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ED Magedson – Founder
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Glo Financial Services5330 Bloor Street Toronto Ontario, British Columbia United States of America
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 11/16/2012 11:07 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/glo-financial-services/toronto-ontario-british-columbia-/glo-financial-services-steven-bass-jessica-burton-latonia-tedeson-janet-burton-scam-o-970179. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - November 27, 1991, New Braunfels, Texas HerakJZt/fung, New Braunfels, Texas Wednesday, November 27, 1991 A walk for hunger ZSL SA Fire calls The fifth annual Crop Walk Sunday raised money for the SOS Food Pantry of New Braunfels. This year the walk was spearheaded by local churches, high school and middle school student councils. Pictured from left, Cooper Cochran, Chris Snider, Erin Perkins and Stephanie Billick. (Photo by Karla Wenzel) Board votes to refinance debt By LARRY ROWE 8ttff Writer In hopes of $1 million in savings, the New Braunfels Utilities board of trustees agreed Monday to move toward refinancing the debt on the Canyon hydro-electric plant. If approved, the refinancing essentially means that NBU would issue new bonds at today's lower interest rate to pay off the previous, higher-rate bonds, said NBU General Manager Bob Sohn. "You wind up paying less by a million dollars than you would be by paying the old bonds," Sohn said. James Cooksey, controller for the Guadalupe-Bianco River Authority of Texas, told the trustees, "I'm confident that we'll save at least $900,000 unless the market goes really sour for us between now and next week " The river authority built the plant and now maintains and operates it. NBU benefits from the electricity produced. A total of $13.9 million in revenue bonds for the facility was issued in 1987 at an interest rate of 8.6 percent. But in 1991, the rate began to drop dramatically. The interest rate now is down in the range of 6.9 percent. About $13 million in debt remains on the plant. Underwriters now will take the bonds to market to determine if the interest rate at which they can sell them actually is low enough to produce net savings of at least $900,000. NBU board President E.C. Mom- hinweg is charged with approving or rejecting the deal in early December based on the market's outlook. The board unanimously approved the terms and conditions of the refinancing, which were carried in three documents — the official statement, the bond resolution and the bond purchase agreement. The official statement by the trustees explains everything a bond buyer would want to know about the bond issue and the utilities. The resolution is a legal document defining the terms of the bond sale. And the agreement states that the bond buyer understands the conditions of the sale. Sohn said refinancing the debt would not extend it. The bonds are scheduled to be paid off in the year 2016. As a gesture of cooperation, NBU and river authority officials and financial advisers went to a City Council workshop after the trustees' meeting in order to present the refinancing plan. The council later unanimously approved a resolution to ratify the adoption of the board's actions. In 1986, the New Braunfels City Council gave the NBU trustees complete authority to deal with any financing of the Canyon Lake project, so the trustees actually do not need the council's approval for the refinancing, Sohn said. The underwriters who will take the bonds to market are the Chicago-based John Nuveen Co. M.E. Allison Co. bf San Antonio. New Braunfels Emergency Medical Service and fire calls from 7 a.m. Nov. 22 to 7 a.m. Nov. 25: Friday 9:02 am. — EMS; 200 block of Gruene Rd. to McKenna Memorial Hospital; medical emergency. 10:16 — EMS; 1400 block of Texas 46 to McKenna; medical emergency. 2:10 pm. — McKenna to Methodist Hospital, San Antonio; cardiac emergency transfer. 3:03 — EMS; Seville at Interstate 35 to McKenna; motor vehicle accident/transport two. 3:03 — EMS; Seville at Interstate 35; assist EMS. 4:53 — NBFD; 145 N. Castelli electrical fire/bad ballast. 11:17 — NBFD; HOO block of Oasis; assist EMS. Saturday 10:01 am. — EMS; 1400 block of W. Mill to McKenna; medical emergency. 2:56 p.m. — EMS; Slumber Falls Campground to McKenna; medical emergency. 3:36 — EMS; HOO block of Church Hill Drive to McKenna; medical emergency. 7:03 — EMS; McKenna to St. Lukes Hospital, San Antonio; cardiac emergency transfer. 10:54 — EMS; 600 block of Bavarian to McKenna; medical emergency. Sunday 1:34 am. — NBFD; Wald Road at Krueger Canyon; smoke odor. 11:18 — EMS; McKenna to Humana Hospital, San Antonio; cardiac emergency transfer. 1:12 pm. — NBFD; 600 block of U.S. 81; steam from car. 4:03 — EMS; Kirkwood Manor to McKenna; medical emergency. 10:35 — EMS; Linde Apartments to McKenna; medical emergency. * OIL PRICES PLUMMET OU- LUBE & FILTER I sap av aaa* Our mtmcc tndudwia to S quarts of taor tans (XI, or a mg snflMi* sum we I n*w (jdSftr UMH fat feta* arar* at Mobil 1474 a Bogum Avo. Now Braunfels 620-7000 Mon -Sat. Open 800 AM Marriage license The following persons have received a marriage license from the Comal County Clerk's Office. Ronald Lynn Meadows and Karen Dianne Messenger of Marion. Kenneth Jerry Halek and Celia Rosales Garcia of New Braunfels. Thomas Richard Hartman and Nancy Ann Motz of New Braunfels. Mathew Thomas Bowen and Teresa Lyne Foster of New Braunfels. Dwight Alan James and LeiiUa Coral Raines Volkman of Universal City. Oilbcno Rodriguez and Anna Garcia of New Braunfels. Alfonso Morales and Amelia Molina of New Braunfels. Reuben Oeorge Wilburn and Daphne Lea Johnson of New Braunfels. Preston Francis McKinney and Anne DuBose of Cibolo. Jeffrey Dale Dietert and Bobbie Jo Henk of New Braunfels. George Dale Curry and Kathleen Trucksess of Marion. Kenneth Wayne Preusser and Rhonda Lenee Raabe of New Braunfels. David Lee Vanclervcen and Lana Melynda Mills of Canyon Lake. Ricky Lane Wilson and Barbara Stiff Wilson of Bulverde. Jeremy Rowell Fieldscnd and Debra Elizabeth Huitt of New Braunfels. John Darrell Griffith and Teresa Perales of New Braunfels. Louis Dewey Lynch Jr. mid Doris Zerbcl Steubing of San Antonio. Richard Martin Randow and June Wilson Price of New Braunfels. Carl lr ansu Ho/heuxer and Karen Sue Merdian of New Braunfels. Ruben Marcus Corte/. Jr. and Patricia Ramirez of New Braunfels. Kenneth Roy Seidel Jr. and Janet Kenee Dirst of New Braunfels. Ronald Loyd Rudolph and Patsy Laverne Rudolph of New Braunfels. Mark Allen Hartman and Kandi Lee McKinney of New Braunfels. Edwin Paul Donhauser and Shan-nab Christine Doege of New Braunfels. Michael Lewis Hutchinson and Juliana Alberta Chesnavage of San Antonio. Byron Keith Setter and Alison Ann Schraeder of New Braunfels. James Drury West and Carlina Villein of San Antonio. Donald Ray Mc Broom and Bton-wyn Ann Wilson of New Braunfels. Michael Francis Rcdfem and Collette Coe Redfcm of San Antonio. Defensive Driving Classes Saturday and Evening Classes Available Classes held at Holiday Inn Monday ft Wednesday, Dec.2 * 4 6:00-10:1 Saturday, Dec. 14 8:00-5:00 Safety First 625-3'73Sii Our of Excellence Great Lunch Specials Daily! 6c<^$3.95 to $4.95 \ OPEN EVERYDAY Taste the Homemade Difference 541 Hwy. 46 (I blk. South 1-35) 625-3280 Greg Gunderson New Braunfels 620-0131 ' Lutheran Brotherhood ls proud to be served by Kelton Lange and dreg Gunderson. Their commitment to excellence and integrity has made them a great asset to Lutheran Brotherhood and to all the Lutherans thev serve in tire Seguin/Neuf Braunfels area. It you're looking tor quality hruincial products and quality service, call Kelton or Cleg today. ft RUH ION RROmtRHOOD V Knolly ut finaiHiai service* lor Lutheran! Bob Bcgku, GLU, CUK-Caicidi /Went Auiun, T X /B73o ;
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ED Magedson – Founder
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Lincoln technical institute308 west rt38 moorestown nj 08057 Internet United States of America
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 03/12/2012 02:19 PM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/lincoln-technical-institute/internet/lincoln-technical-institute-pay-pay-you-wont-learn-jack-today-internet-internet-852684. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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Talk:Eressea Dawnsinger
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Her name has got to be a reference to Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Island, from Tolkien's mythos. Xavius, the Satyr Lord 22:05, January 30, 2010 (UTC)
- What resemblance is there apart from the name? --User:Gourra/Sig2 17:35, January 31, 2010 (UTC)


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Tuesday, August 5, 2014
Charlotte Rampling & NARS
9 comments:
Me too....she looks fabulous! xxReplyDelete
I concur, dear Marsha. Just hope there's not too much photoshopping. Kind of defeats the purpose; mind you they are still in the campaign. Thank you for visiting Flora. I appreciate that you give me encouragement and kind words.ReplyDelete
She is the most enigmatic woman, something very powerful & beautiful behind that face. Helen xxReplyDelete
Hello MarshaReplyDelete
Charlotte has such mystique, style and grace. Happy to see the advertisers are appreciating this form of maturity and beauty.
Hope your summer is going swell
I have always like her. She's such a great actress!ReplyDelete
WOW, I want to look like this when I'm that age! I don't have too far to go if the good Lord accords a few more years to me! Marsha, what glamor and grace are found here. Thank you for visiting!ReplyDelete
Hi Marsha, Congrats oh so excited for you. This is such an honor and your home so deserving. I cannot wait to see you in the next issue.ReplyDelete
She is awesome and bravo to Nars for featuring her. I love it too!!ReplyDelete
xo ~J
I have always been an admirer of Charlotte Rampling. She is a beautiful woman. Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for your wonderful comments, each of them mean so much to me. After all, the interaction is the reason we blog. xx's


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ED Magedson – Founder
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Valore Books, LLC255 Great Arrow Ave Ste 5 Buffalo, New York U.S.A.
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 07/17/2008 07:15 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/valore-books-llc/buffalo-new-york/valore-books-llc-dont-sell-textbooks-back-to-valore-books-buffalo-new-york-352257. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year.
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My husband and I were elated when we discovered his parents planned on being in Florida at the same time with us. They thought it would be the perfect way to escape the cold and spend time with their grand kids.
They also offered to watch the kids so Mr. MBA and I could go on a cruise! It seemed like the perfect getaway! Seven days of us time! Sailing out on the open seas!
Neither of us had been on a cruise before and everyone told us we would love it! Perhaps, our expectations were too high! But we didn't love it! Don't get me wrong - It was a great trip! We got to sample several unexplored destinations.
But on board the ship we felt like we were herded cattle, waiting in line, showing our sea pass card every five seconds...You would walk to the pool to find no chairs, go to the top deck, to be crammed next to a gazillion other people, up, close, and personal with the all of their unmentionables.
Of course, the food and the service was amazing! But we realized we like the feeling of being in one destination, exploring our surroundings, escaping the crowds by walking on the beach or in a park, trying off beat restaurants, and bartering in the neighboring market place.
Unfortunately, on a cruise ship you don't have that opportunity to explore , instead you wander down the over-priced promenade with the feeling of passing time at an airport. I believe traveling is about exploring unknown territories and escaping your own cornered box. Freedom of the Seas didn't feel like it owned up to its name. And it was a very stifling experience.
It was great to escape the cold, spend time with my husband, but it also felt great to get back on land. Where I didn't have to be told when to eat, when to be back on ship, or how much extra something costs. I guess cruising isn't for everyone! But I'm glad I had the opportunity to test it out, visit the Eastern Caribbean, and begin making plans for next winter vacation.
St. Martin here I come! And it won't be just a six-hour stop!
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Politics Mixes With Baseball Playoffs As Dodgers Player Refuses To Stay In Trump Hotel
As this year's US presidential campaign hots up to be the nastiest, most deeply divided one since perhaps the Civil War in the 1860s, the all-American sport of baseball - once thought to be the ultimate uniter of Americans - has also become involved in the rancor when it turns out that earlier in the season the Los Angeles Dodgers player Adrian Gonzalez refused to stay at the Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago.
While the rest of the team stayed at the luxury hotel back in May when LA flew to the Windy City to play four matches against the Chicago Cubs, Gonzalez demanded that his team find him alternative accommodations. Telling reporters this week about the episode, Gonzalez simply said that he "had his reasons" for not wanting to set foot in any place that has the Trump name over the door.
This is all coming up now, of course, as the Dodgers are back in Chicago right now to face the Cubs in the playoffs for the World Series. This time around, none of the team are staying at Trump's hotel.
Without defining his reasons, Gonzalez, a Mexican-American born in Tijuana, said, "You can draw your own conclusions [as to why he didn't stay at the Trump International]. They're probably right."


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Jennie Edmundson Hospital - Human Resources Personnel telephone number is (712) 396-6050.
Telefax: No fax number available
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Biz owner? Moderate reviews or edit listing.
Search entire category for Clinics
Clinics, in Council Bluffs, are health care units that tend to health needs and emergencies, besides providing pharmacy services, promoting health education, preventing and spreading awareness of diseases in Council Bluffs.


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Toll Free: 1-888-928-9744
Published: Mar 31, 2016 | Pages: 21 | Publisher: GlobalData | Industry: Energy | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)
Angola Mafumeira Complex Project Panorama - Oil and Gas Upstream Analysis Report Summary Angola Mafumeira Complex Project Panorama, GlobalData's latest release, presents a comprehensive overview of the asset. This upstream report includes detailed qualitative and quantitative information on the asset, provides a full economic assessment and reflects several parameters including (but not limited to) geological profile, asset development and specific challenges. Based on this analysis, future outlook for the asset is presented with possible trends and related scenarios identifying upside/downside potential. Scope - Overview of the asset based on an analysis of the economic indicators - Key financial indicators including Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return - Review of factors affecting the economic outcome of the field including development overview, geology, challenges, reserves and production with qualitative perspective on of the overall assets life with GlobalData's analysis on the asset's future outlook - Detailed production profile for the asset, giving annual output rates for each commodity produced - Cash flow statements from our economic analysis of the asset including capital expenditures, operating expenditures and tax liability - Individual valuations for equity holders - Sensitivity analysis for asset value considering a range of factors Reasons to Buy - Understand the economic and non-economic factors that affect production of an asset - Benefit from an asset valuation derived from detailed research and modeling by our analysts - Basic view of various scenarios and its effect on the asset for risk or strategy planning - Utilize the quantitative and qualitative evaluation to ascertain trends within the region to inform decision making - Identify economic trends of an asset to determine investment requirements
Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents 1 1.1 List of Tables 2 1.2 List of Figures 2 2 Project Panorama 3 3 Project Update 4 4 Outlook 5 5 Asset Summary 6 6 Development Overview 11 7 Geology 12 8 Challenges 13 9 Reserves and Production 14 10 Economic Analysis 17 11 Appendix 21 11.1 Contact Us 21 11.2 Disclaimer 21
List of Tables
Table 1: Project Details 3 Table 2: Participation Overview 6 Table 3: Key Valuation Metrics 6 Table 4: Asset Valuation Metrics 8 Table 5: Cash Flow Summary 9 Table 6: Fiscal Take Summary 9 Table 7: Production Summary 15 Table 8: Production Data 15 Table 9: Project Cash Flow 19
List of Figures
Figure 1: Annual Cash Flow 7 Figure 2: Full Cycle Expenditure And Revenue Split 7 Figure 3: Remaining Expenditure And Revenue Split 8 Figure 4: NPV Sensitivity 9 Figure 5: Percentage NPV Difference 10 Figure 6: Production 14
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If you need to change or cancel your reservation: To avoid being billed for your room, please change or cancel prior to 6:00 PM Central time on your check-in date. Cancel times and dates may vary. Please contact your reserved Red Roof Inn directly, or 1-800 REDROOF, to cancel your reservation.
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Enjoy free continental breakfast daily from 6am-9am. Stay connected by visiting our on-site business center or utilizing in room WiFi. You can relax with a swim in our outdoor seasonal pool, which is open May through September. We offer a coin laundry, interior coridoors, and an elevator. All rooms offer in-room coffee makers, hair dryers, clock radios, free unlimited local calls, voicemail, cable televsion, iron and ironing board. Select rooms offer microwave/refrigerator units. Free WiFi is also available. One well behaved family pet per room is welcome.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 10, 1997
|Filing date
|Nov 22, 1991
|Priority date
|Mar 31, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenneth E. Atkins
|Original Assignee
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (47), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (18), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of prior U.S. application Ser. No. 331,696 filed Mar. 31, 1989, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
Unsaturated polyester resins are widely employed commercially in a variety of reinforced fabrication systems including among others matched metal-die compression, transfer, pultrusion and injection molding. These systems involve curing a formulated compound at high temperatures and pressures in hardened and chrome plated molds. These methods provide the highest volume and highest part uniformity of any thermoset molding technique.
For the purposes of the descriptions dealt with herein, these resins are characterized in terms of systems containing them, and the systems encompass the following types:
1. Resin systems free of reinforcement. This is a resin system utilizes a thermosettable resin that is designed to be used as such or with reinforcement at the high temperatures and pressures utilized in a variety of reinforced fabrication systems including among others matched metal-die compression, transfer, pultrusion and injection molding. When the term "resin system" is used herein, such contemplates a composition using a thermosettable resin that is free of reinforcement, fibrous or non-fibrous, unless it is specifically indicated to contain reinforcement as contemplated in the definitions which follow.
2. "Reinforced resin system" is a resin system in which there is provided a sufficient amount of one or more of fibrous or non-fibrous materials as reinforcing agents that make a positive contribution to the physical properties of the molded product derived from the reinforced resin system.
3. "Non-fiber reinforced resin" system is a resin system in which there is provided a sufficient mount of one or more non-fibrous materials as reinforcing agents that make a positive contribution to the physical properties of the molded product derived from the non-fiber reinforced resin system. A non-fiber reinforced resin system is free of reinforcing mounts of a fiber.
4. "Fiber reinforced resin system" is a resin system in which there is provided a sufficient mount of one or more fibers as reinforcing agents that make a positive contribution to the physical properties of the molded product derived from the fiber reinforced resin system. A fiber reinforced resin system contemplates the optional presence of non-fiber reinforcing agent(s).
2. Background to the Field of the Invention
British patent specification 937,703, published Sep. 25, 1963, in characterizing the prior art, describes a casting resin in the following language:
"For the same purpose, it is also known to employ as casting resin a mixture of unsaturated polyesters with a high percentage solution of one or more thermoplastic polymers, such as polystyrene, polyvinyl ether and polyisobutylene in styrene."
The British specification is not dear as to the relationship of this casting resin to the molding procedure recited in the preceding paragraph, which reads as follows:
"It is also known, for the manufacture of dimensionally accurate moulded elements from unsaturated polyesters and polymerisable compounds, for a portion of the materials first of all to be completely polymerised outside the mould, for the resulting polymers to be comminuted and for the small particles thus obtained to be introduced into the mould. The cavities between the particles are then filled by a liquid mixture of the same components and this mixture is thereafter polymerised."
This British patent specification fails to depict reinforced resin systems, especially fiber reinforced resin systems, the predominant direction of the unsaturated polyester molding resin art. Since the date of this specification, a complex art relating to the molding of unsaturated polyester resins with reinforcing fibers has developed. This art has emerged to a level of significant commercial proportions with many commercial items being made by molding, as contrasted to casting, of unsaturated polyester resins in combination with reinforcing fibers which are part of complex systems. The specifications that have emerged for such unsaturated polyester resin systems so significantly transcend the early developments in the art of molding, as reflected by the British specification, that little relationship between that work and today's technical demands exists.
One technical improvement that has made a significant contribution to commercial unsaturated polyester fiber reinforced molding technology is the use of low profile additives to reduce shrinkage during the curing reaction and to thereby improve dimensional stability and surface smoothness (through good mold reproduction). Low profile additives are typically described as thermoplastic polymers such as vinyl acetate polymers, acrylic polymers, polystyrene, saturated polyesters, polycaprolactones, polyurethanes, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyalkylene oxides, and others. However, the most significant of them are the vinyl acetate polymers and the acrylic polymers.
References are made to the following United States Patents as examples of this technology: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,718,714; 3,549,586; 3,668,178; 4,284,736; 3,701,748; 3,772,241; 3,503,921; 3,736,728; 3,489,707; 3,988,388; 3,665,055; 4,491,642; 4,374,215; 4,525,498; and 4,555,534.
There are a number of theories that seek to explain the low profile or anti-shrinkage action of these polymers, but the one that seems to best explain the phenomenon is the following:.
The low profile additive is at least partly soluble in the uncured thermosetting resin such as a polyester/styrene solution. As the polyester/styrene mixture crosslinks, the thermoplastic polymer becomes incompatible or less soluble and at least partly comes out of solution. This action causes a volume expansion that compensates for the shrinkage that occurs when the polyester/styrene mixture crosslinks.
A major advance in commercial thermosetting molding technology was the introduction a number of years ago of chemically thickened systems. Chemical thickening is always employed in sheet molding compounds ("SMC"), and is increasingly being used in bulk molding compounds ("BMC"). In such systems, an alkaline material such as magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide is added to, for example, an uncured polyester along with fillers, glass fiber, and other standard materials. The alkaline material interacts with residual acidity in the polyester to build viscosity. The thickened system is relatively tack free and easy to handle, and the high viscosity carries the glass fiber reinforcement to the extremities of the mold during crosslinking of the system. Thus, the use of thickened systems has made a major contribution to the commercial expansion of polyester molding.
However, there are cases where chemical thickening is undesirable because it reduces the shelf life of the molding compound or because various molding techniques such as injection molding can be sensitive to viscosity changes in the molding material.
For all of the advancements in low shrink or low profile molding technology one problem has defied an optimum solution. That is the uneven distribution of pigment when the molding compound is cured resulting in a non-uniform, lightened and "marbled" appearance which is unacceptable for many applications. To be able to achieve this color uniformity could preclude having to paint some parts molded from these materials and would also make the utility of these molding materials possible in other applications.
The history of the study of this problem has shown:
1. Reasonable pigment uniformity can be obtained with shrinkage control materials such as polystyrene and polyethylene but only fair shrinkage control can be achieved; e.g., no better than 1.0-1.5 mils/inch shrinkage.
2. Acceptable pigment uniformity cannot be obtained with the very good shrinkage control materials such as the vinyl acetate or acrylate polymers.
3. With a special vinyl acetate--maleic acid copolymer using surface active agents in chemically thickened systems (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,534), progress was made towards the goal of very good shrinkage control and uniform pigmentation but in a restricted area.
No general polymer type has been identified that can combine the excellent shrinkage control properties and uniform pigmentation, particularly across chemically thickened and unthickened formulations.
It has been found, quite surprisingly, that polyester molding compositions meeting the above described needs of excellent shrinkage control and uniform pigmentation across chemically thickened and unthickened systems is obtainable by utilizing poly(vinyl ether) as the low profile additive. The compositions of the invention comprise:
a. an unsaturated polyester resin,
b. an olefinically unsaturated monomer that is copolymerizable with said unsaturated polyester resin,
c. fiber reinforcement, and
d. a poly(vinyl ether) polymer to control shrinkage.
The invention is concerned with an improvement in thermosetting resin molding compositions and additive compositions which may be employed in making effective pigmentable thermosetting resin molding compositions. The invention contemplates molding compositions suitable for compression, casting, transfer, injection, pultrusion, vacuum forming, and the like, molding techniques. The invention is directed to thermoset molding systems possessing enhanced flow characteristics and surface control, but in particular, molding systems possessing unique pigmentability and excellent shrinkage control. The invention provides unique compositions and methods for making molding compositions and molded products that provide low shrink, curable, fiber reinforced molding compositions that can be used to generate molded parts at high temperature molding conditions which possess exceptional surface smoothness with increased physical properties, particularly uniform pigmentability even when the molded article contains fiber reinforcement.
The invention contemplates the use of resin systems that allows the combination of poly(vinyl ether) low profile additives with a variety of thermosetting resins, that is, resins that cure by crosslinking through functional groups in the polymeric resin. The greatest proportion of the resin systems employ unsaturated polyester resins. Other resins include, e.g., phenolic resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, and the like.
Thermosetting polyester resins preferably used in the practice of the invention are polyester resins that are reaction products of a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, with a polyhydric alcohol. The dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides that are employed to produce the polyester, either singly or in combination, include those that contain olefinic unsaturation, preferably wherein the olefinic unsaturation is alpha, beta- to at least one of the carboxylic acid groups. Such acids include maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, methyl maleic acid, and itaconic acid. Maleic acid or anhydride and fumaric acid are the most widely used commercially.
In addition to the olefinically unsaturated acid or anhydride, saturated and/or aromatic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides can also be employed in producing the polyester. Such acids include phthalic acid or anhydride, terephthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or anhydride, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, and "dimer" acid (i.e., dimerized fatty acids).
A polyol is also employed to produce the polyester. Such polyols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycols, neopentyl glycol, glycerol and 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane. As a rule, not more than about 20 mole percent of the polyol will be a triol, with the remainder being one or mere diols.
As is known in the art, polyesters that are employed in thickened molding compositions should contain residual acidity in order to enter into the thickening reaction. The nature and production of the polyesters used in such applications, such as diicyclopentadiene modified resins, are known in the art and are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,933,757 and 3,883,612 incorporated herein by reference.
Vinyl ester resins that have been advantageously employed in both bulk molding compounds (BMC) and sheet molding compounds (SMC) are resins wherein the secondary hydroxyl group formed by the interaction of an epoxide group with a carboxylic acid group has been reacted with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride to produce pendant carboxylic acid groups. A variety of saturated and unsaturated anhydrides similar to those described as useful in preparing polyester resins may be used in proportions of at least about 0.1 mole of anhydride per equivalent of hydroxyl group up to an amount sufficient to react with each hydroxyl.
Thermosetting resins that are classified herein as vinyl ester resins, which contain the characteristic linkages and terminal, polymerizable unsaturated groups are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,515, to Pennington, et al., along with the preparation of such resins.
The resin systems of the invention employ low viscosity crosslinking monomers. Where the resin is an unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester, it is preferred that the monomers contain ethylenic unsaturation such that the monomer is copolymerizable with the polyester and terminally unsaturated vinyl ester resins. Useful monomers include monostyrene, alkyl acrylates and methacrylates such as C1-12 alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, substituted styrenes such as α-methyl styrene, α-chlorostyrene, 4-methylstyrene, and the like, divinylbenzene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like. Styrene is the preferred monomer in commercial practice today, although others can be used.
The low viscosity crosslinking monomer is also employed in the resin composition (the thermosetting resin may be a solid at ambient temperatures, i.e., about 20�-25� C.) to dissolve the resin thereby ensuring that the resin composition is a fluid. In this case, the monomer acts as a reactive diluent. Enough monomer is employed so that the viscosity of the fluid is at a convenient level for processing. Excessive amounts of the monomer should be avoided because an excess can have an adverse effect on the cured resin's properties. For example, too much monomer tends to cause embrittlement of the cured polyester. With these guidelines, effective proportions of the monomer are normally found within the range of from about 25 to about 70, and preferably 40 to 55, weight percent, based on weight of thermosetting polyester resin plus monomer and thermoplastic additive.
The poly(vinyl ether) polymers of this invention included poly(vinyl ethyl ether), poly(methyl vinyl ether), polyvinyl(isobutyl ether), as well as vinyl ether polymers of higher alkyl and various aryl derivatives. These polymers can also include copolymers, terpolymers, etc. of various vinyl ether monomers with other monomers with which they are reactive. These vinyl ether polymers can either be used alone as the low profile additive or can be mixed with other known low profile additives to provide desirable properties to these compositions. Molecular weights of these poly(vinyl ethers) can vary broadly from 50,000 to over 3,000,000.
The poly(vinyl ether) polymer usable in the practice of the invention concern homopolymers and copolymers possessing repeating units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R may be one or more of alkyl of 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms, phenyl, alkcycloalkyl possessing 1 to about 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof, alkphenyl possessing 1 to about 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl moieties thereof, and the like. The poly(vinyl ether) polymer may be a copolymer of the formula ##STR2## wherein each R' and R" may be hydrogen and organo, such as alkyl of from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkoxycarbonyl, oxy, hydroxy, carboxylic, and the like. The preferred copolymer contains at least 50 mole percent of vinyl ether moieties of the formula ##STR3## in the polymer backbone, the remainder being other repeating units.
Functional moieties such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups may be introduced into these polymers by a variety of methods. These moieties could present advantages in chemically thickened systems. For example, the poly(vinyl ether) may be made by the copolymerization of a vinyl ether monomer of the formula
with a functional monomer of the formula ##STR4## wherein Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd may each be one or more of alkyl (preferably from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms) or phenyl, and at least one of Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd is a functional group capable of reaction with a thickening agent or a hydroxyl or carboxyl group in the resin system, and may include one or more or the following groups: ##STR5## wherein w, y and z may be 0 or 1, w' has a value equal to the free valence of K less the value of o and o has a value of 0 to a value equal to the free valence of K and x may be at least 1, so as to form one or more of a carbonate, carboxyl, oxycarbonyl, carbamate, urea, ether, the sulfur analogs, and the like; K is one of oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, and Rt and Rs may each be one or more of alkyl (preferably from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms), phenyl, or
--(--CH2 CH2 --O--)x --H
The functional monomer may be incorporated into the copolymer by conventional bulk, solution or emulsion free radical or ionic polymerization. Illustrative of such functional monomers are, e.g., ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid , methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like, or anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, and the like, vinyl alkanoates which can be copolymerized and then hydrolyzed to form the --OH group along the backbone, such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, and the like, alkenyl isocyanate such as vinylisocyanate, allylisocyanate, the one to one molar reaction product of toluene diisocyanate and allyl alcohol, and the like; alkenyl amines such as allyl amine, and the like.
In addition, a poly(vinyl ether) polymer may be subjected to a transetherification reaction to substitute a functional group as a pendant reactive group. For example, an ether compound of the formula
Rv --R--O--Ru --X
wherein X is a functional group such as --OH, --COOH, --O--CO--OH, and the like, which can be reacted with a poly(vinyl ether) to substitute small mounts of functionality that is reactable with thickening agents so as to assist the interreactability of the low profile additive with the thickening agent and the polyester resin. Transetherification is typically carded in a solvent solution of the poly(vinyl ether) and the functional monomer at elevated temperatures generally greater than 100� C. and commonly less than 200� C.
A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a poly(vinyl ether) polymer containing a small mount of such functionality in the polymer structure, typically not more than 10 weight percent of the weight of the poly(vinyl ether) low profile additive. Generally, the functionality will comprise, when it is present, at least 0.25 weight percent of the weight of the poly(vinyl ether) low profile additive.
The amount of the exemplified poly(vinyl ethers) typically contemplated in the resin systems of this invention are from 1-25 percent based on the weight of unsaturated polyester resin, low profile additive and crosslinkable monomer, such as styrene, in the resin system. The most preferred range is from 4-18 percent.
The invention also contemplates the use of other more conventional low profile additives in admixture with the poly(vinyl ether) low profile additive of the invention. Such mixtures will typically include the poly(vinyl ether) low profile additive as the predominant, in terms of weight of low profile additive in the resin system, low profile additive in the resin system. Preferably, the amount by weight of the poly(vinyl ether) low profile additive in the resin system relative to the amount of other low profile additive in the resin system of the invention, is generally in a ratio of greater than about 0.3/1, preferably greater than about 1.2/1, and most preferably greater than about 1.5/1. A wide variety of other low profile additives may be employed in the resin system, especially in the fiber reinforced resin system of the invention. It is to be appreciated that the presence of these other low profile additives will adversely affect the degree of good pigmentability of the molded composition, i.e., the resin system, the fiber reinforced resin system.
For example, the other low profile additive may be the thermoplastic polymers of vinyl acetate, saturated thermoplastic polyesters, mixtures of the same. In another aspect of the invention, the other low profile additives may be thermoplastic polyalkyl methacrylate polymers. In still other aspects of the invention, the other thermoplastic low profile additives may be such materials as polyurethanes, styrene-butadiene, polystyrene, and similarly used materials.
Suitable thermoplastic vinyl acetate polymer low profile additives are poly(vinyl acetates) homopolymers and thermoplastic copolymers containing at least 50 weight percent vinyl acetate. Such polymers include, for example, vinyl acetate homopolymer, carboxylated vinyl acetate polymers including copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like, or anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate/vinyl chloride/maleic acid terpolymers, and the like. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,718,714 to Comstock, et al, and British Pat. No. 1,361,841 to Comstock, et al. for descriptions of some of the suitable vinyl acetate polymer low profile additives.
The useful vinyl acetate polymer low profile additives ordinarily have molecular weights within the range of from about 10,000 to about 250,000 and preferably from about 25,000 to about 175,000. They are usually employed in proportions of from about 5 to 25, and preferable from about 9 to 16, weight percent, based on weight of polyester plus thermoplastic, plus monomer.
Suitable thermoplastic saturated polyester low profile additives are, in general, low molecular weight saturated polymers of polymerizable linear and/or cyclic esters and carboxylated saturated polymers of said polymerizable esters having at least one carboxyl group per molecule.
Polymers of linear and/or cyclic esters, including carboxylated polymers having an average of at least one carboxyl group per molecule which may be used in accordance with the present invention are those which possess a reduced viscosity of at least about 0.1, and preferably from about 0.15 to about 15 and higher. The preferred polymers of cyclic esters have a reduced viscosity of about 0.2 to about 10.
Suitable polymers are further characterized by the following basic recurring structural Unit I
each R, which can be the same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, i.e. chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine, or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical generally containing a maximum of 12 carbon atoms, and preferably containing a maximum of eight carbon atoms. A is an oxy (--O--) group; x is an integer having a value of 1 to 4 inclusive, y is an integer having a value of 1 to 4 inclusive, z is an integer having a value of 0 or 1, with the proviso that (a) the sum of x+y+z is 4 to 6 inclusive and (b) the total number of R variables which are substituents other than hydrogen does not exceed 2.
Illustrative of suitable monovalent hydrocarbon radicals for R are the following: alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-dodecyl, chloroethyl, chloropropyl and the like; alkoxy radicals such as t-methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-hexoxy, n-dodecoxy and the llke; aryl radicals such as phenyl, ethyl phenyl, n-propylphenyl, n-butylphenyl and the like; aryloxy radicals such as phenoxy, n-propylphenoxy, n-butylphenoxy and the like; cycloaliphatic radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
In one embodiment, desirable polymers of cyclic esters are characterized by both basic recurring structural Unit I supra and basic recurring structural Unit II, as are obtained from a mixture containing a cyclic ester and a cyclic monomer such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like.
wherein each R', is defined for R of Unit I, or in which the two R' variables together with the ethylene moiety of the oxyethylene chain of Unit II from a saturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon ring having from four to eight carbon atoms inclusive. It is referred that recurring Unit II contains from two to twelve carbon atoms inclusive. The interconnection of Unit I and the Unit II does not involve or result in the direct bonding of two oxy groups i.e., --O--O--.
Particularly preferred polymers of cyclic esters are those which are characterized by the oxypentamethylenecarbonyl chain as seen in basic recurring structural Unit III
wherein each R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, that is, alkyl having a maximum of 4 carbon atoms, with the proviso that no more than three R1 variables are substituents other than hydrogen.
Thermoplastic saturated polymers of linear and/or cyclic esters are well known and the carboxylated saturated esters are well known and such thermoplastic saturated polymers, and particularly polymers prepared from epsilon-caprolactones, have been advantageously employed as low profile additives. Reference, for example, is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,549,586 and 3,668,178 to Comstock et al. for descriptions of thermoplastic saturated polyester low profile additives and carboxylated thermoplastic saturated polyester low profile additives prepared from cyclic esters.
Also included are thermoplastic, saturated polyesters based on saturated (i.e., free of olefinic unsaturation that is reactive with the resin in the molding application) dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and the like, and organic diols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, and the like. These polyesters are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,909,483; 3,994,853; 3,736,278; and 3,929,868.
Thermoplastic urethanes are useful low pressure additives, alone or in admixture with other low pressure additives, and examples of them can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,439, patented Oct. 17, 1975, EP 74 746, published Sep. 3, 1981, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,421,894, patented Mar. 2, 1979.
The thermoplastic saturated polyester low profile additives may usually be employed in the compositions of the invention in proportions similar to those of thermoplastic vinyl acetate polymers, i.e., in proportions from about 5 to 25 weight percent, and preferably from about 10 to 20 weight percent, based on the weight of polyester, thermoplastic polymer and crosslinkable monomer.
Also suitable in certain aspects of the invention are thermoplastic polymeric alkyl acrylates or methacrylates low profile additives including, for example, homopolymers of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate; copolymer of methyl methacrylate and lower alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and copolymers of methyl methacrylate with minor amounts of one or more of the following. lauroyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, acrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, styrene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and methacrylic acid. Other useful thermoplastics for the low profile additive function include polystyrene, styrene copolymers, such as styrene/butadiene copolymers, cellulose acetate butyrate, alkylene oxide polymers, and the like.
Molecular weight of the alkyl acrylate or methacrylate polymers useful in the invention may vary over a wide range from 10,000 to 1,000,000, and preferably from 25,000 to 500,000.
The thermoplastic acrylate or methacrylate polymers should be present in amounts ranging from 1 to 25 percent by weight, based on the weight of polyester, low profile additive and crosslinking monomer, and preferably from 5 to 20 percent by weight.
Another optional component of the compositions of the invention is a viscosity reducing agent. In one aspect, the invention employs in combination with thermoplastic vinyl ether polymer, a viscosity reducing agent which is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least 6 carbon atoms.
The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid viscosity reducing agent employed usually has at least 6 carbon atoms in the chain, and is frequently a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having from 6 to 24 or more carbon atoms in the chain. Such carboxylic acids may be caproic (hexanoic), caprylic (octanoic), captic (C10), lauric (C14), palmitic (C16), palmitoleic (C16), stearic (C18), oleic (C18), linoleic (C18), and the like acids, and the acids may be either straight chain or branched chain. Products in which mixtures of acids of the foregoing kind occur, such as tall oil acid, may be used.
The viscosity reducing agent can be present in amounts ranging from 0.4 to about 6 weight percent, and preferably from about 1 to 4 weight percent, based on the combined weight of thermosetting resin, copolymerizable monomer and low profile additive.
When desired a thickening agent can also be employed in the compositions of the invention. Such materials are known in the art, and include the oxides and hydroxides of the metals of Group I, II and III of the Periodic Table. Illustrative examples of the thickening agents include magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and the like, including mixtures of the same. Thickening agents are normally employed in proportions of from about 0.1 to about 6 weight percent, based upon weight of polyester resin, plus monomer, plus low profile additive.
Alternatively, a dual thickening system maybe employed wherein, for example, a metallic oxide or hydroxide and polyisocyanate in amounts of polyisocyanate sufficient to react with at least thirty percent of the hydroxyl groups but not more than one hundred and five percent of the hydroxyl groups present and an amount of metallic oxide or hydroxide sufficient to react with at least thirty percent of the carboxyl groups but not more than seventy-five percent of the carboxyl groups present. Reference is made to the Belgium Patent No. 849,135 for a description of such dual thickening systems. Other illustrations can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,110 issued Aug. 13, 1985. In addition to combining with polymeric low profile additives these materials are also effective when these low profile polymers are used in the presence of other shrinkage control additives.
The polyester molding compositions may also contain one or more of the known types of conventional additives, which are employed for their known purposes in the usual amounts. The following are illustrative of such additives:
1. Polymerization initiators such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peroctoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and others know to the art. The polymerization initiator is employed in a catalytically effective amount, such as from about 0.3 to about 2 to 3 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyester plus monomer plus low profile additive;
2. Fillers such as clay, hydrate alumina silica, calcium carbonate and others known to the art;
3. Reinforcing fillers such as glass fibers or fabrics, carbon fibers and fabrics, aramide fibers and fabrics, asbestos fibers or fabrics, polypropylene, acrylonitrile/vinyl chloride copolymers, PAN fibers and fabrics;
4. Mold release agents or lubricants, such as zinc stearate, calcium stearate, calcium stearate, and others known to the art; and
5. Rubbers or elastomers such as:
a. homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated dienes have a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 400,000 or higher as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,020,036. The conjugated dienes contain from 4-12 carbon atoms per molecule such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and the like;
b. epihalohydrin monomer(s), or a copolymer of an epihalohydrin monomer(s) with an oxide monomer(s) having a number average molecular weight (Mn) which varies from about 800 to about 50,000 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,101,604;
c. chloroprene polymers including homopolymers of chloroprene and copolymers of chloroprene with sulfur and/or with at least one copolymerizable organic monomer wherein chloroprene constitutes at least 50 weight percent of the organic monomer make-up of the copolymer as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,471;
d. hydrocarbon polymers including ethylene/propylene dipolymers and copolymers of ethylene/propylene and at least one nonconjugated diene, such as ethylene/propylene/hexadiene terpolymers and ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene/norbornadiene, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,471;
e. conjugated diene butyl elastomers, such as copolymers consisting of from 85 to 99.5% by weight of a C4 -C7 is olefin having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene where a major portion of the isoprene units combined therein have conjugated diene unsaturation as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,160,759.
Whereas the exact scope of the instant invention is set forth in the appended claims, the following specific examples illustrate certain aspects of the present invention and, more particularly, point out methods of evaluating the same. However, the examples are set forth for illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention except as set forth in the appended claims. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
Description of Material
1. Unsaturated Polyester Resin-1 is a polyester resin that is manufactured by North American Rockwell and sold under the trade designation of NR-3529. It is the condensation product of maleic anhydride and propylene glycol and contains approximately 35 weight percent of styrene.
2. Unsaturated Polyester Resin-2 (alkyd) is a polyester resin in which the the alkyd portion of an unsaturated polyester resin/styrene solution is a resin produced by Freeman Chemical as Stypol 40-2955. This alkyd is based on 0.25 moles of isophthalic acid, 0.75 mole of maleic anhydride and 1.10 moles of propylene glycol.
3. Unsaturated Polyester Resin-3 is the resin of unsaturated polyester resin-2 in its commercial form containing approximately 35 weight percent of styrene.
4. Unsaturated Polyester Resin-4 is a polyester resin based on the condensation product of maleic anhydride and propylene glycol and containing approximately 37 weight percent of styrene monomer which is sold by Owens Corning Fiberglass as CX-1652.
5. Poly(vinyl ethyl ether)-1 is a poly(vinyl ethyl ether) having a molecular weight of about 2,000,000.
6. Poly(vinyl ether)-2 is a poly (vinyl ethyl ether) polymer of approximate molecular weight of Mn --40,000, Mw --150,000. It is sold by BASF as Lutanol™ A-50.
7. Poly(vinyl ether)-3 is a poly (vinyl isobutyl ether) polymer of approximate molecular weight of Mn --10,000, Mw --23,000. It is sold by BASF as Lutanol™ I-30.
8. Poly(vinyl ether) Polymer-4--a poly (vinyl isobutyl ether) polymer of approximate molecular weight of Mn --22,000, Mw --300,000. It is sold by BASF as Lutanol™ I-60.
9. "Polystyrene" is a rubber modified material manufactured by Union Carbide as LPS-80 for use as a shrink control additive.
10. Poly (methyl methacrylate) is a carboxyl containing polymer manufactured by Rohm and Haas as P-701 for use as a shrink control additive.
11. Poly (vinyl acetate)-1 is a carboxyl containing vinyl acetate polymer manufactured by Union Carbide as LP-40A for use as a shrink control additive.
12. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer-1 is a 40 weight percent ethylene--60 weight percent vinyl acetate copolymer manufactured by IGF Bayer AG as Levapren™ 450.
13. Al-Sil-Ate LO is a clay filler from Freeport-Kaolin.
14. ASP-400 is a clay filler from Engelhard.
15. L-256 is a peroxide catalyst from Lucidol.
16. Zelec UN is a mold release agent from DuPont.
17. OCF 498AA is a chopped fiberglass manufactured by Owens Corning Fiberglass.
18. PPG 303 is a chopped fiberglass manufactured by PPG Industries.
19. PPG 3075 is a chopped fiberglass manufactured by PPG Industries.
20. Black pigment dispersion-1 is a carbon black dispersion at about 30 weight percent sold by Plasticolors, Inc. as CM-2015.
21. MgO Dispersion-1 is a magnesium oxide dispersion at about 33 weight percent is an unsaturated polyester carrier resin sold by USS Chemicals as Modifier M.
22. Hydrated alumina is Alcoa C-331 grade.
All the liquid components were weighed individually into a Hobart mixing pan placed on a Toledo balance. The pan was attached to a Model C-100 Hobart mixer (in a hood). The agitator was started at slow speed, then increased to medium speed to completely mix the liquids over a period of 3-5 minutes. The agitator was then stopped and the internal mold release agent and/or fatty acid was next added to the liquid from an ice cream carton. The Hobart mixer was restarted and the mold release agent mixed with the liquid until it was completely wet out. The filler was next added to the pan contents (agitator off) then mixed, using medium to high speed, until a consistent paste was obtained. The mixer was again stopped and the weighed amount of thickening agent, if desired, was mixed into the paste over a period of 2-3 minutes, the mixer was again stopped and 175 grams of the paste were removed from the pan (using a large spatula) and transferred to a wide-mouthed 4 oz. bottle. This paste sample was stored in the capped bottle at room temperature and the viscosity was measured periodically using a Model HBT 5X Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer on a Helipath Stand.
After removal of the paste sample, the contents were reweighed and styrene loss made up, the chopped glass fibers were added slowly (from an ice cream carton) to the paste with the mixer running on slow speed. The mixer was run for approximately 30 seconds after all the glass was in the paste. This short time gave glass wet without glass degradation. The pan was then removed from the mixer and separate portions of the BMC mix of a appropriate amount were removed using spatulas and transferred to aluminum foil lying on a balance pan (balance in the hood). The mix was tightly wrapped in the aluminum foil (to prevent loss of styrene via evaporation) and stored at room temperature until the viscosity of the retained paste sample reached molding viscosity is chemically thickened. The weight of the BMC added to the foil varies with the molding application.
Flat panels 18 inches�18 inches of varying thickness were molded using an extremely smooth, highly polished matched metal die set of chrome plated molds. Both platens are oil heated separately to allow for varying temperature. The molding was conducted in a 200 ton press and the panel removed with the aid of ejector pins. A standard molding temperature is 300�-305� F. (149�-152� C.) at pressures of 500 or 1000 psi. Laminate thicknesses are typically 0.10 and 0.125 inches,
Method of Shrinkage Measurement
A 18"�18"�0.125" flat panel is molded in a highly polished chrome plated matched metal die mold in a 200 ton press. The exact dimensions of the four sides of this mold are measured to the ten-thousandths of an inch at room temperature. The exact length of the four sides of the flat molded panel is also determined to the ten-thousandths of an inch. These measurements are substituted into the equation below:
(a-b)/a=inch/inch shrinkage
inch/inch shrinkage�1000=mils/inch shrinkage
a=the sum of the lengths of the four sides of the mold
b=the sum of the lengths of the four side of the molded panel
A positive (+) number recorded indicates and expansion of the molded part as measured at room temperature compared to the dimensions of the mold measured at room temperature. A negative (-) number indicates shrinkage by the same comparison. The larger the positive number the better the performance.
Transfer Molding
The transfer molding was accomplished by charging the BMC to a ram and injecting into the "tree mold" as outlined in FIG. 1. The tree mold for the transfer press utilizes a 100 ton press, 800 PSI ram pressure, and 180 gram molding charge. Shrinkage was measured by measuring one of the 4 inch bars with microcalipers and comparing this bar length to that of the bar length of the mold both measured at room temperature. Pigmentation was judged on the bars as well as the two circular discs. In FIG. 1, (2) (1/2 in.�1/8 in.) is used as a tensile bar for tensile measurements and for measuring shrinkage, (3) (4 in.�1/2 in.�1/4 in.) and (8) (4 in.�1/2�1/4 in.) are impact bars for measuring impact strength and for measuring shrinkage, (9) (2 in.�1/8 in.) is used for evaluating surface profile, and (10) (4 in.�1/8 in.) is used to evaluate surface profile, pigmentation and impact measurements. In the Figure (5) and (6) depict feed lines and (4) and (7) depict gates on the test apparatus.
This is a measure of surface smoothness and was determined using a Bendix microrecorder profilometer. A diamond stylus is passed over a molded panel and the stylus moves up and down the peaks and valleys of the surface. The lower the number the better. Automotive grade steel measures approximately 200.
The following formulation was combined.
______________________________________ PBW______________________________________Unsaturated Polyester Resin-1 4035% Poly(vinyl ethyl ether)-1 18in styreneAl-Sil-Ate Lo 39Styrene 3t-butylcatecol 300 ppmLupersol 256 0.5%Zelec UN 0.5%Fiberglass mat (1" random) 30with 10 mil veil (wt. %)______________________________________
The ingredients, except for the fiberglass, were mixed to a smooth paste consistency on a Cowles dissolver, then poured on the fiberglass mat and molded in a 12 inch�12 inch matched metal die mold for 3 minutes at 149� C. and 500 psig.
The resulting molding (0.10-0.11 inches in thickness) had and MCR value of 162. A molding containing no poly(vinyl ethyl ether) had an MCR value of 1200.
The following BMC formulation was used to examine the performance of poly(vinyl ethers) as shrinkage control additives to fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester molding compounds.
______________________________________ PBW______________________________________Unsaturated Polyester Resin2 (alkyd) 40.2Thermoplastic Shrinkage Control 12.0AdditiveStyrene 47.8Calcium Carbonate (5 Micron Average 150Particle Size)Hydrated Alumina 50Clay (ASP-400) 38Zinc Stearate 4Black Pigment Dispersion-1 12t-Butyl Perbenzoate 1.2p-Benzoquinone 0.03Glass (1/4 inch Fibers) 20 wt. %OCF-498AA______________________________________
The unsaturated polyester alkyd, thermoplastic shrinkage control additive and styrene were introduced as styrene solutions. The polyester resin contained about 35 weight percent of styrene and the thermoplastics were used at 35-40 weight percent solutions in styrene. When mixtures of thermoplastics are given they are used at 50/50 mixtures in the 12 parts of thermoplastic in the formulation.
These materials are all molded in a transfer press into a tree mold as previously described. Cure conditions in all cases was 2.5 minutes at 300� F. Approximately 180 grams of charge was used for each molding. Ram pressure to inject the BMC was about 800 psig. Each material was evaluated for shrinkage control and pigmentability.
______________________________________ Thermoplastic Pigmenta- Shrinkage Shrink Control tion ControlExample Additive Rating (mils/inch)______________________________________2 Polystyrene Fair 3 -2.03 Poly(vinyl ethyl ether)-1 Good 2 +0.24 Poly(vinyl acetate)-1 Bad 5 0.05 Poly(methyl methacrylate)-1 Bad 5 -1.66 Poly styrene/poly(vinyl Fair 2.5 0.0 ethyl ether)______________________________________
The pigmentation rating scale is from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad).
The following BMC formulation was used to evaluate poly(vinyl ethers) as shrinkage control additives.
______________________________________Parts By Weight 7 8 9______________________________________Unsaturated Polyester-3 58 -- --Unsaturated Polyester-1 -- 58 5840% Poly(vinyl acetate-1) in styrene -- -- 30Poly(vinyl ethyl ether-1) 38% in 42 42 --styreneStyrene -- -- 12Calcium Carbonate (2.5 micron 150 150 150average particle size)Hydrated Alumina 50 50 50Clay (ASP-400) 38 38 38Zinc Stearate 2 4 4Black Pigment Dispersion-1 14 14 14t-Butylperbenzoate 1.2 1.2 1.2p-benzoquinone 0.03 0.03 0.3MgO dispersion-1 (33%) 2.5 3.0 2.0Glass (1/4# inch fibers) 20 20 20wt. % PPG-303______________________________________
These materials were left standing for several days to chemically thicken them and then the chemically thickened materials were molded on the same equipment as Examples 2 through 6. Curing conditions were 149� C. for two minutes using a 180 gram charge and ram pressure of 800 psi.
In this case the shrinkage control was judged by measuring the length of one of the bars from the tree mold with microcalipers. The longer the bar the better the shrinkage control. Pigmentation was judged as above on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being very good and 5 being very bad.
______________________________________ Bar Length PigmentationExample (inches) Rating______________________________________7 4.987 18 4.988 19 4.986 3______________________________________
The bar lengths indicate essentially equal shrinkage control between the materials. However, the poly(vinyl ether) yields good pigmentation with two different resin structures.
The following BMC formulations were made for evaluation of thermoplastic shrinkage control additives.
______________________________________Parts by Weight 10 11 12 13 14______________________________________Unsaturated 53 53 53 53 53Polyester-4Ethylene-VinylAcetateCopolymer-1 at 35 42 31.5 31.5 31.5 --weight percent instyrenePoly(vinyl ether)-2 -- 10.5 -- -- --40% in styrenePoly(vinyl ether)-2 -- -- 10.5 -- --40% in styrenePoly(vinyl ether)-4 -- -- -- 10.5 --40% in styrenePoly(vinyl acetate-1) -- -- -- -- 4240% in styreneStyrene 5 5 5 5 5t-Butyl Perbenzoate 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5t-Butyl Peroctoate 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5(50%)5% p-benzoquinone in 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4diallyl phthalateBlack pigment 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0dispersion-1Zinc Stearate 2 2 2 2 2Calcium Stearate 2 3 2 2 2Calcium Carbonate 230 230 230 230 230(2.5 micron averageparticle size)Fiberglass (1/4 inch) 20 20 20 20 20wt. % PPG-3075______________________________________
These formulations were molded on an 18 inch by 18 inch chrome plated matched metal die mold in a 200 ton Lawton hydraulic press. Molding conditions were 300� F. for 2 minutes at 1000 psi pressure. Shrinkage control evaluations are shown below. Values listed as "+" indicate expansion as the part is measured at room temperature and compared to the room temperature dimensions of the mold.
______________________________________10 11 12 13 14______________________________________Shrinkage +0.166 +0.138 +0.222 +0.208 +0.166(mils/inch)______________________________________
Pigmentation ratings showed Examples 11, 12 and 13 to be more uniform than Example 10 with Example 14 being the worst.
Using a formulation identical to that in Examples 10 through 14, 42 parts of a 40% solution of poly(vinyl ether)-4 in styrene was used as the sole thermoplastic shrinkage control additive. When molded as those examples, an essentially zero shrinkage panel was obtained with very good pigmentation.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 1968
|Jan 13, 1970
|Bp Chem Int Ltd
|Molding compositions containing unsaturated and saturated polyesters resins,thermoplastic polymers,monomeric material and filler
|Oct 18, 1967
|Mar 31, 1970
|Grace W R & Co
|Polyester premix containing polystyrene and monomeric styrene
|Apr 1, 1969
|Dec 22, 1970
|Union Carbide Corp
|Polyester compositions
|Oct 22, 1969
|May 23, 1972
|John A Hatton Jr
|Polymerizable unsaturated polyester resin compositions and articles made therefrom
|Aug 28, 1970
|Jun 6, 1972
|Union Carbide Corp
|Unsaturated polyester resins admixed with cyclic ester polymers
|Jul 20, 1966
|Oct 31, 1972
|Rohm & Haas
|Unsaturated polyester resinous compositions
|Sep 16, 1970
|Feb 27, 1973
|Union Carbide Corp
|Unsaturated polyester compositions
|Jul 16, 1970
|Mar 20, 1973
|Koppers Co Inc
|Thickenable unsaturated polyester resin system
|Feb 17, 1971
|Apr 3, 1973
|Pechiney Saint Gobain
|Binders for mortars
|Dec 22, 1971
|May 29, 1973
|Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co
|Nil shrink unsaturated polyester resin composition
|Dec 30, 1971
|Nov 13, 1973
|Rohm & Haas
|Unsaturated polyester resinous compositions
|Jul 20, 1972
|Oct 15, 1974
|Union Carbide Corp
|Unsaturated polyester compositions
|Feb 8, 1973
|May 13, 1975
|Scm Corp
|Low-shrink thermosetting polymers
|Apr 26, 1974
|Jun 3, 1975
|Dow Chemical Co
|Process for making low profile molding compounds
|Apr 9, 1974
|Sep 30, 1975
|Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp
|Tack free polymerizable polyester compositions
|Jan 31, 1973
|Dec 2, 1975
|Union Carbide Corp
|Unsaturated polyesters and compositions based thereon
|Jul 11, 1974
|Dec 30, 1975
|Eastman Kodak Co
|Saturated polyester useful as low shrink additive for molding compositions containing unsaturated polyesters
|Oct 21, 1974
|Jan 20, 1976
|Scm Corporation
|Dicyclopentadiene thermosetting polyester
|Feb 25, 1975
|Oct 26, 1976
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Polymerizable organic dispersion of unsaturated polyester vinyl monomer and EVA copolymers
|Jun 27, 1975
|Nov 30, 1976
|Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation
|Tack free polymerizable polyester compositions
|Apr 22, 1976
|Apr 26, 1977
|Phillips Petroleum Company
|Thermosetting polyester composition containing normally solid carboxy-containing diene polymer
|Jan 19, 1976
|Jun 28, 1977
|Texaco Development Corporation
|Fire-retardant polyurethane composition
|Oct 17, 1975
|Jul 12, 1977
|Scm Corporation
|Low-shrink thermosetting polyesters
|Jul 18, 1977
|Jul 18, 1978
|The B. F. Goodrich Company
|Unsaturated polyester molding compositions
|Jan 30, 1978
|Jul 10, 1979
|Exxon Research & Engineering Co.
|Elastomer modified polyester molding compound
|Apr 13, 1978
|Jul 17, 1979
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Elastomer modified unsaturated molding compositions
|Apr 13, 1978
|Oct 9, 1979
|National Starch And Chemical Corporation
|Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions
|Feb 8, 1978
|Oct 23, 1979
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Low shrinking thermosetting molding compositions having reduced initial viscosity
|Nov 13, 1979
|Apr 21, 1981
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Polyester molding compositions
|Feb 26, 1973
|Aug 18, 1981
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Unsaturated polyester compositions
|Oct 16, 1980
|Feb 15, 1983
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Polyester moldings
|Nov 24, 1980
|Dec 20, 1983
|Olin Corporation
|Polyurethane oligomer impact and shrinkage modifiers for thermoset polyesters
|Apr 25, 1984
|Jan 1, 1985
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Uniformly pigmented, low shrinking polyester molding compositions
|Jan 12, 1984
|Jun 25, 1985
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Polyester fiber reinforced molding compounds
|Jun 25, 1984
|Aug 13, 1985
|The Budd Company
|Dual functional additive
|Sep 23, 1982
|Nov 26, 1985
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Uniformly pigmented, low shrinking polyester molding compositions
|Jun 24, 1986
|Jun 16, 1987
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Polyester molding compositions
|Oct 3, 1985
|Jul 7, 1987
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Process for promoting the adhesion of epoxy bonded fiber reinforced plastics
|Sep 8, 1983
|Aug 27, 1985
|Union Carbide Corp.
|Polyester compositions
|Title not available
|Aug 27, 1982
|Mar 23, 1983
|Olin Corporation
|Polyurethane oligomer impact and shrinkage modifiers for thermoset polyesters
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Jul 11, 1989
|Feb 22, 1990
|Desoto, Inc.
|Photo-curable vinyl ether compositions
|6001, Chemical Abstracts vol. 77, No. 12, 18, Sep. 1972, Columbus, Ohio, USA JP A 7136462 (Showa Kobunshi Co Ltd) 26 Oct 1971; Ref. No. 76144K.
|6001, Chemical Abstracts vol. 77, No. 12, 18, Sep. 1972, Columbus, Ohio, USA JP-A-7136462 (Showa Kobunshi Co Ltd) 26 Oct 1971; Ref. No. 76144K.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 26, 1997
|Mar 16, 1999
|Jennings; Thomas C.
|Liquid internal mold release agents for unsaturated polyester thermosetting molding compounds
|Jan 19, 1999
|Apr 3, 2001
|Cook Composites And Polymers Co.
|Aromatic polyol end-capped unsaturated polyetherester resins and resin compositions containing the same having improved chemical and/or water resistance
|Feb 16, 2000
|May 14, 2002
|Cook Composites And Polymers Co.
|End-capped unsaturated polyetherester, unsaturated polyester and vinyl monomer
|Mar 21, 2000
|Jan 28, 2003
|Byj-Chemie Gmbh
|Method of producing modified vinyl ether polymers
|Nov 22, 2000
|Feb 4, 2003
|Alliedsignal Inc.
|Colored articles and compositions and methods for their fabrication
|Dec 14, 2000
|Jun 3, 2003
|Nec Corporation
|LCD panel and method of fabricating same
|Oct 2, 2001
|Sep 23, 2003
|Vec Technology Inc.
|Method and apparatus for molding composite articles
|Dec 7, 2001
|Dec 9, 2003
|Cook Composites And Polymers Co.
|Gel coated fiber-reinforced composition of polyetherester, unsaturated polyester and vinyl monomer
|Mar 28, 2001
|Dec 14, 2004
|Cook Composites And Polymers Co.
|Aromatic polyol end-capped unsaturated polyetherester resins and resin compositions containing the same having improved chemical and/or water resistance
|Oct 8, 2002
|Jan 3, 2006
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Colored articles and compositions and methods for their fabrication
|Jan 19, 2005
|Jun 30, 2009
|Vec Industries, L.L.C.
|Method and apparatus for molding composite articles
|Aug 16, 2010
|Apr 7, 2015
|Basf Se
|Coating material comprising unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ethers
|Mar 28, 2001
|May 9, 2002
|Chih-Pin Hsu
|Aromatic polyol end-capped unsaturated polyetherester resins and resin compositions containing the same having improved chemical and/or water resistance
|Oct 8, 2002
|Mar 20, 2003
|Alliedsignal Inc.
|Colored articles and compositions and methods for their fabrication
|Apr 9, 2002
|Nov 20, 2003
|Yeager Gary William
|Thermoset composition, method, and article
|Jan 19, 2005
|Aug 25, 2005
|Mccollum Robert P.
|Method and apparatus for molding composite articles
|Aug 16, 2010
|Jun 7, 2012
|Basf Se
|Coating material comprising unsaturated polyester resins and vinyl ethers
|Nov 15, 2013
|May 22, 2014
|Isp Investments Inc.
|Oral care compositions for treatment of sensitive teeth
|U.S. Classification
|523/523, 525/166, 525/168, 523/521, 523/512
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 8, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 29, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 10, 2005
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 9, 2005
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20050610


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Lush Tiny Hands: Softer Hands in a Little Bar!Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Believe it or not, that little bar is actually a moisturizing hand serum! The little bar is about the size of the palm of my hand. It's infused with Argan Oil (doesn't it seem like that ingredient is everywhere lately?) Aloe, Cocoa and Shea Butters as well. It has a vanilla/floral scent that I like but it is very subtle, so I like that even better.
The bar is very solid but feels just a little bit slippery. As you hold the bar it will melt just a little, applying the product. I've found that warming my hands a little by just washing with warm water first, does help application quite a bit.
This product won't give you the super moisturized, almost slick hands that a lot of moisturizers do. Instead, it seems to restore the moisture and make my hands just feel normal. I've tested it out with our normal home hand soap (we use Soft Soap anti-bacterial) and the stronger anti-bac stuff we use in my ICU. I literally wash my hands about 4 times an hour as a minimum now that I'm a mommy, and that number goes way up at work. My hands definitely felt better using the Tiny Hands, though I did reapply every hour or so to help combat the huge amount of washing I do.
Lush Tiny Hands
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The home has a lovely flow from the minute you walk in you are welcomed by a beautiful walk way and the soft sound of the water feature. You then enter the big beautiful wooden doors and the home offers a beautiful flow from the dining room to the lounge and the open plan kitchen.This ultra modern kitchen has been newly renovated and has ample cupboard and work space to enjoy with a centre island table. The lounge and dining room lead out to a covered patio with room for entertainment, set in a beautiful garden with a pool to lounge around.
Upstairs we have 4 spacious bedrooms with 3 of the bedrooms en-suite and all the rooms lead out to a patio. The main bedroom has ample space with a large bathroom en-suite.
The home has been renovated beautifully with laminate floors in some of the rooms and a real crisp clean look.
This stunning home is situated in the sought after and highly secure Dainfern Golf Estate which has lots of activities to offer. There is a clubhouse with a restaurant nestled among big mature tree's overlooking the 18th hole of the golf course which has a river flowing through. There are kids play area's, soccer fields, squash courts and majestic nature trails. Dainfern Square and Broadacres shopping centre are conveniently situated within walking distance.
|Office: 011... 0110252427 Show Numbers
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|Email: ... Brian Show Email
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|Email: ... Richard Show Email
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|Office: 011... 011 025 2427 Show Numbers


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Building on last year's warm reception, Kaikai Kiki Gallery will exhibit for the second year at Zona Maco – the largest art fair in Mexico. The gallery will feature work from young Japanese artists who have emerged from a program of personal tutelage carried out by artist Takashi Murakami. This includes established names like Chilho Aoshima, Chinatsu Ban and Mahomi Kunikata, all of whom have held a steady career for the past 10 years and attracted attention from other major galleries and institutions around the world. With an eye for new talent and an adventurous spirit, the lineup continues to point art in new directions.
Zona Maco
Centro Banamex, Mexico City


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Ford Racing beefs up the 2013 Ford Mustang GT
When we first met the 2013 Ford Racing Mustang GT project car, it was perched precariously on its side at the 2011 Performance Racing Industry Trade Show in Orlando. Interestingly, when this Gotta Have It Green 2013 Ford Mustang GT debuted at PRI, it appeared to have already been packed of Ford Racing goodies but that is the case with almost any vehicle on display at a performance show. Because of that, many passed this heavily modified Mustang GT as 'just another show car' but it turns out that this is actually Ford's newest high performance project. Best of all, since literally everything on the car comes from the Ford Racing catalog – any new Mustang GT owner can build this beast right at home.
Ford Racing started with a 2013 Ford Mustang GT Premium Coupe powered by the revamped 5.0L V8 – packing 420 stock horsepower and 390lb-ft of torque (also in stock form) – but this Mustang GT is far from stock. To enhance the performance, Ford Racing has added their own street legal supercharger package featuring a 2.3L Whipple supercharger unit, a Ford Racing aluminum radiator kit, Ford Racing quad outlet exhaust (a similar setup to what is found on the Boss 302 with both side and rear exit exhaust) and an engine oil cooler. The folks from Ford Racing haven't stated just how much power they are making with this project car but the Ford Racing/Whipple 2.3L supercharger package alone is good for 624 horsepower – so we can guess that right around 625 is a good estimate as to the kind of horsepower being made…if not more. This power is channeled through a 6-speed manual transmission featuring the cooling air scoop from the Boss 302 and out back, there is a set of 3.73 gears set in a heavy duty 8.8" Ford reared, helping to make the most of all of that power.
On the outside, the Ford Racing project car begins with that gorgeous Gotta Have It Green paint code that has been introduced for the 2013 Ford Mustang, adding the gloss black 19" wheels from the Mustang Track Pack wrapped in high performance Pirelli tires and the adjustable front splitter from the Boss 302 Laguna Seca package. Inside, this 2013 Mustang GT features all of the gadgets and goodies that you can get on a fully loaded GT Premium Coupe, including a Sync activated entertainment system with a large touch screen, the 4.2" message screen in the gauge cluster, leather seating and a high performance Shaker 500 sound system.
Please SHARE with friends and include TorqueNews in Google Alerts for tomorrow's interesting stories.


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Need a CRP Test in Macon, GA? Simply order online 24/7 and get a fast, affordable CRP Test at a lab near you (Find More Locations):
Why would I get a CRP Test?
A CRP Test consists of lab tests that check your CRP level. People in Macon, GA get a CRP Test for general screening or ongoing tracking.
How much does a CRP Test cost?
Our CRP Test price includes the doctor's order that you need to get tested in Macon, GA, all lab fees and taxes, and a pdf copy of your results. For current prices, CLICK HERE.
What does a CRP Test report look like?
For a CRP Test sample report, please CLICK HERE.
We are delighted to offer the CRP Test in Macon, GA.
CRP Test in other cities near Macon, GA:Bolingbroke | Bonaire | Byron | Centerville | Dry Branch | Gordon | Gray | Haddock | Hillsboro | Jeffersonville | Kathleen | Knoxville | Lizella | Smarr | Warner Robins


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The Riviera Maya is known for its long stretch of jewel-hued beaches. With its signature white sand and turquoise blue waters it's no wonder why sun-seekers everywhere visit this destination. While the Riviera Maya possesses a limitless amount of stunning beaches, there is one in particular that travelers ought to visit.
Akumal Beach is known as the 'jewel of the coastline.' Although it was seen as a hidden gem along the Riviera Maya, Akumal Beach now greets hundreds of sun-seekers to its shores. Located just south of Cancun, this expansive beach stretches from Playa del Carmen to the edges of Tulum. The immense size of this beach entails no shortage of places to soak in some rays. However, there are particular locations that offer something unique from other areas of the beach.
The Northern portion of the beach offers an ideal environment for snorkelers and scuba divers. Being closely situated to fresh water lagoons, this area of the beach contains colorful underwater wildlife. The waters close to the bay are calm due to a reef break protecting the shores, making it a prime location for snorkelers of any ability.
For those who'd rather enjoy the modern landscapes of the destinations, central Akumal is an area to visit. The tranquil ocean landscapes are complemented with shops, beachfront resorts, restaurants, and lively bars.
In contrast to central Akumal, the Southern portion of the beach paints a completely different picture. The area is quaint and peaceful, with several residential communities, beachfront villas, and local condos.
Regardless of what area is ventured, Akumal Beach is truly one of the best destinations to visit in the Riviera Maya.
To book your sun-drenched getaway to the Riviera Maya, speak to one of our Vacation Specialists at 1-888-685-6888.


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Vodafone have released the VPA Compact IV. This device is effectively the HTC Herald or the P4350 in HTC naming terms. It has an internal memory of 128 MB ROM and 64 MB RAM as well as quadband GSM/GPRS/EDGE and Bluetooth and WiFi b/g.
The keyboard slider mechanism is 'assisted' and the overall device is very thin for a keyboarded device – it's as thin as the previous iterations of devices without keyboards such as the JAM, JAMin and Prophet variants.
You can get more details from Vodafone site (in German) HERE


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Whitewater Rafting Adventure tour
Cameron Highlands Tours
Cameron Highlands' mountains plus rainforests mean fast-flowing rivers providing ideal opportunities for river-rafting enthusiasts. Even though the countryside is known for its strawberry farms, tea plantations and jungle treks, this alpine escape with salubrious mountain air is a whitewater rafting hotspot for beginners as the waters are calmer than other spots in the country.
The Whitewater Rafting Adventure tour takes you on one of this hillside's popular rafting hotspots; along the way down the river, you'll be treated to a sight of the beautiful Cameron Highlands' landscape. You'll be provided with all the necessary equipment and all entrance fees will be taken care of; the tour also includes lunch.Read More
- Batu Caves, Royal Selangor & Batik Half-Day Tour
- Sunway Lagoon Theme Park Admission with RM10 Meal Voucher
- Nature & Elephant Sanctuary Tour
- Historical City of Malacca Full-Day Tour
- Traditional English Afternoon Tea at the Eastern & Oriental Hotel
- Glittering Fireflies Night Tour with Dinner
- City Half-Day Tour
- Aquaria KLCC Admission
- Dining in the Clouds at the KL Tower with Transfer
- Kuala Lumpur Tower Observation Deck


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Classic Rye Bread
One simple recipe is all you need to bake four types of bread, each one hearty, wholesome, and delicious. See our Classic White Bread how-to for step-by-step photos.
- Yield: Makes 2 loaves
Source: Martha Stewart Living, February 2010
- 1 tablespoon plus 1 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast (two 1/4-ounce envelopes)
- 2 1/4 cups warm water (110 degrees)
- 3 tablespoons plus 2 teaspoons honey
- 4 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted, plus more for bowl, pans, and brushing
- 2 1/2 cups rye flour
- 4 1/2 cups all-purpose flour, plus more for surface and dusting
- 2 tablespoons coarse salt
- 2 tablespoons caraway seeds, plus more for sprinkling on top
- 1 egg white
Sprinkle yeast over 1/2 cup water. Add 2 teaspoons honey. Whisk until yeast dissolves. Let stand until foamy, about 5 minutes. Transfer to the bowl of a mixer fitted with the paddle or dough-hook attachment. Add butter and remaining 1 3/4 cups water and 3 tablespoons honey. Whisk flour with salt; add 3 cups to yeast. Mix on low speed until smooth. Mix in 2 tablespoons caraway seeds. Add remaining 4 cups flour, 1 cup at a time, mixing until dough comes away from sides of bowl and forms a ragged, slightly sticky ball. Butter a large bowl.
Knead dough on a floured surface until smooth and elastic but still slightly tacky, about 5 minutes. Shape into a ball. Transfer to prepared bowl; cover with plastic wrap.
Let dough stand in a warm place until it doubles in volume (it should not spring back when pressed), about 1 hour. Butter two 4 1/2-by-8 1/2-inch loaf pans. Punch down dough; divide in half.
Shape 1 dough half into an 8 1/2-inch-long rectangle (about 1/2 inch thick). Fold long sides of dough in to middle, overlapping slightly. Press seam to seal. Transfer dough, seam side down, to pan. Repeat with remaining dough. Brush tops of loaves with egg wash (beaten egg white mixed with water), and sprinkle with caraway seeds. Preheat oven to 450 degrees. Drape loaves with plastic. Let stand until dough rises about 1 inch above tops of pans, 45 minutes to 1 hour. Reduce oven temperature to 400 degrees. Bake, rotating pans after 20 minutes, until tops are golden brown, about 45 minutes. Transfer to wire racks. Let cool slightly; turn out loaves. Let cool completely before slicing.


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Virtuous Leadership: An Agenda for Personal Excellence
- Format: Paperback
- Size: 5 X 8
- Pages: 174
- Item #:
- This eBook is an EPUB file securely delivered via Adobe technology. It requires an Adobe ID (free), and a compatible reader / app to retrieve it. To learn more, click here.
By Alexandre Havard
Drawing on the lives of some of the greatest political, intellectual and religious leaders of modern times, and the author's personal experience, Virtuous Leadership demonstrates that leadership and virtue are not only compatible, they are actually synonymous.
Virtuous Leadership defines each of the classical human virtues most essential to leadership – magnanimity, humility, prudence, courage, self-control and justice. It demonstrates how these virtues promote personal transformation and the attainment of self-fulfillment. It also considers the Christian supernatural virtues of faith, hope and charity without which no study of leadership can be complete.
The book's final section, Towards Victory, offers a methodology for the achievement of interior growth tailored to the needs of busy, professional people intent on imbuing their lives with a transcendent purpose. Thus, the aim of Virtuous Leadership is ultimately practical. It is meant to be your guidebook in the quest for excellence.


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Airlines for America said the Trump administration's proposal to privatize the nation's air traffic control system would result in shorter flights, fewer emissions and fewer delays, while the Alliance for Aviation Across America decried the measure.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Fiscal Year 2017 Work Plan carves out more than $170 million in funding that will go toward several port deepening and construction projects across the country.
U.S. and Mexican customs authorities hope to provide fully restored operations at the World Trade Bridge border crossing in Laredo, Texas, on Monday, May 29.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
Yang Ming's shares have been suspended on the Taiwan Stock Exchange from last Thursday until May 3 as part of its financial restructuring and reverse stock split.
Benoit de la Tour, president of terminal operating systems provider Navis, which is extending its reach beyond the terminal, stressed the need to simplify supply chain complexity, noting how the industry is behind in digitalization.
Exports from China increased 16.4 percent from the previous year in March, while imports grew 20.3 percent, reversing a rare trade deficit in February, according to recent data from the country's General Administration of Customs.


text: Happy New Year, Voters'! Thank you for voting "SmithieForPresident" to ReBuildUSAtoday at the electoral college! TAP TO LOAD OUR APP FROM THE APPLE STORE » Where is our yesterday? And the way we use to be! What happen to our past? With our glories everywhere! All over the world, all over the world. Help ReBuildUSAtoday! We've been outspent by our competitors in the race to Elections2016. It's not too late to fight back for other elections. Jump in this fight with us, to ReBuildUSAtoday at the PILGRIMS Alliance Party. And together we'll build a stronger, safer and better America. I'm in to ReBuildUSAtoday! WHAT ABOUT YOU? »


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Movies for Kids (and their Families) - 'It's a Wonderful Life'
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.24-12-2013 12:00:00 24-12-2013 12:00:00 America/New_York Movies for Kids (and their Families) - 'It's a Wonderful Life' | 12pm Everyone will enjoy this holiday favorite on the big screen, as it was meant to be seen. An angel helps a compassionate but despairingly frustrated businessman by showing what life would have been like if he never existed. 1946. 130 mins. http://www.nymetroparents.com/2015neweventinfo.cfm?id=150110 Jacob Burns Film Center Jacob Burns Film Center
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Venue Description: As a nonprofit institution offering film education every day of the year, the Jacob Burns Film Center screens first-run independent films, previews, classic films, and documentaries from around the world, while promoting 21st-century literacy and striving to convey the brilliance and power of film. Beyond its theater complex, the center includes the 27,000-square-foot Media Arts Lab, with a fully equipped soundstage, recording studio, 60-seat screening room, and 16 editing suites. More than 150 directors, actors, and scholars address the center's audiences each year. The Burns offers additional instructional programs to students in grades 3-12 and those in college. The Center also provides outreach programs, including Family Films and Matinees for Seniors.
Upcoming Events at Jacob Burns Film Center: