text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 2006
|Filing date
|Jul 6, 2004
|Priority date
|Dec 31, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael J. Sinclair
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (73), Non-Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (5), Classifications (18), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/036,810; filed Dec. 31, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,959 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuators and, in particular, to thermal microelectromechanical system actuators that are activated by Joule heating.
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuators provide control of very small components that are formed on semiconductor substrates by conventional semiconductor (e.g., CMOS) fabrication processes. MEMS systems and actuators are sometimes referred to as micromachined systems-on-a-chip.
One of the conventional MEMS actuators is the electrostatic actuator or comb drive. Commonly, such actuators include two comb structures that each have multiple comb fingers aligned in a plane parallel to a substrate. The fingers of the two comb structures are interdigitated with each other. Potential differences applied to the comb structures establish electrostatic interaction between them, thereby moving the comb structures toward each other.
Advantages of the electrostatic actuator are that they require low current, which results in small actuation energy, and have a relatively high frequency response. Disadvantages are that they require high drive voltages (e.g., tens or hundreds of volts) and large areas and provide low output forces. For example, this type of actuator can produce a force of 0.0059 nN/volt2 per comb-finger height (μm) and can yield a typical actuator force density of about 20 μN/mm2, with the area referring to the surface area of the actuator. Comb drive (electrostatic) actuators used for deployment of microstructures typically occupy many times the area of the device they are deploying. Also, the high voltages (e.g., tens or hundreds of volts) required to operate electrostatic actuators can be incompatible or present difficult integration with conventional logic and low voltage electronics.
A pseudo-bimorph thermal actuator is an alternative to the electrostatic actuator. These actuators utilize differential thermal expansion of two different-sized polysilicon arms to produce a pseudo-bimorph that deflects in an arc parallel to the substrate. Such a thermal actuator produces much higher forces (100–400 times) than comb drive actuators of equal size and can operate on very low voltages and can achieve about 450 μN per/mm2 of MEMS chip area. A disadvantage is the additional electrical power that is required. Two or more actuators may be coupled to a common beam through bending yokes to produce a near-linear movement, which is usually desired in MEMS systems. However, the bending of such yokes consumes much of the force output of the actuators.
The present invention includes a unilateral in-plane thermal buckle-beam microelectrical mechanical actuator formed on a planar substrate of semiconductor material, for example. The actuator includes first and second anchors secured to the substrate along one side of an elongated floating in-plane shuttle that is movable relative to the substrate. First and second sets of elongated thermal half-beams are secured between the floating in-plane shuttle and the respective first and second anchors. An elongated cold beam is aligned transverse to the elongated floating in-plane shuttle and has one end coupled thereto and the other end coupled to the substrate through the insulating nitride layer.
The half-beams are formed of semiconductor material, such as polysilicon. A current source directs electrical current through the thermal half-beams via the anchors to cause heating and thermal expansion of the thermal half-beams. With the motion constraint imparted by the cold beam, the thermal expansion imparts near-linear motion of the floating in-plane shuttle generally parallel its length and generally parallel to the substrate. In one implementation, the half-beams are configured at a bias angle to give the floating shuttle an affinity for in-plane motion.
The resistivity of polysilicon allows the actuator b operate at voltages and currents compatible with standard integrated circuitry (e.g., CMOS). In addition, actuators according to the present invention are very small in area, have relatively high force, and can provide relatively long actuation displacements (e.g. 10–20 microns) at very small increments, making them suitable for deployment of MEMS devices as well as providing minute adjustments in MEMS systems. In one implementation, the present actuator array can produce a force of about 3700 μN per square mm and with 1.53 mW per μN of power. This electrically stimulated movement can be used in micro motors, optical scanning devices, MEMS deployment mechanisms and other areas requiring mechanical movement on a micro scale.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
To assist with understanding the present invention, the general procedure for fabricating micromechanical devices using the MUMPs process is explained with reference to
The MUMPs process provides three-layers of conformal polysilicon that are etched to create a desired physical structure. The first layer, designated POLY 0, is coupled to a supporting wafer, and the second and third layers, POLY 1 and POLY 2, respectively, are mechanical layers that can be separated from underlying structure by the use of sacrificial layers that separate layers and are removed during the process.
The accompanying figures show a general process for building a micro-motor as provided by the MEMS Technology Applications Center, 3021 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
The MUMPs process begins with a 100 mm n-type silicon wafer 10. The wafer surface is heavily doped with phosphorus in a standard diffusion furnace using POCI 3 as the dopant source. This reduces charge feed-through to the silicon from electrostatic devices subsequently mounted on the wafer. Next, a 600 nm low-stress Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride layer 12 is deposited on the silicon as an electrical isolation layer The silicon wafer and silicon nitride layer form a substrate.
Next, a 500 nm LPCVD polysilicon film—POLY 0 14—is deposited onto the substrate. The POLY 0 layer 14 is then patterned by photolithography; a process that includes coating the POLY 0 layer with a photoresist 16, exposing the photoresist with a mask (not shown) and developing the exposed photoresist to create the desired etch mask for subsequent pattern transfer into the POLY 0 layer (
With reference to
After the ANCHOR1 etch, the first structural layer of polysilicon(POLY 1) 24 is deposited at a thickness of 2.0 μm. A thin 200 nm PSG layer 26 is then deposited over the POLY1 layer 24 and the wafer is annealed (
After the POLY 1 layer 24 is etched, a second PSG layer(hereinafter "Second Oxide") 28 is deposited (
First, a POLY1_POLY2_VIA etch (depicted at 30) provides for etch holes in the Second Oxide down to the POLY 1 layer 24. This etch provide a mechanical and electrical connection between the POLY 1 layer and a subsequent POLY 2 layer. The POLY1_POLY2_VIA layer is lithographically patterned and etched by RIE (
Second, an ANCHOR2 etch (depicted at 32) is provided to etch both the First and Second Oxide layers 18, 28 and POLY 1 layer 24 in one step (
A second structural layer, POLY 2, 34 is then deposited at a thickness of 1.5 μm, followed by a deposition of 200 nm of PSG. The wafer is then annealed to dope the POLY 2 layer and reduce its residual film stresses. Next, the POLY 2 layer is lithographically patterned with a seventh mask and the PSG and POLY 2 layers are etched by RIE. The photoresist can then be stripped, and the masking oxide is removed (
The final deposited layer in the MUMPs process is a 0.5 μm metal layer 36 that provides for probing, bonding, electrical routing and highly reflective mirror surfaces. The wafer is patterned lithographically with the eighth mask and the metal is deposited and patterned using a lift-off technique. The final, unreleased exemplary structure is shown in
Lastly, the wafers undergo sacrificial release and test using known methods.
In preferred embodiments, the device of the present invention is fabricated by the MUMPs process in accordance with the steps described above. However, the device of the present invention does not employ the specific masks shown in the general process of
Structural anchors 52 and 54 and half-beams 56 and 58 have electrically semi-conductive and positive coefficient of thermal expansion properties. Bilateral actuator 50 is activated when an electrical current is passed from a current source 68 through half-beams 56 and 58 via electrically conductive couplings 72 and 74 and respective structural anchors 52 and 54. The applied current induces ohmic or Joule heating of half-beams 56 and 58, thereby causing them to expand longitudinally toward each other and ultimately to buckle.
In the illustrated implementation, half-beams 56 and 58 are each formed at an in-plane bias angle relative to a line extending between respective anchors 52 and 54. The bias angles of half-beams 56 and 58 are structural features that provide an affinity for half-beams 56 and 58 to move in-plane (parallel to the substrate) when they buckle. The actuator displacement d is given by
d=[I 2+2(/)/′+I 2−(I cos(a))2]1/2−/sin(a)
The coefficient of thermal expansion used for polysilicon is 2.33�10−6/� C.
Center beam 94 provides mechanical coupling of the multiple half-beams 86 and 88 as well as providing structure for transmitting the resulting linear force to another device, In addition, center beam 94 stiffens the middle of bilateral actuator 80 where half-beams 86 and 88 meet. Multiple half-beams 86 and 88 are formed at in-plane bias angles to provide an affinity for them to buckle and move in-plane (parallel to the substrate). The in-plane bias angles of half-beams 86 and 88 relative to anchors 82 and 84 give bilateral actuator 80 an overall chevron configuration.
In one implementation, anchors 82 and 84, half-beams 86 and 88, and center beam 94 are each made in the same semiconductor layer or layers (e.g., polysilicon). With reference to the structures of
In one implementation, half-beams 86 and 88 have cross-sectional dimensions of 2 μm�2 μm and lengths of between 200 μm and 220 μm. It will be appreciated, however, that these dimensions are merely exemplary. For example, half-beams 86 and 88, as well as anchors 82 and 84 and center beam 94, can be fabricated out of either or both of the releasable MUMPs polysilicon layers, but with anchors 82 and 84 not being released In such MUMPS implementations, actuator 80 can have possible thicknesses of 1.5, 2.0 or 3.5 μm.
Generally, the present invention is adaptable to any fabrication process that includes at least one releasable layer that has a positive temperature coefficient of expansion and is capable of carrying a current for ohmic heating. Moreover, there is no theoretical limit to the number of half-beams 86 and 88 so long as the actuator and its associated conductors can handle the current and heat, the beams can lose heat rapidly, and there is not significant cross coupling ofheat between half-beams. In one implementation, the heating temperature was kept below 800� C. to prevent self-annealing, which can cause irreversible damage.
Anchors 122 and 124 may be the same as or analogous to anchors 82 and 84, and half-beams 126 and 128 are analogous to half-beams 86 and 88. For example, half-beams 126 and 128 may be configured at a bias angle to give floating shuttle 134 an affinity for in-plane motion. In one implementation, the bias angle is about 1.05 degrees With regard to this implementation, the bias angle shown in
Unilateral actuator 120 further includes a cold beam 140 that is transverse (e.g., generally perpendicular) and coupled at one end to in-plane shuttle 134. Cold beam 140 is secured at its other end to a cold beam anchor 141 that is mechanically secured to the substrate (e.g., substrate 10, not shown). Cold beam 140 mechanically and electrically floats and receives generally no electrical current during thermal heating of half-beams 126 and 128, so that cold beam 140 is not heated (i.e., remains "cold") and does not undergo the thermal expansion of half-beams 126 and 128. Cold beam 140 therefore prevents shuttle 134 from being pushed transverse to its length and constrains it to move in-plane along its length with the thermal expansion of half-beams 126 and 128.
Cold beam 140 does not contribute any force to moving actuator 120, but rather requires a force to be bent As a consequence, cold beam 140 reduces the efficiency of actuator 120 relative to that of a corresponding bilateral actuator, in which every beam contributes to the force or motion of the actuator. Also, any elongation of cold beam 140 will reduce the efficiency of actuator 120.
The free, floating motion of center beam 134 is optionally further guided along a line or axis of motion 150 by two or more alignment structures (e.g., four shown) 152 Alignment structures 152 are optional and are shown in greater detail in
Cold beams 200 and 202 are each transverse (e.g., generally perpendicular) and coupled at one end to in-plane shuttle 194. The opposite ends of cold beams 200 and 202 are coupled to respective cold beam anchors 204 and 206 that are mechanically secured to the substrate (e.g., substrate 10, not shown). Cold beams 200 and 202 are parallel to each other and, together with in-plane shuttle 194 and the substrate between anchors 204 and 206, form a quasi-four-beam linkage. As a result, cold beams 200 and 202 better constrain in-plane shuttle 194 to linear motion along its longitudinal axis.
Unilateral actuator 220 includes a pair of structural anchors 222 and 224 mechanically secured to and electrically insulated from a substrate (e.g., substrate 10, not shown). Multiple thermal half-beams 226 and 228 are secured at their base ends 230 and 232 to anchors 222 and 224, respectively. Half-beams 226 and 228 extend over the substrate and meet a floating in-plane shuttle 234 at their respective distal ends 236 and 238. A pair of cold beams 240 and 242 are each transverse (e.g., generally perpendicular) to and coupled at one end to in-plane shuttle 234. The opposite ends of cold beams 240 and 242 are coupled to respective cold beam anchors 244 and 246 that are mechanically secured to the substrate (e.g., substrate 10 through the nitride 12, not shown).
Thermal half-beams 226 and 228 differ from thermal half-beams 186 and 188 in that the former have more mass near their centers than at their ends. In particular, thermal half-beams 226 and 228 are wider (in-plane) near their centers and taper towards their ends. In one implementation, thermal half-beams 226 and 228 have a width near their centers (e.g., 6 microns) that is about twice the width near their ends (e.g., 3 microns) In contrast, thermal half-beams 186 and 188 are shown as having generally parallel sides and being of a uniform width.
The tapered configuration of thermal half-beams 226 and 228 decreases the tendency to flex out-of-plane and increases their current carrying capacity. With uniform-sized (i.e., un-tapered) half-beams, the anchors (e.g., 182 and 184) and shuttle (e.g., 194) function as thermal heat sinks that keep the ends of the beams at a lower temperature than the centers when current is passed through the half-beams to impart thermal expansion. As the current is increased, the centers of uniform-sized half-beams get hotter, sometimes until material deformation or decomposition causes failure of the actuator.
The tapered configuration of thermal half-beams 226 and 228 minimizes temperature difference characteristics of uniform-sized half-beams, thereby improving temperature uniformity along half-beams 226 and 228 and allowing thermal expansion effects to be maximized It will be appreciated that the increased in-plane width of thermal half-beams 226 and 228 at their centers functions to both reduce electrical resistance (and hence the I2R heat losses) and to increase the thermal mass in the center. Keeping thermal half-beams 226 and 228 thin or narrow at their ends minimizes the force required to bend thermal half-beams 226 and 228 when they expand to displace or move shuttle 234.
Actuator 250 includes a pair of cold beams 252 and 254 that are each transverse (e.g., generally perpendicular) to and coupled at one end to in-plane shuttle 234. The opposite ends of cold beams 252 and 254 are coupled to respective cold beam anchors 244 and 246 that are mechanically secured to the substrate (e.g., substrate 10 through the nitride 12, not shown).
Cold beams 252 and 254 of actuator 250 differ from cold beams 240 and 242 of actuator 220 on that the former have widened central regions 256 and 258 that make cold beams 252 and 254 made more resistant to elongation. With this resistance to elongation and the relatively efficient flexing provided at their narrowed ends, cold beams 252 and 254 allow actuator 250 to operate more efficiently than actuator 220. It will be appreciated that the widened central regions of cold beams 252 and 254 could similarly be applied to cold beam 140 of actuator 120.
Thermal half-beams 266 and 268 differ from thermal half-beams 86 and 88 of actuator 80 in that the former have more mass near their centers than at their ends. In particular, thermal half-beams 266 and 268 are wider near their centers and taper towards their ends. In contrast, thermal half-beams 86 and 88 are shown as having generally parallel sides and being of a uniform width. Thermal half-beams 266 and 268 have the same improved operation and characteristics of thermal half-beams 226 and 228 described above.
Actuators according to the present invention provide near linear high efficiency output motions, in contrast to conventional thermal actuators that must have many non-force-producing mechanical linkages to convert the rotational motion to linear in many cases. The resistivity of polysilicon allows the actuator to operate at voltages and currents compatible with standard integrated circuitry (e.g., CMOS). In addition, actuators according to the present invention are very small in area, have relatively high force, and can provide relatively long actuation displacements (e.g. 10–20 microns) at very small increments, making them suitable for deployment of micro-optical devices as well as providing minute adjustments. In one implementation, the present actuator array can produce a force of about 3700 μN per square mm and with 1.53 mW per μN of force. This electrically stimulated movement can be used in micro-motors, optical scanning devices, MEMS deployment mechanisms and other areas requiring mechanical movement on a micro scale.
Parts of the description of the preferred embodiment refer to steps of the MUMPs fabrication process described above. However, as stated, MUMPs is a general fabrication process that accommodates a wide range of MEMS device designs. Consequently, a fabrication process that is specifically designed for the present invention will likely include different steps, additional steps, different dimensions and thickness, and different materials. Such specific fabrication processes are within the ken of persons skilled in the art of photolithographic processes and are not a part of the present invention.
In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of our invention may be applied, it should be recognized that the detailed embodiments are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All such embodiments may come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto.
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|U.S. Classification
|60/527, 60/528, 310/307
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 5, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 18, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 9, 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034541/0477
Effective date: 20141014


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I hope this helps out.
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Love God (2 of 4) by Steve Jones
This content is part of a series.Love God (2 of 4)
Series: Simple Church
Steve Jones
Acts 2:42
Introduction: Anyone here familiar with the ''Five Guys Hamburger Restaurants'' (Show Pic)? Five guys have been pretty successful and I'm sure there are a number of reasons contributing to that success. For instance, they make good hamburgers, they're reasonably priced and they have excellent customer service. But one reason for their success that I would point to this morning is simplicity. What do they offer on their menu? They offer hamburgers, hot dogs, fries and not much else. By simplifying their menu they are able to do a few things very well.
Simple is in, complexity is out. Ironically people are hungry for simple because the world has become much more complex. And in the midst of complexity, people want to find simplicity.
Papa John's knows this (Show pic). Papa John's makes great pizza. According to the founder, John Schnatter, the secret to the company's success has been its simplicity. Look at this statement found on their Web site: ''At Papa John's we have a simple formula for success: Focus on one thing and try to do it better than anyone else. By keeping the Papa John's menu simple, we are able to focus on the quality of our product by using only superior-quality ingredients.'' People have embraced the simple menu and the simple philosophy. What began as one store just over twenty years ago has mushroomed into the third largest pizza franchise in the United States. (I better stop talking about food/restaurants as my examples. I can see you salivating like Pavlov's dog!)
Apple knows this (Show pic). They are pioneers of simple. Pick up an iPod and find one big button. Connect it to your Apple desktop and music automatically downloads. They're all about ''plug and play.''
Google knows this (show pic). Google is one of the fastest-growing companies in American history. It has made sophisticated technology behind Internet searching simple and speedy to users. People love ...
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This award-winning photograph, showing a herd of endangered Tibetan antelopes apparently undisturbed by a passing train on the controversial Qinghai-Tibet railway, has been exposed as a fake. The image was widely hailed in China as a symbol of harmonious co-existence between man and nature. But photographer Liu Wei-qiang admitted it was a fabrication after commenters on a Chinese online photography forum questioned its authenticity.
"The train was real, and so were the antelopes," said Liu in a posting on the forum. "But the magic moment just didn't happen even after I had waited for two weeks." Therefore, he decided to merge together one picture of a passing train with another of the migrating animals "to raise the public awareness of antelope protection".
The merged picture was published by more than 200 media outlets around the world and won Liu a bronze medal in the 2006 Most Influential News Photos of the Year competition, sponsored by CCTV, China's state television. Liu has now been dismissed from the Daqing Evening News in Heilongjiang province. (Via Nature)


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Two Canadians, a Norwegian and a local woman have been kidnapped from a tourist resort in the southern Philippines, the military has said.
An army spokesman said they were taken by gunmen late on Monday from the Holiday Oceanview resort on Samal Island, near Davao City on Mindanao.
The attackers, who have not been identified by police, left by boat, Capt Alberto Caber told reporters.


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Shepherd Sisters
The Shepherd Sisters (also known as The Sheps) were a vocal quartet from Middletown, Ohio. All four members were indeed sisters: Martha, Gayle, Judith and MaryLou Shepherd.
In the late 1950s, they appeared on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. One of their first recordings, "Gone with the Wind" got them a call from Dick Clark. Subsequently they made many appearances on Dick Clark's American Bandstand.
In New York City, Morty Craft had a song he wanted them to record, "Alone (Why Must I Be Alone)". In 1957 "Alone" would become their biggest hit and their signature song. In the U.S. it reached No.18 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart; in the UK Singles Chart it made No.14.[1] Its chart progress may have been hindered by several rival cover versions on both sides of the Atlantic. In all the Shepherd Sisters recorded over thirty songs, many of them on one of Morty Craft's record labels like Melba and Lance.
Craft also introduced them to the DJ Alan Freed, the man often credited with coining the term "rock and roll." The Shepherd Sisters played the Brooklyn and Manhattan Paramount Theaters and toured with Alan Freed's 'America's Greatest Teenage Recording Stars', along with The Everly Brothers, Paul Anka, Buddy Holly and the Crickets, Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, Jerry Lee Lewis, Fats Domino, Danny and the Juniors, Lee Andrews and the Hearts, The Twin Tones, Little Joe Dubs, Thurston Harris, Terry Nolan and Jo Ann Campbell.
Besides rock and roll the Shepherd Sisters were also a stage and cabaret act. They performed at hotels, nightclubs, New York's Apollo Theater and casinos in Reno and Las Vegas, Nevada. They also sang in the Philippines, Canada, South America and parts of Europe.
See also[edit]
- ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 496. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit]
|This article on a United States singing group is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Home › Forums › General Forums › Food, Hydration, and Nutrition › Different Oats
Aug 24, 2006 at 1:32 am #1219393
Linsey BuddenMember
@lollygagLocale: pugetropolis
From a raw foods cookbook, I found an interesting idea–oat groats. If they are soaked overnight they are ready to eat the next morning either cold or heated up. Along with the oats one can soak dried fruits/nuts. My favorite is golden raisens, dried cranberrys, chopped candied ginger (Trader Joe's uncrystilized), and walnuts. The thicker the oats (in this case whole) the more nutrition. They are actually a bit soft and chewable without soaking, nothing like a wheat berry.Aug 24, 2006 at 4:08 pm #1361637
Richard SteinMember
I think the thickness only relates to how long the oats must be soaked/cooked and how fast the carbohydrates raise your blood sugar. I don't think the nutrients are any different. Thus, I think rolled oats might be more successful than whole oat groats. Even the in between version of steel cut oats takes plenty of soaking/cooking time to get beyond crunchy.Aug 24, 2006 at 5:58 pm #1361649
Linsey BuddenMember
@lollygagLocale: pugetropolis
Thanks for the correction, so the larger the cut the slower they release into your system is what I understood you to say. For some reason, my body doesn't seem to recognize instant oats as fuel, while the thicker ones stay with me along time. I've been eating the groats at home too and I just plain like them.Aug 24, 2006 at 9:50 pm #1361659
larry savageMember
@pyeyoLocale: pacific northwest
Way too much fuel used to get oat groats to an edible state in the backcountry even with soaking.
Since you are eating them at home I ran across a method of cookin them that skips the soaking, you cook them in a crock pot the night before. Try a 4 to 1 ratio of water to oats, steel cut or groats. It seems to come out extra creamy.
If the oatmeal is to glycemic for you try stirring 2 tab. of protein powder, whey mixes easier, soy is cheaper. Also sweetening with fructose helps with the lnsulin spiking.Aug 27, 2006 at 9:02 am #1361773
cat morrisMember
@cattLocale: Alaska
I too cook my oat groats in a crockpot overnight & they are still a bit chewy but good! I can't imagine how they could be ready to eat with just soaking.
I understand whole grains always have more nutrients than cut grains. The process of cutting decreases nutritional value. Also, some methods of cutting retain nutrients better than other methods.Oct 13, 2006 at 12:29 pm #1364792
Thai WoodMember
Maybe I'm missing something, but isn't the idea to use no fuel since its from a raw food cookbook, so if you already eat that kind of thing then it sounds like it'd be a good idea as long as you had the time
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Northborough: Assabet Valley Mastersingers perform "A German Requiem"
November 10, 2013$20 - $25
Join the Assabet Valley Mastersingers Nov. 10, at 3:30 p.m., as they perform "A German Requiem – Johannes Brahms" at Algonquin Regional High School, 79 Bartlett St., Northborough.
The facility is accessible to the physically challenged, and assistive listening systems and large print programs will be available.
Tickets are $25 for general admission and $20 for students and seniors. And, those with a WGBH member card can receive a $3 discount. To find out more, call 978-562-9838 or visit www.AVMsingers.org.


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Sandro Mari
Technical coordinator at Italian national CERT
Sandro Mari graduated in electronic engineering at University of Rome "La Sapienza" and he received a master in telecommunications from "High Specialization School in Information and Communication Technologies" - Italian Ministry of Communications.
In the following two years he worked as consultant in the ICT security sector, then he joined a multinational Italian company where he was involved in several projects as information security analyst.
He has been working since 2010 at ISCOM – High Institute of Communications and Information Technologies - General Directorate of the Italian Ministry of the Economic Development - as technical officer; he deals with ICT security matters both at operational and regulatory level.
In particular he participated as national technical expert to the discussions regarding the proposal of the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive in the dedicated working group at the Council of the EU and he is the technical coordinator of the Italian National CERT.


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The National Association of Corrosion Engineers, which advances corrosion education, opens a new $2.4 million international training center on South Creek Drive, near I-10 and Barker Cypress Road, this morning. Tony Keane is with NACE International.
"This is probably the only free-standing facility that's just dedicated strictly to corrosion education. It's a 15,000-square-foot facility that has state-of-the-art classrooms, and what we specialize in is technical training, both in cathodic protection, wich is a technology to prevent corrosion, and then also coatings inspection, where we certify individuals to inspect a coatings application and surface preparation."
The effects of corrosion cost the United States over $276 billion each year. The industry is expected to stay strong as companies place an even greater focus on asset protection and asset preservation. Despite the ongoing demand, relatively few candidates are entering the field. That means prospects are good for job seekers.
"The corrosion industry itself is really not considered or isolated as an industry sector that's measured because we're components of the utility industry, we're components of the oil and gas industry, so, however, what we are seeing is that we get representatives and technicians and engineers that are coming in from all industries, to become more aware of the impacts of corrosion and how they can prevent it. Corrison continues no matter what the economy does, and because of the liability issues that are associated with it in many industries, it's something that is very important and is very costly."
According to an industry study, 30 per cent of the nation's water supply is lost each year due to corrosion.
Ed Mayberry, KUHF Houston Public Radio News.


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translated by Brett Larner
Imperial Crown Prince Hironomiya enjoyed jogging a loop of the popular running course around the outside of the Imperial Palace on Feb. 25. The Prince runs daily inside the grounds of the Crown Prince's Palace in Akasaka, Tokyo, but this was the first time he was allowed to run out in public in 7 years.
Accompanied by Imperial Household Agency officials, the Prince began his run around 3:20 p.m. from Kikyo Gate on the Tokyo Station side of the Palace. Under cloudy skies he completed the 5 km course in 27:20. After finishing he smiled as he commented, "It was neither too cold nor too hot. It was a truly comfortable run."
No announcement about the run was made beforehand, so pedestrians and other runners on the course were caught by surprise. One woman called out, "Your Majesty!" to which the Crown Prince responded with a wave. The Prince last ran the loop around the Imperial Palace in February, 2007. In March, 2008 he was allowed out to run the loop around the outside of the Akasaka Palace grounds.


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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - October 18, 1991, New Braunfels, Texas Amusements ft -wee Friday, October 18, 1991HeraW-Zt/fuflg, New Braunfels, Texas For Better or For Worse Peanuts Profeeeor Qtfckmen, the UA preettcel Joker, deftly pieces e single drop of hydrochloric acid on the heck of Professor Bingham's neck. When he comes home with a smile like that, it » ^ means he's made Snyder's life miserable " * Television log I FRIDAY ...... BEBm C IWL TV Luana me FiWortLflL. mammmm OCTOBER 18 I I J TRN I 7:30 INN 8:30 9PM 9:38 | 10 PM 19:38 11PM | 11:39 | 12 AM | 12:39 | Step by Step Strangers Q Baby Talk 0 20/20O Alpaca •vBWa (35) Pa* I S Bitty Graham I Reasonabia Doubts O (35) TonMht Shown (MIC** touMMm " ——I c a Wk I I I News (35) Cheers ll 05) Cosh, Jeff arsons MscNeH/Lehrer NewsHour D.C. Week n I Watt It Week I San Antonio Or Who __________I MBs« Isms P".AP. 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(45) Mar. d to NBB* CM) CMN pi) A* i in Concert SIO I Bl KXM Reel Life o Expose(t Dew John o Flesh ii biouO Reasonable Doubts 11 CK) ToruflN Shewn —— ir Tltw*WM rn kmo I Amend s Most Wanted 0 [UFO Report Sightings i > Star Trek Night Court Arsento Hatto Can Be Told f/VAIA) ■ I ® fnisiilf<yPllSlil ll Horoscope By Stella Wilder Born today, you are a competitive sd hard-working individual. You will likely formulate specific life goals while you are still quite young, and work to attain them at an unbroken pace as long aa your considerable stamina will allow You are forwardlooking, and your progressive ideas are sure to win both admiration and criticism, you are. to say the least, a controversial individual* Your greatest achievements are bound to be individual ones, though you can work as part of a team as well. Your life is sure to progress accord: ing to a swift cycle of good and ill fortune, your luck can change from good to bad and back again a number of times each week! 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This is a good day to experiment with ; new tactics Teamwork proves beneti- * etal Seek a creative outlet ' V AQUARIUS (Jan. ti Feb ll) - - New opportunities on the horizon may ^ force you to re-examine your current * motive and attitudes » \ PISCES (Feb. 19-March ti) - Op* * position from others actually prove * beneficial today, as you use it to fuel a » new creative drive I ARIES (March ti-April ll) - Con . neei with those who share your inter eats today and you can increase oppor* tunnies and profits as well TAURUS (April ti Ma> ti) -Those new skills you re currently ex plortng can pay off for you today —, ^ provided, of course, you don't over*v* work yourself * A y GEMINI (May ti-June ti) -* J You'll be back in circulation in no time " after a brief period of solitude brought » on by insecurity and frustration. CANCER (June tl-July tt) There are mild annoyances every* where you look today, but you needn't let them get in your way. Remain, focused LEO (July ti-Aug. It) - That Hat of unfinished jobs is growing, it s tune to turn your back on distractions and get down to business once and for all.'" VIRGO (Aux. ZJ-Scpl. tt) - Thu is a good day to Tiring up difficult topics with friends and loved ones. The desire for understanding is universal ;
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Ink sketch with W&N watercolour in my Moleskine 200gsm 'Nature journal' A4 size
Not far from us, about 10km, is the Krugersdorp Game Reserve (Tarlton, Gauteng, South Africa), one of my favourite places to visit. We often go to the restaurant they have there and it's great seeing all the animals along the way, about a kilometer drive through the Game Reserve till you get to the restaurant.
These Springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis) were grazing not far off the road and didn't even look up when I settled myself on the bonnet of my Land Rover to sketch them. Other great sightings are the Giraffe, but they prefer to keep their distance and I've taken a couple of photographs, so that will have to suffice for a sketch. Also Kudu, Eland, Springbok, Blue Wildebeest and other small buck often graze close to the road. The Lions are kept in separate enclosures, accessible by drive-through tours via a special gate.
Afrikaans – Springbok
There is a Mix & Match throw pillow available for this duvet, which you can find here
23rd November 2011 – FEATURED in "Cee's Fun Artsy Friends"
15th September 2012 – FEATURED in "Animals of Africa"
17th December 2014 – FEATURED in "The Art of Watercolour"
22nd December 2014 – FEATURED in "From the Heart"
27th December 2014 – FEATURED in "Art Universe"
15th May 2016 – FEATURED in "Amazing Wildlife Mammals"
23rd May 2017 – FEATURED in "Vavoom! Vibration in Art and Verse"
25th May 2017 – FEATURED in "Yahoo—Doodles"


text: Our last night in Amboise before heading towards Paris, we booked a table at Auberge de Launay on the recommendation of our hotel. A quick call secured a table and the assurance that my wife's vegetarian needs would be catered for with ease. This is what my Euro35 Prix Fixe menu got me: 1st Amuse Bouche - a small glass... More


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Say hello to our Kitchenware Collection, discover mugs and cake tins that will always make great gifts. Inspired by colour and our country heritage, there's no more stylish way to sip a cup of tea or store a tasty treat.
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BEAU Set of 4 Beakers


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Posted by ESPN.com' s Bill Williamson
Here is reaction from some key figures in Gene Upshaw's NFL career who I caught up with today:
Former Oakland Raiders coach Tom Flores: "He was one of the all-time greats. He had it all. He became a leader and earned the respect of all of his teammates. True, die-hard Raiders fans remember Gene Upshaw as a dominant player."
Former Denver linebacker Tom Jackson: "It's a sad day for the NFL. Gene and John Hannah where the greatest guards I've ever faced. A lot of older players say they wish they would have played now because of the money difference. But I am honored to have played against a player like Gene Upshaw. The game was more pure then and Gene was a part of that. Gene played at 260 pounds but he was big for those days. He was big. Very rarely are the emotional leaders of a team the offensive linemen. But Gene was the emotional leader of those great Raiders' teams. He was a respected guy."
Former Denver linebacker Randy Gradishar: "Playing against Gene was always a difficult challenge. I took great pride in playing against the Raiders and I took great pride in playing against Gene Upshaw. Playing against Gene was a mind game. He could overpower you but he was very intelligent so he could outsmart opponents as well."
Former Minnesota defensive tackle Jim Marshall: "I had a lot of respect for Gene Upshaw as a player and as a person. As an older player we didn't all always agree with Gene but we knew he did his best. He did a lot of great things inside and outside of the game. My deepest sympathies go out to his wife and children. Gene was a good man."


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Quick Look
Property brokered by
Get more listing details on brokerage site
Presented By:
Nancy Durkin
(601) 442-2286
Email Agent
Nancy Durkin
(601) 442-2286
Email Agent
Property DetailsFor more information, contact Nancy Durkin at (601) 807-9617. Visit http://www.crye-leike.com/natchez/2016000700 to view more pictures of this property. CUSTOM BUILT BRICK HOME ON 30+/- ACRES WITH AN ABUNDANCE OF WILDLIFE! 3BR/2.5BATHS, GOURMET KITCHEN, MARBLE COUNTER TOPS, TILE FLOORS, ISLAND, COMMERCIAL STAINLESS STEEL GAS STOVE W/OVEN, DOUBLE OVEN W/CONVECTION MICROWAVE, FULL SIZE REFRIGERATOR & FREEZER, OPEN FLOOR PLAN W/SUNKEN DEN, HARDWOOD FLOORS, FIREPLACE, VAULTED CEILINGS. CEDAR-LINED CLOSETS, FORMAL DINING ROOM, ZONED HVAC, 2 UNITS, OFFICE, 2000SF METAL BLDG W/16' CEILINGS & 3 16' DOORS, & MORE! HORSES ALLOWED, NOT PT OF ELGIN COV REDUCED!!
Area Recent Sales
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Additional Property InformationThis single family listing located at 23 Stirling Rd, Natchez, MS boasts three bedrooms, two bathrooms and one partial bathroom. The property is currently selling at $389,000.
This property is presented by Nancy Durkin of CRYE-LEIKE, Realtors based in Tennessee.


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Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Park Inn by Radisson Berlin Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz 7, Berlin, Berlin
0.5 km from
Rp 906,667+
Awesome location with perfect view which I do not regret I requested. Good room with perfect design and huge window. 1) Slight wind from under the door. 2) Some sound from probably disco bar or something late at night. 3) No free WiFi internet even in the hall!!! 4) No space in fridge for our own food. It was stuffed with their expensive mini-bar stuff.
The location of the hotel for fantastic for sightseeing - very central with good access to busses and trains. The staff were helpful and the accommodation very comfortable. Will definately stay again. All good
the Sunday brunch! room was a little bit small - no much room between bed and desk
The toilet facilities are not satisfactory. It is a problem, that the toilet almost is situated in the middle of the room with poor privacy.
Good location and good breakfast
Excellent central location. Room well-laid out,warm,comfortable, very clean, nice hot shower. Stunning view! Plenty of choice at breakfast. Queues to check in. Very loud music outside hotel which started about 22.00 and was still going strong at 2.30, when I finally fell asleep. Coffee cold at breakfast, as they put it in pots which were then left on the table throughout breakfast service.
Location. Nice room but small, Great view Quality of accesories, ie. towels, toilet paper, soaps and shower products. Also they charged guests to access their Panorama Terrace which is advertised as a positive point to the hotel, we found this a bit rude to say the least. Breakfast was expensive and there was no cheap option for my wife who doesn't eat much for breakfast
Location was great, and the bar was really nice too. on arrival we were told that the bar on the top floor did not exist anymore so that was a little disappointing. on arrival we were told that the bar on the top floor did not exist anymore so that was a little disappointing.
The breakfast was amazing. Rooms very clean. Hotel ideally situated to get around Berlin.
Clean room with great location. The Internet access was very expensive. Restaurant was well furnished and great service but the food was a joke.
Great location and tidy rooms. Panorama terace was not worth the hype.
The view of the aquarium from the room was super! Good location. The bar was a little pricey!
The friendliness of the staff and their smiling reaction to any request.
The magnificent aquarium, very helpful and polite hotel staff, very close taxi station, nice ambiance of the lobby the room temperature can be warmer, not enough english channels on the tv
the aquarium is spectacular and the hotel at all is very modern; location is very good but still quiet (Museumsinsel) and for two to three nights the place is nice, many different restaurants, excellent breakfast rooms are small, no luggage service (you need to get your suitcases up yourself... and out again to the taxi... 5 star??), atmosphere of the main hall is like a 'railway station' - very strange acoustics and a kind of cold,
Staff were efficient, friendly and accommodating. Our room was very comfortable and well designed. Room service and breakfasts were excellent.
service staff was very helpful and polite, above expectations room could be warmer
The atmosphere and ambience of the hotel was amazing. All the facilities where top class, in particular the spectacular 15m high aquarium within the lobby area. this is well worth a visit alone.
aquarium Staff not as professional as I would have expected - we arrived early and left our bag, were told they'd phone when room ready so we went for walk in snow and never got call. Also concierge tried to charge us for free internet.
The staff, the balcony, the room and the aquriam.
the fact that a 5 star hotel did not include slippers and bathrobes in the room, and that the furniture was at ikea-level standards
Great location near the museum island and Alexanderplatz. Friendly and helpful staff, original setting with huge acquarium in the hall. We had a double bed but it was actually two single beds joined together, uncomfortable gap between mattresses, not to be expected for a hotel of this level.
Nice to make a quick meal and eat on the balcony. The Nesoresso machine was overpriced and capsules were not replenished as promised.
Getrenntes Wohn- und Schlafzimmer (mit Kleinkind ideal). Großes Badezimmer mit Badewanne, Waschmaschine und Trockner. Küchenzeile gut ausgestattet. Alles sauber. Ideale Lage für Städtereisen. Bequemes Bett. Sofa war sehr unbequem!
Friendly and helpful staff. Clean and well equipped room. Wide choice of breakfast foods. Good location relative to tourist sites. Nothing.
location,quiet,breakfast our second room (for our friends) was dark and small but quieter
Convenience to museums and S-bahn You insisted on 50 euros for a 2-hr delay in checkout, which we chose to avoid at great inconvenience to our departure
Good location (in 3 minutes away from museums' island and Berlin's Dome), very tasty breakfasts, responsive staff
The position of the hotel is great and the room was clean and comfortable.The breakfast we excellent.
Welcoming, very good location indeed (1 minute from S-Bahn, Hackescher Markt, Alexanderplatz, bus stops, cathedral, etc... yet extremely quiet), comfortable and quiet room. Room was a bit small, but it was a single so I'm used to this kind of thing and it was better than most.
Hotel Location
Very convenient for transport to sites, shopping etc. Very close to good restaurants, bars and other evening entertainment. Staff were friendly and helpful and the meal we had in the hotel was really good too.
the situation, comfortable beds, clean, good breakfast and timetable
central location, reasonable price no bath tub, internet expensive
My husband and I stayed at this hotel for 5 nights and we had a wonderful time, we stayed in the executive suite which was large bright ,modern and clean all in all we enjoyed our stay at Lux 11 and would definately stay there again as the location was also good! A couple of the reception staff were not so friendly and they forgot our morning wake-up call, luckly I woke up anyway!!
Excellent location. Staff are friendly & helpful. Design of room is very modern, amenities used are of good quality "Aveda".
Great location for Mitte district, travel, shopping etc. and very good hair salon downstairs. Staff were not at all helpful when asked to assist with restaurant bookings/recommendations or usual requests that you might expect to be met e.g. a telephone call when the room is ready as it was delayed when we had arrived. Furthermore, we paid for a balcony room but did not get one. When we complained about this upon receiving the bill, we were told that some superior rooms had no balcony.
everything was very good, the size of the room and the price were excellent
Near Alex Platz and nearby bakery and minimarket.
It was calm, clean and comfortable, and the staff were welcoming and helpful. Felt that the supply of tea/coffee bags was inadequate, they should have been replenished each day. We also felt that the breakfast was mean and overpriced for a hotel of such a category.
Great unique and hip hotel for young travelers, fantastic location. Poor option of late night food & staff did not mention breakfast was extra (appeared as though it was included).
very central no porter to help with luggage.
I liked the restaurant, excellent food and very nice service. Location is great too. Reception area and friendliness of the staff too. The elevator and the corridor leave an impression that you are entering an old building; not very fancy for a design hotel. The room was very cold when I arrived (the guests are supposed to turn the heating themselves?!). Also the view on the backyard is not very nice either.
I was a bit disappointed as I expedted a better design/ quality. I booked a superior room but actually got a 30m2 double room with just one window. Also the traffic noise during the night was a bit ennoying. I would not recommend it to others as you can get better accomodation for this price, e.g. the "Q". Please see above
Location of the hotel is good. Many restaurants and shops around the area. The hotel staff did not give good instructions for public transport. The tap in the sink is very low makes it very inconvenient to use. You may not want to share your room with a friend that you are not too familiar with because its a open shower and sink area which is right next to the bed.
It was a great hotel, very clean, nice staff, good breakfast and the location was the best! It was not possible to switch off the light in the ceeling to only use the TV, bathroom or bed lights. Very frustrating!
location, cleanness, simplness, easy modernity and style, and that it was brand new the fact that we had to ask for additional soap and shower liquid, becayse we did not get any new ones the next day.
Great Hotel...It's our second time in this hotel.. and it won't be the last...
Friendly helpful staff and great modern hotel in central location.
New hotel, very comfort and clean room Air condition not working properly
Easy to find, great value for money, friendly and helpful staff, fantastic location
The Hotel is fantastic great modern feel, staff were excellent, good mix of restaurants within 2 min walk, Breakfast was buffet style and great value at €7.50
excellent location, cleanliness only one power socket in the room
Excellent location. Well appointed room (it felt better than a two star) and helpful staff. Clean, well serviced, quiet and comfortable. Nice breakfast too. No complaints.
The quiet and relaxed feeling in the hotel There was not much space to sit at breakfast and a lot of lines to get to the drinks and the food


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Sticky Wedding Situation: Asking For Cash Is Insulting, Tacky And Rude
Sticky situation:
After 20 years of living together, my partner has finally asked me to marry him. In fact, from the beginning, it was he who wanted this traditional sealing of the knot. The big day will be this fall.
The wife of his best friend suggested (actually, strongly insisted) that we demand a monetary contribution from our guests. My spouse and I disagree. I find this insulting, while he is hell-bent on it!
We are expecting a hundred adult guests or so, and a few little ones. The meal costs $125 per person, including wine. My fiancé wants to ask a payment of $75 per guest. It goes without saying that the decorations, the music, the late night buffet and everything else, including the open bar, are 100 per cent at our expense!
Honestly, we don't care about the gifts. And for me, it is out of the question to add "No boxed gifts, please" on our invitations.
We expect that some of our guests will be VERY generous. While others, like our 20-something nieces and nephews, will come celebrate with their boyfriends or girlfriends, and will not offer us anything.
Help! Can we ask without insulting?
Oh, la la la la! This etiquette expert needs to stop this trend, now! I am fighting to catch my breath as I rhythmically type on my keyboard...
But first, congratulations on your upcoming wedding! I wish you much happiness.
You are right. It's now my turn, just like the wife of your future husband's friend, to be firm.
"Asking guests to pay is insulting, tacky and rude!"
Inviting equals paying. If you cannot afford the wedding of your dreams, adjust your vision.
"If you do not have the means to invite at the Ritz Carlton serve Ritz crackers at the sugar shack."
You can change the location, the menu, reduce the service of alcohol, find another music option or make your own decorations. Be creative.
As for not writing, "No boxed gifts please" on the invitation, here too you are right. That statement is a full faux-pas. It transfers the request for someone's presence to a request for cash.
The ideal way to inform guests of your gift wishes, including the gift of money, is the good old "word of mouth" method. It is up to the relatives of the couple, as well as their attendants, to inform guests when they ask.
The script might sound like this:
Guest: "What should we offer them as a gift?"
Parent or member of the bridal party: "As you may know, they have been living together for a while now. In fact, they really have everything they need. They are dreaming of a Caribbean cruise (or whatever you are hoping for). I'm sure they would appreciate a contribution towards that trip. However, if you have another idea, I am sure they will appreciate it."
Alternatively, less expensively, you could host in your home.
Or another option could be to ask guests and loved ones "join you" at your favourite restaurant. By using the words, "We would like you to join us as we celebrate our wedding" guests will know that they will have to pay for their meals.
No matter what you decide, make sure to decide united with your future husband. It would be a shame to have a quarrel and ill feelings when leading up to what should be one of the happiest days of your lives as a couple.
You have a sticky situation? This is your forum. Write to Julie and she will reply promptly. Want more solutions? Go to Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Need a speaker or workshop leader? Julie travels. No time for training? Order autographed copies of Etiquette: Confidence & Credibility. Hiring Julie is the best Return On Investment that you will ever make, for your reputation.
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Many brides focus on the altar and often forget about their grand entrance. A vintage door at the foot of the ceremony is a whimsical touch and symbolizes a welcome to all guests. Related: 40 Ways to Decorate Your Ceremony Aisle Photo Credit: John Schnack Photography
Amp up your church door with a swath of florals for a special touch. Photo Credit: Paul Underhill
Create your own version of the red carpet — whatever that may be. This straw runner is the perfect complement to a beach or coastline wedding. Related: 70+ Ideas for Beach Weddings Photo Credit: Garrett Richardson
Tie satin ribbon on the posts of aisle chairs for an elegant look. Related: 25+ Gorgeous Ways to Decorate Your Chairs Photo Credit: Caught the Light
The candid photos of you and your groom exchanging vows are ones you'll treasure forever. With this in mind, don't skimp on altar décor — you'll want to make sure it's unforgettable. Even something as simple as draping gauzy fabric over a tree in an already stunning setting can create a breathtaking effect. Related: 50 Gorgeous Wedding Ceremony Structures Photo Credit: Amy Carlston Photography
Personalize your table numbers with a photo of you and the groom at each table. Amp up the personalization even more by corresponding the number with a fun fact about the two of you. Related: 50 Memorable Ideas for Your Table Numbers Photo Credit: Katch Studios
Mixing and matching ceremony chairs is an original way hone your wedding style without splurging on décor. These diverse chairs make for eccentric seating and complete this industrial 19th century factory. Related: 6 Creative Ways to Seat Your Wedding Guests Photo Credit: Isabelle Selby Photography
Dual-purpose guest programs are the way to go — that piece of paper gets more of your money's worth if it serves another function! These programs feature popsicle stick handles, perfect for guests to use as a fan when it gets too hot at an outdoor ceremony. Related: 15+ Creative Wedding Program Ideas Photo Credit: Mandy Busby Creative
You won't be the only one crying at your wedding; don't forget about your guests' tears of joy, too. A box of delicately embroidered colorful hankies adds a quirky and charming element to your wedding — one that your guests will certainly appreciate. Photo Credit: Paper Antler
Don't just drape your cocktail tables in linen and call it a day; cinch them with a tie of lush greenery — or twine, or fabric, if you wish — to give a little pizazz to their silhouette. Photo Credit: Kim Box Photography
Don't leave your cocktails as is — they're always more fun when dressed up. Add burlap umbrellas and heart-stamped stirrers for a punch of whimsy. Related: Signature Cocktails for Summer Weddings Photo Credit: Margaux Photography
Personalize your cocktail napkins with a cute saying or the date to add a dash of pizazz. A metallic finish always looks more luxe. Photo Credit: This Love of Yours Photography
Does your reception venue have a pool? Don't leave it empty. Floating letters make a splash. Related: 50 Over-the-Top Wedding Ideas We Can't Help But Love Photo Credit: Mike Arick Photography
When throwing an outdoor wedding, it's easy to only focus on a contingency plan in the event of bad weather and forget about Mother Nature's other downside — bugs and the like. Create a relief station armed with bug spray, sunscreen and hand sanitizer so your guests can enjoy your big day. Related: 100 Ideas for Summer Weddings Photo Credit: Ann-Kathrin Koch Photography
Get creative with your guest book so guests will actually want to sign it! Ask for a marriage tip or date idea so you and your groom can enjoy more than the standard well wishes. These popsicle sticks are way more fun than your simple blank-page book. Related: 50 Unique Wedding Guest Book Ideas Photo Credit: Lora Mae Photography
Forgo the guest signings altogether and opt for a visual guest book. Leave a polaroid camera at the table so your guests can take a selfie as proof of their attendance and have them pin it up for a fun décor display. Photo Credit: En Route Photography
Escort cards don't have to be limited to paper. Write them on something else entirely or pair with them with a fun accessory. These gold spray-painted animal figurines are fun and playful. Photo Credit: Carmen Holt
Don't relegate your escort cards to the table — show them off in a creative display! These pretty-in-pink ribbon streamers are whimsically beautiful. Related: 35 Cool Ways to Display Your Escort Cards Photo Credit: Margaux Photography
Skip the escort cards altogether and opt for a seating chart as a cheaper alternative — vintage window panes will do the trick! Related: 50 Eye-Catching Seating Charts Photo Credit: Anne de Lores Photography
Forgo the price of paper and list the night's fare on a sign for a bit of charm. Photo Credit: Leigh Fabozi
Tie a bow of fabric around chair backs to take your chairs from ordinary to glam. Get creative with a diagonal look and off-center bow, like this olive green piece. Photo Credit: Archetype Studios
Not into bows? Run gauzy linens through the chair backs for a dreamy look. Photo Credit: Paula McManus Photography
Don your sweetheart chairs with charming Mr. and Mrs. Signs. Related: 25 Pretty Head Table Ideas: From Big Traditional to Intimate Sweetheart Photo Credit: Amanda Adams Photography
Don't forget about the little ones! Leave crayons and a coloring book at their table so they can stay entertained. Related: 100 Times Kids Stole the Show at a Wedding Photo Credit: Natalie Watson
Sequin tablecloths are a quick and affordable upgrade from your average linens to give your reception a luxe look on a budget. Their shimmer and glimmer is both glam and chic. Related: 50 Dazzling Ways to Add Sparkle to Your Wedding Reception Photo Credit: Mango Studios
Cover your tables with mirrors for a dazzling effect and to save costs on linens. Related: 50 Gorgeous Ways to Dress Up Your Reception Tables Photo Credit: Esther Sun Photography
Who said place cards have to be on paper? Cut the costs and write them in beautiful calligraphy on a tropical leaf to carry out your wedding theme. Bonus points if you swap placemats out for monster leaves as plate chargers. Related: 50 Unexpected Ways to Decorate with Greenery Photo Credit: Krista Mason Photography
A table setting can consist of much more than dinnerware and linens. Spruce them up with accents, such as a pale blush ribbon and trim of greenery, for an extra touch. Photo Credit: Jessica Gold Photography, LLC
Get creative with your napkin settings. A simple folding like this napkin pocket makes all the difference — and can hold your menu, making it both functional and aesthetically pleasing to the eye. Photo Credit: Nancy Ray Photography
Don't forget about the extras that make your wedding so unique. Throw some unexpected décor into the mix, like these geometric shapes filled with succulents. Related: Beyond Flowers: 50 Unique Ideas for Your Centerpieces Photo Credit: Amy & Jordan Photography
After painstakingly obsessing over your centerpieces, you don't want to keep them in the dark. Use pinspotting to illuminate those pretty floral arrangements. Related: 25 Ways to Transform Your Wedding With Lighting Photo Credit: JoVon Photography
Candles are a beautiful and cost-efficient way to light up any tablescape. With such a romantic glow, you won't need to spend a fortune on flowers for your centerpieces. Photo Credit: Margaux Photography
Uplighting is a budget-friendly way to immediately transform a room's ambiance. An orange glow bathes this reception in a romantic light. Photo Credit: JoVon Photography
Whether you choose one single statement chandelier or a handful, chandeliers add sparkle and class to any reception. On a budget? Drape a vintage wrought-iron chandelier in string lights for a unique and whimsical look. Related: 75 Ideas for a Rustic Wedding Photo Credit: Heather Hawkins Photography
String lighting doesn't need to be confined to the ceiling — it twinkles just as brightly cascading down the wall as a backdrop, too. Photo Credit: D'amor Photography
Dress up a bare wall with a sign of your affection. Whether you prefer your new initials, a cute saying or quote, or just one word, it's sure to make a statement — both physically and emotionally. Related: 50 Clever Signs Your Wedding Guests Will Love Photo Credit: Lauren Fair Photography
The space up above needs décor just as much as the space below! Adorn your ceiling with fabric, lights, greenery or these whimsical papier-mache yarn globes. It's a great trick for covering up any unsightly beams or tent poles. Related: Gorgeous Ideas for a Barn Wedding Photo Credit: Andria Lo
It's the quirky and the unique that truly lends your day a touch of your own personality. Add surprising elements to give your wedding some flair. We love this rustic bell to call for the newlyweds to kiss. Photo Credit: Amanda Adams Photography
Make the line at the bar go more quickly with a rustic sign that provides all the drink options before guests even get to the bartender. Guests will appreciate not having to look for the bar, too! Related: Stylish Ways to Display Your Food & Drinks Photo Credit: Anna Page Photography
Are a full-on bar and bartender out of the budget? Fill up a trough with the drinks of your choice. Fun and quirky, it lends rustic charm to any backyard or barn wedding. Photo Credit: Shell de Mar Photography
Enter caption for this If you're trying to avoid paying for an open bar, consider having his and her cocktails that embody your tastes and personalities instead. Your guests will still get the liquor while you can save money and add a personal element to the wedding. Related: Find a Signature Cocktail That Matches Your Color Scheme Photo Credit: Renee Sprink Photography
Hand-painted treats liven up an average plate of hors d'oeuvres or dessert delectables. These "fruity" pastel macarons scream springtime fever. Related: 25 Delicious Wedding Cake Alternatives Photo Credit: Amy & Jordan Photography
Getting creative with your dessert display is an easy way to elicit a wow factor. Serving cupcakes? Instead of placing them in traditional tier, arrange them in the initial of your new last name. Photo Credit: Reese Moore Photography
Let your cake table shine with some original décor. Swap it out for an antique desk and juxtapose it with a marquee sign to spotlight the display. Related: 25 Creative Ways to Show Off Your Wedding Cake Photo Credit: Jen Rodriguez
Bride and groom figurines are so yesterday. Opt for a cake topper that makes a statement and reflects you and your groom's personalities, like this gold sparkle showstopper with a depiction of the couple's two dogs. Related: 50 Creative Wedding Cake Toppers Photo Credit: Aga Jones Photography
Photobooths are always a good source of entertainment for guests. Is renting one out of the budget? Create an oversize polaroid for a fun and quirky cost-efficient twist. The photos will be just as fun! Related: 50 Cost-Cutting Wedding Swaps Photo Credit: Nadia Meli
Make sure to include props so those who feel awkward posing can feel more comfortable with something to hold. Plus, you'll get more candid photos! We love these punny balloons — they're fun and affordable. Related: 50 Sweet Props You'll Want to Use in Your Wedding Photos Photo Credit: Mike Arick Photography
You spent months brainstorming a clever hashtag — make sure people use it! Create a clever sign to encourage your guests to snap and post the night away. Related: How to Choose Your Wedding Hashtag Photo Credit: Olive Photography
It's easy to overlook the bathroom when you're honed in on making the reception as gorgeous as can be. Put his and her's amenity baskets in the bathrooms in case guests need anything throughout the night. Mouthwash, stain removal pens, hairspray, Tylenol and band-aids are just a few ideas to throw in there. Photo Credit: Something Turquoise / Created by Jessica Bishop of The Budget Savvy Bride
Gone are the traditions of throwing confetti or rice as the couple makes their escape. Sparklers have a much bigger wow factor — and make for amazing photos. Related: 15 Spectacular Ideas For Your Wedding Sendoff Photo Credit: David Strauss
Follow Julie Blais Comeau on Twitter: www.twitter.com/EtiquetteJulie
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The Henderson Executive Airport is a public airport located just over 13 miles south of the central business district of Las Vegas, Nevada. The airport is owned by Clark County and operated by the Clark County Department of Aviation. According to the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009-2013, it is categorized as a reliever airport. The terminal building houses car rental, flight school and line service facilities, as well as the Landings Restaurant.
Air Charter Service offers direct private jet charters to the The Henderson Executive Airport.
Private Jet Charter to Henderson Executive Airport
- Location: Clark, Nevada
- Airport Code: HND
- Runway Length: 6502 ft
- Co-ordinates: 35°58′22″N 115°08′04″W
- Airport Address: 3500 Executive Terminal Dr #100, Henderson, NV 89052, United States
- Nearest Towns/Cities: Las Vegas (14.04 miles), North Las Vegas (15.73 miles)


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