day- or two do some pressure washing of patio, attending to my flower bed, fixing toilet...
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John was punctual, professional and skilled. He did a great job, am very satisfied.Will keep his card in a safe place.
Really quick service. Quality work! No complaints whatsoever!
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Very useful for short notice appointment
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.


text:
The Process of Writing
I had an idea of something to write today, and as I sat to jot it down, it disappeared and I was left sitting with no idea what I was doing...
I press the pen into the paper
indents appear across the page
red ink stains the pure white
but not a word was written.
My mind turns as blank
as a freshly opened book
the words hiding in the corners
not wanting to be used.
Knuckles whiten round the pen
I sigh in deep frustrations
Close my eyes and try to breath
and slowly start to write...


text: Blockbuster, Hollywood Video, Borders bookstores, Circuit City, KB Toys. All companies that have gone bankrupt within the last three years. What do these have in common? Each stuck to an outdated strategy, failed to adapt to changing market conditions, and failed to recognize new trends. For a great example of how to avoid these mistakes, we can look at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Britannica has been publishing its printed encyclopedias for 244 years, but announced this week that no further editions will be printed. How then is this company still successful? It realized very early that its market and customers were changing, and responded accordingly. Encyclopaedia Britannica published the first digital encyclopedia in 1981, published the first online encyclopedia in 1994, and added access for mobile devices in 2000. It was willing to wind down its strategy of publishing in print as this method became obsolete, and instead focused on its mission, "not to print, but to bring scholarly knowledge to the people." Recognizing and adapting to the changing market are recurring themes in many of your business courses. Use the example of Encyclopaedia Britannica to help remember why these concepts are so important.


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All the staff was extremely helpful and friendly. The front desk staff seemed to show a genuine interest in our day or plans to come, Kelly always mentioned other ideas or have her view of ours. We will definitely be staying here again.
Location is great. Quiet and secluded, but easy walk to city center. Warm and welcoming staff. Very pleasant gathering room and garden courtyard. Guestrooms somewhat small, but comfortable. On your own for on-street metered (during weekdays) parking.
Staff We did online check in and they didn't use it
I wish that we could've made our checkout time later than 1pm.
Located across street from Civic Center. Even on 5th floor we could hear red light green light traffic all night.
We really liked the walking proximity to everything. If you walk, bring a backpack for water and stuff you buy. The staff was Southern hospitality at it's Savannah best. The hotel was clean and they provided plenty of towels for the pool. For downtown, the rate wasn't bad. The railroad museum, a revolutionary war battlefield, and the Savannah Visitor's Center are right there. I thought there could have been a continental breakfast in there and some clarification on how/where to park would be nice. If you don't do the $18 for valet, then you'll pay about $5 less (a day) for the city parking garage across the street ( it does depend on what part of the week it is for what you pay). There is only one choice of pillow and that's squishy.
Very clean, spacious rooms. the staff with extremely nice and valet was very convenient. The location is perfect for river street and the other tourist spots. This was my first time staying at courtyard Marriott and I will definitely stay again.
Fairly close to the city market and river street. $5 UBER ride back and forth or about a 4 block walk. Staff was very friendly and helpful. Valet parking only, and it's $18 per day.
Good location. Lack of details. Towels are old with stains. Seems to be below Mariott standard.
old savannah tour was the best
The room was charming, spacious and nice. The bed was comfortable. Breakfast was very good and the staff excellent. If you like a hot shower...you're not getting one here. The water was warm at best. We didn't even turn on the cold side and it was still just warm. The building is old (charming) so you can hear the people above you moving around.
This old home is situated in the historic district across from Forsyth Park and is exactly as advertized. Comfortable rooms with high ceilings, nice breakfast served every morning and an evening happy hour with wine or sangria and snacks. On our first night that included a backed wheel of brie. My only complaint, which is certainly not within the control of the owners, was the 24/7 road noise out front. This is one of the few roads with straight cuts from town that do not go around the little parks/squares, and everything from motorcycles to tractor trailers use it. If you want a little more quiet, try and get a room at the rear of the house or the small cottage in the courtyard.
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
The staff was amazing. The pictures online r great, but seeing it in person was awesome. We have booked our daughter's destination wedding at the Forsyth Park Inn. I know it will be gorgeous.
The staff were amazing and very helpful. The breakfast, wine and hors d'oeuvres on the porch and the dessert buffet were such nice touches. Would definitely stay there again and highly recommend.
I loved the staff. They made my wife and I feel completely at home. Nothing.
Wonderful, friendly, helpful staff. Very nice accomodation.
The staff were all very knowledgeable and friendly. The food was excellent, the room was clean and perfect. I highly recommend Forsyth Park Inn Bed and Breakfast. They personalize your stay just to what you want. There was nothing that we did not like.
Excellent Staff and Room, No
This guest did not leave comments about this hotel.
The staff and location were absolutely amazing!!
Dwayne, Jerry and the rest of the staff were so accommodating. From the delicious breakfast to the afternoon cocktails and snacks and evening dessert it was first rate. There advise was spot on and we had a wonderful time!
The location was outstanding. The building had a beautiful historical design. The hospitality of the staff was true and made us feel very welcomed.


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Summer in a bowl. Our Farmer's Market is on Thursday afternoons, so I might head out today and choose some fat organic tomatoes, a bell pepper, and a bunch of fragrant basil to make this tomato-basil soup in a few minutes.
Southern Fattoush Salad
Since I love black-eyed peas and salads of all kinds, I was instantly drawn to this Cooking Light recipe, which blends Mediterranean and Southern U.S. ingredients. I have never made a bread salad, called panzanella in Italy, so I was interested to see how my gluten-free bread would work. One word: Yum.
Sausage and black-eyed pea hash
Spicy soy chorizo, veggies, and black-eyed peas with a zesty sauce. A Cooking Light recipe renovation, now vegan and gluten-free.


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The last sixty years have witnessed a virtual explosion of interest in how modern science and traditional Christianity intersect. This new rapprochement with science has irrevocably altered how we think of God. It constitutes a foundation from which we cannot retreat, but from which we also cannot move forward until we examine the presumptions on which it is based. For the first time, Richard Coleman interprets in a clear and meaningful way the themes and practitioners that make this rapprochement different, and what it has achieved. But this book is more than description--it is an inquiry into whether Christian theology has lost its authentic voice by its singular focus on accommodating modern science.
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Very Sparkly!
By J Louie
from near Edmonton
This pin is a pretty sparkly piece. I know those who will receive it will thoroughly enjoy wearing it! I purchased it in the gold plate!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
( 1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Beautiful Canadian-made pin
By CanadianMade
from Kanata, Ontario
What a beautiful pin! The crystals are bright and clear and the plating is of great quality. It will be noticed no matter how it is worn - on a jacket, hat, scarf, sweater, etc. It is also not to heavy for lighter fabrics. I am looking forward to purchasing other items from this line. And it is made in Canada!
( 2 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
This brooch is absolutely beautiful. The crystals are bright as is the gold finish. It will be great on all of my open drape cardigans, which sometimes you just want to close! I am loving that it is made in Canada as well!


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This handmade sassy grosgrain ribbon top knot bow with matching glitter ribbon to tie up the middle is the perfect way to accessorize your dog.
Measures approximately 1 1/4 inches in diameter.
Available in three styles:
French barrette
Alligator Clip
Made in the USA.
Please note that this gorgeous bow is custom made on order and may take up to ten days to ship.


text:
No. 24 Wisconsin 41, Hawaii 24
HONOLULU (AP) - Barry Alvarez is too busy right now to think about the end of his coaching career.
Brian Calhoun ran for 149 yards, including 133 in the first half, and a touchdown to lead No. 24 Wisconsin to a 41-24 victory over Hawaii on Friday night in Alvarez's final regular-season game with the Badgers.
``I'm not thinking about the end of my career because I have another game,'' Alvarez said.
Wisconsin (9-3) snapped a two-game skid and now waits to find out which bowl it will play in. The Badgers could be headed to the Capital One Bowl if Ohio State earns a BCS bid.
It was the 117th victory and secured the sixth nine-win season for Alvarez, who is retiring from coaching after 16 years. He will continue as Wisconsin's athletic director, a position he has held since April 2004.
``Most people thought a 6-6 season would be a good season going in. To win nine with this group and to have an opportunity to play in the Jan. 2 game, I feel great about it,'' he said.
Alvarez said the win hasn't changed his decision about giving up coaching.
``I made my decision,'' he said. ``I feel good about it. I'm at peace with my decision.''
Wisconsin's ground attack, led by the quick and shifty Calhoun, wore down Hawaii and opened up the passing game.
Badgers quarterback John Stocco was nearly flawless, going 12-of-16 for 191 yards passing and two touchdowns. He also had a 1-yard scoring run on fourth-and-goal late in the third quarter to put the Badgers up by 17.
Stocco said the team was motivated to win for Alvarez.
``Obviously, we want to honor him, and I think the best way to do that is to just win games,'' Stocco said. ``He's been huge for the program. When he got here, he really turned things around and took this program to the top. He's a real classy guy.''
Stocco connected with Jonathan Orr on a 17-yard touchdown pass to put the Badgers up 24-7.
The duo also teamed up in the opening quarter. Orr got past a defender and caught a 23-yard TD pass to give Wisconsin a 14-7 lead.
The Badgers totaled 440 yards of offense, including 292 in the first half, on a muggy night at Aloha Stadium.
Before the game, Alvarez emphasized to his players that the trip to the islands was a business trip, and not a vacation.
``The key to this is making sure your kids stay focused until the game,'' he said.
The Warriors (4-7), who have one more regular-season game next weekend, couldn't get their high-powered offense fully going. Hawaii has failed to reach the postseason for the first time in four years.
Hawaii quarterback Colt Brennan was 33-of-53 for 403 yards and three touchdowns, but had problems with Wisconsin's aggressive defense. He has now thrown for 3,975 yards and 32 TDs in his first year with the Warriors.
The Badgers sacked Brennan five times, intercepted a pass in the fourth quarter and forced him to fumble on Hawaii's 9, which was converted to a 24-yard field goal by Taylor Mehlhaff, giving Wisconsin a 27-10 lead.
``We had a huge fumble and the interception, we just didn't make plays,'' Hawaii coach June Jones said. ``We had sacks that killed drives. We just have to learn to get it done.''
Brennan had touchdown tosses of 3 and 8 yards to freshman Davone Bess, who had four receptions for 34 yards and saw his string of 100-yard receiving games end at five.
Fellow freshman Ryan Grice-Mullen had 11 receptions for 140 yards and joined Bess in the 1,000-yard receiving club. Grice-Mullen has 1,062 yards this season.
Nate Ilaoa had a quick start for Hawaii, rushing for 51 yards on five carries in the first half, but only carried the ball two more times for 17 yards.
Calhoun, who wrapped up the regular season with 1,423 yards rushing, scored Wisconsin's first touchdown on a 10-yard sweep to the left side, knocking down the pylon. The score was setup by a 38-yard, play-action pass to Brandon Williams.
Hawaii quickly tied it 7-7 on a short pass from Brennan to a leaping Bess, just in front of the thousands of red-clad Wisconsin fans in attendance.
That was as close as it got, as Wisconsin proceeded to run over Hawaii.
Booker Stanley rushed 15 times for 78 yards and had a 6-yard TD run in the final quarter.


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And good morning to you, too, my little chirping chickadee of governmental optimism.Traffic tickets are all about generating revenue using "public safety" as a guise.
Are red light cameras about money or safety? Backseat seat-belt laws, money or safety?
Now there's a push in Illinois to ban talking on a phone while driving. Really? Will it also soon be illegal to talk to your passenger? Eat while you're driving? Change the radio station while driving?
This is getting out of hand. How many rights and freedoms are we willing to give up in the name of "public safety?"
Remember, speed limits were introduced to help ease the gas shortages back in the 70s. With today's fuel economy vehicles and advanced safety features, 55, even 65 mph speed limits are ridiculous. Not to mention that ALL seat-belt laws are a violation of an an individuals rights.
Now we're putting drones in the air to spy on private citizens.
Police state. Police state. The revolution is coming....
We had speed limits before the Arab Oil Crisis. The limit was dropped to 55 to save gas.That was 1973 as I recall.
You must not have been reading the papers- Instead of fixing the pension crisis, Springfield actually did have a bill a year or so ago to ban eating , drinking coffee etc as part of the Distracted Driving statutes. BTW, hands free cell phone use is okay.


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text:
Browsing School of Public Policy Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 68-87 of 220
Explaining policy differences as a function of diverse governance institutions (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04-08)This study asks the question: "How does the structure of cybersecurity policy relate to differences in structure of policy governance of universities and colleges?" The study has three objectives. First, the study seeks ...
Explaining the relationship between paternal incarceration and family well-being: a mediating model using food insecurity (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015-07-08)This dissertation explores whether families of incarcerated fathers are more likely to experience food insecurity as a result of the conviction of the father. More specifically, I test whether food insecurity explains some ...
Factors influencing the effectiveness of licensing as a technology transfer mechanism between the US and the PRC (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987-08)
Federal energy policies causes and impacts (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986-08)
Federal science funding in the America Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: an assessment of two policy process frameworks (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-11-18)In order to understand how policies are made, analysts need to be able to explain and describe the policy making process. This is a complex task due to the variety and complexity of policy making environments. The difficulty ...
Firm strategies in scientific labor markets (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015-04-01)This dissertation expands on the economic geography literature on how and why innovation clusters spatially by taking a closer look at two correlated phenomena: regional specialization and firm clustering. While existing ...
Fiscal stress in the U.S. states: an analysis of measures and responses (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-11-10)Fiscal stress is an important and recurring problem that states face. Research to date on state fiscal stress involves, predominantly, cross-sectional and case study analyses and does not address the effectiveness of state ...
Foreign-born scientists in the United States –do they perform differently than native-born scientists? (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004-12-01)Are foreign-born scientists different from native-born scientists with respect to research activity and performance? This question has important policy implications not only for immigration policy but also for science ...
From policy to practice: implementation of Georgia's Medicaid family planning waiver program (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013-04-11)The purpose of this research was to examine the implementation of Georgia's Medicaid family planning program, known as Planning for Healthy Babies or P4HB. This program is the first such program to provide both family ...
Future generating capacity for the Virginia-Carolina electric utilities : the advantages and disadvantages of project financing (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1983-08)
The future of intergovernmental relations and the US Army Corps of Engineers changing traditions and building new partnerships (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986-05)
Gender-caused effects in automated information technology labor market: how the internet is being used to search for employment? (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012-08-22)This paper will examine the use of internet by job seekers. More specifically, this study explores the frequency (how often) the job seekers use a home-based internet system to search for employment.
Genetic risk : tort law and the inherited predisposition for dangerous behavior (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989-08)
Government funding and INGO autonomy: from resource dependence and tool choice perspectives (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009-08-20)Using a qualitative multiple case study methodology, this study explores the relationship between government funding and INGO autonomy in three INGOs through resource dependence and tool choice frameworks. Adapting Verhoest, ...
A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004-06-07)
A historical case study of the federal and state response to the chemical emergency at love canal in Niagara Falls, New York (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988-08)
Housing tenure, property rights, and urban development in developing countries (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008-05-13)The dissertation explores how distinctive institutional factors related to property rights determine urban development patterns and housing tenure modalities in a developing economy context. The first part proposes a ...
How do prizes induce innovation? learning from the Google Lunar X-prize (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-07-07)Inducement prizes-where cash rewards are given to motivate the attainment of targets--have been long used to encourage scientific research, develop technological innovations, or stimulate individuals, groups, and communities ...
The impact of acid rain control strategies on the Georgia Power Company (Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985-05)
The impact of framing on policy passage: the case of assisted reproductive technology (Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011-09-07)In the last 30 years, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has created a significant amount of controversy around the world. Within the U.S., policy movement has been limited, occurring primarily at the state level, which has ...