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Related post: Date: Wed, 16 May 2007 21:48:34 -0700 (PDT) From: James Mc Subject: queer and proudThe following story is true. It's about how I came to the realization that I'm gay. If you have nude kid bbs board a problem with reading about man on man sex or sex in public then i strongly suggest you not read this. If you are under 18 then this is not legal for you to read at all. The names have been changed but that's it. I haven't changed anything else. Those that live near me feel free to email me to set up a hookup. Queer and trailer bbs teens Proud By: Jim MasonI've been gay since birth. I realize this now. I won't lie to you though. I have had sex with several women. zep ranchi bbs sven I, however, keep going back to men. At first, I thought it was a sexual perversion and something that I really shouldn't be doing. It took a life changing event for me to finally realize what I pedo kds bbs really am.I became interested in sex at a very young age. I started jacking off when i was 9 years old. I had been playing with my dick prior to that but 9 years old was when i had my first orgasm. I teen forum bbs list was child sex bbs russian also 9 years old when I sucked my first dick.I was over at a tinygirls bbs friend's house. We were playing in his sprinkler while his parents were gone. At one point my swimming bbs pic nude shorts fell off. Dan started rubbing my naked cock right there in his back yard. He took off his clothes as well and we layed in the back yard sex info kds bbs and sucked each other's dicks. We would continuing to do this about once a week or so all summer. We just sorta abruptly stopped it.Next would be Sean. I was 11 years old. We went to school together and he lived up the japanese bbs erotic forum road from me in a close-by neighborhood. He stayed over at my house alot and we talked about girls alot. After a few weeks we started to jack off in the dark in my bed together. Sometimes we would briefly stroke each other. I do have to say that I loved feeling his cock in the dark. It was dirty and I just new that not alot of ppl did it.One night we were jacking each other off and he went down on me. God it felt good. It didn't last very long that night. He sucked my dick for a few minutes then I sucked him for a few minutes. Afterwards, he asked if what we did was ok. I told him that i'm totally ok with it if he is. He admitted that he had been wanting to go down on me for a couple weeks but wasn't sure if it was cool or not.That would be vombat bbs lol the bbs little angel newsgroup start of my first gay relationship. We weren't out to anyone pedo sites bbs but we had already decided to be boyfriends. I would go to his house after school and we would lay in his bed naked and make out till my mom picked me up. We didn't get into any heavy oral in fear that his mom would walk in. Never mind the fact that we were in bed together totally naked. We stayed the night at my house every weekend. We would make out in my room all night until bedtime. After the lights ellwebbs bbs went out we would get naked and suck each other off until we wanted to go to bed. We would lay together in bed when we slept. I liked the feeling of his dick between my butt illegal bbs thumbs cheeks. I woke up more than asian kogal bbs a few times to him grinding me. We never had anal sex while we were awake but twice. Several times in the middle of the night, I would wake up to him humping me and his dick was about halfway inside me.I never knew if he was "sleep fucking" me or if he was just waiting little girls naked elwebbs till i was asleep. It felt good either way. Over the summer after 7th grade he had to move away because his dad got a different job. We had anal sex that night before bed. gallery teen bbs He wouldn't come back to henderson until we were both 17. I had almost forgotten about our escapades. He called me out of the blue and said that he was moving back free bbs pretty into town.He said, "So, you dating anyone?"I said, "Yeah, I've been with a couple girls since last time you were here."He said, "Getting any pussy?"I said, "Of course."He said, "You remember what we used to do back in 7th grade?"I said, "Well, yeah."He said, "What cp bbs elwebbs did you think about that?"I lola preeten bbs said, "I liked it. You were my first and only boyfriend."He said, "Yeah, that was pretty cool."I said, "Nobody's home right now if you wanna come over."He said, "What did you wanna do?"I said, "A little truth or dare."He said, "You still into that?"I said, "I haven't sucked any other guys dicks, if that's what you mean." (I actually lied. I had a boyfriend during my most of my sophomore year of highschool. We were actually semi-public with it. We went to homecoming together, made out at the dance and ls magazin bbs everyone knew we got bbs pedo porno kds a hotel room afterwards.)He said, "I'll be over in 15 minutes."He was over about 20 minutes later. He walked in the door and we started to make out. We slowly walked back to my room, making out the whole way. We layed on the bed fully clothed. We started rubbing each other's cocks through our jeans as we kissed.We stood up and undressed each other while we made out. As ground young bbs soon as i preetens bbs naked had his pants off I hit the floor and started sucking his dick. It was much bigger than bbs xxx top list what i remember in 7th grade. Back then he was about 3 inches long. bd portal bbs He was now about japanese bbs porn 8 inches long. We ended up in a 69 and we sucked each other's dicks for a good 20 minutes. I would break it off. I got on top of him and slid his dick into my pussy.We fucked in my bedroom all that afternoon.I let him cum in my pussy and I came all over his cock and stomach. We were making out and holding each other afterwards. I felt the need to reveal a truth to him.I said, "I wanted to tell you something in person, Sean."He said, "What's that?"I said, "I think if you hadn't moved away I would probably be gay right now."He said, "Really?"I said, "Well topliste bbs yeah. We sucked each other's dicks every weekend for over a year."He said, "You wanna know something?"I said, "Of course."He said, "I've thought about you every day I was gone. I told my friends that I had to move away from my boyfriend in henderson."I said, "That's cool man, but I think we would probably had stayed boyfriends."We had sex about 2 weeks later and I never saw him again. I wouldn't have another gay no tits bbs tgp encounter until after highschool.I bbs ranchi pics was 18 when I started working at Best Buy in Evansville. I started off at the service desk but moved to the warehouse about 4 months after dark collections bbs tgp I started. My supervisor had been trying to get me to go to bed with him on several occasions and he was public about it half the time. The other half he would ask me to go bbs portal tgp home with him and go to bed with him when it was just him and me. I always told him no that I was straight. The truth was that I just didn't want people to know that little model bbs forum I was into guys. That and it was the fact that I was in serious denial about my sexuality.Then one summer night I would be somewhat forced mautre bbs to act on my desires. Rob and I were closing together and we had the radio bbs bbs boards on. We had heard that my only means of getting home was blocked for the evening. Well, there was another austin bbs way for me to get home but I would have to take another 2 hours to get home.Rob said, "Why don't you just come home with me?"I thought about it for a couple seconds then said, "Ok, just let me call home and tell them."I called mom and told her the situation and that I was gonna be at rob's house. After bbs elwebbs we were done closing, I followed rob to his house. We got to his house and we sat up a while. He turned on very old bbs pics Top Gun and we started watching it.About 20 minutes into the movie he said, "Can I do something?"I said, "Sure thing."He got up and walked up to me. teen non nude bbs He unzipped my jeans and unbuttoned them. I stood up and pulled them off for him. I sat back down and he started sucking my dick. It was literally the best blowjob I bbs kds models had ever had.He sucked my dick for about nude bbs sites 20 minutes. illegal russian teen bbs He would go very slow so I wouldn't cum. I then said, "Can we continue this in bed together?"He said, "I wasn't gonna rush things."We both stood up and went to the bedroom. I finished undressing and got on his waterbed. He angel bbs pics changed in teenage model pics bbs his bathroom. He came out and I could see his big dick hanging between his legs. He was about 9 inches long. He got in bed with me and started making out. I then went down on him. I couldn't deep throat him but I did manage about half of his beautiful cock.After about 10 minutes of me sucking little tiny girls bbs his dick, he said, "I want you baby."I said, "You wanna fuck my pussy?"He grinned and said, "You are such a naughty girl."I got top model porn bbs on all fours but rested on my arms. sun erotica bbs He got out some ky-jelly and rubbed it on prepubescent bbs his cock and fingered my pussy shocking tgp bbs with teen model bbs tgp it. shy lollita bbs He then pressed his cock to my pussy and pushed it in. He slowly eased it in until his balls were resting on my ass. young bbs nudes He then grabbed my hips and slowly started fucking me. Each time he would push his dick in he would thrust it all the way in. I could feel nice pix bbs biz his big dick on japan teen naked bbs my prostate. extreme young sex bbs I had an erection from the stimulation. After youngest models bbs list about dark bbs sun bbs 15 minutes he layed back on his back. I got up on top of him and put his dick back where it needed to be.It took him another 15 minutes before he would cum. My dick was hard and he was enjoying himself so i let him just cum in my pussy. He came hard and kept fucking me. I leaned back and started jacking off while he fucked me. We came together on his second orgasm. I shot my load up into the air and down all over my dick and bbs girl nude sex balls.I don't even remember cleaning up. We fell asleep with him holding me. I still had cum all over my cock and cum leaking out of my pussy. We didn't have to be into work again until noon. We woke up at about 10 am and had a quicky again before having to get ready.What would happen at work would be shocking to fotos bbs porno me. We walked into work and Rob's best friend was already back in the warehouse taking inventory.He said, "So what did young movie bbs you guys do last night?"I said, "Rob only has one bed. What do you think happened?"He said, "I meant the sales figures...."I said, "Oh well. I enjoyed myself."Rob and I didn't have sex again after that night. I wanted top tgp bbs pics to and he wanted to, but it just never german kiddie bbs happened. He had a roommate move in soon after. Not a sexual roommate. It was someone that he was dark collection bbs index old friends with that needed a place to stay. About the only thing we did was he would models art bbs rub my dick when incest stories bbs we got a spare moment alone back in the warehouse.I didn't model24 bbs have any other gay experiences after that for a long time. I got married in my early 20's. I bbs biz toplist had sex with my wife for nearly 6 Ls bbs models months straight w/o missing a day. We had been married a year and I started to download porn. bbs sexi Wasn't anything wrong in the bedroom or anything. I just thought it would be something different. We could watch it before we had sex. I downloaded all kinds of porn. Most of them were sven bbs ls full length movies. I had bbs boards animation nude a large collection of lesbian, straight and even gay porn.I had told my wife about all my sexual encounters with men and she was ok with it. She new that I still found men attractive. She asked me once if I would ever sleep with a man kdz bbs free pics again. ls magazine bbs pics I said, "if i had the opportunity and you didn't care...I sure would."That opportunity lollita bbs porno would present itself soon after. She was friends with a couple that had been swinging on an occasion or 2. From what I had been told they teenager forum bbs had a few threesomes AFTER getting married. They had a 2nd man twice and a 2nd woman twice.One night we were all casually drinking and watching movies. All of us were horny but nobody wanted to leave the room. My wife's friend decided to bbs desi free just pull the couch out into a bed. We all got undressed and bbs teen girls boards got in bed. Karen and I were making out and i was playing with her pussy. While we were making out, someone started sucking my dick. It wasn't Amber. It was her husband Darren. I looked over and Amber was sucking Darren's dick and Darren was sucking my dick. I told Karen to hold on a sec. I held Darren's head and pulled him up to me. Darren and I started making out. We were fondling each other while we kissed.I flip-flopped and started sucking Darren's dick. Soon we were 69ing. I had totally forgotten about Karen. Darren slowly sucked me to an orgasm. I didn't want to leave him hanging so I bent over the bed and told him bbs ls pics model to have his way with me. He got off the bed and plunged his dick into my pussy. It took bbs porn board forum Darren about nude pretteen bbs 20 minutes to cum and he was nice enough to play with my cock while he fucked me.Darren and I would turn that first night into several nights alone together. Sometimes it would be a quick thumb model bbs galleries blowjob while the girls were out getting dinner. Sometimes we would go all the way.Those encounters I had with Darren would put a spark between my legs. shy bbs I was working in evansville at the time. I would stop by an adult bookstore about once or twice a week. This particular bookstore had several booths that you could go in. They played an assortment of pornos and teens forums bbs each one had a 2way window connecting you to someone else on the other side. You just press a button and they do the same and you can watch each other.You aren't supposed to have more than one person to a booth but nobody ever followed that rule. The way I started it, I would get in my booth, pull my jeans down and start playing with myself. I would keep my button pushed so whoever was on the other side would see me automatically when they pushed theirs. We would watch each other jack off until someone got enough nerve to invite the other over. We would suck each other off and then both would leave.I got more daring the more I went into the bookstore. About a bbs image boards month later, I would go to a corner that didn't have heavy klass bbs lol free traffic. I would strip completely naked and leave my booth door wide open. A guy would bbs olitas xxx come by and watch me openly play with myself. If they were interested they would just walk in and shut the door behind bbs angels models them. We would make out and suck each other then leave once we were black bbs models photos done. I got even more daring one time. I was naked in my booth playing with myself. A cute mid-20 y/o guy was watching me. I noticed he started to rub his dick chinese rori bbs nude through his jeans while watching me. I walked out into the open completely nudism bbs japan naked. I pressed myself to him sven storyboard bbs and kissed him. I reached into his jeans and started fondling his cock.Well, for one reason or another karen and I would get divorced. It had nothing to do with my sexual interests. She just didn't want to be married anymore. I honestly didn't want to deal with another woman. Anyway, about a month or so before we called it quits, I had a post in a yahoo group for gay/bi men in the henderson, ky area. The first real person to respond to it would be someone that I never thought would be gay. I honestly didn't want to forum bbs ls images deal with another woman. I wanted to find someone that just wanted sex and lots of little girls sex bbs it. I would find 2 different guys.I found a guy that I went to school with. He's the absolute best dick sucker i've ever been with. We've had sex 3 or 4 times with me on top. He's not much of a top guy. I also found an older guy. He's the ex husband of someone I used to know.Both are perfect. I can just call them adolescents model bbs up and ask if adult comics bbs i can come over. I go over there and we have rompl pedo bbs a bbs newsgroup bestiality couple hours of fun and then go back to our regular lives. It's funny how the roles reverse though. I've been a bottom guy most of my gay life. I'm a bottom for the older guy. He sure does enjoy being on top of me. bbs nude portal models The younger guy is more of a alfa child bbs bottom. It doesn't happen every time we are together though. Basically just when there's plenty of lube and lots of stimulation prior to it.I haven't come out of the closet to anyone other than myself and the men i'm with. I kind of prefer it that way at the moment. I do know that I'm 85 percent gay though. I can watch porno's with women in them but you get me naked with a man and my dick gets rock hard in an instant. If you liked my story let me know. If you are in or around henderson, ky and wanna know more write me and we can chat.
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Tag: Poker Ban
Tony G Responds to Russia Blacklist
Tony G was recently added to the list of MEPs banned from entering Russia.
The Weekly Turbo: Fight for Your Right to Poker
Remember that the ability to play poker is a privilege.
Australia Outlaws Online Poker, Live Sports Betting
Australian federal parliament decided to close the loopholes for online gambling.
California Online Poker Bill Will Try to Tackle Suitability Again
California's at it again, trying to legislate online poker and satisfy interested parties.
Graham, Sessions Give Internet Gaming a Chance to React
The Department of Justice generally conducts its business behind the scenes, where the influence of Adelson is at its most dangerous, and then springs results on the public. Not this time.
U.S. Online Gambling Progress Carries Over into 2017
This first part of this year could be monumental for online gambling.
Online Gambling in the U.S. in 2016: The Battle Isn't Over
Congress passed its final bills of 2016, but there may still be a chance for online gambling legislation in the coming year.
The 2016 Presidential Election May Not Affect Online Poker
The 2016 presidential election may not impact the future of online poker, with both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton focusing their efforts on other issues.
Quebec Ban of Online Gaming Sites To Be Challanged In Court
The Government of Quebec passed a law to ban online gaming sites but a Canadian lobby is challenging the law in Quebec Superior Court.
Russian Region Seeks To Fine Online Gamblers
Russian legislators in Tatarstan introduce a bill that would fine customers of unregulated online gaming sites.
Taxation May Lead the Way To Online Poker Legislation in Russia
Due to the ongoing financial crisis in Russia, many industry analysts believe that online poker could become legalized and regulated in the country.
Russia Is Considering the Legalization of Online Poker
Russia is considering to allow its 144 million residents to legally play online poker.
Chaffetz Drops Speaker of House Bid & Arizona AG Mark Brnovich Speaks Out Against RAWA
Arizona's Attorney General Mark Brnovich and National Fraternal Order of Police send letters opposing Restoration of America's Wire Act.
Switzerland To Regulate Online Gaming and Immediately Repeal Ban
Switzerland introduced a draft law to create a new online gaming licensing regime and to immediately repeal the ban of online gaming.
Russia Introduces Legislation to Potentially Prohibit Online Gaming Transactions
Russia introduces a Finance Bill which if passed could prohibit banks from processing online gaming transactions.
Coalition Led by Center for Freedom and Prosperity Oppose RAWA in Letter to Congress
A coalition consisting of the Center for Freedom and Prosperity and 11 other organizations sent a letter to Congress opposing RAWA.
Gaming in Germany: "It Is High Time That The State Treaty On Gambling Be Revised"
The European Commission questions Germany about its online gaming marketplace.
PokerStars and Players React to Pot-Limit Omaha Bot Scandal
PokerStars and poker players react to a suspected PLO bot ring that won an estimated $1.5 million.
Max Silver Talks Aria $25K High Roller VIII Win and $125 Nightly Party Crasher
On Friday, Max Silver took down the Aria $25,000 High Roller VIII, but amid controversy as a player from the $125 nightly found his way into the tournament.

subset: commoncrawl


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CONTROVERSIAL singer Morrissey's band stoked up the Falklands row at a gig in Argentina by wearing T-shirts with the slogan "We hate William and Kate".
Morrissey, 52, told 15,000 fans in Buenos Aires about the disputed islands: "We all know the Malvinas are Argentina's."
The ex-Smiths frontman, performing next to an Argentine flag, said they should not blame British people, adding: "Governments never listen to the people, to their pain."
Tensions have risen ahead of next month's 30th anniversary of the Falklands War.
And Prince William was posted to the Falklands for a six-week RAF flight training operation last month.


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Hello peeps, first time on all this. Im struggling to find the cause of my convertible roof failing to opperate.
The basics are, the roof is fully automatic, the light on the switch flashes orange constantly. I have had it on the diagnostics machine and it says "Short to ground motor" i have looked at all my wiring, i have had no luck solving the issue, everything looks ok in my opinion.
My storage compartment (where the roof folds into) will not click closed when i manually open the roof. The metal cables have alot of slack in them.
I have just put the car back on the road and the weather here is awesome for british weather, i just want to be able to use the roof.
Thanks guys


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Beth Phoenix has taken to Twitter to dismiss rumors that she is pregnant. She wrote, "Got 50 tweets congratulating me on my pregnancy. Not true guys. Gotta love the misinformation highway. But thanks for the...Read More →
Greetings to all… It's David Davis with my weekly blog: Death of Wrestling. For all of those who read this regularly, you will know that this is not a blog about bashing wrestling; it's a...Read More →
Greetings to all… It's David Davis with my weekly blog: Death of Wrestling. For all of those who read this regularly, you will know that this is not a blog about bashing wrestling; it's a...Read More →
WWE Diva Elizabeth Carolan, a.k.a Beth Phoenix is reportedly finishing up with the company shortly. According to a source, Phoenix will be retiring in October. Phoenix made her WWE debut in 2006 as an ally...Read More →
Beth Phoenix, who missed this week's edition of Raw despite being advertised in a pre-match graphic and was removed from several Australian dates, posted the following on her Twitter late last night: "Thank u for...Read More →
Sorry that this week's FATP is a little later than usual. I'm covering the Olympics with my job, so I wasn't quite on time this week. I'll still post weekly, but the days might be...Read More →
– JBL wrote the following on Twitter about Heath Slater and their RAW 1000 angle: "Many thanks to @HeathSlaterOMRB a good talented young man who took a heck of a bump for me last night...Read More →
– Beth Phoenix said in the latest issue of WWE Magazine that she would like to get a shot at the World Heavyweight Title. Beth told the magazine in the July issue when asked what...Read More →
— WWE is getting great feedback on the new set that' being used at live events. Wrestlers' entrances come across better, as do the promo videos that air throughout the show. Even though the new...Read More →
Numerous sources within WWE say Kelly Kelly has been granted "time off" by organization officials. She has been on the road full time since her 2006 debut and requested the break to recharge her batteries....Read More →
– WWE officials reportedly were close to putting the WWE Title on Daniel Bryan at Sunday's Over the Limit pay-per-view. The topic of Bryan winning the WWE Title was being discussed a lot over the...Read More →
It was announced on this week's edition of WWE Raw that WWE Divas Champion Layla will be defending her title against Beth Phoenix at this month's WWE Over the Limit pay-per-view. Below is an updated...Read More →
– CM Punk was asked by a fan on Twitter where he sees himself in a year, Punk replied, "Retired. On an island. Giant beard. Surrounded by comic books and vespas." Punk also noted that...Read More →
— Following an MRI and a battery of tests on his left arm Monday, doctors confirmed to WWE.com that John Cena sustained multiple muscle strains during his Extreme Rules Match against Brock Lesnar. "The most...Read More →
— A teaser for the WWE Network is running at the beginning of WWE Classics On Demand shows with 2012 being advertised as its premiere. — A Raw SuperShow is scheduled for September 3 at...Read More →
– New WWE Divas Champion Layla wrote the following on her Twitter account last night after Extreme Rules: "Thank U guys 4 all Ur Support! Its been a long Journey! I'm so happy to be...Read More →
WWE has announced via text message that Beth Phoenix is off the Extreme Rules PPV tonight. Nikki Bella will face a "mystery Diva" for her title....Read More →
It was announced on the WWE Extreme Rules website that Nikki Bella will be defending her WWE Divas Championship belt against Beth Phoenix at this Sunday's PPV. Here's the current lineup for the event: Extreme...Read More →
– WWE sources confirmed to PWInsider today that Beth Phoenix is not injured and the apparent injury on RAW last night was part of the storyline to explain the title change. Beth sold the injury...Read More →
– Wrestling stars appearing at this weekend's Chiller Theater convention in Parsippany, New Jersey include Bobby Heenan, Sgt. Slaughter, Greg Valentine and Melina. – World Heavyweight Champion Sheamus and Beth Phoenix are scheduled to do...Read More →


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Clayton Road Fisheries
307 Clayton RoadBradfordWest YorkshireBD7 2RB
Category: Fish & Chip Shops
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Nearby Hotels
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Date of Stay: July, 2014
Great Park. Very clean. Nice dog park. And a special thanks to the staff. Great folks.
Date of Stay: June, 2010
Park is nice but needs some TLC. Older park. Wanted 50 amp service during this hot weather, but not available at the site we were assigned.
Date of Stay: September, 2009
Beautiful facilities, great location near the French Quarter. WIFI did not work and when reported to the office, they gave us the number to the company they use for us to call and report the problem. We were there for a few days and never did get any resolution. Also very noise due to it's location next to and almost under I-10. Also restrooms were not cleaned, same trash for entire stay.
Date of Stay: September, 2009
The park is very nice with wide roads and good hookups. The bugs were bad, but this is the south near the water. Overall a good park and would return when on the coast again.
Date of Stay: May, 2008
A good park with good facilities. Would stay here again when we return to the area.
Date of Stay: July, 2007
This is a good place for an overnight stop near the city. The owner/manager was very helpful and friendly.


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Time for cooperation
It is clear that the Ventura City Council made the correct ruling on the location of the homeless outreach at Harbor Community Church.
Now, the city and and the church have the opportunity to model cooperative behavior within a caring community.
The City Council, in recent years, asked the church's for help with the homeless population. Instead of spending scarce funds battling in court, the two should be working together to find a new more appropriate
location for this desperately needed service.
The problem was not the service provided, but the inappropriate and unauthorized location of those services.
- Misty Bradley


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 10, 1998
|Filing date
|Jan 19, 1996
|Priority date
|Mar 30, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jack E. Bridges, Guggilam C. Sresty
|Original Assignee
|Iit Research Institute
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (5), Classifications (5), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/454,0900 filed May 30, 1995 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/096,361 filed Jul. 22, 1993 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/952,205 filed Sept. 28, 1992 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/502,288 filed Mar. 30, 1990, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating radioactive waste by heating. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for using radio frequency energy to pyrolyze a batch of spent ion exchange resin contaminated with radioisotopes. The evaporation and pyrolysis inactivates the resin functional groups to destroy their hydrophilic property. It also reduces the resin volume so that relatively little space is needed for long term storage of the pyrolyzed residue or product.
As the use of nuclear reactors for the production of electrical power has become more common, it has become apparent that disposal of spent nuclear fuel has become a significant problem. What is perhaps not quite so well recognized is that other materials associated with the operation of nuclear power reactors become radioactive as from leaks from the primary cooling loop to the secondary cooling loop and that these materials must also be disposed of. Among such consumables are ion exchange resins in powder or bead form. They are used in condensate polishing operations to maintain the purity of cooling water.
In condensate polishing, water from the secondary cooling loop of a nuclear reactor is passed in contact with an anion exchange resin and a cation ion exchange resin to remove dissolved ionic species, such as chlorides, sulfides, sulfates, and various metals such as cadmium, mercury and strontium, which leak from the primary cooling to the secondary cooling loop of the nuclear reactor. These species might attack and damage the secondary cooling loop, leading to leaks of irradiated liquids. The anion exchange resin typically has functional groups comprised of sulfonates or carboxyls, while the cation exchange resin has amines as functional groups.
In the process of removing the unwanted species from the cooling water loop of the nuclear reactor, the ion exchange resins become mildly radioactive, possibly due to absorption of radioactive iodine or heavy metals. Their ion exchange capacity also gradually becomes depleted. When the resins have been used for a year or more, it usually is necessary to remove it from the power generating facility and replace them with fresh ion exchange resins. The spent radioactive resins then must be disposed of in a manner which does not contaminate the environment.
It is known that heating a resin drives off water and reduces its volume. There have been proposals to use various heat sources to dehydrate a spent resin, for instance by electrical resistance heaters and the like. These techniques lead to the production of considerable amounts of waste gases, as well as a non-uniform processing temperature of the resin. If such waste gases, which contain organic compounds and radioactive components, are vented into the atmosphere they may pose significant environmental and health hazards. Some of the conventional processes for treating the contaminated resin, such as by incineration, oxidize the resin, producing additional waste gases which must be disposed of properly. Alternative methods, such as the Rockwell air dry process, are expensive to practice when the resin is contaminated with radioactive components.
It has also been found that if the spent radioactive resin is pyrolyzed by conventional heat sources and stored in cement, in some cases the resin may rehydrate and swell, thereby, rupturing the cement containment and posing contamination problems. The rehydration problem is believed to be caused by the resin's having been treated at either too low or too high temperature or by non-uniform temperatures, which for portions of the resin are below and/or above the ideal resin partial pyrolysis temperature range of from 250� C. to 300� C. It is believed that the active groups of the ion exchange resin, the sulfonate, carboxyl and amine groups, are destroyed by temperatures exceeding 250� C. However, it has been found that when a temperature is substantially more than about 300� C., the resin releases hydrogen, which converts the resin to a graphitic material. The graphitic material bonds poorly to cement and cannot be securely stored by mixing it with cement and allowing the mixture to set. The lack of structural integrity in the cement-graphitic material prevents it from being safe enough for long-term radioactive material storage.
It has been proposed that it may be easier to heat the resin uniformly by exposing it to microwave power, rather than by using conventional heat sources; however, using microwaves to treat resin presents a number of other problems. If a mass of resin is heated by microwaves using conventional apparatus, heat loss from the resin mass at its surfaces due to conduction, convection or radiation results in temperature variations throughout the resin, which is highly undesirable. In Bridges, J. E. et al., "RF/Microwave Volume-Reduction and Stabilization System For Radwaste Resins," presented at the Waste Management 1986 Symposium on Radioactive Waste Management, it was disclosed that radio frequency energy and microwave energy produced by an RF power source and fed to an RF reactor, which could be sealed with radioactively contaminated ion exchange resin inside, may be used for the volume reduction and stabilization of those resins. In particular, it was there suggested that radioactive ion exchange resin beads can be treated by exposing them to microwave radiation, which drives off water left over from ion exchange processes. As there disclosed, the resin beads are then pyrolyzed. It is known that spent radioactive resin can be prevented from rehydrating by pyrolyzing it at a temperature of between 250� and 300� C. If the pyrolysis temperature is less than 250� C. the resin may rehydrate due to incomplete destruction of the functional groups which cause the resin to be hydrophilic. As may best be seen in FIG. 5 of Bridges et al., effluents from the RF reactor are fed to a vapor/liquid separator; gases from the vapor/liquid separator are received by a causticized carbon absorber; and liquids are pumped from the bottom of the separator to an activated carbon absorber.
Exposure of a batch of ion exchange resin to microwave energy in a cavity of the type which might be found in a microwave oven, however, is undesirable because the multiple modes in the cavity cause portions of the resin to heat at different rates. Other heating uniformity problems also may be encountered. In particular, this is because the electrical permittivity, also known as the dielectric constant, of the water-laden resin beads changes as they dry. Before the beads have been dried completely, they preferentially absorb microwave energy, causing the water to be volatilized from them. In some microwave ovens it has been found that heating can be made more uniform by the use of mode stirrers. However, mode stirrers, in and of themselves, are not sufficient to insure homogeneous heating of large batches of the ion exchange resin beads. Further, the depth of penetration of microwave energy, typically having a frequency above 900 MHz, into the resin volume is extremely small. For example, for nearly dried resins at temperatures between 100� C. and 150� C., irradiated with electromagnetic energy having a frequency of 1 GHz, the conductivity ranges between 0.1 and 1.0, the loss tangent from 0.5 to 0.16 and the related permittivity from 30 to 10. Under these conditions the power lost per centimeter of penetration is about 1 dB. In other words, for every 1 cm. advance of the microwave power into the resins, 20% of the impinging power is dissipated. This means that for about an inch of penetration, the heating at the surface of the resin volume is almost twice that at a one inch depth. Thus a large surface area must be exposed if microwave heating is to be used, and this results in both mechanical and heat transfer difficulties.
Other methods of heating are known for use in different environments. For instance, see Bridges et al., U.S. Reissue Pat. No. Re. 30,738 for Apparatus and Method for In Situ Heat Processing of Hydrocarbonaceous Formations, which discloses a method and an apparatus for heating buried materials, such as oil shale, bitumen, and the like. The apparatus employs a central exciter plate or equivalent electrode and a pair of grounded plates or equivalent electrodes outside it. The electrodes receive radio frequency energy and produce a transversely uniform radio frequency electric field for heating, by displacement current, the buried material bounded by the electrodes. In order to provide even more uniform heating of the buried deposits by such an apparatus, a method of and apparatus may be used for repetitively switching or altering the electrical termination of the electrodes of the apparatus to vary the longitudinal standing wave patterns of the electric field, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,585 to Bridges et al. for Apparatus and Method for In Situ Controlled Heat Processing of Hydrocarbonaceous Formations. However, neither of the Bridges et al. patents provides a method of uniformly heating ion exchange resins contaminated with radioactivity in order to insure that the resins are completely pyrolyzed, while preventing them from becoming graphitic. Specifically, in the apparatus disclosed in U.S. Reissue Pat. Re. 30,738 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,585, some electric field non-uniformity exists near the extremities of the conductors. Such field non-uniformity cannot easily be tolerated for resin processing.
An apparatus and method for treating waste with bound radio frequency energy in the form of a bound radio frequency electric field, according to the present invention, enjoys a number of advantages over the prior apparatus and methods. One advantage of the instant apparatus is that it is able to heat uniformly a large batch of ion exchange resin contaminated with radioactive waste. Another advantage of the present invention is that it allows a batch of radioactive ion exchange resin to be pyrolyzed within a limited temperature range to prevent the resin from later rehydrating when stored. A further advantage of the instant invention is that it provides a batch type RF heating retort or reactor which provides easily controlled heating despite changes in electrical permittivity as the batch of ion exchange resin dries. A still further advantage of the instant invention is that it uniformly heats wet or dry batches of ion exchange resin without risking arcing and unwanted overheating or underheating of the resin, thus eliminating problems with electrical breakdown near the resin. Finally, the apparatus prevents the release of hazardous and/or radioactive substances to the environment.
The present invention provides improvements in methods of and apparatus for treating radioactively contaminated ion exchange resin and, in particular, provides an apparatus for treating a large batch of radioactively contaminated ion exchange resin to provide substantially transversely uniform or isothermal heating to the resin. The substantially uniform heating insures that the entire resin is pyrolyzed within a relatively narrow range of temperatures, from 250� C. to 300� C., so that it does not later rehydrate to cause it to breach the cement in which it is potted. In order to achieve uniform heating of the ion exchange resin contaminated with radioactive waste, an enclosed reactor incorporates three parallel longitudinally extending electrodes. The three parallel electrodes comprise a pair of outer plate electrodes, which are grounded either to the reactor container or to an appropriate ground, and a centrally positioned inner exciter electrode. The electrodes are connected to a transition section, which is connected via a coaxial cable to a conventional source of radio frequency energy, such as a linear amplifier driven by an oscillator.
Uniform heating of the ion exchange resins is provided by having the resins loaded into a treatment volume of the reactor in contact with the exciter plate and the grounded plates. Radio frequency energy is then supplied to the exciter electrode and the grounded electrodes causing a pair of substantially transversely uniform time-varying or alternating electric fields to be created between the first grounded electrode and the inner exciter plate and the second grounded electrode and the inner exciter plate, respectively. If certain design criteria are used electric fields are transversely uniform, but not necessarily longitudinally uniform, due to power absorption by the resin along the length of the electrodes. As the ion exchange resin is heated by both conductive and displacement currents, with the displacement currents tending to predominate as the ion exchange resin is dried, the electrical energy from the time-varying electric field is preferentially absorbed by any remaining wet portions of the resin, also leading to differences in power distribution along the electrodes, but at the same time to a more uniform temperature. The reactor, however, is relatively short. The length of the treatment volume extends less than two skin depths of field penetration at the electrical permittivity of wet resin, preferably much less than two skin depths of distance. Because the amount of power fed to the electrodes is controlled by the linear amplifier and because the electric field which causes the heating is transversely uniform, the radioactive ion exchange resin beads or powder packed between the electrodes is heated substantially transversely uniformly.
In order to heat the resin even more uniformly, a plurality of electrical resistance guard heaters surround the treatment volume of the reactor so that a large temperature gradient is not present at the periphery of the treatment volume. Without the guard heaters, the loss of heat to the outermost portions of the reactor results in preferential cooling of the ion exchange resin beads or powder located at the periphery of the treatment volume. Such cooling could keep the temperature of a portion of the resin below 250� C. and preventing it from being properly pyrolyzed. Alternatively, some portion of the resin might be overheated over 300� C. leading to the conversion of the resin to a graphitic material which is unsuitable for storage in cement. As the resin dries its electrical permittivity decreases causing the heating mode to change from a substantially conduction current mode to a substantially displacement current mode.
In addition, the instant invention is designed with the RF heating reactor having its inner exciter and ground electrodes fed by a transition section connected to a coaxial cable. The transition section, at the energy entrance portion of the reactor, is filled with a low-loss dielectric comprising an electrical insulator. In a like fashion, a substantially identical tapered transition section may be used at the other end of the reactor connected to the three electrodes on one side and to a coaxial cable on the other side that feeds a mode-mixing unit having a switch which may be opened and closed to vary the electrical termination characteristics of the far end of the triplate line. The two tapering transition sections are filled with electrical insulation because without the electrical insulation, as the electric field increases and the ground plate extensions approach the exciter plate extension, arcing would occur. This is because the electric field strength is made as high as safely possible within the parallel section of the plates in order to insure rapid and efficient resin heating. Further, in order to reduce the likelihood that longitudinal standing waves would result in non-uniform temperatures due to resin at the nodes of the electric field standing waves receiving relatively little energy other than by thermal conduction, the electrically alterable termination is switched from one electrical state to another to alter the longitudinal standing wave patterns within the treatment volume from time to time. Such changes in the longitudinal standing waves allow the resin positioned between the inner exciter plate and the grounded plates to be heated relatively uniformly longitudinally.
It is a principal aspect of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for partially pyrolyzing ion exchange resin within a narrow range of pyrolyzing temperatures to prevent it from later rehydrating.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for heating radioactively contaminated ion exchange resin, without venting contaminated gases to the environment.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an apparatus for uniformly heating ion exchange resin by means of a transversely uniform alternating electric field which provides uniform heating to the resin positioned within a reactor.
These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, particularly when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system for uniformly heating a batch of radioactive ion exchange resin in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a portion of the system shown in FIG. 1, showing details of the electrical connections of portions of the system with a reactor for treating a batch of radioactive ion exchange resin;
FIG. 3 is a partly diagrammatic, partly sectional view of a reactor and associated circuitry for treating a batch of ion exchange resin in the system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the reactor shown in FIG. 3 and taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3 showing details of the interior of the reactor as well as the radio frequency electric field;
FIG. 5 is a graph for selected temperatures of the frequency of an applied radio frequency electric field versus the relative dielectric constant of spent ion exchange resin beads from the secondary cooling loop of a nuclear reactor; and
FIG. 6 is a graph for selected temperatures of the frequency of an applied radio frequency electric field versus the conductivity of spent ion exchange resin beads from the secondary cooling loop of a nuclear reactor.
FIG. 1 shows a system 10 according to the present invention for uniformly heating a batch of waste by means of bound radio frequency energy, specifically uniformly heating ion exchange resin contaminated with radioactivity. The system 10 includes a radio frequency reactor, retort or container 12, having an exterior insulated wall 13, as shown in FIG. 3, for receiving and treating a batch of ion exchange resin contaminated with radioactive material. The batch of ion exchange resin may be in the form of beads or powder. In either case, the ion exchange resin is in a particulate form. A heat exchanger 14 is connected to the reactor 12 via a series of lines 15 and 16 and a valve 17 to receive gaseous effluent and remove heat therefrom. A demister 18 is connected to the heat exchanger 14 via a line 20 to receive the cooled fluids and remove liquids from them. A line 22 is connected to receive gases from the demister 18 and feed them to a charcoal gas filter 24 where the radioactive materials are absorbed. In particular, radioactive heavy metals and organic compounds evolved from pyrolyzing the batch of contaminated ion exchange resin are absorbed by the activated carbon within the charcoal filter 24. A pump 26 connected to the gas filter 24 ultimately exhausts harmless remaining gases via a line 28 to a stack.
Contaminated liquids are drawn off from the demister 18 via a line 30 through a check valve 32 by a pump 34. The pump 34 forces the liquid into a line 36 connected to a charcoal filter assembly 38. Contaminants are removed by the charcoal filter assembly 38 and purified water is output via a line 40 through a check valve 42 to an appropriate output stream line 44. In order to insure that while the batch of ion exchange resin is being heated within the RF reactor 12 it does not oxidize, nitrogen from a nitrogen tank 50 is fed via a line 52 through a pair of check valves 54 and 56 to the RF reactor 12. Spent and/or contaminated wet ion exchange resin is supplied to the reactor 12 by means for filling the container with a batch of ion exchange resin. The filling means comprises a line 60, a two gallon per minute Moyno pump 62 connected to the line 60, a line 64 and a valve 66. The pump 62 forces the batch of wet ion exchange resin through the line 64, and the valve 66 and a line 67 into the reactor 12. A batch of stabilized or treated product, which is pyrolyzed ion exchange resin having its hydrophilic property destroyed so that it does not rehydrate in storage, may be drawn off by means for removing the batch of stabilized product from the container. The removing means comprises a line 68, a check valve 70, a line 72 and a pump 74. The stabilized product is removed from the reactor 12 through the line 68, the check valve 70, the line 72 and the pump 74.
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the reactor 12 in greater detail, as well as associated electric circuitry for supplying radio frequency potential and current to the reactor 12. A radio frequency power source 80, including a variable frequency oscillator and a linear amplifier, feeds a coaxial cable 82 with high frequency power. A matching network 84 provides impedance matching for coupling power to the reactor 12 through a coaxial cable 86. The reactor 12 has a plurality of electrical resistance guard heaters 88 and thermocouples 88a surrounding a peripheral region 89 for reducing the temperature differential between the interior of the reactor 12 and the ambient, so that more uniform heating of the contents of the reactor 12 can be achieved. In this embodiment the guard heaters preferably are Chromalox type SE chrome steel sheath resistance heaters, Chromalox product code number 130753. A coaxial cable 90 connects the reactor 12 to a mode-mixing network 92. A control unit 94 receives signals from the thermocouples 88a and supplies control signals to the RF source 80, the matching network 84, the electric resistance guard heaters 88 and the mode-mixing network 92 to control heating of the reactor 12.
In particular, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the RF power source 80 includes a conventional variable frequency oscillator connected to a ten kilowatt power source which feeds radio frequency energy, which may be in a range of frequency from 100 kilohertz to 300 megahertz, through the coaxial cable 82 to the matching network 84. The matching network 84 includes a pair of variable capacitors 94 and 96 having a fixed inductor 98 connected to them in a pi configuration. A variable inductor 100 is connected across the variable capacitor 96. The capacitors 94 and 96, as well as the inductor 100, may have their impedances varied in order to provide an impedance match from the RF power source 80 to the reactor 12. Such impedance matching networks are well known in the art. The radio frequency energy is then fed from the impedance matching network 84 via the coaxial cable 86 to the reactor 12.
The reactor 12 includes a center exciter electrode plate 110, a first grounded outer electrode plate 112 and a second grounded outer electrode plate 114, these comprise a triplate electrode arrangement. The first grounded outer electrode plate 112 and the second grounded outer electrode plate 114 may be connected together at their edges by a pair of conductive side plates 114a and 114b to form a totally shielded and grounded box 115. The electrodes are separated by low-loss high temperature insulators 114c, 114d, 114e and 114f. Thermal insulation 116 and the guard heater 88 are positioned outside the box 115. An additional metallic shield 155 may be positioned around the guard heater 88 and the thermal insulation 116. Together the thermal insulation 116 and the metallic shield 155 comprise the exterior wall 13. A low-loss dielectric 120 fills a transition section 122 connected to the electrodes 110, 112, and 114. The low-loss dielectric 120 prevents the relatively high electric field strengths in the transition section 122 from causing unwanted arcing or breakdown in the portion of the reactor 12 where the conductors are relatively close together. The plates 110, 112 and 114 are also connected to a second transition section 124 substantially identical with the transition section 122 and also filled with an identical low-loss dielectric 126 to prevent arcing and breakdown. The coaxial cable 90 is connected to the transition section 124 and to the mode-mixing network 92.
The mode-mixing network 92 includes a variable capacitor 130 and a variable inductor 132 connected in parallel between a switch 134 connected to the center electrode 110 and a grounded lead 136 connected to the grounded plates 112 and 114. The switch 134 is opened and closed periodically or from time to time by the control unit 94 to alter the pattern of longitudinal standing waves within the reactor 12 in order to provide more uniform heating longitudinally within the reactor. The transverse direction is any direction normal to the longitudinal direction.
The grounded outer electrodes 112 and 114 are separated by a distance equal to twice the distance between the electrodes 110 and 114, which is no greater than one-half the wavelength of the radio frequency energy. This constraint prevents the formation of unwanted standing waves within the reactor 12 and thus leads to more uniform heating of material therein. The electrode plates 110, 112 and 114 extend longitudinally through the reactor 12 a distance which is less than one skin depth of the wet ion exchange resin when exposed to the radio frequency electric field 119 produced between the electrodes 110, 112 and 114.
The reactor 12 is utilized to treat batches of waste, such as radioactive or otherwise contaminated ion exchange resin beads 150. While beads 150 are disclosed herein, the powder form of ion exchange resin may also be treated by the apparatus and method of the present invention. The beads 150, typically contaminated with radioactive heavy metals, are introduced through the pipe 67 and contained within a treatment volume 152 by the wall 13 of the reactor, the volume being partly defined by the grounded electrodes 112 and 114 and the low-loss high temperature insulators 114c, 114d, 114e and 114f. The treatment volume 152 is limited by the insulators 114c-114f to the region in which the electric field 119 is transversely uniform so that transversely uniform heating of the beads 150 occurs therein.
The regions 118 near the transverse ends 117 of the exciter electrode 110 experience highly non-uniform electric fields. In order to avoid non-uniform heating of the beads, the processing volume is confined to the uniform field region between the exciter electrode 110 and the ground electrodes 112 and 114. Such a uniform heating transverse section is achieved by spacing the treatment region 152 from the ends 117 by a distance at least one-half as great as the distance between the electrode plates 110 and 114. That is the distance between the inside faces of the insulators 114d and 114f and the respective ends 117 is equal to or greater than one-half the distance between the plates 110 and 114. The distance between the insulators 114d and 114f preferably is made equal to or greater than the distance between the plates 110 and 114.
Once the batch of wet ion exchange resin beads 150 is positioned within the treatment volume 152 it may have water drained therefrom through the pipe 68. Radio frequency power then is supplied from the power source 80 through the matching network 84 to the electrodes 110, 112 and 114 where the batch of resin beads 150 is heated to evolve gases from the resin beads 150 in order to produce a batch of dried ion exchange resin. In particular, steam and other gases are vented from the connection 15 to the heat exchanger 14, which removes a portion of the heat from the gases. The cooled gases, which include water droplets and other condensate, are fed to the demister 18 which traps the liquid fractions. Most of the water vapor is condensed within demister 18 and pumped as water through the charcoal filter 38 which removes contaminates therefrom. Volatile gases, such as organic compounds and any volatilized radioactive iodine, exit the demister 18 at the pipe 22 and are absorbed in the charcoal filter 24 before the remaining harmless waste gases, primarily nitrogen, are released through the stack connection 28. The electric resistance heaters 88 help to maintain an isothermal environment within the treatment volume 152 by heating the peripheral region 89 to prevent the evolved gases and vapors from condensing on the wall 13 and the beads 150.
As the batch of ion exchange resin beads 150 is heated along with mode mixing, the highest power supplied to the beads 150 is near the transition section 122 and the lowest power is near the transition section 124 because of power absorbed along the reactor 12; however, preferably the distance between the transition sections 122 and 124 is kept to less than one skin depth of the wet ion exchange resin beads 150 in order to insure that the decrease in power from the transition section 122 to the transition section 124 is less than 50%, because one skin depth is the distance in a medium at which the internal electric field strength is 1/e or about 1/2.718 of the electric field strength of the applied electric field. Preferably the reduction in field strength is substantially less than 50% in order to insure that the beads 150 are heated relatively uniformly. Alternatively, it is possible progressively to dry the resins along the axis from 122 to 124 so as to realize the 1/e criterion only after the resins have reached a temperature of 150� C. The is possible because the absorptivity or conductivity of the resins decreases radically as shown in FIG. 13 as the temperature rises from 110� C. to 150� C. This prevents substantial heating near the transition section 122 once temperatures near 140� C. to 150� C. are realized
In an alternate embodiment, the reactor 12 may be driven from both ends. The distance between the two ends of such a reactor may be a total of two skin depths of wet resin although the difference in power levels between the maximum power points and the point at which minimum occurs is such that the power difference between the points is less than 50%. In particular, it may be appreciated that because the electric field 119 is oriented substantially transversely with respect to the plates 110, 112 and 114, the beads 150 are substantially transversely uniformly heated. This allows the beads to be heated uniformly once the water is volatilized therefrom and the batch of dried ion exchange resin is left. This allows the batch of dried ion exchange resin beads 150 to be pyrolyzed into a batch of stabilized product which will not rehydrate. Similarly, the absorption criterion for dual excitation need not be applied until the resins have dried and reach 150� C.
In the case of resins commonly used, the pyrolysis temperature is preferably between 250� C. and 300� C. The preferred temperature range assures that the functional groups of the resins are destroyed, thereby destroying the hydrophilic property of the resin. If the stabilized product were graphitic it would not bind well with cement and would thus unsuitable for long term storage potted in cement. Further, transverse resin batch temperature uniformity is enhanced by the electric resistance guard heaters 88, which reduce the thermal gradient from the treatment volume 152 of the reactor 12 to the ambience in order to permit all portions of the batch of beads 150 in the treatment volume 152 to reach the desired minimum temperature before any exceeds 300� C., which would cause them to become graphitic. Once all the beads 150 have been completely pyrolyzed to the desired state forming stabilized product particles, the batch of stabilized product particles may be released from the outlet pipe 68.
The batch of stabilized product may then be mixed with a potting material such as cement and the resulting cement and stabilized product mixture allowed to set for storage. The cement provides a high integrity container. Because the stabilized product is not graphitic, it will bind well with the cement to provide a high integrity storage body for long term storage. Because the stabilized product is not hydrophilic it will not absorb the water from the hardened cement. Such unwanted absorption would lead to a loss of structural integrity in the storage body and the possible release of radioactive substances into the environment. Under some circumstances other potting materials may be used to fix and store the stabilized material such as asphalt or vinylesterstyrene may be chosen.
The instant invention provides a method and apparatus for treating ion exchange resins contaminated with radioactive waste by heating the ion exchange resins uniformly in the transversely isotropic electric field 119 which allows the resins to be dehydrated and to be subsequently pyrolyzed at a narrow range of temperatures, specifically 250� C. to 300� C. for the particular resins commonly used, thereby converting the batch of hydrophilic ion exchange resin beads to a batch of stable product which does not readily rehydrate. The reactor 12 has been specifically designed so that the electric field 119 within the treatment volume 152 is at a maximum without leading to unwanted arcing or breakdown which might cause inadvertent pyrolysis above 300� C. to take place. The system is totally enclosed, all of the effluents being fed through carbon bed filters, which prevent contamination of the environment.
In the specific embodiment described herein the volume 152 within the reactor 12 is selected to be from 0.2 to 0.8 cubic meters to allow convenient treatment of batch quantities of ion exchange resins of the type available from power plants. The reactor 12 has its dimensions optimized in order to pyrolyze the batch of ion exchange resin beads efficiently. The electric field strength was chosen to be one-tenth of the field strength which would lead to electrical breakdown. The depth of penetration of the time-varying electric field 119 is important in part because it changes as the ion exchange resin dries. In the region of frequencies of 10 MHz to 100 MHz the skin depths range from one to ten meters. At a frequency of 2.45 GHz the ion exchange resin skin depth is about five centimeters. At a frequency of 915 MHz the skin depth is about ten centimeters. Thus a batch type reactor is out of the question at 2.45 GHz due to the large reactor width and height needed to accommodate 0.2 to 0.8 cubic meters of ion exchange resin beads spread in a layer less than five centimeters thick, in order to obtain uniform heating of the beads. The lowest acceptable frequency thus should be used to obtain optimal electric field penetration into the wet ion exchange resin beads.
Often the resin drying takes place in three stages. The first stage involves vaporizing most of the water and should take about six hours. This requires fifteen kilowatts of power. The second stage, carried out at a temperature of 110� C. to 200� C., should take about five hours. It requires an average power of one kilowatt. In the third stage it takes about eight hours to heat the resin from 200� C. to 300� C. The applied electric field strength was limited to 1400 volts per meter, which is roughly one order of magnitude below the electric field strength at which breakdown effects occur. Breakdown should be avoided as it leads to localized non-uniform heating of the resin. Since the resin heating rates vary with the frequency of the applied electric field 119 as well as the electric field strength, a minimum selected electric field frequency, in this instance 40 MHz, to produce heating at the aforementioned rates for a given electric field strength is required.
The relative dielectric constant and the conductivity of the resin change as the frequency of the applied field changes, as is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The reactor 12, being fed with radio frequency energy from only one end, also may be sized so that the longitudinal dimension of the electrodes is considerably less than one skin depth, at 40 MHz, of wet ion exchange resin in order to provide relatively uniform longitudinal heating characteristics within the reactor 12. In addition the reactor must not have standing waves, other than in the longitudinal direction, in order to insure transversely isothermal heating of the resin. This constraint avoids having an end product which cannot be stored safely because it remains partly hydrophilic and/or because it is partly graphitic due to processing temperatures outside the preferred range during pyrolysis. The outer ground plates should be separated by a distance less than one-half the wavelength of the field at 40 MHz in order to avoid propagating energy in any mode other than the fundamental mode.
While there have been illustrated and described particular embodiments in the present invention, it will be appreciated that numerous changes and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
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|Oct 16, 1984
|Iit Research Institute
|Method and apparatus for mitigation of radio frequency electric field peaking in controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ
|Sep 29, 1982
|Dec 4, 1984
|Iit Research Institute
|Method for recovery of viscous hydrocarbons by electromagnetic heating in situ
|Oct 22, 1982
|Dec 4, 1984
|Iit Research Institute
|Recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil shale by electromagnetic heating in situ
|Nov 30, 1982
|Feb 12, 1985
|Iit Research Institute
|Apparatus and method for in situ controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations with a controlled parameter line
|Apr 29, 1983
|Jun 25, 1985
|Iit Research Institute
|Single well stimulation for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from subsurface formations
|Apr 29, 1983
|Oct 8, 1985
|Iit Research Institute
|Conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations
|Oct 5, 1984
|Oct 28, 1986
|Cd High Technology, Inc.
|Microwave method and apparatus for heating loose paving materials
|Apr 25, 1984
|Feb 24, 1987
|Iit Research Institute
|Electro-osmotic production of hydrocarbons utilizing conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations
|Apr 5, 1985
|Jun 2, 1987
|Iit Research Institute
|In situ decontamination of spills and landfills by radio frequency heating
|Jul 31, 1985
|Dec 1, 1987
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method of processing radioactive waste
|Mar 30, 1987
|May 24, 1988
|Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation
|Combined microwave and thermal drying apparatus
|Jul 30, 1990
|Dec 31, 1991
|Shell Oil Company
|In situ decontamination of spills and landfills by focussed microwave/radio frequency heating and a closed-loop vapor flushing and vacuum recovery system
|Feb 6, 1980
|Sep 8, 1981
|Iit Research Institute
|Apparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations
|"Dielectric Heating", product brochure, PSC, Inc., publication date unknown.
|"Dielectric Heating: RF and Microwave", EPRI Center for Materials Fabrication, Tech Commentary, vol. 4, No. 1 (1987).
|Bridges, J.E., et al. "RF/Microwave Volume-Reduction and Stabilization Systems for Radwaste Resins," Waste Management 1986 Symposium on Radioactive Waste Management.
|Bridges, J.E., et al. RF/Microwave Volume Reduction and Stabilization Systems for Radwaste Resins, Waste Management 1986 Symposium on Radioactive Waste Management.
|Dielectric Heating , product brochure, PSC, Inc., publication date unknown.
|Dielectric Heating: RF and Microwave , EPRI Center for Materials Fabrication, Tech Commentary, vol. 4, No. 1 (1987).
|Lindroth, D., "Microwave Drying of Fine Coal", Technology News, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, No. 282 (Aug. 1987).
|Lindroth, D., Microwave Drying of Fine Coal , Technology News, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, No. 282 (Aug. 1987).
|Serota, R., "Heating with Radio Waves", Automation (Sep. 1973).
|Serota, R., Heating with Radio Waves , Automation (Sep. 1973).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 18, 1998
|Aug 31, 1999
|Westinghouse Savannah River Company
|Method for digesting spent ion exchange resins and recovering actinides therefrom using microwave radiation
|Dec 11, 2000
|Mar 18, 2003
|Westinghouse Savannah River Company, L.L.C.
|Microwave off-gas treatment apparatus and process
|Mar 9, 2011
|Sep 6, 2016
|Kurion, Inc.
|Isotope-specific separation and vitrification using ion-specific media
|Oct 5, 2005
|Jun 29, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Microwave annealing of membranes for use in fuel cell assemblies
|Mar 9, 2011
|Feb 25, 2015
|Kurion Inc
|Advanced microwave system for treating radioactive waste
|U.S. Classification
|588/19, 166/248
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 29, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 10, 2003
Owner name: ALION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORP., VIRGINIA
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text:
Avaliações de hóspedes
Avaliação geral
8.6 Excelente
Baseado em 102 avaliações
Avaliações recentes
- Todas as avaliações
- Positivas
- Neutras
- Negativas
4.5avaliação de
Good location but there are other hotels close by. The walls were incredibly thin. Staff was not helpful. Additional $18 to park on top of the room cost.
10.0avaliação de
The rooms were nice and clean and they had a shuttle to take you places for free instead of u driving That u had to pay$18 for parking


text:
Jungle Strike Credits (SNES)
Published by
Developed by
Also For
ESRB Rating
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings.
Jungle Strike Credits
|Game Design
|Electronic Arts
|Richard Stevenson, Andrew Chapman
|Additional Programming
|Ashley Bennett
|Adrian Carless, Pete Daniels, Paul Gregory, Michael Hirst
|Neil Biggin
|Neil Biggin
|Additional Help
|Mike Hart, Simon Short, Roger Taylor
|3D Models
|Electronic Arts
|Project Manager
|Anthony Casson
|Technical Director
|James North-Hearn
|Quality Control
|Lee Campbell, Sim Furniss, Mick Sheehan
Japanese Version Staff - Electronic Arts Victor Inc.
|Shinichiro Takagi
|Assistant Producer
|Yasuhiro Suzuki, Futoshi Maruyama
|Hidefumi Ohara
|Tohokushinsha Film Corp., Kenichi Igarashi
|Ichiro Watanabe
|Ichiro Watanabe
|Software Testing
|Nobuaki Horie
Other Games
In addition to this game, the following people are listed as working on other games. No more than 25 people are listed here, even if there are more than 25 people who have also worked on other games.
James North-Hearn, 58 other games
Lee Campbell, 42 other games
Neil Biggin, 35 other games
Paul Gregory, 32 other games
Anthony Casson, 30 other games
Mick Sheehan, 30 other games
Simon Short, 28 other games
Adrian Carless, 24 other games
Sim Furniss, 23 other games
Michael Hirst, 22 other games
Andrew Chapman, 20 other games
Richard Stevenson, 17 other games
Yasuhiro Suzuki, 17 other games
Mike Hart, 13 other games
Pete Daniels, 12 other games
Ashley Bennett, 11 other games
Kenichi Igarashi, 5 other games
Nobuaki Horie, 5 other games
Hidefumi Ohara, 4 other games
People who have worked on this game have also collaborated on the creation of the following games:
Zool, a group of 11 people
VR Soccer '96, a group of 10 people
UEFA Euro 96 England, a group of 8 people
Nigel Mansell's World Championship Racing, a group of 8 people
Fox Sports Golf '99, a group of 7 people
Slipstream 5000, a group of 7 people
Top Gear 3000, a group of 7 people
Normality, a group of 7 people
Zool 2, a group of 7 people
Shadow Fighter, a group of 6 people
Litil Divil, a group of 6 people
Top Gear 2, a group of 6 people
Actua Soccer 3, a group of 6 people
Realms of the Haunting, a group of 5 people
Slam Tennis, a group of 5 people
Newman/Haas IndyCar featuring Nigel Mansell, a group of 5 people
Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf, a group of 5 people
Realms of the Haunting (Limited Edition), a group of 5 people
Whiplash, a group of 5 people
Loaded, a group of 5 people
Premier Manager 3, a group of 5 people
Fragile Allegiance, a group of 4 people
Judge Dredd, a group of 4 people
UEFA Challenge, a group of 4 people
Actua Soccer: Club Edition, a group of 4 people
Credits for this game were contributed by fooziex (2901), 雷堂嬢太朗 -raido.jotaro- (58340) and formercontrib (159700)


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Jeff Dever <jsde...@sympatico.ca>
|Re: [HttpClient] Dependancy on JSSE
|Thu, 01 Aug 2002 16:25:02 GMT
Mike, I did not realize that this was a side effect of some recent secury proxy authentication patches. It used to be that ssl was required to compile but could run without it. A lot of us have been using jdk1.4 for our private builds lately, (which has ssl built in) so it was easy not to notice. I guess the question is: how important is it for httpclient to run in ann environment without ssl available? (I'm a Canadian which has quite a bit of freedom with encryption and am not aware of what the export issues may be with ssl). Mike Bowler wrote: > At one point HttpClient had a "soft" dependancy on JSSE - it would use > JSSE if it was there but would continue working if it wasn't. > > The latest builds now have a hard dependancy on JSSE - the code doesn't > run if you don't have JSSE in your classpath. > > I don't recall seeing this one being discussed here so I'm not sure if > this was intentional or not. > > Running HttpClient on a machine without JSSE will yield this: > > java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/net/SocketFactory > at > org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.startSession(HttpClient.java:190) > at > org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.startSession(HttpClient.java:250) > > -- > Mike Bowler > Principal, Gargoyle Software Inc. > Voice: (416) 822-0973 | Email : email@example.com > Fax : (416) 822-0975 | Website: http://www.GargoyleSoftware.com > > -- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com> > For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:email@example.com> -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com>
|View raw message


text:
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Daily Advertiser (Newspaper) - June 8, 1749, London, Middlesex t H U |L S b AT, JVfrt �; RRIV D. dM Difpttth Sloop, IwtW tW Wdttward : the Frances and Jaae. Muaes. from MitFordi and the James ctid Jobti. Murton, from Briftol. Sail'd. the Neptune, Pef-crxl, (tft Port Louts. Wind BaA-SoiHhCaft. Pari, yWcr i. The following 'Vchuoa thcn-i the real Caufe 0? AM Di^noe Md E��]:haunt of the Count day to repair thither, * a�4as faOB as Wcasae. be cnploj'd hinirelf in nothing " fe madh as to moore Madam de Pompadour from the � cmtttt Place whicb fbe yet held. He would thfalliU v * fcawe focccodcd. if the MarthioneTs, who is of as quick * .fans as the u chamisg m her Pcrfon. had not dif-� covered the laoigoes fliie was at �rft alarmed at it. and * as bcr'Ftariqr was pvaily wcakeacd by the Abfencc of * bse l>�$l(!e ds itk&a, jbt had bo better Expedient to * Paagtr Ibe wm in of boag dikarded. by th� Intrigues * oTtte CotAt de Mauiepas, who was returned to Court, * wJkich Ibe did by icuneduudy difpatchtog a Courier to . Oonewitb tUs fata! New*. f > Tlie indigutkia of die Duke de Richlieu was raffed 4iie Count de Maurcpas. upon Receipt of the aMefiTs Di^patdtea; ^sd ho ient back by the fame ^ Cb�b|tcr.a ictatr to the King, and another to flwcMar- * rtiaatfi. wherAy. amoibgil otb�r Tbin}^ be ihtiiSii^ �nlHK'dbitteBoiMM� would not permit hijn to oban- * daiiadbeJCltywbicbw�abcfi(�cdi but he advifed her. in * wplec wlbppOK hei&lf tin his Rettim to Court, to draw " AaGMirde^Mkorepas into ber Party, to fpeak;eve|i-to * the Stag fit �i* Favour, and to let that MiniJier know, * that fte woirU rapport him' in every I'biog^ and by all * l>irMw|t:gkwa> ca{MS�e^ofi-Biit ihd Duke added, in * im Lmir, that Ihc might leS adtucd. that upon his * llctm to Cooit. be would remedy every TIjing. The * MarcMoarfi feUowed to a Titde the Inllruaions given * iRT ia the Dahe's Letter, aad (he fucccoded fo well, that * IkedtoNr the Cottoslato ber Snare. The Duke de Rieh-�fi(a>ln9�miini'dto Court. Ud tux fail of creOing hit * tena aoiat dM; Miaiftrof the Marine, ia order to � Winwa bim� Ja which be perfeaiy well fucceeded.' Tcfcfdqr^ airiv'd a >Uil from P a a m c a. frnmAJ^-tmei^ Jtcn ij. The King returned the loth fan ftamboaillct �o ihfe Cafilc of VcHailles. Ycftcrday MMajcfty let oat with all the Court for Marli* wherabe wB^oinaetill ibe ajdL and will then come bac)c to 9*dmt�, fnm wbcacc be wiH go again to RambouiUet ��tb MeMamcsorFiaaoe. Tbe aSib bu Majefty wiU re-Un to Vcs&iliea. Tic X9dk ibe King will fct oat from ibuKc for CUtfy. where bo wiQ icmain fbmo Days, and w�3. aftetwaids go to Compcigna;. On the loth the Prince at UMtf took PWI^-fiOn or the Gra:d P.iory of France, aadiaibeEmmiir t*^cre were Pireworlcs and Jlluitiioations a that OccafiM ; ilb Sereae HighncTi gave � grand Ep-awiiiiipaw aojji the ^cers of the Order of Malta, the # vt ibc lod:a t-ompany are 1745 ^ Tickets of the it�|t�3fal Lo^iiy 586 i tbofe oftLc fecond. 560. > L�tun bmiB k^k^oa' oI d.c zj advifc, that the Galleys M^at Cl^ base t^ok between CorUca and Sardinia four of I tasL at �b*di tarried 35 Men. ^ *- ^ DO N ,^7*f�*lJ^*44*y. attended to Council, finally fct ^ 1^ ASmt of tU Genoefe Lofles in the late Wus. Cka&m. Uod to have c�8 i�ool. Chariot of curious WBrirmwiCiipi. aad two Sets of renarkablc find liorfcs. "Ha i>an^ Cape M�tthew Gildait, from l^ilbon. bnund ep jbc Speights, was lately ioAi hci Crew �at oiumwf by � DoKh Ship. AstbcLady oftbe laic Lord Olypbant proves not to be with ibrid. Ibe Tsilc dcv^vc� to David 0)yp�j�nt'o4 BacbduM. -> 6acafday the �r� of July is fixed for the Inflallaiion of In Qutx lac Duke oi NcwcalUc ChanceUot of the Uat' veSay of CMi^idgr. i Tbqr w�iae bom WeymooUi of the Cih inftant, thai (jft. LtSe, of i)^: Cholmoudlcy, had Uut to Cullopi-HmSb �f tiwt liacc the fcUawing Goods, which he had fciaal. ab. ght died atrbi* Houfe in Scotland Yard, Ik- Qreca. aa CAtocci acd wealthy Coal-MercUant. OaTacfiiay �vcai3g\lr. Kambcr. Mate of it. outward bostxi Slip bwg in tJte River pff^^bc Hermitage, by AccdcK feli into the Rivet aed wa^^^'^' ^ i^ya appolanA fi^ hotdiag t!>a Saainier Affixca, M f D L A H D t I R C U I T. Afr; 7i�/,rt Wright Mr. rajtkt F6rftcf. Horthamjiton, Tuefdajr July il, at Northampton. Rutland. Friday July 11, at Oakhatrt. Liocoto, Monday luljr 17, at the CaAlc of Lincoln. City of Lincoln, the fai^e DAy, at the City of Lincoln, NottJhghamlhire. Thurfday Jul* tt, at Nottingham. Town of Nottingham, Friday Jaly at, at Nottingham. Derby (hire, Saturday July �a, at J>erby. Leiceftcrlhire, Wedncfday Julv t6,atthcCa(lleof Uiceder. Borough of Leiceiler. Thuridav July nj, at the Borough-City of Coventryv Saturday July 29, at the City. Warwickfhire, the iame Day, at Warwick. NORTHERN CIRCUIT. Jltr. JiMft Abney rtni Mr. Jnflict Dcmfon. City of York, Monday July 10, at the Guildhall of the City. Yorklhire, the fame Day, ai the Caftte of York. Durham, Wcdnefday Julv 19, atthoCaftleof Durham. Newcaftle upon Tyhe, Monday July 14, at the Guildhall. Northumberland, the fameDay. at the Cattle of Newcaftle upon Tyne. v Cumberland, Satorda/July 29, at |ht Cltjr of Carlille. WcRmoreland, Thurfday Auguft ], at Applebv. Lancalhire, Tdefday Augull 8, at the Caille ot Lancafter. ^t^vteftlft ymt T\ity write from Barnard-Cattle, that OB Tuefdav laftaMobhadaflcmti^led there, armed with Axes, Ac. and puUM down the Tumoike-Gate apoa the Bridge, which they carried to the MarVet-Place and burnt, and aftenvardi went in TriQttpti, with two Mm (their Leaders) at their Head, to the Blaclr Bull Ia�of. the faid Town, bidding Defianca to all who durft oppbfe them. We hear that a Gate was going le bo creeled tp prevent People efctping the Toll by foraing tht Water, wakb oc-cafioned the above Difordar. We are well affured that tko DiAampffr aaamg the Horned Cattle at Cleadon is entirety cm*di Laft Monday was married, Gaorge Baker, of Slanotc* Hall aear Durham, BCq^ to Mifs Judith Routh. Ihngbter of Cnthbert Rooth^ of SaapeHalt near Rtckmond In Yorkftiire, Efq; a bcautifu( f oohg Lady, with a bandlbttie Fortune. EMnbursh Jam I. TheRer. Mr. Robert Pollock. P^-feCor of DWnlty In the Marithal College of Abefrdean, sad one of the Minifters there, is appoiAtr^ hit Majefty'a Almoner, in room of the Ute Rev. Mr. jt>hn Hepbnrit, deceased. The write from Aberdeen, that the Bxcife-Offcer, and the SoldiMr who fired the Gun that occafioncd the Death of John Law at Stonehaven, mentioned lait Week, are both committed to Prifon. * . Tomorrow Evientng, at Six o'Cl^d^a^ermon will $a preached at St. Stephen's, CoIcniiantbe.Leav� of fome Perfons of Honour of Dr. Oats's Brcod, call'' ifcfquc Figure* never perform'd before, call'd Whitfiui Holidays. The whole to conclude with the Triumphf of Pe.ice. Britannia, Mrs. Miles 1 Mars, Mb Mllfs 1 Peace. Mifj Granier j Viaory, Mr. Joe Grarikr j Fa&ie, Mailer Granier�. Time, Mr. Granier; Prudence, Madam Tartlcyi Pienry. Mrs. Kingj Julbcc, Mrs. Phillips i Trade. Mr Hendrlck. 1 At Sadler*sWell�, Iflington, this Evenirtg, Mr.Dominiaue] Mr. WillubQi, and Mr. Pedro, will perform leveral itvi Tricks in Tumbling. Variety of Dancfng by Mr. Harf'ey, Mr Vanderfluife. Mif* Bak^tr, Mfi. Hough, and othaysj Singing by Mr. Hemlkirk, Mrs. Smith, and Mifs Lowe. The whole to conclude with an Entenainmenl of Muftck, call'd Scipio Africanus. ' tnterfperfed with a Piece in Grotefque CharaAeri, call'd Harlequin Grand Volgi. Each " "fhe Way to Kerth's* Chspel is through Piccidilly, by the* End of St. Jamf�*� Street, and down Clarges-Sncct, and turn on the left Hand. I'he Marria�s (together with a L'cence on a Five-Shilling Stamp and Certificate) are carried on for aGMwt KjAc*.-*, V>r�r�. t-^.wk, SiMlb, Whttr^f. AMttm, H*ffc*. tviia, R�4ii��Mi. Oei, nrm^. ton, Aiv) Hanktak. Kete, T^ Maictly*$ Kavv. \\rifEREAS �^vr$ Pafin, i�ti hJSmt ^m�n had op Mm J l-t^ir^-Jtt tdkmI?m ilwCMkaar ^ tmdt^masrUiinrUimtk^A 11 ati ^tiidlfkmik mmud 0m4 fafid t� iW �lr >iwak >�ii� l% ^jfcjtuM JtirVtr tbttH im titt Ofet wHmlkt Ikfi ' as ottfTK-.-ifi rfe* iviSkk W fitS t*r^lt� tmrtf^^Sf' jfetanUt mrt t�b�HtdU urrf t%drftffiS BiS^ m i^^" tit frtafiirir eflbt AWr. tMittaif thit faft^ otiitN^'Ojfkrt M*f a^ sTi^ -/-^ By the Commtfltonets f(|t ViftuaBiag ^ Majefty'* Navy. WHEREJ^ Jk!tr, Pif&n Iwiev W &w �i^ mt- t^minHi. Ast. pretwa* tbtir iiing nturiuJ iit� the Exi&tfiLr ms* i'rsjiiimiiiii, m'- ttStir* ivi/t thty vsift it; ttstd fitc9 PitfiXt �t k^'Cf ^-^d thitr JSmmMt* ttrt txivrttd t� tarry thnr ftr^ Stl'i :>� tit(^i tg" $ht frtafunr ef the S'^ny, a/vl t^t of t^ir iv^i^ir. -jMei titt the h&uolUi^-O^.ai^ 3% K*^ X Oimnbirliim ^ Citf ff tarn/be -fpct A�!ir, thtit thiy intrnd ta kit hf fi^vwrd l^-tt^t J^Smuetvji La/e^/er ttufirff-et� fifirt, *t ei� Ofek� ^.fitM^r, y& Inar/taltJ Sit^mri Ki^, t^itk rEJ�ki'*�^4 md Jh^m^ MioKn th^etoJt-l3iit^J//g.JUMJitxd�ttoc^i!^$)^ MOW Ar ^ OtatfaH^e BfUn Dvf. �K*5(6igirj dmStie Warthimfit tKHmi^iJ^ th^/jid m^9t thi ^AQ,^�ti mtk ttirr, nvitkmt Jm^tiilr, lafsiafajin; m\ttijt�mj^Vk Umm J /tM the/MC^fm mtm^.sre'emtef,'^ e^-*! Jehn Knigit, ., * -.^.^ .d.: 1 yTht CtiJUAmJFaUMlme, ^kiirJ MhtJ^m/htw mtntiadM^Aam^^ememMTi , fir jftwrj*.;JW,, l^mnh^fir, AmIMEnOSmt^rndBmim^t � rr ^iJlimmh^^f,. to h^h'std.ity'MmX'^i eMim^f^rS^"^ tkraf* mt if Alda^jttfSmi^, euid $�Lm ie 'd^.^mt^ S/ahie kl0t� the iUeftimdm, tie IK^ ^ Sidtja murh or tw^ts ntm fWoic^ im 'irik'c.tSJIfeEa** A/
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text:
Blood Bat (The After Years)
21,459 pages onAdd New Page
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this wiki
Blood Bat is an enemy in Final Fantasy IV: The After Years. It is not a big threat, though it will constantly drain HP and inflict Sap with its Bloodfeast ability. A single Fira will defeat it.
See also: Blood Bat


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In her Personality Matters series, Leslie Sachs examines the personalities and people issues that are found in technology groups from cross-functional, high-performance teams to dysfunctional matrix organizations.
The year ahead likely will be filled with unprecedented challenges in terms of both technology and business demands. While technology and business needs are certainly complex, the people and personality issues may be even more challenging to deal with. This article will get you started with tackling some of these people-related challenges that you will likely encounter in the coming year.
The year ahead likely will be filled with unprecedented challenges in terms of both technology and business demands. Many corporations are struggling to meet the need for skilled human capital and many technology managers find themselves unequipped to handle the personality and people issues that arise when trying to manage a diverse group of people. Dysfunctional groups can cost the company a great deal in terms of lost productivity and defects, which negatively impact production systems. While technology and business needs are certainly complex, the people and personality issues may be even more challenging to deal with. This article will get you started with tackling some of these people-related challenges that you will likely encounter in the coming year.
Many technology professionals are focusing on the emerging practices in the field becoming known as DevOps. Development and operations professionals are often both highly skilled and capable resources, but the demands of software application development often attract people with a personality makeup that in many cases is very different than that of operations folks. Operations is focused on maintaining reliable and uninterrupted services while developers usually excel at learning new and challenging technology they utilize to build the next greatest mousetrap. I don't want to overgeneralize here, though, because you can certainly encounter gurus who straddle both functions. But what is clear is that employees in both development and operations need to improve their communication skills or DevOps won't be successful. In fact, all stakeholders need to be communicating, including QA, testing, and data security. Some groups struggle with effective communications and that is exactly where you may find that you can make a difference by helping the team to interact more effectively. Just as individuals each have their own unique personality, so too do groups often have exhibit distinct cultural norms.
If you have ever been a sports fan then you certainly know that high-performance teams often have their own culture, sometimes complete with an inner language that allows teammates to understand one another with a unique shorthand. This cohesiveness can be based upon a shared experience, such as being together on a minor league baseball team (go Cyclones!) trying to have a successful season, and sometimes the group exists for a more focused critical function like deploying a missile defense system as we recently saw with Israel's Iron Dome. (It is interesting to note that the very successful head of testing for this mission-critical project was a woman in her ninth-month of pregnancy. Keenly aware of the imminent danger to millions of civilians from incoming rockets, this professional coordinated an amazing team effort and managed to help roll out a life-saving missile defense system ahead of schedule.) While groups in a shared experience may develop a very distinct culture, many international firms also need to consider how the cultural norms of the parent organization impact employees from other backgrounds.
Americans, and New Yorkers in particular, are known for their aggressive competitive nature, which in many instances leads to excellence—as we see in New York City's Silicon Alley with its impressive list of very successful internet startups. This personality trait may seem foreign to technology workers from other countries where the norm is more focused on group and collaborative behavior. You may find yourself working in a culturally diverse team where everyone seems to come from a different, distant land. However, it is also common to join a team that has its own distinct personality. The first step is to understand the team's structure and behavior. Then you need to consider how you fit into the group and what adjustments you may need to make in order to fit in and work effectively with the others. One of the biggest challenges may be in handling conflict.