text:
Trams in Kolkata
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|Transit type
|Number of lines
|25 routes (as of 2012)[1]
|Began operation
|Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC)
|Number of vehicles
|257 trams (125 in operation)[3]
|Track gauge
|Standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)[2]
|550 V DC overhead lines
The Kolkata tram is a tram system in Kolkata, India, run by the Calcutta Tramways Company (CTC). It is currently the only operating tram network in India[4] and the oldest operating electric tram in Asia, running since 1902.[5]
An attempt was made in 1873 to run a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) tramway service between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February. The service was not adequately patronised, and was discontinued on 20 November. In 1880, the Calcutta Tramway Co. Ltd was formed and registered in London on 22 December. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by the Viceroy, Lord Ripon, on 1 November. Steam locomotives were deployed experimentally in 1882 to haul tram cars. By the end of the nineteenth century the company owned 166 tram cars, 1000 horses, seven steam locomotives and 19 miles of tram tracks. During 1900, Electrification of the tramway, and reconstruction of tracks to 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) began to happen.[2] The first electric tramcar in Asia ran in 1902 from Esplanade to Kidderpore on 27 March, and on 14 June from Esplanade to Kalighat.[citation needed] The Kalighat line was extended during 1903 to Tollygunge, the Esplanade line to Belgachhia (via Bidhan Sarani, Shyambazar), and the Esplanade to Shialdaha route (via Binay Badal Dinesh Bag, Rajib Gandhi Sarani and [present] Mahatma Gandhi Road) opened.[citation needed]
Esplanade to Bagbazar route through College Street opened in 1904.[citation needed] During 1905, Howrah Station to Bandhaghat route was opened to trams in June. Electrification project completed. Bowbazar Junction to Binay Badal Dinesh Bag, Ahiritola Junction to Hatibagan Junction routes opened during 1906.[citation needed] Lines to Shibpur via G.T. Road were prepared in 1908. Esplanade to Shialdaha station via Moula Ali Junction, Moula Ali Junction to Nonapukur, Wattganj Junction to J.Das Park Junction (via Alipur), Mominpur Junction to Behala routes opened. Sealdah Station to Rajabazar route opened during 1910. Mirzapur Junction to Bowbazar Junction and Shialdaha Station to Lebutala Junction routes opened during 1915. In 1920 the Strand Road Junction to High Court route opened. S.C.Mallik Square Junction to Park Circus route (via Royd Street, Nonapukur) opened during 1923. The Barhabazar Junction to Nimtala route opened in 1925. During 1928, the Kalighat to Baliganj route opened. The Park Circus line extended to Garhiahat Junction in 1930. The Rajabazar line extended to Galiff Street during 1941.[citation needed] The Calcutta system was well connected during 1943 with the Howrah section through the new Howrah Bridge in February. With this extension, the total track length reached 42.0 miles (67.59 km).[2]
During 1951, the government of West Bengal entered into an agreement with the Calcutta Tramways Company, and the Calcutta Tramways Act of 1951 was enacted. The government assumed all rights regarding the Tramways, and reserved the right to purchase the system (with two years' notice) on 1 January 1972 or any time thereafter. The Government of West Bengal passed the Calcutta Tramways Company (Taking Over of Management) Act and assumed management on 19 July 1967. On 8 November 1976 the Calcutta Tramways (Acquisition of Undertaking) ordinance was promulgated, under which the company (and its assets) united with the government.[2] The Howrah sections were closed in October; the 1971/1973 Nimtala route was closed down in May 1973, and realignment of the Howrah Station terminus occurred. Total track length was now reduced to 38 miles (61.2 km).[2] Tram tracks on Bentinck Street and Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay Road closed during 1980 for construction of the Kolkata metro; following construction, these stretches were not reopened. Overhead wires were present until 1994 on Bentinck Street. Tracks on Jawaharlal Nehru Road remained after realignment, making a new terminus at Birla Planetarium; the Birla Planetarium route closed in 1991.[citation needed] An overpass was constructed on that road in 2006.[citation needed] The Sealdah Station terminus (along with the Sealdaha – Lebutala stretch on Bipin Bihari Gangopadhyay Street) closed for construction of a flyover in 1982. The site is now occupied by Sealdah Court and a bus terminal.[citation needed] On 17 April 1985, tracks were extended connecting Manicktola to Ultadanga via Manicktola Main road and C. I. T. Road 3.7 km (2.30 mi). This was the first Tramways extension since 1947.[2]
On 31 December 1986, further extension of tram tracks from Behala to Joka was completed.[2] In 1993, the Howrah Station terminus closed and tram tracks removed on Howrah Bridge; the cantilever bridge proved too weak for trams.[citation needed] All routes terminated there were shortened to the Barhabazar (Howrah Bridge) terminus (formerly Barhabazar Junction).[citation needed] The High Court terminus closed for reconstruction of Strand Road in 1995. Rails and wires were removed from there and from Strand Road, Hare Street and Shahid Kshudiram Basu Road.[citation needed] The site is now occupied by the newest building of the Kolkata High Court. During 2004, the Garhiahat Depot – Garhiahat Junction link on Gariahat Road closed for construction of the Gariahat overpass.[citation needed] The Mominpur – Behala stretch on Diamond Harbour Road closed in 2006 for construction of an overpass at Taratala. Initially, there was a plan to route tracks on that flyover after its completion, but the road was later converted to a National Highway and the plan dismissed.[6]
During 2007, the Wattgunge Junction – Mominpur Diamond Harbour Road, Mominpur – Jatin Das Park Judges Court Road, Jatin Das Park – Kalighat Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Road routes temporarily closed for reconstruction.[citation needed] The Galiff Street terminus was realigned during 2008.[citation needed] Irregular service from Bagbazar to Galiff Street converted to regular by Route 7/12.[citation needed] Rails and wires removed from part of Bidhan Sarani route (restored by end of year). The Tracks on R. G. Kar Road from Shyambazar five-point crossing to Belgatchia tram depot temporarily closed down for reconstruction during 2009.[citation needed] During 2011, the Joka-Behala stretch and Behala depot closed down for construction of the Joka-BBD Bag metro project[7] while the Ballygunj-Kalighat stretch and Lalbazar-Mirjapur down line closed for reconstruction.[citation needed] On 10 October 2013, the Tollygunge-Esplanade tram route reopened after it was closed for seven years when the route was concretised.[8][9] On 30 September 2014, a tram functioning as a museum opened to the public and displays the history of the tram system.[10] However, despite the attempts to preserve the system, there are plans by the state government to gradually phase out the tram system due to criticisms that the trams occupy too much road space, slow down other road vehicles due to their slow pace and carry too few passengers.[11]
Tram routes[edit]
For closed routes, see the latest Kolkata tram map on right.
CTC owns 257 trams, of which 125 trams are running on the streets of Kolkata on a daily basis.[3] The cars are single-deck articulated cars and can carry 200 passengers (60 seated).
The early horse-drawn cars were imported from England, as were the steel tram cars manufactured before 1952. Until then, most Kolkata tram cars were bought from the English Electric Company and Dick, Kerr & Co.[citation needed] After 1952, the cars were built in India.[citation needed]
Rolling stock experiments[edit]
The introductory rolling stock was single-coach, like at the time, in other Indian cities (Delhi, Bombay, Madras and Kanpur), because the new mode of transport was experimental. Since it gained popularity quickly, another coach was attached some years later (as in Mumbai), which is now standard.[citation needed] Double decker trams (like Mumbai's) were never yet used in Kolkata. Triple-coach trams were unsuccessfully tried. Single-coach trams were used on the Shibpur line until its closure in 1970.[citation needed]
Earlier stock was of the SLT type. It was double-coach with three doors, four wheels under each coach and no wheels between coaches. SLT trams had no front iron net, but had a front-coach trolley pole. The both-end type had a front iron net and a rear-coach trolley pole. SLTs were the first double-coach trams, introduced only on the Kolkata side of the Hooghly River (not on the Howrah side).[citation needed] They were gradually replaced by articulated trams on all routes. The SLC type was introduced much later on the Bandhaghat line, and continued until its closure in 1971; after that, SLC trams began running on the G/H and T/G lines on the Kolkata side. Articulated trams were in use until 1989.[citation needed]
There are several types of rolling stock:
- Old SLC Type – The first double-coach tram with wheels between the coaches, manufactured at the Nonapukur workshop. It is sometimes called an 'elephant car' by the CTC; its cab and back side is narrow and slightly slanted forward, like the head of an elephant without the trunk. It was introduced as a higher-speed tram with an improved engine, designed to run on express routes such as Galiff Street, Baliganj, Tollyganj, Behala and Khidirpur. It was longer than an articulated tram, and was the first tram with a cab door. Although now fewer in number, SLC trams are still running (mainly on south Kolkata routes). One tram was modified with glass in front, and another with many lighted signs (making it resemble a moving billboard).[citation needed]
- SLC Type – This modified variation has a pivot, and is less stylish than articulated trams; it is also manufactured at Nonapukur. The only difference is that its front and back are straight, not slanted. It was also introduced as a higher-speed tram, with an improved engine, designed to run on express routes. Later, this type enjoyed more general use. "Modi-SLCs" are still in use, except on the Bidhannagar line due to its steep incline under the Kankurgachi rail bridge. Three cars are still used as water cars.[citation needed]
- Articulated SLC Type – This is a slightly less-stylish variation of the articulated tram, also manufactured at Nonapukur. The only difference is that its front and back are overhanging, and narrow towards the ends. It also had an improved engine, but was suitable for local routes. Later, this type was also used on express routes. Some early cars were well-maintained, and these are also still in use.[citation needed]
- Renovated SLC Type – After many years of SLC and articulated trams a new type of rolling stock arrived in Kolkata, made by Burn Standard India Limited. It is stronger, heavier and faster than earlier designs. A result of the decision around 1982 to continue tram service, it changed the image of Kolkata trams. The improved stock began running throughout the city network on all routes. Some trams were partly modified with front glass; two were modified to resemble Melbourne's B-class trams, with fluorescent lights, back glass and double ends. These are the most common trams in Kolkata.[citation needed]
- New Cars – Before the introduction of the single-coach tram in December 2012, this was the last new rolling stock, built by Jessop India Limited and a variation of the pivot type, introduced about 1984. Some trams were partly modified with front glass; one was modified with fluorescent lights, FM radio, digital advertising and route boards. These are the second-most-common tram in Kolkata. Three years after its introduction, the closure of Kolkata's trams was again considered by the government, so no more modern stock had been introduced.[citation needed]
- Single-Coach Type – Currently this is the latest new rolling stock, one of which has been running since 24 December 2012. These trams are claimed to be faster and more manoeuvrable than the current double-coach trams with the carriage being longer than the carriages in the double-coach trams.[12] There are now plans to introduce more single-coach trams across the city, including air-conditioned coaches, possibly replacing the double-coach trams with the single-coach and reopening some closed tram routes.[13]
Recently, two trams were completely renovated to world-class standards with front and back glass, fluorescent lights, FM radio, digital display boards, slanted seats and a fibreglass ceiling. More renovated trams are planned; from 2008 to 2010 the Nonapukur workshop manufactured 19 new-look trams, of which four are in the final stages of completion. The rooftop is clear polycarbonate sheeting with a wide window space, comfortable seating and better visibility from inside and out. Nonapukur Workshop is now manufacturing new tram cars and renovating existing steel-body (BSCL) cars. After plans for banquet/cafeteria trams[14] and air-conditioned trams to attract commuters and foreign tourists as well as to increase revenue for the company, one single-coach air-conditioned banquet tram has now been introduced and offers heritage tours to north Kolkata in the morning and south Kolkata in the evening.[15] However, the AC tram received poor patronage when it was introduced,[16] although there are plans for more AC trams in Kolkata.[3] In addition to passenger cars, there is a museum tram,[10] rail-scrubber cars (which polish the tracks using jets of water), flat cars for goods transportation (some of which are modified from obsolete single-coach Howrah trams) and a tower-inspection car for checking wires.[citation needed]
Fare structure[edit]
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- 1st class – Rs. 5& Rs. 6.00 (depending on distance)
Technical details[edit]
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- Length: 19.5 m (64.0 ft)
- Width: 2.1 m (6.9 ft)
- Weight: 20 or 22 tons empty, depending on design
- Car manufacturer: England pre-1952; India post-1952. Burn Standard Company in Howrah manufactured numbers 207 to 299 from 1982. In 1986 some were manufactured by Jessop. 684 to 700 were operational, but only 170 operated before 2013.[citation needed] As of 2013, 257 trams are operational with 125 trams operating.[3]
- Length: 17.5 m (57.4 ft)
- Seating: 60 per car
- Speed: 60 km/h (37.3 mph) (max); avg speed: 30 km/h (18.6 mph)[citation needed]
- Controller: Three types – Cam (manufactured in London), GEC (manufactured in England) and Fuji (manufactured in Japan). Fuji is the most modern.
- Traction motor: Four types: TDK, Mitsubishi, Fuji and Bhel. EE-made traction motors are still in use – for example, 133A and 309/1B.
- Propulsion: Traction motor pinion, directly coupled via pinion-and-gear mechanism with drive wheel
- Track gauge: Standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)[2]
- Brakes: Pneumatic type through air compressor (DC 550V)
- Voltage: 550 volts DC in overhead wires.[17]
- No vestibule or door shutter
- Single-ended car
- Current drawn by trolley pole
Depots and terminals[edit]
There are seven tram depots – Belgachhia, Rajabazar, Park Circus, Gariahat, Tollygunge, Kalighat and Kidderpur; nine terminals – Shyambazar, Galiff Street, Bidhannagar, Ballygunge, Esplanade, B. B. D. Bagh, and Howrah Bridge; and one workshop at Nonapukur. Rajabazar and Tollygunge depots are the largest in terms of tracks and area, respectively. Kidderpur depot is the oldest, and Kalighat the smallest. The Esplanade terminus has the most tram routes.
Alignment and interchanges[edit]
- While almost all routes are on-street running, the tram runs on reserved track across the Maidan between Esplanade and Kidderpore.
- The tram passes over the railway bridge between Shyambazar and Belgachhia, near Tala.
- The tram passes under the railway bridge between Maniktala and Bidhannagar, near Kankurgachi (only under-level track), and between Kalighat and Tollygunge, near Rabindra Sarobar.
- The tram runs parallel over metro track from Shyambazar to Belgachhia, and from Jatin Das Park to Tollygunge.
- The tram track crosses metro track at Aurobinda Sarani, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bipin Bihari Gangopadhyay Street and Lenin Sarani.
- The tram runs on both sides of the road on Lenin Sarani and Surya Sen Street, and on either the right or left side on part of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Road, part of Acharya Jagadish Chandra Basu Road, Judges Court Road, Diamond Harbour Road, Karl Marx Sarani, Kidderpur Road, Dufferin Road, Casuarina Avenue, Elliot Road, Royd Street and Rabindra Sarani. On all other streets, tram runs in the middle of the road.
- The tram runs on overpass only at Sealdah.
- The tram passes under overpass at Barhabazar, Wattganj, Race Course and Garhiahat.
- The tram crosses canals between Shyambazar and Belgachhia near Shyambazar, between Maniktala and Bidhannagar near Maniktala, between Jatin Das Park and Mominpur near Alipur, and between Wattganj and Esplanade near Wattganj.
- There are interchanges with metro at Belgachhia, Shyambazar, Esplanade, Kalighat and Tollygunge. Shobhabazar, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Central, Jatin Das Park and Rabindra Sarobar metro stations also have tram accessibility.
- There are interchanges with train at Bagbazar, Bidhannagar, Park Circus, Ballygunge, Kidderpore, B.B.D Bagh and Tollygunge. Sealdah and Tala rail stations also have tram accessibility.
Advantages and criticism[edit]
Electric trams were the sole public transport until 1920, when the public bus was introduced in Kolkata. However, tram service until the 1950s was quite smooth and comfortable (although most new lines and extensions were built in pre-independence India). In 1950 there were around 300 tram cars, which were regularly operated on many routes in Kolkata and Howrah. Single-car trams operated on the Shibpur line until its closure; all other lines had double cars. Due to the large number of tram cars, the trams ran frequently (about a 5- to 7-minute wait between trams on all routes). This was possible due to less motor traffic on the roads than today. Derailments were very rare because of careful maintenance. All checkups were done at night, the water car was used for track smoothing and the tower car for wire-checking. Each tram was washed in the depot daily. Breakdown vans and overhead-wire inspection vans were ready at many junctions for quick repairs. Regular inspection of tracks, wires and so forth was done carefully. Tracks and track-bed gravel were replaced periodically for smoother service.
Anti-tram sentiment began about 1955, and spread around the world. Many countries (both developed and developing) began closing their tram systems, and India was no exception. Tram service closed in Kanpur in 1933, Madras (now Chennai) in 1955, Delhi in 1962 and Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1964. Kolkata's network survived, but in a truncated form. At the same time the automobile boom began, quickly spreading throughout India.
Many streets were narrow (which was acceptable for tram service), but now cars, buses and lorries also used those roads. The government considered closing the trams, as an alternative to controlling motor traffic. Some routes (Bandhaghat, Shibpur and Nimtala) were closed for that reason, although traffic jams have not been alleviated. Many streets in Kolkata which have no tram line experience daily gridlock.
Although most track beds have been converted from stone to concrete, earlier paving of Strand Road closed the High Court route. Construction of the subway line also destroyed an important north-south connection, from Lalbazar to Jatin Das Park via Esplanade and Birla Planetarium. The development of flyovers is another reason for the decline of Kolkata trams. The Sealdah, Gariahat and Taratala overpasses were the main cause for the closing of the Sealdah terminus, Gariahat link and the Joka route (which also made way for a national highway). There were many closures between 1970 and 1980, and many thought that it was the beginning of the end for trams in Kolkata, but the situation changed after 1990. At that time, many cities around the world began reevaluating tram service. Greater numbers of automobiles increased air pollution. High prices of petrol and diesel fuel on the international market also made electric-powered street rail more attractive.
Trams have many advantages:
- Clean and green – enhances the environment; no emissions at street level
- Encourages public transport – rail-borne modes of transport promote people to stop using cars
- Affordable – the cheapest form of comfortable mass transit
- Inspiring – modern trams can be aesthetically pleasing
- Heritage – Tramcars are a part of history.[18]
Some political leaders (and many environmentalists) favoured tram service. As a result, the Kolkata tram survived, but not as robustly as it did before 1970. Tramways in Kolkata are now suffering, due to motor traffic and the outdated business model of its operators (the CTC and the government of West Bengal), although there has been some conversion of trackbed from stone to concrete and renovation of rolling stock.
Trams were the brainchild of the then-Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. His motives were to ensure better public transport for the native people, better passage of goods from ports and dockyards to their respective destinations, and rapid mobilisation of police contingents to sites of anti-British protests. Thus, trams were the first mode of police transportation in Kolkata since police cars, vans, buses, lorries and armoured cars had not been introduced until 1917. The trams of Kolkata had played a major role in stopping Hindu-Muslim riots during the pre-independence era; in contrast, many trams were also burned by local people as an act of protest against colonial rule, since the tram was viewed by many Indians as a "British" import. Even after independence, during the 1960s many trams were burned for raising fares by only one paise (1/100 Rupee).
The Kolkata tramway has many vintage features. It still uses a trolley pole and foot gong (after a failed experiment with electric horn during the late 1980s), which is rare among international tram systems (except heritage tramways and standard networks like Hong Kong and Toronto). It has tram cars with no front glass or destination board – instead, iron route-boards hang from the front iron net. The last new rolling stock was manufactured in 1987 by Jessop India Ltd, and many trams from 1939 are still running. The recent de-reservation of tram tracks flies in the face of international trends. Although trams are faster, and derailments rare, it is often impossible to get up or down from a moving tram on wide roads such as Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Road, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Basu Road, Acharya Satyendra Nath Basu Sarani, Satin Sen Sarani, Syed Amir Ali Avenue, Lila Roy Sarani, Rash Behari Avenue, Deshapran Birendra Shasmal Road or Shyama Prasad Mukhopadhyay Road. Only one new branch (Bidhannagar) and one extension (the short-lived Joka) were built after independence, and no extension of the network had been planned until 2002.[19] With a mix of good and bad, however, the Kolkata tram is still running as Asia's oldest operating electric tram and the only tram in India.
During 3 December 2012, a seven-year-old boy got run over and killed by a tram entering Ultadanga depot; the boy had reportedly been playing near the tram tracks when the tram approached and struck him before the brakes could be fully applied.[20] On 31 January 2013, a bus driver attempted to overtake a tram with the bus rear grazing the tram. Due to the bus scraping against the tram, a bus passengers arm was ripped off and the man was rushed to hospital for his arm to be reattached.[21] On 19 June 2014 a freak accident was reported in which a ghost tram rammed into 10 cars. No fatalities or injuries were reported.[22]
Plans have been proposed to refurbish stock and wires, extend the system to more areas or tunnel under the Hooghly River,[19] but (apart from paving the trackbed and repairing wires and masts), little real improvement has been done; for unmaterialized future plans, see the "latest Kolkata tram map" above. However, there have been some proposals to replace the current double-coach SLC type trams with the new single-coach trams and extend the tram system to places like Rajarhat and Bantala[14] and reopening some closed routes.[13] There are also plans for a tram route across the riverfront of the Hooghly River[23] while plans are continuing for a tram route to Salt Lake and Rajarhat.[24] However, due to the state government's recent plans to phase out the tram system, it is unknown whether these extensions will come to fruition.[11]
See also[edit]
- Trams in India
- Kolkata Metro
- Kolkata Suburban Railway
- Kolkata Circular Railway
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab [1] CTC website. Accessed 14 September 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i [2] CTC website. Accessed 16 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Bankrupt CTC to introduce two more AC trams". The Times of India. 14 August 2013.
- ^ "Reaching India". New Delhi: Times Internet Limited. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ "Kolkata trams to get a GenX makeover". 13 July 2012.
- ^ "TRAMWAYS – AN ECO – FRIENDLY MODE OF MASS TRANSPORTATION: A CASE OF KOLKATA" (PDF). July 2012.
- ^ "Joka-Behala tram is now history". 2 June 2011.
- ^ a b c "Tram route gets new life on Panchami". 10 October 2013.
- ^ a b c "Tram route back on track after 7 years". 18 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Calcutta Tramways Company inaugurates museum on wheels". 30 Sep 2014.
- ^ a b "State govt mulls phasing out trams from Kolkata streets". 27 Sep 2016.
- ^ "City's new public ride arrives on Christmas Eve". hindustan times. 23 December 2012.
- ^ a b "More single-coach trams to run on various streets in Kolkata soon". RailNews. 2013-03-26.
- ^ a b "Kolkata to get banquet and cafeteria trams". Daily News. 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Enjoy Kolkata's heritage with an AC tram ride". The Economic Times. 18 April 2013.
- ^ "Kolkata's modernised heritage trams fail to woo passengers". India Today. 24 June 2013.
- ^ [3] IRFCA website. Accessed 31 January 2011.
- ^ [4] CTC website. Accessed 31 January 2011.
- ^ a b "Subhas dreams of tram below Hooghly". The Times of India. 21 May 2002.
- ^ "Tram runs over 7-year-old". The Times of India. 3 December 2012.
- ^ "'Passenger's arm ripped off as bus races tram in Kolkata". The Times of India. 31 January 2013.
- ^ "'Ghost tram' rams into 10 cars in Kolkata". The Times of India. 20 June 2014.
- ^ "New tram route on anvil to soak in riverfront views". The Times of India. 8 July 2013.
- ^ "City tram network set for expansion". The Statesman. 12 September 2013.
- Niyogi, S. Shake, rattle & roll. The Sunday Story, Sunday Times of India, Kolkata, 25 June 2006. Available on Times of India e-paper (paid subscription required as of 2010).
- Pathak Pratap Shankar, The Sunday Story, Sunday Times of India, Kolkata
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trams in Kolkata.
- Official website of Calcutta Tramways Company
- Urbanrail.net page with schematic map of Kolkata tram
- Geographical map of Kolkata tram, both past and latest updates
- Some great photos of Kolkata tram
- Department of Transport from the Government of West Bengal website
- A little more Information about Kolkata tram


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Shireen let go of Anna's hands and pouted. "I wasn't scaring her mother, I was comforting her." Shireen looked back towards Anna.
Anna knew the look that Shireen was now giving her. Anna had used that look herself many a time to seek aid from an older brother or friend. It was the "help me with this adult" look.
The other creature eyed Shireen for a moment before casting a look at Anna, its features softening. "I'm sorry for the actions of my daughter, " it said. "We don't get to interact with human folk very often and Shireen has spent most of her childhood interacting with fish. They don't have the best social skills."
Anna finally found her voice, she felt the need to defend Shireen now. "That's alright. She had heard me get up and had come in to check on me."
"Is this true?" asked the older creature, giving her daughter skeptical look.
"It is mother! Why, when I found her, it was like she could barely move or speak! Look at her now!" the younger creature exclaimed.
Sighing the "I can't believe my child just said something so stupid" sigh, Shireen's mother shook her head. "Shireen go see if you can catch us something to eat."
Shireen was about to say something else, but thought the better of it. She cast one more look at Anna and said, "We'll talk later," before slinking out of the room.
"Again, I'm sorry about my daughter. She fell in with a pack of sharks a while back and picked up some bad habits," Shireen's mother said. She extended her hand, "I believe this is what you humans do isn't it? Shake hands when you make introductions? I am Elma."
Anna grasped Elma's hand and gave it a shake. She had heard her father use the expression, "shakes hands like a dead fish" and didn't know what it meant until that very moment.
"Well then, " Elma said taking Anna by the hand. "Let's see about getting you home."


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-Under Ground-
"Marie, I know I don't believe it either." Joshua calmly whispered. "I didn't do it." I felt his warm breath against my skin, I knew something was wrong. "Joshua Alexander Micheal, tell me what you did. Tell me everything. Now."I said raising my voice. "Marie, I can't tell you, they said if I told anyone, well it wouldn't be good." He said barely at a whisper now. "You knew! You knew! You knew! You could have just told me that!! Why would you lie?" I was mad. Over the edge. "Josh, I'm going home. I don't want to get caught in this. We're through."I was crying, crying harder than I have. "Maria don't."Joshua yelled. When I turned around to look there was a gun pointed at chest. "Joshua what are you doing?!" I screamed. "You'll never be able to tell the secret now. Never. Never." Joshua, shaky all over. "Ah!" I screamed and ran. Ran as fast as I could. Hopeful that I make it out alive.


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Affidavits are a way to verify the facts or introduce testimony of an unavailable witness in a manner that will stand up in court. When you make an affidavit, the form for affidavit is made under oath and subject to the penalty of perjury. Therefore, it is accepted as proof of the statements contained in the sworn affidavit form.
An affidavit is a sworn statement or statements made under oath and under penalty of perjury. The person making the statements in the form is called the affiant. When you sign an affidavits form, you affirm that the statement are made with personal knowledge or according to information and belief. Affidavit forms are signed before a notary, who asks the affiant to affirm that any statement made is true to the best of the affiant's knowledge.
There are various types of forms of affidavit and the affidavit format will depend on the reason one needs to make it. Some of the most popular affidavit templates for forms offered by US Legal Forms include:
US Legal Forms has all the forms you may require for all your legal needs. If you need a sworn affidavit form, whether it is a financial, small estate, general, or other affidavit, US Legal Forms has the professionally drafted form to meet your needs. A free sample affidavit form may be previewed before downloading. If you need to make an affidavit to affirm facts in any situation, US Legal Forms has the affidavit forms to legally establish your facts. Preview our sample affidavit forms, order, and download for immediate use.
Affidavits are used to prove facts, for a variety of legal reasons. For example, US Legal Forms offers, among many others, the following:
US Legal forms offers many professionally drafted affidavit forms on various topics, as well as a general affidavit format that can cover any imaginable circumstance.
Yes, US Legal Forms has free sample affidavit form previews available, so you can be sure you get the right sample affidavit form to meet your needs. US Legal Forms offers a satisfaction guarantee to help you get the right template for affidavit tailored to your situation. Therefore, you can be confident when you make an affidavit that you are using the professional documents you need.
A sworn affidavit is one that's made under oath in front of a notary. The statements are made by the person called the affiant. The statements made are sworn to be true according to personal knowledge or upon information and belief of the affiant. The notary will administer an oath to the affiant at the time to sign the document, by which the affiant will affirm the facts contained therein are true. The penalty of perjury applies to knowingly false statements made in forms of affidavit. A sworn affidavit form establishes the proof of the facts in a way that can be introduced in court.
You may modify the affidavit sample after downloading. The form for affidavit is available in Word format, so it may be modified in Word to suit your needs. US Legal Forms offers a sample of affidavits to meet every need, whether you need a financial affidavit form, residence affidavit, affidavit of support, small estate affidavits, or other. Our professionally drafted legal forms can be further customized as you wish.
An affidavit is a document made under oath that can be used as evidence in court of the facts of the statements it contains. The person to make an affidavit is called the affiant. The affiant must sign a sworn affidavit form in front of a notary, under penalty of perjury, in order to affirm the statements made are based on personal knowledge or upon information and belief.


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A web interface where the link target, regardless of type though usually a photo or video, appears in a superimposed, pop over layer often with the original page greyed out to display media without surfing away from the original page. An alternative to a pop up. This feature is popularoften associated with Web 2.0 designs and also called single modal window, lightbox, or slimbox.
by richardc020 May 08, 2008


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Compare Top BI Software
Business Intelligence MORE CATEGORIES
Slemma is a data analysis tool that enables users to create simple, easy-to-use and dynamic data reports from multiple data sets. The web-based tool connects to over 75 data warehouses, databases and cloud service solutions. Slemma's step-by-step Chart Wizard makes report generation quick and seamless, allowing anyone to visualize their third-party data in minutes.Dynamic reports can be shared to both clients and colleagues alike. User permissions ensure that sensitive data can only be accessed, viewed and edited by individual members. Slemma's data dashboards can be accessed on virtually any device for easy presentation.
"The only business intelligence and dashboard software that lets you join, analyze, and visualize all the data you want. We're talking multiple, big data sets at record-breaking speed."With a user-friendly interface, in-memory database tools and other proprietary functionality, Sisense business intelligence software allows companies to view big data in a flexible way. The Sisense interactive dashboard provides mid-sized business and larger enterprise the insights and analysis that the company needs to succeed.Sisense's interactive report dashboard is designed for quick and easy business intelligence user experience. This resource gives businesses a simpler way to look at everything that's going on through data visualization. With instant deployment through a single stack architecture, Sisense offers the ability to glean information from SQL servers and other data sources, letting business users focus on what's most important.Sisense Prism is a business intelligence tool that offers the power of true data visualization to meet any need. The innovative Sisense in-chip engine promotes versatility, answering questions without intense data integration burdens. With SDK and API design, you'll get embedded analytics and reporting through this comprehensive and easy-to-use BI solution.Data governance technology is also built into Sisense, allowing for identity access management. Create permissions on different levels and customize Sisense dashboards to serve C-level users, business analyst or anyone else requiring access and reporting. Use Sisense's data engine for projects that handle enormous amounts of data. Request pricing or a demo above to see how Sisense compares to other top businesses intelligence solutions.
Looker is an inventive software company that's pioneering the next generation of business intelligence (BI). We believe that businesses can only thrive when data is consistently defined and easily accessible across the entire organization. Our web-based platform powers the work of data analysts while fueling (and fulfilling) the business user's curiosity.
Dundas BI is a flexible, browser-based business intelligence and data visualization software that includes integrated dashboards, reporting tools and data analytics, all in one fully embeddable BI platform. With Dundas BI, all common BI needs are under one roof - data connectivity, data preparation, presentation of different views (dashboards, paged reports, scorecards) and self-service data analytics. You can create interactive, customizable dashboards, build your own reports, run ad-hoc queries and analyze and drill-down into your data and performance metrics. Dundas BI lets you connect and integrate with any data source in real-time, on any device. With the touch-based interface and responsive design, you can create and view dashboards and reports on any device from desktop to mobile. Dundas BI easily integrates into your existing systems, administration and applications for real-time access to all your data.
Grow is built for executives and teams of small to medium businesses who are frustrated by having to run time-consuming reports with scattered information that's quickly out-of-date. With Grow's software, you can get the information you need, how and when you need it, and share it so everyone knows the score.
Periscope Data enables analysts to transform their SQL queries into interactive dashboards, charts and reports for data consumers with frequent data needs. Periscope Data's breakthrough data warehouse infrastructure quickly connects to your databases to offer blazingly fast query processing with low overhead.Unlimited users and no query limits remove workflow barriers and promote data literacy across your entire organization.
Solver's BI360 is a complete Business Intelligence (BI) and Corporate Performance Management (CPM) suite for reporting, budgeting and dashboard applications. The BI360 suite also offers a data warehouse to combine data sources to empower all business users and provide analytics critical to decision making.
BroadPoint offers all the end-to-end business software solutions you need to run a business efficiently, effectively and to get ahead of the competition. BroadPoint has been successfully providing business software solutions to companies of all sizes in the mid-Atlantic region since 2001. Find out more about our solutions, including how you can quickly and securely deploy your business software in the cloud.
BOARD International is a global provider of Business Intelligence and Performance Management software. BOARD has enabled companies to improve the effectiveness of their management decision making processes, unifying self-serve BI and CPM in a single environment. BOARD provides a seamless solution for business processes such as: Budgeting, Planning Forecasting, Profitability Analysis, Simulation and what-if analysis, Scorecarding and Strategy Management, Financial Consolidation, and Statutory and Financial Reporting, with business intelligence and analytics tools that drive good decision-making. Thanks to its programming-free toolkit approach, global enterprises rapidly deployed BI and CPM applications in a fraction of the time and cost associated with traditional solutions. BI tools such as business analytics and business intelligence dashboards present existing data assets in a digestible way, as intelligence analysts harness the power of data for enterprise use.
An Operating System For Your BusinessDomo's Business Cloud is the world's first open, self-service business intelligence platform to run your entire organization. The Business Cloud brings together the data, the people, and the insights executives need to find answers to critical business questions, for faster, better-informed decision making and best use of business intelligence software to improve business performance. Whether you're wanting to use existing business intelligence (BI) data to see marketing's contribution to sales, or manufacturing's labor cost per unit, or look into the nuts and bolts of data warehousing, the business analytics information you need is always at your fingertips. With Domo's winning business intelligence and analytics solutions, busy intelligence analysts can sort out operations with business intelligence dashboards, break opens silos with data mapping, and generally improve the e-discovery ability of an enterprise.
Self-service BI drives decision-making. The use of real-time analytics with a mobile strategy helps to move collaborative innovation, with each member of a team holding all of the keys to change in his or her pocket. Business intelligence tools give companies the resources to look at aspects like governance, the use of centralized metadata, and scalability, to figure out how to utilize a data warehouse, implement effective business intelligence dashboards, and keep data flowing instead of trapped in silos.Vendors provide business intelligence solutions in many different ways. While some are really predictive, others might not offer the types of analysis that truly empower customers. SAS Business Intelligence enables clients to understand the past, monitor the present and predict outcomes as the business grows, with BI applications linked to a sound and capable architecture.
Cloudera Enterprise helps you become information- driven by leveraging the best of the open source community with the enterprise capabilities you need to succeed with Apache Hadoop in your organization. Designed specifically for mission-critical environments, Cloudera Enterprise includes CDH, the world's most popular open source Hadoop-based platform, as well as advanced system management and data management tools plus dedicated support and community advocacy from our world-class team of Hadoop developers and experts.
Deliver fast, easy and powerful Business Intelligence to your organization with only a browser. BIME allows you to connect to both the online and the on-premise world in the same place. Create connections to all your data sources, create and execute queries and view your dashboards easily - all within BIME's beautifully intuitive interface.
Analyzer provides powerful, self-service business intelligence that allows users to explore, visualize, publish and share data in minutes. With Analyzer™ business users are able to make better decisions based on real time data through a secure, scalable and social business intelligence solution
Artus®, Bitam's fully integrated business intelligence platform, provides organizations with access to the information they need and when they need it in order to make comprehensive and effective business decisions. Unlike other business intelligence solutions, Artus® provides management dashboards and ad-hoc analysis within one product, thus providing a single solution for all of your business intelligence needs.
ThoughtSpot Relational Search Appliance brings the ease of search to enterprise data analysis. It includes a new kind of search engine, tightly integrated with large-scale, in-memory computing. The result is a consumer-class user experience combined with enterprise-class scalability. All while maintaining enterprise data governance and manageability for IT.
We have got agile easy to use BI for true business users. Discover data. Get the insights. Share, comment, filter KPIs or time-series. Improve customer services and become metrics driven with ready-made customizable analytics apps.
Automated data retrieval from 1000s of data services (with more added every day). Klipfolio is backed by a simple, flexible data architecture. That means you can upload any data source to the dashboard, automate its retrieval, and use (and reuse) that data to build visualizations and dashboards for your team.
JReport is built on a proven foundation of high-performance, scalability, and an enterprise-ready reporting engine using technologies including in-memory cubes and fully distributed server clusters. JReport's intuitive. With its Java-based architecture, JReport seamlessly embeds into any application through an extensive API set. JReport also provides interactive data visualization with customizable ad hoc reporting and dashboards that empower end users through the Web and mobile devices.
Jedox empowers you to analyze historical data for meaningful insight, and to plan and forecast intelligently. Jedox unleashes your capabilities in one solution, unifying Business Intelligence and Corporate Performance Management (BI CPM).
The WebFOCUS business intelligence (BI) platform delivers rich, consumable, interactive information to the widest range of employees, managers, analysts, partners, and customers. WebFOCUS offers true do-it-yourself reporting with unmatched scalability.
Bring your data to life with SAP Lumira – data visualization software that makes it easy to create beautiful and interactive maps, charts, and infographics. Import data from Excel and many other sources, perform visual BI analysis using intuitive dashboards, and securely share insights and data stories with your team.
Designed for non-technical users, Phocas delivers a simple yet powerful analytical capability that quickly turns data into a chart, graph or map at the click of a mouse or touch of a screen. It brings up data in seconds on local, regional or global sales, inventory, forecasts, prices, profit margins, budgets and more. Phocas enables you to carry out ad-hoc data interrogation or associate and consolidate data, identify trends, conduct modelling and stay ahead of the competition.
Comidor offers a plethora of tools that assist organizations in managing their communications, collaboration, content, projects and salesforce. Comidor embeds all these tools into an integrated cloud suite that supports and advances key enterprise activities to boost performance.
Izenda is a web-based embedded business intelligence (BI) platform that has been purpose-built for OEM use and embedding in other applications. It gives software companies the ability to embed robust self-service analytics in the form of ad hoc reports, dashboards and visualizations into the workflow of their software, while maintaining the look and feel of the existing application. By seamlessly integrating with their applications, Izenda enables software vendors to bring analytics to market ahead of their competition, monetize analytics in their software product, and lessen the time their development teams spend on report creation.
GoodData interactive dashboards promote visual data discovery, exploration, and collaboration by everyone on your team, so they capitalize on critical business insights right away. GoodData helps you design a great looking experience from any data, and the responsive mobile friendly user interface means it is optimized across modern devices and platforms.
Panorama Necto 16 is leading a revolution in the BI world by providing users with automated insights. It is the first and only business intelligence solution that provides business users with automated insights on 100% of their data—including Dark Data. Necto 16 provides users with a smart, personalized and collaborative data discovery experience, presented via highly visual and dynamic infographics. It will give you the ability to connect data, insights, and people across your entire organization.Today organizations analyze and benefit from only 10% of their data, while 90% remains unexplored as Dark Data. Most solutions in the market give users answers to their questions, which are based on the 10% of data that they know how to analyze. Necto takes it a step further and gives the users insights on questions they don't have yet. By using patented algorithms, it pushes automated insights on one hundred percent of users' data—including their Dark Data.
Prognoz offers a series of all-purpose products designed to derive value from any kind of data. Built-in tools for data collection, warehousing, visualization, and analysis enable you to meet a variety of challenges in virtually any industry.
How to Compare Business Intelligence Software
Business Intelligence (BI) software is one of the hottest software technologies on the market today. In fact, in a survey of more than 10K technology executives, 23.5% responded that a BI or BA (business analytics) platform is their next planned software purchase.
Why do organizations need and use business intelligence software?
- Make better decisions, faster.
- Improve efficiencies in generating meaningful reports
- Understand trends: markets, leads and customer behavior.
- Benchmark and track goals/progress more diligently.
- Identify money making and saving opportunities.
- Improve overall employee and organizational productivity.
Advantages of BI software
BI requirements checklist
Questions to ask
Pricing considerations
It can be difficult or overwhelming to evaluate the myriad of options available, but if you know from the outset what your company's goals are for the software, you will be able to narrow your search.
Key features to consider when evaluating BI software options
Because workplace technology solutions are always evolving, your company needs software that can accommodate these changes without interrupting the flow of business. A good BI provider is one that frequently updates the performance of its existing platform. Another expansion feature to look for is an open architecture framework. Choosing a software that is free from proprietary code allows easy and streamlined integration between any existing software your company already has in place. This saves time and money by allowing workers to import existing data and visuals.
In order to be competitive, a good BI suite must be versatile. The best BI tools are the ones that support access to multiple data sources, including data warehouses, internal databases, the cloud and data marts. In addition to supporting various big data sources, the applications must give users real-time updates as well. A major purpose of utilizing BI tools is to streamline the process of making informed decisions.
In order to be useful, the data available must be up-to-date at all times.The majority of top companies today conduct a significant portion of their business via smartphones and tablets, which means that the business analytics software you choose should reflect that paradigm shift. The best business intelligence tools will perform well across multiple devices, so be sure to check for cross-platform compatibility.
Security and Data Reporting
These two features are equally important when comparing BI tools. Every decent business intelligence solution will have security features like privilege parameters that executives or department leaders can set. This ensures that sensitive data cannot be accessed, transmitted or modified by any unauthorized personnel. Another feature to look for is compound reporting options. This will give your company the ability to perform real-time analyses without the hassle of integrating with a third-party reporting tool.
Considering the increasing popularity, knowing the advantages business intelligence software affords organizations is useful. We've compiled 4 of the key advantages organizations benefit from implementing BI software:
Advantages of BI Software
Improve the Decision-Making Process
Business intelligence software provides real-time analysis, historical data, integration between data sources, forecasting, trending, and predictive analysis, all helping to improve decision making across all departments at all levels.
Intelligent Data Availability
Dashboards and ad hoc reporting are now at the fingertips of everyone who requires it. With BI software, you can evolve from a reporting/analyst team needing to prepare all the requested reporting requirements. Instead, users at all levels of the organization can log in and analyze their KPIS, access their respective BI dashboards, quickly run ad hoc reports and share their findings with ease.
Not only is it easy for organizations and users to access advanced data and reports with ease, but the overall BI data environment has been transformed.Organizations can now feed data into the BI platform from a variety of sources including existing internal databases, data warehouses and 3rd party sources.
This connection and evolution of business intelligence tools into big data and data mining has transformed the ability for organizations to better analyze the bigger picture of their business and the overall business environment in which they operate.
Data Visualization
Another advantage of BI software is the ability to format data into rich visualizations that are easy to understand and outline a deeper story more quickly. Tables have their place in business reporting, but interactive data combined with useful and interesting visuals makes the data more consumable and actionable. Trends and connections that go unnoticed in traditional reports can now be discovered with data visualization within BI tools.
Depending on the platform, data visualization options are extensive. From simple bar and line graphs to complex visuals like heat maps, geographic overlays and performance gauges, all provide important insight for their intended use cases.
Overall Efficiency Improvements
Between have more access to a wealth of data, the speed in which you can access and mold all of this structured and unstructured data into useful information and instant access to pre-existing report templates, efficiencies tend to skyrocket.
Again, users at all levels have this information at their fingertips so they can make faster decisions. In many business environments, real-time decision making is essential and commonplace. Being armed with a BI platform that helps make those decisions easier is a guaranteed efficiency improvement. Not only that, but a lot of redundancy and extra work is eliminated by having this kind of technology in place.
There are advantages to using business intelligence software beyond what we've described here. However, these 4 key advantages should be enough to convince you that it's worth investigating BI software further.
How to Evaluate BI Tools
Selecting a business intelligence solution is a unique process for each organization, and what works best for one business may be totally wrong for another. To make matters worse, there are countless vendors on the market, each offering a different solution. Fortunately, SelectHub is here to help.
To properly evaluate BI tools in the context of your organization, follow the guidelines below.
What's wrong with your current solution?
- If you have a BI solution in place, ask yourself why you are looking to make a change.
- Who uses the system and what is their current opinion of it?
- What are your system's users trying to achieve by using the solution, and how well can they carry out their goals?
- Is the system not cost-effective for your current uses? Are you paying too much in monthly or annual fees for unused features?
What kind of database technology will you need?
- What are your current business needs for a database? Are you expecting growth in future years, which will require your solution to be scalable?
- How many users and data sources do you anticipate now and in the future, and what will the volume and complexity of the data be?
- If your needs are limited, consider whether you need a full data warehouse or only a simple data mart, which lets you focus on a single area such as sales or marketing.
How will the solution perform once deployed?
- What does the solution offer in terms of collaboration, modeling, and visualization features?
- Will the solution be easy to use for technical and non-technical users alike?
- Will it perform data operations quickly enough for your needs?
- Can the system generate reports that are easily comprehensible for executives of your organization?
- How will the system integrate with your current technology?
- How well will it replace the functionalities of any existing BI solutions you have?
- What support or training will the vendor provide during and after installation?
BI Software Needs Assessment / Requirements Gathering
Every business has a unique set of needs, so the first step in a software selection project is to create a checklist of what your company needs most from a business intelligence suite. There are hundreds of criteria to choose from, but the framework can be broken up into seven main categories:
Data Inquiry
Functions like data import and retrieval, ad hoc inquiries and information integration from outside the data warehouse are all part of data inquiry. Data import and retrieval can be broken up further into specific criteria like small versus large packet retrieval, detailed, transaction-level information, aggregate summary information and import of information on an individual PC level for specific analyses.
Ad hoc inquiries can be simple or prompted, depending on the user base. There is also an option for scheduled data extracts, which can be useful for scraping data at predetermined intervals.
Finally, integration of information via external sources includes everything from individual spreadsheets to full catalogs and files from outside vendors or suppliers. External integration can also include flat files, other, non-warehouse databases, VSAM files or IMS databases.
Data Manipulation
Data manipulation tasks include information updates, workgroup databases and data warehouse write back. Two important features to consider are interactive updates and batch updates. Interactive updates will allow users to view and change information in real time, while batch updates will store those changes for later processing.
Workgroup databases are important for businesses that need the ability to access data warehouse information and store it locally for periods of time. Data warehouse write back allows users to make changes to information and then upload them back into the warehouse.
Data Analysis
Important data analysis features are forecasting, budgeting, scenario modeling, regression analysis, advanced statistical functionality and segmentation.
Forecasting and budgeting are universally important tools, but it is still necessary to include them in your checklist framework. Not all forecasting and budgeting tools are made equally, so be sure to flesh out any specific functions your company needs.Mathematical functions are another aspect of BI to consider. Certain functions like regression analysis and time series analysis allow for outcome prediction based on specific variables. These tools also allow users to analyze how particular variables will affect an outcome, so they can be used in conjunction with other modeling features. Other mathematical tools like statistical functions and financial functions are potentially useful additions to keep in mind while choosing a BI solution.
There are many different types of reporting, and it's important to be sure your BI software includes the most frequently needed features for your business:
Cosmetic Controls
It may be easy to overlook the aesthetic functionality of reporting tools, but it is important to remember that the majority of BI users prefer graphically-pleasing data. This means that it is worthwhile to consider cosmetic tools like font size and color; specialized formatting; the ability to add text and graphics; and even features like report template creation.
Data visualization tools are necessary when dealing with large quantities of data, or when dealing with complex sets of data. While some features like 2D versus 3D charts are largely aesthetic, other features like chart types, scaling, text placement, mapping, customization and automatic updates all deserve serious consideration. This is especially true if your business deals with a lot of data.
Other Commonly Used Reporting Features
Aside from the cosmetic aspect of data reporting, it is important to consider what other reporting functions are most needed for each department. For example, aggregation and database publishing allow users to create spreadsheets driven by report data. Exception reporting allows reports to only be generated when user-specified problems arise, which keeps reporting streamlined. Features like controlled calculations, reporting preferences and prompted reports allow executives or project leaders to have a greater degree of control over report formatting.
Scheduled and advanced automation are helpful features for corporations that need simple or complex tasks performed repetitively. These features are useful for data scrapes or status updates that need to be performed multiple times a day. Certain suites even give users the ability to set up scheduled tasks according to business events.
Portability and Accessibility
A good business intelligence platform will be compatible across all devices, including iOS and Android smartphones, tablets and laptops. Users should be able to remotely access most, if not all, BI tools from any network they are connected to. In addition, both internal and external collaboration features should be present so internal and third-party users can contribute to projects.
Data Security
The final section of your BI requirements checklist is data security. These features deal more with securing data inter-departmentally than securing it from outside sources. Security levels can be as broad as entire databases to as specific as fields or field content, where specified data can only be viewed by particular departments or personnel.
Questions to Ask During BI Demos
How is the data visually expressed?
One of benefits of BI is its ability to help you understand complicated data. Statistics should be easy to pull into visual form, such as charts and graphs. If you still can't make heads or tails of the information even after it has been consolidated, is it really worth implementing the software? Probably not.
Can I access the data on the road?
In today's global work environment, software that can only be accessed from one computer or within one office isn't all that useful. Make sure you can pull reports from any device and access the data whether you're in the office or on the road.
How quickly can I access data?
Most BI updates the data regularly on a scheduled time frame, such as once a day or every hour. If your team needs real-time access to the data, however, you'll need to let your IT professional know.
Can BI help me evaluate my inventory and fulfillment?
Although most businesses are already utilizing some form of inventory management software, comprehensive BI solutions will not only help you become aware of how your inventory is moving, but also track fulfillment frequency and correlate with inventory history.
Does the software integrate data from multiple departments?
When you can combine information from different areas of the business, you can analyze factors like how the latest marketing campaign affected sales and whether you had enough inventory to support that growth. This can also help you forecast growth and tailor protocol to the way you predict the company to operate in the future.
How can the software forecast growth?
Speaking of the future, the best BI will help companies decide what new products to implement and when or support decisions to open a new location. Amazon uses technology like this to recommend additional products to its customers. If you can predict that customers who purchase toaster ovens will also be in the market for a stove within the next year, you can target your marketing campaigns accordingly.
Will it grow with my business?
If you're investing in a BI solution, you don't want it to be obsolete in a year. Plan to implement software that will last at least ten years. BI should be scalable. Find out what the limitations are on data capacity so you can make an adequate decision about whether the software is right for you.
Pricing Considerations When Buying Business Intelligence Software
Analytics and business intelligence (BI) applications continue to rapidly evolve based on innovations driven by customers' unmet needs and requests. These new innovative features, apps, and BI platforms are opening up entirely new markets that prefer to purchase software using different subscription and pricing models than have been available in the past. As a result, software vendors are broadening the scope of pricing options they offer to all customers.
Every analytics and BI vendor relies on a range of pricing models to sell their software applications. Depending on the customers' usage, budget, number of employees using the application and preferred deployment model, a different pricing model will be presented to a given customer. Knowing this going into pricing negotiations can help to save tens of thousands of dollars over the lifetime of using any analytics or BI application.
It's important to keep the following key points in mind regarding pricing for analytics or BI application you're considering for your business:
- The proliferation of pricing models for analytics and BI apps is putting the buyer in control and often getting maintenance bundled in. A few of the many SaaS pricing models include freemium, concurrency-based (multitenancy), role-based pricing, named user, open source, per user, per user/per month, per feature, subscription and perpetual. With analytics and BI being a very competitive market, nearly all vendors are bundling in a baseline level of maintenance and support.
- Analytics and BI vendors want to get away from large up-front license fees and charge maintenance fees instead, which is making subscription-based pricing even more affordable. Analytics and BI apps that are cloud-based are designed to scale to the specific workloads and needs of customers, keeping track or metering how many resources are used in completing tasks. Subscription-based models are predicated on the ability to meter usage, which is a foundational benefit of cloud-based apps. Analytics and BI vendors working to get free from their legacy on-premise pricing models are relying on and driving the prices down of subscription models to grow new revenue streams. In negotiating pricing with a vendor who is migrating from on-premise analytics and BI apps, keep that in mind and negotiate fro bundled service, support, and maintenance.
- To reduce the lifetime cost of analytics software, start thinking about and tracking the following costs now while comparing vendors. To best plan and manage the purchase of any new analytics or BI app, it's good to create an Excel spreadsheet to track the following: the quoted license cost per use; maintenance or recurring fee per user over the life of the agreement; initial implementation cost (also broken out by user); infrastructure per user with maintenance, ongoing implementation costs (over the life of agreement); and Full Time Equivalent (FTE) user costs for three years.
- Low up-front costs do not always translate into the lowest total cost of ownership (TCO). Just because an application has a low up-front cost as many SaaS and cloud-based analytics and BI apps do doesn't translate into a lower total cost of ownership over the long term.
- Cloud-based analytics and BI apps and platforms save infrastructure costs and can contribute to lower IT spending. Select Cloud-based analytics and BI apps if you are focused on reducing your in-house IT infrastructure costs and want to gain access to a continual stream of innovations without having to upgrade your existing infrastructure.
- Open source analytics and BI platforms often end up having the highest TCO. The low up-front costs of open source analytics and BI apps and platforms need to be balanced with the long-term maintenance, upgrade and customization costs. Often companies find open source analytics and BI apps have the highest TCO over the long-term.
- The largest analytics and BI vendors will have the lowest price per user, yet often the highest initial license fees. The most common strategy of large-scale analytics and BI vendors is to charge low per-seat and per usage, license fees to keep TCO down while having the higher initial license, maintenance, and hardware costs. These larger vendors manage accounts like a financial annuity and front-end load contracts and pricing to realize revenue earlier. If you are considering a large analytics or BI vendor, look at their pricing strategy with a three-year horizon and attempt to get the maintenance fees trimmed for doing to a longer-term contract.
Choosing a BI software provider is a task that should be given serious consideration. This business intelligence software comparison is meant to be used as a starting point to guide IT professionals who are tasked with making this decision.
To see our top BI recommendations, get a copy of our top BI software report.
Call SelectHub for a free 15-minute selection analysis: 1-855-850-3850


text:
The Diary of a RockstarMature
This is basically about how fame can get to your head and once you have a taste of the lime light you will do anything and hurt anyone you care about.
Carleigh Holt is a seventeen-year-old girl who loves adventure. She has her license, but she would rather walk to the grocery store. Her favorite band is called Calm Insanity. The lead singer, and lead guitarist, is Ryne Baines. Just hearing his name makes Carleigh melt. Ever since the band's first single released Carleigh has been in love with Ryne Baines.
"Jasmine, you just don't get it! I am in love!" Carleigh told her best friend.
"How could you be in love with someone you don't even know? Besides, Ryne Baines is probably just another one of those 'players' that gets in every girl's pants then never talks to them again," Jasmine Andrews told her friend.
"Are you kidding me? Jasmine, how could you not be in love with him?" Carleigh grabbed a poster she had of Ryne Baines off of her wall. "Look at him! He's gorgeous!"
"Yeah, he's cute, but that still doesn't make him nice," Jasmine's phone rang. She picked it up off of the floor. "Hello?" she said.
"Oh my goodness, are you with Carleigh?" her friend Annabelle McGunther asked.
"Yeah, why?" Jasmine asked.
"Put it on speaker!" Annabelle demanded.
Jasmine pushed the speaker button on her cell phone, "Okay, what is it, Annabelle?"
"Guess who is coming to Orlando?" she said excitedly.
"Who?!" Carleigh and Jasmine asked at the same time.
"Ryne Baines!" she exclaimed.
"Ahhhh!!" Carleigh screamed. "Are you serious? That's awesome! When is he coming?"
"There's a Calm Insanity concert that's going on for New Years!"
"We are so totally going!" Carleigh was so excited. That was her favorite band of all time.
"Yeah we are! You, me and Jasmine!" Annabelle said.
"Umm, you guys could go ahead without me, I don't like Calm Insanity or Ryne Baines," Jasmine said.
"You're kidding right? He sings like an angel, plays guitar like an angel and he looks like an angel!" Annabelle said.
"Yeah, but he isn't an angel. If he's anything, it would be the devil!" Jasmine said.
"You don't even know him! He's not the devil, Jasmine," Carleigh tried to tell her.
Jackson Holt walked into the room, "You girls hungry? I made hamburgers," he said to his daughter and her friend.
"Oh, I'm coming over!" Annabelle said through the phone, and then she hung up. About five minutes later, Annabelle showed up at Carleigh's house. "I can't believe Ryne Baines is coming here, to Orlando, for New Years! That's so awesome!"
"Ryne Baines?" Alexus Holt said. Alexus is Carleigh's mother. "Who is that?"
"The devil!" Jasmine said.
"He's not the devil, Mom; he's the lead singer in Calm Insanity! They are coming here for a concert on New Years! Isn't that just amazing?"
"Yeah, too bad you won't get to see it live," Jackson said.
"What do you mean? Of course I'm going to see it live. Why wouldn't I get to?" Carleigh asked. No one responded. "I'm going to ask this one more time, why wouldn't I get to see Calm Insanity live?"
Jackson looked over at Alexus, then back over at Carleigh, "We are going to New York for New Years."
"What? No we aren't!" Carleigh yelled.
"Yes, we are," Alexus said.
"Why don't I get a say in this?" Carleigh asked.
"Because we are the adults and you are the child. We make the decisions, and you follow through with it whether you like it or not," Jackson said.
"But Calm Insanity is my favorite band! Can't you guys go without me?" Carleigh asked.
"No, we aren't leaving our seventeen-year-old in Florida while we go off to New York. You'll just have to go next time," Alexus told her daughter.
"Ugh, I hate you guys!" Carleigh got up from the table and ran into her room. Jasmine and Annabelle got up a few moments after her and went up to her door. One of them knocked on it, "Come in," Carleigh said.
"You okay?" Annabelle asked.
"I guess. I just can't believe them! They know that I have been waiting forever for Ryne Baines and his awesome band to come to Orlando! They throw away every opportunity for me to have even a little fun!" Carleigh complained.
"C'mon, Carleigh, you know they had no idea that your favorite band was going to be coming to town," Annabelle reassured her friend.
"Yeah, besides, Ryne Baines is the devil, you wouldn't want to meet him anyway," Annabelle and Carleigh looked over at Jasmine. "What? I'm telling you, he's horrible!" Jasmine said.
"Whatever, you're just jealous!" Carleigh joked.
"Are you kidding? Why would I be jealous of Ryne Baines?" Jasmine asked.
"Because you sing like a goddess and are undiscovered, and he sings like a God and is discovered," Annabelle said.
"Wow, really? You guys don't seriously think I'm jealous of him though, right? Because I'm totally not!" Jasmine said.
"Of course you aren't, Jasmine," Carleigh said.
"Can we talk about something else, please?" Jasmine grabbed the remote control off of the top of the television in Carleigh's room, "Let's watch some TV," she hit the ON button on the remote.
"Next up, we have an interview with the one and only Ryne Baines!" It was the Kellie Sanders show, "We will be asking him a ton of questions including the ones you send in to my website, www.KellieSanders.com, so stay tuned. We will be right back with The Kellie Sanders Show right after this commercial break."
"Why is everything always about Ryne Baines? I mean you guys won't shut up about him and neither will any TV station I would turn to! Let's just shut the TV off and talk," Jasmine said.
"Are you okay, Jasmine? You seem really upset," Annabelle asked.
"I would be perfectly fine if someone would shut the damn TV off!" Jasmine raised her voice.
"Jasmine, what is wrong with you?" Carleigh was very concerned about her friend.
"I just can't stand…" Jasmine began but was cut off by the TV.
"Ryne Baines, everybody!" Kellie Sanders said.
"Look, Jasmine, if you want us to shut it off we will," Carleigh assured her.
"Whatever, it's fine. I know you guys don't want to, so don't let me stop you," Jasmine said in an angry and snotty tone.
"Ryne, I just want to thank you very much for being on my show! It's a true honor!" Kellie Sanders told the rockstar.
"It's great to be on your show, Kellie. I watch it just about everyday. I can't get enough of looking at your beautiful face," Ryne said. He had such a dreamy voice that just made every girl melt at the sound of it.
"Oh, you're just too kind!" Kellie said. "Now tell me, Ryne, who was your inspiration for singing?"
"Actually, my inspiration was my mom. Her name is Paige Baines. She would sing for me every night right before I went to bed when I was little, and she died when I was ten," Ryne replied.
"Aw, that is the saddest thing I have ever heard!" Kellie said.
"Yeah, but if it wasn't for her I wouldn't have even started singing. But I know she would be proud, and that's all I really wanted to do, was make my mom proud."
"How could you think he is the devil, Jasmine? He's such a sweetheart!" Carleigh said.
"Yeah, that's how he makes all the girls fall for him," Jasmine said.
"Let's move on to the next question, Ryne. Why did choose Calm Insanity for your band name?" Kellie asked.
"Who wouldn't want their band to be called Calm Insanity? That's just sounds so cool. It's like an oxymoron," Ryne said.
"Good answer," Kellie said. "Next question, is your real name 'Ryne Baines' or is that just a stage name?"
"That is the name I was born with, actually. My mom named me that. My dad walked out on her when he found out she was pregnant with me."
"Wow, that's horrible!"
"Yeah, I live with my Aunt Alyssa and Uncle Kevin now."
"I see, do you have any cousins that live there as well?"
"Yes, Mason, Connor and Sarah live there too."
"Are they around your age?"
"They are much younger than I am. Mason is six, Connor is three and Sarah is one."
"Oh, well speaking of younger years, the next question is who your best friend was when you were a child?"
Jasmine looked over at the television, "Shut it off!"
"Why, Jasmine? You were fine with it like ten minutes ago," Annabelle said.
"Well, now I want you to shut it off!" Jasmine yelled. "Do it, shut the TV off, now!"
"Wow, um, my best friend from when I was little was Jasmine Andrews," Ryne said.


text:
Private operator may reopen Hall school
The ACT Government has left the way open for a private operator to reopen the Hall school.
In September the Greens and Liberal dominated committee gave a scathing assessment of the 2006 school closures saying they damaged local communities and were not based on sound research .
It recommended the Government should reopen Hall and Tharwa schools .
The Government initially said that was not going to happen and now the education minister Andrew Barr has categorically ruled it out.
But he will allow a registered private education provider to use part of the Hall site as a school if there is enough demand .
And he will also increase the number of pre-schools hours that are available at Hall and Tharwa.
Topics: education, schools, states-and-territories, canberra-2600
First posted


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The Orchard Park Hotel is located in Taoyuan's Aerotropolis. The Orchard Park Hotel comprises of 187 guestrooms. Rooms available include the Deluxe King, Executive King, Washitsu Suite, Executive Suite, Parkview Suite and Orchard Suite. Coupled with the hotel's exquisite food and perfect ...
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TA-DA!!! Your wish is my command, you guys wanted an interview and here you go! It has only been a few days without an interview and I think we are ALL having withdrawal symptoms. You know what I'm talking about, checking the site for new info, watching old videos just to see his face, and especially playing his cd just to hear that boy sing!!! That is Adam-Addiction to the MAX, and I'm proud to say we all have it. This is his first interview in the UK so go ahead…
video via: magsmagenta


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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - June 30, 2000, New Braunfels, Texas Water Restrictions ■ New Braunfels Utilities customers cannot water today Well users with addresses ending in 8 or 9 can water today after 8 p.m. Increased traffic patrols planned for weekendSafetyfirstLaw enforcement, outfitters ready for holiday weekend By Ron Maloney Staff WriterHerald-Zeitung I la..:i...........................................................:.............Z____________:_______ Vol. 149 No. 160 24 pages in 2 sections June 30, 2000 203**RL.L. FOR .ODC ?BO SO-WE ST (I I CRO PU BL I SHING I 9 2627 E YANDELL DR EL PRSC, TX 79903-3724 I County since 1852 50 cents See HOLIDAY/5A FELS By Heather Todd Staff Writer Law enforcement officials are beefing up traffic patrols on local and state roadways to make sure Fourth of July revelers stay safe and sober this holiday weekend. As many people head to rivers, lakes and tourist attractions, traffic inevitably increases on major highways. Texas Department of Public Safety expects to have all available troopers on the road from midnight Friday to midnight Tuesday to make sure drivers obey traffic laws. DPS Corporal Rick Alvarez of New Braunfels said, "As far as DPS is concerned in this area, this is a 'motorcide' weekend, which means we're going to have special emphasis on high visibility and emphasis on specific offenses, such as speeding, seat belts and DWIs (driving while intoxicated)." Alvarez said all local DPS troopers would work the holiday weekend to increase manpower throughout the county. Lt. Ed Whitson with Comal County Sheriff's Office said all available personnel from the sheriff's office would be on patrol as well, especially in the Farm-to-Market 306 area, FM 2673 around Sattler and River Road. County constables also will be out looking for drunk drivers and people driving recklessly, Whitson said. New Braunfels Police Lt. John Wommack said extra "People just need to pay a little more attention and drive a little more defensively."— Lf. Ed Whitson, Comal County Sheriff's Office patrol officers would work July 4 because of the city's fireworks show and other holiday activities. And, some officers will stay on shift longer if needed, but Wommack said the holiday weekend would mean business as usual. During the 1999 July 4 holiday, the state reported 32 traffic fatalities, 15 of which were alcohol related. DPS Director Col. Thomas A. Davis Jr. said, "Designated drivers are crucial to keeping drunk drivers off the road. Designated drivers should not drink any alcohol — even small amounts of alcohol can impair reaction time and judgment." Alvarez said because this weekend would be the first July 4 holiday of what's popularly regarded as the new millennium, alcohol consumption could increase. And the long weekend probably will not help. Whitson said, "With the Fourth of July falling on a Tuesday, people will probably take an extra day off which means they might be drinking a little more. Accidents will probably start picking up."See TRAFFIC/5A K. JESSIE SLATEN/Herald-Zeitung A common scene throughout the summer, a group of tubers heads for Landa Park, weaving through backed up traffic. Jam ups are inevitable this weekend — and law enforcement officials recommend driving extra cautiously. a good time." The river flow from Canyon Lake for the weekend has been set at IOO cubic feet per second by the GBRA. "This is a welcome time to have IOO cfs," said Zero Rivers, WORD board member and owner of Rockin' R River Rides. That's a good flow for swimming, tubing and boating, Rivers said. An ideal flow would be 300 cfs, Rivers said, allowing the opening of the entire river — without the water being too It is illegal to use, have or transport fireworks in the city limits of New Braunfels The Guadalupe River tourism and tubing trade is moving into its second — and possibly largest — holiday weekend of the summer with outfitters and public safety officials gearing up for four days of river fun — and action. dciiciidcdi Tens of thousands of visitors are expected over the four days, and folks who deal with them are ready. About 40,000 folks were here for the three-day Memorial Day weekend. Bill Mayo, president of the Water-Oriented Recreation District board, said Thursday that everything was in place for the Fourth of July. "This weekend and Memorial Day are usually our busiest," Mayo said. "All year long, we get ready. All the Port-a-Potties, all die dumpsters, all the mesh bags, all the advance preparation is in place. I've talked to Sheriff (Bob) Holder, and we've reviewed the law enforcement, what the plans are and where the personnel will be. We have law enforcement in place and ready to go." Mayo said WORD was spending about $170,000 on security this summer. Between WORD security employees and sheriff's deputies, 55 law enforcement personnel will be out in the county areas of the river. In the city, New Braunfels plainclothes and uniformed officers will patrol both the Guadalupe and Comal rivers. George Cushanick, WORD manager, was attending to last-minute details Thursday. "We're ready, We're in pretty good shape," he said. "The Guadalupe-Bianco River Authority will keep river flows very similar to what they were Memorial Day, and I think people are pretty enthused. I think people have realized we don't need to have the really high flows to have K. JESSIE SLATEN/Herald-ZeitungTubers at Landa Park, above and below, enjoy the sun Thursday afternoon near the Prince Solms' tube chute. Tens of thousands of visitors are expected during the coming weekend. rough. "If river outfitters had a Christmas list, that would be the first thing on it," Rivers said. Rivers said his company was not dropping tubers or boaters above First Crossing because it is too time-consuming to float that distance. "The most popular stretch is from Gruene to Cypress Bend Park," he said. "The Fourth of July is the No. I river weekend. We hope to stretch the holiday to five days this year through Tuesday. We've had really good business this summer. The next six weeks are a busy time for us. GBRA has been really good to us." Plenty of people were on the river having a good time for Memorial Day. Lt. Ed Whitson of the Comal County Sheriff's Office reported arrests and citations were about on a par with levels for previous years. Beginning about 5 p.m. today, sheriff's deputies and WORD security people will be out on the river, Whitson said. "The bottom line is public safety, just making sure everyone has a good time and everybody goes home alive," he said. "We'll have beefed-up enforcement all the way through Tuesday. We've got the regular 35-man river team out at IO locations. Along with those, we'll have seven river security teams hired by WORD to be our eyes and ears around the river," he said. City eyes increased rental rates for airport hangars By Jo Lee Ferguson Staff Writer Monthly rental rates for some hangars at New Braunfels' airport could increase in September. On Wednesday, the seven-member advisory board for New Braunfels Municipal Airport voted unanimously to ask city council for a 5 percent increase in the rental rates for T-hangars, Airport Manager Darrell Phillips said. One member of the board was absent. The airport's 30 T-hangars, used for small, individual airplanes, will be a year old in September, Phillips said. All of the T-hangars are full, he said. T-hangars rent for $160 or $175, the higher price for the larger corner hangars. If the council approves the 5 percent increase, the monthly rental rates will grow to $168 and $184, Phillips said. See AIRPORT/SA PHILLIPSInside Abby................................7 A Classifieds.......................4-6B Comics..............................10A Crossword........................7A Forum.................................6A Local/Metro........................4A Movies.................................7A Obituaries...........................3A Sports............................1-4B Today.................................2 A Television..............................10A www.herald-zeitung.com Key Code 76 Rate increases possible By Jo Lee Ferguson Staff Writer New Braunfels Utilities customers could see increased water and electric bills if a proposal to reduce subsidies in the company's budget is approved. On Thursday, the New Braunfels Utilities board of trustees received copies of the proposed financial operating plan for the 2000-2001 fiscal year. The group did not discuss the plan but will have a budget workshop 4:30 p.m. July 11. The proposed budget forecasts $63.7 million in revenues for the water, electric and wastewater systems combined and $58.5 million in expenses. Board members will consider approving the plan at their July 27 meeting. In OTHER ACTION■ New Braunfels Utilities board of directors awarded General Manager Paula DiFonzo a $5,000 increase in her annual salary at Thursday's meet-DIFONZO ln9' "There are some very tough issues included in this plan," said Cheryl Land, financial systems manager for New Braunfels Utilities. Among those issues is an effort to reduce the See NBU/5A ;
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I made a decision 24 years ago following an internship with the Dade County State's Attorney's Office in Miami that following my graduation from Law School I would devote all of my practice to the representation of criminal defendants. My father thought I was crazy and never thought I could sustain a practice like that but following my appearance on the O'Reilly Factor in September of 2003 for a racial-profiling case that received national attention, he looked at me and for the first time in his life, told me he was wrong.
I handle each client with professionalism & bring a vast amount of jury trial experience to the courtroom. I also pride myself on returning every call prior to leaving for the day.
Thank you.
Michael Erlich


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- - French sizing - Runs true to size - The mannequin is wearing a FR 38 - The mannequin height is 179cm / 5'11"
As seen on the runway. An eye-catching dress that can be given an urban edge when worn with biker boots. Please note the print on this style may vary slightly from piece to piece. Shown here with Chloé shoes. 100% wool; lining: 100% silk. Dry clean only. French sizing.
- As seen on the runway. Black and white wool shift dress with Secret Garden print. Chloé dress has two side slit pockets, an asymmetric round neck and a large zip at the back that runs the whole length of the dress. 100% wool; lining: 100% silk. Dry clean.
Product Code: 24153
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Product Code: 24153