text: President Barack Obama says the US will send up to 300 military advisers to support Iraqi forces confronting the radical Sunni militants Isis. He also insists American combat troops will not be fighting in Iraq again. Meanwhile, Iraqis in the northern Shia town of Tuz Khurmato mourn 31 people killed in an assault by Isis


text:
A People's Choice in Brazil
Published: November 25, 1989
Last week's opening round of Brazil's first direct presidential election in 29 years produced two runoff candidates of integrity and conviction. Either is likely to provide more inspiring leadership than the outgoing Jose Sarney.
Fernando Collor de Mello, the conservative, promises a populist crusade against government corruption. He favors open markets and a leaner, more efficient state. Luis Inacio da Silva is a charismatic former union organizer and militant socialist. Mr. da Silva, known as Lula, favors activist government and hopes to close the wide gulf between Brazil's elite and the poor majority.
Mr. Collor's views seem more in tune with the 1980's. Brazil's traditional oligarchs and its creditors find him the more reassuring of the two. But without some fairly radical social reforms, Brazil risks severe tension and instability. Some of Lula's proposed remedies smack of old-fashioned Marxism and may be unworkable, but the issues he raises are timely and need to be addressed.
Brazil is blessed with extraordinary natural and human resources. But an uneven postwar boom followed by a decade of debt and recession have left it with islands of wealth surrounded by a sea of deepening poverty. Two-thirds of the national income goes to 20 percent of the people, while the majority scrapes by on less than $100 a month. Brazil's polarization is starker than India's - and more explosive because, in major cities, the very rich live side by side with the very poor. Levels of education, literacy and public health are all shockingly low for the world's eighth-largest economy.
In the countryside, land ownership is highly concentrated, and vested interests keep land reform sidetracked. The land hunger of the poor contributes to ecological devastation of fragile areas. So do government policies favoring speculators over indigenous populations. Lula has broadened his support by raising environmental issues.
All these problems have gone largely unaddressed during the Sarney years. In early 1985 the departing military regime, worried that a leftist might be elected, resisted popular pressure for direct presidential elections. A backroom compromise anointed a popular centrist. But the designated president died suddenly before his inauguration, and the job went to Mr. Sarney, though he lacked both the political base and skills.
For Brazil to have survived five years of his misrule testifies to the strength of its economy and institutions. But Brazil can aim higher than survival. The backrooms produced a failure. The people will now, at last, have their say.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Photos: 2 Days, 2 Vehicles into homes in Lemoyne
On Tuesday morning, a Jeep crashed into a Lemoyne home. On Wednesday morning another car crashed into another homePHOTO: West Shore Regional Police
"On Wednesday morning, July 23, 2014 at 6:16 AM West Shore Regional Police Department officers were dispatched to the 200 block of Walton Street in the Borough of Lemoyne for a motor vehicle crash in which a vehicle had left the roadway, entered a private driveway, and sideswiped a parked truck before driving into a detached garage," a police statement recounted.PHOTO: West Shore Regional Police
Police stated, "Investigation found that the driver of a red Nissan Altima, Mychal Jamal BROADWAY, 23 year old male, had been traveling northbound on Warren Street and crossed Walton Street where he entered the driveway striking the parked truck and crashing through the garage door. Broadway who was not injured stated that he had fallen asleep at the wheel. He was cited for Careless Driving and Driving While his License was Suspended."PHOTO: West Shore Regional Police
Kellie Merrell, of Lancaster, drove her Jeep Cherokee through the intersection at Westwind Drive and hit a garage, according to West Shore Regional Police. Police cited Merrell. She was not hurt.PHOTO: West Shore Regional Police
A driver crashed into a home in Lemoyne, Cumberland County, Tuesday morning.
PHOTO: West Shore Regional Police


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Their voices called to me, urgently; they tugged at my brain, trying to force me back into a body I hadn't left, but felt like I had. I was terrified, not knowing what was happening. When I felt someone's hand close around mine, I opened my eyes.
"Oh, thank God."
Charlotte sat beside me, her face pale, eyes puffy. Her hair looked like she had been running her fingers through it constantly.
"Perry, he's awake!" she shouted, relief flooding her face.
"What happened?" we said at the same time.
"You don't remember?" she asked worriedly. "You collapsed, Parker."
Perry came into the room, carrying a glass of water, his eyes wide.
I sat up slowly and glanced around; I was upstairs, on the couch, in a room that overlooked the corn field. "How long was I out?"
"Not long," Charlotte said,but her voice told me that she was lying. "How do you feel?"
"Like I got hit by a truck," I muttered.
Perry handed me the glass of water and sank down beside me. He looked rattled. "Shit, Parker. When Charlotte screamed for me, I thought it was over something stupid – like a spider – but then I saw her holding you. You were so pale and limp I thought you'd died." He put his hand on my shoulder and squeezed. "I'm really glad you're didn't."
This was Perry's way of apologizing.
I sipped the water slowly, wondering how it tasted so good when no one had been here in a long time to take care of any of the plumbing. I decided it didn't matter. I was alive, with my friends, and tomorrow we would be out of here and back on the road.
"There's a shed full of tools," Perry said suddenly. "Didn't you see them when we walked up? Maybe there's gasoline we could take."
I shook my head.
"Why would whoever lived here just have gasoline around?" Charlotte asked.
We stared at her. Perry took this one.
"Whoever lived here before was a farmer, genius. They obviously needed gasoline for that tracker I saw outside. We just have to find the can, and we'll be able to get back to the car."
"I don't think we should move him," Charlotte answered, gesturing to me.
I sighed. "I'm fine. But Hansen's right. We need to find that gas can."
Neither of them spoke as I stood and walked to the window. Outside, the wind rustled through the corn field, and I watched as it turned the scarecrow around so that it faced the house. And when its head twisted upward to look at me, I recoiled, my heart pounding.
There was no fucking way that had just happened.
"Parker?" Perry said from behind me. "Dude, what's wrong? Your entire body tensed."
I shut my eyes, then opened them; the scarecrow was facing the field again. God, I was losing my mind. I turned and spoke.
"Let's find that gas can."
We should have left after that. But it wouldn't let us.


text: I'm an avid young writer and I love writing fantasy action adventure fiction books. If you like what I create, then please do criticize it, I take it all in and hopefully improve on my writing! I take inspiration from Garth Nix and J.K Rowling and her Harry Potter Books.


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Jabra Sport Pulse Wireless In-Ear Headphones with Heart Rate Monitor2728444 5707055038068
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The Jabra Sport Pulse Wireless is an all-in-one training aid, combining the flexibility and freedom of wireless headphones with Dolby quality sound and an in-ear heart rate monitor.
Key Features
- Pair your Jabra Sport Pulse Wireless to your Android or iOS device to stream music and use the Jabra Sports Life app as you exercise.
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- The biometric in-ear heart rate monitor provides precise feedback as you train to ensure you're exercising correctly.
- Jabra Sport Pulse wireless earbuds have an inline microphone and music controls so you can play and pause music, control volume and even take phone calls while you train.
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If you feel your product has failed a Consumer Guarantee (as defined by Australian Consumer Law) then don't worry you can easily return it to your local Harvey Norman store. We'll even pay for the postage if you live in an area where there is no store. Our returns policy covers any purchased item (conditions apply).
jabra sport pulse wireless in-ear headphones with heart rate monitor is rated out of 5 by 3.
Rated 5 out of 5 by geckomelks from Great sound, integrates with my endomondo The sound from my music is so much better than it was from my old iPhone headphones. The integrated heart rate monitor completes my sport activity monitoring and integrated with emdomondo tracker.
Date published: 2014-10-24
Rated 5 out of 5 by Sam Linn from A real step up for wireless headphones A fantastic piece of equipment. Clear sound, great range and the apps/ notifications of connection heart rate etc are very well done.
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Making Airplane Noises
by George Malik on 11/06/06 at 05:29 PM ET
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After polishing off the St. Louis Blues 3-2 on Saturday, the [Calgary Flames] travelled to the airport. Once there, Flames coaches, trainers and staff -- not to mention The FAN 960 broadcast crew -- actually shoved [a 737] down the runway. Really.
With everyone aboard, the step-truck, flush against the plane, had conked out. Which put takeoff in limbo. "The captain went out, looked at the tarmac, realized that there was a little bit of slope going backwards," said Flames coach Jim Playfair after Sunday morning's workout. "He asked for help."continued
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That is the claim from the creators of a new blockbuster exhibition on the opulent style associated with all that is over the top.
Michael Snodin, co-curator at the Victoria & Albert Museum, said there could be lessons for today.
"The French court style was a deliberate economic creation," he said.
"They decided they would devise a style that was distinctly French and good taste and they would get the best people to make things in that style and they would conquer Europe.
"They didn't want to pay for Venetian glass or for mirrors or furniture, for example. They wanted to make it themselves.
"It was a time when power was expressed in court consumption and where you got your stuff from was important."
The epitome of the Baroque is the magnificence of the great palace that Louis XIV created at Versailles.
Charles Le Brun, the court artist, then took the style and created a brand that the French exported worldwide, Mr Snodin said. They were helped by the Catholic Church which adopted it for its own ends in promoting the faith.
Many things we now take for granted in everyday life, from cutlery and wine coolers to proscenium arch theatre and city planning, were first adopted at the time of the Baroque.
But Mr Snodin said although the style was ostentatious, it was ostentatious with a reason.
"It was promoting kings, promoting the Church. It's not a style of over-decoration, it's about using ornament and design to control people. It is serious," he said.
The exhibition suggests that the Baroque was the world's first truly international style.
It includes about 200 Baroque objects from as far afield as the Philippines, Mexico and Peru to support that contention.
Visitors will also see depictions of the Palace of Versailles, rare furniture and a tapestry made for Louis XIV and art and architectural and sculptural designs by Rubens, Borromini and Bernini.
The show coincides with the anniversaries of the death of Handel and the birth of Purcell, two of the giants of Baroque music-making.
Baroque 1620-1800: Style in the Age of Magnificence opens this Saturday and runs until 19 July. With admission charge.
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|"Florent BENOIT (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (OPENJPA-148) Parsing exception while using an "exploded" archive
|Fri, 04 May 2007 16:58:15 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-148?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#action_12493739 ] Florent BENOIT commented on OPENJPA-148: ---------------------------------------- I tested with the last revision 535321 (that includes the second commit of this patch) and the deployment works fine on EasyBeans when using exploded archive. Thanks. > Parsing exception while using an "exploded" archive > --------------------------------------------------- > > Key: OPENJPA-148 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-148 > Project: OpenJPA > Issue Type: Bug > Components: jpa > Environment: Sun JDK 5.0 / EasyBeans / OpenJPA snapshot 0.9.7 > Reporter: Florent BENOIT > Priority: Minor > Fix For: 0.9.8 > > Attachments: debug_traces_directorymode.txt, debug_traces_filemode_working.txt, OPENJPA-148.patch, stacktrace-error.txt, steps.txt > > > This happens when using OpenJPA as persistence provider for the EasyBeans ObjectWeb container. > The error is happening with "exploded" archive. > Exploded means that there is a directory, named "entitybean.jar" with a folder META-INF which contains a file named persistence.xml, and other directories/files for the classes. > It seems that when using this mode, OpenJPA is trying to parse the directory inputstream (which is failing). > This exception is not occuring if a jar file is used instead of the "exploded" mode, but the exploded mode is the default mode for EasyBeans. > Note also that this exception don't occur by using Hibernate Entity Manager or Oracle TopLink Essentials as persistence provider. > I will attach to this issue a stack trace (with the exploded directory) which fails and at the end with a jar file (which work) > And 4 steps used to reproduce this problem -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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Technology Tasters: Social Media (Belconnen Library)
Libraries ACT
Thursday, 5 September 2013 from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm (AEST)
Event Details
Celebrate Adult Learners Week and learn new skills in this Social Media Technology Taster.
This session provides a snapshot of what social media is all about and how you can use it. Social media platforms include Facebook, Twitter, Flickr and YouTube. This is a friendly introduction session which can be tailored to your level of need and you are more than welcome to ask questions.
This program will take place at the public internet computers in the library.
Suitable for adults.
Bookings essential.
When & Where
12 Chandler St
Thursday, 5 September 2013 from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm (AEST)
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text:
MYC oncogene in myeloid neoplasias
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0926-8
- Cite this article as:
- Delgado, M.D., Albajar, M., Gomez-Casares, M.T. et al. Clin Transl Oncol (2013) 15: 87. doi:10.1007/s12094-012-0926-8
- Citations
- 651 Downloads
MYC is a transcription factor that regulates many critical genes for cell proliferation, differentiation, and biomass accumulation. MYC is one of the most prevalent oncogenes found to be altered in human cancer, being deregulated in about 50 % of tumors. Although MYC deregulation has been more frequently associated to lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia than to myeloid malignancies, a body of evidence has been gathered showing that MYC plays a relevant role in malignancies derived from the myeloid compartment. The myeloid leukemogenic activity of MYC has been demonstrated in different murine models. Not surprisingly, MYC has been found to be amplified or/and deregulated in the three major types of myeloid neoplasms: acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia. Here, we review the recent literature describing the involvement of MYC in myeloid tumors.


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Event description
The Ultimate Old School Party at the FunkyFish Club is one of Brighton's favourite Saturday night destination with resident DJ spinning classic hits from the 70's, 80's, 90's & 00's - Bee Gees, Blondie, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Spice Girls, Rick Astley, Robin S, Snap!, DJ Sash, Alice Deejay, Armand Van Helden, Faithless, Depeche Mode, Queen and many more!
Expect: Funk-Disco-Dance-Garage-House
>Doors from 10pm
>Entry £5.00
>Guest List contact
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Christmas Parties welcome!
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Product Description
CERTIFIED ORGANIC! Grazia is an improved Sylvetta type wild arugula that just never seems to bolt. Grow Grazia arugula in warmer weather or the cold of fall and early spring, and you'll have slow growing plants with fine leaf serrations and strong flavour. Grazia Organic arugula seeds are perfect for containers on the balcony, and they also make superb microgreens. Try Grazia organic arugula seeds in raised garden beds. With a little frost protection, Grazia can be harvested all winter long. Use heavyweight row cover for frost protection, or construct a small cloche greenhouse or cold frame for winter growing.
Matures in 50 days. (Open-pollinated seeds)


text:
The BBC repeats the slander against Pope Pius XII.
Last night, a report on BBC News on Pope Francis's visit to Auschwitz claimed that it was a visit motivated by reparation for the Church's silence during the Holocaust. (The full clip is not available on the BBC website). In fact, the visit was part of the Church's corporate commitment to remembering the Holocaust so that it may never be repeated — a commitment made by previous popes (see John Allen at Crux).
The idea that the Church was 'silent' during the Holocaust is an old canard that has been comprehensively rebutted by historians (see here). There were silent and complicit Catholics — and a few priests and bishops — but the claim cannot be made of the Church as a whole, of the German hierarchy, or of Pius XII in particular.
The following is a reflection by David Lord Alton provoked by the BBC report.
The BBC's reporter clearly didn't see the irony of stating that the Catholic Church had remained silent in the face of a genocide only to then describe how Polish Catholics were arrested and killed for sheltering Jews and how Fr Maximilian Kolbe was executed at Auschwitz after taking the place of another prisoner. Why was he in Auschwitz in the first place? He had been arrested for publishing a denunciation of the Nazis in his magazine, Knight, which had a circulation of around one million people. Hardly silence, then.
For a really interesting - and historically accurate - account, read "The Church of Spies."


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text: Do you think tape would work instead of nails or staples? Also, what is your plan for when you have to cover up the holes? I'm just considering all options. Could you be more specific with the materials you used? If this worked well then I'd like to try it out but want to make sure I'm getting all the right stuff.View Instructable »


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Proudly serving Edmonton, Sherwood Park & surrounding areas since 1960, South Side Memorial Chapel will help you customize your arrangements, while respecting your faith, taste and budget. You can feel confident putting your trust in our compassionate professionals.
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text: MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., Nov. 26, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Based on its recent analysis of the medical imaging market, Frost & Sullivan recognizes EOS imaging with the 2013 North America Frost & Sullivan Award for Product Innovation Leadership. The company's flagship product, the EOS, provides high-quality, whole-body images of a sitting or standing patient, using a fraction of the radiation dose required by conventional imaging methods. A unique modality with no direct competition in the market, the EOS is gradually establishing its presence in the orthopedic space, where it is finding application as a valuable diagnostic, as well as a pre- and post-surgical clinical tool. The EOS system uses simultaneous image acquisition from two connected imaging assemblies, enabling intrinsic 3-D weight-bearing modeling of the bone envelope from just two views. It also captures frontal and lateral views, without stitching, in a single, low-dose imaging episode. Furthermore, the resulting images are true-size with a one-to-one scale, enabling accurate and reproducible measurements, intuitive interpretation and better-informed clinical insight. The solution can acquire a full-body image of an adult patient in less than 20 seconds, of a pediatric patient in less than 15 seconds, and totals less than four minutes of exam time, even for the most complex procedures, such as spine imaging. These capabilities have resulted in a clinically effective, economically profitable, new imaging service line for providers. "The fast and efficient workflow designed for the EOS leverages not only high-performance technology components, but also intelligent software and patient ergonomics," said Frost & Sullivan Principal Analyst Nadim Daher. "With a full-fledged, end-to-end clinical solution, including imaging equipment, clinical applications and associated services, the EOS system competes effectively with the gold standards—radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A growing body of clinical research findings continues to establish strong evidence of the benefits of the EOS system with regard to its clinical value, the workflow it proposes, return on investment (ROI) model, and the low dose administered to patients." Compared to traditional radiography solutions, the competitively priced EOS system offers numerous avenues for revenue growth. The higher number of clinical procedures addressed by the EOS system, involving more clinical subspecialties, further boosts the ROI opportunity for providers, while generating synergies throughout the imaging enterprise.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 12, 1988
|Filing date
|Aug 7, 1986
|Priority date
|Aug 7, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Dwight G. Nishimura
|Original Assignee
|Stanford University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (65), Classifications (7), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The U.S. government has rights in the claimed invention pursuant to NIH Contract HV-38045 and Grant HL-34962.
This invention relates generally to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and more particularly the invention relates to the selective projection imaging of moving material by magnetic gradient manipulation.
Techniques are known for magnetic resonance angiography in which blood flow is imaged. U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,985 utilizes a temporal subtraction technique in which image data at two different time intervals is obtained and substracted so that data for static material cancels and data for moving material (e.g., blood) provides a residual image.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,582 excites nuclear spins in a thin slab and employs a gradient field to dephase excited spins of static material. After a time interval in which excited nuclear spins of blood flow from the thin slab, the nuclear spins and the slabs are again excited. Due to the dephasing of the static spins, substantially all of the subsequent resulting NMR signal will come from the excitation of spins of blood flow which moves into the slab during the time interval.
Application Ser. No. 663,542 filed Oct. 22, 1984 for FLOW MEASUREMENT USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE now U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,857 utilizes spin echo techniques to eliminate the effects of static nuclear spins whereby a residual signal from dynamic or moving nuclear spins is obtained.
An object of the present invention is an improved method and apparatus of NMR imaging of moving material using selective spin excitation.
Another object of the invention is a method of differentiating static material, moving material at a constant velocity, and moving material at a varying velocity.
A feature of the invention is the use of magnetic gradient waveforms having different moments during excitation of nuclear spins or detection of nuclear spin signals.
Briefly, the effects of magnetic field gradients are utilized in obtaining data for a plurality of images whereby the subtraction of imaged data will result in selective material imaging. More particularly, the zero moment of a magnetic gradient waveform affects the phase of static material and moving material, and the first moment of a magnetic gradient waveform affects the phase of constant velocity moving material but not static material. The second moment of a magnetic gradient waveform affects the phase of varying velocity moving material but not the phase of static material or the phase of constant velocity material.
Accordingly, the nuclear spins of a slice of a body are excited under different conditions of an applied magnetic field gradient so that data under the different conditions can be subtracted to eliminate selected material, either static or moving.
The invention and objects and features thereof will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and dependent claims when taken with the drawing.
FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate the arrangement of NMR apparatus and magnetic fields generated therein.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of NMR imaging apparatus.
FIG. 3A illustrates a symmetric bipolar gradient waveform that leads to velocity phase encoding, and FIG. 3B illustrates back-to-back symmetric bipolar gradient waveforms of opposite polarity that removes velocity phase encoding.
FIG. 4A illustrates multiple spin echo sequence with equally spaced 180� pulses in the presence of a constant gradient, and FIG. 4B illustrates the sequence without 180� pulses that gives similar phase history.
FIG. 5 illustrates a bipolar gradient waveform with general amplitudes and transition.
FIG. 6 illustrates a triple segment magnetic gradient waveform with general amplitudes and transitions.
FIG. 7 illustrates a one dimensional projection profile f(x) representing line integrals taken across the lumen of a vessel with circular cross-section of radius R and with a laminar velocity distribution of maximum velocity Vm.
FIG. 8A illustrates a computed projection profile of a vessel based on signals set up by a symmetric bipolar magnetic gradient with amplitude G and duration T, and FIG. 8B illustrates a one dimensional projection profile as a function of velocity Vm.
FIG. 9 illustrates a vector representation of signals from two images and illustrating phase subtraction.
FIG. 10 illustrates a vector representation of signals from two images illustrating magnitude subtraction.
FIG. 11A illustrates a conventional selective excitation with RF pulse and accompanying slice-select gradient with refocusing interval, and FIG. 11B illustrates a similar selective excitation but with added reversed bipolar segment to perform velocity rephasing.
FIG. 12A illustrates a conventional selective excitation sequence, and FIG. 12B illustrates a similar sequence but with slice-select gradient reversed to reverse the phase of flowing spins.
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate selective excitation sequences with different gradient amplitudes but the same time amplitude products during and after the RF pulse to excite static spins similarly but moving spins dissimilarly.
FIG. 14A illustrates a gradient-recalled echo sequence, and FIG. 14B illustrates a similar gradient-recalled echo sequence but with added reversed bipolar gradient segment to velocity rephase at the point of echo.
FIG. 15 illustrates the acquisition of both temporal subtraction measurements with gradient recalled echoes after excitation.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1A is a perspective view partially in section illustrating coil apparatus in NMR imaging system, and FIGS. 1B-1D illustrate field gradients which can be produced in the apparatus of FIG. 1A. This apparatus is discussed by Hinshaw and Lent, "An Introduction to NMR Imaging: From the Bloch Equation to the Imaging Equation", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 71, No. 3, March 1983 pgs. 338-350. Briefly, the uniform static field Ho is generated by the magnetic comprising the coil pair 10. A gradient field G(x) is generated by a complex gradient coil set which can be wound on the cylinder 12. An RF field H1 is generated by a saddle coil 14. A patient undergoing imaging would be positioned along the Z axis within the saddle coil 14.
In FIG. 1B an X gradient field is shown which is parallel to the static field Ho and varies linearly with distance along the X axis but does not vary with distance along the Y or Z axes. FIGS. 1C and 1D are similar representations of the Y gradient and Z gradient fields, respectively.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the imaging apparatus as disclosed in NMR--A Perspective on Imaging, General Electric Company 1982, A computer 20 is programmed to control the operation of the NMR apparatus and process FID signals detected therefrom. The gradient field is energized by a gradient amplifier 22, and the RF coils for impressing a RF magnetic moment at the Larmor frequency is controlled by the transmitter 24 and the RF coils 26. After the selected nuclei have been flipped, the RF coils 26 are employed to detect the FID signal which is passed to the receiver 28 and thence through digitizer 30 for processing by computer 20.
In accordance with the present invention waveforms of multiple magnetic gradients having selective magnetic moments are employed during the excitation of nuclear spins or during signal detection to achieve improved NMR imaging of moving material. For signal detection, the waveform of the magnetic gradient up to the center of the detected signal determines the first moment value. The effects of magnetic field gradients are utilized in obtaining data for a plurality of images whereby the subtraction of image data will result in selective material imaging. More particularly, the zero moment of a magnetic gradient waveform affects the phase of static material and moving material having a velocity component in the direction of the gradient, while the first moment of a magnetic gradient waveform affects the phase of continuous velocity moving material but not static material. The second moment of a magnetic gradient affects the phase of varying velocity moving material but not the phase of static material or constant velocity material. Before describing in detail several embodiments of the invention, the effects of magnetic field gradients on flowing material will be briefly reviewed.
In MR imaging, the received signal S(t) after quadrature detection can be expressed as (ignoring relaxation) ##EQU1## where ρ(r) is the spin density as a function of spatial position r at some reference time. In general, for a time-varying Gradient G(t), the phase φ(r,t) of an isochromat with positional time-dependence r(t) is ##EQU2## As will be discussed, flow sensitivity can be achieved by proper manipulation of the gradients in ways that create velocity-dependent phase modulations.
The simplest situation to consider is material flowing at a constant velocity v in the direction of a constant x-gradient. Hence, r(t)=(x+vt)x, G(t)=Gx (x the unit vector in the x-direction), and assuming t1 =0, ##EQU3##
Generally stated, the phase of static material depends on the area (zero moment) of the gradient waveform G(t) while the phase of constant velocity material depends also on the first moment of G(t). Hence the condition to remove phase dependence on x is ##EQU4## and the similar condition to remove phase dependence on v is ##EQU5## A useful gradient waveform is that shown in FIG. 3A, a single period of a squarewave. This pulsed bipolar (or biphasic) gradient results at time T in the well-known phase expression ##EQU6## linearly-dependent on v and, because the waveform area is zero, independent of x. This gradient thus provides a simple yet powerful means of velocity phase-encoding, which can become the basis for distinguishing flowing material from stationary material.
Similar to rephasing static material by reversing the gradient, the velocity-dependent phase shift set-up by the initial bipolar gradient can be exactly cancelled by applying a second bipolar gradient, of reversed polarity to that of the first (FIG. 3B). The resultant phase is ##EQU7##
This gradient waveform therefore makes phase insensitive to both spatial position and velocity although it does provide sensitivity to higher order motion such as acceleration. Velocity-rephasing via opposite bipolar gradient pulses explains the even-echo rephasing phenomenon in which spins subjected to a train of 180� (π) pulses while flowing in the direction of a constant gradient (FIG. 4A) are rephased on each even echo. Because the phase of the echo produced by a gradient after a 180� pulse is the same as that produced by a reversed gradient without the 180� pulse, the train of 180� excitations with a constant gradient amounts effectively to switching the gradient polarity back and forth without the 180� pulses (FIG. 4B). The repeated switching of gradient polarities leads to a waveform that takes the form of opposing bipolar gradients at the even echo locations, at which points velocity rephasing occurs.
The above results can be analyzed in a more general fashion. For a general bipolar gradient (FIG. 5), the phase expression is ##EQU8## The velocity-dependent result of equation (6) derived for the symmetric bipolar gradient case is obtained by setting A=-1 and B+A-AB=0. However, it is also possible to render the phase independent of velocity but maintain positional dependence. For velocity independence, the condition is
which implies ##EQU9## and results in ##EQU10## If A=-1, then ##EQU11## and ##EQU12## For a generalized triple-segment gradient waveform as given by FIG. 6, phase dependence on any combination of two parameters chosen from x-position, velocity, and acceleration can be eliminated. Including acceleration a, the phase expression becomes ##EQU13##
It can be shown that to remove both x and v dependence, and setting A=-1 and C=1 to keep the gradient magnitude constant, the conditions B=0.25 and D=0.75 must hold, corresponding exactly to the opposing back-to-back bipolar waveform as was previously mentioned. To remove both v and a dependence, and again setting A=-1 and C=1, it can be shown that B≃0.45 and D≃0.84.
Given the equation for φ, the resultant signal S(t) can be determined by evaluating equation (1). The expression simplifies considerably for the case of uniform or "plug" flow, and examination of the phase expression by itself often suffices to predict the signal in the resultant image. However, in the case of laminar flow, the presence of a parabolic velocity profile across the vessel lumen influences the resultant signal and image in a more complicated way. Whenever phase depends on velocity, a wide distribution of velocities can lead to significant phase cancellations, an effect which in part accounts for the so-called "flow-void" phenomenon occurring when a large velocity gradient exists over a pixel. Because each pixel in a projection image represents the line integral through the vessel lumen, the existence of significant phase variations over the lumen can lead to a significantly reduced signal due to destructive interference. Assuming a laminar flow distribution with peak velocity vm and a bipolar gradient as in FIG. 3A applied in the direction of flow, the transverse projection profile f(x) of a vessel with circular cross-section of radius R (FIG. 7) is ##EQU14## where ##EQU15## and C(x) and S(x) are standard cosine and sine Fresnel integrals respectively. FIG. 8A shows the progressive diminution of the projection magnitude |f(x)| with vm, and FIG. 8B plots the progression of phase of the projections. Although the peak amplitude decays asymptotically as 1/√vm with infinitesimally small pixel widths, the decay is more pronounced given the finite pixel width which effectively integrates over a phase variation that grows wider with increasing vm. Conceptually, the above results apply even in the presence of nonlaminar flow distributions as long as a velocity gradient exists over the vessel lumen to create sufficient phase dispersion.
Using the basic principles just described, the next section delves into specific methods that generate and isolate signals from flowing material.
Because signals from blood represent a small percentage of the total signal from the slice or volume, MR angiography requires that static material be eliminated from the image and therefore blood must at some moment be a source of signal to provide contrast.
The following sections describe subtraction methods that isolate the signal from flowing blood.
The basic idea is to manipulate the appropriate imaging sequence parameter in such a way that two measurements are acquired with similar static material signals but dissimilar moving material signals in either phase or magnitude. The vessel image is based on the resultant difference signal. A variety of parameters exist that can be controlled to give different signals from non-moving and moving material. For example, spin-warp imaging uses gradients for slice-selection, phase-encoding, and read-out (frequency-encoding), all of which provide a vehicle for creating flow-sensitivity in addition to their customary functions. The mechanisms for producing a difference signal are phase-contrast and velocity dephasing/rephasing. These mechanisms rely on changes in the first moment of a particular magnetic gradient waveform to produce a difference from signal flowing material.
When the range of velocity-dependent phase shifts is small enough over a volume element, signals related to phase differences can be obtained. FIG. 9 depicts by vectors the complex signal values from flowing material in two images based on gradients G1 (t) and G2 (t) respectively, where the difference in the vectors lies in phase and not in magnitude (amplitude). Numerous researchers have demonstrated this idea with bipolar readout gradients that give images whose complex pixel values depend on eikv (k is some constant). The imaginary part of the reconstructed image represents contributions from only flowing material because of the phase shift. A phase-contrast image provides quantitative velocity information in addition to anatomical vessel information because phase is proportional to velocity. In principle, this method requires only one set of measurements if the phase of static material is relatively uniform over the image field. However, if the image is fraught by phase variations over the field, a temporal subtraction approach is desirable to cancel out these variations.
In the velocity dephasing/rephasing temporal subtraction approach, one image is based on reduced signals from blood due to velocity dephasing, the other image based on coherent signals due to velocity rephasing. FIG. 10 shows the effect on the two signal strengths and the resultant difference in magnitudes. One specific tactic takes advantage of the pulsatile nature of blood flow in many arteries wherein two measurements are derived from excitations applied at two separate moments of the heart cycle corresponding to different blood velocities. The subtraction operation removes the static material component, which is identical in each measurement, but leaves a signal dependent on the unequal response of flowing material moving at distinctive velocities. One demonstrated method gates during diastole when blood flow is relatively quiescent and during systole when flow is rapid. A bipolar read-out gradient is applied in the direction of flow so that signals from blood in the diastole image add coherently because blood is effectively static. In the systole image however, the blood signals add incoherently owing to the wide distribution of velocities arising from the large laminar flow distribution. The systole image acts as a "mask" image which allows static material to be cancelled from the diastole image.
The following sections describe new methods for subtraction angiography using slice-select, phase-encoding, and readout gradients.
In a selective (say 90�) excitation pulse (FIG. 11A), a bipolar gradient naturally arises from the gradient reversal necessary to rephase the spins over the slice. Flowing material emerges from the excitation sequence with a velocity-dependent phase shift which induces phase cancellations, as discussed in the previous section, if the field and velocity gradients are large enough. However, if the gradient takes the form of opposing bipolar gradients as shown in FIG. 11B, then both static and flowing material will become rephased, and a readout gradient applied immediately thereafter yields the projection of the slice. Subtracting the magnitude of both projections thus cancels static material and leaves the rephased moving material.
For relatively slow velocities where phase dispersion is not sufficiently wide to cause cancellations, an alternative slice-selection gradient scheme for subtraction imaging is illustrated by FIGS. 12A and 12B. By simply reversing the gradient between excitations, identical static signals arise but the velocity-dependent phase shift will be equal and opposite for moving material. As was shown in FIG. 9, the subtraction image is formed by taking the magnitude of the subtracted signals.
Other possible excitation schemes use two sequences with different gradient strengths but with the same gradient-pulsewidth product to maintain the same slice width (FIGS. 13A and 13B). The subsequent refocusing gradient interval can be varied to further differentiate the phase modulation of flow.
As mentioned earlier, there have been several studies exploiting the naturally arising bipolar waveform of the readout gradient in imaging with (90�-180�) spin echoes. This velocity-dependent phase shift has been used for both phase-contrast imaging (slower flow rates) and coherent/incoherent difference imaging with pulsatile flow. One modification that provides a phase reference image and avoids reliance on pulsatile flow is to desensitize to flow altogether in one image by adding a reversed bipolar segment to the readout gradient.
Another form of spin echoes are gradient-recalled echoes which avoid the 180� pulses and are used for fast imaging. Utilizing the same destructive interference mechanism to create the mask image, the readout gradient waveform of FIG. 14 produces a gradient-recalled echo and creates the appropriate phase dispersion, while the image with vessel signals comes from using a double bipolar gradient waveform, as seen in FIG. 14B, to desensitize from velocity. This method does not require gating if sufficient phase cancellation occurs with the minimum velocity encountered. However, in certain situations, gating offers advantages. Because this method does not require differences in velocity between the two sets of measurements, both sets can be taken at the same portion of the cardiac cycle, thereby minimizing motion artifacts from the subtraction step. This gating procedure can also be used with the 90�-180� spin echo sequences with the single and double bipolar gradient arrangement.
Another alternative is to read out both measurements after the same excitation by employing multiple echo formation as with the gradient waveform of FIG. 15. Such a triple-segment waveform makes available both the velocity-dephased-measurement (first gradient-recalled echo) and velocity-rephased measurement (second echo). Subtracting the magnitude images eliminates the static tissue if negligible relaxation occurs between the first and second echo; otherwise, an image based on a third gradient-recalled echo can be acquired to provide the amplitude adjustments for the first two images. If errors due to chemical shift and field inhomogeneities are significant, multiple echo formation with 180� pulses can be used. Because both measurements are derived from the same excitation, this method possesses greater motion immunity and allows faster imaging than those methods involving separate excitations for the two measurements.
The effect of phase-encoding gradients in spin-warp imaging is to create a physical shift of the moving material in the image. For a variable amplitude phase-encoding gradient of constant duration τy, the resultant phase for a spin initially at yo and moving with y-velocity v is ##EQU16## Because τy is fixed and G is variable, the phase-encoding is identical to that of a static spin whose phase is
φ=γGyo 'τy, (16)
where yo '=yo +vτy /2. The equivalence implies that the effect of the phase-encoding gradient is to displace the moving spins in the image by an amount vτy /2 in the phase-encoding direction.
For flow along both the phase-encoding (vy) and readout (vx) directions, a spin at position (xo,yo) at the start of phase-encoding gets imaged at (xo 'yo '), where xo ' is the spin's x-position at the echo time. Hence the x-displacement, xo '--xo, equals vx Ti, where Ti is the time from the start of phase-encoding to the spin-echo, but the y-displacement, yo '--yo (vy τy /2 in the above example), depends on the phase-encoding waveform. Because xo ' varies independently of yo ', the position (xo ',yo ') does not in general lie on the trajectory of the spin. For long Ti, vx Ti can be large compared with vy τy /2, implying that (xo ',yo ') is displaced mainly in the x-direction with respect to the flow trajectory. Collectively, the image of such spins is a vessel shifted in the x-direction with blurring from velocity-dependent shifts if a distribution of velocities is present. This overall shift can be removed if yo ' is made to correspond to the spin position at the time of the echo as with xo '. For straight flow, this is done by using a phase-encoding gradient as in FIG. 5 with a first moment that makes
φ=γG(yo +vy Ti)τy. (17)
Because (xo ',yo ') of each spin lies on its trajectory, the collection of flowing spins gives an unshifted vessel image. Similarly, a gradient waveform that avoids both velocity and acceleration effects (FIG. 6) can be utilized for phase-encoding to avoid shifts or distortions from higher order motion.
To do subtraction imaging, the phase-encoding gradient can be designed to bring about phase cancellation over the line of projection as in the readout gradient case. By adding a fixed zero-area bipolar waveform with amplitude G1 and duration τ1 to the customary phase-encoding waveform, the resultant phase becomes ##EQU17##
Unlike in the readout case where the bipolar gradient serves a dual function, this G1 bipolar gradient is purely auxiliary and can be varied from one phase-encoding to the next. Because the "running" variable in the phase-encoding direction is G, the primary effect on the signals (assuming constant v for all phase-encodings) is determined by examining the "echo" condition or when G=0. The remaining term in the phase expression relates to the bipolar waveform and allows for the phase cancellation to form the mask image. If the running variable is τy (with fixed |G|), then in the phase-encoding scheme expressed by equation (18), the response of the resultant velocity-dependent reconstruction changes but phase cancellation continue to depend on G1.
To form the mask image reliably, G1 must be large enough to create sufficient dephasing for the minimum velocity gradient expected; otherwise, gating might be required to ensure large enough velocity gradients. If however the vessel is oriented in the phase-encoding direction, its spatial-frequency response lied predominantly in the low frequency region. Therefore, the most important phase-encodings to maintain consistency in the set of projections are the ones occupying the lower spatial frequencies.
For this discussion, a 2-D projection image consists of pixels representing line integrals along some direction through the volume. With MR, it is also possible by selective excitation methods to do projection imaging over a limited slab as opposed to a thin slice or the entire volume. This feature may be useful to avoid outerlying undesired flowing material that can create confusing signals in the image. Different gradient waveforms used for each of the following imaging methods influence the type of flow-sensitive methods that can be incorporated.
Conventional spin-warp (2-D Fourier transform) imaging can perform projection imaging by using non-selective or mildly selective excitations. If z is the customary slice-select direction, and x and y correspond to the readout and phase-encoding directions, then each pixel relates to the line integral along z. Although the entire sequence of measurements must be acquired before any part of the image can be reconstructed, there are means of reducing the number of measurements by restricting the field-of-view. In a "strip-scan" procedure, selective 90� and 180� pulses in a spin-echo sequence define an active region represented by the intersection of the slices selected by the two pulses. The 90� pulse initially defines a slice perpendicular to z, then the 180� pulse restricts the field-of-view to a strip perpendicular to y, the phase-encoding direction, hence reducing the number of required phase-encodings. Another way to reduce the number of phase-encodings is to excite a moderately thin slab with a z slice-select gradient and then phase-encode in the same z direction to gain good z resolution and give line integrals along y (assuming x is the readout direction). A multi-slab procedure (analogous to multi-slice imaging) results in pseudo line-scan (slab-scan) imaging--one level of z resolution from the slab definition, the second level of z resolution from phase-encoding. Flow-sensitizing methods involving phase-encoding and readout gradients are applicable to all these imaging methods. In addition, slice-select techniques can be used with the methods that restrict the field-of-view with the appropriate selective excitations.
This method builds a projection image in a line by line fashion, each line obtained by selectively exciting a thin slice and recording its 1-D projection with a readout gradient. After the signal from a particular slice is recorded, the projection from the next slice can be gathered immediately. Hence, an image can be formed very rapidly, in a matter of seconds, with a field-of-view dependent on the number of lines collected, and with resolution in one dimension dependent now on the slice width of the selective excitation. Because of the focal plane shutter effect, motion during the acquisition interval results in only geometric distortion. This imaging method can incorporate those flow-sensitive methods relying on slice-select gradients or readout gradients.
The preceding description presents several methods that manipulate imaging gradients, excitation parameters, or timing to create an image of flowing blood only. An assortment of projection imaging methods that can be suitably combined with the various signal-generating methods has also been discussed.
A key concept underlying many of the subtraction methods is that gradients create variable flow sensitivity (in phase or magnitude) while maintaining their imaging functions. Some methods rely on velocity changes occurring with pulsatile flow and require gating (typically to systole and diastole), while other methods rely on changes in imaging parameters and not on velocity changes for the basis of the difference signal. The latter methods are more flexible as they may use gating to the same portion of the cardiac cycle to minimize motion effects, or they may continue to use pulsatile flow to their advantage, or they may be applied in constant flow regions with fast imaging sequences. Because projection imaging gives the line integral across the vessel lumen, the velocity distribution over the lumen significantly impacts the resultant flow signal. Whereas uniform flow results in a coherent signal at a particular phase, laminar or general nonuniform flow can lead to a reduced signal due to phase cancellations. Hence with nonuniform flow, velocity phase shifts lead to dephasing and a loss of signal amplitude as compared with uniform flow or velocity rephased signals. The velocity dephasing/rephasing subtraction methods sensitize to velocity to eliminate flow signals and desensitize to velocity to create flow signals which remain in the subtraction image.
For projection imaging, thick slice spin warp imaging, which indirectly measures the line integrals by sequencing through a set of measurements, is well established and employs gradients easily amenable to flow sensitization. Methods that more directly measure the line integrals such as line-scan are far less established but offer significantly reduced imaging times which can be important in imaging certain vascular regions such as the coronary arteries.
There has been described a new and improved method of magnetic resonance angiography by selectively employing magnetic field gradients during nuclear spin excitation and signal detection to selectively remove stationary material and moving material from an image. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 7, 1986
Owner name: BOARD OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIO
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- The fast-paced, continually evolving field of quantitative PCR (qPCR) will be showcased at a CHI meeting in San Diego next month. Presenters will describe cutting-edge methodologies and emerging technologies such as digital microfluidics, nanopore and single-molecule sequencing, and improved ways to standardize data. Traditionally, the first step in ...
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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our uncomplicated sign up form and login to the site.
This step is optional but will dramatically multiply your chances of getting interest from other members on the site. Write a little about yourself, your hobbies and upload some good photos of yourself.
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The Lokayukta Deputy SP will execute the arrest warrant against Yeddyurappa.
The court ordered the arrest of Yeddyurappa in denotification of government land, which was exposed by HD Kumaraswamy, JD(S) chief, and advocate Sirajin Basha, who is the main complainant. Previously, even Karnataka High Court had rejected bail for the former CM.
However, Yeddyurappa's son and son-in-laws including BJP members, who were co-accused along with the former were grated bail.
Charges against Yeddyurappa:
The former CM is accused of misusing his office for denotifying government land in Rachenahalli in Bangalore South taluk which caused an estimated loss of about Rs 40 crore to the state exchequer.
Thus, Yeddyurappa will join the brigade of alleged tainted netas, who has been sent to jail over various corruption charges.
Katta Subramanya Naidu, another ex-BJP minister of Karnataka was jailed along with his son Katta Jagadish over land scam charges on Aug 8, 2011. However, duo haven't granted bail, yet rather languishing in jail for over two months.
Lokayukta police is expected to arrest Yeddyurappa in next few hours.
More details awaited
OneIndia News


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
Not surprisingly Motion was denied. Can the same papers be refiled at Court or new facts are needed? Attorney that missed status update made Motion to Set Asside Order of Dismissal, but never justified the reason for being late.
Victim has been getting prank calls about attorney ( potentially from respondent or his accomplices ) planning to failing victim and being a flip floper.
Attorney also had fail to communicate with client ( victim ) and never informed time of that status update. And hardly returned calls. Any instructions as to the refiling process will be appreciated.Attorney's lack of comunication to refile in timely manner or to respond in timely manner, matches respondent arrogant attitude of feeling above the law. Strange?
This sounds like legal malpractice. You should contact the professional board of the state..
henry lebensbaum esq 300 Brickstone Sq Ste 201 andover, ma -- email@example.com (978) 749-3606.
Criminal Law (all courts), Drunk Driving, Drugs, Violence, Sex Offenses, theft, SORB, Divorce Child Custody Alimony Child Support & Modification, Contempts & Paternity Juveniles Domestic Violence & Restraining Orders, Business Law, Personal Injury, Guardianship, Conservatorship & Estate Administration & Legal Malpractice. For these & other areas, contact me. Email sent may be copied intercepted or held by computers.
Criminal Law (all misdemeanor & felonies in District and Superior Courts), Drunk Driving and Drug arrests, Sex Offenses, SORB, Crimes involving Violence or Theft, Domestic (Divorce, Child Custody, Alimony and Child Support) and Family Law (Modification, Contempts & Paternity), Juvenile Law, Domestic Violence and Restraining Orders, Business Law, Personal Injury claims, Probate Law (Guardianships, Conservatorships & Estate Administration) and Legal Malpractice. For these and other areas, contact me. NOTE: This preceding message DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. It is not a protected or confidential communication. The statements made herein are not to be interpreted as representations or warranties of any kind. No reliance should be placed on the statements made herein. It is recommended that the recipient(s) should undertake their own research to reach their own opinion. The writer does not accept professional responsibility on this matter. TO CREATE an attorney-client relationship REQUIRES a signed retainer/fee agreement along with a retainer fee that must be received by my office.Ask a similar question
I have heard the same on a consultation today, about Legal Malpractice. Will be contacting your office for consultation. This attorney has caused a lot of problems.
Assuming that the order dismissing the restraining order / injunction was not dismissed with prejudice, you may file for another restraining order (and I would suggest with the help of another attorney). Typically, once you file, you are awarded a temporary injunction for two weeks, and then you go for the hearing (of which the date and time are on that temporary order). I would add the prank calls to the new application for restraining order.
This answer is provided for a general purpose, as I am not privvy to all the details or documents relating to your case. This answer does not establish an attorney-client relationship. Prior to taking any action, you should consult with an attorney who has the opportunity to learn all the factors of your case or situation.Ask a similar question
You can refile, but usually new facts are needed.
Contact through this site alone does not establish a client lawyer relationship. This information is not to be used as a substitute for consulting with an attorney. I or any of the attorneys at longwelllawyers would be happy to give a free consultation. Call 407-426-5757.
Longwell Lawyers
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Mercedes-Benz offers 17 new car models in India. GLA Class, E-Class and CLS are among the popular cars from Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz A-Class is the lowest priced model at Rs. 27.58 lakh and Mercedes-Benz AMG GT is the highest priced model at Rs. 2.46 crore. Select a Mercedes-Benz car to know the latest prices in your city, offers, variants, specifications, pictures, mileage and reviews.
`33.12 lakh Onwards
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India is the only country on the planet to get a long wheel base version of Mercedes' bestselling sedan in right hand drive. So a tailor-made super luxurious sedan which could turn the segment on its head. What's not to like
Mercedes-Benz has launched the C 43 AMG to slot in below the explosive C 63 AMG, as a rather affordable sports saloon. A few hot laps in the new AMG were more than welcome
How does the facelifted CLA, Mercedes' most affordable sedan, tempt you to step into the fold of the three-pointed star?
The revamped GLE will go on sale late in 2018 as a 2019 model-year car
The new diesel will sit in the middle of the range and give buyers the option of a less expensive and more efficient mill
Mercedes-Benz now offers something they like to call 'Advanced Assurance Program'. Let's make stuff simpler for you -
February 6, 2017
December 16, 2016
December 16, 2016


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China's Eight Major Cuisines - Min
Min Cuisine pays a great deal of attention on utilizing soup.As a saying about the region's cuisine goes: "It is unacceptable for a meal not to have soup". Fujian people like to use various kinds of sauces and seasonings to create the tastes of salty, sweet, sour and spicy. Salty seasonings include shrimp sauce, shrimp oil and soy sauce; sour seasonings include white vinegar and qiaotou (a vegetable similar to green onion and garlic); sweet seasonings include brown sugar and crystal sugar; sweet-smelling seasononings include brown sugar, spiced powder, aniseed and cassia bark; and spicy seasonings include pepper and mustard.The cooking techniques of Fujian Cuisine are: pan-frying, deep-frying, boiling, baking, stewing, mixing, sautéing with wine, stewing in gravy, grilling, cooking with red rice wine, simmering, stir-frying, smoking, braising and salting. Among them the most characteristic one is cooking with red rice wine, which includes stir-frying with red rice wine, and baking with red rice wine, quick-frying with red rice wine and deep-frying with red rice wine. The "drunken" (cooked in wine) dishes are prevalent in Fujian Province and very famous throughout China.Appealing dishes are countless, so we can only exemplify some of them:Fried golden bamboo shoot with chicken mince - every 100g of winter bamboo shoots will be cut into 500 - 600 strips with the same length and breadth. Then they can blend with the very small pieces of chicken.Buddha jumping over the wall - the most famous and classical dish, which has a long history since the Qing Dynasty.Dongbi dragon pearl - it chooses materials from the rare longan trees of thousand year's history in Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, the delicate scent is rather catching.'Fried Xi Shi's tongue'is made from the locally produced Fujian mussel. According to legend the concubine Xi Shi of the king of Wu state was thrown in the sea tied to a huge stone by the wife of Gou Jian, the king of Yue who destroyed Wu, to prevent her husband being seduced by her beauty. In the area of the sea where she sank, a special breed of mussel appeared and this was said to be Xi Shi's tongue.
Past coverage about: Min Cuisine Fujian Cuisine
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Contact CSX
To contact CSX for non-emergency issues, use TellCSX.
Report an Emergency: 1-800-232-0144
Report any issue that risks the safety of any person immediately. Be prepared to tell us your name, location and what you observed.
Corporate Headquarters
500 Water Street, 15th Floor
Jacksonville, FL 32202
CSX Transportation, Inc.
500 Water Street
Jacksonville, FL 32202
As CSX evolves its business strategies, the company continues to align its talent with the needed skills and resources. The diversity of CSX's business requires people with different abilities, backgrounds, and experiences who can be counted on to operate safely and contribute new ideas and business solutions.
The company is focused on developing the workforce for the future, training employees in technology, collaboration, customer insight, and influence and analytical excellence. CSX is also investing in more technology-focused work tools to strengthen the competencies of its employees and enable them to make decisions that drive efficiency and productivity.
CSX fosters an inclusive workforce where employees are engaged in support of the company's vision. One example of this is CSX's focus on recruiting military veterans, whose skills, including leadership, determination and teamwork, align with those needed to be successful at CSX. Twenty-five percent of new hires in 2015 are veterans.
To find out more information about how CSX is an employer of choice, read the Employees section of the 2015 Corporate Social Responsibility Report.
CSX issues an annual Corporate Responsibility Report to outline our approach, provide an update on the economic, workforce, environmental and social impacts over the last year, and track progress against goals. We believe sustainability and responsibility benefit all of our stakeholders. Download the report to learn more about how we operate and who we are.


text: ARMONK, N.Y., July 11, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- In the aftermath of one of the largest and most destructive storms to strike the heavily populated U.S. East Coast, IBM (NYSE: IBM) responded with pro bono consultants; strategies for both an immediate and long term response to disaster relief and recovery; and all of the technology and expertise needed to help establish the Hurricane Sandy New Jersey Relief Fund. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20090416/IBMLOGO ) Among the solutions donated to the fund and other key agencies in New York and New Jersey coping with the disaster was the SmartCloud for Social Business, which created the infrastructure necessary to launch immediate relief efforts, and will provide the cloud-based social collaboration tools that will sustain the fund during the long term recovery efforts. This was just one of many initiatives described in IBM's 2012 Corporate Responsibility Report, which outlines corporate social responsibility programs aligned with the company's Smarter Planet strategy to protect the environment, strengthen education and economic development, enable humanitarian research and improve the quality of life in cities around the world. "Because of IBM's knowledge and expertise, the Fund is able to provide relief to New Jersey families and communities in an efficient and effective manner," said Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey. In 2012, IBM expanded its Services Grant program in the US and abroad, awarding more than 350 grants worldwide. For instance, IBM donated SmartCloud services to help business owners in Italy recover from a 2012 earthquake, and helped improve the delivery of healthcare in Haiti through its collaboration with Colleagues in Care Global Health Network. Using the IBM SmartCloud for Social Business, medical professionals on the ground in Haiti now have access to an immediate online medical knowledge system that includes treatment options, clinical pathways, and best practices. IBM Smart Cloud for Social Business provides organizations with a complete social experience that includes access to tools such as online meetings, communities, file sharing, email, calendaring, instant messaging and more. In Korea, a similar grant to the Work Together Foundation supports the organization's goal of providing information to help improve human resource capacity and social entrepreneurship for members across its network. In Texas, SmartCloud for Social Business - the second such grant awarded SER Jobs for Progress National - enabled the organization to continue providing web conferencing, file sharing, networking and collaboration tools to its 22 affiliates across the country. IBM grants help communities accelerate cloud collaboration among key agencies, foster better decisions through predictive analytics, create greater value through social networks and re-imagine how services are delivered.


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Find a copy in the library
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|Compact discs
Music on cd
|Material Type:
|Document Type:
|Sound Recording
|All Authors / Contributors:
Davy Jones; Peter Tork; Michael Nesmith; Micky Dolenz; Neil Diamond; Gerry Goffin; Carole King; Tommy Boyce; Bobby Hart; Don DeMieri; Robert Dick; Monkees (Musical group)
|OCLC Number:
|All selections previously released.
Compact disc.
Historical notes ([4] p.) in container.
|Compilation produced for release by Mark Pinkus.
|1 audio disc : digital ; 4 3/4 in.
|I'm a believer / Neil Diamond --
The Girl I knew somewhere / Michael Nesmith --
Shades of grey / Gerry Goffin, Carole King --
Cuddly toy / Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart --
A little bit me, a little bit you / Neil Diamond --
Heart and soul / Howell, Byrne --
Someday man / Nichols, Williams --
Ceiling in my room / Davy Jones, Don DeMieri, Robert Dick --
Listen to the band / Michael Nesmith --
I'm not your steppin' stone / Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart.
|Other Titles:
|Girl I knew somewhere.
Shades of grey.
Cuddly toy.
Little bit me, a little bit you.
Heart and soul.
Someday man.
Ceiling in my room.
Listen to the band.
I'm not your steppin' stone.
|the Monkees.
User-contributed reviews


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Billy And Albert - Billy Connolly Live At The Royal Albert Hall
Release Date: 22 November 2004 | Certificate: Suitable for 18 years and over
Featuring: Billy Connolly
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The inimitable Billy Connolly in concert at the Royal Albert Hall in July, 1987. Over 25 of his best stories are featured, including 'High Fibre Diet', 'Thatcher And Reagan' and 'Visiting Scotland'.
Release Date: 22 November 2004
Certificate: 18 - Suitable for 18 years and over. Not for sale to persons under age 18, by placing an order for this product you are declaring that you are 18 years or over.
Actors: Billy Connolly
Directed by: Nobby Clark
Region 2
Running Time: 90 minutes
Production Year: 1987
Main Language: English
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Catalogue No: 8227623


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Ash: Just and average day... for me.
"A-A-Are you-"
"A weasle? Yes," I squeak, feeling very small.
"Wh-Why are you a weasle?"
"I dunno... can you shapeshift?"
"Yeah... why?"
"That'll be why then, if you excuse me," I continue to squeak, a little too high for my liking. I hold my clothes in my little hairy mouth and try to trot away, with all the dignity I have left.
I just about reach it to a changeing room styled place, alone, when I change back into my sixteen year old body. I gag, Hairball. Ew.
I quickly get changed into the clothes - which have been mended - hurrah.
For anybody else, this would be really weird. I mean, who else can turn into a weasle - when shapeshifting isn't your power - and get away with it. Sort of. Ish. I really didn't get away with it, did I? No. Thanks for the imput. Great, I'm a craaazzzy girl, having one of the weirdest in her head monologs.
I walk out wearing black jeans and my flannel shirt - at least that didn't perish. The shapeshifter is still in the other room, I decide to explore this weird, prison. Today's been rather boreing really, I mean c'mon. S'not as if me changing into another creature hasn't happened before.... That was rather amusing. Mum had to hide me from our crazy-ass villiage people. I think tomyself, as I stroll down the corridor.


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The last chance four-way match will open tonight's Destination X Pay-Per-View. The winner of the X Division Title tournament "play-in" match will immediately face Kid Kash, according to TNA president Dixie Carter on Twitter....Read More →
– Here's the final lineup for tonight's TNA Destination X Pay-Per-View event. TNA World Heavyweight Title Match Austin Aries vs. Bobby Roode Last Man Standing Match Christopher Daniels vs. AJ Styles Bound For Glory Series...Read More →
Here is the TNA Destination X pay-per-view card for this Sunday night: TNA World Title Match: Bobby Roode vs. Austin Aries Bound For Glory Series Match: Samoa Joe vs. Kurt Angle Last Man Standing Match:...Read More →
TNA Wrestling issued the following Friday regarding the ongoing X Division Title Tournament: Three weeks ago on IMPACT WRESTLING, Hulk Hogan gave Austin Aries a choice: To receive a World Title Match at Destination X...Read More →
PRESS RELEASE: Nashville's Own Crossfire Wrestling continues in 2012 with another HUGE event! Tickets are on sale now and selling fast, log onto www.crossfirellc.vze.com or call 724-355-3172 to secure your tickets NOW!!! ONLY A FEW...Read More →
– The general feeling backstage last night was that it was TNA's best effort in a long time. – Hernandez vs. Kid Kash at Slammiversary was designed for Hernandez's strength and power to get over....Read More →
– TNA Knockout ODB turns 34 years old today. – Kid Kash will be returning to TNA for next weekend's live events in Texas. He's been away training for a MMA fight. – Spike TV...Read More →
– Matt Morgan will continue appearing for TNA Wrestling despite reports that he has met his contractual obligations with the organization. He has been announced for TNA's upcoming Impact Wrestling live event tour of Texas—June...Read More →
Crossfire Wrestling Make-A-Wish Results 5/19/12 (Nashville, TN) Nashville wrestling fans came out to support the Make-A-Wish Foundation and Crossfire Wrestling on Saturday night. With 953 fans packing into the Tennessee State Fairgrounds Sports Arena, the...Read More →
– TNA star Gunner announced on Friday that he's signed a new deal that will keep him in TNA through 2015. He tweeted @TNA_Gunner: "Proud to say I've signed 3 more years with Impact wrestling...Read More →
– Thanks to Eric for the following TNA Impact Wrestling spoilers from Monday night's tapings in Orlando. These will air this Thursday on Spike: * Dixie Carter opens the show and wants to fire Bobby...Read More →
ImpactWrestling.com has released the official preview for this Thursday's episode of Impact Wrestling. Preview Thursday's IMPACT WRESTLING broadcast on SpikeTV at 9/8c. If you can't watch it Thursday, make sure to set your DVR to...Read More →
– Former WWE Superstar Ron Simmons has been added to a Crossfire Wrestling show on March 17th at the Nashville Fairgrounds Sports Arena in Nashville, TN. The event will benefit The Make-A-Wish Foundation. Also announced...Read More →
– Thanks to Eric for the following TNA Impact Wrestling spoilers from tonight's tapings in Orlando. These will air this Thursday: * The Pope and Devon became the new #1 contenders by defeating Mexican America...Read More →
TNA Turning Point Results November 13, 2011 From Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida Results by: Sean Hopkins of WrestlingNewsWorld.com We open the show with a weird video package that pairs political footage with highlights of...Read More →
Following Thursday's episode of Impact Wrestling, here is the final card for Sunday's TNA Turning Point pay-per-view: TNA World Heavyweight Title Match Bobby Roode (c) vs. AJ Styles TNA Tag Team Title Match Mexican America...Read More →
Credit to Matt Baxendell for the following notes from the Impact Wrestling taping which will air on November 10th… – Garrett Bischoff has a match with Gunner. Eric Bischoff and Ric Flair get involved. –...Read More →
The following is a spoiler-free preview for tonight's episode of Impact Wrestling, the go-home show before Sunday's Bound For Glory pay-per-view: – The Hulk Hogan vs. Sting contract signing for Bound for Glory. – TNA...Read More →
The following is a spoiler-free preview for tonight's Impact Wrestling show on Spike TV: * Hulk Hogan will make his "Major Announcement" * AJ Styles vs. Bobby Roode. * Ladder Match: Brian Kendrick vs. Jesse...Read More →
— TNA Wrestling announced Friday that Kid Kash will face Jesse Sorensen in a #1 Contender's Match for the X Division Championship this Sunday at No Surrender. Kash vs. Sorensen is the second X Division...Read More →


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Fully managed digital ordering platform for your restaurant. Complete with a custom website, mobile version, branded iPhone + Android Apps. Hosted securely on the cloud so you can focus on your customers and your business.Take A Tour Sign Up now
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Our online ordering software is built with the average joe in mind. It's so simple to use, you'll be able to create and setup your store in just a couple of days. Customers order food from your website, even on your facebook page or using your own branded iPhone & Android apps. Use our smart embedded Order Button to insert online ordering on any webpage or we'll create a stylish website for your restaurant.Tell me more
Our software is specifically tailored for restaurants. Set yourself apart with our secure & flexible restaurant ordering solution.
We all know the internet is the future. Chances are your valued customers are already on-line at home, in the office or on the go using their mobile device. We're confident that just a single use of your new ordering system will keep them engaged and wanting more.Take A Tour
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text: Currently I'm attending college and I'm looking for a tablet that I can carry with me that has the following features. Ability to display my e-text books. I should be able to convert them all to a pdf, so I really just need it to display pdfs well. Full internet experience. Browser + Flash + Java + whatever. Some sort of way for me to take notes and add in custom drawn stuff. That means a good enough touch screen for me to use a pen to scribble in Calculus stuff, or general notes and have them not be choppy. Along the same lines, if they have software for actually taking notes that's a huge plus. Anybody know of some good tablets that work well for this sort of thing, or have successfully used a particular tablet for these activities? I'm also looking for as cheap as possible without being a non working piece of crap. XD


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Enjoy a multimedia presentation and have an opportunity to get up close and personal with examples of the Ford Mustang automobile. Information: email@example.com. Few cars are so instantly recognizable, or as widely adored, as the first-generation Mustang. Unveiled at the 1964 New York World's Fair, the Mustang was a sleek and sporty car, named for a fighter plane with a slight European flavor. Dave Dickey, Richmond Region AACA member and Central VA MCA Club representative, will be your guide for an afternoon immersion into 50 years, five vehicle generations, and an overview of the nine million Mustangs that have enriched the American landscape.
Deep Run Park 9900 Ridgefield Parkway, Henrico County, Virginia 23233 View Map