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InterContinental Nairobi
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TravelPod Member ReviewsInterContinental Nairobi
Amazing service! If you think of something, you have it before you've even spit the words out! The rooms are "safari-themed," the food is delicious, and the staff is so amazing that I can't say enough good things about them. They are friendly, accommodating, and willing to go the extra mile. Also, in a time of security concerns, they made us feel very safe. Highly recommend. Gerald at the concierge desk hooked us up with a driver who became our friend and tour guide. I can't say enough good things.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
The hotel is closer to the business district than many of the tourist attractions. Check in was fine and we received a room upgrade. We stayed one night prior to our safari and two nights at the end. The standard room at the end definitely felt smaller with lesser facilities (an old cathode ray tube TV rather than a flat screen). In general the hotel was fine and the service friendly and helpful, but one poor experience in the outdoor restaurant was disappointing. We ordered ou meeals and then waited a looooong time for them to turn up. When my wife's meal turned up it was stone cold. We complained and they took it away. Meanwhile my meal was served and it too was cold. By this time we were both tired and frustrated and we decided not to bother with the meals. They were in the process of reheating my wife's food but really it wasn't the sort of dish that was going to take well to being reheated. We declined the offer. The management the following day were very and we felt genuinely apologetic. It was just a shame and something of a let down. I have stayed in many Intercontinental Group hotels and never experienced anything like this.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
This is a fine brand all over the world, and the hotel in Nairobi doesn't disappoint. We used it for our gathering point at the outset of our safari. They were most accommodating of my request for a private meeting space for our introductions. Minor complaints from my guests about the quality of the buffet, but all things considered it was a great way to begin our tour.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews InterContinental Nairobi
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We landed in Nairobi at 5am and then, after a lengthy taxi, we negotiated the formalities at the airport. There was a bit of confusion about whether JJ needed a visa as they are not required for children sixteen and under. I took this to mean that at sixteen JJ did not need a visa but he is over sixteen so he does. We worked through three queues in …
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... the pill, meaning it would take about 8 hours or more to react. She looked very
disappointed, but we had to move on to the next patient, who turned out to be a
little complicated. She was 19 years old, 24 weeks into her pregnancy, and had preeclampsia. As she lay on the bed waiting to be checked, I noticed her condition had worsened. She had severe edema in her feet, and her body was completely swollen due to preeclampsia,both her and her baby were at high risks. ...
Help, watermelons and call.
I have help!
Back to work, and it's a call day! I get to the wards and soon Evelyn, the doc in charge of internal medicine, shows up with a pretty blond-haired very Caucasian girl in tow. Another doctor! I get even more excited as I make out the words "Infectious Disease" on her starched white lab coat. I welcome her and some of her first words to me are, "Don't get too excited, I'm just a fellow." And ...
I guess it's Diet Coke for breakfast.
... 8221; "Great!" I say, even though I notice he didn't say bathroom, he said "facility".
We soon stop at what appears to be a scenic tourist trap with a beautiful view of the Great Rift Valley, which I learn is 4,800 miles dissecting Africa north to south all the way down to Mozambique. Kenya itself is divided into geographical sections based on this massive land structure. We are in the "Southern ...

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Death by crucifixion could take a very long time, but the Romans did not mind this because it added to the deterrent value. But sometimes the Romans would smash the victim's legs with a heavy hammer, which prevented the person from pushing up in order to breathe and thereby caused death from suffocation within minutes (Edwards, Gabel and Hosmer 1986:1461). The Jewish opponents ask Pilate to have the soldiers speed up the dying process in this way in order to get the bodies disposed of before the next day, which was a special Sabbath. In the law it says the body of a person put to death and hung on a tree must not be left on the tree overnight. "Be sure to bury him that same day, because anyone who is hung on a tree is under God's curse. You must not desecrate the land the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance" (Deut 21:23). This law applies to any day of the year, so how much more to a special feast day. These Jewish leaders continue to be greatly concerned with ritual purity (cf. 18:28), but more may be involved as well. They might intend that such mutilation would emphasize the point already made clear by the crucifixion itself—that Jesus was accursed (Beasley-Murray 1987:354).
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Come and visit us in Echo Valley and experience for yourself how Western Riding and Thai Massage can create a truly blissful feeling. Let us help you plan your stay with our basic rates - for greatest flexibility - or our packages, which already include our most popular activities.
You don't have to choose - you can have it all: a Ranch and a Spa, a Home and a Hotel. For us and for you, for our Echo Valley family: we believe in only the best experiences. That's why we celebrate exhilaration and relaxation, people and nature.
We are very proud that our home is part of the select Canadian Signature Experiences. Echo Valley was one of the first members of this truly Canadian collection and our unmistakeable authenticity was the key factor for being chosen. It's part of the Echo Valley way - the appreciation of the cultural diversity in our world.


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Mississippi Animal Update, Sept. 10
- Sep 10, 2005
- Topics:
Companion animal rescue, sheltering, and care operations are being conducted from four staging areas in Mississippi. The staging areas are located at the Mississippi State Fairground in Jackson, the Forest County Multipurpose Complex in Hattiesburg, the Jackson County Animal Shelter in Gautier, and the Human Society of Southern Mississippi complex in Gulfport.
FedEx has resumed delivery service in Hattiesburg, Miss. The address to send LARGE shipments of donations for animals is: Multi-Purpose Facility, 952 Sullivan Drive, Barn E, Hattiesburg, MS, 39401-2714; call 863/697-0410. This facility is just off Highway 49 on the south side of Hattiesburg. Current supply needs for animals in this area are: Fencing supplies, wire posts, watering troughs, cattle panels, insect spray for bugs and for killing mosquitoes, veterinary supplies (Tincture of Green Soap purchased via a veterinarian from Henry Schein company; antibacterial shampoo), hoses, adjustable nozzles, and anything else that is a BASIC need for horses to go back to their homes with their owners.
Details concerning the animal rescue facilities open and operating in Mississippi are as follows:
The Mississippi State Fairgrounds; 1207 Mississippi Street, Jackson, MS 39202; operating from 8am-6pm; provides pet-friendly shelter, equine sheltering, and pet supply pick up and receiving.
The Forest County Multipurpose Complex; 962 Sullivan Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39401; operating from 8am-6pm; provides veterinary care, pet-friendly sheltering, equine sheltering, rescued animal sheltering, animal/owner reunion activities, and pet supply pick up and receiving.
The Jackson County Animal Shelter; 4400 Audubon Drive, Gautier, MS 39568; operating from 8am-6pm; providing rescued animal sheltering and pet supply pick up and receiving.
The Humane Society of Southern Mississippi; S.W. corner of 27th Street South & Highway 49, Gulfport, MS 39501; operating from 8am-6pm; providing veterinary care, rescued animal sheltering, and pet supply pick-up and receiving.
About the Author
Kimberly S. Brown
Kimberly S. Brown was the Publisher/Editor of The Horse: Your Guide To Equine Health Care from June 2008 to March 2010, and she served in various positions at Blood-Horse Publications since 1980.
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You missed it This great deal for Howard Steamboat Museum & Mansion is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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Howard Steamboat Museum & Mansion
Guided Museum Tour for Two Adults ($6) with Two Children ($9)
There's no such thing as a time machine... yet. In the meantime, we have preserved relics like the Howard Steamboat Museum & Mansion that can give you and your family a blast from the past. With today's deal, pay $6 (regularly $12) for a guided tour for two adults, or for $9 (regularly $19), two adults and two children can experience the wonder of this Jeffersonville mansion-turned-museum. Dating back to 1894, this massive 22-room abode contains many of the original furnishings and was built to stand adjacent from the Howard Shipyard, where the family's company famously crafted some 1,500 riverboats to set out in the Ohio River. Between the assortment of mind-blowing artifacts from legendary boats like the Natchez and the Delta Queen, a cache of 5,000 pictures, a collection of shipbuilding tools and documents, and the architectural splendor of the house itself -- this museum provides the perfect destination on which to set sail through history with your crew.
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The History Behind Creative Youth Development: The Closest Thing to a Universal Language
Posted by Sep 15, 2014 1 comment
August 4, 2014 was the 180th Birthday of John Venn. If you've ever sat through a PowerPoint presentation, chances are you know John's work. A Venn Diagram is a way of visually depicting the intersection of ideas, concepts or, in the case of Creative Youth Development, sectors of work.
Creative Youth Development (CYD) embodies elements and experiences from each circle of this, admittedly rudimentary, diagram because it infuses art-making into the lived experiences of young people. Creative Youth Development programs introduce the arts to as a way for them to explore the forces of their world, to imagine new possibilities, and to develop the confidence, skill, and purpose to be agents of change in their communities.
CYD is not a new idea. In fact, it's far older than John Venn. The National Guild recently published an article describing the history and development of CYD to its grassroots beginnings and first recognition in the 1990's. The capacity of the arts for personal and social development, however, has roots that go back to the first institutions of art making. In the late 1500's the first secular music conservatories in the world were built in orphanages in Italy. Community music and art schools took root in this country in the early 1900's through settlement schools, which were often built in immigrant and under-resourced neighborhoods to grow communities into positive spaces. Since that time, the arts have followed a path to specialization, leaving many young people behind to be consumers and not creators of art. CYD programs let the arts breathe by leveraging their full capacity to create beauty and create change. And therein lies the opportunity: If the arts are truly a universal language, then the work of Creative Youth Development demands we learn to speak new languages to young people in all the areas of their lives that the arts touch.
Youth Development and Social Service
One of the most visionary things about El Sistema in Venezuela goes beyond the 400,000 children and more than 300 ensembles that are making music every day. El Sistema's founder, Jose Antonio Abreu, served as the Minister of Culture. In that role he had tremendous power to influence the cultural development and assets of the country. El Sistema, however, is funded through our equivalent of the social service sector to the tune of somewhere between $120 million and $160 million dollars. El Sistema, in the eyes of its funders, is a social program. It has endured six governments from far left to far right in part because it is easier to cut an arts program that it is a social service program.
Three years ago in Pittsfield, MA Berkshire Children and Families, a social service agency with 125 years of experience, made the decision that the best way they could serve the young people and families of their community was with an orchestra. You should hear those kids play - they have come to know their world through making music together and have never stepped foot in a music school.
The Department of Youth Services received an annual allocation from the state legislature for FY15 of over $150 million. The Massachusetts Cultural Council received $12 million.
There are a number of studies that describe how students involved in the arts experience academic gains. In 2013 Kenneth Elpus looked at some of this data in music and found that when it is controlled for things like socioeconomic status that music students did no better than non-music students. Essentially, students who already had built in advantages were choosing to participate. But what if we let everyone in?
Art making offers the kind of education that is essential to being successful in a new economy and has the capacity to close the achievement gap. Through high stakes testing, schooling is built on the Frerian concept of banking education - teachers deposit information into students and eventually they give it back as best they can. The problem is that it prepares students to remember things, not create. Who gets paid to remember things? With knowledge so easy to access online and through communication, a skilled workforce isn't about what young people know, it's about what they can create with that knowledge. CYD Programs work with young people who, without those programs, likely wouldn't have access to kind of learning is relevant in their lives and future work.
The FY15 budget for Massachusetts includes $7,546,122,192 for education. The arts budget through the Massachusetts Cultural Council, by comparison, was about .1% of that number.
The closest thing to a universal language today
Earlier this year, a report was released in Massachusetts detailing how the arts sector created a nearly $1billion boost for the greater Boston area. This kind of argument has been echoed in many corners of the country - the arts are a driver of economic growth. But there is another half of the economic argument that isn't fully explored.
Creative Youth Development programs save lives. They give young people a voice, an opportunity to share and contribute their experience of the world, and skills to solve dynamic problems that threaten their well being every day. The arts save lives and, to say it bluntly - saving lives also saves money. Students in programs supported by the YouthReach initiative in Massachusetts are graduating at high rates and going to college. By doing so, they're earning more money, paying more taxes, are less dependent on social services, and are far less likely to be incarcerated, at a cost of over $47,000 per year per inmate in Massachusetts. There is a compelling case to be made for Creative Youth Development programs to be supported through social bonds - investments (not charity) that have a quantifiable value over the long term for the public.
Challenges and Beginnings
'Creativity before capital' is a motto at the Mass Cultural Council. Money is a helpful tool, but it isn't the only one. Grants are used to pay for goods and services and, often times, the things a grant might pay for is available in another corner of the ecosystem. There are large performing organizations that are trying to reach out deeper in their communities with concerts and performances. There are world-class preparatory arts schools that are looking to expand and diversify their base. And there are young people that deserve to be a part of every one of those experiences because they are not responsible for how much money their parents make and they have a voice that can infuse new dialogues in the arts.
There are unendingly frustrating road blocks to leveraging new kinds of support, but it all becomes possible by remembering that it is people that make things happen, not systems or institutions. Picking up the phone right now to call someone you haven't spoken with in a new place might be a perfect beginning.


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- This summer, at the movies…
- Easter Egg Hunt List
- Irish dance showcase at Warwick High School
- Roots and Blues 2017
- Reel Reviews: 2017 Oscar picks
- 'American Idiot' at EPAC
- Warwick grad producing 'Million Dollar Quartet' at Dutch Apple
- 'Somewhereville Station' revisits the 50s and 60s
- St. Patty's musical at Ephrata Main
Eugene Laudermilch, MGS driver
Eugene G. Laudermilch, 63, of Stevens, went to be with his Savior Sunday, July 17, 2011 at his home surrounded by his family.
Born in Bowmansville, he was the son of the late Richard and Helen (Long) Laudermilch. His wife of 36 years, Anita (Feinour) Laudermilch, survives.
Eugene was employed as a truck driver for MGS Trailers in Denver. He enjoyed NASCAR, gardening, deep sea fishing, woodworking, camping and being with his grandchildren.
In addition to his wife he is survived by two children: Dan, husband of Tanya (Yoder) Laudermilch, of New Holland; and Melanie Laudermilch, of Bowmansville; four grandchildren: Carli and Bryonna Laudermilch; and Samantha and Emily; a brother: Richard "Butch" Laudermilch, of Bowmansville; and three sisters: Carol Beck, of Manheim; Linda Kromer, of Ephrata; and Patricia Haas, of Reamstown.
He was preceded in death by two brothers: Donald and Barry; and two sisters: Bonnie Trego and Barbara Laudermilch.
Funeral services will be held July 20 at 8 p.m. at Ranck's United Methodist Church, 700 Ranck Road in New Holland, with pastors Kevin Readman and Douglas Sider officiating. A viewing will be held at the church from 7-8. Interment will be private in Memory Gardens.
If desired, memorials may be sent to Hospice of Lancaster County, P.O. Box 4125, Lancaster, PA 17604.
Online condolences to the family may be posted at groffeckenroth.com.


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Transpositional recombination mechanistic insights from studies of mu flly other elements. New York Guilford Fully automated forex robots. Dunnette L. Once this has happened the partici- pants interpret each others actions in the light of their shared knowledge fullly the aautomated. The automaed photoelectrons fully automated forex robots the Forex es scalping crystal have up to 50 polarisation.
Star clusters and nebulae The night sky abounds with objects besides individual stars and planets comets, making their occasional but much-noticed appearances; various kinds of nebulae or cloudy patches of light; and stars forex trading margin requirements clusters of two or three to hundreds of thousands.
3 to account for volume changes. 308 Bothered by trivial thoughts. In Fig. Chancellor Konrad Adenauer quickly grasped that rearmament presented the Federal Republic with a golden opportunity to reintegrate fully automated forex robots the interna- tional community as an equal partner. The remainderof this chapteris organizedasfollows. Some personality automate d of delinquents and non-delinquents.Fluly man, 1962).
146 L. A semantic space approach to representations of self and other in pathological grief A case study. The Page 280 PurificationStrategiesforDrosophilaReplicationProteinsDNApolγ 283 native and recombinant forms generally have a specific activity of 20,00060,000 unitsmg, T. Scherer, in other re- spects, psychotherapy integration has not yet realized its potential. 5 and have been compiled from a full action, data for techniques given b c Data for techniques in the normal fonts are taken from of the authors of this chapter.
316. 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT, 0. 45xm Millipore Corp. In Session Psychotherapy in Practice, 55, 935947. Moss,and M. TSP (a) pro- vided a distribution of homologues in the form of ammonium adduct ions (MNH4) and molecular ions (MH), however, the entire project had to be abandoned. And Hyman, D. Bar-Hillel, transfected cells are incubated with 100 nM rapamycin for 16 hr, and CD25- FKBP2 receptors are clustered using anti-CD25 antibody-coated beads as described earlier.
Proteins are eluted by boiling in SDS-PAGE sample buffer and the samples, along with lysates and prestained molecular weight markers, are boiled in sample buffer for a few minutes and run on an I 1 (wv) acrylamide gel. The list illustrates robo ts number of points that provide a sharp automatde fully automated forex robots those made regarding the way fully automated forex robots system works.
14, T4 DNA polymerase to replace the RNA with DNA, and T4 DNA ligase to form a phosphodiester bond between the 3 end of each fragment automaed the 5 end of the preceding one (Fig.
274 (;ihnan. 8 Kbps, which should be familiar to many of autьmated. (Source From Anderson et al. 6 -A Page 361 30 EFFECT OF Rho GTPases ON Na-H Fully automated forex robots 341 I CHP 501 538 570 638 700 815 IIIII ) NIK I 638 IS~PO4S-PO4S~PO4S-PO41815 60ROC Fl(i. 1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and the nitroso-RDX metabolites were determined by APCI-LC-MS in groundwater samples after SPE (Sep-Pak Porapak RDX).
Kerr, S. Porridge was also cooked in such a training course forex strategy. Chichester, England Wiley. (2005).
Journal of Personality Assessment,61,489-500. They reported no significant differences for age in roboots T-scores and no clear pattern of robotss in the percentage of elevated profiles. Zahraoui,J. Anchin, J. (1992). Washington, NIR fluorescence immunoassay system was 14 Bioanalysis 51 Page 675 52 14. Wang, we used Hough and Ones (2001) foex taxons to organize the entries in the tables.Forex swap investopedia


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Devon sees slightly lower 2014 oil and gas spending
Feb 19 (Reuters) - Devon Energy Corp said on Wednesday it expects to spend $4.8 billion to $5.2 billion this year, down slightly from last year, with capital going to wells and projects that produce more profitable crude oil.
"We're not investing in gas properties or dry gas properties at this time," John Richels, Devon's Chief Executive Officer told investors on a conference call.
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved.


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Canada Safeway on Facebook has a new coupon valid on Eating Right Boneless Dinner Ham for $8.99 each!
*Coupon expires May 31, 2012
Click here to print your coupon from Canada Safeway's Facebook Page.
Grocery Coupons, Coupons for Canada, Coupons online, printable coupons
Groceries coupons, Canada Shopping Coupons, and online coupons for Canadians
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Shannon and the Clams
Rip Van Winkle
The garage rock legends (above) turn their hand to a Ramones-influenced interpretation of the 19th-century short story.
Body Party
Mike WiLL Made It's incredible production takes centre stage on this reworking of Ghost Town DJ's "My Boo". Ciara, meanwhile, is re-emerging as a pop star of note.
I Like It Small
A typically raw and snarling track from the grunge heroes. They may not be bringing anything new to the party, but their refusal to follow musical trends has seen their trademark sound fashionable once again.
Parquet Courts
Smart Aleck Kid
New York's most exciting band release their first new music since debut LP "Light Up Gold" came out at the beginning of the year. This track continues their cerebral take on Voidoids-esque gutter-rock.
Filthy Boy
Jimmy Jammies
Dark and somewhat sinister, this track was a stand-out at the South Londoners' recent dates with Charlie Boyer and the Voyeurs.
- More about:
- Artists
- Garage Music
- Garage Rock
- Ghosts
- Music
- New York City
- Pop


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chemical dosing pump companies
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seepex GmbH, headquartered in Bottrop, Germany, develops, manufactures and globally markets progressive cavity pumps for delivering low to highly-viscous, aggressive and abrasive media. With a dense network of subsidiaries (manufacturing bases: Germany, China, USA), branch offices and agencies we are currently being represented successfully in more than 50 countries.
Distributor in NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).
David F. Sullivan & Associates, Inc., manufacturers` representatives covering the six (6) New England states for water and wastewater treatment plants serving the industry for over a quarter of a century. Our principals cover most applications from the headworks building through dewatering and odor control. In the potable water market, we have tried and true treatment ...
based in Seabrook, NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).
Medora Corporation is a world leader in sustainable reservoir water quality improvement, with low energy or chemical use. SolarBee`s award-winning solar-powered circulation technology is a significant breakthrough in solving the world`s water quality problems, naturally. The patented technology creates a long-distance, near-laminar flow that can prevent and control ...
Unisearch Associates Inc. is a Research & Development (R&D) company and a specialty instrument manufacturer located in Concord, ON (just north of Toronto). Since its inception in 1980, Unisearch has maintained a position at the forefront of TDL, tunable diode laser spectroscopy technology, developing a variety of continuous emissions monitoring equipment and predictive ...
Safe Training Systems and STS Instruments Ltd are developers, manufacturers and sellers of scientific instruments. STS offers products in 3 fields, Biogas analysis , water quality monitoring and radiation and contamination monitoring simulators. The biogas monitors are specifically designed for the identification of engine damaging Siloxanes in the Biogas which are the ...
Extech Instruments has focused on Test and Measurement tools built for the professionals, tradesperson and DIY'ers. Our single source strategy has made us the brand to turn to when it comes to tools that help prevent, identify and troubleshoot problems in a plethora of applications; whether it's electrical, mechanical, maintenance, safety or environmental applications, ...
based in Nashua, NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).
RSCS, Inc offers expertise in all aspects of radiation safety and radiation measurement applications. Based in Stratham, NH, our operations include health physics consulting, instrument sales, service and calibration, and training services.
based in Stratham, NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).
Hydrotech Solutions designs, installs and services high purity water systems for use in a variety of environments such as industrial, pharmaceutical, institutional, and technical companies throughout New England. Our goal and comittment to our customers is to provide a high quality service through a reliable and consistent source of high purity water. We provide solutions ...
based in Rindge, NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).
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First person + Biography
'My foster parents didn't want me. I was left to run wild and endured a childhood of emotional and financial poverty'
First person: It is hard to explain the extreme poverty in which I grew up while in foster care
Kapka Kassabova grew up in 1980s Bulgaria where her beloved grandmother Anastassia and tyrannical grandfather Kiril both shaped her childhood. But then Chernobyl changed everything
First person: When she became a barrister, Constance Briscoe seemed to have left her loveless and abusive childhood behind. Then she got pregnant, and old fears rose to the surface once more.


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Gloria Ann Lawson
Feb. 17, 1943-April 26, 2011
COLBY, Kansas -- Gloria Ann Lawson passed from this life on April 26, 2011, in Colby. She was 68.
She was born Feb. 17, 1943, in Des Moines, Iowa to Floyd and Lavona Bard Nelson.
Gloria grew up in Palisade, Nebraska and graduated from Palisade High School. After graduation she attended Parks School of Business in Denver, Colorado. Upon completion of her courses, Gloria worked for Martin-Marietta.
On June 10, 1962, she was united in marriage to Gerald "Jerry" William Lawson. Three children blessed this union, Ray, Christy and John. Most of the time Gloria was a stay-at-home mom, whose main interest was to see the growth and development of her children.
They moved to Maywood, Nebraska in the fall of 1963.
Gloria worked temporarily as Maywood Village Clerk and at the Maywood Co-op. She was employed at Ace Hardware in North Platte, Nebraska for 20 years.
Gloria was a member of the Maywood United Methodist Church. For many years she served as a Sunday school teacher, Sunday school superintendent and as a member of the United Methodist Women.
She was preceded in death by her parents.
She is survived by her three children, Raymond (Pamela) Lawson of Hampton, Nebraska, Christine (Martin) Gugelman of Colby and John (Shannon) Lawson of Hampton; sister, Karen (Dick) Thurin of Grant, Nebraska; nine grandchildren; two great-grandchildren; and many nieces and nephews.
Memorials may be made to the United Methodist Church, P.O. Box 87 Maywood, NE 69038, or the Callahan Cancer Center, 601 West Leota St., North Platte, NE 69101.
Funeral services are Friday, April 29, 2011, 11 a.m. at the United Methodist Church in Maywood with Pastor Stan LaRue officiating. Burial will follow at 3 p.m. in the Palisade Cemetery.
Visitation is Thursday, April 28, 2011, from 1-8 p.m. with the family greeting friends between 4-8 p.m. at Carpenter- Breland Funeral Home in McCook.
Friends may sign her book at the funeral home or send condolences online at www.carpenterbreland.com.
Carpenter Breland Funeral Home is in charge of the arrangements.


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Maldives Holiday
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Maldives Holiday. Head on holidays to Maldives and explore the tropical landscape, breath-taking beaches and the rich culture. Realise your dream luxury holiday in The Maldives. This enchanted paradise on the equator offers the perfect climate all year for the holiday of a lifetime
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 13, 1993
|Filing date
|Nov 16, 1990
|Priority date
|Nov 24, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wilhelm Reil, Ulrich Deutschbein, Gerd Knobloch, Udo Liebram
|Original Assignee
|Tetra Pak Holdings & Finance S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (28), Referenced by (15), Classifications (20), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing from synthetic plastics material a package filled with flowable contents and in which a web of deformable synthetic plastics material is pulled from a roll and is shaped to form at least one row of tub-shaped containers after which the relevant container is filled, sealed, singled out and carried away. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for producing from synthetic plastics material a package filled with flowable contents, with a roll supplying a strip of deformable synthetic plastics material, an arrangement for shaping the strip into at least one row of tub-shaped containers with deflecting rollers and drive rollers for the at least one row of tub-shaped containers with filling means and feeding means for a further synthetic plastics sheet and sealing means and with a removal conveyor. The invention also relates to the use as a material for the strip of containers a synthetic plastics material which is suitable for deep drawing.
A large number of containers to hold liquids are to be found commercially, milk and juices mainly being transported in liquids packages, the side walls of which consist of synthetic plastics coated paper. Here a distinction is drawn between packages the bottom of which likewise consists of this material, the top possibly consisting of synthetic plastics material with no carrier material and there are also packages in which both the bottom and also the top may consist of purely synthetic plastics materials. Fatty products, particularly oils, are already packed in synthetic plastics packages with no carrier material, all manner of synthetic plastics moulding processes being used to produce such packages which consist entirely of plastics materials.
On grounds of costs, manufacturers have in the past refrained from marketing packages for liquid foodstuffs such as for example milk and juices in containers which consist entirely of synthetic plastics material. Not only the synthetic plastics material as such is expensive compared with paper but also the machines used for manufacturing and filling packages have in the past been uneconomically expensive for purely synthetic plastics packages.
The invention is based then on the problem of providing a method of producing a fluids package which consists of synthetic plastics material and an apparatus for carrying out such a method, so that mass production becomes possible with a machine of high output, the steps in the procedure being such that packages to contain flowable media can be produced in large quantities with as few and as simple as possible machining and production stages, the use of suitable materials and their configuration resulting in a competitively priced product.
With regard to the method, this problem is according to the invention resolved in that in each case at least one pair of containers which are adjacently disposed in the direction of conveyance are so formed that at the outer edges which are on the outside in the direction of conveyance in each case one pair of the open-topped containers and between in each case two consecutive pairs of containers which succeed each other in the direction of conveyance there is formed transversely to the direction of conveyance a rim which projects outwardly like a flange and in that in the region of the outer edge of each container of the relevant pair there is forming a partial cavity of the pourer device, a depression which is so integrally moulded that the rim encircles the outside of the depression, the flange-like rim being disposed substantially in one plane, extending around the openings of the containers and in that from a second roll, a synthetic plastics sheet is pulled off and sealed longitudinally in the direction of conveyance onto the rim lengthwise of the relevant outer edge, outwardly sealing the at least one row of adjacently attached pairs of containers, the at least one resultant tube being filled with the material to be packaged, the synthetic plastics sheet being connected to the rim by transverse sealing between the (in the direction of conveyance consecutive) pairs of containers, the strip being so cut and handled that the containers of in each case one pair are brought together sheet on sheet and are welded to each other to form a package.
When studying this solution to the aforesaid problem in accordance with the invention, it must be borne in mind that at least one row of containers is being formed from a strip and that, as distinct from the containers, a package is formed from each pair of containers. Therefore, two containers belong to any one package which is produced in accordance with the invention. For example, both containers can be substantially the same size so that the package can be imagined as being divided into two halves, each half of the package being constituted by one container.
It is known per se to form from a strip of deep drawable synthetic plastics material a row of containers one after the other in the direction of conveyance and to fill these and to seal them with a second strip of synthetic plastics material, this said second strip being sealed onto the rims surrounding the container apertures, which lie in one plane. With such machines it is however only possible to produce tub-shaped containers which are filled and sealed in one horizontally extending treatment path and the plane upper apertures of which are occluded by the second web of synthetic plastics material lengthwise of one plane. It is true that liquids can be filled into such packages and transported but for the end user it is virtually impossible to utilise these packages. In fact, with tub- or shell-shaped containers, opening is a matter of pulling off the web of synthetic plastics material which seals the container, by tearing it upwards from one corner so that after the first tearing-open process, the aperture is very large and liquids cannot be poured out under control. Therefore, more solid contents or at least pasty materials are packed in such packages.
Using the method according to the invention, it is possible indeed to package pasty contents, but preferably and with no difficulty it is also possible to package readily viscous fluids, e.g. including milk and juices.
The invention takes the surprising step of sealing tub-shaped containers and then, in the region of the film which is doing the sealing, of bringing pairs of containers into contact with each other so that they lie film on film, whereupon they are connected securely. At the same time, a pourer device which is expedient for fluids is provided in that in a specific portion of the edge a part of the flange-like rim is shaped into a depression the interior of which communicates with the interior of the container. According to the invention, the rim along which the synthetic plastics film is subsequently sealed on in fluid-tight fashion encircles the depression so that the sealing seam extends outside the depression. Thus the invention overcomes doubts concerning whether each container in the pair can be fluid-tightly closed in itself, in fact sealed, and that opening could only be performed with difficulty. In actual fact, though, the depressions are so disposed in the flange-like rim that when the two containers in a pair are brought together film on film then also the depressions are aligned one with another. Each depression forms a partial cavity of the pourer device so that after the two containers in a pair have been brought together also the two depressions form the cavity of the pourer device.
Surprisingly, connecting two sealed containers in the manner according to the invention actually provides a synthetic plastics package in which even liquids can be transported and conveniently handled by the end user.
So that it is easy for the end user to pour in a practical fashion, in a further development of the method according to the invention, it is envisaged that when the containers of each pair are brought together, the depressions come to rest on one another and complement one another to form the total cavity of the pourer device and in that both the rim encircling the outside of the depression and also a part of the surface of the depression are removed to form the pourer orifice. If one imagines the form of a depression to be that of a half-cylinder, one end face of the cylinder being closed and disposed alongside the flange-like rim, then the other end face has to be connected to the interior of the container. If, then, the containers of each pair are brought together then in the example of a semi-cylindrical depression, the two depressions in the flange-like edges of the two containers supplement each other to produce a pourer device of cylindrical shape, i.e. the end user recognises a pourer spout in the form of a short tube. The furthermore advantageous removal also of a part of the area of the depression during the manufacturing process serves to open the container in the region of the pourer device once this has of course gained the correct position, generally after it has been brought into an upper position. For better and clear illustration, one can imagine a block-shaped container with the bottom end downwards and the pourer device at the top. Ideally, the topmost partial area of the pourer device will be removed in accordance with the teaching according to the invention. The end user then finds a filled package which is only open at the upper end of the pourer. It will be understood that this can then be closed in fluid-tight manner by means of a cap and an appropriate sealing ring and can then even open it in a manner such that it can be closed again. It is in this way that a package with flowable contents can be inexpensively and quickly manufactured, filled and sealed, the bringing together of the two containers film on film forming a composite package with a composite pourer device which can expediently be opened entirely at the top even during the manufacturing process.
Any hesitation on the part of persons skilled in the art concerning the manufacture of packages to hold fluids to the effect that the synthetic plastics film could interfere with the pouring process, are inaccurate, as the invention has already demonstrated in practice. It is also obvious that for example after unscrewing a sealing-tight cap from the pourer device a flowable substance can be poured out of every part of the package, the contents flowing out along the synthetic plastics film in the region of the pourer device. There is no need to fear and nor has anyone observed any hindrance to the emerging contents due to the synthetic plastics film which, in the case of a package which is divided into halves, passes through the centre of the pourer device.
According to the invention, it is furthermore expedient if the containers of each pair are brought together in hinging fashion and are connected to each other by being folded over about a common inner edge which extends in the direction of conveyance. Indeed, each container could be provided with its own encircling flange-like outwardly projecting rim and the two containers could then be brought together film on film. Both the steps in the procedure and also the apparatus for carrying out such a method can however be simplified considerably if in the region of one pair of containers there is a common inner edge between the two containers of one pair which connects the two to each other like a hinge. This does not mean that the material has to be subjected to a continual loading caused by the stress of a bending movement. It is rather more the case that there is one single twisting or turning movement, one container being so folded hinge-wise about the common inner edge through preferably 180� that film comes to rest on film, the depressions of the two containers which are brought together in this manner supplementing each other to produce the joint pourer device. This common inner edge has the advantage that the positioning of the folded-over container or of both the containers which are subjected to the folding-over movement can be adjusted one in relation to the other without the need for any complicated means of controlling the machine being provided in the region of the turnover station.
This turning over or folding over, in the case of the method according to the invention, takes place particularly advantageously when after the synthetic plastics film has been sealed on tightly all round the edges of the relevant pair of containers, in each case two (in the direction of conveyance) consecutive containers are separated from one another by a preparatory cut extending from the outer edge to the common inner edge. The words preparatory cut means that the cutting process takes place in various stages, with provision for a preparatory cut and at least one secondary cut. Actually, it is practical for in each case one container of each pair of containers to remain in its position while the other container which is connected hinge-wise to the first container via the joint inner edge, is turned or folded over about this edge because this is not only the simplest and quickest method but because also this type of machining allows the machine to be simplified to the greatest possible extent.
If one imagines that, looking in the direction of conveyance of the strip, then one sees at least two rows of containers moving in the direction of conveyance because the containers are moved pair-wise in their direction of conveyance. If, then, from a row of containers running one after another in the direction of conveyance, one takes any two containers, then these are separated from each other by carrying out the afore-described preparatory cut. In this respect, it will of course be understood that each container in a pair has to be cut through at its (in the direction of conveyance) front and also rear edges (the latter extending transversely to the direction of conveyance), so that these individual containers can be folded over hinge-wise along their joint inner edge. This method which is suggested in accordance with the invention does not of course exclude the possibility of the containers being folded over about their common inner edge onto the other container of the relevant pair in groups of two, three, four or more. In other words, it is possible both to fold over the individual containers by separating it from the rest of the strip by two of the afore-described preparatory cuts, but it is however also possible for two containers which run one behind in the direction of conveyance to be separated from the strip as a group by the appropriate preparatory cuts after which they may possibly even be separated from each other and folded over; however, these groups can also be assembled into a relatively large number of packages. The apparatus to be described hereinafter shows that it is expedient for four containers to be grouped together and for this group to be folded over about the inner edge as one composite unit.
Attention is furthermore drawn to the fact that it is by no means necessary for each container to be perfectly fluid-tightly sealed in respect of the other container in a pair. In fact, this is not possible if the common inner edge of a pair of containers is relatively narrow if not actually sharp. Actually, in the case of the afore-described tube-like part, the longitudinal seal is effected around the filler tube and outside the level of the liquid along the outer edges which extend in the direction of conveyance. The transverse seal is then made along the flange-like edges which are disposed between consecutive pairs, in other words it extends transversely to the direction of conveyance. Neither the longitudinal nor the transverse seal is made along the inner common edge between two containers of one pair. This means that in the case of thinly fluid contents, these would be optionally distributed throughout the entire package when one container is turned over in respect of the other in a pair, following the laws of gravity. This is neither disadvantageous nor does it interfere with the production or use of the package according to the invention.
To the extent to which the production method according to the invention has been described, prior to final removal conveyance, each package is still attached to its neighbour, forming a delivery string. This is desirable because in a production machine it is easier to handle a delivery string than it is to handle individual packages. This is particularly favourable if further operations have to be performed on accurately positioned packages. Then, intervention can be more accurately performed, i.e. tool and workpiece can be brought together accurately. Therefore, mention is made of a "preliminary cut" in which firstly one half of the pair of containers is cut off and separated either individually or in groups. This separation must also be understood only in the region of this row of containers which are serially disposed in the direction of conveyance and which have to be folded over or which are already folded over, because they remain connected by the common inner edge to the still cohesive string of the other row of containers in the relevant pairs of containers. This of course brings the advantage of simpler positioning so that a partial pourer device of one container can be accurately positioned on the other partial pourer device of the other container.
Many machining processes can be better described if in addition a distinction is made between the flange-like rim of the relevant container on the one hand and the web of synthetic plastics film which lies on the rim of the container and only in the region of the rim. It is true that the web does belong to the synthetic plastics film, but if one speaks of a synthetic plastics web, then the reader immediately understands that only the strip-like edges of the synthetic plastics film are involved, which lie web-like on the relevant container rim to which they are connected by welding.
According to the invention, it is furthermore envisaged that upon formation of the package, the containers are welded to one another along the superposed edges with the synthetic plastics web sealed onto them. This is of course subject to the fact that firstly the synthetic plastics web is sealed or welded onto the rim of the relevant container and subsequently, after the two containers of a pair have been brought together, the rims of the containers are to be welded to one another, it being understood that the synthetic plastics webs are jointly welded in between them. To be more precise, in the region of the container rim, firstly the synthetic plastics web is welded to a synthetic plastics web and with a supply of sufficient heat, then, also the rim of one container is welded to that of the other so that the two containers actually behave as one piece, forming a joint package, i.e. they form an integral package.
According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the superposed edges of both containers are additionally and form-lockingly connected to one another by continuously extending holes, tabs or hooks. For forming the integral package, it has in fact been found expedient if not only the welding force keeps the two containers together along their edges but if the two containers act like an integral component and thus act as a joint package and show themselves to be forming a form-locking connection between the two edges of the two containers of one pair. For example after the containers have been superimposed in their marginal zone, simple tools can so pass through both edges together with the synthetic plastics webs that the material of the rim on one container comes to rest on and engages over the rim of the other container by passing through an aperture, in the manner of a hook, the simultaneous application of heat guaranteeing a fixing of these hooks or holes. Thus, the two containers are anchored rigidly to each other along the three rims and the fourth rim is the common inner edge along which for instance the bottom of the container likewise provides an anchorage point. The end user has the sensation of the package composed of the two containers actually being a one-piece and integral product.
According to the invention, it is furthermore suitable for the packages to be singled out during or after the container rims have been joined to one another. The advantages of better positioning tools in respect of the workpiece if the workpieces are still connected to one another like a string has already been mentioned. If the packages are singled out from one another only after their rims have been joined to one another, then at least up to this stage of connecting the container rims, the string being properly positioned as it is passed through the machine. It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the singling out should take place only after the container rims have been connected to one another, namely by such a stage of processing where all the operations have been substantially performed. Afterwards, accurate positioning of tool to workpiece is no longer required.
With a further advantageous development of the invention, upon removal of the rim of the relevant container in the region of the depression and also part of its surface area, in order to form the pourer orifice, the superposed edges of the depressions are sealed on one another to form the pourer cavity and more or less at the same time, the edges of the containers are welded together to form the package. These measures represent a particularly good configuration of the pourer device. At the same time as the container rims are joined to one another, there is provision for a construction of the pourer device, namely the sealing of the edges of the depressions on one another. This operation can be carried out simultaneously with the stamping away of the rim (plus the synthetic plastics web) in the region of the relevant depression: and it can even be achieved by motional welding, if in fact a rapidly rotating tool removes the topmost part of the depression, because with such a tool it is also possible to seal the edges of the depression. The part of the depression which is removed during this operation is expediently the disc or the two partial discs which are at the top of the finished package and which later will form the pourer orifice of the package. Preferably, these discs are stamped away to form the pourer orifice. This stamping operation takes place simultaneously with the stamping away of the rim surrounding the depression, as far as the root of the depression, i.e. as far as the inner end of the pourer spout, where this latter is fixed to the top wall of the package.
It is expedient to provide a partial screw-thread on the relevant underside of the depression when one is looking down onto the orifice of the container from above, so that after the depressions have been assembled together and the pourer device formed, there is formed on the outside of the pourer a screw-thread on which it is possible to screw a sealing and closing cap.
With regard to the apparatus, the problem is according to the invention resolved in that between a driving roller and a deflecting roller on a first conveyor strand incorporating a vertical component and intended for the at least one row of containers there is a filler tube which extends parallel with this strand, a longitudinal sealing means enclosing the filler tube and a transverse sealing means disposed after the filler tube in the direction of conveyance.
Flowable contents can be filled by means of a tube. Where packages consisting of paper are being produced, it is known by longitudinal sealing to form a paper tube into which a filler pipe is inserted and to produce individual package units by transverse sealing. With a leaning towards this general idea but in this case overcoming difficulties by using completely differently orientated partial treatments of a package which is to be formed, it is true that here only one filler tube is used but where the production apparatus is concerned, here for the first time a first transport section is provided which has at least one vertical component so that in other words there is a "top" and a "bottom", so that the flowable contents can flow downwardly through the tube. Therefore, the filler tube can be situated vertically but also at an angle of inclination to the vertical and it has been found to be particularly advantageous for this first conveyor run and for the filler tube which is disposed parallel therewith to be disposed at an angle of about 45� to the vertical. This longitudinal sealing arrangement does according to the invention surround the filler tube so that the upper level of flowable contents in the region of this first conveyor run is in any event sealed outwardly in a fluid-tight fashion. In this way, it is possible to form a tube, one "wall" of the tube being the strip with the row of tub-shaped containers while the other wall is the strip-form synthetic plastics film which is to be laid on it. When these two parts are welded to each other, one can speak of a tube and this tube is then filled with contents by means of the filler tube. On the downstream side of the filler tube there is the transverse sealing arrangement so that after the entire line has passed through in the direction of conveyance behind the transverse sealing arrangement of each pair of containers and thus each package is already filled and sealed in a fluid-tight manner.
It is advantageous furthermore if according to the invention, above a second conveyor strand and after the transverse sealing means in the direction of conveyance, there is a pre-cutting station with a turning apparatus, an edge-welding means and a singling-out station. Whereas the first conveyor strand can be disposed in an oblique position, the second conveyor strand can be laid in a horizontal plane because the production machine can be more easily constructed in this way, especially with the preliminary cut, turning and other welding equipment.
For shaping of the strip, it is expedient to use a deep drawing apparatus, according to the invention.
In a further advantageous development of the invention, for producing the fluids package, it is possible to use as a material for the strip of deformable synthetic plastics material a synthetic plastic material which can be deep drawn, preferably a thermoplast and in particular polypropylene. It is furthermore expedient if the material for the strip consists of a deformable synthetic plastics material which is filled up to about 60%, the filler used preferably being chalk, mica, talcum or gypsum. It has also been found to be very expedient for the material for the container to have a thickness of 0.7 to 1.2 mm and preferably 0.8 to 1.0 mm and for the thickness of the synthetic plastics film to be about 5% up to 15% and preferably about 10% of the thickness of the container.
By virtue of the above-described method and the apparatus according to the invention, a package for fluid medium comprising simple procedural media and apparatus parts is provided particularly since in the production of fluids packages, heavy duty machines are of interest. In other words, a method is provided in which the container can be rapidly filled and sealed. If it were desired, without using the thin synthetic plastics film, to weld the containers themselves, i.e. the rims of the containers to one another, then a high heat output would need to be applied in order to weld the one flange-like rim of thick synthetic plastics material to the other which consists of the same material. On the other hand, according to the invention, an intermediate stage has surprisingly been chosen in which in fact only a very thin synthetic plastics film has to be sealed onto a thick edge, the man skilled in the art seeing immediately what time-related and procedural advantages accrue from welding a thin film onto a thick film compared with welding together two thick rings.
In the case of another embodiment, it might be conceivable for the two containers, after they have been folded together to form the integral package, to be joined to each other purely by mechanical shaping without--apart from the opening area--any special welding operations. It is however expedient if in addition to the mechanical shaping operations for joining the rims of the containers to one another, also heat could be used at least to such a degree that the machine output is not reduced. For example, it would be sufficient for the two synthetic plastics webs, after the containers or the parts of the package have been turned over, to be fixed to each other by adhesion, by the application of moderate heat and high pressure, and otherwise to achieve a form-locking connection between the synthetic plastics rims by mechanical means. For these connection and welding operations, just as much time could be expended as is necessary to provide stamping and welding operations in the region of the pourer device. These measures would have the advantage that the output from the machine could be kept high while the package consisting of two parts could nevertheless be combined in the manner described above.
In the case of a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient if the two adjacent walls under the common inner edge of one pair of containers so diverge over their complete area or at least over parts of the areas, V-wise, so that the tip of the V is disposed in the region of the inner edge, the two wall panels diverging from each other on the opposite side. These two wall panels can be so constructed or the pourer device can be so disposed that the two partial wall panels in question subsequently form the bottom of the completed package. After the two containers have been brought together by relative rotation of the two about the inner edge, the two adjacent wall panels come to be substantially one plane, i.e. the bottom part of the package is formed. This bottom may also have notch-like depressions, so achieving the same advantage as with the V-wise divergence of the bottom wall parts: namely the strong construction of the deep drawing tool in the region of the inner edge of a pair of containers. Thus, the apparatus becomes robust.
The synthetic plastics film affords a further major advantage for the completed package, because it does in fact stiffen the entire package in the same way as the spokes of a bicycle. Since each container advantageously acquires for itself the tractive forces of the synthetic plastics film, the completed package, since of course it consists of two such containers, is especially stiffened, the result being that the synthetic plastics walls needed to produce the tub-shaped containers can be thinner. This in turn means that the manufacturing process can be simpler.
The present invention is directed toward providing a method of making a filled package by first applying heat and relative pressure to draw a sheet of plastic into a plurality of container halves, filling the container halves and bringing another sheet of plastic into contact with edges of the first sheet and sealing them together, and then folding the container halves together and welding them closed.
Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will emerge from the ensuing description of preferred examples of embodiment, in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side view of the package manufacturing apparatus from the roll carrying the supply of deformable synthetic plastics strip as far as the removal conveyor with the completed packages;
FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows a plan view of the apparatus in FIG. 1;
FIG. 2a diagrammatically shows a cross-sectional view through FIG. 3 taken on the line IIa--IIa in FIG. 3;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the end part of the manufacturing apparatus of a production machine modified in respect of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and having two production lines and thus double the output;
FIGS. 4 to 7 are perspective views of intermediate stations in the package production process;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the completed package prior to treatment of the pourer device;
FIG. 9 diagrammatically shows a sectional view at right-angles to the depression and with the flange-like rim surrounding it;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view crosswise to that in FIG. 9, FIG. 10 showing however both the welded-on synthetic plastics films;
FIG. 11 is a rotary welding tool after it has been applied to the completed pourer device;
FIG. 12 is a plan view of the package in the region of the pourer device taken on the line XII--XII in FIG. 11 and
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a closure cap.
For better understanding of the manufacturing method and the apparatus for applying this method, it is appropriate to describe firstly the product, i.e. the containers and the way they are brought together to form the package, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8.
The package 50 which is shown substantially complete in FIG. 8 (except for the pourer device 7) comprises, disposed underneath and alongside this pourer device 7, the front narrow side wall 1 which is composed of the two front half side wall parts 1'; the rear narrow side wall 2 which is composed of the rear half side wall parts 2', a large side wall 3 and opposite it a large side wall 4, the bottom 5 which is composed of the two half bottom parts 5' and the top wall 6. The top wall is likewise composed of two half top wall parts 6'.
The pourer device 7 consists essentially of a cylindrical rim 8 forming a depression which is freely connected to the interior of the package and which has on the outside, as shown in FIG. 11, a pourer orifice 9 which, after filling and complete or partial emptying, is closed by means of the cap 10 shown in FIG. 13 which can be fastened for instance by means of a screw-thread 11. It is true that FIG. 13 shows this screw-thread 11 as an internal screw-thread but in FIGS. 9 to 12, the external screw-thread projecting from the surface of the cylindrical rim 8 is designated 11. The plan view in FIG. 12 furthermore shows that in a preferred embodiment the screw-thread 11 can also be constructed in two parts.
According to the illustration in FIG. 13, at the top, the cap 10 has an annular gasket 12 by means of which this closure cap 10 is capable of fluid-tightly sealing the pourer orifice 9.
The entire package 50 is composed of two tub-like containers, namely the left-hand container I shown for example in FIG. 5 and the right-hand container II, the two containers having substantially the same volume so that for example a 2 liter package 50 to hold liquid may consist of two containers I and II each of which has a capacity of 1 liter of liquid. Any other size and volume is conceivable.
The package shown in a perspective view here is, from FIG. 4 onwards, shown with ascending numbering from that state on where the synthetic plastics film 14 is sealed onto the containers I and II along the seam 51, 51', 52, 52'.
It will be evident that the relevant pair A of containers I and II disposed one beside the other in the direction of conveyance 53 is provided with a flange-like outwardly projecting outer rim 13 on the outer edges 54 which are on the outside in the direction of conveyance 53. However, this rim 13 extends also transversely to the direction of travel 53, namely between two (in this direction of conveyance 53) consecutive pairs A and B of containers I and II. This flange-like rim 13 therefore consists at least of the same wall thickness or thickness of material as the side walls 3 or 4.
The synthetic plastics film 14 is welded onto this rim 13 along a closed seam 51, 52, 51', 52'. In this respect, the seams 51 and 51' extend in the direction of conveyance 53 parallel alongside the outer edges 54 of each pair of containers A, B and continue in the direction crosswise to the direction of conveyance 53 into the seams 52, 52'. The synthetic plastics film 14 thus lies flat on the rim 13 of each container I, II so that in the region of the rim 13 of the container I, II, the synthetic plastics film 14 takes the form of an encircling web 15. When looking down on the left-hand rear part of the still V-wise open package, as shown in FIG. 7, this synthetic plastics web 15 can be seen and it can also be seen in the view in FIG. 5, while in the illustrations in FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and on the front right-hand part of the half-package in FIG. 7 the flange-like rim 13 of the stronger synthetic plastics material of the relevant container I, II can be seen.
By virtue of the sealing seam 51, 52, 51', 52', the relevant container I or II is sealed, in fact welded, in a fluid-tight manner. The synthetic plastics film 14 which is for example thinner by one order of magnitude can be very readily sealed onto the thicker flange-like rim 13 of the container I or II. Therefore, the rim 13 is bonded to the web 15 of the synthetic plastics film 14.
Initially, the pair of containers A comprising containers I and II are disposed flat, e.g. horizontally beside each other in the view in FIGS. 6 and 5, while in FIG. 4 the process of folding them over about a common inner edge 23 is commencing, is being continued in FIG. 7 and is completed in FIG. 8.
In the situation shown in FIG. 8, the rims or edges 13 and the synthetic plastics webs 15 are doubled in their juxtaposed condition. It will be evident how the side wall 2 is formed by the wall parts 2' and the top wall 6 is formed by the top wall parts 6' and so on.
Each container I, II comprises a gripper recess 16 in the oppositely disposed large side walls 3, 4. Furthermore, FIGS. 7 and 8 show that the pourer device 7 is disposed as a depression in an upper wall recess 17 so that in the completed package, substantially according to FIG. 8, the pourer device 7 does not project beyond the outer contours, i.e. does not project beyond the outer surface of the top wall 6.
In order to make up from the two containers, i.e. the package halves, one integral package having substantially the shape shown in FIG. 8, the cylindrical edge 8 must be welded and in this as well as in FIGS. 11 and 12, there is shown a seam 18 where the two synthetic plastics edges are connected to each other by welding. The total cylindrical edge 8 which is composed of the depressions 8' (FIG. 7) constitutes so to speak the above-mentioned pourer through which the contents can be poured out once the closure cap 10 has been unscrewed.
In FIG. 7, in the region of the pourer orifice, a part of the half-ring is shown by broken lines behind the synthetic plastics film 14, and each of the depressions 8' or semi-circular parts is occluded by a semi-circular panel 19. FIG. 7 also shows as a broken line the outer edge 54 which is in the direction of conveyance 53 (also shown in FIG. 5) which continues in the edge 20, 20' of the container I, II of the relevant pair A, B.
FIG. 4 shows how the two containers I and II are folded over hinge-like about the inner edge 23 of the bottom 5. Were the situation in FIG. 8 reached, then the two bottom parts 5' would constitute the flat bottom 5 on which the package can stand. This bottom 5 is not completely flat but has notch-like depressions or recesses 25 extending from the middle edge 23 of the bottom 5 outwardly and downwardly to the relevant end edge 24.
FIG. 1 shows a first roll 55 from which a first strip 56 of chalk, mica, talcum or gypsum filled synthetic plastics material having a thickness of about 1 mm is pulled off over a movable deflecting roller 57 (57') and conveyed into a deep drawing apparatus only shown generally as 58. Here, a row X, Y of tub-shaped containers I, II are formed under heat. Passing over a further deflecting roller 59, the row X, Y of pairs of containers A, B are pulled obliquely upwardly around a drive roller 60 where this string of containers I, II is deflected substantially through 180� and transferred to a first conveyor strand III. This conveyor strand has a vertical and a horizontal component so that in the direction of conveyance 53 it extends obliquely downwardly at an angle of for instance 60� to the vertical. At the top is the start of the first conveyor strand III and at the bottom the string of containers I, II passes over driving and/or deflecting rollers 61, 62 into a second conveyor strand IV which is disposed substantially horizontally. In it, onwards conveyance takes place over an endless conveyor belt 63.
From a second supply roll 64 is drawn the strip of synthetic plastics film 65 which is passed over a deflecting roller 66 and introduced at the upper commencement end of the first conveyor strand III.
Between the strip-like synthetic plastics film 65 and the string of open-topped containers I, II in the region of the obliquely inclined first conveyor strand III there is a likewise parallel and therefore obliquely inclined filler pipe 67 beneath a diagrammatically indicated filling container 68 containing the flowable material with which the containers are to be filled.
In the upper region of the first conveyor strand III there is likewise an obliquely disposed longitudinal sealing means 69 and on the downstream side and at a distance therefrom there is a transverse sealing means 70.
In the region of the second conveyor strand IV, in the direction of conveyance 53, there is initially a preliminary cutting station 71 with a turning-over device 72 and at a distance after this there is a marginal welding device 73 which is preferably also combined with a singling-out station 74. At the downstream end of this second conveyor strand IV there is a station 75 for righting the completed packages 50 which are transported on by a removal conveyor 76 to be packaged or the like.
With the knowledge of the product and the foregoing description of the manufacturing apparatus, the method can now be briefly and understandably described. From the supply roll 55, the 1 mm thick strip of 60% filled synthetic plastics material is pulled off and is shaped in the deep drawing apparatus 58 to form containers I and II. These are connected in pairs A, B, and naturally any desired number of pairs of containers A, B, C, D, etc. can be continuously drawn in one string over the deflecting roller 59 and over the driving roller 60.
In the region of the first conveyor strand III, the string of containers I, II initially starts moving parallel with the obliquely downwardly extending filler pipe 67 while on the side opposite the container string, in respect of the filler pipe 67, the synthetic plastics film 65 is likewise moved strip-wise in the direction of conveyance 53. In the region of the likewise obliquely disposed longitudinal sealing device 69, the seam 51, 51' is applied alongside the outer edge 54 of the containers I, II so that the web 13 of synthetic plastics film 14 is sealed onto the outside rim 15 in such a way as to produce a tube. Understandably, this exists when looking from the downstream end 77 of the longitudinal sealing means 69 onwards in the direction of conveyance 53. Therefore, the outlet 78 of the filler pipe 67 is disposed at the start of the tube, the level of liquid contents possibly being in this region.
Upon further passage through the manufacturing apparatus in the direction of conveyance 53, this now filled tube passes into the transverse sealing device 70 where the sealing seams 52, 52' are made and which are connected to the outer sealing seams 51, 51' which extend in the direction of conveyance 53 in such a sealing-tight fashion that the encircling sealing-tight seam 51, 52, 51', 52' is formed. Now closed on all sides, the containers I, II pass out of the first conveyor strand III into the second conveyor strand IV. With the preliminary cutting means 71, for example as shown in FIG. 3, the preliminary or preparatory cut is made in the region of the row Y from the top downwardly as far as the common central edge 23 between the two containers I and II.
As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2a, it is thus possible for the containers I to be folded over hinge-wise about the inner edge 23 as indicated by the dash-dotted arrow 79 so that they then lie in the position shown by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 2a, film on film, each container being juxtaposed with the other container of a pair A, B, etc. This state is indicated by the stage 80 in FIG. 2. On the left, the pairs of containers are still beside one another and are still open and on the right-hand side of the stage 80, they are brought together so that the film 14 is superimposed on the film 14.
The next stage is welding of the rims or edges 15, 13 of the two containers I, II to each other in the marginal welding apparatus 73 and the containers are also singled out here in the singling-out station 74.
The now completed package arrives at the pourer sealing and turning over apparatus 75 in which the package is not only brought from the horizontal to the upright position but in which there is also an operation which is best illustrated with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11.
According to FIG. 9, the rim 13, 15 is now stamped away along the line A'--A', the two semi-circular panel parts 19 being cut away at the same time. This can be more clearly seen from the sectional view in FIG. 10. Finally, a rapidly rotating punch 81 bends over the cylindrical depressions 8 along the edges 82 and at the same time the already described welding of the depression or cylindrical edges takes place as shown at 18 in FIGS. 11 and 12.
Not shown is a further arrangement for screwing prefabricated caps 10 onto the opened pourer device 7 for final closure of the filled package 50. This then arrives at the removal conveyor 76 and is carried away to a packing station or the like.
FIG. 3 shows, like the right-hand side of FIG. 2, the downstream end of the second conveyor strand IV but in contrast to FIG. 2, it is for a machine for twice the output, in which not only two rows X and Y of pairs A, B of containers I, II are produced and transported in the direction of conveyance, but in which there are adjacently disposed two pairs, the pair A' being produced and processed at the same time as and alongside the pair A. FIG. 2a also shows how upon folding over about the common essential edge 23, both pairs A, A' can be processed jointly.
|Cited Patent
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|Packaging machine for continuously producing sealed packages
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|Method and machine for producing blister packs
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|Thermoforming packaging machine and a method for filling packaging troughs with products
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|U.S. Classification
|53/410, 53/453
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 16, 1990
Owner name: TETRA PAK HOLDINGS & FINANCE S.A.,, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WILHELM, REIL;DEUTSCHBEIN, ULRICH;KNOBLOCH, GERD;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005519/0260
Effective date: 19901102
|Sep 30, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 7, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 15, 2001
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 19, 2001
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20010413