text:
Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase: An Equal Opportunity Detoxifier of Organic Compounds, Toxins and Pollutants. A metal cation lowers the pKa of water coordinately bound to the metal ion providing a source of OH - . Ethanol. Acetaldehyde. Acetic Acid. Water originally coordinately bound to
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Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase:
An Equal Opportunity Detoxifier of Organic Compounds, Toxins and Pollutants
A metal cation lowers the pKa
of water coordinately bound to
the metal ion providing a source
of OH-.
Acetic Acid
"Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry", Lippard and Berg, University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA, 1994
~ Properties of Ethanol & its toxicity ~
Ethanol is a monohydric primary alcohol. It boils at 78.5° C. It is miscible (i.e., mixes without separation) with water in all proportions and is separated from water only with difficulty; Ethanol forms a constant-boiling mixture, or azeotrope, with water that contains 95% Ethanol and 5% water and that boils at 78.15° C; since the boiling point of this binary azeotrope is below that of pure Ethanol, absolute Ethanol cannot be obtained by simple distillation.
Clinical Effects of Ethanol: The effects of moderate alcohol consumption is well known to most people. Patients present with dis-coordination, and slurred speech. At high doses Ethanol is a general CNS depressant. Alcohol is broken down in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase.
Medically, Ethanol is a soporific, i.e., sleep-producing; although it is less toxic than the other alcohols, death usually occurs if the concentration of Ethanol in the bloodstream exceeds about 5%. Behavioural changes, impairment of vision, or unconsciousness occur at lower concentrations. With levels as low as 50-100 mg/dl children can present with coma, hypothermia, and hypoglycaemia.
~ Methanol & its toxicity ~
Methanol itself may cause inebriation but by itself is almost completely non-toxic. The problem you see is methanol is metabolized by liver alcohol dehydrogenase also; to formaldehyde then to formic acid. It is these two metabolites that cause toxicity, with formic acid being more responsible. It is the formic acid that causes the profound metabolic acidosis that is typical of Methanol poisoning. The overall mortality of Methanol poisoning is approximately 20% and among survivors the rate of permanent visual impairment is 20-25%. Fatal dose 100ml.
Poisoning with Methanol may be accidental or intentional. There have been epidemics of Methanol toxicity in cases where illicit whiskey has been sold to large populations or when the less expensive Methanol was substituted for Ethanol in drinks.
Ethanol is used to decrease the metabolism of Methanol. Alcohol dehydrogenase acts to break down both Ethanol and Methanol, and is the rate limiting step in the metabolism. The enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, has a greater affinity for Ethanol than it does for Methanol. Therefore, in the presence of Ethanol, the metabolism of Methanol to its toxic metabolites is greatly slowed. It is appropriate to begin an Ethanol drip while awaiting blood levels of Methanol. Ethanol drips are also indicated if the blood Methanol level returns and is 20 mg/dl or above. The target Ethanol level is 100-150 mg/dl since this is the level that will saturate alcohol dehydrogenase.
The degree of toxicity correlates with the amount of methanol ingested, but not with presenting methanol levels. Latency between ingestion and toxicity occurs because of the time required to convert methanol to toxic metabolites. The toxic effects become apparent when LADH has metabolized methanol to formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is highly toxic but is rapidly degraded by aldehyde dehydrogenase and other nonspecific enzymes to formic acid, which is responsible for the metabolic acidosis and anion gap. Further metabolism of formic acid to carbon dioxide is dependent on folate.
Aspartame Kills!
Holistic Medicince.com states: Abuse of the Scientific Method Seen in Monsanto Aspartame Research in Collusion with the FDA and the Multiple Sclerosis Society
Subject: FW: Health information on ASPARTAME
WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE and the MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS FOUNDATION F.D.A. ISSUING FOR COLLUSION WITH MONSANTO Article written by Nancy Markle (1120197)
I have spent several days lecturing at the WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE on "ASPARTAME marketed as 'NutraSweet', 'Equal', and 'Spoonful"'. In the keynote address by the EPA, they announced that there was an epidemic of multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus, and they did not understand what toxin was causing this to be rampant across the United States.
I explained that I was there to lecture on exactly that subject. When the temperature of Aspartame exceeds 86 degrees F, the wood alcohol in ASPARTAME coverts to formaldehyde and then to formic acid, which in turn causes metabolic acidosis. (Formic acid is the poison found in the sting of fire ants). The methanol toxicity mimics multiple sclerosis; thus people were being diagnosed with having multiple sclerosis in error. The multiple sclerosis is not a death sentence, where methanol toxicity is.
Toxicity Effects of Aspartame Use
Selection of adverse effects from short-term and/or long-Term use
seizures and convulsions
migraines and severe headaches (Trigger or Cause From Chronic Intake)
memory loss (common toxicity effects)
slurring of speech
numbness or tingling of extremities
chronic fatigue
panic attacks (common aspartame toxicity reaction)
marked personality changes
rapid heart beat, tachycardia (another frequent reaction)
chest pains
hypertension (high blood pressure)
nausea or vomitting
abdominal pain
swallowing pain
hives / urticaria
other allergic reactions
blood sugar control problems (e.g., hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia)
menstrual cramps and other menstraul problems or changes
impotency and sexual problems
food cravings
weight gain
hair loss / baldness or thinning of hair
burning urination & other urination problems
excessive thirst or excessive hunger
bloating, edema (fluid retention)
infection susceptibility
joint pain
brain cancer (Pre-approval studies in animals)
Aspartame Disease Mimmicks Symptoms or Worsens the Following Diseases
multiple sclerosis (MS)
parkinson's disease
diabetes and diabetic Complications
alzheimer's disease
birth defects
chronic fatigue syndrome
multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS)
lyme disease
attention deficit disorder (ADD and ADHD)
panic disorder
depression and other psychological disorders


text:
A Prayer for You Today
Here is a prayer for God's blessing on you today.
May God fill you with His Holy Spirit as you receive Jesus Christ as your Savior and Lord, and may you know His abiding presence in your life. May you walk each day filled with God's presence.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Dharma for Restaurants
Reduced pricing and hardware made just for restaurants, bars & quick serve.
Low Restaurant Rates
.20% + $0.07
above Interchange
Restaurant, bar and quick-service credit card transactions are always assessed at the same low rate with our Interchange-plus pricing.
Terminals and Point-of-Sale
Clover Mini
Looking for a full-featured POS system? Look no further than Clover, which provides everything a restaurant could need. EMV tip adjustment, Chip+PIN, real-time inventory tracking, receipt printing, a front-facing camera, and an incredibly easy-to-use interface make the Clover Mini system a fast favorite.
Countertop terminals
Dharma recommends the FD-130 terminal for true restaurant acceptance, but we also offer the Verifone terminal line. All terminals allow for PIN debit, Apple Pay, EMV (chip card) reading and tip acceptance. Dharma offers both wired and wireless models as well as external PINpads, depending on your needs.
Clover Mobile
100% wireless credit card processing. Clover Mobile has no power cords, instead relying on WiFi and battery power – so your servers aren't tied down to a central payment location. Get pay-at-the-table acceptance, with EMV tip-adjustment and all-day battery life. Connect to optional bluetooth printers and mobile docks.
Clover Mobile
See why Clover Mobile is so popular. It has all-day battery life, EMV tip-adjustment, and an easy-to-grip handle. Speed up your credit card acceptance with Clover Mobile.
Get a free consultation from Dharma
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Fully posted credit card interchange rates and fully posted margins.
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Your support questions are answered by real people.
24-hour tech support.
Small Business Services
Dharma partners with several third-party firms to offer additional services to our clients. Click below for:
Digital Loyalty products from Flok
Small business loans with Kabbage
Increasing your online presence with SinglePlatform
Clover Station
Need a Full-Service POS solution? Look no further than Clover Station. Boasting a beautiful 11.6″ screen with a unique swivel design, it serves as your restaurant's hub of operations.
What Restaurant Merchants Have To Say About Dharma
"Dharma merchant services have left me nothing to be desired in savings and customer service. Since switching over to them from my previous provider, I have saved thousands of dollars ($6000+) in less than a year! I only needed assistance with the switch over procedure so don't have a ton of interaction with the staff. What I did have was very personal and professional as well as patient and knowledgeable. I do wish that the funding time was one day instead of two but it's well worth the savings and gaining the feeling that I'm not being taken for a ride by processing company. I'm also impressed with their commitment to treating their employees well and the environment. I was reluctant to switch companies for years because of all the headaches involved ( which they made seamless) and was surprised how easy the process actually was. All in all my only regret is giving my hard earned money to a greedy company for so long. Wish I had switched sooner. I'm dedicated to helping my friends in business take a look at Dharma for their processing because running a small business is risky enough without having your processor take away your profits. Keep up the good work!" – Patrick Sullivan, Government Street Grocery
"Once again, your response to our questions exceed all expectations. Thank you for the detailed explanation of your reasons for your thorough application process. Thank you for passing savings to us for a little bit of extra work on our part... Perfect! Thank you. You always do such a terrific job explaining everything so it is very easy to understand." - Zhanna Buell, Freshness Farms CSA
"We really appreciate the support of Dharma Merchant Services. The money we save on fees and the lift we experience by working with a merchant processing company that is aligned with our core business values supports our mission of helping families reduce their dependence on plastics by providing high-quality, plastic-free lunchware alternatives! Please pass along our appreciation to the entire team!" - Sandra Harris, ECOLunchbox


text:
Asked by GlitteribonMom at 8:59 PM on Mar. 1, 2011 in Crazy for CreditsLevel 56 (689,167 Credits)
Answer by tootoobusy at 9:16 PM on Mar. 1, 2011
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Online & Software
Price: Contact company for pricing.
Category: professional development
Price: Contact company for pricing.
Category: Web portal
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Category: administrative tools
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Category: Web portal
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Category: curriculum management
Price: Contact company for pricing.
Category: keyboarding skills
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Category: one-to-one
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Category: courseware & assessment
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Category: online courses
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Category: online community
Category: Writing
Price: Starts at $20/year for students.
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Category: reading
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Category: science
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Category: classroom management
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Category: learning management, courseware, and assessment
Price: Free for TestWiz users.
Category: assessment
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Category: lesson planning
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Category: assessment
Price: Contact company for pricing.
Category: geography, culture
Califone International, Inc. (www.califone.com) has upgraded its Kids
Keyboard, which uses a color-coded layout to help beginning readers
identify and locate the function, number, consonant, and vowel keys. Building
their confidence as they learn writing and keyboarding skills, the design
also introduces students to the standard QWERTY format and Microsoft
Office Hot Keys, the icon-coded keys for Playback, Volume Control,
Favorites, Track Selections, Standby, E-mail, Search, and more.
Intel (www.intel.com) has unveiled the new Intel-powered, convertible classmate
PC (www.classmatepc.com). Featuring the Intel Atom processor and a 10.1-inch LCD
monitor, the new convertible classmate PC includes increased memory and storage
with which to run education applications. The new design can change instantly from
a clamshell to a tablet PC and has a touch screen with a user interface optimized for
eReading applications, a water-resistant keyboard, a touchpad and screen, improved
ruggedness, bump- and scratch-resistant surfaces, and an optional antimicrobial
The RM (www.rmeducation.com)
SecureAudio System is a full-featured
classroom audio-enhancement system
that incorporates a security-alert function,
enabling teachers to signal an alert with
a single button in any emergency. In
addition, RM SecureAudio is a high-quality
audio system with a True Stereo Amplifier
that provides 50 watts of total output
power. The teacher microphone features a
remote control that allows the teacher to
adjust the system's volume.
Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. (www.lutron.com) has expanded its family of
Maestro and Maestro Wireless sensors
and controls. The new wireless-control
products include a three-wire fluorescent
dimmer, an ELV dimmer, a plugin
module that enables wireless lamp
dimming, another plug-in module that
permits wireless lamp switching, a twobutton
(on-off) handheld Pico wireless
control, and a two-button (on-off and
raise-lower) Pico wireless control.
ELMO USA (www.elmousa.com) has announced
that its P30S digital
document cameras are
now integrated into the
SAFARI Montage 4.1 system
When connected
to the SAFARI Montage
system, the P30S is autodetected
to give teachers
immediate control of
all functions of the document
camera from the
SAFARI Montage Media
Player, including autofocus,
brightness, and
Samsung (www.samsung.com) and 3LCD (www.3LCD.com) have teamed up to deliver a 3LCD LED projector,
the F10M. The F10M delivers 1,000 lumens with a light life
of 30,000+ hours and offers XGA resolution and an imagesize
range of 40 to 300 inches, as well as HDMI input and
connectivity. Every 3LCD projector has 3LCD features
and technology advantages, including a three-chip optical
engine that delivers incredibly bright, true-to-life color and
high color and white light output.
The Xerox (www.office.xerox.com) WorkCentre 3550 desktop
black-and-white laser multifunction printer copies, scans, faxes,
and prints up to 35 pages a minute and is equipped to handle the
printing tasks of busy offices. The WorkCentre 3550 also comes
with a standard paper capacity of 550 sheets; secure print, which
keeps documents from printing until the user provides a PIN code to
release the job; color scanning; and easily transferable files through
the print-from and scan-to USB thumb drive on the front of the MFP.
Atdec's (www.atdec.com) Telehook TH-1040-VFM utilizes a balljoint
mechanism that allows easy adjustment for any screen-viewing
angle up to 40 degrees with simple tension adjustment. Even after the
screen has been installed, it is easy to change its position from landscape
to portrait mode, and the educator has virtually 360-degree
screen adjustment.
HP (www.hp.com) has announced
the HP Mini 100e Education
Edition, which includes software
from Microsoft. The computer also
features a spill-resistant keyboard.
The HP Mini 100e offers
optional Wi-Fi certified WLAN as
well as an integrated worldwide
modem that is compatible in all
countries that use the V.92 standard.
Along with a VGA Webcam,
it includes separate headphone
and MIC ports and so can easily
connect to other devices.
Broadcast Pix (www.broadcastpix.com) is launching its Live Production & Streaming
Bundles, a promotion that packages the provider's Granite and Slate video production
systems with a ViewCast Niagara streaming-media appliance and a Yamaha audio mixer.
Software included in each bundle enables the Broadcast Pix control panel and user
interface, through TCP/IP control, to select, monitor, and control up to 12 ViewCast streams.
One Laptop per Child
(www.laptop.org) and
Marvell (www.marvell.com) have agreed to
jointly develop a family
of next-generation OLPC
XO tablet computers
based on the Marvell
Moby reference design.
This new partnership will
provide designs and technologies
to enable a range of new
educational tablets, delivered by OLPC
and other education-industry leaders, aimed at
schools in both the United States and developing markets.
The Epson (www.epsonbrightfutures.com) PowerLite S9
includes USB plug and play; extended lamp life; monitorout
and audio-out ports, which permit connectivity to
external devices; Instant On/Off, which enables presenters
to prevent delays when starting and finishing presentations
and to be up and running in only five seconds; A/V Mute
Slide, which instantly turns off the sound; easy portability;
and the latest 3LCD technology.
The Crestron (www.crestron.com) PSPHD
high-definition 7.3 surround-sound audio
processor includes three independent
subwoofer outputs to provide a powerful
bass sensation that is evenly distributed
to all seats. Intelligent pairing enables
sophisticated communication between
the PSPHD and the PROAMP-7X400 or
PROAMP-7X250 seven-channel amplifier.
The built-in three-channel line mixer
and distribution amplifier in the PSPHD
enable the combination of multichannel
HD audio and video teleconferencing.
Bretford Manufacturing, Inc. (www.bretford.com) has launched the
NETBOOK42-CT, a new cart that vertically stores, charges, and protects
42 netbook computers. The NETBOOK42 incorporates a sophisticated
Power Management System, or "brain," that redistributes power every
three minutes, not only to ensure consistent charging but also to keep
the netbooks cool, thereby enabling them to charge faster. The auxiliary
power outlets on the cart's top shelf allow it to double as a presentation
cart in the classroom; it also has room for a video projector or a printer.
The PAPERSHOW (www.papershow.com) Teacher's
Edition has added functions and features useful for K-12
teachers, including an interactive calculator, a magnifying
glass, two measurement tools, lined paper for
students learning to write, and 72 colors. PAPERSHOW
consists of three elements, a wireless Bluetooth pen, a
USB Key, and interactive paper, that work together to
allow the user to create a digital flip chart or annotate a
Keynote or PowerPoint presentation live.
Olympus (www.olympusamerica.com) has released two new models
in its VN Series, the VN-7000
(left) and the VN-8100PC (right)
digital audio recorders. The
VN-8100PC now records in MP3
format in addition to Windows
Media Audio. The VN-7000 has
39 hours of battery life, and the
VN-8100PC lasts 51 hours. Set on
LP mode, the VN-7000 can record
for more than 1,200 consecutive
hours; the VN-8100PC, for more
than 850 hours.
Numonics Corporation (www.interactivewhiteboards.com) has announced the
release of the Intellitrac Rail system,
a wall-mounted rail system designed
to hold any large-format interactive
whiteboard and slide it horizontally
to provide access to a fixed chalk or
dry-erase-marker board on the wall
behind it. The Intellitrac accommodates
a standard-height, 48-inch-tall
existing board with a chalk tray of up
to 58.25 inches.
National K-12 Publisher Mentoring Minds and Long-Time Partner, the&nbs...
Schools expand course offerings; prepare students for college and care...
DOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE—May 22, 2017—Measured Progress, Inc. ...
NEW YORK (May 18, 2017) – Schoology, the leader in learning mana...
IO Education, a market leader in helping educators use data to improve...
Recognizing that big change starts with small steps, today, Comic Reli...
Today, Discovery Education, a leading provider of digital content and ...
Boston — May 16, 2017 — Educational experts advocate expos...
Ready Mathematics for grades K–5 is one of only three products i...
New Presentation Display Specially Designed to Work with SMART Board M...
(www.acer.com) The Acer C720-2844 Chromebook model delivers speedy performance, a quick boot time of seven seconds, and a matte anti-glare display tha...
(www.britannica.com) Britannica Digital Learning has upgraded ImageQuest, a resource for schools and libraries that provides nearly three million rig...
(www.classflow.com) Promethean has released ClassFlow, a free, all-in-one, cloud-based teaching tool that lets teachers create and deliver interactive...
(www.adobe.com) Adobe has released Adobe Voice, an animated video app for the iPad that lets users create and share video stories. The app incorporate...
(www.boxlight.com) The BOXLIGHT DeskBoard mobile cart adjusts both height and tilt for the P8 ultra short throw interactive projector on a white surfa...
(www.bretford.com) Bretford has introduced Core 36M, a 36-unit charging cart that is optimized for Chromebooks but which also supports most tablets, l...
(www.edmentum.com) Edmentum Sensei is a mobile optimized solution that helps administrators visualize and track overall school, teacher, and student p...
(www.hmhco.com) HMH has released HMH Player, a new native app for iOS and Google Chrome that streamlines the learning experience for improved digital ...
(www.bretford.com) Bretford has unveiled an easy-to-use modular power system with exchangeable power components. The Juice Power System uses unique ...
(www.lightsailed.com) LightSail Education has announced a literacy accelerator that combines books with in-text embedded assessments and real-time dat...
(www.myon.com) myON has expanded its digital library to include a set of literacy tools to further personalize the reading experience for students whi...
(www.nervanix.com) Nervanix has released Clarity, an application that monitors student attention levels as they study and guides them to revisit conce...
(www.robotslab.com) RobotsLAB has introduced MathBall, a smart sensor basketball and tablet system that offers curricula in algebra, pre-calculus, phy...
(www.waspbarcode.com) Wasp Barcode's MobileAsset.EDU solutions include everything administrators need to account for their assets, from software...
(www.opened.io) OpenEd has announced a free tool that lets teachers easily create assessments with the question types required by Common Core standard...
(www.panasonic.com) Panasonic's TH-80LFB70U interactive LED display features high-speed, multi-touch, interactive capabilities to promote partic...
(www.penveu.com) The penveu interactive display system is a handheld device that turns projectors and large screen displays into interactive whiteboar...
(www.califone.com) Califone has updated its PresentationPro speaker. The PA310 readily connects with computers, LCD projectors, mobile devices, intera...
(www.bretford.com) Bretford Manufacturing, Inc. has announced the availability of the companion app for its PowerSync+ enabled charge and sync produc...
(www.bretford.com) Bretford Manufacturing, Inc. has debuted the PureCharge family of iPad and iPad mini charging carts and stations. By offering pre-i...
(www.proquest.com) ProQuest's new information literacy product, Research Companion, offers videos that guide users through the research process,...
(www.averusa.com) AVer Information has developed a Student Engagement platform, providing teachers and students with the tools to transmit document ca...
(www.averusa.com) AVer has released the TabChargeCT2 charge cart solution, which can hold up to 40 Chromebooks, iPads, Android or Windows tablets, lap...
(www.extron.com) The Instant Alert function of the Extron VoiceLift Microphone, combined with a PoleVault, WallVault, or PlenumVault classroom AV sys...
(www.smarttech.com) The SMART Board 6065 is an ultra HD, 4K interactive flat panel that offers collaborative capabilities while ensuring lessons run s...
(www.gaggle.net) The new Gaggle Unity Partner Program provides free data integration services for all educational technology vendors. Through the Gagg...
(www.waterford.org) Waterford Early Learning Cloud can be used at home or to supplement lessons in classrooms. It can also be used for individual adap...
(www.netsupportschool.com) The latest version of NetSupport School allows teachers to monitor and collaborate with any mix of technology. An enhanced ...
(www.techsmith.com/camtasia) TechSmith's Camtasia gives teachers the tools to record lessons, create videos, and engage their audiences. Educato...
(www.panasonic.com) Intel has teamed up with Panasonic to announce the Panasonic 3E, which uses the Intel Education 2-in-1 reference design. Designed ...
Short-Throw Projection—Freeing Up Teachers with More Flexible Projection Options
Accrediting the Bootcamp: The Transformational Impact of Career College Status
Microfiche Was the Dawn of Multimedia Research
[VIDEO] AV/IT Weekly Update: SoundTube Pendant Dante Speakers, Harman & IBM Watson IoT, Platinum Tools LANSeeker, Audio-Technica
[Video] The Death of the Matrix Switch
Winsted Receives GREENGUARD Gold Certification
Boundary Microphone, Black by Earthworks, Inc.. Model: CTB30-B
C8-i Compact Line Array by Clair Brothers. Model: C8-i
C8-M Compact Line Array by Clair Brothers. Model: C8-M


text:
× View Today's Deals
You missed it This great deal for Nature's Inventory is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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PAID VALUE EXPIRES ON May 28, 2022
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text:
My Favorite web sites for buy anime and manga related products
Labels: Otaku , View Comments
Today I could not think of anything to write about. I decide to list the websites that I use to buy anime, manga, and any related products in detail.
Hobby Wave
I use hobby wave mainly for buying Gundam Model Kits because they only sell that.
Pros: this site has a flat rate shipping of 10 US dollars which is great.
Cons: since this company is in Canada it takes about two weeks for their product to arrive home.
Hobby Link Japan
Hobby link japan is a good site for when you want to preorder anything because they are the first to get brand new products before anyone else.
Pros: They are always restocking all of their products.
Cons: EMS shipping is expensive and if you go with SAL shipping it will take about three or four weeks for your package to arrive.
Discount Anime DVD
I use this site to buy manga mostly because they have a big selection.
Pros: They always have special deals like for example 35% off of all Viz media manga
Cons: Their website is a little tricky to browse around in.
This Is Anime
I use this website to buy DVDs because they have a large selection
Pros: The DVDs are dirty cheap like for example I bought the entire series of FLCL for 8 US dollars. They also have region free DVDs and a point system that when you get enough points you can get a discount from them.
Cons: They don't update their stock on the website as often as they should. for example you buy something from them and a couple of days later you get an e-mail from them saying that they don't have the product in stock.
Image Anime
This website has a lot of anime related products. The reason why I buy from them is that I buy my modeling tools from them (gundam paint makers).
Pros: They are really fast at processing my orders and my shipment gets to my house in less than a week.
Cons: when they sellout of something, they will never restock that product ever again.
Well those are the websites that I use to buy my anime, manga, and anime related products. You should check them out. Another thing please check out all the adds in my blog because I need that adsense money.


text:
Reset My Password
This will send a password reset to your email address on file. A reminder that your email address on your account must be valid and working to receive the reset request.
We would love to hear your feedback and any suggestions you may have for our new VWVortex store.
Let us know if there is a color option you would like added or a particular merchandise item you would like to see in the store. Have you had a chance to buy an item from our store? Then we want to hear what you think about the merchandise you bought.
If you would like to provide feedback/suggestions please post in here in the Store Feedback forum.
Riding on tight trails like that in the woods, in a T-shirt isn't the brightest idea. Looks like you almost ate that one tree when that branch smacked you in the head.
bah, scratches heal eventually
Forum Rules


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Researchers from the University of Bath and King's College London recently made a shocking discovery. A common ingredient in the typical Western diet could turn out to be the culprit behind Alzheimer's disease. We already knew that diabetics have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's, but now ... Read More ›
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Don't fall for the low-fat milk lie
Raise your hand if you have a container of low-fat milk in your refrigerator right now. Yes, one percent, two percent and skim milk all count. If you had your hand up, do us a favor. Step away from the computer, head straight to the fridge and pour that swill down the drain. We'll be here when ... Read More ›
July 14, 2016
Ugly little fruit supercharges metabolism & targets belly fat
As you approach and pass 40 hormonal changes can cause your metabolism to slow down to what can feel like a crawl. That means even if you follow a healthy diet and you exercise it might not be enough to keep your weight from creeping up. And if you're like a lot of us and you don't always get ... Read More ›
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Top 8 natural remedies to beat blood sugar problems
Regardless of whether you're simply concerned about blood sugar because of a family history, already seeing elevated blood sugar levels (insulin resistant or pre-diabetic) or you've already received a type 2 diabetes diagnosis controlling your blood sugar starts with two things: A healthy low ... Read More ›
April 20, 2016
Eat MORE fat to protect your heart and brain
If you're completely confused about fats you're far from alone. The messages about them are constantly shifting, and frankly it's been hard to keep up. But there might finally be a light at the end of the tunnel. For a long time the message coming out of the halls of conventional medicine was ... Read More ›
September 12, 2016
Ditch the fad diets and lose the fat FOREVER!
I wonder what this year's new crop of ridiculous, and dangerous, fad diets will bring. Perhaps it's the Peanut Butter & Jelly Sandwich Diet? Or the Cotton Candy Diet? If you've already run across one of these crazy fads this year please share it in the comments below to amuse (and warn) all ... Read More ›
September 8, 2016
4 surprising causes (& cures) of brain fog
Do you have trouble concentrating from time to time? Or do you find you occasionally have a hard time thinking clearly or even relaxing your mind? Brain fog can get the best of any of us, but what could be causing your brain to feel sluggish—and your thinking to sometimes get mushy—might surprise ... Read More ›
January 4, 2017
Top 5 weight loss products of 2016
Happy New Year! You've made it through another holiday season. Unfortunately if you're like many of us you've brought along a few extra "friends" with you into 2016. But if that's the case remember... you're far from alone. Putting on a few extra pounds over the holidays is all ... Read More ›
February 9, 2016
How blood sugar affects your breathing
When you think of diabetes, either type 1 or 2, the possibility of complications with your eyes, heart and kidneys probably come to mind. But no one ever gives a thought to their lungs being affected by blood sugar abnormalities. However the unfortunate truth is, unstable blood sugar can do a number ... Read More ›
August 9, 2016
Q&A: 8 tips to reverse "Skinny-Fat Syndrome"
Dear Dr. Hyman, "If I'm not overweight, do I need to become concerned about obesity and other health issues? Even though I drink soda and eat whatever I want, I don't gain weight. Should I be worried?" Answer: The short answer is yes, and here's why. One study published in ... Read More ›


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"Okruzenje", or "Vicinities" in English, is a pioneering current affairs talk show that brings together influential guests from across the Balkans to talk about topics sometimes painful, divisive, or even satirical -- that are at the heart of daily life. This is not your average talk show guests come from all walks of life and are joined by a desire to discuss and listen, and by language, as most of the languages of the region are mutually understood. The resulting show is broadcast weekly in seven different countries unthinkable just years ago.
The CDRSEE together with the European Fund for the Balkans took the bold step of airing the first pilot season in five countries in spring 2012. Never before had such diverse guests come together with the objective of really listening to one another and finding resolutions to issues that reach deeply into the soul of the region and have the power to enable true reconciliation. Okruzenje, known in the international community as Vicinities, is a peace-building experience on the medium that reaches more homes than any other.
The second season, expanded and even more powerful, tackled topics such as identity, youth unemployment and EU influence. Twelve editions were broadcast on eight channels. And remarkably, the show caught the attention of the European Parliament. In December 2013, the Members of the European Parliament sponsored a special event to highlight the impact of the show in the region, and called for something similar in Europe.
Okruzenje gained even better time slots in the third season, with shows broadcast during or close to prime time. With the added partnership of the Regional Cooperation Council, the 12 regular-season shows were broadcast consecutively, and the team added two additional special reports. In October 2014, to kick off the season, more than 100 diplomats, journalists, editor and executives gathered to see a presentation on Okruzenje, or Vicinities, and to discuss Cross-border Regional Cooperation of the media. The news show became the news -- some 50 newspapers in the region wrote about the event.
For Season IV, the number of channels broadcasting Okruzenje has increased to 10; Albanian public broadcaster RTSH is joining the Okruzenje team, as is the Albanian-language channel of TV Kosovo, RTK1, both major steps for expansion and reconciliation. For the fourth season, the number of regular-season shows will increase to 14, including two shows of highlights. In addition, the Okruzenje team will organize four roundtable discussions in cities around the region, which will be recorded and produced into additional shows. Also important, TV partner stations and other local stations -- at least 40 already -- are re-broadcasting shows from seasons II and III during the off-season, to improve the continuity and the visibility of the show. For Season IV, local stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Kosovo will do the same.
Perhaps most exciting, in August 2015 the Okruzenje team recorded a TV programme with Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania, and Aleksandar Vucic, Prime Minister of Serbia, on prospects for the region's youth, on regional cooperation and the Balkans' place in Europe. The show aired on 31 August 2015 in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo and has already raised an incredible visibility, with about 2 millon viewers in Serbia and a share of 85% in Albania, the most-watched show ever. The show can be viewed on You Tube at the following URL: https://youtu.be/1vRkPoD1FyQ.
Okruzenje (Vicinities), First Regional News Talk Show 3rd SeasonEditor Zvezdana Kovac
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Okruzenje (Vicinities), First Regional News Talk Show 2nd SeasonEditor Zvezdana KovaÄ
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Okruzenje (Vicinities), First Regional News Talk ShowEdited by Zvezdana Kovac
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European Fund for the Balkans (www.balkanfund.org)
Supported by:
Current Media Partners:
|Radio Television Bosnia and Herzegovina (www.bhrt.ba)
|Radio Television Bijeljina (www.rtvbn.com)
|Croatian Radiotelevision (www.hrt.hr)
|Radio Television Kosovo (www.rtklive.com)
|ALSAT--M TV from the FYR of Macedonia (alsat-m.tv)
|Vijesti television from Montenegro (www.vijesti.me/tv)
|Radio Television Slovenia (www.rtvslo.si)
|Radio Television Serbia (www.rts.rs)
|Radio Television Albania (www.rtsh.al)
Additional media partners:
Dani, weekly news magazine from Bosnia and Herzegovina (www.rtvslo.si)
Slobodna Dalmacija, dailynews magazine from Croatia (www.slobodnadalmacija.hr)
Monitor, weekly news magazine from Montenegro (www.monitor.co.me)
Vreme, weekly news magazines from Serbia (www.vreme.rs)


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Cayden: ReminiscingMature
This was going better than I'd expected. In all honesty I'd expected Maxxie to sit down, say hi, and walk out. Granted I didn't exactly approve of the beer bottle that seemed to be constantly attached to his lips but if it kept him around then I was down with it.
But still, what he'd said about having no dignity was getting to me. How could someone feel that way about themselves? If Maxxie was some nasty ass skank then it'd be understandable but he wasn't. Considering we both thought we'd cheat on each other the first chance we got, we'd done pretty well.
And jeez, the look on his face when his mom mentioned Christmas. As much as I wanted him to reconcile with his mom, I kind of didn't want him here for Christmas. Me and Brent had always spent Christmas together and it was practically a family affair now. Don't ask me why he doesn't go to his folks place, I asked him once and he said something happened and him and his dad don't get on anymore. And then the cheeky fucker flipped it round and asked why I never go to my folks place. The obvious answer to that is Hadley. As much as I hate him for being the homophobic little shit he is, Hads is still my little bro and I feel bad if I upset him. So I just stay out of the way and everyone's happy. Well, maybe everyone except my parents. Apparently Ava came out last year with her boyfriend. They were gonna come visit me but Hads kicked off and Ava had to stick around to calm him down. Back before the whole coming out thang, it'd only ever really been me that could calm Hads down when he got mad.
I looked up from the table, which I'd been staring at for the last five minutes, and frowned a little at the awkward silence. Maxxie's mom kept trying to start up a decent conversation but Maxxie was just being a bitch about it. Jeez, I know I'd promised him sex for showing up but a tiny bit of positivity would have been nice. Maybe he'd be nicer if I hooked something up with Brent again. Oh nice, Cayden, you're pimping out your best friend now.
All the talk of parents, siblings and best friends made me think of John. Shit, what if we ran into him when Max met my folks? He used to live literally two doors down from us and he was going to move out but his parents passed away and he moved into their house because it was easier. Don't get the wrong idea, I'm not some weird stalker. His wife told me. Man, how epic would a threesome with John be? Okay, Cayden, stop thinking like that. John's straight. John's married… John was your boyfriend for like three years. Jesus Christ, you've got Maxxie now. He's gorgeous, funny, an absolute dork, so why are you still stuck on John?
I sipped on the glass of pepsi in front of me and resisted the urge to bite my lip. I spent the rest of lunch making eye contact only if I had to. Let's just say there were other things on my mind…
Maxxie had barely gotten the front door unlocked before I started unbuttoning his shirt, lips colliding with his like it was the end of the world. I felt guilty. I told Max I'd be there for him at lunch if things got awkward and what was I doing? I was sat there reminiscing about the various things I'd done with John. Asking myself what he'd be like in a threesome or even a foursome. The fact that my member started to wake up at this didn't help either. Which was why I was practically fucking Maxxie on his doorstep. Maxxie was fucking perfect if you ignore the emotional baggage that came with his parents and as well as I knew it, I had to convince myself.
Maxxie had barely stumbled in through the door and closed it behind him when I pinned him against it, kissing every inch of skin I could get to. Which was now a considerable amount considering his shirt was on the floor somewhere. Maxxie tried to say something but I silenced him with a kiss. I didn't need to do this because I promised him, I needed to do this to prove to myself that this was where I wanted to be.


text:
The leading dental magazine.
Bite is a magazine for dentists, hygienists and dental assistants. It covers news and reviews for all topics related to oral health, dental practice management, dental equipment and much more.
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Payment will be charged to iTunes account at confirmation of purchase. Subscription automatically renews unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24-hours before the end of the current period. Account will be charged for renewal within 24-hours prior to the end of the current period, and cost of renewal is set at prices above. Subscriptions may be managed by the user and auto-renewal may be turned off by going to the user's Account Settings after purchase. No cancellation of the current subscription is allowed during active subscription period.
Supported Devices:
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text:
Decision makers
- Cody Nicosia and Christian Birdsall
Cody and Christian plotted, attacked and murdered my mother in law, and then went back to set her body, and the house on fire. I know this won't bring Barb back, but she deserves justice, and these monsters knew exactly what they were doing, and should recieve no mercy! They deserve to spend the rest of their lives behind bars because what they did is evil and they are evil!
- Cody Nicosia and Christian Birdsall
These two monsters deserve to spend the rest of their lives in prison without the possibility of parole.
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Made in Brazil our Summer collection evokes everything that is FUN and FLIRTY. MISCHIEF is for all those girls who like a classic look with a touch of sparkle , We think this style would look amazing with any outfit this summer.
Our fit model recommends taking your true size in this style.


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Webinar: Teaching Statistical Inference via Simulation using R
October 14, 2008 Teaching and Learning webinar presented by Daniel Kaplan, Macalester College and hosted by Jackie Miller, The Ohio State University. George Cobb describes the core logic of statistical inference in terms of the three Rs: Randomize, Repeat, Reject. Note that all three Rs involve process or action. Teaching this core logic is more effective when students are able to carry out these actions on real data. This webinar shows how to use computers effectively with introductory-level students to teach them the three Rs of inference. This is done with another R: the statistical software package. The simulations that are carried out involve constructing confidence intervals, demonstrating the idea of "coverage," hypothesis testing, and confounding and covariation.
|Date Of Record Creation
|2009-08-01 22:34:00
|Date Last Modified
|2017-03-15 12:30:10
|Date Of Record Release
|2009-08-01 22:34:00
|Alternate Title
|October 14, 2008 T&L webinar
|Resource Type
|Author Name
|Daniel Kaplan
|Author Organization
|Macalester College
|Material Type
|Statistical Topic
|Intended User Role
|Math Level
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Scattered Crumbs
€ 15,99
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
Juli 2003
BeschreibungAN IRAQI FAMILY TRIES TO SURVIVE BOTH A DICTATOR AND A WAR. Set in an Iraqi village during the Iran-Iraq war, Scattered Crumbs critiques a totalitarian dictatorship through the stories of an impoverished peasant family. A father, a fierce supporter of Saddam Hussein--here called only "The Leader"--clashes with his artist son, who loves his homeland but finds himself literally unable to paint the Leader's portrait for his father's wall. The narrator remembers the disintegration of his family as he leaves the village to search for his cousin, even as he realizes that the only thing he really knows of this cousin, is his absence. Translator Hanoosh says that the novel "evokes the processes of deterioration undergone both by the country and by the individual characters caught up in the maelstrom." Scattered Crumbs was first published in Arabic in Cairo in 2000. This translation captures the subtle sarcasm of the original text and its elliptical rhythms.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: UNIV OF ARKANSAS PR
Erscheinungsdatum: Juli 2003
Seitenanzahl: 126 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


text:
In this exercise, consider the following scenario and then respond to the questions.
Marcus and his supervisor, Ms. Diaz, are having a meeting in a small conference room. Marcus is explaining the process he took to complete a task that was assigned to him. Ms. Diaz is listening, and her facial expression is one of deep concentration. Marcus, however, interprets her expression to be one of confusion and he keeps talking, growing more anxious and nervous as he continues to explain himself over and over again.


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Meenakshi Ramasamy College of Education
Tamil Nadu
Total Students
Fees Range
How to reach
Meenakshi Ramasamy College of Education is situated at Trichy Main Road, Thathanur (PO), Upayarpalayam (TK), Ariyalur (DT)-621804. in Ariyalur.
Courses Offered
- 1 Years
- B.Ed.
- Languages / Arts / Literature
Meenakshi Ramasamy College of Education - MRCE
Meenachi Ramasamy Educational Trust was founded in the year 2000 to fulfill and put in action the dreams of uplifting the educational, economical and social status of the bottom layer of the people in and around Udayarpalayam, who toiled and moiled in the hot sun on the cashew sylvan soil to survive in the poor and poorest condition by the philanthropist, harbinger and stalwart Kalvi Thanthai Theiva Thiru.M.Ramasamy Mudaliar to provide and promote high quality of education in the rural area of Ariyalur District. The simple, hardworking, striving, self – relying, adapted, capable and benevolent secretary and Correspondent Mr.M.R.Rahunaathan is the aegis of the management. The diligent faculty team of the college possesses hands-on experience and up to date knowledge of their subject and area of expertise. The infrastructure and facilities of ABCIET consists of spread-out campus alongside various amenities in the form of library, computer center, classrooms with proper teaching and learning aids, medical facilities etc. The institute seeks to place each of its students in an organization/company of great repute. Aims And Objectives " To produce sincere, hard working, dedicated, competent and interest and involvement teachers, To generate innovate creative thinking and practices, To impart excellent education with available resources, To ensure and promise the best services to students community by experienced and dedicated faculty members.
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Every year campus interview is conducted by various schools and selected the best students. Job opportunity is ensured for willing students by the college placement cell. Placement Cell, grievance cell and SC/ST cell are functioning in the college. The dedicated placement cell regularly conducts grooming sessions of the students in areas like soft skills, interview facing skills, behavioral skills hereby making them industry-fit. In the recent years the college has witnessed some well known recruitment companies walking-in and being invited for campus placements.
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Our College provides separate hostel facilities for both Girls & Boys. Students are provided hygienic vegetarian and non-vegetarian food with purified drinking water supply. Cots are provided for benefit of the students. Strict Study hours are conducted by the hostel faculties in evening & morning hours. Students are provided with the sports materials during play hours after college hours in the evening. LCD TV is installed for entertainment in the weekends. Guest house and Staff Quarters are under construction. Internet lab is opened for the benefit of the hostel students after the college hours between 4.30 & 6PM.
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Islam and the art of wayang kulit, or shadow puppetry, have co-existed in Malaysia for centuries but in 1990 a new generation of political Islamists, influenced by the theology of Wahhabism, outlawed the tradition in its home state of Kelantan. Encounter travels to Kelantan to watch an illegal ritual performance of wayang kulit and to explore how the pluralist history of Islam in the region, embodied in this art form, has been challenged by global developments. But do the results of Malysia's recent elections suggest the influence of Wahhabism is now on the wane? And, paradoxically, could the successes of the Islamic Party, PAS, be a good sign for democracy and religious freedom in the country?
Sarah Kanowski: Welcome to Encounter on ABC Radio National, I'm Sarah Kanowski. Today we're making a journey into Malaysia, looking at its traditional culture and its contemporary experience of Islamic politics. Our starting-point is the north-eastern state of Kelantan, where we're on the road to see a ritual performance of shadow puppetry, driving through a tropical landscape dominated by the distinctive green and white flags of PAS, the Islamic Party of Malaysia.
Eddin Khoo: This is just the outskirts of Kota Bharu. People run small businesses in small towns. There are quite a few small towns before we get to our particular village.
Sarah Kanowski: And there's a lot of PAS flags.
Eddin Khoo: Yes, this is the heartland of PAS country. This is known as the Islamic heartland of the Malay Peninsula and the largest concentration of Malayan Muslim population in the peninsula.
Sarah Kanowski: And can you give us an idea of what we will be seeing tonight?
Eddin Khoo: We are attending the first night of a three-night performance of a ritual wayang kulit or shadow puppet performance, and tonight we will see the beginnings of the story which will be performed for four or five hours before we continue tomorrow and culminate on Wednesday with a conclusion of the story and a major cleansing ritual for the shadow puppeteer.
Sarah Kanowski: And what is the outline of the story?
Eddin Khoo: I'm not actually sure because I don't know what story they're going to perform. We'll know when get there.
Sarah Kanowski: Since 9/11 we've heard a lot about the supposed 'clash of civilisations' between Islam and the West, but what this program is exploring is the less talked-about, but perhaps much more significant 'clash of civilisations' happening within Islam, the competing and changing views held by Muslims over the proper relationship of faith to culture.
Nowhere are these tensions more acute than in our own neighbourhood. In Kelantan, the art form of wayang kulit or shadow puppetry, performed for hundreds of years by Malay Muslims but drawing on Hindu and animist traditions, has been outlawed by PAS as 'un-Islamic'. It is a ban which embodies the conflict Muslim communities are experiencing the world over, between a pluralist religious past and a purist political vision.
The writer Eddin Khoo is Director of the Pusaka Centre for the Study and Documentation of Traditional Performance in Malaysia. He explains why, as a Malaysian of Indian and Chinese heritage, he became involved with the art form of shadow puppetry.
Eddin Khoo: When I came back from studies in the UK in 1990, the issue of Muslim politics had reached a peak. The Islamic party found itself resurgent. It had a new ulema-led orthodoxy and it won the state of Kelantan on the platform of development through Islam, and that meant basically achieving the utopia of an Islamic state and the implementation of Sharia law, and they of course initiated a whole series of policies aimed at Islamising administration. Most strangely they issued this ban on all forms of traditional performance.
It was about that time that I began to work as a journalist. I got news that the Kelantan state government was doing this and I ventured up—a non-Kelantanese, non-Muslim, non-Malay—to attempt to record the lives of these performances and what these performances actually meant to the history of Kelantan and to the particular sensibility of the Malays. And that began a 17-year odyssey into the heart of Malayness, what I think Malayness means, and to attempt to fend off this very ideological politics that has been creeping in.
Sarah Kanowski: During the years Eddin Khoo has been working in Kelantan, politics in Malaysia and its intersection with religion has undergone a series of transformations. The most recent and most surprising shift came with the 2008 March elections. The Barisan National coalition, which has ruled the country since Independence in 1957, suffered the most significant losses of its history. Votes went instead to a new alliance, lead by the former Deputy Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim. I caught up with him in Kuala Lumpur, at a conference of his National Justice Party, to ask if he was as surprised as commentators by his alliance's historic electoral success.
Anwar Ibrahim: Well, most of my friends and colleagues were surprised, but I thought I was quite an exception because I was adamant in suggesting right from the beginning we could have easily denied them the two-third majority, inching very strongly and surely towards victory. But of course it was a pleasant surprise for everybody and I think it's time for Malaysia to change.
Sarah Kanowski: And are you positive about the different elements of the alliance being able to work together now in a constructive way, despite the ideological and religious differences?
Anwar Ibrahim: Yes, we are working in an impressive beginning. I chaired a few sessions with the key leaders, it's not just this expedient political arrangement but we actually had to thrash out major policy issues. And I think it's the correct approach, firstly is to consider Malaysia a multi-racial, multi-religious society, to be mindful of the sensitivities. If this is considered, I think we are on the right track.
Sarah Kanowski: It is this vision of a multi-religious and multi-ethnic body politic which marks a radical departure for Malaysia, rhetorically at least. The country is made up of ethnic Malays, who are Sunni Muslims; and large minorities of Indians, who are predominantly Hindu; and Chinese Malaysians, who practice various faiths. Historically, voting has strictly followed these sectarian and racial lines. But in the March elections Anwar Ibrahim broke this pattern by bringing together in one alliance the Malay Islamic Party, PAS; the secular, Chinese-dominated, Democrat Action Party; and his own centrist party.
This grouping was all the more remarkable given that government-backed religious persecution has been on the rise in Malaysia, including apostasy trials of Muslims, and the destruction of churches and temples. But critics question the long-term viability of an alliance built on such conflicting ideological positions, particularly given that PAS has previously advocated the creation of an Islamic state governed by Sharia law.
Khalid Jaafar is a Supreme Council member of Anwar Ibrahim's National Justice Party, and a prolific writer on politics and religion in Malaysia. He took a tea break from the party conference to explain why he believes the alliance of traditionally opposed religious groups is strengthening democracy in Malaysia, and fundamentally changing its practice of Islamic politics.
Khalid Jaafar: Some of these Hindus have been instrumental in sending PAS delegate candidates into the parliament, now PAS candidates have to reciprocate because these are the people that contributed to your victory. For example, here, nearby in Shah Alam, PAS contested where it is majority non-Malay, non-Muslim here, and she won. She won. No one would believe this thing could happen in Malaysia. This happened.
Sarah Kanowski: So it was Hindus voting for an Islamic Party delegate?
Khalid Jaafar: Yes, and the Chinese voting for Islamic Party candidate and won. Strong majority, it was a convincing victory. Now PAS is forced into engaging these people because in a way they are indebted to their support. This is an interesting thing, you are seeing the trend of a very positive, very strong democratisation of people with religious persuasion. Because the Islamists have to navigate themselves with the people, they have to modify sometimes their position with the reality on the ground.
Eddin Khoo: As far as Malaysia is concerned I think one of the major achievements following the elections has been the willingness of the Islamic Party of Malaysia to negotiate a form of Muslim politics that has less to do with issues of the Islamic state, which has never been clearly defined anyway in Islamic history, or issues of implementing Sharia law, and really talking about Islam within a broader context of a corrupt-free politics, of a fair and equal and just administration. Also about an Islam that is receptive to changes in the world, that is moderate in its ability to work with and deal with non-Muslims, for example.
PAS, the Islamic Party of Malaysia, they have a PAS supporters club which is made up of mainly non-Muslims and non-Malays, and this is growing in number because they have been very willing to go out there and engage non-Muslims. They are, for example, willing to hold discussions, inter-religious discussions, in a church. They came out very strongly and vociferously when the government was banning bibles and put all kinds of restrictions on Christians, they came out very strongly in defence of Christian rights.
What is also very interesting is that the Islamic Party over the past few years has drawn a very moderate and progressive and professional faction who have attempted to alter the practice of Muslim politics, and for a long time they were challenged by the more conservative orthodox ulema generation of leaders, and it seems now that they have prevailed. If they have prevailed and they can push through their mandate on the party, we're going to see a form and style of Islamic politics that's going to be very different and one that can prove a model for Muslim movements around the world.
Sarah Kanowski: The Deputy President of PAS, Nasharuddin Mat Isa, is an example of this new kind of Islamic politician. I met him at the PAS headquarters, located in KL's Red Light district (and more on the significance of that later), to ask about his Islamic Party's new relationship with non-Malay, non-Muslim voters.
Nasharuddin: Unless we talk to this non-Malay, non-Muslim community, we will not be relevant. So in order to make ourselves relevant to the Malaysian political landscape it has to be talking and getting the support from all the ethnic that you see in Malaysia. You just can't depend on the Malay. I was in Johor, the southern part of Malaysia, yesterday, and there were two programs organised and the main audience were Indians.
Sarah Kanowski: It might be seen that one of the obstacles for non-Muslims to supporting PAS is that in the past PAS has advocated the establishment of an Islamic state and Sharia law. Is that still part of the PAS platform?
Nasharuddin: My concentration now is more on the substance rather than the form, so that is why we could see very clearly that the term, for example, 'Islamic state', is not being applied for this election. We came up with a manifesto of a nation of care and services, and the contents of the manifesto covers the community, whatever your ethnic background is.
Sarah Kanowski: Is there still a strong element within PAS that does believe that the right thing to do in Malaysia is to create an Islamic state?
Nasharuddin: Well, the right thing for us to do as far as Malaysia is concerned is to apply the universal values of Islam and at the same time not to give an impression of as though we are imposing Islam. It is very clearly stated in the Koranic teaching of Islam is that there's no compulsion in religion, but wherever there is universal values that could be applied, that will be our concentration now and that will be our priority now. We are talking about a nation that is to be developed, should be free from corruption. Anti-corruption is a teaching in Islam, so we will concentrate on that. Abuse of power, it is...again, in Islamic teaching, it's against any other religion, so that will be very high in our agenda. So moving forward will be concentration of universal values which could be accepted by different communities, different ethnics here in Malaysia, but at the same time not losing our Muslim and Islamic identity.
Sarah Kanowski: The transformation of PAS into a party calling for the creation of a welfare rather than an Islamic state is the latest development in its intriguing political history. It's also a salutary reminder that Islamic political parties can be much more adaptive to their surrounding social environments than is commonly recognised by commentators in the West.
Writer and political journalist, Eddin Khoo.
Eddin Khoo: I think there are three distinct phases in the evolution of the Islamic Party of Malaysia. The Islamic Party of Malaysia started out not principally as a religious party. They did not call for an Islamic state, they did not call for the imposition of Sharia law, they were essentially a Malay nationalist party fighting for greater Malay rights, fighting for the revitalisation of a community that they believed were marginalised under colonialism, and that lasted well into the 70s.
By the 70s we began to see them responding to more global movements, global movements who were despairing of nationalism. You saw Arab nationalism defeated, literally. People like Nasser calling for secular nationalist politics had been overthrown, and the appeal of then a global Islamic movement, which culminated in the Iranian revolution of course, had a great deal of appeal to people who believed that their initial ideal of nationalism had been defeated.
The Iranian revolution did a very interesting thing. Initially it inspired the majority of the Muslim world, until the majority of the Muslim world who were Sunnis discovered that this was a Shia revolution. It's something that the West doesn't seem to be able to understand, even today, they keep pointing to the Iranian revolution as being the hallmark of Muslim politics. It is not. What it is, it spinned off a different kind of politics. It caused a great deal of anxiety among Sunni Muslims who then turned to Saudi Arabia (who practices a kind of puritanical Wahhabi Islam) for resources in an attempt to fend off the influence of Shia Khomeinism.
What this helped introduce of course was the building of schools and madrasahs of a Saudi Arabian variety, the publication of books and learning material from Saudi Arabia, and the exportation not of Sunni Islam but of Wahhabi thinking. This meant a complete redefinition of what it meant to be Muslim in places like Malaysia, in places like Indonesia where the practice and historical experience of Islam has always been pluralist and very accommodating. Southeast Asia is very interesting in that its cultural foundation has always been diverse.
Sarah Kanowski: To discover more about the pluralist history of Islam in the region I met with Osman Bakar, a professor at the Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation at the International Islamic University of Malaysia.
Osman Bakar: According to historical records, the presence of Islam has been dated as far back as the 9th century, and most of these people who came to this part of the world in Southeast Asia were traders, both from the Middle East, mainly from Yemen, but also from the east, from China, because Islam hasn't been around in China much earlier than that. Of course Islam did not establish itself as a state until the 13th century. The first Islamic state was in what we now call Aceh. Since then Islam has spread to various parts, including as far east as the southern Philippines and of course to the island of Java and other parts of the archipelago.
There were two main factors which contributed to the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia. One was trade and the other factor is Sufism. Sufism may be explained as that dimension of Islam which emphasises spiritual life, devotion to God, so Sufism played a very important role for several centuries. In fact, some scholars consider Sufism to be the most important reason for the spread of Islam in this part of the world, and therefore we see that Southeast Asia had a different kind of historical experience. Islam did not spread by the sword but rather through example, through the peaceful teaching of the various Muslim scholars and traders.
Sarah Kanowski: So that history of Islam in the region, that it came through peaceful conversion and it came through a kind of religious experience that focused on the spiritual and on the experiential, has that had a long-term influence on the kind of Islam that is practiced in Malaysia?
Osman Bakar: I believe so. I think the kind of Islam that was emphasised by the early propagators of Islam had impact on the minds of the Malay Indonesians. It was not through revolution, not through upheaval, but slowly in an evolutionary way. As an example, Java, the biggest island in Indonesia, took 400 years to become a Muslim majority island. That shows how slow the process as been. And then I think because Sufism has a very, very positive attitudes towards pre-Islamic traditions, customs, culture, so you see the arrival of Islam in this part of the world did not destroy the indigenous culture. It is only during the modern period when the influence of the Wahhabi version of Islam coming from Saudi Arabia and so on which tends to reject pre-Islamic culture and tradition.
Sarah Kanowski: Many Malaysian Muslims resent the impact Wahhabist Islam has had on the unique culture created by their country's syncretic religious history embodied in the art form of shadow puppetry with its blending of Islamic, Hindu and animist traditions.
Zainah Anwar was the founding director of Sisters in Islam, an NGO that lobbies for women's rights and freedom of religion.
Zainah Anwar: We've not had a history of segregation between men and women in Malaysia. When you walk the streets of Kuala Lumpur or even in Kota Bharu, even in the east coast states and the more conservative states and you compare this to some south Asian countries or Arab countries where you don't see women comfortably walking in the streets, in Malaysia women are in the streets in the daytime, women are in the streets at night, women are in the clubs, women are in the restaurants, we just never, never had a history of segregation. Women had all this access to the public space.
And then when this whole new Islam came, with Islamic revivalism, this political Islam came to Malaysia beginning in the 1970s and really getting more and more radical in the 80s, and certainly we're being told that this is all un-Islamic, that this Jahiliyyah Islam. 'Jahiliyyah' is the 'age of ignorance' before the coming of Islam. So yes, we are Muslims but we were practicing Jahiliyyah Islam, ignorant Islam, therefore we now must be true authentic Muslims, which means women must cover up, there has to be segregation between men and women, cultural performances...basically anything that predates Islam is un-Islamic, is Jahiliyyah.
So this is why I think within the context of Malaysia where we've had a tradition of a very open, kind, tolerant, progressive, Islam, a Malaysia that for hundreds of years had celebrated diversity, had welcomed diversity, as it was open to Buddhist and Hindu influence in the early centuries to Islam. So all these foreign influences that came to our shores was this incredible marketplace of cultures and ideas and nobody saw it as a threat. This is our history and this is our heritage, and I really feel that we are being threatened by the kind of intolerant, misogynistic Islam, pushed by the political Islamists, influenced by the politics of the Middle East that is really not our politics, that is not our experience.
I mean, you're telling me my mother is going to burn in hell because she did not cover her head? It's just unacceptable and unbelievable to me, but suddenly this new language and new values of what is acceptable and everything must be held up to an Islam as defined by these intolerant people. That is not the Islam I grew up with and that is not the God I grew up with and that is not the God that I understand and I believe in. I really truly believe in a God that is compassionate, that is kind, that is merciful. I cannot accept this God that is cruel, that is punitive. That is not God, that is human beings who have a political agenda, who define God in order to serve their political purposes, that can't be God!
Eddin Khoo: Malaysia was never a secular society because religious identity was, from the very beginning of our independence and even prior to that...people never viewed themselves as a secular body politic or a secular individual. So the aspect of religion has always had an important role in the way it defined the identity of the citizenry in this country. What has troubled me over the past 30 years is a concentration of the politicisation of religion, especially in terms of how much we've come to compromise in terms of our historical sense, our historical consciousness. There's been a great deal of revisionism in the form of racial and religious politics and there's a sense of a loss of self that has been dominant over the past 30 years. The work I've been doing in Kelantan trying to revitalise traditional performance is an attempt to battle this trend and to give people a sense of openness and a sense of claim towards what is the very complex but authentic sense of the past, history and of who they are.
Sarah Kanowski: We're back now in Kelantan, in the far north-east of the country, driving past roadside noodle stalls and concrete mosques, heading into the tropical jungle to see a village performance of shadow puppetry, an art form which is currently outlawed by the state's ruling Islamic Party, PAS.
Behind the wheel is the writer Eddin Khoo, who also runs Pusaka, a research and advocacy group for traditional performance arts.
Eddin Khoo: I started this work in this area with one of the principal or leading shadow puppeteers in the country, a very traditional puppeteer who has passed away now unfortunately.
Sarah Kanowski: And that was Pak Dollah ?
Eddin Khoo: Yes, Pak Dollah Baju Merah, or Abdullah of the Red Shirt. He was famous for wearing a red shirt during performances and that's what he came to be known as. His house was in there.
Sarah Kanowski: Heading for the third night of the wayang performance...what's happened so far?
Eddin Khoo: On the first day we basically had the opening of the story, when they introduce the story, they introduce the characters, and there is a ritual which is called the consecration of the stage, which involves Muslim prayers and then invocations to various spirits. Then they begin the story, and they are performing an episode from the Ramayana which features the ladies in waiting of Sita Devi who are attempting to bring a message from her to Rama, the protagonist, and that story continues and is performed over three nights.
At the end of the three nights we have about two hours of ritual cleansing for the puppeteer which involves trance sessions and blessings and offerings of various kinds. traditional theatre here is very much rooted in two concepts; one of 'wind' which can be translated as 'mood' or 'temperament' or 'passion', and 'spirit' or 'semangat', and these things are interrelated and it's very important for you to revitalise your wind in order for you to have a sense of balance in your spirit. So performances are of course very energetic and performers really set themselves free and allow all kinds of expressions that they would not be able to outside of the stage context.
Sarah Kanowski: During a break in the performance I met the dalang, or puppeteer, who with extraordinary skill wields dozens of intricate shadow puppets, and gives each its own voice; war-like, tragic or comic.
The crowd of men, women and children who had been sitting on the grass in front of the tiny stage, transfixed by its magical parade of shadow forms, milled about laughing and chatting, all the women in brightly coloured headscarves, the teenage boys showing off on their motorcycles, and the kids munching on cobs of corn bought from the food stalls that had sprung up around the stage.
Through Eddin, I asked the puppeteer and his chief musician about the meaning of the ceremony that was to follow the night's performance.
Eddin Khoo: [translating for puppeteer] They have to do this ritual every year because they are performing something that they regard as sacred and ancestral and comes with tradition. So if they don't perform it the spirits of the puppets will haunt them and basically ask them, 'Why are you not fulfilling our needs?' And if they don't do it they will fall sick, so basically they're doing this for their own betterment and wellbeing.
Sarah Kanowski: And why did they want to perform?
Eddin Khoo: [translating for puppeteer] He says their blood is the blood of art. So this is a bequest, something that is brought down, passed down from generation to generation. So they love it but they're also responsible for it.
Sarah Kanowski: I wonder if they could say something about their experience of performance, what it feels like? From the outside it looks very exhausting, energetic. What is the feeling like for them when they perform?
Eddin Khoo: [translating for puppeteer and chief musician] He says no, he doesn't feel tired at all. In fact there's a great deal of passion involved and the wind begins to flow and the spirit gets very strong. It's only when you're not able to play that you feel a great desire, you begin to feel depressed and you begin to feel that you are not doing what it is that you're supposed to be doing.
Sarah Kanowski: The freedom of these performers to practice their art has been severely restricted since the Islamic Party in Kelantan outlawed all forms of traditional performance in 1990. Although the bans have been loosened in recent years it is still illegal for puppeteers to gain an income from their art or to tell the traditional stories, drawn from the Indian Ramayana. On the nights I witnessed the puppeteer's extraordinary performance, he was breaking the law.
The reasons for the ban are varied but they centre around anxiety over religious purity, a reaction against Malaysia's pluralist past. Although generations of Muslims have performed the shadow plays, modern Islamic authorities are uncomfortable with the Hindu and animistic roots of this art form.
I asked Nasharuddin Mat Isa, Deputy President of PAS and member of parliament for Kelantan, why his party had outlawed shadow puppetry, especially when it went to March's federal elections with a promise to protect religious freedom.
Nasharuddin: You know, this is a state of about 90%-plus Muslims, very much a stronghold of Islam. Things which are related to religion and belief, that we can't impose on a non-Muslim community, but methods which are related to security in the society, moral decadence, this we will try to ensure that it will not spread in the society, especially that very traditional Malay society in Kelantan. You can feel the difference in Kelantan, I'm sure, comparing here in KL. Go down to Bachok in my area, for example, go down to Pasir Puteh, go down to the real traditional Malay village, there you can see it is totally different. So this should not be disturbed by foreign kinds of influences which is going to damage the basic social structure.
Sarah Kanowski: The frustration for those working to preserve the art form of shadow puppetry is that centuries of foreign influence—Indian, Chinese, Yemeni, Indonesian, Thai—are precisely what has created the unique Muslim culture of Kelantan.
For Professor Osman Bakar, the refusal of fellow Muslims, like the PAS party leaders, to appreciate the complexity of their shared religious heritage is part of a larger conflict within Islam.
Osman Bakar: In order to understand this we have to understand that Islam has two dimensions. One is the dimension of Sharia, the dimension of law. The other one is the dimension of the spiritual path, the spiritual power, the emphasis on the spiritual life, devotion of God, emphasis on one's relationship with God.
There are many young Muslims today who identify Islam just with the law and this is quite a concern. So it's a question here of interpretation of Islam, the relationship between law and theology, the question now whether Muslims want to maintain the inner link between law and theology. There's more than just law, there's something else.
If you want to look within Islam, which dimension within Islam is going to help the Muslims deal with the problems of pluralism, multiculturalism and so on? It's not just the law, it's not the Sharia approach, but the Sufi approach, the philosophical approach.
Sarah Kanowski: It's interesting too, Osman, when you were describing the shadow play in Kelantan, I got the impression that they're not simply harmless. You actually see them as beneficial or inspiring to your faith in some way. Is that true?
Osman Bakar: Yes.
Sarah Kanowski: In what way?
Osman Bakar: That's right. When Islam came to this part of the world, the ulema, the Sufi ulema in particular, defended this art. They look at shadow play as that art which is a medium for spiritual education. Shadow play was regarded as a means of educating Muslims to be closer to God. A lot of spiritual lessons can be conveyed to the ordinary people through this art.
Sarah Kanowski: And this again fits with your interest in the spiritual dimension of religion rather than simply the legalistic, that stories are a way of connecting perhaps more immediately with our spiritual dimension rather than the logical legalistic side of ourselves.
Osman Bakar: Yes, it is certainly so. I would defend the art just on the argument that this art provides us Muslims with excellent opportunities to explain the Islamic world view because each art has been created for a spiritual reason. This is what the literalists and legalists do not appreciate.
Sarah Kanowski: Osman Bakar is one of many Malaysians, from all religious backgrounds, who are keen to reconnect with their country's rich cultural heritage and who believe it has much to offer contemporary Malaysia.
I wasn't the only outsider attending the ritual performance of shadow puppetry in Kelantan. On the final night, we were joined by a Chinese-Malaysian arts journalist from Kuala Lumpur, and by a young Malay writer who had trained in Sharia law in Jordon but who was highly critical of the Islamic Party bans.
Despite censorship of the mainstream media, there is a vigorous public debate in Malaysia about issues of religious freedom and national identity and it's a conversation that happens across the blogosphere and in the arts.
Jo Kukathas: My name is Jo Kukathas, I run a theatre company called the Instant Café Theatre Company which is best known for its political satire. But I've been very interested for a long time in traditional performing arts, trying to see what is the intersection with traditional performing arts and contemporary performing arts.
Sarah Kanowski: And in that you've gone and witnessed the shadow puppetry performances in Kelantan. What have been your impressions of them?
Jo Kukathas: I think the thing that struck me more than anything was just the aliveness of the people performing and how connected they were to their society. And theatre is supposed to be that, theatre is supposed to be something where...it's not something exotic, it's not something imported, it's something which speaks to who you are and the crisis and crises that you are currently having, which can be existential crises, it's not necessarily simply issues of identity but your very deep identity as a human being. I think what I saw there was people who go beyond politics to a very spiritual understanding of human nature.
Sarah Kanowski: Eddin Khoo is confident that the tradition of shadow puppetry is so deeply rooted in Kelantanese society that it will survive the religious bans. But he argues the attempt to outlaw this traditional art is symptomatic of a much deeper cultural disorder.
Eddin Khoo: It is my hope that this kind of legislation will be done away with altogether because in essence it is foolish. I will not press for it though because I don't think that's the point. The point is a greater awareness and a greater cognisance...not of the art forms necessarily but what the art forms encapsulate. This has always been part of the bigger problem of working in the Kelantan traditional performance, conveying the broader history beyond that, conveying the broader experience for all Malaysians that goes beyond the song and dance of a performance. It encapsulates a particular sensibility, a sensibility of a culture.
Sarah Kanowski: And how does the traditional theatre do that? How does it speak to those questions about history and identity?
Eddin Khoo: It encapsulates the past. It imparts particular kinds of values, but not moralistic values. As my shadow puppet teacher used to say; 'What is wayang? Wayang is about complexity, it's about how difficult the world is and how you've constantly got to negotiate things.' If you look at the characters of wayang, for example, there is no real good and evil. There is good and evil and there is a great grey area in between which is constantly negotiated.
A shadow puppet performance can go on for days and days, months sometimes, in the completion of a story, and it's about tragedy, it's about love, it's about faith, it's about conflict, it's about war, everything that an epic encapsulates. And what traditional theatre provides, of course, are the psychological tools to deal with these things. I always insist that whether through confluence of conflict, all cultures are bastardised, and this is our greatest strength. But over the past 50 years or so we've come up with very rigid ways of approaching issues of culture and history and identity, preferring categories to chaos.
Sarah Kanowski: It may be that Malaysia's chaotic demography offers the country its greatest hope for recovering a sense of cultural and religious complexity. Many commentators see the reorientation PAS went through in the lead up to the 2008 elections as indicating that the Wahhabist influence on Islamist politics in Malaysia is now waning, defeated by the realities of the nation's mixed Malay, Indian and Chinese citizenry.
Here's Nasharuddin, speaking from the PAS party headquarters in KL's Red Light district, on the relationship of PAS to Islamic parties elsewhere in the world.
Nasharuddin: We don't see any model that we could copy because the demography here is totally different. There are some organisations, Islamic parties, that we are in contact with; we've got friends in Pakistan, we've got friends in Iran, we've got friends in the Middle East, but the demography is different. In Pakistan you're talking about Islamic organisations working within the community of 100% Muslims sharing one culture, one language, it's not much of a problem. But we come back to Malaysia, you are taking about three main different languages, three main different beliefs and religion, different culture, so there is no model that I could copy, there is no model that I could look into from the Muslim community in as far as applying Islam is concerned. It has to be a model made in Malaysia.
Sarah Kanowski: What about any dangers or warnings or problems that you note in Islamic parties or governments elsewhere in the world? Can it offer as a negative model perhaps?
Nasharuddin: When Islam is being interpreted without really understanding the purpose of the religion, without understanding the demography of the society, without understanding the sensitiveness in the society, that is where the danger is going to come. For example, here in Kuala Lumpur, what was the reason when we brought in our office here? This is the Red Light district here, so people were questioning, 'Why in the world do you bring your office there?' Islam should not be put at one corner of the world. So this effort of bringing this office here is trying to be in the society. We distribute free food, for example, every Friday here, and the numbers keep on increasing. And it's been the talk of the town, at least in this area, 'PAS is giving free food.' So getting ourselves close to the people is more on the agenda now, rather than talking about huge bombastic words of...you know, things which is just not realistic. So we are now trying to be more realistic into the society.
Sarah Kanowski: Whether or not PAS will succeed in this new incarnation depends to a significant extent on how well Anwar Ibrahim can maintain his disparate political alliance. Anwar was a key figure in the highly influential Muslim Youth Movement of the 1970s and his Islamic credentials make him an attractive figure for PAS leaders, but it is precisely this background that makes other more religiously liberal Malaysians concerned about Anwar Ibrahim's aptitude for the task ahead.
Muslim human rights activist, Zainah Anwar, speaking from the offices of the NGO, Sisters in Islam.
Zainah Anwar: You know, in terms of the rhetoric, I find little fault in terms of his rhetoric on Islam, his rhetoric on democracy, his rhetoric on human rights. I haven't heard rhetoric on women's rights. So in terms of rhetoric certainly he is successfully presenting himself as a democrat, but I still want to see that rhetoric translated into deeds, in action, and I will judge him by his deeds and by his action. So the jury is still out for me on whether he has really transformed into the democrat that he says he is, because there are many, many complex issues that are going to emerge.
The easy thing would be on corruption in terms of...everyone is agreeable. All these abuses by past state governments, let's expose them, let's demand for accountability. That is the easy thing. Everybody will applaud you, it's easy to get agreement. The more challenging policy-making and decision-making will be on matter of Islam, and there are so many issues that are burning that this government has to deal with. These are not easy issues, these are contentious issues, the ideologies are very clear, and whether Anwar Ibrahim can really push them towards the democratic position that recognises democratic rights, that recognises human rights and that apply to Muslims as well.
Human rights and democracy is not for non-Muslims alone, they do not have the monopoly on human rights and democracy. Muslims do want democracy, Muslims do want human rights, and there are many, many Muslims who believe that there is nothing incompatible between Islam and democracy and Islam and human rights. So if Anwar Ibrahim can deliver that and really can push the Muslim constituency in this country towards recognising the compatibility between Islam and human rights and Islam and democracy, then the future will be his.
Sarah Kanowski: For Eddin Khoo, the political and cultural future of his country depends upon its ability to really make peace with its pluralist past, which is the real challenge for fundamentalists of all stripes, and not only in Malaysia.
Eddin Khoo: The literalist Muslims and what I would call now the fundamental secularists are basically two sides of the same coin. And what do they both propagate? They both propagate a simplistic world, black and white, us and them. Muslim history is replete with complex interactions, which Muslims of all persuasions constantly extol. The experience of Andalusia, for example, the experience of India under the Mughals. The problem in instances like this is you mythologise a certain aspect of your past without learning from its example. You know, if you look at Andalusia, a great civilisation. Why a great civilisation? Because of the culture of openness. So on the one hand you extol its culture but you are so frightened to practice it again and to see the reflowing of Muslim civilisation that is able, once again, to emulate the models of the past.
Sarah Kanowski: You've been listening to 'Shadowlands', an Encounter on ABC Radio National. I'm Sarah Kanowski.
Thank you to all who contributed to the program, especially Eddin Khoo and the Pusaka Centre for the Study and Documentation of Traditional Performance in Malaysia.
Technical production on today's Encounter was by Judy Rapley.
Encounter would also like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the Australian Government's Australia Malaysia Institute in the making of this program.
- Producer
- Sarah Kanowski


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West Coast Ports Search for Leadership
Long Beach and Los Angeles are still without executive directors. Seattle is about to lose one, too.
Long Beach and Los Angeles are still without executive directors. Seattle is about to lose one, too.
Read more in Logistics Management
About the AuthorPatrick Burnson, Executive Editor Patrick Burnson is executive editor for Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management Review magazines and web sites. Patrick is a widely-published writer and editor who has spent most of his career covering international trade, global logistics, and supply chain management. He lives and works in San Francisco, providing readers with a Pacific Rim perspective on industry trends and forecasts. You can reach him directly at [email protected]
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Dear Charlie, Dan, and list,
I'm interested in a Surflan/Treflan amateur experiment. Charles mentioned something about availability of a premixed solution from Indiana Bob as well as a preferred concentration level that might be useful for Hosta. I presume this stuff can be shipped UPS, with proper packaging? A plastic bottle about the size of an IsoPropyl Alcohol bottle tightly wrapped in bubble wrap should suffice?
So Dan, if you want to sell, trade, or gift me a few ounces, let me know. Sorry I missed the call to the elves, but Lu knows lots of fairies who might be able to put in a good word for me.
And Charles, if you have info on availability and pricing from Indiana Bob, please advise. In my voluminous spare time, I am planning to start two experiments this spring -- one with lighting (Metal Halide vs. Standard Flourescents for growing on seedlings) and one to attempt ploidy conversion. I harvested right at 27 crosses which set seed from last year's efforts. I expect to spend New Year's day getting the shelving set to start these, and squaring away my lighting for testing growth rates.
It's time to plant seed!
Andrew in Des Moines
-----Original Message-----
From: "Lu & Dan Nelson" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Sent: Monday, December 27, 2004 2:34 PM
To: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Subject: Re: Treflan seedling experiment
Hey Charlie,
I noticed you reported your 'lethal dose' rate is 5%. I remember reading
that some experimenters were aiming at a rate of LD50 using Surflan.
A rate of LD50 sure would thin your seedlings. Another thing it would do is
assure that the survivors really got a dose that might 'rock their
chromosomes a bit.
I'm willing to bet this is old news to you I just want to toss it out there.
I've got 2 gallons of Surflan out in the pesticide shed but all I've ever
used it for is pre-emergent weed control. I gave a pint to Jim Hawes 4 or 5
years ago in a plastic milk bottle. I hate to think what happened to that
stuff because I know he didn't use it all.
Good luck with your Treflan experiments.
Dan and Lu Nelson
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Get your own family web site at www.MyFamily.com!
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