text: YÖNETİM VE EKONOMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ Journal of Management and Economics Research Sayı: 23 Mayıs 2014 Dr. Fatma Müge ALGAN FUTURE OF EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION: EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR SERVICES Doç. Dr. Yasemin KESKİN BENLİ TÜRKİYE BORSASININ GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER BORSALARI İLE EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kenan Oğuzhan ORUÇ BULANIK HEDEF PROGRAMLAMA İLE MENÜ PLANLAMA Yrd. Doç. Dr. Levent Yahya ESER, Arş. Gör. Sedat POLAT ELEKTRONİK TİCARETİN TRANSFER FİYATLANDIRMAYA ETKİSİ Doç. Dr. Fikret ÇANKAYA, Doç. Dr. Engin DİNÇ, Yurdagül ÇOBAN ADLİ MUHASEBEDE UZMAN TANIKLIK MESLEĞİ: MUHASEBE MESLEK MENSUPLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cebrail MEYDAN, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sebahattin YILDIZ ŞİRKETLERİN ENTELEKTÜEL SERMAYESİ VE KREDİ DERECELENDİRME NOTU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aysa İpek ERDOĞAN BÜYÜME İMKANI GÖSTERGELERİNİN FİRMA BÜYÜMESİ TAHMİNİNDEKİ BAŞARISI: BIST ÖRNEĞİ Doç. Dr. İlker Murat AR, Ramazan Eyüp GERGİN, Prof. Dr. Birdoğan BAKİ İLLERİN TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİNİN KAMU MÜZELERİ AÇISINDAN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: MALMQUIST-TFV ENDEKSİ UYGULAMASI Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cüneyt DUMRUL, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yasemin DUMRUL OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU'NUN KAPİTALİST PATERNDE SANAYİLEŞMESİNİN ÖNÜNDEKİ ENGELLER ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME Doç. Dr. Mehmet ŞAHİN, Arş. Gör. Dr. Özge UYSAL ŞAHİN ARAP BAHARI'NIN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNE ETKİLERİ Arş. Gör. Çağrı İZCİ MUHASEBE VERİLERİNİN İŞLETMELERİN STRATEJİK YÖNETİM VE KARAR ALMA SÜRECİNDE KULLANIMI VE ÖNEMİ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Davut AYGÜN TMS 18 HÂSILAT VE TMS 2 STOKLAR STANDARTLARINA GÖRE FORFAITING İŞLEMLERİ VE MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ Okt. Yüksel YURTAY, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nilüfer YURTAY, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Eyüp AKÇETİN, Dr. Alper KILIÇ KONTEYNERDE YÜK OPTİMİZASYONU: ÖRNEK UYGULAMA Senem NART İŞ ORTAMINDA ŞİDDET, TÜKENMİŞLİK VE İŞ TATMİNİ İLİŞKİLERİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Yrd. Doç. Dr. Umut EVLİMOĞLU, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yasemin BOZDAĞLIOĞLU KÜRESEL KRİZ SONRASI ULUSLARARASI PARA BİRİMİ OLARAK EURO VE GELECEĞİ Res. Assist. Dr. Emrah ÖNDER, Res. Assist. Bahadır Fatih YILDIRIM VIKOR METHOD FOR RANKING LOGISTIC VILLAGES IN TURKEY Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hakan DEMİRGİL, Yrd. Doç. Dr. İbrahim Yaşar GÖK TÜRKİYE VE BAŞLICA AB PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDA ASİMETRİK VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMI Prof. Dr. Metin KOZAK, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yeşim COŞAR KARAR VERME STRATEJİLERİNİN ÖĞRENCİLERİN İŞLETME SEÇİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ Dr. K. Övgü ÇAKMAK OTLUOĞLU KARİYER BAĞLILIĞININ KARİYER BAŞARISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Doç. Dr. Hasan ABDİOĞLU, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sedat YUMUŞAK, Esma UYAR VERGİ USUL KANUNU VE TÜRKİYE MUHASEBE STANDARTLARINA GÖRE AMORTİSMAN KONUSUNUN İNCELENMESİ VE ÖRNEK UYGULAMALAR ISSN 2148 – 029x Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bandırma İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi yayınıdır. Dört ayda bir yayınlanır. BANDIRMA İİBF YÖNETİM VE EKONOMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ ISSN: 2148 - 029X YAYIN KURULU Sahibi : Prof. Dr. Mahir ALKAN (Balıkesir Üniversitesi Rektörü) Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü : Doç. Dr. Hasan ABDĠOĞLU Editör : Doç. Dr. Hasan ABDĠOĞLU Editör Yardımcıları : Doç. Dr. Burak DARICI Yrd. Doç. Dr. H.Aydın OKUYAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mine BĠNĠġ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nida ABDĠOĞLU Yayın Kurulu Yayın Kurulu Sekreterleri İndeks Bilgisi : : Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Cemil ERTUĞRUL (UĢak Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Aydın ÖZKAN (Hull Universty) Prof. Dr. Cengiz TORAMAN (Gaziantep Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Fatih BĠLGĠLĠ (Çukurova Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Sait KAYGUSUZ (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Oktay ÖKSÜZLER (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hacı Mehmet TAġCI (Erciyes Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hasan ABDĠOĞLU (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Burak DARICI (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Mehmet BARUT (Wichita State University) Doç. Dr. Mustafa KURT (Yalova Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Semih ÖZKUL (University of New Haven) Yrd. Doç. Dr. H.Aydın OKUYAN (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mine BĠNĠġ (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nida ABDĠOĞLU (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) ArĢ. Gör. Musa BAYIR ArĢ. Gör. Çağrı ĠZCĠ ArĢ. Gör. Devran DENĠZ TÜBĠTAK ULAKBĠM Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanı 2013 – Index Copernicus 2013- EBSCOhost 2013 – Arastirmax 2013 – Ulrichsweb 2013 – Akademik Dizin 2013 – Directory of Research Journal Indexing 2013- ASOS index 2011 – : Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ISSN: 2148- 029X) Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Bandırma Ġktisadi ve Ġdari Bilimler Fakültesi tarafından Ocak, Mayıs ve Eylül aylarında olmak üzere yılda üç kez yayımlanan hakemli bir dergidir. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi'nde yayımlanan yazılardaki görüĢ ve düĢüncelerden yazarları sorumludur. Derginin her hakkı saklıdır. Dergide yayımlanan yazılar kaynak gösterilmeden kullanılamaz. Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Bandırma Ġ.Ġ.B.F, Çanakkale Yolu Üzeri, 10200, Bandırma/BALIKESĠR Telefon : (0 266) 738 09 45 Fax : (0 266) 738 09 46 E-posta: [email protected] / [email protected] Web: http://www.bjmer.net/ YÖNETİM VE EKONOMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ HAKEM KURULU (Ġsim sırası ile) Prof. Dr. Adem ÇABUK (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ahmet KARAASLAN (Dumlupınar Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ahmet ÖZTÜRK (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ali AKDEMĠR (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ali YaĢar SARIBAY (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Aykut ÇOBAN (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. AyĢegül MENGĠ (Ankara Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Binnaz TOPRAK (Boğaziçi Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Cemil ERTUĞRUL (UĢak Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Cengiz TORAMAN (Gaziantep Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Cevdet AVCIKURT (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ceyhan ALDEMĠR (Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Doğan ġENYÜZ (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Edip ÖRÜCÜ (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ekrem ERDEM (Erciyes Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Erdal KARAGÖL (Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ersin KALAYCIOĞLU (Sabancı Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Fatih BĠLGĠLĠ (Çukurova Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Feray ODMAN ÇELĠKÇAPA (Uludağ Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Galip ALTINAY (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Gülay BUDAK (Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. H. 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Dr.Dr. Ahmet HicranMOLLA SEREL(Balıkesir (BalıkesirÜniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Yrd.Yrd. Doç.Doç. Dr. Dr. Alptekin Yrd. Doç. Dr. L. Yahya ESER (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr.Dr. Aydın Yrd. Doç. LütfiOKUYAN YALÇIN (Balıkesir (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr.Dr. Burcu ĠġGÜDEN KILIÇ (Balıkesir Yrd. Doç. M. Emin KARABAYIR (Kafkas Üniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Yrd. MetehanMEYDAN YILGÖR (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd.Doç. Doç.Dr. Dr.Cebrail (Kafkas Üniversitesi) Mine BĠNĠġ (Balıkesir (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Yrd.Yrd. Doç.Doç. Dr. Dr. Çağrı ESENER Yrd. Doç. Dr. Musa GÖK (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Derya ALTUNBAġ (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nida ABDĠOĞLU (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. DEMĠRKAPI Yrd. Dr. Doç.Ertan Dr. Özgür BĠYAN (Balıkesir (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Doç. Gülnil AYDIN (Balıkesir Yrd.Yrd. Doç. Dr. Dr. Özlem KIZILGÖL (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Üniversitesi) Yrd. 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Doç. Dr. Nida ABDĠOĞLU (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Özgür BĠYAN (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Özlem KIZILGÖL (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Recep KILIÇ (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sedat YUMUġAK (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tuncer ÇALIġKAN (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tuncer ÖZDĠL (Celal Bayar Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yavuz AKÇĠ (Adıyaman Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yusuf AYMANKUY (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zafer ÖZTÜRK (Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zehra ABDĠOĞLU (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zeynep YÜCEL (Balıkesir Üniversitesi) Dr. Aziz TURHAN (BDDK) Dr. Ġlhan ġAHĠN (T. Vakıflar Bankası) Dr. Murat ERTUĞRUL (Hazine MüsteĢarlığı) I Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) YÖNETĠM VE EKONOMĠ ARAġTIRMALARI DERGĠSĠ JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH Yayımlayan / Publisher: Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bandırma İİBF Sayı / Number: 23 Mayıs / May 2014 ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER / CONTENT FUTURE OF EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION: EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR SERVICES AVRUPA STANDARDİZASYONUN GELECEĞİ: AVRUPA HİZMET STANDARTLARI Dr. Fatma Müge ALGAN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1-17 TÜRKĠYE BORSASININ GELĠġMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER BORSALARI ĠLE EġBÜTÜNLEġME ANALĠZĠ ANALYSIS OF COINTEGRATION BETWEEN TURKISH STOCK EXCHANGE AND STOCK EXCHANGES IN EMERGING MARKETS Doç. Dr. Yasemin KESKĠN BENLĠ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…18-32 BULANIK HEDEF PROGRAMLAMA ĠLE MENÜ PLANLAMA MENU PLANNING WITH FUZZY GOAL PROGRAMMING Yrd. Doç. 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Dr. Sedat YUMUġAK, Esma UYAR…………………………………………...…….364-398 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 VIKOR METHOD FOR RANKING LOGISTIC VILLAGES IN TURKEY Res. Assist. Dr. Emrah ÖNDER Res. Assist. Bahadır Fatih YILDIRIM ABSTRACT Logistics villages are defined as a specific area of all the activities carried out by a variety of logistics-related businesses. They have specific features including size, distance to city center, accessibility, proximity to road/ airport/ railway/ maritime, office and IT infrastructure etc. Ranking logistic villages is a complicated task due to the fact that various criteria or objectives must be considered in the decision making process. Also in many real world cases the criteria are not equally important for the logistic managers and government authorities. In this study, we proposed a logistic village ranking model considering both Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods. Subjective and objective opinions of logistic managers/experts turn into quantitative form with AHP. VIKOR technique is used for calculating the logistic villages' ranks. The aim of this paper is to rank the 11 logistic villages in Turkey including İstanbul (Halkalı), Balıkesir (Gökköy), Eskişehir (Hasanbey), İzmit (Köseköy), Uşak, Denizli (Kaklık), Samsun (Gelemen), Mersin (Yenice), Kayseri (Boğazköprü ), Konya (Kayacık) and Erzurum (Palandöken). Keywords: Logistic Villages, Ranking, Logistic Management, Analytic Hierarchy Process, VIKOR Method, Multi Criteria Decision Making Jel Codes: D81, C44, E22 TÜRKİYE'DEKİ LOJİSTİK KÖYLERİN VIKOR YÖNTEMİ İLE SIRALANDIRILMASI ÖZ Lojistik köyler birçok lojistik ile ilgili aktivitelerin gerçekleştirildiği özellikli alanlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu köylerin büyüklüğü, şehir merkezine olan uzaklığı, erişilebilirliği, karayollarına/ havaalanlarına/ demir yollarına / limanlara olan mesafeleri, ofisler ve bilişim altyapısı vb. özellikleri önem arz etmektedir. Lojistik köylerin sıralaması karar verme sürecinde birçok kriter ve amacın dikkate alınması gerektiği için karmaşık bir işlemdir. Ayrıca birçok gerçek hayat vakasında lojistik sektör yöneticileri ve kamu karar vericilerine göre kriterler eşit öneme sahip değildir. Bu çalışmada Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Istanbul University, School of Business, Department of Quantitative Methods, [email protected] Istanbul University, School of Business, Department of Quantitative Methods, [email protected] 293 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Resenje) yöntemleri birlikte kullanılarak lojistik köylerin sıralandırılmasına ilişkin model önerilmektedir. AHP lojistik sektörü yöneticileri/uzmanlarına ait sübjektif ve/veya objektif fikirlerin nicel şekilde gösterilebilmesi için kullanılmıştır. VIKOR yöntemi ise lojistik köylerin sıralandırılmasında kullanılmıştır. Bu analizde amaç Türkiye'deki 11 lojistik köyün (İstanbul-Halkalı, Balıkesir-Gökköy, Eskişehir-Hasanbey, İzmit-Köseköy, Uşak, Denizli-Kaklık, Samsun-Gelemen, Mersin-Yenice, Kayseri-Boğazköprü, Konya-Kayacık ve Erzurum-Palandöken)sıralanmasıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Lojistik Köyler, Sıralama, Lojistik Yönetimi, Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi, VIKOR Yöntemi, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Jel Kodu: D81, C44, E22 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and today"s competitive environment forces companies to reduce costs. The basic condition for increasing the competition and continuity in domestic and global markets is to control costs. Locations depots have a great effect on operating cost and price. The evaluation of a logistic village location among alternative locations is a multi-criteria decision-making problem including both quantitative and qualitative criteria. All the factors should be taken into consideration because of the fact that the decisions for location selection compel a government to work under same conditions for time. If official decision makers and authorities select the wrong logistic village location, it may not have adequate access to firms, workers, vehicles, agents, and so on. The general process for making location decisions usually is composed of the following steps (Ertuğrul ve Karakaşoğlu, 2008): 1. Decide on the criteria that will be used to evaluate location alternatives. 2. Determine the criteria that are important. 3. Develop suitable location alternatives. 4. Evaluate the alternatives and make a decision. The aim of this paper is to identify the appropriate location providing profitability and productivity for the logistic sector. In this paper, distance and proximity data calculated via Google Maps. "Initial size of the land" and "effects on economy" data was taken from www.momentexpo.com and the working paper prepared by Aydın and Ögüt. "Cost of land" data was taken from ekonomi.haber7.com. All data is used to illustrate the logistic village evaluation procedure. We proposed a logistic village evaluation analysis using AHP and VIKOR methodologies. Subjective and objective opinions of experts turn into quantitative form with Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is applied to determine the relative weights of the evaluation criteria. AHP approach achieves pairwise comparisons among factors or criteria in order to prioritize them using the eigenvalue calculation. 294 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 AHP model was represented in a questionnaire to survey experts" opinions. The relative weight of each factor in the model was calculated. In this study, Bamyaci"s weights of criteria were utilized (Bamyacı, 2008). VIKOR technique is used for calculating the locations" ratings. This paper is arranged into five sections. The second section provides an overview of existing methods and studies. The third section shows the structure of the problem in Turkey. The next section describes the proposed approach and gives information about AHP and VIKOR methodologies. In section five, an empirical study is illustrated in Turkish logistic villages. Results of the study are presented in section six. Finally, concluding remarks and discussions follow. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Several approaches have been proposed in the literature for solving the logistic/distribution center problems. Some of these methods and applications are mentioned below. Janic and Reggiani (2002) illustrates the application of three Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods (Simple Additive Weighting, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution and Analytic Hierarchy Process) to the problem of the selection of a new hub airport for a hypothetical European Union (EU) airline. MCDM methods are applied to a preselected set of alternative airports. Seven preselected European airports are ranked according to nine performance criteria. These criteria are "Population of airport catchment area (million)", "Per Capita Income (ECU/inhabitant)", "Airport size (millions of passengers per year)", "Minimum generalized access cost (€/passenger)", "Total airline cost of operating two-hub and spoke network (million €)", "The average airport cost per service", "Airport capacity (aircraft/hour)", "Market share of the incumbent at given airport (%)" and "Utilization of airport capacity during peaks (%); € - EURO". Jaržemskis"s (2007) research focuses on logistics center concept and benefits for users. In this paper author presents intermodal benefit, forwarders impact, IT solutions, new transport flows due to synergy, better supply chain management, additional services, cost sharing, economies of scale, quality of the services, know-how, joint marketing impact, and benefit for growth of third-party logistics services. In the paper of Ballis and Mavrotas (2007) three alternative designs of the logistic village layout are compared using the PROMETHEE method. The multicriteria framework consists of selecting the most meaningful criteria of evaluation and the required decision parameters. Results of their analysis reveal the preference order of the alternative designs. In this research criteria are "Total warehouse area", "Conformity with the ideal standards", "Percentage of warehouse area allocated", "Road-road cross-docking", "Rail-road cross docking", "Direct railway access", "Length of rail dock", "Travel distance from/to external road network", "Traffic density in internal road network", "Number of roadrail crossings", etc. 295 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Lindholm and Behrends (2012) contribute to lay the groundwork for designing strategies to overcome the challenges involved in sustainable urban logistic transport. Potentials and shortcomings in urban logistic transport planning are presented and the results show that logistic transport is increasingly important for regional competitiveness while logistic traffic is a growing threat for urban sustainability. Cerreno et al. (2008) emphasizes in determining the feasibility of logistic villages for the NYMTC region. They investigated the NYMTC"s three goals (congestion mitigation, rational and efficient land use, and economic development) regarding location selection of logistic villages. Yanga et al. (2007) investigates distribution centers location problem under fuzzy environment via chance-constrained programming model. They integrate tabu search algorithm, genetic algorithm and fuzzy simulation algorithm to seek the approximate best solution of the model. Awasthi, Chauhan and Goyal (2011) present a multi-criteria decision making approach for location planning for urban distribution centers under uncertainty. Their model starts with identification of potential locations, selection of evaluation criteria, than use of fuzzy theory to quantify criteria values under uncertainty and application of fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate and select the best location for implementing an urban distribution center. Li, Liu and Chen (2011) present a comprehensive methodology for the selection of logistic center location. Their proposed methodology consists of two parts: Axiomatic Fuzzy Set clustering method for effectively evaluate logistics center location, and TOPSIS method for selection. Their case includes fifteen regional logistics center cities and thirteen criteria including "Weather condition", "Landform condition", "Water supply", "Power supply", "Solid castoff disposal", "Communication", "Traffic", "Candidate land area", "Candidate land shape", "Candidate land circumjacent main line", "Candidate land land-value", "logistic transport" and "Fundamental construction investment". Taniguchi et al.(1999) describe a mathematical model developed for determining the optimal size and location of public logistics terminals using queuing theory and nonlinear programming techniques for finding the best solution. They applied their model to an actual road network in the Kyoto-Osaka area in Japan. Sirikijpanichkul and Ferreira (2006) proposed a model to solve the conflicts in intermodal logistic hub location decisions based upon the multi-objective evaluation techniques with other supporting established modules including land use allocation and transport network models; financial viability; hub user cost; and environmental and traffic impact modules. The aim of this study is to propose a multi-criteria decision-making approach to evaluate the experts" preference orders, to examine experts" perceptions of location selection. The purposes of this study were to use Saaty"s analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to investigate the factors that experts consider when choosing logistic village locations, and to derive the relative weight of each factor. 296 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 3. STRUCTURE OF THE LOGISTIC VILLAGE LOCATION SELECTION PROBLEM Target of the government and logistic sector with the new investments, is find the optimum locations of the logistic villages. Capacity of current distribution centers cannot meet the customers/firms" demand, for this reason all logistic sector actors" management are planning building a new logistic villages in order to meet growing demand. The government determined eleven logistic village locations for the new distribution centers including İstanbul (Halkalı), Balıkesir (Gökköy), Eskişehir (Hasanbey), İzmit (Köseköy), Uşak, Denizli (Kaklık), Samsun (Gelemen), Mersin (Yenice), Kayseri (Boğazköprü ), Konya (Kayacık) and Erzurum (Palandöken) (Working Paper: Aydın and Ögüt). Criteria taken in to account for logistic village ranking are as follows: 1. Initial size of the land 2. Cost of land 3. Proximity to industrial zone 4. Proximity to airport 5. Proximity to harbor 6. Proximity to railroad system 7. Proximity to highway system 8. Effects on economy The candidate locations have advantages and disadvantages. These are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Features of Candidate Locations Location Balıkesir (Gökköy) Denizli (Kaklık) Erzurum (Palandöken) Eskişehir (Hasanbey) İstanbul (Halkalı) İzmit (Köseköy) Kayseri (Boğazköprü) Konya (Kayacık) Mersin (Yenice) Samsun (Gelemen) Advantages Cost of land Proximity to highway system Effects on economy Cost of land Proximity to railroad system Proximity to railroad system Proximity to airport Effects on economy Initial size of the land Effects on economy Initial size of the land Effects on economy Proximity to highway system Proximity to railroad system Proximity to airport Initial size of the land Proximity to highway system Proximity to airport Proximity to harbor Disadvantages Initial size of the land Proximity to industrial zone Proximity to airport Proximity to harbor Proximity to airport Proximity to harbor Effects on economy Effects on economy Proximity to harbor Cost of land Cost of land Proximity to harbor Proximity to railroad system Effects on economy Initial size of the land Proximity to harbor Proximity to railroad system Initial size of the land 297 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Location Uşak (OSB) Advantages Proximity to highway system Proximity to industrial zone Cost of land Disadvantages Proximity to harbor Effects on economy Initial size of the land 4. Proposed Methodology AHP is an effective decision making method especially when subjectivity exists and it is very suitable to solve problems where the decision criteria can be organized in a hierarchical way into subcriteria. The findings of previous studies about factors influencing experts" choice of location of logistic villages were first identified by literature review. Experts expressed or defined a ranking for the attributes in terms of importance/weights. Each experts is asked to fill ""checked mark"" in the 9point scale evaluation table. The AHP allows group decision making. One of the main advantages of the AHP method is the simple structure. AHP based weights were taken from Bamyaci"s research (Bamyacı, 2008). The questionnaires are answered by 42 experts (11 academicians, 13 public official logistic experts, 7 experts in customer firms, 11 experts of logistic firms). Experts are asked to compare the criteria at a given level on a pairwise basis to identify their relative precedence. 4.1. Using AHP to analyze priorities AHP was developed in the 1970s by Thomas Saaty is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology. It has been used extensively for analyzing complex decisions. The approach can be used to help decision-makers for prioritizing alternatives and determining the optimal alternative using pairwise comparison judgments (Liberatore and Nydick, 1997; Yoo and Choi, 2006). Weighting the criteria by multiple experts avoids the bias decision making and provides impartiality (Dağdeviren et al., 2009). The AHP is a selection process that consists of following steps (Saaty, 1990; Saaty, 2008; Saaty and Vargas, 2001): 1. Define the problem and determine the criteria. Factors and related sub factors must be correlated (Lee et al., 2012) 2. Structure the decision hierarchy taking into account the goal of the decision. 3. Construct a set of all judgments in a square comparison matrix in which the set of elements is compared with itself (size nxn) by using the fundamental scale of pair-wise comparison shown in Table 2. Assign the reciprocal value in the corresponding position in the matrix. Total number of comparison is n n 1 / 2 (Lee et al., 2012) 298 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Table 2. The Fundamental Scale of Pair-Wise Comparison for AHP Intensity of Definition Explanation 1 Equal importance Two activities have equal contribute to the objective 3 Moderate importance Experience and judgment slightly favor one activity over another. 5 Strong importance Experience and judgment strongly favor one activity over another Importance 7 9 2,4,6,8 4. Very strong on demonstrated importance An activity is favored very strongly over another The evidence favoring one activity over another is of the highest Extreme importance possible order of affirmation For compromise between Sometimes one needs to interpolate a compromise judgment the above values numerically Use overall or global priorities obtained from weighted values for weighting process. For synthesis of priorities obtain the principal right eigenvector and largest eigenvalue. Matrix A aij is said to be consistent if aij a jk aik and its principal eigenvalue ( max ) is equal to n. The general eigenvalue formulation is: w1 /w 2 1 w /w 1 Aw 2 1 . . w n /w1 w n /w 2 ai j wi / wj , . . . . w1 /w n w1 w 2 /w n . nw . . 1 wn (1) i, j 1, 2,....n (2) Aw max w (3) For measure consistency index (CI) adopt the value: CI (max n) / (n 1) (4) 299 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Accept the estimate of w if the consistency ratio (CR) of CI that random matrix is significant small. If CR value is too high, then it means that experts" answers are not consistent (Saaty, 1990). When CR value is less than 0.10, consistency of the comparisons is appropriate (Lee et al., 2012). The CR is obtained by comparing the CI with an average random consistency index (RI). CR CI (5) RI The following gives the average RI: Table 3. Average RI values n Random Consistency Index (RI) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.11 1.25 1.35 1.40 1.45 1,49 Briefly, maximized eigenvalue, CI and CR are found to obtain the weights of each criterion (Lee et al., 2012). Experts are asked to compare the criteria on a pair-wise basis to determine their relative importance. AHP was used in order to determine which logistic village location evaluation attributes are important and precedence order of 8 criteria, i.e., initial size of the land, cost of land, proximity to industrial zone, proximity to airport, proximity to harbor, proximity to railroad system, proximity to highway system and effects on economy. 4.2. Using Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I KompromisnoResenje (VIKOR) to Rank the Alternatives VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje-a Serbian name) was first presented by Opricovic (1998) and Opricovic and Tzeng (2002), for solving multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems based upon the adoption of Lp-metric concept (Opricovic, 2011; Opricovic and Tzeng, 2002) VIKOR method focuses on ranking and selection from a set of alternatives in cases of conflicting criteria (Chui et al., 2013) It is a technique for multi-criteria optimization of complex systems (Opricovic and Tzeng, 2004). Assuming that each alternative is evaluated according to each criterion function, the compromise ranking could be performed by comparing the measure of closeness to the ideal alternative (Zhang and Wei, 2013). The various J alternatives are denoted as a1 , a2 ,, aJ . For alternative a J , the rating of the ith aspect is denoted by f ij , i.e. f ij is the value of ith criteria function for the alternative aJ ; n is the number of criteria. Developing of the VIKOR method started with the following form of Lp-metric (Opricovic and Tzeng, 2004; Opricovic and Tzeng, 2007; Tzeng et al., 2005) 300 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 1 Lp , j p p n fi * fij wi * i 1 fi fi 1 p ; j 1, 2,, J (6) Within the VIKOR method L1, j are used to formulate ranking measure. The solution obtained by min j S j is a maximum group utility, and the solution obtained by min j R j is with minimum individual regret of the "opponent". The compromise solution F c is a feasible solution that is the "closest" to the ideal F * , and compromise means an agreement established by mutual concessions, as is illustrated in Fig. 1 by f1 f1* f1c and f 2 f 2* f 2c The compromise ranking algorithm VIKOR is conducted as follows: * Step 1. Determine the ideal f i and the nadir f i values of all criteria functions ( i 1, 2,, n ) according to benefit or cost functions. If the ith function represents a benefit then: fi* max fij , fi min fij (7) fi max fij (8) j j If the ith function represents a cost then: fi* min fij , j j Step 2. Compute the values S j and R j , j 1, 2,, J , by the relations n S j wi i 1 f f * i i * fij fi fi * fij R j max wi * i fi fi (9) (10) 301 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Figure 1. Ideal and Compromise Solution Where wi are the weights of criteria, expressing their relative importance. Step 3. Compute the values Q j , j 1, 2,, J , by the relation Qj S v S j S* R 1 v R j R* R* (11) S * min S j , S max S j (12) R* min R j , R max R j (13) S* Where j j j j and v is introduced as weight for the strategy of the maximum group utility, whereas 1-v is the weight of the individual regret. Usually the value of v is taken as 0.5 (Liu et al., 2013) Step 4. Rank the alternatives, sorting by the values S, R and Q, in decreasing order. The results are three ranking lists. Step 5. Propose as a compromise solution the alternative ( a ' ) which is ranked the best by the measure Q (minimum) if the following two conditions are satisfies: C1. Acceptable Advantage: Q a Q a DQ (14) Where a is the alternative with second position in the ranking list by Q; DQ 1/ J 1 ; J is the number of alternatives. 302 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 C2. Acceptable stability in decision making: Alternative a ' must also be the best ranked by S or/and R. This compromise solution is stable within a decision making process, which could be "voting by majority rule" (when v>0.5 is needed), or "by consensus" v≈0.5, or "with veto" (v<0.5). Here, v is the weight of the decision making strategy "the majority of criteria" (or "the maximum group utility"). If one of the conditions is not satisfied, then a set of compromise solutions is proposed, which consists of: Alternatives a ' and a if only condition C2 is not satisfied, or Alternatives a, a,, a M if condition C1 is not satisfied; and a M is determined by the M relation Q a Q a DQ for maximum M (the positions of these alternatives are "in closeness"). The best alternative, ranked by Q, is the one with the minimum value of Q. The main ranking result is the compromise ranking list of alternatives, and the compromise solution with the "advantage rate". Ranking by VIKOR may be performed with different values of criteria weights on proposed compromise solution. VIKOR is effective tool in multi criteria decision making, particularly in a situation where the decision maker is not able, or does not know to express his/her preference at the beginning of system design. The obtained compromise solution could be accepted by the decision makers because it provides a maximum "group utility". The compromise solutions could be the basis for the negotiations, involving the decision makers" preference by criteria weights. VIKOR technique is widely used in many fields including marketing (Tsai et al., 2011; Wang and Tzeng, 2012); material selection (Cavallini et al., 2013; Jahan et al., 2011; Girubha and Vinodh, 2012; Liu et al., 2013); vendor/supplier selection (Hsu et al., 2012; Shemshadi et al., 2011; Sanayei et al., 2010); project selection (Cristobal, 2011; Chen and Wang, 2009); company selection (Yücenur and Demirel, 2012); service quality evaluation (Kuo and Liang, 2011); financial performance evaluation (Yalçın et al., 2012); tourism policy improvement (Liu et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2013); location selection (Tzeng et al., 2002) etc. One of the advantages of VIKOR is that VIKOR method proposes a compromise solution with an advantage rate (Opricovic and Tzeng, 2004). Also pair-wise comparisons are avoided. 4.3. Combining AHP and VIKOR to Determine the Rank of Alternatives In analyzing the data, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIKOR methodologies are used for the outranking of logistic village alternatives. Figure 2 shows the steps of the proposed method. 303 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Figure 2. Steps of proposed method 4.4. Solving Case Problem To apply proposed method a real world logistic village location evaluation problem was solved. In this logistic village location evaluation problem there are 8 criteria and 11 candidate location including İstanbul (Halkalı), Balıkesir (Gökköy), Eskişehir (Hasanbey), İzmit (Köseköy), Uşak, Denizli (Kaklık), Samsun (Gelemen), Mersin (Yenice), Kayseri (Boğazköprü ), Konya (Kayacık) and Erzurum (Palandöken). The hierarchical structure to select the best logistic village location is shown in Fig 3. In order to identify weights of the criteria previous academic research done by Bamyacı (2008) was used. Criteria to be considered in the evaluation of logistic village location are determined by literature review. It was very hard to evaluate some of qualitative criteria. Therefore in this research just quantitative criteria were investigated.8 important criteria to be used for logistic village location evaluation are established. These 8 criteria are as follows: "Initial size of the land" (C1), "Cost of land" (C2), "Proximity to industrial zone" (C3), "Proximity to airport" (C4), "Proximity to harbor" 304 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 (C5), "Proximity to railroad system" (C6), "Proximity to highway system" (C7) and "Effects on economy" (C8). Figure 3. Hierarchical Structure for Logistic Village Evaluation As a result, only these 8 criteria were used in evaluation and decision hierarchy is established accordingly. Decision hierarchy structured with the determined alternative logistic village locations and criteria is provided in Figure 3. There are three levels in the decision hierarchy structured for logistic village location evaluation problem. The overall goal of the decision process is ""ranking logistic villages in Turkey" in the first level of the hierarchy. The criteria are on the second level and alternative locations are on the third level of the hierarchy. 305 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Figure 4. Location Alternatives of the Problem (Source: https://maps.google.com/) After forming the decision hierarchy for the problem, the weights of the criteria to be used in evaluation process are calculated by using AHP method. In this phase, the experts in the expert team are given the task of forming individual pairwise comparison matrix by using the Saaty"s 1-9 scale. Ranking Logistic Villages in Turkey Table 4. Weights Obtained Using AHP Criteria Weights Initial size of the land 0.106 Cost of land 0.165 Proximity to industrial zone 0.072 Proximity to airport 0.034 Proximity to harbor 0.158 Proximity to railroad system 0.153 Proximity to highway system 0.174 Effects on economy 0.137 Geometric means of experts" choice values are calculated to form the pairwise comparison matrix on which there is an agreement (Table 4). The results obtained from the calculations based on the pairwise comparison matrix are presented in Table 4. 306 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Figure 5. Overall Resulting Weights of Criteria Obtained with AHP 0,137 Effects on economy Proximity to highway system Proximity to railroad system Proximity to harbor Proximity to airport Proximity to industrial zone Cost of land Initial size of the land 0,174 0,153 0,158 0,034 0,072 0,165 0,106 0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 The "C7: Proximity to highway system" (0.174), "C2: Cost of land (0.165) and "C5: Proximity to harbor" (0.158) are determined as the three most important criteria in the logistic village location selection process by using AHP (Figure 5). Consistency ratios of the experts" pairwise comparison matrixes are all less than 0.1. So the weights are shown to be consistent and they are used in the selection process. The most important criterion is "C7: Proximity to highway system" (0.174) and the least important criterion is "C4: Proximity to airport" (0.034). Finally, VIKOR method is applied to rank the alternative locations. The priority weights of alternative locations with respect to criteria, calculated by AHP and shown in Figure 5, can be used as input of VIKOR (Table 5). The best and the worst values of all criterion functions are shown in Table 6. Table 5. Input Values of the Vikor Analysis Weights 0.106 0.165 0.072 0.034 0.158 0.153 0.174 0.137 Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 Distance Distance Distance Distance Distance (KM) (KM) (KM) (KM) (KM) 68.4 16.5 11 9.5 6.6 44.2 6.8 19.2 26.6 7.5 1 53 31.5 13.7 10.2 9.6 18.3 25.8 16.9 25.4 5.3 23.9 98.6 264 325 188 21.4 17.2 320 323 61 16.6 198 54.3 32.6 2.2 8.6 3.5 26 74.9 2.1 63.2 19.1 18 33 0.8 1 5.6 3.2 1.1 0.6 4.5 0.85 0.5 1.7 Logistic Villages Balıkesir (Gökköy) Denizli (Kaklık) Erzurum Eskişehir (Hasanbey) (Palandöken) İstanbul (Halkalı) İzmit (Köseköy) Kayseri Konya (Kayacık) (Boğazköprü) Mersin (Yenice) Samsun (Gelemen) Uşak (OSB) Meter Square 200,000 300,000 327,000 630,000 1,060,0 765,000 00 511,000 120,000 640,000 333,000 140,000 Index 0.48 0.7 0.1 0.7 2.65 2.1 0.06 0.57 0.89 0.55 0.32 Ton/Year 390,000 634,000 200,000 215,000 944,000 600,000 717,000 150,000 418,000 500,000 113,000 307 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 * Table 6. The Best f i and the Worst f i Values of All Criterion Functions Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 f i * (Best Value) Effect Initial size of the land Cost of land Proximity to industrial zone Proximity to airport Proximity to harbor Proximity to railroad system Proximity to highway system Effects on economy + + 1,060,000 0.06 1.00 5.30 16.60 2.10 0.50 944,000 fi (Worst Value) 120,000 2.65 68.40 53.00 325.00 74.90 33.00 113,000 Table 7. Calculation of Si and Ri for Criteria S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 C1 0.097 0.086 0.083 0.049 0.000 0.033 0.062 0.106 0.048 0.082 0.104 C2 0.027 0.041 0.003 0.041 0.165 0.130 0.000 0.033 0.053 0.031 0.017 C3 0.072 0.017 0.011 0.009 0.006 0.046 0.006 0.020 0.027 0.007 0.000 C4 0.034 0.019 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.008 0.014 0.000 0.013 C5 0.042 0.127 0.158 0.088 0.002 0.000 0.156 0.157 0.023 0.000 0.093 C6 0.110 0.064 0.000 0.014 0.003 0.050 0.153 0.000 0.129 0.036 0.033 C7 0.174 0.002 0.003 0.027 0.014 0.003 0.001 0.021 0.002 0.000 0.006 C8 0.092 0.051 0.123 0.120 0.000 0.057 0.038 0.131 0.087 0.073 0.137 By using VIKOR method, the ranking of alternative locations are calculated. With using Eq. 12 * and Eq. 13, we can obtain S = 0.194, S = 0.647, R* = 0.082, R = 0.174. Table 8 shows the evaluation results and final ranking of alternative logistic villages. Table 8. Calculation of Si and Ri for Criteria Logistic Villages Samsun (Gelemen) Eskişehir (Hasanbey) İzmit (Köseköy) İstanbul (Halkalı) Mersin (Yenice) Denizli (Kaklık) Uşak (OSB) Erzurum Kayseri (Palandöken) Konya (Kayacık) (Boğazköprü) Balıkesir (Gökköy) Sj 0.230 0.351 0.330 0.194 0.382 0.406 0.404 0.386 0.430 0.476 0.647 Rank 2 4 3 1 5 8 7 6 9 10 11 Rj 0.082 0.120 0.130 0.165 0.129 0.127 0.137 0.158 0.156 0.157 0.174 Rank 1 2 5 10 4 3 6 9 7 8 11 Qj (v=0,5) 0.039 0.383 0.411 0.453 0.461 0.477 0.533 0.627 0.661 0.720 1.000 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 C1. Acceptable Advantage: 308 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 DQ 1/ 11 1 =0.1 Q a Q a DQ →(0.383-0.039) 0.1→ 0.344 0.1 but Q a Q a DQ →(0.411-0.383) < 0.1 therefore the positions of Eskişehir (Hasanbey) and İzmit (Köseköy) alternatives are "in closeness". C2. Acceptable stability in decision making: Alternative Samsun (Gelemen) is in the best ranked by Q and R. This compromise solution is stable within a decision making process, by consensus. Depends on the RCj values, the ranking of the first three alternatives from top to bottom order are Samsun (Gelemen), Eskişehir (Hasanbey), İzmit (Köseköy) (Table 9). Proposed model results show that Samsun (Gelemen) is the best alternative with Qj value. Decision team can also investigate the other two alternatives Eskişehir (Hasanbey), İzmit (Köseköy) one more time. The positions of these two alternatives are close in VIKOR method. Depends on the analysis the least suitable logistic village is Balıkesir (Gökköy). Table 9.VIKOR Rankings Logistic Villages Qj (v=0,5) Rank Samsun (Gelemen) 0.039 1 Eskişehir (Hasanbey) 0.383 2 İzmit (Köseköy) 0.411 3 İstanbul (Halkalı) 0.453 4 Mersin (Yenice) 0.461 5 Denizli (Kaklık) 0.477 6 Uşak (OSB) 0.533 7 Erzurum (Palandöken) 0.627 8 Kayseri (Boğazköprü) 0.661 9 Konya (Kayacık) 0.720 10 Balıkesir (Gökköy) 1.000 11 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Logistic village location decisions are very important part in any countries" overall strategic plan. There should be more planning activities, efforts and long-term policy of logistic villages in Turkey. By using multi criteria decision techniques on logistic sector problems energy consumption can be minimized. In Turkey logistic costs still is a big part of the total product costs for firms due to energy prices. Increase the efficiency of logistics by using quantitative techniques also would decrease 309 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 traffic load in the urban areas and increase the performance of a logistics firms. Total traffic can be reduced by choosing correct location of logistic villages. It is important to analyze the criteria affecting government" logistic village location choices. Making direct road and rail access, creating highly developed infrastructure, avoiding traffic in urban area, reducing carbon-dioxide and noise, decreasing total transport costs would be useful conclusions of affective analyses of optimum logistic villages" locations. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision model for evaluating alternatives of logistic villages. For this purpose, a two-step methodology is introduced, in which the AHP emphasizes the most meaningful criteria via expertise of decision making team members. Then, VIKOR method applies AHP" weights as input weights. Finally, logistic village location problem was solved by using proposed method to show applicability and performance of the proposed methodology. By the compromise ranking method, the compromise solution is determined which would be most acceptable to the decision makers because it provides a maximum ""group utility"" for the ""majority"", and a minimum of individual regret for the ""opponents"". In next studies analytic network process (ANP) may be used to structure network and identify dependence among criteria. The proposed methodology can also be applied to any other selection problem involving multiple and conflicting criteria. Selection of the logistic village location can also be done using other MCDM techniques for comparing the results. The literature on quantitative decision making of logistic villages is relatively limited. There should be more research papers. In future researches more criteria including opportunities for possible site expansion, infrastructure of the land, physical conditions of the land, environmental factors, effects on traffic etc. can be analyzed in order to rank logistic villages. But generally it is hard to find all data related with these criteria in Turkish logistic sector. REFERENCES Awasthi, A., Chauhan, S.S. and Goyal, S.K., (2011). A multi-criteria decision making approach for location planning for urban distribution centers under uncertainty, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 53, 98–109 Ballis, A. and Mavrotas, G., (2007). Freight village design using the multicriteria method PROMETHEE.Operational Research. An International Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 213-232 Bamyaci, M., (2008). "Modern Lojistik Yönetimi: Organize Lojistik Bölgeleri İçin Bir Yer Seçimi Modeli" Istanbul Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, Doktora Tezi, In Turkish. Cavallini, C., Giorgetti, A., Citti, P. and Nicolaie, F., (2013). Integral aided method for material selection based on quality function deployment and comprehensive VIKOR algorithm, Materials and Design 47, 27–34 310 Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi – Sayı:23 (2014) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER236 Cerreno, A. L. C., Shin, H., S., Wieder, A.S. and Theofanis, S., (2008). 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18-Year-Old's Trial Begins in 2012 Triple Slayings
NewsRadio 920 WHJJ and the Associated Press
PROVIDENCE, R.I. (AP) — Prosecutors say an 18-year-old man plotted with three other people to steal money and drugs, leading to the fatal shootings of three people two years ago.
Attorneys gave opening statements Wednesday in the murder trial of Quandell Husband, charged in the July 2012 slayings at a Providence apartment.
The Providence Journal reports prosecutor James Baum said Husband may not have been the shooter, but he is just as guilty as the co-conspirators who acknowledged their crimes.
Defense attorney Thomas Briody said Husband was a mile away at home with his family when the killings occurred.
Husband is one of four men, including three teens, charged in the slayings of a young couple — Shemeeka Barros and Michael Martin — and their friend Damien Colon.
Three children were in the home at the time but weren't hurt.
Shutterstock Africa Studio


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Not quite what you're looking for? View similar properties or start a new property search.
Modern 3-bedroom house with lift, communal swimming pool and tennis court for sale, just 100m from the beach in Sant Pol de Mar, Maresme Coast, near Barcelona
- 3 Bedrooms
- 3 Bathrooms
- Size 200m² (2,152ft²)
A compact 200m² house built on a 400m² plot, located in a private urbanisation just a short walk from the beach and the centre of the village.
This attractive, well-designed, 3-bedroom house in St. Pol de Mar was built in 2009 and is presented in excellent condition.
The property is distributed over 3 floors, connected by a lift. At street level there is a 2-car garage, wine cellar and storage space. On the first floor there are 3 bedrooms (1 ensuite) and an additional bathroom. Upstairs the main living/dining room has a log fireplace and opens out to the small garden with a dining area. Also on this level is the kitchen, utility room and an additional living room with sea views.
The house forms part of a private urbanisation of 18 houses sharing a swimming pool and tennis court. The lovely beach of Sant Pol de Mar is just 100m away and the town centre is a 10 minute walk. Barcelona can be reached in just 45 minutes by car and in around 1 hour by train.
- Swimming pool
- Sea views
- Lift
- Alarm
- Terrace
- Air conditioning
- Garden
- Private garage
- Heating
- Fireplace
- Transport nearby
- Double glazing
- Built-in wardrobes
- Tennis court
Street level
• Garage parking for 2 cars
• Wine cellar
• Lift to upper levels
1st Floor
• Main entrance
• Master bedroom suite featuring dressing room and bathroom with bathtub
• Double bedroom
• Study/bedroom (with lift entrance)
• Bathroom with shower
2nd Floor
• Main living/dining room with doors out to garden and log fireplace
• Kitchen
• Laundry room
• Secondary sitting room with sea views
• Guest WC
• Small private garden with lawn
• 20m communal swimming pool
• Communal tennis court
The town of Sant Pol de Mar is located in the Maresme region, just 49 km away from the city of Barcelona. It is strategically positioned alongside the sea and very close to the mountains, between Catalunya's two capital cities, Barcelona and Girona, both of which have airports of their own as well as bus and train stations.
Sant Pol de Mar has the Carmen Ruscalleda Restaurant with 3 Michellin Star and the Sailing club recognized for the competition of dinghy sailing.
Contact us about this propertyLucas Fox Maresme
+34 935 952 490
- €475,000
- House / Villa For sale
- 3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms
- Size 200m² (2,152ft²)
- Plot size 400m² (4,305ft²)
- Reduced Price.
Energy rating
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Wind Turbine So Far
By: Shirley I., Angel C., Brandon L., Elizabeth C., and Jonathan P.
Major Components
DC brush less motor
Efficient and economic artifact to produce energy enough to charge batteries without the need of external energy.
Thank you!
Our Design
The Body Structure
Wood to give support to the rest of the design.
Hollow rectangular box that measures 3ft*3ft*6in
4 basic parts:
body structure
They all work together to produce the energy desired and generate power to charge the battery.
Criteria and Constraints
Blades determine how much energy is taken in and turned into volts.
3 blades
10 degree angle to make them as aerodynamic as possible
Made of PVC pipe
Length of 1 ft.
3 ft tall, horizontal PVC pipe that will support the whole artifact and connect the motor to the base
We don't need taller structure, but we could place wind turbine on top of a taller surface; only need enough energy to charge batteries
If there isn't wind, we'll create wind
Higher altitudes=More wind
Average size-More manageable
The components are the parts of the artifact that hold on to the main parts and make it work.
DC brush less motor because it would give us the least friction and more work.
Disk that will be attached to the blades on one side and on the other side it will be attached to the motor to recluse the energy.
Bike chain that we will attach to the blades' disk to the motor which will make it spin at a more controlled speed.
no bigger than 4 feet
no more than 20lb
be safe
be efficient
Blades- the more blades, the less rotor efficiency
Tip of Blades- Tapered tips means there is less noise
Rotor Diameter-Bigger is better; larger area can be swept
Aerodynamic Rotor Drag- the drag acting on the rotor and blades is the most significant
Calendar/ Next Steps
Next Week:
Finalized design
Gather materials
Design model on Autodesk Inventor
Weeks After:
Build prototype
Additional Info
Easy to transport
Have a moderate to low RPM
Produce 12 volts
DC Motor
BLDC motor:
Computer controls motor
No sparking and much less electrical noise
Uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, making it turn
Simple design and reliability=good choice for many uses
AC motors will turn at a constant rate, while with DC motors you can turn supply voltage up or down
The Schematic of the Turbine
Wooden Base
Blades and Disc to Attach Blades
Different Types of Blades
Present Remotely
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Wind Turbine
No description
Shirley Ibarraon 28 May 2015
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text:
Will there be any further FW updates for the Sharespace?
If so when?
Not possible to determine if this will occur, however WD does not announce when a firmware will be released.
Difficult to know, they should say if they have something in the oven or not.
Firmware updaters beware... the Sharespace product appears to be an afterthought to the WD team. Firmware updates trash units, people lose data and they do not provide support or any assistance in recovery. If it ain't broken... don't try and fix it. If you think the firmware update is necessary, back up all of your data prior to update.


text:
Ballesteros Still In Intensive Care
By Kickntrue on 10/27/08
Seve Ballesteros is in "serious but stable" condition after his third operation to remove a brain tumor.
The hospital said Thursday that the tumour has been classified as an "oligoastrocytoma (which affects ... cells that cover and protect the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord). It is located in an area that requires a very thorough approach of great complexity."It doesn't sound good but I know everyone in the golf world is rooting for Seve.
[ comments ]
no comments posted yet.
[ post comment ]
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text:
This full website whois and analysis report on Chucktownsquash.org was ran on May, 26, 2017.
GoDaddy.com, LLC (R91-LROR)
Samuel Candler
3190 West Andrews Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30305
Telephone: 14045382485
Samuel Candler
3190 West Andrews Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30305
Telephone: 14045382485
Samuel Candler
3190 West Andrews Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30305
Telephone: 14045382485
We include detailed information like the server IP Address which is 22.214.171.124. Chucktownsquash.org resides at GoDaddy.com, LLC in Scottsdale, AZ, United States. The domain Chucktownsquash.org was first registered on 05/18/2009 which was 8 years and 12 months ago and is set to expire on May, 05, 2015.
The Chucktownsquash.org Whois shows that the registrar is GoDaddy.com, LLC (R91-LROR) - but a full analysis for Chucktownsquash is below to assist you in your research including Whois, Alexa traffic rank, and server details.
The official title of Chucktownsquash.org is: Chucktown Squash Scholars
The official description of Chucktownsquash.org is:
Chucktown Squash provides academic guidance, athletic training, community service opportunities, and mentors, via an afternoon program that serves as a springboard, preparing low-resource, middle-school kids for wide-reaching success in the classroom, on the squash court, and in life.
It is 7:48 AM CEST when you ran this report for Chucktownsquash.org here on our website, IP-Adress.com. When it comes to Chucktownsquash.org, you can trust that if we have Whois information available for it, we will display it further below to assist in your research of Chucktownsquash.org. Feel free to run another Chucktownsquash related search, or start a new query.
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My IP is: 18.104.22.168


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"William A. Rowe, Jr." <wr...@rowe-clan.net>
|RE: Problem with apr_proc_mutex
|Fri, 28 Mar 2003 04:49:32 GMT
At 07:48 PM 3/27/2003, Spinka, Kristofer wrote: >My thoughts, > >1. The naming is absolutely necessary if other, non-fork()'d, processes >wish to find and use these resources; easily. Agreed, valuable on fork()less platforms and especially for all applications that won't fork (co-processes etc). >2. Using some sort of namespace identifier, such as your proposed "ApR" >is definitely attractive for diagnostic purposes. And namespace protection, as well, so that we don't trip on other mutex-using applications. >3. The whole 14 character b/s with POSIX is quite outmode, and many >platforms do *not* enforce this limit. Perhaps APR should have a strict >POSIX mode, and a "modern" POSIX mode that can be detected with a >configure-time test. +++1!!! Definitely preferable to determine this at build time. Fallbacks at runtime are also valuable, but for applications to have some sort of APR_MUTEX_NAME_MAX_LEN value is quite helpful. >4. Using a hash will destroy the human readability/associability factor >(during diagnostic time). :-( I absolutely agree... although diagnostic output (logs et al) does help. Remember we have an apr_proc_mutex_name() to recover the name used. >5. If APR applications allocate *many* system-globally scoped resources, >it might be better to stuff them into an APR managed shared memory block >(that has its own symbol name lookup table) and only consumes one global >identifier. Once a foreign process is attached to that globally-named >memory block, it can use some new APR API to search a dictionary >embedded at the head of that block. Absolutely. This thought mirrors my ideas for HTTPD, in terms of providing some mechanism for passing a large group of log file handles, mutexes and other shared resources. I was thinking about a pipe and list, but any which way conserving resources this way would be useful. Keep in mind, though, that atomics (while useful) aren't always the answer. Bill
|View raw message


text:
37,290pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
Bing is a villain in Ninja Turtles; the Next Mutation
Next Mutation
Bing was one of Vam Mi's servants and a small vampire. He appears in Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation. He and Chi Chu were very good fighters and had no problem defeating the Turtles on several occasions. His braided hair could be used as kind of a whip, and he did use it against the Turtles. Bing seemed more afraid of Vam Mi's power then Chi Chu. He was caught by Bonesteel when he spied on the hunter, but Bonesteel let him go.


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Miller's Guest House
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Room service
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Restaurant
- Beach
- Fitness/Health center
Photos of Miller's Guest House
- Restaurant
- Beach
- Fitness/Health center
- Bar/lounge
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Kitchenette
- Suites
- Room service
TripAdvisor Reviews Miller's Guest House Tobago
Travel Blogs from Tobago
Magical Mystery Tour
A scientists' day! An 8am start ! Walk in the rainforest with tons of chattering birds that kept hiding in the canopy. Discovered 2 waterfalls..in the middle of nowhere.. But still a touristy trail.. Maybe 15 were traipsing that we passed on the route. Many species of trees and flora.. I am old so don't remember all the names and you don't really care! One of most fascinating sights is following the trails of the leaf cutter ants. They cut and carry parts of a leaf to a home ...
Beaches of Tobago
Yesterday was a very busy day as we travelled the island and discovered beaches as requested by Mark Pearce! It was a tough job but we took it on! The Atlantic side is choppier but temperatures similar to the Caribbean side! First stop was beer shooters and stretch of legs. Lunch of snapper and trimmings was on the beach at Charlottesville, the upper tip of Tobago! ...
Day of adventure
... enough to head off with his snorkelling mask and pictured lots of fish and coral and a ray! Lunch was at Englishman's bay at Eula's treetop restaurant! Here we ate "Blow up rotis" which we all rated delicious. Once home we read a review that said to avoid at all costs due to criminal behaviour! Heh we think we got my sarong purchase for free! So we would go back! 18 km in this country takes an hour due to drives through up and down rain forested ...
I had 5 days in Trinidad and Tobago and chose to spend a majority of it in Tobago due to it being smaller and quieter. Typically the capital cities in the islands are not as nice as far as beaches go. I actually arrived the Port of Spain airport in Trinidad and bought a $25 flight to Tobago. The Tobago Airport drops you off right in downtown Crown Point, which isn't too big. You can walk to anywhere in Crown Point from the airport in 5 ...
Shift in the Universe
... the glass.
That's it for the 2011 Curling Season highlights. A year to be remembered by some, a year to be forgotten by others (more easily forgotten at Barry's age). Be assured that talking about it will occur every time the Finney Team meets up with the Not the Finney Team!
A MERRY MERRY CHRISTMAS and HAPPY NEW YEAR to the
"Killer B's" and the "the Not Finney Team" from the Finney Team


text:
Due to the overwhelming success of our new lead management product, RAPID! Response™, DMT has additional career opportunities for Dealer Care Representatives in our head office in Winnipeg. This role requires the right mix of automotive experience and professionalism to provide sales, service, and training to our automotive dealer network in Canada. Our national brands that include Volkswagen, Kia, Toyota, Lexus, Honda, Acura, Volvo, Mitsubishi, Hyundai, Jaguar, and Land Rover, represent over 1000 dealers that we provide with dealer websites, lead generation/management tools, showroom software, and support services.
Do you enjoy understanding dealers' needs and have a desire to help them succeed?
Do you have automotive retail experience?
Do you embrace and understand new technologies?
Do you enjoy the automotive business but desire a change in environment?
Only the right people make a successful team. With over 150 employees, 10% of our team has migrated directly from the automotive sector to help build DMT into an international company that services automotive OEMs and their dealers in Canada, U.S., and Europe.
About the Role and You:
DMT requires Dealer Care Representatives. You must be outgoing, organized, motivated, and possess excellent communication skills. You will be assisting professional salespeople and sales managers who require help leveraging our software solutions to enhance the sales process on the showroom floor. Your automotive experience will be combined with our technology training program to lay the foundation of a lasting career at DMT.
Responsibilities will include…
If you are ready for the challenge, please forward your resume to firstname.lastname@example.com. You can make a difference at DMT!


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Show Us Your: Workspace
In this first Design Instruct "Show Us Your:" showcase, we gathered a few office snapshots from our staff, authors and friends to give you a candid look at their workspace. May it be inspiration from arts hanging on the walls, information from books and magazines scattered on the floor, or simply the need to be organized for functionality; these photos portray the working environment behind real graphic design and digital art professionals. Share your own workspace photos in the comments!
How would you picture the perfect workspace? Well, if it's productivity you seek, the Harvard Business Review published that the four things you can do to optimize your workspace are: cut the clutter, keep frequent-use items close, put related items together, and adjust as needed.
But, in the lives of graphic design and digital art professionals, how do these translate to inspiration or piece together in the ever becoming freelancing environment? Take a look below.
Bryan Salva
Location: Cleveland, OH, USA
Website: Bryan Salva
Matthew Berry
Location: Bloomington, IN, USA
Website: Matthew Berry Creative
Nikola Lazarevic
Location: Nis, Serbia
Website: webexpedition18
David Peña
Location: Long Beach, CA, USA
Website: HALF ASLEEP
JC Parmley
Location: Manila, Philippines
Website: Design Instruct
Christian Bailey
Location: Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
Website: Christian Bailey
Hyungho Tim Lee
Location: New Zealand
Website: Tim-lee (deviantART)
Jan Cavan
Location: Southern California, USA
Website: Dawghouse Design Studio
Callum Chapman
Location: Melbourne, Australia
Website: Circlebox Creative
Location: UK
Website: DesignArticleWriters
Katy Wright
Location: IN, USA
Website: Katy Wright (Coroflot)
I hope you enjoyed these candid photos from the Design Instruct staff, authors and friends.
It's your turn! Show us your workspace in the comments and discuss what really makes your office work.
16 Comments (Add yours)
These are so great! Thanks for sharing! JC I love what you have on your screen ;) I love the clean and simple look of Jan Cavan's space, and how Hyungho Tim Lee's amazing art surrounds him while he works. Great Stuff! My office has to double as my guest room so I try to make it functional and and inspiring for me, inviting for my guests, and comfy enough to sit in and fight dragons all day.
I love this post! It's nice to see a little into fellow creative's lives. Keep them coming!
Nice work from Hyungho.
Not sure if my comment went through as it had multiple links.
Here's mine. It's not the best looking setup in the world, but it's super ergonomic. :) Desktop Shot
Dar, broken link. Sorry!
Here's mine. It's not the best looking setup in the world, but it's super ergonomic. :) Desktop Shot
WOW – I like your setup. It's heaven for a gamer :-) But one of the things that really helps me in my work is multiple screens. I don't have mine setup just yet, but it's very nice to minimize the need to scroll, alt+tab and find reference.
Winner: Jan Cavan Btw, some have REALLY uncomfortable chairs :p
this is very inspiring :).
need to do some housework now my desk is covered in paperwork and coffee cups
The carpet is looking a bit scruffy, but here's mine: http://reeddesign.co.uk/panoramas/office.html
interesting and very inspired me…
Jan Cavan, definitely.
His workspace is what I'd imagine mine to hopefully be one day.
Quite interesting. Jan Cavan's workspace is the best one in my opinion! I dream with this kind of home-office… I'll get one like this someday! ;)
all of them looks great :)
im diggin'….
will submit an image soon ;D
Here's mine.
Perfect setup for responsive development.


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Buddhist-Christian Dialogue as Theological Exchange
€ 30,49
Lieferbar innerhalb von 2-3 Tagen
April 2015
BeschreibungThis book is intended to encourage the use of comparative theology in contemporary Buddhist-Christian dialogue as a new approach that would truly respect each religious tradition's uniqueness and make dialogue beneficial for all participants interested in a real theological exchange.
As a result of the impasse reached by the current theologies of religions (exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism) in formulating a constructive approach in dialogue, this volume assesses the thought of the founding fathers of an academic Buddhist-Christian dialogue in search of clues that would encourage a comparativist approach. These founding fathers are considered to be three important representatives of the Kyoto School--Kitaro Nishida, Keiji Nishitani, and Masao Abe--and John Cobb, an American process theologian.
The guiding line for assessing their views of dialogue is the concept of human perfection, as it is expressed by the original traditions in Mahayana Buddhism and Orthodox Christianity. Following Abe's methodology in dialogue, an Orthodox contribution to comparative theology proposes a reciprocal enrichment of traditions, not by syncretistic means, but by providing a better understanding and even correction of one's own tradition when considering it in the light of the other, while using internal resources for making the necessary corrections.
""Ernest Valea has written a book that is remarkably clear, wonderfully perceptive, and enjoyable to read. It is accessible to specialists and the general reader alike. In introducing Romanian Orthodox sources into the current debates in Christian-Buddhist studies, Valea is extremely original. . . . [This book] is highly recommended as both a significant contribution to the field and also an extremely clear and stimulating introduction to the state of the discipline.""
--Paul Williams, Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy, Centre for Buddhist Studies, University of Bristol
""A weighty theological contribution characterized by impressive scholarly coverage of modern trends within comparative theology. Using the concept of human perfection as Buddhahood in Mahayana Buddhism and as Theosis in Orthodox Christianity, Valea is bringing the most significant voices within the two traditions into conversation, generating fresh insights and breaking new ground for Buddhist-Christian dialogue. [A] thorough, thoughtful, and thought-provoking discourse inviting the reader to engage with the Other in the pluralistic, multireligious world of today.""
--Parush R. Parushev, CSc, PhD, Director of the Institute for Systematic Studies of Contextual Theologies with the Centre for Just Peacemaking Study and Research,
International Baptist Theology Study Centre Amsterdam
Ernest M. Valea presented this book as his PhD thesis at the University of Wales (2013). He is the author of The Buddha and the Christ: Reciprocal Views (2008).
Untertitel: 23:B&W 6 x 9 in or 229 x 152 mm Perfect Bound on White w/Gloss Lam. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Pickwick Publications
Erscheinungsdatum: April 2015
Seitenanzahl: 264 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


text:
Eurotunnel is accused of being too weak in standing up for itself He intends to return to speaking out on behalf of shareholders. He led an action group before joining the board.
Cambier said the nightly invasions by asylum seekers are costing Eurotunnel much more than the £20m it admitted this week. He is pressing French presidential candidates to pledge effective action.
The outspoken Frenchman, who runs his own fund management company, Prigest, and has 1.5m Eurotunnel shares, said travellers are just over half the 12m once forecast - 'a huge fiasco'.
He blames train operators for 'incoherent' pricing policy. He is unhappy that the tunnel's management team is becoming 'British dominated' and asks how they can effectively lobby French politicians.
- More about:
- Eurotunnel
- Railroad Traffic
- Railway


text:
SYDNEY (AFP) – Police in Melbourne have shot dead a "known terror suspect" who stabbed two officers, a day after the Islamic State group called for Muslims to indiscriminately kill Australians, officials said Wednesday.
The 18-year-old, whose passport was cancelled a week ago on security grounds, was killed on Tuesday evening, having arrived at a police station on the outskirts of the city to attend a "routine" interview.
It came as tougher counter-terrorism laws were introduced to Australia's parliament on Wednesday to combat the threat of foreign fighters, with a proposal to criminalise travel to known terror hotspots without a legitimate reason.
Terror suspect Abdul Numan Haider was met by two members of the Joint Counter Terrorism Team and greeted them with a handshake before pulling out a knife and attacking both men, with one stabbed in the head, neck and stomach.
One officer fired a single shot that killed him, police said, adding that the teenager was carrying two knives.
The Sydney Morning Herald said he had an IS flag with him and planned to behead officers and post the images online, although police would not confirm this.
"I can advise that the person in question was a known terror suspect who was a person of interest to law enforcement and intelligence agencies," Justice Minister Michael Keenan said, adding that the attack was unprovoked.
Both police officers were in a stable condition after undergoing surgery.
The attack came after IS militants released a statement Monday urging the indiscriminate killing of citizens of countries taking part in the US-led coalition against the group, which has seized swathes of Iraq and Syria and declared an Islamic "caliphate".
Australia was singled out, along with the United States, Canada and France.
"Obviously, this indicates that there are people in our community who are capable of very extreme acts," Prime Minister Tony Abbott said in a statement.
Canberra this month raised its terror threat level and last week carried out large-scale raids in Sydney and Brisbane to disrupt an alleged plot by IS supporters to abduct and behead a member of the public.
The government believes up to 60 Australians are fighting alongside IS extremists, while 20 have returned and at least another 100 are actively working to support the movement at home.
Underlying Western jitters about the threat they could pose, the Counter-Terrorism Legislation Amendment (Foreign Fighters) Bill introduced to Australia's parliament would make it a crime to travel to places considered terror hotspots without a valid reason, such as aid work or journalism.
The offence would be punishable by up to 10 years' imprisonment.
The proposed changes also create a new offence of 'advocating terrorism' which would carry a maximum penalty of five years in prison.
Victoria state police chief Ken Lay said the teenager "had one thing on his mind, and that was to do the most amount of harm to these two people as he could".
"We were aware of this young man and had been for number of months. The fact that the joint counter-terrorism task force was doing work around him indicates our level of concern," he added.
Haider was reportedly being investigated after unfurling an IS flag in a local shopping centre recently and posting inflammatory remarks on social media.
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation said Haider's family was from Afghanistan and he had links with Islamic group al-Furqan in southeast Melbourne, which was targeted in terrorism raids by police in 2012.
The rise of IS and moves to tighten counter-terrorism laws have raised tensions in the Muslim community, with leaders on Wednesday detailing a backlash that has included several mosques being vandalised, while calling for restraint.
"We call on everyone to exercise restraint and civility. We must not let emotion take over common sense," said the grand mufti of Australia, Ibrahim Abu Mohammed.
Australia has deployed 600 troops to the United Arab Emirates to join the international coalition gearing up for a campaign to eradicate the extemist. It has also sent eight RAAF F/A18 combat aircraft.
So far Australia has only been involved in dropping humanitarian and military aid to Iraqis under siege and has repeatedly ruled out intervention on the ground.


text:
Preparation and properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with wheat and flax straw fibres: Part II Analysis of composite microstructure and mechanical properties
- Cite this article as:
- HORNSBY, P.R., HINRICHSEN, E. & TARVERDI, K. Journal of Materials Science (1997) 32: 1009. doi:10.1023/A:1018578322498
- Citations
- 744 Downloads
The microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites containing flax and wheat straw fibres are discussed. Particular emphasis has been given to determining the nature and consequences of fibre damage induced during melt-processing operations, fibre orientation occurring in mouldings, and possible interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibres. Compared to unfilled polypropylene, addition of flax and wheat straw caused a significant increase in tensile modulus, particularly, in the case of flax fibres, which also gave higher tensile yield strength and Charpy toughness, despite a lack of interfacial bonding. Tensile strength was increased further through inclusion of 5% by weight of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, which was shown to promote adhesion between fibres and matrix.


text:
Over 150 locations to check out this year. Check the website for more information on the locations since some are only open one day and some have special time frames.
2 Replies
· · ·
May 21, 2010 at 12:15 UTC
IT Journey, LLC is an IT service provider.
I assume you aren't looking for an answer to anything here, so I am removing the need for an answer to this question.
· · ·
May 21, 2010 at 2:53 UTC
You are correct. Any idea as to why the edit feature does not give the option to change it from question to discussion? It would be useful.