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Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis show different microstructural characteristics of trabecular bone in proximal tibia using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla
Pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two common musculoskeletal disorders that affect the quality of life in aged people. An inverse relationship between OP and OA was proposed four decades ago. However, the difference in microstructure of the trabecular bone of these two disorders by high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) has not been compared. The primary objective of the study is to explain the actual relationship between OA and OP based on differences between bone microstructure of these two diseases. The secondary objectives are to find out the significance of Euler number and its relationship with other structural parameters, and important role of HR-MRI to reveal the microstructure of trabecular bone directly.
Totally, 30 women with OP and 30 women with OA (n = 60) were included in this study. Primary OA of hip, knee, as well as spinal arthrosis were diagnosed according to plain X-ray film findings. Osteoporosis was defined based on the latest criteria of World Health Organization (WHO). Structural and textural parameters derived from HR-MRI images of proximal tibia were calculated and compared with special software.
There were significant differences in apparent bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, mean roundness, Euler number, entropy and inverse different moment between OP and OA patients. In OP group, apparent trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), inertia, absolute value and contrast were positively correlated with Euler number, whereas apparent trabecular number (Tb.N), mean trabecular area, inverse difference and inverse different moment were negatively correlated. Apparent trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), mean trabecular area, mean trabecular perimeter and mean skeleton length negatively correlated with Euler number in OA group. Inverse different moment was the texture parameter, which influenced bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck, meanwhile contrast influenced BMD of both great trochanter and Ward's triangle in OP group. While in OA group, Euler number was the exclusive parameter, which affected BMD of femoral neck and Ward's triangle.
We found significant differences in microstructure parameters derived from HR-MRI images between postmenopausal women with OP and OA. It convincingly supports the hypothesis that there might be an inverse relationship between OP and OA.
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two common diseases that have negative impact on quality of life of elderly. Osteoporosis represents increased fragility of bone resulting from bone loss and degeneration of bone microstructure, and is regarded as a systemic disease, which can increase the risk of fracture. Osteoarthritis is a kind of disease, which shows degenerative changes to articular cartilage and hyperplasia of bone and other connective tissues. The causes of these two diseases have not been fully understood, as they both are multifactorial diseases and are influenced by genetics, external environment, endocrine system, metabolism, biomechanics and trauma, etc.
Comparison of BMDs in OA, OP and normal controls showed that BMDs of OA patients were the highest
High-resolution 3D peripheral quantitative micro-CT may be used limitedly due to high radiation dose, while MRI has the advantage of being non-ionizing and non-invasive, offering multi-planar acquisition. In MRI, the trabecular bone marrow shows high signal intensity, whereas the trabecular bone shows lower signal intensity. However, its in-plane spatial resolution is still restrained by signal-to-noise constraints and is currently similar to the trabecular thickness, which is between 100 and 150 μm. As spatial resolution is similar to the trabecular dimension, partial volume effects arise. Therefore, MRI-derived structural parameters are not identical to true histological dimensions, but highly close in anatomical morphology, considered as apparent value
In patients with OP, trabeculae have lower strength and are of poorer quality, whereas sclerotic subchondral trabecular bone is found in those with OA. However, the increase of stiffness in OA does not mean higher strength. Ding
The primary objective of the study is to explain the real relationship between OA and OP populations via differences between bone microstructure of these two diseases. The secondary objectives are to find the significance of Euler number and its relationship with other structural parameters and role of HR-MRI to reveal the microstructure of trabecular bone directly.
Sixty postmenopausal women were selected with an average age of 61.85 (49–72) years. To avoid the confounding effect of age and sex, the inclusion criterion was set as postmenopausal women with more than 5 years after menopause. Thirty women were diagnosed with primary OA with obvious radiographic degeneration changes (osteophytes, cystic degeneration and sclerosis of joint space) of the articular surfaces. Besides, they all had pain or dysfunctional complaints of the affected joints. Any patient with osteoporotic findings in X-ray was precluded. Patients with congenital or acquired dysplasia, gout and rheumatoid arthritis were also excluded of OA group. Five patients with OA in hip, 13 with OA in knee, 8 with lumbar spondylosis and 4 with cervical spondylosis were included in the present study. As our patients with OA were distributed in different locations, we could not use a single grading system to evaluate all the patients with the current small sample size. The other 30 patients with OP sustained at least one osteoporotic fracture, diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This included 7 patients with proximal humeral fracture, 11 with distal radial fracture and 12 with vertebral compression fracture. Patients with osteomalacia, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis and secondary OP due to hormone therapy were excluded from OP group. All patients or their family members provided signed informed consent and the protocol was approved by The Xin-Hua Hospital Ethics Committee, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Bone mineral density
Bone mineral density was determined by DXA (Challenger, DMS, Pérols, France). Measurements of the proximal femur were obtained including femoral neck, greater trochanter and Ward's triangle. The left femur was used for densitometry of the hip because this was used for HR-MRI of the tibia.
Magnetic resonance images were acquired with 3-T Signa systems (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and a four-element phased array coil (Nova Medical, Wilmington, MA, USA).
The patient was placed in the scanner in supine position; feet first, the knee in the homogeneous center of the field and head outside the inner bore of the MR scanner. A fast gradient echo sequence was first acquired to localize the image (TR = 23.1 ms, TE = 1.6 ms, flip angle = 65°, FOV = 28 cm, bandwidth = ±62.5 kHz, slice thickness = 5 mm, matrix = 256 × 128, NEX 1.00). Then, a phase-cycled fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition sequence was applied to obtain high-resolution axial images of the proximal tibia (TR = 12.3 ms, TE = 4.4 ms, flip angle = 60°, FOV = 18 cm, Bandwidth = ±97.6 kHz, slice thickness = 1 mm, matrix = 512 × 384, NEX 2.00). The spatial resolution was 0.35 × 0.35 × 1 mm3 and the whole scan time was about 11 min.
Images were analyzed using custom software created by following the procedure outlined by Majumdar
Prior to the quantitative analysis of the trabecular bone structure, Laplacian of Gaussian filter-based correction algorithm was applied. Image collection began from the metaphysis of the proximal tibia, immediately beneath the subchondral bone, and continued towards the shaft of the bone. The first and last eight images from each set of 36 images were eliminated from the analysis due to different radio frequencies. Moreover, the beginning of image collection varied slightly from patient to patient. Despite the subject-to-subject variation, the mean number of slices analyzed in each bone and in each group was consistent (20 images/bone). The mean value of the structural parameters was calculated from 20 images of each patient. Regions of interest (ROI) containing trabecular bone and marrow in the center of axial plane of the bone were segmented (based on the axial images) at the center of tibia in every image (see Figure
Figure 1
Regions of interest (ROI) containing trabecular bone and marrow in the center of axial plane of the bone
Regions of interest (ROI) containing trabecular bone and marrow in the center of axial plane of the bone.
In order to quantify the trabecular bone network, images were, firstly, segmented into a binarized image which contained bone phases in white and marrow phases in dark. During the analysis, the mean signal intensity of the entire ROI was obtained, and a histogram of the signal intensity distribution was plotted. The histogram of signal intensities of bone and marrow included a single peak and an asymmetric tail due to partial volume effect. A global threshold was calculated and the images were binarized into a bone phase and a marrow phase, as previously reported
All the segmented binarized images were scanned for pieces of trabecular bone by Ximagetools, which could divide one image into tens of single trabeculae fragment. Every piece of trabeculae was threaded and number of the pixel of the skeleton was calculated (see Figure
Figure 2
Trabeculae thread
Trabeculae thread.
A total of 15 parameters were derived into three categories as follows:
Primary outcomes
Structural and topological parameters were studied as primary outcomes.
Structural parameters
Structural parameters included the apparent trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), apparent trabecular number (Tb.N), apparent trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), apparent trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), mean trabecular area, mean trabecular perimeter, mean trabecular roundness and mean skeleton length
The total number of pixels contributing to the bone phase relative to the total number of binarized pixels was used to compute app BV/TV; app Tb.Th was computed as the ratio between the total areas of bone pixels relative to the skeleton length; app Tb.N and app Tb.Sp were calculated using app BV/TV and app Tb.Th
Mean trabecular area, mean trabecular perimeter and mean skeleton length were calculated by total trabecular area, perimeter and skeleton length in ROI relative to trabecular number, respectively. Trabecular roundness (R) was computed by the formula (R = 4π*S/C2, S represented area, C represented perimeter). The mean value of roundness was taken into the research.
Topological parameter
Euler number is a common index reflecting the connection degree of the complex trabecular bone network microstructure. If the value of Euler number is higher, it indicates poorer trabecular bone network connectivity. Euler number and other parameters, which are correlated with both bone quality and strength, have remarkable relevance. Euler number (E), the only topological parameter, was calculated by the difference in the number of connective trabeculae (n) and sealed bone cavity (m) in one unit area.
Secondary outcome
Texture parameter was studied as a secondary outcome.
Texture parameter
Texture parameter included energy, entropy, inertia, absolute value, inverse difference, contrast, angular second moment and inverse different moment. The texture of binarized MRI images reflected bone network directly. We applied spatial gray-level dependence matrix and gray-level difference matrix
Additional file 1
Texture parameters and image analysis methods.
Click here for file
Statistical analysis
All values were expressed as mean ± SD. A Mann–Whitney
To determine the potential association between Euler number and microstructural parameters, including BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th and Tb.Sp, textural parameters, including energy, entropy, inertia, absolute value, inverse difference, contrast, angular second moment and inverse different moment, bivariate correlation analysis was used first to calculate correlation coefficient by using Pearson's method. To avoid mixed effect from other parameters, partial correlation analysis was performed to find the structural or textural parameter, which related to Euler number more closely.
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate as to which structural or textural parameter was the most predictable index to influence BMD. Bone mineral density of femoral neck, great trochanter and Ward's triangle was selected as the dependent variable separately. A stepwise method was used to calculate the value of r2.
An SPSS 10.0 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all statistical procedures with the p value of <0.05 being considered significant.
The Mann–Whitney
All structural parameters, topology parameters and texture parameters calculated by HR-MRI images are listed in Table
There was no significant difference between the two groups in apparent trabecular number, mean trabecular area, mean trabecular perimeter, mean skeleton length, total skeleton length, energy, absolute value, inverse difference, angular second moment and other parameters (p > 0.05).
Bivariate correlation analysis showed that in OP group, app Tb.N (r=−0.478), app Tb.Sp (r = 0.503), mean trabecular area (r=−0.918), inertia (r = 0.600), absolute value (r = 0.595), inverse difference (r=−0.587), contrast (r = 0.542), inverse different moment (r=−0.585) were associated with Euler number. Partial correlation analysis showed that after the control of the eight indicators, respectively, only the average trabecular bone area was significantly associated with Euler number (r=−0.625). In OA group, bivariate correlation analysis showed App BV/TV (r=−0.559), mean trabecular area (r=−0.940), mean trabecular perimeter (r=−0.574), mean skeleton length (r=−0.529) were associated with Euler number. However, partial correlation analysis showed that when these four indicators were controlled, the correlation lost statistical significance (see Table
Multiple linear regression analysis showed that in OP group, inverse different moment was able to predict BMD of the femoral neck (r2 = 0.305, p < 0.05), while the contrast was also able to predict BMD of the greater trochanter (r2 = 0.250, p < 0.05) as well as Ward's triangle (r2 = 0.327, p < 0.01). In OA group, Euler number was the only parameter that was able to predict BMD of either femoral neck or Ward's triangle (r2 = 0.414, p < 0.01; r2 = 0.324, p < 0.01) (see Figure
Figure 3
Relationship between structural and texture parameters and BMD in OA (A and B) and OP patients (C, D and E)
Relationship between structural and texture parameters and BMD in OA (A and B) and OP patients (C, D and E). (A) BMD of femoral neck with Euler number; (B) BMD of Ward's triangle with Euler number; (C) BMD of femoral neck with IDM; (D) BMD of Ward's triangle with contrast; (E) BMD of greater trochanter with contrast.
The argument that OP and OA may exhibit an inverse relationship has been proposed 40 years ago. However, the real relationship between these two age-related diseases is still unclear. With the improvement of the understanding of OP, the role of trabecular bone microstructure is widely acknowledged. It is believed that 60% of the mechanical properties of bone depend on bone density, and the remaining may be associated with a number of factors related to bone quality
In this study, the structural parameters of the two disease groups of women had significant differences in apparent bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and mean roundness. Our findings also found that trabecular bone number had no statistical significance between OP and OA group. It was reported that trabecular number did not change with age in elderly
The thickness of trabecular bone tends to decrease when the trabecular bone space increases. It is generally accepted that trabecular bone thickness reduces along with age, but trabecular bone space gets increasingly wider. At the same time, OP makes this tendency to be increasingly serious regardless of human patients or animal models. Most of the authors think the change in OA patients is just the opposite, namely the trabecular bone thickness increases, which was the same with our results. But interestingly, although the trabecular bone thickness in OA group was higher than in OP group significantly, the difference between their trabecular bone spaces was not statistically significant.
Roundness is an indicator reflecting the morphology, and roundness of the object is related to value closer to 1. The more this value approaches to 1, the more the structure tends to blunt. As for a network, larger value of roundness implies good connectivity (low perimeter). In the current study, the mean roundness of trabecular bone in women with OP was significantly lower than OA group (p < 0.05), which suggested that the trabecular bone of women with OP was smaller or with less connectivity.
Our research also found that Euler number in the OP group was significantly higher than in OA group, which implied that the connectivity of trabecular bone network structure in OP patients was poorer and bone microstructure was severely damaged. Euler number is the common index reflecting bone connectivity
We must admit that this research has some limitations. First of all, the sample was still not big enough as a clinical study, and it was insufficient to completely evaluate the real relationship between OP and OA. The heterogeneity of the small sample size is also a drawback. However, we established strict criteria for case selection. Secondly, this series has not been able to integrate 'completely normal' control subjects. We also desired to gather age-matched normal people as control group to enhance the effectiveness of comparative studies. But in the same age scope, it was difficult to find postmenopausal women with no disease. The original experimental design intended to determine the erosion index of high-resolution images, which can reflect the degree of destruction of trabecular bone. But, the calculation of erosion index requires special software to carry out the three-dimensional reconstruction of the image. As the software was not currently available domestically, developing software from the beginning costs high and takes a longer time. The significance of Euler number overlaps with erosion index partly. However the index was not included in this study. We hope that with the development of appropriate computer hardware and software, this could be further improved. Lack of data on BMI is also a limitation of the study.
The reason why we chose proximal tibia area to evaluate the trabecular bone microstructure is that this area is more suitable for the coil which is used for HR MRI examination, and the fact that it had been chosen in earlier studies as well. We also tried to evaluate the hip area, but it needs bigger coil, which had poorer quality of HR images. We think it was also feasible to conduct the study had we chosen other area's BMD, like lumber. However, in our hospital, we examine the hip region as routine.
In summary, we found significant differences in the microstructure of the trabecular bone between postmenopausal women with OP and OA using HR-MRI at 3 T. These findings not only suggest totally different mechanism and progression of two common diseases, but also support the hypothesis that there is an inverse relationship between OA and OP. Euler number, which reflects the connectivity of trabecular bone network, was found to correlate with quite a few structural or textural parameters. The effect of textural parameters on structure or strength of trabecular bone substantiates the need for further longitudinal studies.
Competing interests
We declare that there is no competing interest in this study.
Authors' contributions
YS carried out acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. YHZ was involved in drafting of manuscript and revision of the same. LS designed and coordinated the study along with drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81000779).
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Boilerplate Disclaimer: The characters from the Kim Possible series are owned by Disney.
NoDrogs created the twins.
Out-of-Body Experience
In the morning Kim woke to see herself in bed beside her. She woke Shego, who looked over and smiled at herself. "This is weird, even for us," Kim commented.
Downstairs the kitchen was already crowded. Ron, in his old 'Kiss the Cook' apron made pancakes. Not that the smaller contingent needed more sugar - they had already been into their Halloween candy. Monique looked the women over, "You're really not yourselves?"
"Nope," Kim, in Shego's body, answered.
"You know, I hate to say I told you so, KP," Ron said as he poured batter on the griddle, "but I told you so."
Shego/Kim sighed "Wade and Doc are coming over to figure out how Kasy fouled up the brain switcher."
"Why do you blame me! You always blame me for stuff! You don't know that I did anything."
"It has your fingerprints all over it."
"I wore gloves."
"I mean, I would have worn gloves. If I did it. But I didn't. After the garden gnome I learned to wear gloves."
"It's missing a part," Wade told them after the examination with Drakken.
"Can you buy a new one?" Kim/Shego asked.
"One I built myself," the blue man muttered.
"We might be in trouble," Shego told Kim after the men left.
"What's the matter?"
"Well, after he had his… uh… accident Drakken had genius spells all the time. He'd throw together incredible stuff in hours. Then the genius fits got a little further apart. And further apart. That's when he started stealing stuff instead of making his own. Maybe he can figure it out, maybe he can't."
"He's got Wade now."
"Yeah, but… I just hope we don't have to bring back Zorpox."
Kim shuddered, "No way."
"What happened?" Will Du asked at lunch. His family would leave that afternoon.
"Someone grabbed a part, an important part," Kim reported glumly.
"Why are you looking at me!" Kasy demanded. "We had a whole house full of people."
"Motive, opportunity, and the necessary skill sets," Shego told her oldest daughter, staring at her with Kim's eyes. "You're the prime suspect."
"That is so unfair. I always get blamed!"
"You're usually the one who pulls something," Kim muttered.
In the late afternoon Wade called with bad news, "Doc doesn't remember what he did. I sketched a circuitry diagram and Joss and I are looking it over - but it's mad science. I'm not sure we can make anything."
"So what are you going to do tomorrow?" Bonnie asked at dinner.
"I don't know," Shego sighed. "I can't go in to court wearing Kim's body. She never passed the bar. Lawyer on the other side'll scream I'm Kim practicing law without a license." She reached for her glass, and knocked it over. "And I want my body back. I'm all clumsy because this body's a different size."
"I might go in to Global Justice," Kim answered. "It'd be fun leading a mission with plasma powers."
"Unless you start, like, three fires because you can't control it," Shego reminded her. "And don't hurt my body!"
"Fine, maybe I'll stay in my office and do paperwork."
Shego shrugged, "I guess I could do that also."
Kasy wondered how to 'find' the part without drawing attention to herself. She hadn't realized how important the piece was when she took it, and hadn't meant to cause this much trouble. But she objected to being called the prime suspect and didn't want to admit to her crime. Maybe she could frame someone… Monique and Will had left and couldn't defend themselves… Maybe Drakken and cousin Wade could make a new part…
Bonnie took Sheki shopping after school the next day. Kasy's grounding required her to stay at home. Kasy knew the grounding would be extended if they discovered she had taken the part, but Kim and Shego were so unhappy about their work days that she wanted them back in their own bodies. She hadn't meant for things to go this far.
It was worse at breakfast the next morning. Bonnie turned to Kim's body. "I thought Drakken came over late last night. Can he make the part?"
"No. I hope we don't get stuck here."
The pale green woman spoke up, "And Shego started to worry we might lose the house."
"Lose the house? How?" Kasy demanded.
"My job at the law firm pays the bills around here," the redhead answered. "This place is expensive. Your mom's job at Global Justice doesn't pay that much. Maybe in a year or so I can take the bar again, if I have to… We may be an apartment then."
Kasy slipped away from the table after breakfast and ran upstairs. She was in tears when she came down. "It's gone. I took it, but it isn't there any more."
"Found it last night," Shego told her.
"Drakken came over and switched us back," Kim finished.
"You're back? But…"
"We asked Jane and Sheki if we could look through their stuff," Shego told her.
"We knew you wouldn't hide it in your things. You'd want to be able to deny knowledge."
Shego chuckled, "Kid, you've got a mother who's an ex-thief and one who works for Global Justice. You thought you could pull one over on us?"
"My moms are so unfair!"


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THE term "Big Brother" has found new meaning as an East London man has launched a project to uplift pupils from underprivileged schools through a training and "adoption" programme by former Model C schools.
Buhle Ntsebeza came up with the idea two years ago of getting schools to work together with the aim of uplifting one another.
The project involves the former Model C schools – or more equipped schools – to assist in the training and development of pupils from less privileged schools. The training takes the form of extra-murals such as debating and drama as well as sports such as rugby, hockey, soccer and netball.
"Initially we wanted the government to come on board with this initiative," said Ntsebeza. "However, we quickly realised that they weren't really in sync with our plans and that our views were not the same at all."
Ntsebeza, the founder of Student Rule Magazine, which focuses on every aspect of a pupil's life, said they then decided to use funds generated by the magazine for the project.
"We are now funding this initiative on our own, without the help of the government.
"Funding from the government would help to accelerate the project, but even without it we are happy to continue doing what we do, at our own pace."
On Wednesday afternoon, pupils from Kusile Comprehensive School in Duncan Village trained with Selborne College's U16A rugby team. The afternoon consisted of a practice session and a 30-minute game between the two teams.
Selborne coach Phiwe Nomlomo said Ntsebeza was a friend of his and they both wanted to improve and promote rugby.
"I can't think of a better way of giving back," said Nomlomo.
Kusile teacher Zolani Dlova said sport at the school was slowly dying as pupils were not motivated and funds for the necessary equipment and kit were scarce.
"As a teacher, I am very grateful to see my boys playing and to see them being introduced to facilities that we don't have," said Dlova.
"This kind of integration is such a nice thing to see."
He said his pupils had been excited to visit "a Model C school".
"I actually wish I could turn back the years so that I, too, could be part of this amazing opportunity," said the teacher.
Kusile rugby captain Silindokuhle Zakade said he hoped this type of initiative would continue and that the team was grateful for the opportunity.
"It was a pleasure to be here. I wish we could have more days like these," he said.
"I would like to thank Ta Buhle and Students Rule for this opportunity . . . may God bless him for the human being he is and the love he has shown."


text:
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We trust them but thy use us, especially use retired people's retirement fund for thier scam skill, is unforgivable!
I wrote this, hope others don't get involves in any business related those Oil funds, president Kevin Boyles, VP Jim Wilson. If anyone know how can we get our money back please help and email me! A heart broken senior.
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|2004-09-10, 10:19
|Link #21
The Real Deal
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: UK
|2004-09-10, 10:31
|Link #23
Yeah, I said that!
Join Date: Sep 2004
New to the forum. Hiya!
Anyway... Naruto can't be channeling the 9-tails chakra fully yet. If that was the case, he "should" be totally unstoppable. Considering what the 4th had to do to stop 9-tails last time, I don't see anyone stopping a fully channeled 9-tails.
Or maybe this is the beginning of Naruto and the 9-tails chakra completely merging?
|2004-09-10, 10:35
|Link #24
Destroyer of Dreams
|2004-09-10, 11:03
|Link #27
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2004
I think you people are missing something. While Naruto has always maintained control previously, he may have lost that this time. That would indeed a be an "anomaly" and is something that's rather different. It also has some serious implications if the kyubi is indeed released.
|2004-09-10, 11:04
|Link #28
DEATH TO 4Kids
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Wouldn't you like to know
I knew this was going happen (not precisely though). Sasuke can never win this battle when the fact is Kyubi will constantly pump Naruto with more and more chakra to compensate for any of Naruto flaws and weaknesses. Even if Sasuke uses curse seal level 2 it would only lead to Naruto having more chakra and the further manifestation of Kyubi.
And everyone should probably expect more tails to manifest since it does possibly solve the problem of Naruto's body being too small to contain all of Kyubi's chakra but doesn't mean he still can't exhibit higher and higher levels of chakra with a limit that severely surpasses Sasuke's. IMO of course.
|2004-09-10, 11:23
|Link #29
Join Date: Mar 2004
Guys, cut out the dragon ball Z references. Yes Sasuke and Naruto are powering up back and forth but its for an important reason. The story line isn't getting ridiculous, its important to look into what is going on and I am sure it will play an important role later.
And by the way I love the power up stuff, can't wait til next week.
|2004-09-10, 11:35
|Link #31
Yeah, I said that!
Join Date: Sep 2004
This may all boil down to Naruto's willpower if it comes to that.
But for the moment, I don't see how Sasuke could competition with Naruto if he keeps channeling chakra from Kyuubi.
|2004-09-10, 11:58
|Link #33
Mashou no Tenshi
Hmm, just because nobody has mentioned it as a sign that Naruto is being taken over by the Nine tails... has everybody noticed the massive amounts of smoke coming from Naruto's seal region? He didn't just power-up and gain power and more chakra and bigger fangs, it looks as if weird stuff is happening around his seal.
|2004-09-10, 12:16
|Link #35
What you say?!?!
Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: In a place where I don't want to...
I definately enjoyed finally "seeing" what the sharingan sees, in terms of taijutsu. Good stuff. Not being able to read Japanese, I can probably guess what Kyuubi was thinking when it showed him before Naruto gained a fox manifestation.
Kyuubi: "WTF? Fuck this, kick Sasuke's pansy ass!"
And seriously, it will only get crazier as Naruto technically hasn't been pushed this hard both physically and mentally in any fight before this. Very interesting that he only has one tail. I'm assuming he will get more tails everytime there is more power given to him, like someone said earlier. LOL, if you think about it, this would technically be his 2nd-3rd kyuubi form. I wanna see him attack with his tail!
Everybody should stop with the DBZ similarities. DBZ is like the grandfather of shounen manga and Kishimoto is a big fan of Toriyama. When they start blowing up planets, then give up Naruto , but until then, you can't blame Kishimoto for Naruto's or Sasuke's power ups. It's a "somewhat" natural evolution of their powers. Shit, Naruto has one of the strongest demons living in him and is able to extract its power and Sasuke comes from one of the strongest clans in Konoha, not to mention he was bit by one of the Sannin with a jutsu that allows one to increase their power to their potential. Why WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY do they keep powering up? Who cares and enjoy the manga! But if Naruto does manage to sink half of the Fire Country into the ocean with a Gigantic "Cho Rasengan" in Kyuubi lvl 9, then I'll really start rolling.
EDIT: I was thinking about it right now and thought to myself... Naruto is pretty predictable even without the Sharingan. All Sasuke would have had to do initially is stick his fist out and have Naruto run into it with his Kyuubified speed. I'll give it to Sasuken for kicking him in the face though out of nowhere. And another thing I've realized (but I'm sure a majority of you have) is that this new form of Kyuubified Naruto is very similar to when he fought Haku. As to if he is coherent when battling will be another story. I do agree though that the smoke coming from Naruto's stomach was indeed interesting. Perhaps a part of the seal popped.
Last edited by Gevurah; 2004-10-26 at 03:35.
|2004-09-10, 12:46
|Link #37
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2004
Age: 38
I think you guys get over inflated expectations when you see the Genin fight each other. When used in regards to each other, it may look like they have killer moves and a ton of chakra, but if they were to fight a skilled Jounin I think they would get their ass totally handed to them.
Except of course for Naruto, as a side effect of having the Kyuubi inside him, I think the fox would keep pushing Naruto farther and farther during a deadly fight to the death until the point where either Naruto loses total control of his body or Naruto's body itself fails on him and the seal breaks releasing the Kyuubi.
|2004-09-10, 12:56
|Link #38
Break you limits
Join Date: Aug 2004
I have a fealing that this transformation could be something like gaaras?? Not full bigass size , just a chacra skin outside his body. The smoke from the seal is weird though. Maybe he wasnt in control of himself this time. cant wait for translation!!!
|2004-09-10, 12:56
|Link #39
Jaice Novak's Disciple
Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: Fayetteville, NC
By the time this fight is over, no one is going to remember why they were fighting in the first place. It was cool to see Sasuke read Naruto like a book report though. Seems that Naruto aint fast enough. Let's see how fast he is going to be now. I wanted Sasuke to win so Naruto could get stronger. Now I just want someone to win lol. And did it or did it not look like he saw right through Kage Bushin
|2004-09-10, 13:02
|Link #40
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: East Coast
Age: 31
I don't even read the manga, but i find this so damn interesting. Some1 has to stop this fight. Just imagine if Sasuke won, u know how many Sasuke Lovers would appear and just say "Sasuke is the best, THE GENIUS" and blah blah and if Naruto wins, the sasuke lovers would say "HE WON BECUZ OF KYUBI", so i just say Some1 come and stop it.
|Thread Tools


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Sterling Tumbles on Production Data, Kiwi Firm ahead of RBNZ
Sterling weakens broadly today on poor production data from UK. Industrial production dropped -0.4% mom, -1.5% yoy in January while manufacturing production dropped -0.9% mom and rose 0.2% yoy. Investors remain concerned with the momentum of recovery, fiscal deficit as well as political uncertainty in UK. BoE MPC member Adam Posen said that he hoped the bank is done with quantitative easing, but the comment offered little support to Sterling.
On the other hand commodity currencies are generally strong. Australian dollar rode on strong trade data from China. Chinese exports rose an impressive 45.7% in February, well past expectations, after another strong jump of 86% in January. Imports rose 44.7% and trade surplus narrowed to $7.61b. The sustained strength in China's trade is a source of support for global economy. As the top buying of Australia's exports and strong demand of commodities, it was particularly important in keeping Australia away from recession during the economic crisis. More in RBNZ to Hold Monetary Policy Unchanged. Focus on the Quarterly MPS
New Zealand dollar is also firm ahead of RBNZ rate decision. The RBNZ will likely leave the OCR at 2.5%, for the 11th month, at the March meeting. Therefore, the market will focus on the Monetary Policy Statement as well as how the central bank describe economic outlook. On the whole, we expect the RBNZ will deliver a neutral tone, if not slightly more dovish than January's, on the outlook as economic data released in recent weeks were rather mixed. The post- meeting statement should retain the reference that 'we would expect to begin removing policy stimulus around the middle of 2010'.
Elsewhere, dollar remains bounded in tight range against Euro, but yen is noticeably weaker. On the data front, Australia westpac consumer confidence rose 0.2% in March. Japan domestic CGPI dropped -1.5% yoy in February. Machine orders dropped -3.7% mom, -1.1% yoy in January. German trade surplus narrowed to EUR 8b in January. February CPI was revised up to 0.4% mom, 0.6% yoy.
Back to sterling's weakness, GBP/CAD dropped further to as low as 1.5270 today as the down trend continued. Outlook in the cross remains bearish as long as 1.5612 resistance holds and we'd expect more decline to 100% projection of 1.9299 to 1.6233 from 1.7890 at 1.4824 next.
img class=hand onload=resizeImg(this,450) src=http://www.actionforex.com/images/stories/contributors/actionforex/gbpcad20100310b.gif border=0 alt= />
USD/JPY Mid-Day Outlook
Daily Pivots: (S1) 89.62; (P) 89.97; (R1) 90.32; More.
USD/JPY rebounded strongly after drawing support from 4 hours 55 EMA but it's still limited below 90.68 resistance. Intraday bias remains neutral and more consolidations could still be seen. However, another rise would be mildly in favor as long as 89.19 minor support holds. Above 90.68 will bring rise resumption towards near term falling trend line (now at 91.48). On the downside, note that further break of 89.19 will argue that rebound from 88.13 is over and will flip intraday bias back to the downside for retesting this support instead.
In the bigger picture, with 87.36 support intact, there is no confirmation that rise from 84.81 is finished. Also, stronger than expected rebound from 88.13 mixed up the outlook in USD/JPY. We'd stay neutral for the moment. On the upside, break of 92.14 resistance will confirm that whole decline from 93.74 has completed with three waves down to 88.13 already. The corrective structure will in turn indicate that rise from 84.81 is still in progress for another high above 93.74. On the downside, break of 88.13 will reaffirm the bearish case that rise from 84.81 is completed at 93.74 already and will turn focus to 87.36 support for confirmation.


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Ferguson believes his squad now is better than the one which won the treble in 1999.
"I could have played a completely different team on Wednesday and I think we still would have got a result. It's not just the four strikers I could change, you could change the entire team now. There were good internationals who weren't even involved on Wednesday.
"It will be a different team when Madrid come here. One, two or three who didn't play on Wednesday could play in the second leg. As I said the other day, I've got all these international players, so why shouldn't I trust them?"
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Being an amiable guy is good for you and Jurgen Klopp is living proof.
Summer 2016 is set to be a very exciting time for football fans, as this is when the long awaited Euro 2016 tournament kicks off.


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Is this attraction good for small groups (less than four)?
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I am from Glasgow but had never seen much of Scotland so decided with my boyfriend, sister and her boyfriend that it would be a good idea to go. We paid £35 each (including £2 off...
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3 Days in Glasgow
One day in Glasgow
Guide to Glasgow Outdoors
Because I stay in Glasgow area I may be a bit unkind in giving the tour an average mark as I know from my experiences abroad how valuable a service it can be for tourists who do not have a lot of to spend in the city and I probably do not appreciate the beauty of Glasgow.
Glasgow today is not the Glasgow of yesteryear! Shipbuilding has dried up and the City has many fabulous attractions. Glasgow is underestimated as a destination. Guide books list the many sites to explore, but we keep finding wonderful attractions to visit. Kelvingrove Museum and Art Gallery is worth many visits. The Burrell Collection is fabulous. The City is quintessential "Scotland"....
I am from Glasgow but had never seen much of Scotland so decided with my boyfriend, sister and her boyfriend that it would be a good idea to go. We paid £35 each (including £2 off booking code) for a full day tour around Scotland, from Glasgow -> Loch Lomond -> Fort William -> Loch Ness -> Inverness, with a...
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i can not get the autoreply for the helpdesk working. i tired everything that was documented here. You previously told me to email support some zipped up spiceworks thing, but i didn't get to do that in time and you lcosed my ticket on this issue.
1 Reply
· · ·
Jan 23, 2009 at 4:55 UTC
Hi there,
After a certain timeframe has passed where we haven't heard from a client, a ticket gets closed.
If you're still having problems setting up e-mail, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com and give a description of the problem along with a detailed description of your configuration in Settings -> Email Settings and we'll help you out.


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I have been scouring the web for valuable insights on creating competitive tilesets that don't look generic.
I love that Reiner has put his tilesets online royalty free, but they're a little too generic tbh.
I have been trying to get my hands on the tilesets used by the folks at the now defunct Ensemble Studios (for games released more than a decade ago: Age of Empires 1&2) but I have had no success.
Anyone have any valuable links or insights on tileset creation especially for a more historically oriented action/strategy title?


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After three trying years in Europe, Jozy Altidore finally found a place that felt right, and a club that gave him the chance he had been working so hard for. The result has been a return to the goal-scoring ways that made Altidore such a highly-regarded prospect as a teenager with the New York Red Bulls.
Altidore enjoyed a dream season with Dutch club AZ Alkmaar, scoring 22 goals in all competitions, and finishing tied for seventh in the Eredivisie. Not everything worked out perfectly though. AZ blocked Altidore from joining U.S. national team camp on time, wanting him to get some rest after a long season. That move set his fitness level back for the national team by several weeks and ultimately costing him his starting place on the national team for the recent World Cup qualifiers against Antigua & Barbuda and Guatemala.
Though clearly unhappy with the circumstances, Altidore took it all in stride and is now focused on what lies ahead as he prepares for his next season in the Netherlands, and the remaining World Cup qualifying cycle, which he is intent on regaining his starting spot for.
Here is my FOX Soccer feature on Jozy Altidore, which covers Altidore discussing topics ranging from his relationship with AZ manager Gertjen Verbeek to being benched for the recent USMNT qualifiers. Altidore also discussed his critics, which he has more of than most 22-year olds.
Here are some outtakes from my extensive interview with Altidore:
ALTIDORE ON HIS FAILED LOAN AT XEREZ (where he never actually got to play)
It was definitely strange. I was told I was going to go there and play. It was supposed to be a media type thing. They had never been in the Primera Division and I was going to go there and help them get there. It'll be great for me. Then I land there and I'm told from the get-go that I'm not going to play. It was a tough situation for me, but it taught me that everything isn't always what it seems.
I think I gained and lost a bit. When I was younger and coming up with the Red Bulls, I was running at people, but since I've come to Europe I've had to become a hold-up player just because you have to be able to hold up the ball if you want to get minutes. I think when I went to Hull that part of my game really became a lot better.
I went to Villarreal and it wasn't what I thought it was going to be, or what they told me it was going to be like. I feel a world better (at AZ), finally being in a great place.
Sometimes when you're talking, especially with people that don't understand English, you have to talk how they talk so they understand what you're saying. It's not certainly that I'm growing this Brad Friedel thing. That's not happening man. It's just that if they talk to you in a funny way, and you talk to them (with an American accent) they're like 'huh?', so you have to throw that kind of flip on it so they can understand it.
You're always fighting for your position, that's obvious, but I think with the national team it's more a team-oriented thing. It's different on a club team. You're kind of out for yourself. It's still team-oriented, but then guys can be gone next year. With the national team, you're with these guys for the next 10 years so you have that connection.
I wanted to be there with the guys because I wanted to get the best out of it, but there was nothing I could do because my club said no. I couldn't even go train with a club team or anything because of the legal things and risking an injury.
I looked again at the uses of 'hate', and 'hateful' in some of the above comments. The word 'criticism' should have been used instead, in nearly all instances. Ex: 'I don't know why Jozy gets so much hate?' This should have been …gets so much 'criticism', not hate. By using the word hate, the writer confers that all others who disagree with him are bitter, spiteful individuals who spew only their venom at Jozy. There's no proof that's the case. 'Hate' is the wrong word because as used, it's name calling that tries to stifle all criticism.
Davy Crockett
Cherundolo doesn't get hate, but I get tired of seeing all these comments about "we need to start Lichaj (Chandler, Spector, Simek, name your RB)." It's not hate, but it's certainly not respect.
Then again, Jozy is the player who is often blasted by his "haters" for his half squatting stance in the team photo.
"Perhaps we should all follow that old adage from Grandma. If we don't have anything positive to say then we shouldn't say anything at all. What fun! Being a fan is not being a hater."
Then you would have very few postings.
This latest post sounds overly defensive, as if you have a problem with people calling you a hater for criticising Jozy.
If what you write about Jozy is fair and you can back up what you say about him,f++k them all.
If you can't back up what you say about Jozy with more than just "because I say so" ( I have seen this argument used on SBI ) then you deserve whatever venom is spewed your way.
On a forum like this your defense is the soundness and logic of your comments. You can't expect any protection from anyone or anything other than what Ives gives you since this is his blog and he is the ultimate authority.
I was under the impression that AZ played a formation somewhat similar to what Klinsmann is running. Care to elaborate a little? At the very least Jozy is playing the CF position almost exactly like he does at AZ.
One reason for the Jozy hate is because of his style. Even when he's trying his hardest, he never looks as if he is going full out–like a Herc Gomez for example. Jozy almost always seems to be jogging, which is why he gets labeled "lazy."
That said, having watched a number of his AZ games, he can definitely turn it on when he needs to.
UNRELATED to Jozy…but…just wanted to say I find the squat odd. Is it just me?? I have done it with team pics…all teams do it…but the front row always seems silly with everyone a bit different…and squatting over the grass pitch just seems a little odd to me. Maybe the US can be the one team that just has everyone stand in mass. Tall guys behind. Shorter guys in the front slightly between the two guys behind him…..or just like some TV show promo with everyone just in a "bunch" rather then two rows. Is the two row with squat some official FIFA rule? Its not a "serious" question….but I must admit I am a bit curious…
So Giovani dos Santos is the most skilled player in CONCACAF (his goals against USA and recently Brazil undeniable), but has not played minutes for Tottenham. So the minutes thing is overrated. This country will never win anything deny players like Adu the opportunity to carry the team and be creative. Let's see where Landon Donovan will carry you, oh he has not done crap in 10 years. Keep believing minutes is more important.
The hate Donovan has received is mainly from foreigners saying that he's not good enough for Europe(a ridiculous comment). Some say Dempsey is better than Donovan because of his European achievements. However, I haven't seen many people say Donovan shouldn't be a USMNT starter like I've seen with the other players I mentioned.
Old School
Giovanni dos Santos is talented but to call him the "most talented" while ignoring the hottest player in CONCACAF, Clint Dempsey, is biased and slightly ignorant.
I do ignore personal attacks, and calling someone a hater is just that. I treat it as name calling. I haven't expressed an opinion on Jozy or Adu on this thread, but here is your comment suggesting I did.
"If you can't back up what you say about Jozy with more than just "because I say so"
If directed at me, this is entirely made up. My only comment on this thread is about the misuse of the word 'hate' and how it is just juvenile name calling.
"My only comment on this thread is about the misuse of the word 'hate' and how it is just juvenile name calling."
not if you are actually hating, then it's factual and simply calling the hater out
Now Vic, remember we just had a big discussion on facts.
Can you prove that "The hate Donovan has received is mainly from foreigners saying that he's not good enough for Europe(a ridiculous comment)." ?
If you can't prove, and I sincerely doubt that you can, that then it's just your opinion which is fine.
However, it's the first time I've ever heard anyone have that point of view. The view that he's not good enough for Europe I've seen come mostly from Americans, i.e. they talk about how he choked there all the time. It's how he got his Landycakes nickname, something Americans call him not Europeans.
Donovan haters are fine with him starting;they don't have a choice. Since he broke on the scene he has always been an unquestioned starter, pretty much on merit (or because we had no one better, which is almost the same thing). So they just focus on other things.
In general, right back sometimes reminds me of first base in that it seems like anyone can play there. So there is almost always a comparatively long list of candidates for the position.
And USMNT fans are nothing if not fickle. Nothing is better than the guy they haven't seen much of because he hasn't screwed up enough yet.
I don't follow all your comments so I have no idea who you have written about and what youhave written about them.
What I wrote :
"If you can't back up what you say about Jozy with more than just "because I say so"
was rhetorical. If you haven't done that then my comment is irrelevant and I have no issue with you.


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Tim Lyon
Tim Lyon is the Digital Managing Editor for Townsquare Media. That makes him the "web dude in chief."
Accused Colorado movie theater shooter James Holmes made his first court appearance today. See the first video of him in the courtroom after the jump.
Here are the top 40 songs 103.7 the Loon is playing in March 2012.
Here are the top 40 songs 103.7 the Loon is playing in February 2012.
Rock legend Stevie Nicks played NYC's Central Park this morning, live on "Good Morning America." We have the highlights for you, including Nick's comments about rumblings of Fleetwood Mac touring and maybe even putting out another record.
When friends or family come to town hungry, what do you put on their St. Cloud Area Good Eats Bucket List? There's lots of great, local food out there. But...
U2 fans were not disappointed Saturday night. Despite the rain and a year's delay in the performance because of Bono's back troubles last summer, fans were treated to awesome show! Here ar
It's almost here -- the rescheduled massive U2 360 Tour Concert at TCF Bank Stadium. Take a look at progress on the stage and get some tips if you're heading to the big show.
Edmonton Oilers' center Gilbert Brule could have sworn he saw U2 frontman Bono hitchhiking on the side of a Canadian road Tuesday.
Kelsey Nichols, his girlfriend and the driver of the car that had allegedly just whizzed past the rock icon, had her doubts -- because why in the world would Bono be hitchhiking on the side of the road?
radioPup, the only mobile app that lets you to listen to 103.7 The Loon, is now available for Android users! Starting now, iPhone, iPod Touch, and Android users can listen to The Loon anytime, anywhere, for free.
Great news, Loon fans --- there's a revolution happening in radio and you're a part of it. No longer do you need a radio to listen to the radio. With our brand new radioPup app you can listen to 103.7 The Loon all day, anytime, anywhere, for free --- directly on your smart phone.
SuicideGirls is a community that celebrates alternative beauty and alternative culture from all over the world. Since 2001, tens of thousands of models have submitted millions of photos to their website hoping to become SuicideGirls. Meet today's Suicide Girl, Alectro.
Name: Alectro
Age: 22
Location: Canada
See photos of Alectro and her answers to the questionnaire after the jump.
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This website is part of the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) network
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
On 2 February 2015, British authorities reported an outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H7N7) on a chicken farm in Hampshire in the United Kingdom. Culling of the birds in the affected holding has started, with restriction and surveillance zones established, and investigations into how the birds became infected have been initiated.
Three persons who had been exposed to the flock reported an influenza-like illness or conjunctivitis, however no human infections with A(H7N7) or other respiratory viruses were identified.
Groups at risk for infection include people with occupational exposure to infected poultry, e.g. during the culling and destruction process when there are outbreaks on poultry farms. However, the risk for zoonotic transmission to the general public in EU/EEA countries is considered to be extremely low.
Outbreaks in poultry holdings caused by low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) viruses have been reported previously in Europe, causing infections in humans occupationally exposed to infected poultry . Such infections caused mild disease with influenza-like symptoms or conjunctivitis.
Read the risk assessment
Avian influenza in humans health topic


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Schueco ADS aluminium door systems
- Supplier:
- Schueco Australia
Schueco's ADS range of premium-quality aluminium door systems encompasses glazed doors, entrance doors and sliding doors – the latter including folding/sliding doors, lift-and-slide doors and panoramic doors.
Available as a non-thermally broken system or with thermal insulation to the highest industry standards, a Schueco ADS entrance door comes in seven basic depths allowing the system to provide greater levels of thermal insulation and acoustic performance, weather-tightness, security and the use of concealed hinges (minimum depth required: 65 mm).
This flexibility in use and the comprehensive nature of the Schueco ADS range means that whatever the application – whether it's a private domestic dwelling, a public building or a commercial development – there will be a Schueco ADS door that can provide a total solution.
With a standard maximum leaf weight of 200 kg and a standard height of 2500 mm, but with oversize options available, the ADS door offers architects real choice. Schueco ADS systems can be specified as single- or double-doors and there is a choice of contour shapes.
When combined with Schueco aluminium windows , Schueco ADS doors can help to give a building envelope a coherent overall design. The range is further complemented by an extensive portfolio of door fittings that includes attractive ergonomic handles, concealed hinges and an automatic multi-point locking system for the ultimate in security.
In addition to the standard Schueco ADS door system, there is the Schueco ADS HD (heavy duty) door range for areas subject to heavy use, for example in a shopping centre or other buildings frequently accessed by the public, such as a school or a hospital.
Fitted with barrel hinges, this door system is tested to 1 million cycles and therefore can be specified without question where durability is a key factor. In order to offer maximum design flexibility, Schueco ADS HD doors are available in basic depths of 65 mm, 70 mm and 75 mm.
Request more information
For brochures, pricing, samples, technical specs and more, contact the supplier directly or use the form below.
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ED Magedson – Founder
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EASY FINANCE AUTO573 BURNHAM AVE CALUMET CITY, Illinois United States of America
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Located at the heart of Marmaris, just 821 feet from the beach, DM Hotel offers a seasonal outdoor pool with a sun terrace offering free sun loungers. It also features a garden and free Wi-Fi in public areas. All rooms at Hotel DM include air conditioning and a safety deposit box. The private bathroom comes with a shower and free toiletires. All uints also have a balcony. A breakfast plate is served every morning. You can enjoy lunch and dinner at kinds of restaurant nearby the property. There is also an on-site bar. The reception works 24 hours a day, and provides airport shuttle services upon request. Marmaris's town centre and marina are 1,149 feet from DM. Dalaman Airport is 59.7 miles away.


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It is not every day that you are greeted at the front door by Luke Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Princess Leia, Yoda, RD2 and a platoon of Stormtroopers. But there again, it is not every day that you visit the Skywalker Ranch.
I am being treated to a rare tour of this, the nerve centre of the Star Wars creator George Lucas's empire. It is the headquarters of Lucasfilm, one of the largest independent film producers both in this galaxy and a galaxy far, far away. Located in the gorgeous Lucas Valley (no, it's not named after him – it's purely a coincidence), the secluded ranch situated in the remote highlands above San Francisco is a strictly private place.
The Skywalker Ranch, where Lucas plans all the key developments in the Star Wars universe, is a nirvana for stratospheric numbers of fans. It is no theme park, however, and the general public is not allowed in. So it is quite a coup to be admitted into these hallowed portals. It is like entering Geek Heaven.
Innocent passers-by would have no idea they were so close to Lucas's mother ship, the location where pre- and post-production on his work takes place. On the main road, there is no sign indicating you are at the Skywalker Ranch – merely a street number. I could tell you where it is, but then I'd have to kill you. You have to pass through a security checkpoint before driving up a long and winding road to the entrance, where the aforementioned Star Wars characters welcome you. Every corner of the beautifully designed, neo-Art Deco ranch, built in a fold of the Californian hills next to an idyllic lake, is a reminder that Lucas is responsible for the third most successful franchise in movie history (behind those very British characters James Bond and Harry Potter).
Over there is a life-sized figure of Obi-Wan Kenobi wielding a light sabre, and over here is a meticulously rendered picture of the main Star Wars characters playing in a rock band – Princess Leia, resplendent in bondage trousers, on lead vocals, Han Solo freaking out on lead guitar, Darth Vader saluting the crowd on bass, C3P0 and RD2 doing their robotic thing on keyboards and Chewbacca smashing the drums. At lunch, the "Bounty Hunter Buffet" in the main hall is serving "Yoda's Mixed Greens" (er, lettuce leaves) and "Genosian Mind Worms" (rather delicious, serpentine sweets).
The ranch is an enormous enterprise. Stretching over 3000 acres of Marin County, it has 200 employees, three restaurants, a baseball field, a fire station and its own police service. It produces wine, olive oil and beef.
I am here to learn about the making of the second series of Star Wars: The Clone Wars, the animated spin-off series charting the early adventures of Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker (who later, of course, metamorphoses into Darth Vader). The series builds towards the events portrayed in the six movies.
But it is merely one small cog in the immense Star Wars machine. It is a global industry that encompasses products as diverse as computer games, books, comics and Lego sets. You can buy a light sabre torch or a toy clone trooper voice changer (no, me neither). Or how about a Star Wars-branded watch, wrapping paper, sports bottle, mug or duvet cover? Truly, the Force is strong with the marketing department. Forbes.com has calculated that the income earned by the Star Wars franchise totals some $32.5bn.
Phrases from the movies – "may the Force be with you", "I've got a very bad feeling about this", "do or do not – there is no try", "beware of the dark side", "I am your father" and "the Force is strong with this one" – have passed into common usage and are constantly referenced in other movies, TV shows and adverts.
The franchise has a passionate following, encouraged on fan sites with names such as The Geeks of Doom and TheForce.Net . Even though there have inevitably been ups and downs over the years – certain fans feel the Force has weakened since The Phantom Menace was released in 1999 – Star Wars still appears to strike a chord with the 13-year-old in all of us. Its enduring popularity is proof that the geeks shall inherit the Earth.
So why, some 32 years after the first movie was released, does Lucas's empire continue to strike back? Why do Star Wars fans keep on supporting new manifestations of Obi-Wan Kenobi and co? Why do they carry on feeling the Force? That's what I'm at the Skywalker Ranch to find out.
Lucas himself reckons that the ideas the films – and all their myriad spin-offs – highlight are timeless. "Star Wars has always been based on classic archetypes," reflects the film-maker, whose net worth has been estimated at $3.9bn.
The director, who is also behind another enormously successful cinema franchise, the Indiana Jones cycle, continues: "With the original movies, those archetypes were packaged in such a way that appealed to audiences at the time, and I have been lucky that it's continued to resonate for so many years. With The Clone Wars, the messages and archetypes are similar, but we're appealing to a new generation."
It is true that in The Clone Wars Lucas is still tapping into mythic themes. "Even though we're a weekly series, I don't treat this like TV – I treat it like my movies," says the director, who also helmed American Graffiti. "My process doesn't change because we're in a different medium."
Lucas, 65, who still has very hands-on, day-to-day control of the operation, adds, "We're drawing on a lot of inspiration from the original films, but we're also looking at the things that influenced those films in the first place." The film-maker, who has acknowledged the influence that Kurosawa's movie The Hidden Fortress had on the first Star Wars film, A New Hope, goes on to outline his other inspirations. "We're integrating different genres, from westerns to war movies to Japanese cinema, and we're incorporating all of those various aesthetics into The Clone Wars."
As well as The Clone Wars, Lucas's organisation is planning a live-action TV series based on the original characters. But will it ever reach the stage of dying a slow death? Not according to the people at Lucasfilm, including vice president Howard Roffman, who has worked with Lucas for 29 years. "Do I worry about running out of inspiration?" asks Roffman. "No. There are so many new places to take the characters. The number of stories there are to tell is potentially limitless. The beauty of exploration in Star Wars is that you can take audiences to places they've never seen before. I'm always amazed at the ability of the franchise to reinvent itself."
For his part, Dave Filoni, the supervising director of The Clone Wars, is adamant that Star Wars can run and run. "It's a common phrase used around here: Star Wars is for ever," he asserts. "I think it still holds up incredibly well. People often ask me, 'isn't there enough Star Wars already?'. But I think we will always need that outlet of a galaxy far, far away."
'Star Wars: The Clone Wars' starts on Sky Movies tonight
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by CSC
Mar 01, 2008
Download Swiss Re is the second largest reinsurance company in the world, and aims to match its growth objectives with increased efficiency of its global operations. In support of this strategy, Swiss Re implemented a global platform on which to run streamlined P&C business administration processes, with the aim of reducing back-office administration costs and improving management information. With CSC's SICS/nt installed, a large part of Swiss Re's P&C business group now operates on a single platform.


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Herald the start of spring with the delightful Crocus Dorothy, which has dainty, goblet shaped flowers. Slightly smaller than the common crocus, Dorothy has a slight scent and its pretty yellow petals have bronze stripes on the outside. This ealier flowering bulb will start to make an appearance from early February and is equally at home in full sun or partial shade. Plant Dorothy in spring container displays, as a filler for a rockery or under trees and shrubs where they will naturalise and spread.
Important Features of Crocus Dorothy Bulbs:
Contents: 20 bulbs
Flower Colour: Yellow, bronze
Flowers from: Feb
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Frisco's 21st Annual Colorado Barbecue Challenge Brings Kansas City Flavor to the Colorado Rockies
Frisco hosts 70 national BBQ teams to compete from June 13-14, 2014
The first official state BBQ challenge was held in Frisco, Colorado in 1993, with only 12 teams – split almost 50-50 between Frisco-area professional and amateur chefs. During the first few years, the event was held at the Frisco Historic Park eventually growing to encompass two blocks of Main Street. Now in its 21st year, the Colorado BBQ Challenge extends over six blocks of Main Street Frisco and trickles onto many side streets.
The Colorado BBQ Challenge is a Kansas City Barbeque Society (KCBS) sanctioned competition. KCBS sanctions BBQ and grilling competitions across the U.S. and promotes barbeque as America's cuisine. In addition, KCBS has an extensive Certified Barbeque Judging program. It is the largest society of barbeque enthusiasts in the world. Winners of the Colorado BBQ Challenge in Frisco are eligible to compete in the American Royal – the World Series of Barbecue.
"When you attend a BBQ festival you expect a good time and exceptional BBQ. Frisco delivers both in a quintessential western mountain town on the shores of Dillon Reservoir and in the embrace of Mount Royal. This year we filled our BBQ competitor spots in record time. And that speaks not only to the love people feel for this festival, but also to the fierce competition which will deliver the best BBQ you'll have in Colorado this year," stated Nora Gilbertson, Event Manager for the Town of Frisco.
For the 3rd year, there will be an opportunity to run off a day of BBQ feasting with the Bacon Burner 6K run on Saturday, June 14th at 9:30 a.m. The Bacon Burner 6k is a 3.8 mile out-and-back run which will take place on a paved recreational path with great views of Dillon Reservoir, and which even includes a bacon aid station. All racers will receive a Bacon Burner t-shirt and all registrants 21 and older will also receive a free beer ticket to redeem at the BBQ Challenge. The race is open to all ages and abilities and strollers are welcome. Go to BaconBurner.com for registration.
The Colorado BBQ Challenge is the perfect event for everyone's inner foodie. And the chef demos on the Viking Chef Demonstration Stage provide the ideal setting for some incredible cooking inspiration. The Viking Stage will host five chefs who will bring the flavors of summer to Frisco on the Viking Chef Demonstration Stage. There will be 4 local chefs and celebrity Chef Kelly Liken of Restaurant Kelly Liken in Vail. Chef Liken has appeared on the Food Network's Iron Chef America, NBC TODAY Show, as well as a contestant on Bravo's Season 7 of Top Chef D.C. and is a participating chef for the James Beard national Celebrity Chef Tour.
The Breckenridge Distillery Whiskey Tour is the perfect event if you are interested in learning more about BBQ and whiskey. An inside look into the world of competition BBQ, this tour elegantly illustrates that rubs, sticks, pellets, temperature and cut can mean the difference between good food and BBQ acclaim. And the whiskey tasting will bring into focus what it takes to create award winning craft spirits. Tickets are $100 per person and are available at FriscoBBQ.com.
The Colorado BBQ Challenge is open to the public with free live music including a kick off concert on June 12 at 8:00 pm with the London Souls. The live music continues at the BBQ challenge on Friday and Saturday including: Mile High 101 Rock Band, Naïve Melodies, the Tab Benoit Band, Beau Thomas, Charlie Hunter, Rebirth Brass Band and Bonerama.
Kids are not forgotten at the Colorado BBQ Challenge. Not only are there pig races, street performers, bounce houses and kid friendly hamster balls, there is also a kids' BBQ competition, Kids Q, on Friday night. The Kids Q has 2 age groups, 10 and under and 11-15. Grills will be provided in a designated kids BBQ area. A parent must be present with the child throughout the entire cooking process and parents may help. Anything goes in this contest so kids may prepare whatever they like. Go to FriscoBBQ.com to register.
Over the past 20 years the Town of Frisco has partnered with non-profits to put on the BBQ Challenge and over $800,000 has been for non-profits during that time. This year proceeds from the Colorado BBQ Challenge will benefit more than 6 non-profits, including Advocates for Victims of Assault, the Colorado Restaurant Association-
For more details about the Colorado Barbeque Challenge, lodging specials and activities, visit FriscoBBQ.com or call 1-800-424-1554.
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text: ORANGE, Calif., June 21, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Ormco Corporation, a leading manufacturer and provider of advanced orthodontic technology and services, today announced that its Insignia™ Advanced Smile Design™ received the 2013 American Technology Award in Health & Medical Technologies from the TechAmerica Foundation. This award is presented to the top product or service that improves the delivery of health services. The honor was presented at the Eleventh Annual Technology and Government Dinner hosted last night at the Ronald Regan Building in Washington, D.C. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130621/LA36154LOGO) Insignia Advanced Smile Design is an orthodontic software and application system that combines 3-D diagnostic technology and interactive treatment planning to deliver a completely customized solution from initial smile design to fabrication of patient-specific aligners, brackets and wires. "It is an honor to be a winner of this year's American Technology Awards," said Vicente Reynal, President of Ormco. "The orthodontic industry is changing from what it was a decade ago, or even five years ago and we're thrilled to be recognized as a contributor to its advancement. In the age of digital treatment options we believe Insignia is the ideal solution for patients seeking superior clinical outcomes and faster orthodontic treatment with fewer appointments." Insignia allows orthodontists to provide a true one-of-a-kind smile, as each bracket is reverse engineered to the final smile design. It provides patients with a digital preview of their final smile before starting treatment and the precision bracket placement is proven to reduce treatment time by up to 37 percent. Additionally, Insignia offers the world's most expansive menu of treatment options, including Insignia Clearguide™ Express, Damon® Clear™, Damon Q™, Inspire ICE™, and completely customized self-ligating and traditional twin appliances, making it the natural evolution in appliance choice.


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BeschreibungThis collection of articles by leading scholars traces the history of Brazilian pop music through the twentieth-century.
PortraitCharles A. Perrone (PhD Texas 1985) is Professor of Portuguese and Luso-Brazilian Literature and Culture at the University of Florida. He is the author of Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Song: MPB 1965-1985 (Texas, 1989), Seven Faces: Brazilian Poetry since Modernism (Duke, 1996) and translators/editor of several books. He lives in Jacksonville, FL.Christopher Dunn (Ph D Brown 1996) is Assistant Professor at Tulane University, where he holds a joint appointment in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and in the African and African Diaspora Studies Program. He is the author of a forthcoming book on the Tropicalist movement in Brazil and a contributor to Encarta on Afro-Brazilian topics including new popular music. He lives in New Orleans, LA.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: ROUTLEDGE CHAPMAN HALL
Erscheinungsdatum: Oktober 2001
Seitenanzahl: 288 Seiten
Format: kartoniert


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The interplay of dyadic and individual planning of pelvic-floor exercise in prostate-cancer patients following radical prostatectomy
- First Online:
- Received:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-012-9416-2
- Cite this article as:
- Burkert, S., Knoll, N., Luszczynska, A. et al. J Behav Med (2012) 35: 305. doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9416-2
- Citations
- 333 Downloads
This study broadens the current understanding of the role of planning by focusing on the interplay between individual and dyadic planning (i.e. making plans about the target person's behaviour together with a partner). Self-report data from N = 141 prostatectomy-patients and their partners were assessed at three times within 1 year post-surgery. Direct and indirect effects of dyadic and individual planning on patients' pelvic-floor exercise (PFE) were tested. Proposed mediators were social support, social control, and action control. Cross-sectionally, the dyadic planning–PFE relationship was mediated by patients' received support and partners' provided social control. Longitudinally, mediators of dyadic planning were partners' provided social control and support. Effects of individual planning on PFE were mediated by action control at baseline only. Also, at lower levels of individual planning, patients' dyadic planning was more strongly associated with receipt of social control. Results underscore the importance of social factors in the planning process and its mechanisms in health-behaviour change.


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161 years a misspelling: NY Times corrects story on 'Slave' subject
By Chris Francescani
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The New York Times on Tuesday corrected a 161-year-old story about Solomon Northup, whose memoir was the basis for the Academy Award-winning movie "12 Years a Slave."
The January 20, 1853, article, headlined "The Kidnapping Case," tells the story of Northup, a black man born free in the northern United States, who was kidnapped in Washington D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery in Louisiana.
That article misspelled Northup's surname, referring to him as "Solomon Northrop," while its headline misspelled it as "Northrup," according to the correction, which followed Sunday's Oscars ceremony, where the film based on Northup's experience was named Best Picture.
The correction followed a series of Twitter posts from best-selling author Rebecca Skloot, whose tweets about the article contained their own typographical errors.
Skloot is the author "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" a bestseller in 2010. Lacks was a poor black Virginia tobacco farmer whose cancerous tumor cells were taken without her knowledge in 1951, and used to create an "immortal cell line" that proved key in developing the polio vaccine, gene mapping and other medical research breakthroughs.
On Monday, Skloot tweeted "Original 1953 NYTimes article on kidnapping of Solomon Northrup #12YearsASlave #history" and provided a link, which was later amended, or "fixed," as she noted in a retweet.
She then retweeted her first post, adding: "Uh, make that 1853," after a follower pointed out her error.
Even as it corrected its own error, the Times noted that its original article on Northup had been billed as "a more complete and authentic record than has yet appeared." Continued...


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BITS Institute Of Physiotherapy
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BITS Institute Of Physiotherapy is situated at BITS Institute of Physiotherapy Vadodara - Mumbai NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara - 391 240 Gujarat, India. in Vadodara.
Courses Offered
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- Bachelor of Physiotherapy-B.P.Th.
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BITS Institute Of Physiotherapy - BITSIP
BITS Institute of Physiotherapy is running Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT) course from the academic year 2014-15 with the annual intake of 50. Physiotherapy is a health profession primarily concerned with the remediation of impairments and disabilities of the patients. It promotes mobility, functional ability, quality of life and movement potential through examination, evaluation, diagnosis and physical intervention of the patients. Our institute enables the shaping of the students to become successful Physiotherapists and thereby helping the patients to recover faster. Our institute is approved by Government of Gujarat, affiliated to Gujarat university and is recognized by the I.A.P (Indian Association of Physiotherapists). We have well trained faculties, who are specialized in various streams of Physiotherapy. This institute has therapeutic labs with advanced equipment for teaching Physiotherapy skills to the students. We also run OPD for the patient consultation and treatment. The institute regularly organizes Physiotherapy camps for the health awareness, especially for the rural areas around the city. The students are provided with the regular hospital visits with an aim to enhance their practical skills. The institute runs with the motivation and vision of our Hon'ble chairman sir, Shri Jagdishbhai Patel. To excel in the art of empowering health professionals to foster global competence through advanced technology and research inculcating ethics and values. Mission of BITS is 'to impart learner centered education for excellence in knowledge, skills and attitude in providing holistic health care services to the society with compassion, commitment, confidence and conviction.'
Why join Bits Institute of Physiotherapy
Enables the shaping of the students to become successful Physiotherapists.
1 Type Courses Available
- 1 UG Courses
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More than 300 Physiotherapy books and 10 National and International journals are available. The whole Library Management System is made fully automated where in the students uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification System) for various functioning like book search, issue and return. The quality of education and training offered at BITS edu campus equip the students with a range of skills and knowledge which are consistently in high demand amongst the employers. The relevant professional and vocational nature of the course combined with the expert lectures ensures that graduates from BITS edu campus always have a cutting edge in their pursuit of high growth careers. Affiliated to Gujarat University and approved by Indian Association of Physiotherapist, BITS edu campus offers the following taught program. The college has five main laboratories equipped with the latest physiotherapy instruments and study material. Very well stocked Anatomy Lab with Human Skeletons, set of bones, visceral organ specimen, model charts and posters.
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