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User:Visviva/Miller Beach
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|Miller Beach
The Lake Street Beach in eastern Miller Beach.
|Coordinates (Miller Town Hall): 41°36′04″N 87°15′40″W / 41.601°N 87.261°WCoordinates: 41°36′04″N 87°15′40″W / 41.601°N 87.261°W
|United States
|Lake County
|First settled
|Annexed into Gary
|• Land
|15.17 km2 (5.86 sq mi)
|• Water
|4.45 km2 (1.72 sq mi)
|Population (2000)[2][3]
|• Total
|Time zone
|• Summer (DST)
|ZIP code
|Area code(s)
Miller Beach (also known as Miller) is a neighborhood on the far south shore of Lake Michigan in Gary, Indiana. It was originally an independent town. Located in the northeastern corner of Lake County, Indiana, the neighborhood borders Lake Michigan to the north and Porter County to the east. To the south it adjoins Lake Station and the neighborhood of Aetna, and to the west it is bounded by dunes, woods and wetlands that separate Miller from the US Steel Gary Works. Miller Beach is the closest lakefront community east of Chicago,[4] and has been a popular vacation spot since the early 20th century. As of the 2000 US census, it had a population of 9,900.[2][3]
Miller Beach is home to some of the world's most threatened ecosystems, and contains a high proportion of protected land. The neighborhood encompasses the westernmost part of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, including the Miller Woods and Long Lake areas. The entire beachfront is city-owned and open to the public.[5][6] West Beach in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore lies immediately to the east of the neighborhood.
Miller Beach is convenient to four major interstates, and is also served by South Shore Line commuter trains, which stop at Miller Station. Located less than an hour from downtown Chicago, the neighborhood has attracted Chicagoans as tourists and residents for more than a century. Having defied trends toward racial polarization and environmental degradation elsewhere in Gary and the region, the neighborhood has been described as "an island of integration and natural beauty".[7]
Miller Beach is situated at the extreme southern end of Lake Michigan.[8] The lakefront of Miller Beach is entirely city-owned,[5] with the result that the houses are set further back from the lake than in many other Lake Michigan communities.[7] In addition to its Lake Michigan frontage, the neighborhood contains numerous smaller bodies of water, the largest of which are the three lagoons that form the headwaters of the Grand Calumet River, in the northwestern part of Miller Beach. There are numerous interdunal ponds and wetlands, the largest of which is Long Lake, which adjoins West Beach.
The neighborhood borders the West Beach area of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore to the west, beyond which lies the small resort town of Ogden Dunes in Porter County. To the southwest lies the city of Portage, also in Porter County. To the south lie Lake Station and the Little Calumet River floodplain. To the southeast, Miller Beach adjoins the Gary neighborhood of Aetna. Directly to the west, the inhabited areas of Miller are separated from the U.S. Steel Gary Works by the Miller Woods area of the National Lakeshore.
Having gone through several cycles of expansion since the 19th century, Miller Beach contains a number of distinct communities. The traditional downtown area between Lake Street and Grand Boulevard contains the neighborhood's oldest structures, including the Miller Town Hall and South Shore Centre for the Arts. The northern part of Miller Beach, surrounded entirely by national parkland and chiefly built after 1960, is itself sometimes specifically called "Miller Beach."[9][10] Within that area, a number of apartment complexes are clustered near Lake Street Beach.[11] Next to West Beach in the National Lakeshore, at the far northeast corner, the neighborhood's most expensive development, East Edge,[4] rubs shoulders with the Miller Village public housing project.[12]
West of downtown Miller Beach is a large apartment complex, Duneland Village, containing a small city park, the 3.47-acre Gibson Fields.[13] The Glen Ryan subdivision, although considered by the city to be part of Aetna, lies just southwest of the downtown. In the opposite direction, more than a mile to the east of downtown on the Dunes Highway, the isolated Inland Manor subdivision lies in the midst of the Inland Marsh area of the National Lakeshore. All property in Inland Manor has been acquired by the National Lakeshore, but residents remain in their homes under reservation of use and occupancy agreements.
In the definition used by the City of Gary since 1986,[14] "Miller" constitutes the land north of the CSX tracks and east of the Gary Works steel mill, in addition to all of the lying land east of Lake Street within the Gary city limits.[15] It thus includes the traditional downtown area of Miller and the upscale residential area along the lake, and also encompasses small residential enclaves along U.S. 12 and U.S. 20. The Miller Citizens Corporation further defines "the Miller community" to include all neighborhoods in Gary east of Interstate 65, including Aetna.[16]
Early history[edit]
When French trappers and explorers first ventured into the Lake Michigan area in the early 1600s, the southern end of the lake was populated by the Miami.[19] By 1640, the Miami had been driven from the region by the Iroquois wars.[20] They were replaced by Potawatomi, who moved into the region from the north. The Potawatomi had no permanent settlements in Miller Beach or elsewhere in the Calumet region, but they frequently came into the area to hunt, fish and gather food including wild rice.[21] In addition to the Potawatomi, the Odawa people hunted deer in the region in the winter.[22]
In 1673 the French explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet ventured through Wisconsin and down the Mississippi, returning to Sault Ste. Marie via the Illinois and Chicago Rivers. The next year Marquette ventured down Lake Michigan to the Chicago River and the portage to the Illinois, entering the Mississippi in the spring of 1675. Marquette was sick, however, and returned along the shore of Lake Michigan that same spring. According to local tradition, he camped for a night at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River in Miller Beach, in present-day Marquette Park, shortly before his death.[23]
Most Potawatomi were removed from Indiana through a series of treaties and forced removals in the 1820s and 1830s. Indian Boundary Road in Miller Beach marks the border of a tract ceded in one such treaty, the 1826 Treaty of Mississinwas.[24] By 1836 the Potawatomi nation had been deprived of all of its lands in the region.[24] Some individual Potawatomi, however, remained in the Gary area as landowners,[25] including the first owner of the parcel that later became Lake Street Beach in Miller.[26] Simon Pokagon, chief of the Pokagon Band, also held land in Miller.[27] Other Potawatomi continued to visit the region in the spring and summer into the late 19th century.[28][29]
As widespread white settlement began in the Upper Midwest in the 19th century, many promoters and speculators sought to bring commercial and industrial development to the Calumet Region, but most were defeated by the difficult terrain and lack of transportation.[29] The first man to plat a town in modern-day Miller Beach was early settler and trader Joseph Bailly, who in the 1830s laid out a "Town of Bailly" at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River, in present-day Marquette Park.[30] But nothing came of either the Town of Bailly or the "Indiana City" that was platted near the same location a few years later, in 1837.[30][23] The entirety of modern-day Gary was still unsettled in 1850, except for a tavern in Tolleston.[30]
In 1833, an inn called the Bennett Tavern was built on the Miller Beach lakefront at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River, on the stagecoach route between Detroit and Chicago.[23] It stood for only a few years. In 1837, the area that would become downtown Miller was purchased and platted by speculators William and George Ewing and George Walker, though it was not developed until the railroad arrived in 1851.[23] The development bore the initial name of "Ewing's Subdivision".[23]
Town of Miller[edit]
With the coming of the railroads, a train stop first called "Miller's Junction" and then "Miller's Station" or "Miller's", and ultimately "Miller", was constructed in 1851 by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. Miller first became known as "Miller's Station" or "Miller's Junction" in the 1850s, when the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad was built through the area. The person for whom it is named is unknown.[32] Michigan Southern agent John Cook recalled the name "Miller" as coming from a construction engineer named John Miller who lived in the area, at whose home the early trains would stop for water and wood between LaPorte and Chicago.[23] Other possible namesakes include an innkeeper for whom train crews dropped off milk; a section boss in charge of roadbed maintenance; and a foreman who buried his son in the area.[32]
A railroad town from its inception, Miller would later be served by the B&O Railroad (beginning in 1874) and the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad beginning in 1908.[33]
Swedes began to migrate to the United States in large numbers in the 1860s as a result of the famines in Scandinavia, and some of these immigrants settled in Miller.[34] The small Swedish-American town drew its livelihood from sand mining, ice harvesting in the winter, and maintaining railroad equipment.[35] The town of Miller remained very small; only about twelve families were present in the area in 1870.[23] Miller acquired its own post office in 1879.[33] Beginning in the 1880s, the town also hosted a small professional sturgeon and whitefish fishery.[31] Cranberries grew abundantly in the nearby dunes until the moss was harvested to use in packing fruit.[36]
The combination of a pristine natural environment and proximity to Chicago soon began to attract visitors from the city. Bringing equipment from Chicago by train, aviation pioneer Octave Chanute staged a series of experimental flights from the 70-foot dunes near Lake Street Beach in 1896.[37][38] Around the same time, the pioneering botanist Henry Chandler Cowles conducted his early studies of ecological succession in Miller Woods.[39]
In subsequent decades, the Chicago film industry used the Miller dunes and beaches as backdrops in numerous silent films.[7][40] Among these were films by the Selig Polyscope Company,[41] and the Essanay Studios productions The Fall of Montezuma (1912),[40] in which the Miller beach represented the coast of Mexico, and The Plum Tree (1914).[42]
The town of Miller was incorporated in 1907, in an effort to forestall annexation by the newly-founded city of Gary.[43] The town had a population of 638 people as of the 1910 census.[33] The Miller town hall, which still stands, was built in 1911.[33] Gary mayor Thomas Knotts first attempted to annex Miller in 1910 as part of a larger territorial dispute with East Chicago, but the effort was successfully resisted.[44] In 1915, however, Miller and Gary formed a joint parks department to administer part of the land that is now Marquette Park.[45] Encountering difficulties with land purchasing, Gary sought to annex Miller so that it could take the property by eminent domain.[45] Miller was accordingly annexed into Gary in 1918, by a resolution of the Miller town board.[46][45]
Part of Gary[edit]
After its annexation, the community continued to grow.[26] Drusilla Carr, proprietress of Carr's Beach (now Lake Street Beach), collected rent on more than a hundred beach cottages.[26] With attractions including a shooting gallery, bath house, miniature railroad and "night spots", Carr's Beach was Gary's most popular summer destination in the late 1920s.[26] The beach was initially very difficult to reach,
In the mid-20th century, African-Americans were banned from Miller Beach except for day workers.[7] Segregation had been brought to Marquette Park by Gary power broker William Palmer Gleason, the city's first parks commissioner.[48] Exclusion from Marquette Park was a particular point of frustration for blacks from the Midtown neighborhood, who had to travel more than 20 miles to find a beach in the summer.[49] Efforts to integrate the beaches of Miller began with a march on August 28, 1949 (selected to commemorate the Salerno Beach landings of World War II) in which a group of white and black Gary residents attempted to integrate the beach, but were driven back by an armed mob.[7] The question of beach integration became a flashpoint in the 1951 mayoral race,[50] and racial incidents continued through the 1950s and early 1960s.[51]
The first house in Miller Beach was sold to an African-American family in 1964, and by 1980 the neighborhood was 52% African-American.[7] Prompted by local concerns that the white flight that had occurred elsewhere in Gary would also occur in Miller, a Miller Citizens Corporation (MCC) was founded in 1971.[52] The MCC worked to stem white flight through positive publicity about Miller's advantages, and by banning "For Sale" signs. Unlike similar groups elsewhere in the city, the goal of the MCC was not to prevent integration, but to slow the process so that events did not spiral out of control.[53] The organization also addressed local environmental and business issues, including the prevention of sand mining and the expansion of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore to include Long Lake and Miller Woods.[54]
In 1967, Richard Hatcher became the mayor of Gary, the first African-American to become mayor of any major US city. The voting in his close-fought election was almost entirely along racial lines, with white Democrats voting en masse for the Republican candidate. However, a key exception was Miller,[55] where Hatcher obtained decisive support from a group called the "Miller mafia".[56][57] These were a primarily Jewish group of Miller residents who had worked actively against the Wallace presidential campaign in 1948 and had subsequently supported Hatcher in his bid for the Gary Common Council.[57]
The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore was founded in 1966 through the efforts of Senator Paul Douglas, culminating a struggle that had begun in the 1890s. The initial boundaries of the Lakeshore, however, did not include the Miller Woods and Long Lake areas in Miller Beach. After the death of Senator Douglas in 1976, a Lakeshore expansion bill in Douglas' memory gained bipartisan support.[58] With the bill's passage, the Lakeshore was expanded by 4,300 acres, to include Miller Woods, Long Lake and numerous other areas.[59]
In 2002, the Indiana state government shifted the responsibility for property tax assessment of industrial sites from local governments to the state, resulting in dramatically lower assessments for U.S. Steel and other Gary industries. Faced with plummeting revenue, the city nearly doubled tax rates, leading to widespread outcry. Together with other organizations around the state, the Miller Citizens Corporation lobbied successive state governments to cap the maximum rates at which property taxes could be assessed.[60] The tax caps became law in 2008,[61] and became part of the state constitution in 2010. Disputes between the MCC and the city continued, however, over the granting of relief from the caps by the Distressed Unit Appeals Board.[60]
Natural environment[edit]
The natural landscape of Miller Beach consists of a mixture of high dunes, dune and swale ridges, and current or former wetlands. Wetland ecosystems include marshes, interdunal ponds, riparian wetlands, and pannes. The panne habitat of the Great Lakes region, found in Miller and neighboring West Beach, is considered "Globally Imperiled" by the Nature Conservancy. Upland ecosystems include mesic prairie and black oak savanna.
Miller Beach lies entirely within the Lake Michigan lacustrine plain, and is part of the "Little Calumet-Galien watershed", which covers the Lake Michigan coastal drainage area from the South Side of Chicago to Benton Harbor, Michigan. Water in Miller Beach thus drains into Lake Michigan, either directly or indirectly through the Little Calumet and Grand Calumet rivers.[62] The area's groundwater is part of the Calumet aquifer, an unconsolidated aquifer with a saturated thickness of between 5 and 40 feet, often less than 15 feet below the ground level.[63] Below the groundwater and a substantial layer of glacial till lies a carbonate bedrock aquifer,[62] but this is seldom utilized due to the availability of water from Lake Michigan.[63]
The Wisconsinan glaciation ended in the Miller Beach area around 14,000 years ago,[64] forming Glacial Lake Chicago as the glaciers melted. The subsequent isostatic rebound of the earth's crust led to a series of different lake levels, each of which marked the landscape of Northwest Indiana. During the Algonquin stage, the Tolleston Beach ridges were formed, which define the unique dune and swale topography of the Calumet Region, including the portion of Miller south of Long Lake.[65] The later and lower Nipissing stage created the dunes in the northern part of Miller Beach.[65] The effects of the glacial retreat are credited for the extraordinary biodiversity of the Indiana Dunes, with some boreal species remaining in hospitable habitats after the climate had warmed, while more heat-tolerant species such as the six-lined racerunner and prickly pear cactus moved in during the Holocene climatic optimum to inhabit the mesic uplands.
The original mouth of the Calumet River was located near Marquette Park, where the Grand Calumet Lagoons are today. Each lagoon marks a former mouth of the river; as one mouth drifted shut with sand, the river would move eastward to create a new opening. The direction of the Grand Calumet was changed in 1862, and dunes have once again drifted across the river's former mouth, so that the Grand Calumet now rises in the East Lagoon in Marquette Park and flows westward through Miller Woods.[67] Because the river is nearly flat, however, the direction of flow through the Grand Calumet Lagoons sometimes reverses after heavy rains.[68]
Further south, the landscape is dominated by the dune and swale topography of the Tolleston Beach: low and regular dune ridges alternating with shallow wetlands. Each ridge marks a former line of foredunes along ancient Lake Chicago. The dunes were historically dominated by black oak savanna, and the swales by buttonbush wetlands, both maintained by frequent burning.
In Miller's southeastern corner lie the extensive wetlands of Long Lake and Inland Marsh, which are chiefly owned by the National Park Service. The Little Calumet River flows just south of the neighborhood, in northernmost Lake Station.
Much of Miller Beach consists of protected land. The Miller Woods, Long Lake and Inland Marsh regions of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore are protected by the National Park Service, as is the adjacent West Beach area. Marquette Park and the entire beachfront are protected by the City of Gary.[5] In addition, the private Shirley Heinze Land Trust operates two major nature preserves in Miller Beach, and protects a total of approximately 20 acres.[69] The Green Heron Pond Nature Preserve consists of a mixture of interdunal wetland and upland savanna, and is located a short distance east of Miller Woods.[70] The Bayless / Miller Dunes Nature Preserve consists of a mixture of "high dunes" habitats, and lies north of Long Lake in northeastern Miller Beach.[71]
Although Miller itself has little history of industrial activity, substantial contamination and degradation has occurred. The Lake County and Indiana Dunes areas have suffered historically from severe air pollution, due to the heavy industry nearby.[72] Animals sampled from a protected wetland in Miller showed higher levels of methylene chloride, toluene, acetone and other contaminants than did similar organisms sampled near known toxic waste dumps.[73][74] Illegal dumping is an long-standing problem in the more sparsely inhabited parts of the neighborhood, and the target of long-standing efforts at prevention and cleanup, particularly in the National Lakeshore. In 1999, more than 14,000 pounds of trash were airlifted from the Lakeshore's Miller Woods by helicopter.[39]
Flora and fauna[edit]
The Indiana Dunes region surrounding Miller Beach is a place of extremely high biodiversity.[76] Within just the Miller Woods area of Miller Beach, 287 species of flora and fauna have been identified.[39] Rare species of animals and plants found within Miller Beach include the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly and the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle.[69]
A 1990 survey found 16 species of mammals in Miller Woods: Virginia opossum, Northern short-tailed shrew, masked shrew, eastern mole, cottontail rabbit, white-footed mouse, prairie deer mouse, meadow vole, muskrat, fox squirrel, gray squirrel, thirteen-lined ground squirrel, red squirrel, raccoon, long-tailed weasel, and white-tailed deer.[77] The largest wild predator in the Miller Beach area today is the coyote, which only recently returned to the area; the largest herbivore is the white-tailed deer.[76] The beaver and white-tailed deer were extirpated by the early 20th century, but have reestablished themselves in recent decades.
Miller Beach and adjacent West Beach provide a stopping point for migratory birds and insects crossing Lake Michigan. Migratory birds frequently stop at Long Lake, and ship captain and ornithologist J.P. Perkins has credited Miller with being at the southerly end of the "South End Flyway", where "cross-lake migration reaches its greatest intensity".[78] Miller also lies under a major flyway of the sandhill crane, passing between the Jasper-Pulaski marsh in Indiana and the Horicon Marsh in Wisconsin.
Off the shoreline of Miller Beach, Lake Michigan is home to nearly 100 species of fish, and supports a large recreational fishing industry.[80] Inland, the Grand Calumet Lagoons support their own distinct fish community, with a total of 14 species known to be present as of 1995.[81] The lagoons are home to ecologically sensitive indicator species absent from the rest of the Grand Calumet, such as the Iowa darter and lake chubsucker.[82] In southeastern Miller Beach, Long Lake also formerly sustained a diverse fish community, including yellow perch and largemouth bass in the early 20th century.[73] However, because the portion of Long Lake within Miller Beach was subsequently cut off from the rest of the lake by road construction, and occasionally dries out, very few fish are now present there.[73]
Miller Woods is home to 18 species of reptiles and amphibians, giving it one of the most diverse herpetofauna of any area in the Indiana Dunes.[83] This includes three species of newts and salamanders, six species of frogs and toads including the Fowler's toad, four species of turtles including the snapping turtle and Blanding's turtle, one species of lizard (the six-lined racerunner), and four species of snake.[84] The only water snake in the area is the common garter snake.[85] Another eight species of reptiles and amphibians were present in Miller in the early 20th century, but have now been extirpated.[86] In addition, there have been unconfirmed reports of the Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake near the Miller Beach side of Long Lake.[85]
At 1,445 plant species, the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore has more species per square mile than any other national park.[87] Dominant plants in the Miller Beach area include marram grass and cottonwood near the shore, cattails and buttonbush in the wetlands, and black oak and silver maple in wooded uplands. Numerous species of orchids are found within the natural areas of Miller Beach, including green twayblade, purple twayblade, small green fringed orchid, tubercled orchid, Northern fringed orchid, and snake-mouth orchid.[88]
Miller began in the 19th century as a primarily Swedish-American working-class town. The neighborhood's demographic makeup was white and working-class in the early 20th century, becoming wealthier beginning in the late 1940s as it attracted affluent residents from elsewhere.[90] Along with other areas on Gary's periphery, Miller saw strong 70% growth during the 1950s.[91] Racial integration began in the 1960s and accelerated in the 1970s. However, unlike other neighborhoods of Gary that saw abrupt white flight during this period, Miller Beach saw a stable and peaceful transition through the 1970s to a majority-African-American population,[7] with most of the new African-American residents being "upwardly mobile black professionals" from elsewhere in Gary.[92] Miller Beach and the previously little-developed Westside neighborhood were the only parts of Gary to see population growth during the 1970s.[93]
As of 2000, Miller Beach was 70.9% African-American and 24.3% white.[2] 4.8% of the population were of Hispanic ethnicity.[2] 9.5% of Millerites were over the age of 65, and 26.0% were under 18.[2] The neighborhood's 9,900 residents made up 4,280 households, for an average of 2.43 persons per household.[2]
Since early in the community's history, many people moving into Miller Beach have come from Chicago, "seeking a getaway from the city".[4] Early examples included Alice Mable Gray, better known as "Diana of the Dunes", who frequented Miller Beach and nearby Ogden Dunes. In the 1950s, as it gained prominence as a resort area, the neighborhood became home to Nelson Algren, who bought a house on the East Lagoon with the proceeds from the Pulitzer Prize and The Man With the Golden Arm.[94][95] Another wave of immigration from Chicago began in the 1990s.[96]
Miller Beach has had a vibrant religious life dating back to 1874, when the Swedish-speaking Bethel Lutheran church was organized, meeting originally in the Miller schoolhouse.[97] Bethel Lutheran acquired a building of its own anniversary in 1894, and an ordained minister in 1905.[97]
The town's first English-speaking church, Chapel of the Dunes, was built in 1901.[33] Miller is unusual among communities in the region, in that both of these early churches are still standing.[33]
The Roman Catholic parish of St. Mary of the Lake was established in 1929, under the Gary diocese, and for some time operated its own school.[98]
Miller Beach is home to Gary's only synagogue still in operation, Temple Israel, a Reform congregation founded in 1910.[99][100] Temple Israel was originally located in downtown Gary; the building in Miller Beach was constructed in 1955.[101]
The Miller Garden Club, founded in 2000, hosts an annual garden walk and plant sale.[102] The neighborhood also hosts several community gardens. One of these is a joint project between Miller's Lutheran and Jewish congregations.[103]
The Miller Citizens Corporation (MCC) has played a key role in Miller Beach politics and society since its foundation in 1971. Originally founded to help prevent white flight and disruption during the sudden changes of the 1970s, the MCC quickly expanded into other ways of promoting community stability, including through environmental preservation and zoning ordinances. In the 21st century, the MCC has also been active in addressing city fees and property tax issues.
The Humane Society of Northwest Indiana, based in southern Miller Beach, serves a wide area of Lake and Porter counties. Founded in 1971 in downtown Gary, Crisis Center has been based in Miller Beach since 1988.[104] Located in the beachfront area, Crisis Center provides crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to teens and adults nationwide.[105]
Miller Beach is part of the First District of the Gary Common Council,[106] which is currently represented by Councilwoman Marilyn Krusas.[107] Residents additionally vote for three at-large council seats.
Emergency services in Miller Beach are provided by the Gary fire and police departments. In addition to its ordinary presence, the Gary Police Department operates beach patrols using all terrain vehicles during the summer months.[108] The city police presence has been further augmented in the past by private patrols organized by local businesses.[109] The South Shore Line is additionally served by the NICTD transit police,[110] and the National Lakeshore properties by the United States Park Police. As of 2010, the overall crime rate for the 46403 ZIP code, which includes Miller Beach, was lower than Gary as a whole, although the rate of property crimes was slightly higher.[111]
The neighborhood was served by two fire stations until 2010.[112] In that year, the station located in the northeastern, beachside area was closed down.[113] Miller Beach is now served solely by the Number 7 Station, located in the neighborhood's downtown area.[112][113]
The economy of Miller Beach is dominated by retail and tourism, with no heavy industry. Home values in Miller are the highest of any Gary neighborhood, as are local incomes. Because of its affluent population, Miller is also able to attract more luxury high-end housing developments than other Gary neighborhoods.[114] Many Miller residents either commute to Chicago or have their primary residence in Chicago and vacation at Miller Beach.
In 2006, a home in the neighborhood sold for more than US$1 million for the first time.[4] As of 2008, the "East Edge" development in northeastern Miller Beach was the city's most expensive, with single-family home prices in excess of $500,000.[114] As of 2000, Miller's 4,773 housing units had an owner-occupancy rate of 47.4% and a vacancy rate of 10.3%.[2]
Commercial activity in Miller Beach is clustered primarily along Lake Street and U.S. 20, in the neighborhood's southwestern corner. The Lake Street corridor is a traditional downtown area, with a "pedestrian-friendly, 'Main Street' character."[115] The downtown area has the highest walkability of any part of Miller Beach.[116] Most retail catering to neighborhood residents is concentrated along this corridor.[2] The historic Miller freight depot was relocated just a few yards from its original location and is now the main dining room for Miller Pizza Station, a popular restaurant in the downtown area.[117][118]
The U.S. 20 corridor, running along the neighborhood's southern end and partially shared with the Aetna neighborhood, is another commercial center. Businesses along U.S. 20 cater primarily to highway and interstate travelers. This corridor is also home to several strip clubs, a source of frequent anger from community activists.
There is an additional cluster of retail and tourist-oriented businesses near the west end of Marquette Park. During the summer months, the Miller Beach Farmers' Market provides an alternative source of fresh food. Begun in 2008 and sponsored by the Methodist church, the Farmers' Market seeks to promote a sustainable local economy and allow residents to purchase high-quality food within Gary.[119]
Miller lies near the nexus of four major interstates. Interstate 65 has its northern terminus just southwest of Miller Beach, between the Aetna and Emerson neighborhoods. Interstates 80 and 94 (the Borman Expressway) have exits at Interstate 65 and at Indiana State Road 51 in Lake Station. The Indiana Toll Road has exits in nearby Lake Station, at State Road 51, and in Aetna, at Dunes Highway.
Several highways also pass through or near the neighborhood. U.S. 12 was the first highway to serve the area, laid out along the South Shore Line right of way from Miller into Porter County.[120] U.S. Route 20 also passes along the neighborhood's southern edge. These two highways connect Miller Beach to the interstates, downtown Gary, and the nearby towns of Porter County such as Portage and Burns Harbor.[15] State Road 51 has its northern terminus at U.S. 20, at the southern limit of Miller Beach, and connects the neighborhood to areas south of the Little Calumet River, including Lake Station and Hobart.[121]
Miller Beach is traversed by three freight railroads: the Norfolk Southern, which runs north of the downtown area; the CSX, which runs through the heart of downtown, and the South Shore Line, which runs along the neighborhood's southern edge. Two of these lines also carry passenger trains: NICTD commuter trains run along the South Shore Line, and Amtrak trains pass through on the Norfolk Southern tracks. The neighborhood is also a transfer point between the South Shore and CSX freight lines.[122]
The NICTD South Shore Line stops in Miller, and in nearby Ogden Dunes, Indiana and downtown Gary. Unlike most commuter trains in the Chicago area, the NICTD South Shore Line is powered entirely by electricity rather than diesel. During the week, Miller Station is served by 14 eastbound trains and 12 westbound trains.[123][124] The South Shore Line provides commuter transit from South Bend to Millennium Station in downtown Chicago. The passenger trains of the South Shore Line have served Miller since 1908, when the line was built as an interurban railroad by tycoon Samuel Insull. The South Shore Line is accordingly sometimes called "the last interurban".[125]
Public bus transportation throughout the city of Gary is provided by the Gary Public Transportation Corporation (GPTC), a quasi-governmental agency. Founded in 1974, the GPTC is the successor of Gary Railways, a private company that provided bus and streetcar service in Gary beginning in 1912.[126] Miller Beach is served by the GPTC's Route 13 buses, which run between the Miller/Aetna region and the hub station at Gary Metro Center in downtown Gary. At the Metro Center, passengers can transfer to lines serving other parts of Gary, as well as express buses that provide connections to such nearby communities as East Chicago, Hammond, Merrillville and Crown Point. The Metro Center also serves Greyhound buses and the South Shore Line, and is the eastern terminus for many South Shore Line trains.[123][124]
Walking and bicycling are also popular modes of travel in Miller Beach. A bicycle trail, the Marquette Trail, runs through National Lakeshore property along the northern shore of Long Lake, connecting downtown Miller Beach to West Beach in Porter County. Many GPTC buses are equipped with bicycle racks. The Gary Green Links plan, which broke ground in May 2011, calls for additional trails and bikeways connecting Miller Beach to other towns and neighborhoods in the region. The National Lakeshore and Marquette Park also afford numerous hiking trails. In terms of day-to-day walkability, the 46403 ZIP code, which encompasses Miller Beach and Aetna, has a mean Walk Score of 30 out of 100, tied for the lowest score among regions of Gary.[116]
Recreation and tourism[edit]
The principal tourist attractions in Miller are the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Marquette Park, and the attached beaches. Attractions within Marquette Park include the historic Chanute Aquatorium and Marquette Park Pavilion, Marquette Beach, and the East Lagoon, at the former mouth and modern-day headwaters of the Grand Calumet River. The lagoon has been extensively landscaped, with a small island connected to the shore by two footbridges: a suspension bridge on the north and a Japanese-style bridge on the south. As of 2011, a US$29 million project to improve Marquette Park was underway, funded by a grant from the Northwest Indiana Regional Development Authority.[127] Begun in 2009, the project was the first capital improvement to Marquette Park since 1931.[18]
Two buildings in Miller Beach are on the National Register of Historic Places. The old Miller Town Hall, built in 1911, was added to the Register in 1978.[128] The Chanute Aquatorium in Marquette Park is a Classical Revival structure on the lakefront, designed by noted Prairie School architect George W. Maher. It was added to the Register in 1994.[128] The Marquette Park Pavilion, a fieldhouse also built by Maher, is located in Marquette Park. Other historic buildings, including churches and schools, are found throughout the neighborhood.
The residential portion of Miller Beach north of the downtown is surrounded on all sides by the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.[129] Thousands of visitors flock to Miller each year to enjoy hiking the dune trails, birdwatching, water sports and fishing on Lake Michigan or to visit the beaches and National Park during the summer. Beach front properties in Miller are also available for rent during the summer, many of which provide breathtaking views of the magnificent Chicago skyline contrasted against the shimmering waters of Lake Michigan. During the winter months, activity in Miller slows considerably; however the hills, dunes and backwoods trails provide for great hiking, sledding, snowshoeing, and cross country skiing.
Numerous festivals are held in Miller through the year, including the South Shore Air Show at Marquette Park. The biweekly farmer's market also functions as a sort of community fair, with information booths from groups such as the Miller Historical Society.[130] In 2011, Miller was the site of the only gay pride parade in Northwest Indiana. Called "Northwest Indiana Rainbow Days," the annual parade has been held in Gary since 2006.[131]
Boating and kayaking are popular forms of recreation in the Miller Beach area. A public marina is located a short distance to the east in Portage. The Lake Michigan Water Trail, a water trail that runs from Chicago and New Buffalo and includes the shoreline of Miller Beach, was dedicated in June 2011.[132]
Public schooling in Gary is provided by the Gary Community School Corporation. Public elementary schools in Miller Beach include Marquette Elementary, near Marquette Park, and Banneker Elementary near Long Lake.[133] The neighborhood's public secondary schools include Wirt Emerson VPA, located at the former site of William A. Wirt High School near Marquette Park.[133] Wirt Emerson is a magnet school for the visual and performing arts, serving grades 6-12. It originally opened in the former Emerson High School near downtown Gary in 1982, moving to its present location in 2009.
Charter schools in Miller Beach include KIPP: Lead College Prep Charter School and the Charter School of the Dunes, located adjacent to the Lake Street Beach. Like all Gary Charter Schools, they are sponsored by Ball State University.[134] In addition, a private religious school is operated by Christ Baptist Church in the Glen Ryan area; another private school is located in Aetna. The area is also served by the Roman Catholic schools of the Gary diocese, but as of 2011 there were no Catholic schools in Miller Beach or anywhere else in Gary.[135]
Nearby institutions of higher learning include Indiana University Northwest in Gary's Glen Park neighborhood, Purdue University Calumet in Hammond, and Valparaiso University in Valparaiso. There are no colleges or universities within Miller Beach itself. The 2005-2009 American Community Survey found that approximately 28% of Miller Beach residents had a bachelor's degree or higher.[136]
The Paul Douglas Center for Environmental Education provides environmental education to residents and visitors in Miller Beach. Operated by the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, the Douglas Center bears the name of Senator Paul Douglas, who spearheaded the National Lakeshore's creation in the 1960s. Numerous cheduled lectures, classes and workshops are held there each year.[137] The trails around the Douglas Center provide a self-guided nature tour.
Downtown Miller is home to the South Shore Centre for the Arts, located in the building once occupied by the Miller School. The South Shore Centre is home to the South Shore Dance Alliance, a "pre-professional" contemporary dance company drawing members from throughout Northwest Indiana and performing throughout the Chicago area.[138] In addition, the South Shore Centre provides classes for the general public in dance, piano, voice, acting, self-defense and fitness.[139]
Additional resources for community education are also provided by the Carter G. Woodson branch of the Gary Public Library, a 13,378-square-foot facility located in Miller's downtown business district.[47] The Woodson branch was opened in 1991, but Miller has had a public library since the early 20th century.[47][140]
Works cited[edit]
- Adler, Jeffrey S. (2001). African-American mayors: race, politics, and the American city. ISBN 0252026349.
- Beauvoir, Simone de (1993). Letters to Sartre. Quintin Hoare translation. ISBN 1559702125.
- Bogue, Margaret Beattie (1985). Around the shores of Lake Michigan: a guide to historic sites. ISBN 0299100006.
- Catlin, Robert A. (1993). Racial politics and urban planning: Gary, Indiana, 1980-1989. ISBN 0813117984.
- Choi, Young D. (1997). "Plants". In Moy & Whitman. Status, Trends, and Potential of Biological Communities of the Grand Calumet River Basin (PDF). pp. 33–77.
- City of Gary (2008). City of Gary, Indiana Comprehensive Plan (PDF).
- Garza, Eric L.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L. (2002). Ecological Characterization of Long Lake, Porter and Lake Counties, Indiana (PDF).
- Greenberg, Joel R. (2002). A natural history of the Chicago Region. ISBN 0226306488.
- Greer, Edward (1979). Big steel: Black politics and corporate power in Gary, Indiana. ISBN 0853454906.
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water (1994). Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems of Lake County, Indiana (PDF).
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Jewish Heritage Initiative (n.d.). "Lake County History" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- Lane, James B. (1979). City of the century: a history of Gary, Indiana. ISBN 0253111870.
- Lane, James B.; Cohen, Ronald (1983). Gary, Indiana: A Pictorial History. ISBN 1578642108.
- McHugh, Paula (2007-04-12). "Visiting Miller Beach's History" (PDF). The Beacher. 23 (14). pp. 1–4.
- Mierzwa, Kenneth S.; Cortwright, Spencer A.; Beamer, David (1997). "Amphibians and Reptiles". In Moy & Whitman. Status, Trends, and Potential of Biological Communities of the Grand Calumet River Basin (PDF). pp. 138–160.
- Nevers, Meredith Becker; Whitman, Richard L.; Gerovac, Paul J. (1999). "History and environmental setting of the Grand Calumet River". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science: 3–10.
- Schoon, Kenneth J. (2003). Calumet Beginnings. ISBN 978-0-25334218-8.
- Simon, Thomas P.; Moy, Philip B. (1997). "Fishes". In Moy & Whitman. Status, Trends, and Potential of Biological Communities of the Grand Calumet River Basin (PDF). pp. 113–137.
- Skertic, Mark (2003). A Native's Guide to Northwest Indiana. ISBN 1893121089.
- Stewart, Paul M.; Butcher, Jason T. (1997). "Grand Calumet Lagoons". In Moy & Whitman. Status, Trends, and Potential of Biological Communities of the Grand Calumet River Basin (PDF). pp. 230–260.
- Swink, Floyd; Wilhelm, Gerould (1994). Plants of the Chicago region. ISBN 1883362016.
- Turner, Glenda (1984). Dune country: A hiker's guide to the Indiana Dunes. ISBN 978-0-8040-0854-9.
- Whitaker, John O. (1997). "Mammals". In Moy & Whitman. Status, Trends, and Potential of Biological Communities of the Grand Calumet River Basin (PDF). pp. 194–229.
- ^ US Census Bureau (2000). "G001. GEOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIERS". American FactFinder.
- ^ a b c d e f g h City of Gary 2008, p. 150.
- ^ a b US Census Bureau. "P1. TOTAL POPULATION". American FactFinder. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c d Erler, Susan (2006-04-16). "It's Miller's time in Lake County". Times of Northwest Indiana.
- ^ a b c Lake IN Silverlight GIS website (Map). Lake County Surveyor.
- ^ City of Gary. "Visit Gary: Outdoors". Retrieved 2011-06-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pick, Grant (1989-06-29). "Now comes Miller's time: An island of integration and natural beauty in Gary, Indiana". Chicago Reader.
- ^ Greenberg, Joel. "A Naturalist's Tour of Southern Lake Michigan". Press.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 93.
- ^ City of Gary 2008, p. 151.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 109.
- ^ Indiana Housing & Community Development Authority. "Project-Based Section 8 Developments". IN.gov. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
- ^ City of Gary, Parks Department. "Gibson Fields". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 89.
- ^ a b City of Gary 2008, p. 149.
- ^ Miller Citizens Corporation. "About the Miller Citizens Corp". Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ FWP 1939, p. 138.
- ^ a b Hitchcock Design Group (2011-04-18). "First Quarter 2011 Report" (PDF). p. 3.
- ^ Bogue 1985, p. 8.
- ^ Raffert 1996, p. 1.
- ^ Bogue 1985, p. 349.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g Schoon 2003, p. 175.
- ^ a b Lane 1979, p. 6.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d Lane 1979, p. 24.
- ^ FWP 1939, p. 14.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 8.
- ^ a b Lane 1979, p. 11.
- ^ a b c Lane 1979, p. 12.
- ^ a b Bogue 1985, p. 353.
- ^ a b Lane 1979, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d e f Schoon 2003, p. 176.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 16-17.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 17.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 23.
- ^ McHugh 2007, p. 2.
- ^ Chanute, Octave (1897). "Recent experiments in gliding flight". The Aeronautical Annual: 30–53.
- ^ a b c Madison, Michael (2000 Fall). "Into the Wild: Miller Woods". Chicago Wilderness. Check date values in:
- ^ a b Moore 1959, p. 591.
- ^ Svengalis 2006, p. 357.
- ^ Moore 1959, p. 592.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 45.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 46.
- ^ a b c Lane 1979, p. 107.
- ^ Schoon 2003, p. 156.
- ^ a b c Gary Public Library. "Carter G. Woodson Branch". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 42.
- ^ Hurley 1995, p. 120.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 259.
- ^ Lane 1979, pp. 274–275.
- ^ Hurley 1995, pp. 71.
- ^ Hurley 1995, pp. 71–72.
- ^ Hurley 1995, p. 73.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 287.
- ^ Adler 2001, p. 61.
- ^ a b Greer 1979, p. 26.
- ^ Engel 1986, p. 284.
- ^ Engel 1986, p. 283.
- ^ a b Miller Citizens Corporation (2011-01-08). "Gary finances are shaky" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ State of Indiana, Office of the Governor. "Governor signs property tax relief and reform bill" (PDF). IN.gov. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b Garza et al. 2002, p. 6.
- ^ a b Division of Water 1994, p. 1.
- ^ Garza et al. 1993.
- ^ a b Greenberg 2002, p. 243.
- ^ Stewart & Butcher 1997, p. 233.
- ^ Nevers et al. 1999, p. 8.
- ^ Stewart & Butcher 1997, p. 234.
- ^ a b City of Gary 2008, p. 74.
- ^ Shirley Heinze Land Trust. "Green Heron Pond Nature Preserve". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Shirley Heinze Land Trust. "Bayless/Miller Dunes Nature Preserve". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Stewart & Butcher 1997, p. 230.
- ^ a b c Garza et al. 2002, p. 11.
- ^ Garza et al. 2002, p. 13.
- ^ Whitaker 1997, p. 199.
- ^ a b Russell, Joyce (2010-09-19). "The region's national treasure". Times of Northwest Indiana.
- ^ Whitaker 1997, p. 186.
- ^ Greenberg 2002, p. 394.
- ^ Swink & Wilhelm 1994, p. 428.
- ^ Wisconsin Sea Grant. "Fish of Lake Michigan". Fish of the Great Lakes. Retrieved 2011-06-19.
- ^ Simon & Moy 1997, p. 129.
- ^ Simon & Moy 1997, p. 103.
- ^ Mierzwa et al. 1997, p. 132.
- ^ Mierzwa et al. 1997, pp. 132–133.
- ^ a b Garza et al. 2002, p. 12.
- ^ Mierzwa et al. 1997, p. 133.
- ^ National Parks Conservation Association (2007). "National Parks of the Great Lakes" (PDF). p. 98.
|chapter=ignored (help)
- ^ Choi 1997, pp. 54–66.
- ^ Beauvoir 1993, p. 464.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 29.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 51.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 44.
- ^ Catlin 1993, p. 90.
- ^ Witter, David (2009-05-19). "This Particular Patch: Nelson Algren's Indiana Getaway". Newcity Summer.
- ^ Beauvoir 1993, p. 460.
- ^ Catlin 1993.
- ^ a b c Lane 1979, p. 19.
- ^ Catholic Diocese of Gary. "St. Mary of the Lake". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ "Temple Israel organized in 1910". Post-Tribune. 1993-09-23.
- ^ Jewish Heritage Initiative, p. 1.
- ^ "Gary". Jewish Virtual Library. 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- ^ Miller Garden Club. "Miller Garden Club: Welcome". Retrieved 2011-06-19.
- ^ Ammeson, Jane (2011-06-09). "Gardening for the Common Good". Times of Northwest Indiana.
- ^ Crisis Center, Inc. "History & Historical Time Line". Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- ^ Crisis Center, Inc. "Crisis Contact". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ City of Gary - Common Council Districts (Map). City of Gary. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ "Gary Common Council - Members: Marilyn D. Krusas". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Miller Citizens Corporation (2011-05-01). "Beach Patrols" (PDF). Miller Message. p. 5. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Puente, Michael (2009-12-18). "Private Patrols Aim to Curb Crime in Gary". Chicago Public Radio.
- ^ National Transportation Safety Board (1999). "Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District Railroad Safety Assessment" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ CLRChoice, Inc. "Gary, IN 46403 Crime Rate Indexes". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ a b City of Gary (2007). "Fire Station Locations". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b Miller Citizens Corporation (2010-10-01). "Fire Station Closing" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b City of Gary 2008, p. 119.
- ^ City of Gary 2008, p. 99.
- ^ a b "Gary IN 46403". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ "Restaurants". Miller Beach Pages. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Skertic 2003, p. 82.
- ^ "Farmers' market expanded; meet new pastor". Gary Crusader. 2011-06-04.
- ^ "The Dunes Highway". Chesterton Tribune. 1919-07-31.
- ^ Highway Explorer. "Indiana Highway Ends - SR 51". Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- ^ Gustason, Bill. "Other Northwest Indiana Junctions". Chicago Area Rail Junctions. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District (2011-06-01). "Weekday Eastbound Schedule". Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- ^ a b Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District (2011-06-01). "Weekday Westbound Schedule". Retrieved 2011-06-16.
- ^ Middleton, William (1970). South Shore: The Last Interurban. ISBN 0870950037.
- ^ Gary Public Transportation Corporation. "Historical Overview". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Hitchcock Design Group. "Marquette Park Lakefront East Master Plan and Capital Improvements". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b "National Register of Historic Places: Indiana - Lake County". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ A Signature of Time and Eternity, The Administrative History of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana; Ron Cockrell, National Park Service; Omaha, Nebraska; 1988; pg 463
- ^ Miller Historical Society (2011-06-11). "The Shifting Sands". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Davich, Jerry (2011-05-08). "Jerry Davich: Has NWI gay community given up on annual parade?". Post-Tribune.
- ^ "National Recreation Trail Designation of Lake Michigan Water Trail June 4". Times of Northwest Indiana. 2011-05-31.
- ^ a b Gary Community School Corporation. "School Directory". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ Ball State University, Office of Charter School Research (2006). Indiana Charter School Student Demographics. p. 2.
- ^ "Catholic Diocese of Gary - Catholic Schools". Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ The New York Times. "Bachelor's degree or higher: 46403". Mapping America. Retrieved 2011-06-19.
- ^ National Park Service. "Douglas Center for Environmental Education at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore". Retrieved 2011-06-19.
- ^ South Shore Dance Alliance. "South Shore Dance Alliance—Company and Studio". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ South Shore Centre for the Arts. "Welcome to South Shore Centre for the Arts". Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Lane 1979, p. 21.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Visviva/Miller Beach.


text:
Man stabbed in Seattle's Jose Rizal Park
A man was stabbed during a fight this afternoon in Jose Rizal Park, Seattle police said.
The victim suffered a non-life-threatening wound to his arm, according to police spokesman Officer Drew Fowler. The stabbing was reported around 4 p.m.
Police received a 911 call from a witness who gave a vague description of the attacker.
No other details were immediately available.
— Erin Heffernan
Comments | More in The Blotter | Topics: assault, Seattle Police Department, stabbing

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Kicker dxa250.4 Amp
Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?)
This is a great small amp. I picked it because I got the Kicker upgraded speakers from my Subaru dealer. It is a bit of overkill with just door speakers but all works well and it provided the power that the underpowered head unit didn't provide.
Pros: Simplicity of connections
Cons: Size. Hard to find a good place for in a small car.


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Featuring free WiFi throughout the property, Pousada Serras De Goyaz is located in Goiânia, only 1,641 feet from Goiânia Shopping and Vaca Brava Park. Free private parking is available on site. Each room at this hotel is air conditioned and is equipped with a flat-screen TV, minibar and telephone. Rooms have a private bathroom equipped with a shower. There is a 24-hour front desk at the property. Goiania's Bus Station is 3.1 miles from Pousada Serras De Goyaz. The nearest airport is Santa Genoveva/Goiania Airport, 6.2 miles from Pousada Serras De Goyaz.


text:
Case Conclusion Date: 01.06.2012
Practice Area: Tax
Outcome: Case was settled reducing the liability to a fraction of what the auditor claimed was due.
Description: Represented client in case where IRS alleged the client provided no supporting documentation for cost of sales and numerous expense items when they were audited. Petition was filed in the United States Tax Court taking the position that these documents were provided, but they were not reviewed at the audit level.


text:
The Trampled Artists
Someone spilt the writer's dreams,
She'll never write again,
Massacred the painter's muse,
His deadline: tonight at 10.
Someone stole the poet's tongue,
Now she can speak no more,
Someone dashed the musician's hopes,
By throwing away his score.
Someone promised me the world,
And left me on an island bare,
His liar's tongue echoing words,
The wind of his breath in my hair.
Someone walked into his room,
They say he spoke out of turn,
Tied him to a kitchen chair,
Made him watch his camera burn.
Someone whispers in the trees,
They cut off both her ears,
Dropping delicate diamond words,
The violinist no longer hears.
Someone tiptoes through his living room,
And smashes his baby grand,
In the morning he wakes from a drugged sleep,
And they've cut off both his hands.
Someone took her heart today,
And put her fire out,
And if this be the last verse that she writes,
It's a hell of a way to go out.


text:
Eleven trillion gallons — that's the amount of water that NASA scientists say would be needed to replenish key California river basins in what they're calling the first-ever estimate of the water necessary to end an episode of drought. That 11 trillion gallons is the deficit in normal seasonal levels that NASA said a team found earlier this year in the Sacramento and San Joaquin river basins, using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. The GRACE data, presented Tuesday at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco, showed those river basins losing about 4 trillion gallons per year — more than state residents use annually, NASA said.
In another finding, NASA said airborne measuring indicates the Sierra Nevada range snowpack was half previous estimates. "The 2014 snowpack was one of the three lowest on record and the worst since 1977, when California's population was half what it is now," Airborne Snow Observatory principal investigator Tom Painter of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said in the NASA release.
California has been blasted by autumn storms dumping inches of much-needed rain - but that's still not enough to get the Golden State out of its drought. "Recent rains are no reason to let up on our conservation efforts," Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board, said recently.
- Climate Change Isn't Causing California Drought: Report
- California's Drought Worst in 1,200 Years: Study
- Parched: Dry California Gets Bad Water-Saving Score


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Item description for The Yawning Church by Rick Metrick...Overview
For nearly two thousand years, the Holy Spirit has preserved the last paragraph of Revelation 3, as a "Survivor's Manuel" for the church of the Last Days. Although Christianity, American-style, appears to have it all together, you are about to discover Jesus has a different opinion. He is about to strip the church's religious masquerade and reveal her true character with a chilling five-fold condemnation: "wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked." His code word for her spiritual condition is "Laodicea." As you progress through these short and easy to read chapters, you will discover God's healing balm for the church of the twenty-first century. It is my prayer that the Holy Spirit will rest upon you and that the wonderful counsel of Jesus Christ will revive His Spirit within. Welcome to the cure for what ails "The Yawning Church of the Twenty-first Century.
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
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2012 Lincoln MKZ-4 Cyl.
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Expert Reviews
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run for your life
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This Gif entitled run for your life was created from the youtube video 3 years ago. It uses 18 frames per second and is displayed at 640px resolution. This animated image plays for 1 seconds, was built with high quality and an estimated weight of 3.07 MB for download. This animation was originally created from the "Scooby Doo, Where are you!" Theme Song (1969) video from 00:24 to 00:25.
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Eagle Towing 24 Hour Emergency Service
Trucks - Commercial Vehicles — 27-12-2016
For towing in Round Rock and surrounding areas towing or emergency road service call us for a FAST tow!Eagle Towing is the best around. BBB A+! We won\'t be stranded for long when you call us. Our Rou...Reply


text:
Gears of Frisco
Flying over Frisco is unbelievable. Just the sight of it still amazes me, and I've seen it hundreds of times. If you've ever looked at the insides of one of those ancient pocket watches they used centuries ago, that's what it reminds me of. Layer upon layer of intricate gears, wheels and dials, all interlocking and working together. The striking difference is that the gears and wheels in Frisco are dozens of kilometers in diameter. The largest disk, the residential fly-wheel, is nearly 150 kilometers in diameter. It's also the closest to the ground. It's about 300 meters above the surface of the land, and it takes close to two years to make a complete revolution around the central hub.
Above that are smaller sets of gears and disks that turn faster on hubs set into the spokes of larger wheels. Most businesses are built on disks that mesh along the residential gear and make about one revolution per week. Other's revolve bi-weekly. This reduces transportation needs drastically. A grocery store may be near your neighborhood every two weeks, while clothing stores only come around every four weeks. Most restaurants try and time themselves to be available every two or three days, but there are lots of them. Of course if you need to get around, there are plenty of fast-moving transportation gears of different sizes that spin hourly and daily. Delivery gears swing by retail gears, and oscillate up and down between supplier wheels and transfer armatures. The economy is stable because it is built into the machinery of the clockworks. Most government employees work on slow monthly gears up high, and near the hub. They may live on the outer rim, but by simply stepping up onto faster moving gear platforms that pass within walking distance of any residential neighborhood disk, a person can easily reach any other location or gear in the city machine. It's simply a matter of learning the gear reduction ratios.
The only people not intimately familiar with the gear math are the farmers. Farms are built on seven massive floating islands that are attached to the city machine by huge carbon armatures. These floating islands rise and fall with the tides, and give mechanical motion to the clockworks of the city. There are people living in small towns on those farm islands that have never even been to the city. They think that dweller's in Frisco are crazy for spending their lives spinning around endlessly.
San Francisco, as they used to call it, was the first city to go mechanical in a big way. Back when it was still part of the original United States, they had experimented with using huge tide floats to power the city, but they were just for electrical power generation. At that time, no one even considered using the tidal energy directly, to literally run the city, and the idea of modeling social structure into the actual design of a machine hadn't even been considered yet. By the time downtown was devastated for the third time by a massive seismic event, it was becoming evident that it was impossible to build surface structures that could withstand those types of forces. So, they cleared the land; let it go back to nature. The entire bay area land surface is a now huge wildlife refuge. Even with the city spinning above it, enough sunshine gets down through the spokes of the massive round wheels above to keep the forests vibrant and alive. People go down there to hike and camp now on their vacations. Standing down there on the ground looking up at the city, it looks like a massively huge, yet complex and delicate spinning piece of art. It spans as far as you can see across the sky.


text:
Chapter 1 - Expect No Miracles (1) Sammy And The Angelus SixMature
Small towns sometimes hold the biggest secrets...
I never know how to begin telling people, particularly strangers, strange tales, so I figure I should just get on with it. This story is about a girl I met due to a domestic disturbance call. If that isn't weird enough, well I have plenty more to disclose later. First, I need to give you a little background.
My name is Lemar Leilocounti. I'm a private investigator with ties to the Angelus Police Department. Ties that Sammy Hograph, Chief of Police, would rather sever than say he knew who I was. Ungrateful bastard probably is chewing on his fifth cigar tonight. I wish I could say he was a good cop, that corruption hadn't eaten away at his soul like a cancer, but I can't be sure. All cops get tempted from time to time, and no one is immune to that. If they are, they're shot by the corrupt.
The 30 year old Chief on the rise, called me one day to "discuss some matters that need discussing". Charming fellow that he was, he never knew how to speak without reusing the same word at least twice in the sentence. He told me to meet him in his office.
"I wanna hire you, Detective." He's a tall man, but skinny, always with his trademark Macanudo cigar in his mouth. He was sitting in his chair with his feet up on the desk.
"Yeah, what for, prostitution rings?" My appearance always seemed to take him off guard. I wore a black leather jacket that hung down to the floor. My emerald eyes glanced down, hearing the plop of files as they hit his desk.
"Something a little more fucked up I'm afraid. Sit down Lemar." He clicked a button on the intercom.
"Janice, tell anyone coming to see me that I'm in an important meeting."
"Yes sir!"
Sammy grimaced at me. "A couple months ago we got a tip on a local gang we nicknamed the Angelus Six. They went around town harassing young teenagers for lunch money. We –"
"Lunch money? Come on Sammy!"
"They started with lunch money, and then went on to drug dealing when they figured selling coke was smarter than buying the cola. A sort of two for one deal, if you get my drift. Suddenly these bastards get pissy when we bust their suppliers in a raid down at Hearn Street. What happens next? These motherfuckers snap and get trigger happy. Their last known target was a lesbian down in Syracuse. Now they're dead, and that lesbian is M.I.A, or so we think."
"And you want me to investigate how the hell six people go off the radar? Expect no miracles Sammy." I grinned. This was going to be interesting.
"You can take the files as long as you don't show anyone. They're all you need to know."
"Somehow I doubt that Sammy." I flicked my card at him, picking up the files with both hands. "Call me. If anything comes in, I want it."
"You got it buddy. You're the only one I know that can figure this stuff out."
"Expect no miracles Sammy." I stood up, turning around to the door.
"I don't."


text:
Retail sales rose by 0.3% - in line with expectations - nudging the annual rate of increase down from 6.5% to 6.1%.
National Statistics said clothes shops and department stores performed strongly, with mobile phones and garden centre sales also doing well.
However, the market was gripped by the hawkish set of minutes from the Bank of England's monetary policy committee, published yesterday. These showed the MPC considered lifting rates by a half-point earlier this month to cool household borrowing. It eventually plumped for a quarter-point rise to 4.25%.
David Hillier at Barclays Capital became the latest economist to bring forward his forecast for the next move to June. '
'We now think the repo rate will rise 25-basis points in June, August and October rather than August, November and February 2005,' he said. 'We will reach a rate peak of 5% by the fourth quarter of this year rather than early next year.'
Philip Shaw at Investec, Ross Walker at Royal Bank of Scotland, Simon Rubinsohn at Gerrard and Steve Andrew at ISIS Asset Management are also predicting a June rise.
The FTSE 100 index fell 49.1 points to 4422.7 amid investor jitters about the sky-high oil price. US crude rose as high as $41.70 a barrel, just shy of Monday's record $41.85. Brent crude rose 20 cents to $38.10.
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Genre and what to do:Hidden object game. Mysterious City: Cairo is a sequel to The Mysterious City: Golden Prague, which features exciting storyline and challenging gameplay. All the events of the game take place in Egypt. Assuming the role of a junior archeologist you are going to solve the case of the three missing artifacts. You are the only person who can track down the culprits and recover the items for the Alexandria Museum. Do you have enough of skills to find the hidden clues and complete mini-puzzles? With the game progress you have a possibility to unlock wallpapers and more. Experiencing difficulties, you can use hint system. Mini-games contain great variations of jigsaw puzzles. You are going to either swap pieces or rotate them.
Style and atmosphere inside the game:Mysterious City: Cairo features beautifully rendered locations of the Egypt. Be ready to deal with nicely represented items, which must be found. The gameplay features suitable selection of sound effects as well as background music. The control system is easy to get used to. Overall, it is a game which does not suggest anything unique or original in it concept, just an ordinary game of the genre.
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Detective Murdoch investigates the theft of a valuable Rembrandt painting. He attended its unveiling at a lavish reception and saw the painting go on the elevator on the 11th floor and go directly to the first floor where Constables Crabtree and Higgins were waiting for it to arrive. When the doors open, all they find is a dead security officer and no sign of the painting or how it might have been removed. He soon finds the thieves, both dead, but there is no sign of the painting. They were professional thieves from Chicago and Murdoch determines that it is all part of a scheme to sell forgeries of the painting in question. While he tracks down the forger, he's not sure he's tracked down the mastermind behind the scheme.
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Page 1354 Data from a binary options 24 7 ku of psychobiological investigations confirm the effects that early experience can have on the neurophysiology of the developing organism. The Twenty-Four Hour Workday Proceedings of a Symposium on Variations in WorkSleep Schedules, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP).
) used in library design are only meaningful on full structures and thus cannot be applied to building blocks. 1981-83 NOES Estimated Number of Workers Potentially Exposed to METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER (CAS 80-62-6) Table 110. Comb.7 Pennington, M. The following kuu highlight some additional reaction types, which can be used proficiently for the derivatization of heterocyclic scaffolds. Approximately 60 percent of this group was well at follow-up. Finally, individual psychotherapy may assist these patients in identifying the stressors that are instrumental in producing relapses.
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The certifying examination in child and adolescent psychiatry has undergone periodic review and revision that have resulted in major changes.
Ann NY Acad Sci 15301, 1996. Connectionism and the mind An introduction to parallel processing in networks. For a patient whose main problem area is unresolved grief, the goals of treatment are to facilitate the mourning process and assist the patient in finding new activities and relationships to offset the loss.
Detection of Specific Malingered Conditions Malingered Mental Deficiency or Mental Retardation Mental deficiency or mental retardation is difficult to feign in the United States, primarily because the educational system is so energetic in its passion to evaluate and classify intelligence. Pipet 2. This motor disturbance affects about 30 percent of patients treated long-term with dopamine receptor antagonists.
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Systems Biology Opens New Research Pathways
Systems Biologists Are Attacking the Encrypted Messages That Would Allow Us to Predict and Change the Course of Disease
Individual Tumor Profiling
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IntegraGen Becomes First French Service Provider of Illumina Tools
IntegraGen received Illumina Certified Service Provider (CSPro™) certification for GoldenGate® and Infinium® genotyping technologies. IntegraGen reports that the transaction makes it the first certified French service provider for these Illumina technologies. Illumina says that the GoldenGate assay is its first array-based platform that combines high-sample throughput, high multiplexing, and single-site CpG resolution for DNA methylation profiling. The Infinium Whole-Genome Genotyping BeadArray™ solution offers single or multisample BeadChip formats and high-density architecture with the flexibility to add additional custom SNP Assays.
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Originally posted on Phillies Nation | Last updated 11/6/12
Freddy Galvis had perhaps the most interesting 2012 season of any Phillies player. He lived up to the hype defensively, lived down to his offensive reputation, essentially broke his back while batting and was suspended for having trace amounts of a performance-enhancing drug in his system. When on the field, he was about what everyone expected, and was relied upon as a regular starter with Chase Utley on the disabled list. Galvis doing his thang. Galvis played in 58 games and tallied 200 plate appearances. He hit .226/.254/.363, with a .267 wOBA and 64 wRC+. His light-hitting was expected, as he had a 74 wRC+ in 1,072 Double-A plate appearances from 2009-11, and an 82 wRC+ in 126 Triple-A plate appearances in 2011. The major league equivalency for those numbers is right around what Galvis produced, and while 44% of his hits went for extra bases, his approach at the plate was generally lacking. He doesn't walk, strikes out more than the typical slap-hitter, and doesn't hit the ball very hard. He isn't known for his offense, however, and his defense was so good that it became difficult to remove him from the lineup. Though he only played 1/3 of the season, he finished with a +5.6 fielding rating, manning 2B for 416 innings and SS for another 36 innings. He excelled in both areas and showed himself to be a valuable utility infielder. His overall fielding rating ranked among the league leaders despite the fact that he didn't even technically qualify for the leaderboard. Galvis was an elite fielder playing a new position and playing it as well as the player he was filling in for, who oh-by-the-way, just happens to have the highest fielding rating at the position over the last five seasons. Unfortunately, due to the injury and the suspension, that's all we can really say about Galvis. It's tough to project his production moving forward because it's unclear if or how the back injury will impact his performance. It's also unclear what position he will play next season, which obviously factors into his projection. While the Phillies will likely use him to spell Utley, he will probably see more time at third base, another new position. It's doubtful that Galvis would struggle in moving to third, considering how well he plays shortstop, but it remains an unknown. His best comp is probably Clint Barmes, who can't hit, but who fields as well as anyone. Barmes hit .229/.273/.321 last season, with a .260 wOBA and a 62 wRC+, an offensive stat-line almost identical to Galvis. Barmes also finished with a +14.4 fielding rating and 1.7 WAR. Had Galvis played the entire season, his numbers would have looked like this. He would have finished with league average — or slightly below — production fueled almost entirely by his glove. That has value, especially at the league minimum salary. If a grade has to be given, I would give Galvis a C, similarly to how I graded Placido Polanco. A run saved defensively is a run produced on offense, and Galvis saved runs at an elite pace. I'm bearish on his long-term prospects as an everyday player, but see no reason that he couldn't thrive as a utility infielder and late-innings replacement. It's tough to officially grade someone that missed so much of the season, but his glove made a big impact over the first third of the season.
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